# Varghese Summersett | Criminal Defense Lawyer, Personal Injury Attorney, Family Lawyer, Divorce Lawyer, Juvenile Defense Lawyer, Family Law Firm | Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, Fort Bend, Denton, and Southlake > Varghese Summersett has been recognized as a premier law firm serving clients from four offices in Fort Worth (Principal location), Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. The firm is home to over 70 legal professionals and six Board Certified specialists, three in criminal law, two in juvenile law, and one in family law. The firm handles personal injury cases throughout Texas, family cases in Fort Worth, Dallas, and the greater metropolitan area, and criminal law cases throughout north Texas, including Dallas County, Tarrant County, Denton County, Wise County, Parker County, Hood County, Johnson County, Ellis County. ## Offices - Fort Worth (HQ): (817) 203-2220 - Dallas: (214) 903-4000 - Houston: (281) 805-2220 - Southlake: (817) 415-1575 - ## Practice Areas Practice Areas Criminal Defense DWI/DUI Offenses: First-time DWI, felony DWI, DWI with child passenger, intoxication assault, intoxication manslaughter, commercial DWI, underage DWI Drug Crimes: Drug possession, drug trafficking, drug manufacturing, prescription fraud, marijuana offenses, federal drug charges Assault & Violent Crimes: Simple assault, aggravated assault, assault family violence, deadly conduct, terroristic threats, murder, manslaughter Theft & Property Crimes: Theft, burglary, robbery, embezzlement, fraud, forgery, identity theft, criminal mischief Federal Crimes: Federal drug offenses, white collar crimes, healthcare fraud, tax evasion, money laundering, wire fraud, RICO charges, federal weapons charges Sex Crimes: Sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, indecency with a child, online solicitation, child pornography, prostitution, failure to register as sex offender Juvenile Offenses: Juvenile delinquency, certification/transfer to adult court, juvenile drug offenses, juvenile theft, school-related offenses White Collar Crimes: Embezzlement, securities fraud, insurance fraud, bribery, public corruption, computer crimes Weapons Charges: Unlawful carrying of a weapon, unlawful possession of a firearm, illegal discharge, federal weapons violations Probation Violations: Motion to revoke probation, motion to adjudicate guilt Expungement & Record Sealing: Expunctions, orders of nondisclosure, record clearing Personal Injury Motor Vehicle Accidents: Car accidents, truck accidents, 18-wheeler accidents, motorcycle accidents, rideshare accidents (Uber/Lyft), hit-and-run accidents, uninsured/underinsured motorist claims Wrongful Death: Fatal car accidents, workplace fatalities, medical malpractice deaths, premises liability deaths Catastrophic Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, burn injuries, amputations, paralysis School Abuse: Sexual abuse by teachers or staff, physical abuse, institutional cover-ups, failure to report, negligent supervision Premises Liability: Slip and fall, trip and fall, inadequate security, dog bites, swimming pool accidents Workplace Injuries: Construction accidents, industrial accidents, oilfield injuries, third-party workplace claims Product Liability: Defective products, dangerous drugs, defective medical devices, auto defects Medical Malpractice: Surgical errors, misdiagnosis, birth injuries, hospital negligence Family Law Divorce: Contested divorce, uncontested divorce, high-asset divorce, military divorce, collaborative divorce Child Custody: Conservatorship, possession and access schedules, modification of custody, relocation cases, interstate custody disputes Child Support: Establishment of support, child support modifications, child support enforcement, high-income child support Property Division: Community property division, separate property claims, business valuation, retirement account division, hidden asset investigations Paternity: Establishing paternity, contesting paternity, father's rights Spousal Support: Temporary spousal support, contractual alimony, spousal maintenance Protective Orders: Family violence protective orders, defense against protective orders Prenuptial & Postnuptial Agreements: Drafting, review, enforcement Grandparent Rights: Grandparent visitation, grandparent custody Adoption: Stepparent adoption, private adoption, contested adoption > ## Contact Website: https://www.versustexas.com Main Phone: (817) 203-2220 Consultations available 24/7 ## Pages - [Christiana Doherty](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/christiana-doherty/): Christiana Doherty is an experienced divorce and family law attorney, guiding clients through some of the most difficult times in their lives. 817-203-2220. - [What is a First Degree Felony in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/first-degree-felony/): In short: A first degree felony in Texas carries 5 to 99 years or life in prison and a fine... - [Intoxication Manslaughter Defense in Texas](https://versustexas.com/intoxication-manslaughter/): Intoxication manslaughter is a second degree felony in Texas, with 2 to 20 years in prison. Understand the charge, the penalties, and how these cases are defended. - [Fort Worth Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-federal-criminal-lawyer/): Charged with a federal crime in Fort Worth? Our team includes a former federal prosecutor and Board Certified specialists. Free 24/7 consult: (817) 203-2220. - [Estate Guide](https://versustexas.com/estateguide/) - [Arlington DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/arlington-dwi-lawyer/): Charged with DWI in Arlington? An experienced Arlington DWI lawyer can protect your license. Free review — call (817) 203-2220 before your 15-day deadline. - [Fort Bend Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-injury-lawyer/): Injured in Fort Bend County because of someone else’s negligence? You may have the right to pursue compensation for your pain, medical bills, and lost wages. Call now. - [Theft in Texas: Charges and Defenses - A Complete Guide](https://versustexas.com/theft-in-texas/): Texas recognizes dozens of theft offenses, from shoplifting and self-checkout theft to burglary, robbery, and identity theft. Here's how each is defined, classified, and punished under the Penal Code. - [Fort Bend Slip and Fall Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-slip-and-fall-lawyer/): Hurt in a slip and fall in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for free consulation. - [White Collar Crimes in Texas](https://versustexas.com/white-collar-crimes-in-texas/): Every Texas white collar crime explained, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, money laundering, and more. Board Certified defense attorneys. - [Fort Bend Spinal Cord Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-spinal-cord-injury-lawyer/): Suffered a spinal cord injury in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call today for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Truck Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-truck-accident-lawyer/): Hurt in a truck wreck in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. Call now for a free consulation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Wrongful Death Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-wrongful-death-lawyer/): Lost a loved one due to negligence in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for grieving families. No fee unless we win. - [Expunctions and Nondisclosures in Texas: A Practical Guide](https://versustexas.com/expunctions-and-nondisclosures/): Expunction destroys your Texas criminal record; nondisclosure seals it. Board Certified attorneys explain which one you qualify for. Free consultation. - [Switching Lawyers in a Criminal Case](https://versustexas.com/switching-lawyers-in-a-criminal-case/): Can I Change Lawyers in My Criminal Case? Yes. You have the right to choose your own lawyer in a... - [Under Investigation? Be Sure You Do Not Do This](https://versustexas.com/under-investigation/): How to Tell If You’re Under Criminal Investigation in Texas Most people don’t find out they’re under investigation until it’s... - [Prenup Guide](https://versustexas.com/prenupguide/) - [Fort Bend Sexual Abuse Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-abuse-lawyer/): Sexually abused in Fort Bend County? You can sue the abuser and those who enabled it. Our lawyers fight for survivors. Call now for a free consulation. - [Fort Bend Product Liability Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-product-liability-lawyer/): Hurt by a defective product in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for a free consultation. - [Accessability](https://versustexas.com/accessability/): Effective Date: May 11, 2026 Last Updated: May 11, 2026 Varghese Summersett PLLC is committed to ensuring that our website,... - [Fort Bend Refinery Explosion Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-refinery-explosion-lawyer/): Hurt or a loved one killed in a Fort Bend County refinery or petrochemical explosion? Our injury attorneys fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Pedestrian Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-pedestrian-accident-lawyer/): Struck by a vehicle in Fort Bend County? Our pedestrian accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend School Abuse Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-school-abuse-lawyer/): Child harmed at a school in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury attorneys hold educators and schools accountable. Free consult. