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    Table of Contents

      Varghese Summersett Background

      Types of Federal Firearm Charges

      Understanding Federal Gun Charges: A Comprehensive Guide

      In the United States, the right to bear arms is enshrined in the Constitution. However, this right is not without its limits and responsibilities. Federal laws regulate who can possess firearms, how they can be used, and what types of firearms are permissible. Violations of these laws can result in serious penalties, including imprisonment. In this blog post, we delve into the complex world of federal gun charges.

      We’ll explore the different types of offenses, from possession of a firearm by a prohibited person to engaging in the business of dealing in firearms without a license. For each offense, we’ll provide the relevant code section, a description of the crime, the potential punishment range, and possible defenses.

      Why You Should Listen to Us?

      Benson Varghese is a Board Certified Criminal Lawyer and an expert in criminal law. He began his career as a prosecutor and has been dedicated to the defense of individuals accused of crimes over the last decade. He has tried over 100 cases to juries and represented individuals accused with a variety of gun charges.

      Whether you’re a legal professional, a gun owner, or simply someone interested in understanding more about federal gun laws, this guide will provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. However, it’s important to remember that this guide is a summary and the actual law contains more details and exceptions. Always consult with a legal expert if you have specific questions or are facing federal gun charges.

      Our Comprehensive Guide to Federal Gun Charges

      Let’s get started with our comprehensive guide to federal gun charges.

      Federal Gun Offense Punishment Range
      Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Prohibited Person Up to 10 years imprisonment
      Selling, Giving, or Disposing of Any Firearm or Ammunition to a Prohibited Person Up to 10 years imprisonment
      Use, Carry, or Possess a Firearm in Relation to or in Furtherance of a Drug Felony or a Federal Crime of Violence At least 5 years up to life imprisonment, or death if death results from the use of the firearm
      Stolen Firearm, Ammunition, or Explosive Up to 10 years imprisonment
      Firearm in a School Zone Up to 5 years imprisonment
      Knowingly Possess or Manufacture Certain Types of Firearms Up to 5 or 10 years imprisonment, depending on the specific violation
      Sell, Deliver, or Transfer to a Juvenile Up to 1 year imprisonment, or up to 10 years if the transferor had reason to believe the juvenile would commit a crime of violence
      Forfeiture of Firearms, Ammunition, and Explosives Forfeiture of firearms, ammunition, or explosives
      Engaging in the Business of Dealing in Firearms Without a License Up to 5 years imprisonment

      Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Prohibited Person

      Federal Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(g) & (n)

      Understanding Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Prohibited Person

      Federal law prohibits certain individuals from shipping, transporting, possessing, or receiving any firearm or ammunition. These individuals include those who have been convicted of a felony, those who are drug users or addicts, aliens, individuals who are the subject of restraining orders, individuals with prior convictions for domestic assault, fugitives from justice, and those who have been dishonorably discharged from the military.

      Punishment Range for Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Prohibited Person

      If a person in any of these categories is found to be in possession of a firearm or ammunition, they could face up to 10 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses to Possession of a Firearm or Ammunition by a Prohibited Person

      A potential defense could be that the person was not aware they were in possession of the firearm or ammunition, or that they fall under one of the exceptions provided in the law, such as having had their civil rights restored after a felony conviction.

      Selling, Giving, or Disposing of Any Firearm or Ammunition to a Prohibited Person

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(d)

      Selling, Giving, or Disposing of Any Firearm or Ammunition to a Prohibited Person Explained

      It is also a federal offense to sell or otherwise dispose of any firearm or ammunition to any person if you know or have reasonable cause to believe that the person falls within any of the categories listed above.

      Punishment Range for Selling, Giving, or Disposing of Any Firearm or Ammunition to a Prohibited Person

      This means that if you sell a firearm or ammunition to a person who is, for example, a convicted felon or a fugitive from justice, you could be sentenced to up to 10 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses to Selling, Giving, or Disposing of Any Firearm or Ammunition to a Prohibited Person

      A potential defense could be that the person did not know, and had no reason to believe, that the recipient was a prohibited person.

      Use, Carry, or Possess a Firearm in Relation to or in Furtherance of a Drug Felony or a Federal Crime of Violence

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 924(c)

      Use, Carry, or Possess a Firearm in Relation to or in Furtherance of a Drug Felony or a Federal Crime of Violence Explained

      It is unlawful to use, carry, or possess a firearm during and in relation to, or possess a firearm in furtherance of, a drug trafficking crime or a crime of violence.