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Hit and Run Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-hit-and-run-lawyer/): Hit by a driver who fled in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for full compensation. Call tfor a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - [Fort Bend Industrial Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-industrial-accident-lawyer/): Hurt in a Fort Bend industrial accident? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Motorcycle Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/): Injured in a motorcycle crash in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Oilfield Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-oilfield-accident-lawyer/): Injured or loved one killed in a Fort Bend County oilfield accident? Our attorneys fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation — no fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Premise Liability Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-premise-liability-lawyer/): Hurt on someone else's property in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett holds negligent property owners accountable. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend Daycare Abuse Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-daycare-abuse-lawyer/): Was your child hurt at a Fort Bend daycare? We hold negligent providers accountable. Call our injury lawyers today—no fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Dog Bite Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dog-bite-lawyer/): Injured after being bitten by a dog in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury attorneys fight for maximum compensation. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drunk-driving-accident-lawyer/): Hit by a drunk driver in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. Free consultation. - [Fort Bend Burn Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-burn-injury-lawyer/): Suffered a burn injury in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend Catastrophic Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-catastrophic-injury-lawyer/): Seriously injured in Fort Bend County due to negligence? Varghese Summersett's catastrophic injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Construction Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-construction-accident-lawyer/): Hurt on a Fort Bend construction site? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for a free consultation - [Fort Bend 18 Wheeler Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-18-wheeler-accident-lawyer/): If you were injured by an 18-wheeler in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue compensation from the... - [Fort Bend Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-accident-lawyer/): Hurt in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Bicycle Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-bicycle-accident-lawyer/): Hit by a car while riding your bike in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for full compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Brain Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-brain-injury-lawyer/): Suffered a brain injury in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - [Fort Bend Robbery Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/fort-bend-robbery-lawyer/): Charged with robbery in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced criminal defense team is ready to fight for you. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Theft Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/): Charged with theft in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced defense team fights to protect your record and future. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Aggravated Robbery Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/aggravated-robbery/): Charged with aggravated robbery in Fort Bend County? This is a first-degree felony that carries a punisment of 5 to 99 years in prison. Call for a free consultation today. - [Fort Bend Auto Theft Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/auto-theft/): Auto theft charges in Fort Bend County are filed as Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle (UUMV) under Texas Penal... - [Fort Bend Burglary Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/burglary/): Need a Fort Bend burglary lawyer? We defend clients facing burglary charges in Fort Bend County with strategic, results-driven representation. Call now. - [Fort Bend Indecency with a Child Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/indecency-with-a-child/): Charged with indecency with a child in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys provide strategic, aggressive representation. Call today for a consultation. - [Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child Lawyer | Fort Bend Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/continuous-sexual-assault-child/): If you’re accused of continuous sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County, the stakes couldn’t be higher. Understand the charge, potential punishment, and what comes next. - [Online Solicitation of a Minor Charge | Fort Bend Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/online-solicitation-minor/): Charged with online solicitation of a minor in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends these serious felonies. - [Fort Bend Prostitution Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/prostitution/): Charged with prostitution in Fort Bend County? Get clear guidance on the law, potential penalties, and how an experienced defense lawyer can help. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend County Sex Offender Registration | Failure to Comply](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/sex-offender-registration/): Sex offender registration in Fort Bend County carries strict rules and severe penalties. Here's what you need to know. - [Fort Bend Child Sexual Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/child-sexual-assault/): Charged with sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County? Our criminal defense attorneys fight serious sex crimes. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault-child/): Charged with aggravated sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County? First-degree felony. Life sentence possible. Speak with a defense attorney now. - [Aggravated Sexual Assault Lawyer in Fort Bend County](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault/): Charged with aggravated sexual assault in Fort Bend? Our experienced Texas defense lawyers fight serious felony cases. Call now for help. - [Fort Bend Child Pornography Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/child-pornography/): Charged with child pornography in Fort Bend County? Get an experienced defense attorney on your side. Call Varghese Summersett today. - [Fort Bend Sex Crimes Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/): Accused of a sex crime in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight aggressively to protect your rights, reputation, and future. - [Electrocution Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-personal-injury-lawyer/electrocution-injury-lawyer/): Electrocuted in Texas? Learn who can be held liable: employers, utility companies, property owners, and more. Free consultation with our electrocution injury lawyer. - [Fort Bend Nondisclosure Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-nondisclosure-lawyer/): Seal your criminal record in Fort Bend County. Experienced nondisclosure attorneys explain eligibility, process, and next steps. Free consultation. - [Fort Bend Probation Violation Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-probation-violation-lawyer/): Accused of a probation violation in Fort Bend County? Our experienced criminal defense lawyers fight to protect your freedom. Call for free consulation. - [Fort Bend Unlawful Carry Attorney](https://versustexas.com/unlawful-carry/): Charged with unlawful carry of a weapon in Fort Bend County? Learn Texas gun laws, penalties, defenses, and how our attorneys can help. - [Fort Bend Capital Murder Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/capital-murder/): Facing capital murder charges in Fort Bend County? The stakes couldn’t be higher. Put a proven, trial-tested defense team on your side. Call now. - [Fort Bend Manslaughter Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/manslaughter/): Facing manslaughter charges in Fort Bend County? The consequences are serious and long-lasting. You need a proven, trial-tested defense team to protect your future. - [Fort Bend Murder Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/murder/): Facing murder charges in Fort Bend County? The stakes are life-changing. You need a proven, trial-tested defense team focused on protecting your future now. - [Fort Bend Embezzlement Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/embezzlement/): Charged with embezzlement in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends employees, executives & business owners. Free consultation. - [Fort Bend Expunction Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-expunction-lawyer/): Charged in Fort Bend County? An expunction can wipe your record clean. Varghese Summersett fights for your fresh start. Call for free consutation. - [Fort Bend Homicide Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/): Facing homicide charges in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's battle-tested lawyers fight murder cases. Call 281-805-2220 for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Domestic Violence Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-domestic-violence-lawyer/): Accused of domestic violence in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends assault family violence cases. Call now for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Fraud Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/): If you’ve been charged with fraud in Fort Bend County, you are facing serious felony charges that can result in... - [Fort Bend Identity Theft Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/identity-theft/): Charged with identity theft in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends clients facing felony fraud charges. Call now for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Criminal Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-criminal-lawyer/): Need a Fort Bend criminal lawyer? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your rights and deliver results in even the toughest cases. Call today for free consult. - [Fort Bend Intoxication Manslaughter Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-manslaughter/): Charged with Fort Bend intoxication manslaughter? Our experienced criminal defense attorneys fight to protect your rights, freedom, and future. Call now. - [Fort Bend Second DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/second-offense/): Charged with a second offense DWI in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your license, your freedom, and your future. Call today. - [Third DWI in Fort Bend County](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/third-offense/): Charged with a 3rd DWI in Fort Bend County? It's a felony carrying 2–10 years in prison. Varghese Summersett defends serious cases. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend Felony Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-felony-lawyer/): Facing a felony charge in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced defense team will fight for your future. Free consultation. - [Fort Bend Felony DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/felony-dwi/): Facing a Fort Bend felony DWI charge? Our experienced defense attorneys provide strategic defense to protect your future. Call today for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Intoxication Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-assault/): Charged with intoxication assault in Fort Bend County? Our attorneys are former prosecutors who know how these cases are built — and how to fight them. - [Fort Bend Drug Delivery Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/drug-delivery/): Charged with delivery or manufacture of a controlled substance in Fort Bend County? Call for a free consult with a Fort Bend drug delivery lawyer today. - [Fort Bend Marijuana Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/marijuana/): Arrested for marijuana possession in Fort Bend County? We defend all Fort Bend marijuana charge levels. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Drug Paraphernalia Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/paraphernalia/): Charged with drug paraphernalia in Fort Bend County? We defends clients across Sugar Land, Missouri City and beyond. Free consultation. - [Fort Bend Boating While Intoxicated Lawyer | BWI Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/boating-while-intoxicated/): Charged with Boating While Intoxicated (BWI) in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your rights, your record, and your future. Free consult. - [Fort Bend DWI Child Passenger Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/dwi-child-passenger/): Charged with DWI with a child passenger in Fort Bend County? It's a state jail felony. Get an experienced defense attorney on your side now. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Assault Bodily Injury Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/assault-bodily-injury/): Charged with assault causing bodily injury in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense team fights for dismissals and reduced charges. Call for free consultation. - [Fort Bend Assault by Contact Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/assault-by-contact/): Facing Fort Bend Assault by Contact charges? Don’t wait. Learn possible penalties and defense strategies. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Deadly Conduct Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/deadly-conduct/): Charged with deadly conduct in Fort Bend County? Don't let this moment defined you life. Call today for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Bend defense attorney. - [Fort Bend Kidnapping Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/kidnapping/): Charged with kidnapping in Fort Bend County? Our criminal defense attorneys fight hard for you. Call for a free consultation. - [Fort Bend Terroristic Threat Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/terroristic-threat/): Charged with terroristic threat in Fort Bend County? Learn the law, penalties, and defense strategies. Call for a free consulation. - [Fort Bend Unlawful Restraint Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/unlawful-restraint/): Charged with unlawful restraint in Fort Bend County? Learn the law, penalties, and possible defenses. Call for a free consultation. - [Denton Divorce Mediation](https://versustexas.com/denton-divorce-mediation/): Divorce mediation can save time, money, and stress. Varghese Summersett has trained attorney-mediators. Call (940) 252-2220 for a Denton divorce mediation. - [Denton County Criminal Courts](https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-courts/): Denton County’s criminal courts are divided into three tiers: Justice of the Peace courts for Class C misdemeanors, County Courts... - [Denton Stepparent Adoption Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-stepparent-adoption-lawyer/): Looking for a Denton stepparent adoption lawyer? We make the process smooth and straightforward, helping