      Punishment Range for Use,How the feds prosecute gun cases Carry, or Possess a Firearm in Relation to or in Furtherance of a Drug Felony or a Federal Crime of Violence

      The punishment for this crime ranges from at least 5 years up to life imprisonment, without the possibility of parole. If death results from the use of a firearm, the person could face the death penalty.

      Possible Defenses to Use, Carry, or Possess a Firearm in Relation to or in Furtherance of a Drug Felony or a Federal Crime of Violence

      A potential defense could be that the firearm was not used in relation to or in furtherance of a drug felony or a federal crime of violence. For example, the firearm was not present at the time of the crime.

      Stolen Firearm, Ammunition, or Explosive

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(j), (k), (l), & (u)

      Stolen Firearm, Ammunition, or Explosive Explained

      It is a federal crime to receive, possess, conceal, store, pledge, accept as security for a loan, barter, sell, or dispose of any stolen firearm, ammunition, or explosive that has been shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce. It is also a crime to steal or unlawfully take or carry away a firearm from the person or premises of a firearms licensee.

      Punishment Range for Stolen Firearm, Ammunition, or Explosive

      If a person is found guilty of this crime, they could face up to 10 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the person did not know that the firearm, ammunition, or explosive was stolen.

      5. Firearm in a School Zone

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(q)

      Description

      Federal law makes it a crime to possess or discharge a firearm in a school zone.

      Punishment Range

      If a person is found guilty of this crime, they could face up to 5 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the person did not know they were in a school zone, or that they were authorized to possess the firearm in the school zone under the law.

      6. Knowingly Possess or Manufacture Certain Types of Firearms

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(a), (b), (o), (v), & (w)

      Description

      It is unlawful to knowingly possess or manufacture certain types of firearms. These include machine guns, firearm silencers, sawed-off shotguns, sawed-off rifles, destructive devices, semi-automatic assault weapons manufactured after October 1, 1993, and any firearm which lacks a serial number or contains an altered or obliterated serial number.

      Punishment Range

      If a person is found guilty of this crime, they could face up to 5 or 10 years in prison, depending on the specific violation.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the person did not know that the firearm they possessed or manufactured fell into one of the prohibited categories.

      7. Sell, Deliver, or Transfer to a Juvenile

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(x)

      Description

      It is a federal crime to sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun or handgun-only ammunition to a person who is under the age of 18. It is also a crime for a person under the age of 18 to possess a handgun or handgun-only ammunition. There are certain exceptions to this law, such as when the juvenile has written permission from a parent.

      Punishment Range

      If a person is found guilty of this crime, they could face up to 1 year in prison. However, if the person who transferred the gun or ammunition had reason to believe the juvenile would commit a crime of violence with the gun or ammunition, the sentence could be up to 10 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the person did not know the recipient was a juvenile, or that one of the exceptions provided in the law applies.

      8. Forfeiture of Firearms, Ammunition, and Explosives

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 924(d)

      Description

      This section of the law authorizes the seizure and forfeiture of firearms, ammunition, and explosives that are involved in criminal offenses.

      Punishment Range

      The punishment for this crime is the forfeiture of the firearms, ammunition, or explosives.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the firearms, ammunition, or explosives were not involved in a criminal offense.

      9. Engaging in the Business of Dealing in Firearms Without a License

      Code Section

      18 U.S.C. § 922(a)

      Description

      It is a federal crime for any person, except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms.

      Punishment Range

      If a person is found guilty of this crime, they could face up to 5 years in prison.

      Possible Defenses

      A potential defense could be that the person was not “engaged in the business” of dealing in firearms as defined by the law, but was instead making occasional sales or exchanges as part of a personal collection or hobby.

      Please note that this guide is a summary and the actual law contains more details and exceptions. Always consult with a legal expert if you are facing federal gun charges.

      Benson Varghese is the founder and managing partner of Varghese Summersett, where he has built a distinguished career championing the underdog in personal injury, wrongful death, and criminal defense cases. With over 100 jury trials in Texas state and federal courts, he brings exceptional courtroom experience and a proven record with Texas juries to every case.

      Under his leadership, Varghese Summersett has grown into a powerhouse firm with dedicated teams across three core practice areas: criminal defense, family law, and personal injury. Beyond his legal practice, Benson is recognized as a legal tech entrepreneur as the founder of Lawft and a thought leader in legal technology.

      Benson is also the author of Tapped In, the definitive guide to law firm growth that has become essential reading for attorneys looking to scale their practices.

      Benson serves as an adjunct faculty at Baylor Law School.

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