families finalize adoptions with confidence and peace of mind. - [Denton High Net Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-high-net-worth-divorce/): Denton high net worth divorce attorney. Varghese Summersett protects business interests, real estate & complex assets. Call (940) 252-2220 to schedule a consultation. - [Denton Uncontested Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-uncontested-divorce-lawyer/): Uncontested divorce in Denton County? Our family law team helps spouses reach agreements and move forward faster. Talk to a Denton uncontested divorce lawyer today. - [Denton Family Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-family-lawyer/): Need a Denton family lawyer? Varghese Summersett handles divorce, custody, and complex family law matters. Experienced attorneys ready to protect your future. - [Denton County Criminal Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-lawyer/): Facing criminal charges in Denton County? Our Denton county criminal lawyers fight for you. Serious felonies and misdemeanors. Call for a free consultation. - [Domestic Violence Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/family-law/domestic-violence-lawyer/): How Does Domestic Violence Affect a Divorce in Texas? Domestic violence can be cited as a fault ground in a... - [Counterfeit Goods: Who Gets Prosecuted and Why](https://versustexas.com/counterfeit-goods/): Counterfeit goods are ubiquitous. Can you get in trouble for buying or selling counterfeit goods? Here's what you need to know. - [Denton Collaborative Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-collaborative-divorce-lawyer/): Considering collaborative divorce in Denton County? Our Denton collaborative divorce lawyers guide you through a process built on cooperation — not conflict. Call today. - [Denton Fathers' Rights Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-fathers-rights-lawyer/): Denton fathers' rights attorney Craig Jackson and the Varghese Summersett team fight for dads in custody, divorce, and visitation cases. Call (940) 252-2220. - [Denton Grandparent Rights Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-grandparent-rights-lawyer/): Texas grandparents have real but limited rights to visitation and custody. A Denton granparent rights lawyer can help you fight for time with your grandchildren. - [Denton Spousal Support Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-spousal-support-lawyer/): Spousal support in Denton County? Our family law attorneys fight for fair outcomes. Call Varghese Summersett to schedule a consultation with a Denton spousal support lawyer. - [Denton Custody Modification Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-custody-modification-lawyer/): Circumstances change. Your custody order can, too. Our Denton custody modification lawyers help parents request changes when life, schedules or a child’s needs evolve. - [Denton Paternity Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-paternity-lawyer/): Need a Denton paternity lawyer? Varghese Summersett helps fathers and mothers establish legal parentage, custody, and support. Call (940) 252-2220. - [Denton Prenuptial Agreement Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/denton-prenuptial-agreement-lawyer/): Protect your assets before you marry. The Denton prenuptial agreement lawyers at Varghese Summersett help couples build a solid legal foundation. - [Family Violence Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/family-violence/): Charged with family violence in Fort Bend County? Our defense attorneys include a former Family Violence Unit chief. 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If so, we want to hear... - [Varghese Summersett Houston - Criminal Defense and Personal Injury Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/houston/): Located in the heart of the Westchase Business District, Varghese Summersett Houston is conveniently located for residents of Harris and Fort Bend Counties. - [Executive Assistant](https://versustexas.com/executive-assistant/): Executive Assistant Do you have an eye for detail and love working in a fast-paced environment? Are you looking for... - [Houston Car Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/houston-car-accident-lawyer/): Our Houston car accident lawyer explains why Houston has so many fatal car accidents. - [Family Lawyer Position in Dallas, Texas](https://versustexas.com/careers/family-lawyer-position/): We are looking to fill a family lawyer position in Dallas with just the right person. 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Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation." - [Graphics Project Manager](https://versustexas.com/careers/graphics-project-manager/): We are looking for a Graphics Project Manager to add to our team. - [Timothy M. Good](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/tim-good/): Tim Good is the District Attorney-Elect for Johnson County and currently Of Counsel for Varghese Summersett. - [Jennifer Saperstein | Development Lead](https://versustexas.com/our-team/jennifer-saperstein/): Jennifer Saperstein is the Development Lead at Varghese Summersett. - [Katie Steele](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/katie-steele/): Katie Steele is a highly-regarded trial attorney at Varghese Summersett. 817-207-4878. - [#1 Divorce Attorney Near Me in Fort Worth, Southlake, and Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/divorce-attorney-near-me/): Are you thinking, "I need a divorce attorney near me?" Our Top Lawyers have been rated #1 by TrustAnalytica. - [Houston DWI Lawyer | Board Certified Defense](https://versustexas.com/houston-dwi-lawyer/): Board certified Houston DWI lawyers who know the Harris County courts, pretrial intervention, and how to fight blood tests. Free consult: (281) 805-2220. - [Mike Hanson](https://versustexas.com/mike-hanson/): Mike Hanson is a Partner and the Houston/Fort Bend Area Lead at Varghese Summersett. - [Celina Rodriguez](https://versustexas.com/our-team/celina-rodriguez/): Celina Rodriguez is a Case Manager at Varghese Summersett, where she is dedicated to providing comprehensive support to personal injury clients. - [Caleb Hale | Legal Assistant](https://versustexas.com/our-team/caleb-hale/): Caleb Hale is a legal assistant in Varghese Summersett's Injury Law Division. - [Enticing a Child | Penal Code 25.04](https://versustexas.com/enticing-a-child/): Enticing a child can be state or federal charge. Learn more about Enticing a Child in Texas. - [Houston Criminal Defense Attorney](https://versustexas.com/houston-criminal-defense-attorney/): The Houston Criminal Defense Attorney team at Varghese Summersett has a long track record of success in criminal cases in Harris County. - [Our Mission](https://versustexas.com/our-mission/): At Varghese Summersett, we have a simple but powerful mission statement that drives everything we do. - [Pre-Litigation Case Manager](https://versustexas.com/careers/pre-litigation-case-manager/): Join Our Team as a Pre-Litigation Case Manager We are looking for just the right person to join our team... - [Fort Bend DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/): Our Fort Bend DWI Lawyer explains what you need to know if you or a loved one has been charged with a DWI in Fort Bend. - [Fort Bend Car Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-car-accident-lawyer/): Car Accident Lawyer in Fort Bend At Varghese Summersett, our experienced Fort Bend car accident lawyers have a proven track... - [Fort Bend Sexual Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/): Our expert Fort Bend sexual assault lawyer provides insight on what to do if you are accused of sexual assault. - [Fort Worth Marijuana Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-marijuana-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth marijuana lawyer explains how we beat possession of marijuana charges. - [#1 Fort Bend Personal Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-personal-injury-lawyer/): Our Fort Bend Personal Injury Lawyer has won millions for our clients. Call today to find out how we can help. - [Fort Bend Criminal Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-criminal-defense-lawyer/): Our Fort Bend Criminal Defense Lawyer has handled every level of case - from misdemeanor to murder. Call us for a free consultation. - [Client Relations Specialist](https://versustexas.com/client-relations-specialist/): We are not your average law firm; this is no average job description. We want people who love people and... - [When Life Is Derailed: Texas Railroad Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-railroad-accident-lawyer/): Were you injured or a loved one killed in a Texas railroad accident? Call for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. 817-203-2220 - [Dallas Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-divorce-lawyer/): Dallas divorce lawyers at Varghese Summersett offer strategic compassionate guidance in complex, contested and uncontested divorces. - [Southlake Personal Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/southlake-personal-injury-lawyer/): Injured in an accident in Southlake or surrounding area? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Southlake personal injury lawyer. - [Varghese Summersett Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth/): Varghese Summersett Fort Worth is the headquarters of the firm, and the firm's largest office, occupying the 7th floor of the One City Place Building. - [Varghese Summersett (Dallas) - Criminal Defense, Divorce, and Personal Injury Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/dallas/): Varghese Summersett (Dallas) is made up of a team of top-notch lawyers in three divisions: criminal defense, family and divorce, and personal injury. - [Indecency with a Child by Contact in Texas](https://versustexas.com/indecency-with-a-child-by-contact/): Texas Penal Code 21.11 defines Indecency with a Child by Contact. Learn about the charge and defenses. - [Leaving the Scene of an Accident in Texas](https://versustexas.com/leaving-the-scene-of-an-accident-in-texas/): Leaving the scene of an accident in Texas without leaving your information is a criminal offense that could land you in jail. - [Dallas Auto Theft Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/auto-theft-lawyer/): Our Dallas Auto Theft Lawyer covers what you need to know if you are charged with stealing a vehicle in Dallas. - [Thank You](https://versustexas.com/thank-you/): Thank you! Learn more about the firm and our three practice areas: We specialize in three main practice areas: criminal... - [Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer Shares Insights](https://versustexas.com/drunk-driving-accident-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer shares insights on these accidents and holding individuals responsible for the losses they cause. - [Collin](https://versustexas.com/collin/): If you need a Collin County attorney for a personal injury, criminal, or family lawyer, contact Varghese Summersett. - [Criminal](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/): If you or a loved one is facing a criminal case, call our. Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer today. - [Fathers Rights Lawyer in Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/family-law/fathers-rights/): Father's rights in Texas are laid out in the Family Code. There are a number of ways a man can be considered a father, including marriage to the mother or through a paternity proceeding or adoption. Learn about fathers rights in Texas. - [Package Theft](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/package-theft/): It is important to understand the penalties for package theft in Fort Worth and how a case may proceed. Call an experienced attorney today. - [Federal Kidnapping](https://versustexas.com/kidnapping/): Federal kidnapping carries up to a 25 - life sentence under 18 USC 3559. Call the federal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation - [Unlawful Restraint in Texas | Penal Code 20.02](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/unlawful-restraint/): Unlawful restraint in Texas is a usually a misdemeanor but can be up to a third degree felony depending on the facts. Learn more about this charge and defenses. - [Burglary Of A Coin-Operated Machine](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/coin-operated-machine/): If you have been investigated or arrested for burglary of a coin-operated machine in Fort Worth, call our criminal defense attorneys for legal help. - [Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/): Facing federal charges in Texas? Our federal defense team includes a former federal prosecutor and board-certified specialists across four offices. Free consult: (817) 203-2220. - [Burglary of a Habitation | Penal Code 30.02](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/habitation/): If you were charged with burglary of a habitation in Fort Worth, reach out to a lawyer to pursue the best possible outcome. - [Felony Forgery](https://versustexas.com/forgery/): Forgery in Texas ranges from a misdemeanor to a felony. 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Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Felony Tampering With Consumer Products](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/tampering-with-a-consumer-product/): Licking the ice cream lid can land you in prison for 2-20 years. This article explains Tampering With Consumer Products. - [A Guide to Protective Orders in Texas](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/protective-orders-in-texas/): A protective order is designed to protect people from abuse and often carries criminal consequences if violated. Learn about protective orders in Texas. - [Felony Family Violence in Texas](https://versustexas.com/felony-family-violence-lawyer/): If you've been accused of domestic abuse, it’s crucial to talk to a skilled Fort Worth felony family violence lawyer. Call for free consult." - [Gun Charges in Texas](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/gun-charges/): Gun charges in Texas are prosecuted aggressively. Call for a free consulation with an experienced Dallas gun lawyer today. 214-900-3220. - [Minor In Possession](https://versustexas.com/minor-in-possession-attorney/): If you or a family member is charged with minor in possession in North Texas, it's imperative to consult with an experienced minor in possession attorney. - [Possession of a Controlled Substance | Drug Possession Charges in Texas](https://versustexas.com/possession-of-a-controlled-substance/): Possession of a controlled substance in Texas can be a felony or misdemeanor based on the penalty group and amount. Learn more. - [Fort Worth Bail Bonds Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds-lawyer/): Here is everything you need to know about bail bonds in Texas. - [Athena Alert](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/athena-alert/): Maitlyn Gandy testified before a Texas House of Representatives committee in support of an "Athena Alert" - a missing child alert bill filed in memory of her slain daughter. - [DWI Accident Attorney Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/dwi-accident/): If you were injured or a loved one was killed by an intoxicated driver, call our Fort Worth DWI accident attorney today. - [Terroristic Threat in Texas | The Crime & Consequences](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/terroristic-threat/): Charged with a terroristic threat in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas terroristic threat lawyer. - [Aggravated Robbery](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/robbery/aggravated/): Aggravated kidnapping in Fort Worth is punishable by up to 99 years in prison. Call a defense lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar](https://versustexas.com/family-law/texas-standard-possession-calendar/): Here's the 2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar. Print it out for easy access so you'll always know when you have visitation with your kids. - [Federal Insurance Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/insurance/): Federal prosecutors are filing more federal insurance fraud cases in Fort Worth and in the Northern District of Texas. Call for a free defense consultation. - [Student Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/): Here are the top five offenses that may require a Fort Worth student defense lawyer. Schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett. - [TCU Disciplinary Hearings](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/tcu-disciplinary-hearings/): TCU disciplinary hearings are serious matters that could result in a student being removed from campus. It's best have an experienced attorney by your side. - [Hit and Run](https://versustexas.com/hit-and-run/): Charged with leaving the scene of an accident after a hit and run? Call a Fort Worth hit and run lawyer to discuss your legal options. - [Workout Machine Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/workout-machine-injuries/): If you were injured at a gym, call our Workout Machine Injury Lawyer for a free consultation. - [Propane Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/propane-accidents/): Propane accident can cause serious injuries and even death. Learn about how individuals and companies are held responsible by our propane accident lawyer. - [Assault By Choking Or Strangulation](https://versustexas.com/choking/): Impeding breath or strangulation is a third-degree felony in Texas. Call an attorney to build a defense against assault by choking charges in Fort Worth. - [Texas Oilfield Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-oilfield-accidents/): Were you injured or a loved one killed while working in a Texas oilfield? Call for a free consulation with an experienced Texas oilfield accident lawyer. - [Scaffolding Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/scaffolding-accidents/): Injured in a Texas scaffolding accident due to negligence? Speak to a Dallas-Fort Worth scaffolding accident lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Federal Sentencing in Firearms Cases](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/sentencing-in-firearms-cases/): Sentencing in federal firearms cases involves high mandator minimums. Contact Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Improper Relationship Between Educator And Student [TX]](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/educator-student/): Improper relationship between educator and student in Fort Worth carries up to a 20-year sentence. We have successfully defended these cases throughout Texas. - [Indecency With A Child By Exposure](https://versustexas.com/indecency-with-a-child-by-exposure/): Indecency with a Child by Exposure is a serious felony offense that, if convicted, will require registration as a sex offender. Learn more. - [Wrongful Death Claims | Wrongful Death Attorney Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death-claims/): If you lost a loved one due to the negligence of another, your may be considering a wrongful death claim. Here is what you need to know. - [Collin County Assault by Contact](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/assault-by-contact/): Arrested or ticket for assault by contact? Call for a free consultation with a Collin County assault by contact lawyer today. - [Collin County DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/dwi/): We have built a reputation for relentless, unwavering DWI defense. Call today for free consultation with a Collin County DWI lawyer. - [Southlake Family Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/): Our Southlake Family Lawyers are known for achieving exceptional results. Southlake divorce lawyer team that is known for exceptional results. - [Southlake Child Custody](https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/child-custody/): Experienced Southlake Child Custody Lawyer - Compassionate, Expert Legal Guidance for You and Your Children. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation. - [Southlake Child Support](https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/child-support/): Need help with a child support matter? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced Southlake child support lawyer. - [Southlake Collaborative Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/collaborative-divorce/): Seeking a collaborative divorce in Southlake or the surrounding area? 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Call today to find out how to keep it off your record. - [Westlake Divorce Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/westlake-divorce-lawyer/): Our Westlake divorce lawyers have decades of experience handles divorces in Tarrant and Denton Counties. Call 817-415-1575 for a consultation. - [Key Articles](https://versustexas.com/key-articles/) - [Natasha Walkup](https://versustexas.com/our-team/natasha-walkup/): Natasha Walkup is the pre-litigation supervisor in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, offering decades of experience and helpful guidance for clients - [Savanna Wyse](https://versustexas.com/our-team/savanna-wyse/): Savanna Wyse, an intake specialist at Varghese Summersett's personal injury division, offers compassionate support to those affected by negligence, guiding them through personal injury claims. - [Videos](https://versustexas.com/video-library/): Here are some of the standouts from our video library and quick links to the Varghese Summersett podcasts. - [Rear End Collisions](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rear-end-collisions/): Injured in a rear-end crash in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth rear-end collision lawyer. - [Andrew Goode](https://versustexas.com/our-team/andrew-goode/): Andrew Goode is the multimedia director at Varghese Summersett, where he is responsible for all video, audio, and production projects. - [Amputation Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/amputation-injuries/): An amputation injury is one of the most devastating types of injuries. It is hard for anyone other than the victim to understand the impact this has on their life. - [Child Grooming | Texas Penal Code Section 15.032](https://versustexas.com/child-grooming-in-texas/): The Texas legislature passed a child grooming law to combat sexual explotation and trafficking of children. Learn about Penal Code 15.032. - [Auto Theft](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-auto-theft/): Accused of stealing a car in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consulation with a Fort Worth auto theft lawyer. - [Pathways to Hope](https://versustexas.com/pathways-to-hope/): Pathways to HOPE (Helping Offenders Pursue Excellence) is a Tarrant County program that helps inmates successfully reintegrate into society upon release from jail. - [Texas Red and Yellow Light Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/traffic-light-accident-lawyer/): Our Varghese Summersett Fort Worth traffic light accident lawyer will help you sort through the legal process and fight for your deserved compensation. - [Child Support Enforcement](https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-support-enforcement/): Texas has a new child support enforcement law that allows judges to order parents to find a job or enroll in a community employment program. Learn more. - [Family Court Hearings](https://versustexas.com/family-law/family-court-hearings-in-texas/): There are numerous types of family court hearings, all of which serve different purposes. Here's an overview of the most common family court hearings in Texas. - [Assault Family Violence](https://versustexas.com/assault-family-violence-texas/): Assault family violence Texas can range from a Class C misdemeanor to serious felony offenses. Learn more about possible defenses. - [Emrey Mullins | Engagement Lead](https://versustexas.com/our-team/emrey-mullins/): Emrey Mullins is the Engagement Lead at Varghese Summersett, where she is responsible for the firm's sponsorships, scholarships and memberships. - [Leah Pfeil | Client Relations Specialist](https://versustexas.com/our-team/leah-pfeil/): Leah Pfeil is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients. - [Allison Martin](https://versustexas.com/our-team/allison-martin/): Allison Martin is a paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she works alongside Senior Counsel Nicole Carroll. - [Lamour Kongaika](https://versustexas.com/our-team/lamour-kongaika/): Lamour Kongaika is a senior paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she works with partner Wade L. Griffin, Jr. - [Amanda Delagrange](https://versustexas.com/our-team/amanda-delagrange/): Amanda Delagrange is a senior paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she works alongside attorneys Kristen Carr and Hailey Klingbeil. - [Carmen Griffith](https://versustexas.com/our-team/carmen-griffith/): Carmen Griffith is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she's responsible for client communications and case management. - [Morgan Hackwell](https://versustexas.com/our-team/morgan-hackwell/): Morgan Hackwell is a paralegal at the Fort Worth Divorce and Family Law Firm of Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - [Dallas Collin County Probation Violation](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/probation-violation/): Facing probation revocation in Collin County or the surrounding areas. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County probation violation lawyer. - [Collin County Intoxication Crimes](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/intoxication-crimes/): Intoxication charges can have long-term consequences. Call for a free consult with an experienced Collin County intoxication crimes lawyer. 817-203-2220 - [Collin County Marijuana Charges](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/marijuana/): Facing a marijuana charge in Collin County? Here's what you need to know. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with a skilled Collin County marijuana lawyer today. - [Felony Kidnapping in Texas | Penal Code 20.03](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/kidnapping/): Kidnapping in Texas is a third-degree felony punishable by 2-10 years in prison. - [Specified Unlawful Activity](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/specified-unlawful-activity/): Specified Unlawful Activity can be the basis for a whole host of federal charges. Learn everything you need to know about SUA here. - [Child Pornography Lawyer in Texas | Possession Defense Under PC 43.26](https://versustexas.com/possession-of-child-pornography-in-texas/): The possession of child pornography statute in Texas went through major revisions in September 2025. Here is the most comprehensive analysis of the child pornography statute. - [Sexting and Minors in Texas](https://versustexas.com/sexting-crime/): Understanding sexting laws in Texas: Is sexting a crime in Texas? Here are a number of ways that sexting can become a crime. - [Johnson County Jail | Inmate Search Information](https://versustexas.com/johnson-county-jail-information/): If you have a loved one arrested in Johnson County, they'll most likely get transported to Johnson County Jail. Learn more. - [Collin County Theft](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/theft/): Accused theft in Collin County? Don’t let it ruin your future. Call for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County theft lawyer. 817-203-2220. - [Tarrant County Diversion Programs](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/): Tarrant County Diversion Programs focus on rehabilitating instead of punishing defendants. Call today to find out if you are eligible. - [Fort Worth Sex Crimes Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sex-crimes-lawyer/): The Fort Worth sex crimes lawyer at Varghese Summersett will aggressively and compassionately defend your freedom, future, and reputation. Call or schedule online. - [Collin County Burglary of a Habitation](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/burglary-of-a-habitation/): Accused of burglarizing a house or business in Collin County? Our Collin County Burglary Of A Habitation Lawyer has advice on how to best protect yourself. - [In The News](https://versustexas.com/in-the-news/): Varghese Summersett is the go-to law firm for journalists seeking legal experts, commentary. Here's our lawyers in the news. - [Federal Appeals](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/appeals/): Our Fort Worth federal appeals lawyers at Varghese Summersett can help fight your case in appellate court. Schedule a free consultation. - [Sobriety Checkpoints | DWI Checkpoints in Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/sobriety-checkpoints/): Sobriety checkpoints in Texas are not legal. Our DWI/DUI defense attorneys are highly experienced. Schedule a free consultation today. - [Fort Worth Felony DWI Lawyer (DWI Third or More)](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/third-offense/): Charged with felony DWI Third or More in Fort Worth? Varghese Summersett's Tarrant County DWI team has tried nearly 200 intoxication cases. Free consult. - [Federal Tax Evasion](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/tax-evasion/): Not paying taxes is a federally prosecuted crime with significant punishment ranges. Call a Fort Worth tax evasion defense lawyer for help with your case. - [Federal Computer Crimes](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/computer-crimes/): Federal computer hacking charges carry up to a year in prison under 18 U.S.C. 1030. Consult with Varghese Summersett to mount an aggressive federal defense. - [Alex Thornton](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/alex-thornton/): Alex Thornton is an associate attorney at Varghese Summersett, where she focuse on misdemeanor and felony state criminal defense matters. - [Federal Money Laundering](https://versustexas.com/federal-money-laundering/): If you are facing federal money laundering charges, it's imperative to consult with an attorney experienced at handling white collar cases. - [Aggravated Promotion Of Prostitution](https://versustexas.com/aggravated-promotion-of-prostitution/): What is Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution in Texas? Through offenses like aggravated promotion of prostitution, Texas has come down hard on allegations of pimping. Aggravated promotion of prostitution in Texas is an offense in which a person is accused of running or helping run a prostitution business with at least two prostitutes. As of 2019,. - [Our Attorneys](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/): Meet our team of lawyers, drawn from the best and brightest attorneys in the Lone Star State. - [Results](https://versustexas.com/results/): At Varghese Summersett PLLC, we know that results matter. The best results avoid convictions, jail or prison time, and give you an opportunity to keep your record clean. - [Sexual Performance by a Child](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/performance/): Sexual Performance by a Child in Texas under Penal Code 43.25 is a serious felony accusation. Call us for help if you are facing allegations. - [DWI With A Deadly Weapon](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/deadly-weapon/): Felony DWI charges in Texas often carry deadly weapon enhancements if the driving could have caused serious injury or death. Schedule a free consultation. - [Transmitting An STD](https://versustexas.com/transmitting-an-std/): In Texas, intentionally or recklessly transmitting an STD or STI can constitute assault - and people have gone to prison for it. Learn more. - [Felony Employment Harmful To Children](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/employment/): If you were charged with employment harmful to children in Fort Worth, call an experienced attorney at Varghese Summersett. Free consultation - [Delivery Of Drugs To A Child](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/delivery-to-a-child/): If you have been charged with delivery of drugs to a child in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett. - [Rape Accusations](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/rape-accusation/): If you have been falsely accused of rape or sexual assault in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett for help. - [DWI Education Classes](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/education-classes/): What's the difference between DWI and DUI in Fort Worth? Call our experienced legal team today to learn the specifics of each charge and how we defend them. - [Burglary Of A Motor Vehicle](https://versustexas.com/burglary-of-a-vehicle-lawyer/): If you've been charged with Tarrant County burglary of a motor vehicle, it's important to contact a skilled defense lawyer right away. We can help. - [Seditious Conspiracy | Federal Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/seditious-conspiracy/): Members of a far-right militia group are facing seditious conspiracy for the Capitol insurrection. Learn about this obscure federal charge. - [Possession Of A Controlled Substance](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/possession/): Possession of a controlled substance in Texas can be a felony or misdemeanor based on the penalty group and amount. Learn more. - [Criminally Negligent Homicide | Texas Penal Code 19.05](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-homicide-lawyer/criminally-negligent/): What is criminally negligent homicide? What is the difference between criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter in Texas? - [Federal Illegal Reentry](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/illegal-reentry/): Federal illegal reentry can carry significant penalties in Fort Worth. To learn more about your legal options if you are facing charges, call us today. - [Assault Public Servant in Texas](https://versustexas.com/assault-public-servant/): If you have been charged with assault public servant in Texas or assault on a peace officer, give us a call. - [Shock Probation](https://versustexas.com/shock-probation-in-texas/): Shock probation in Texas: Are you eligible to have your prison sentence changed to probation? In certain cases, it can happen. Find out how. - [Fort Worth Drug Lawyer | Possession of a Controlled Substance Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/): Arrested for drug possession in Fort Worth? Our Board Certified drug lawyers defend possession of a controlled substance charges in Tarrant County. Call now. - [Anna Summersett](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/anna-summersett/): Anna Summersett is a partner at Varghese Summersett and a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist. She handled thousands of cases, from DWI to murder. - [Felony Organized Crime | Engaging in Organized Crime in Teaxs](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/organized-crime/): Engaging in organized crime in Fort Worth is a criminal charge that can be used to enhance the possible punishment for an offense significantly. - [State Jail Felonies | "Can I get a 12.44?"](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/state-jail-felonies/): Texas Penal Code Section 12.44 allows a state jail felony to be punished as a misdemeanor. Learn the difference between 12.44(a) and 12.44(b). - [Collin County Evading Arrest](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/evading-arrest/): Facing a charge of evading arrest in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with a Collin County evading arrest lawyer today. 817-203-2220 - [Psychosexual Evaluations](https://versustexas.com/psychosexual-evaluations/): People accused of sex crimes may be asked by their attorney to take a psychosexual evaluation. Find out how it could aid in their defense. - [Felon In Possession Of Firearm](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/felon-possession-firearm/): It's a federal crime for anyone with a felony conviction to carry or possess a gun of any kind. Learn about felon in possession of firearm. - [Can Police Interrogate a Minor Without a Parent in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/police-interrogate-a-minor/): Texas parents are usually shocked to hear about the ability for police interrogate a minor. Here's what you need to know about child interrogations. - [Official Oppression](https://versustexas.com/official-oppression/): Official oppression charges in Texas occur when people in power use their position to benefit themselves or harm another. Learn more. - [Bond Revocations And Forfeitures](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds-lawyer/forfeiture/): To avoid bond revocations and forfeitures in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation with the experienced lawyers at Varghese Summersett. - [Not Guilty By Reason Of Insanity](https://versustexas.com/not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity/): Not guilty by reason of insanity is a seldom-used defense that can be raised by mentally ill defendants who did not know their conduct was wrong. Learn more. - [Fort Worth DWI Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth DWI lawyers are the city's only Best Lawyers 2026 DWI honorees and were voted Best DWI Firm in Dallas. Board certified. Call 817-203-2220. - [Benson Varghese](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/benson-varghese/): Benson Varghese is the founder and Managing Partner of Varghese Summersett PLLC. Varghese Summersett has offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. - [New Criminal Laws In Texas](https://versustexas.com/new-criminal-laws-2021/): Here’s is your 2021 Legislative Update of criminal laws in Texas. - [What Countries You Can’t Go To With A DUI](https://versustexas.com/what-countries-you-cant-go-to-with-a-dui/): Did you know that you can't go to some countries with a DUI or DWI? Here's a list of What Countries You Can't Go to with a DUI - [Federal Sentencing Hearing](https://versustexas.com/federal-sentencing-hearing/): Are you or a loved one facing a federal sentencing hearing? Here's what you need to know to prepare for what is likely a very emotional day in court. - [Felony Tampering With Evidence](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/tampering-with-evidence/): Tampering with Evidence in Fort Worth is generally a felony punishable by prison time. Call an experienced attorney at Varghese Summersett today. - [New Texas Criminal Laws 2023](https://versustexas.com/2023-legislative-update/): Check out this 2023 legislative update, which highlights 50 of the most interesting or impactful Texas criminal laws passed or ammended during the 88th legislative sesssion - [ALR Hearing](https://versustexas.com/alr-hearing-texas/): If your license is on the verge of being suspended due to a DWI, check out these tips to win your ALR hearing. - [Caught with a Fake ID in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/fake-id/): Accused using a fake ID in Texas? Call to speak to a Fort Worth fake ID lawyer about the consequences of falsifying information. - [Online Impersonation](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/online-impersonation/): If you have been charged with online impersonation in Fort Worth, call us for a free consultation and possible defenses that apply. - [Interference With Emergency Telephone Calls](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/interference-with-emergency-calls/): Are you facing interference with an emergency telephone call charges in Fort Worth? Call our team of dedicated attorneys today for help. - [Obscene Display](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/obscene-display/): Obscene Display or Distribution in Fort Worth can carry serious punishments for a conviction. To learn more about your rights, call us today. - [Hoax Bombs](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/hoax-bombs/): Charged with hoax bombs? This accusation can carry serious consequences. Call Varghese Summersett and schedule a free consultation. - [Possession of Marijuana in Texas [HSC 481.121]](https://versustexas.com/possession-of-marijuana/): Possession of marijuana is still illegal in Texas. Learn how these cases can be won even in jurisdictions where marijuana charges are still filed. - [RICO Act Charges in North Texas | Federal Defense](https://versustexas.com/rico/): RICO Act charges in North Texas carry up to a 20 year sentence. Call for a free consult with federal criminal defense lawyer. 817-203-2220 - [Parker County Jail](https://versustexas.com/parker-county-jail-information/): Call our lawyers at 817-203-2220 for information about Parker County Jail & bond reductions. Our defense attorneys handle Tarrant County arrests & charges. - [Federal Gun](https://versustexas.com/gun/): Federal firearm violations carry a 30-year sentence under 18 USC 924. Call Varghese Summersett to consult regarding the illegal possession or sale of guns. - [What's the difference between Straight Probation in Texas and Deferred Adjudication?](https://versustexas.com/probation-in-texas/): Probation and deferred adjudication are similar but have key differences you must understand before considering accepting a plea to a criminal charge in Texas. - [Fort Worth DWI Second Offense Lawyer | DWI Misdemeanor Repetition](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/second-offense/): Charged with a second DWI (DWI Misdemeanor Repetition) in Fort Worth? Our Tarrant County DWI team has tried nearly 200 intoxication cases. Free consultation. - [Christy Jack](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/christy-jack/): Christy Jack is a nationally-recognized criminal defense attorney who has tried more than 200 cases before a jury during her legal career. - [Unauthorized Use Of A Motor Vehicle (UUMV)](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/uumv/): Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle or UUMV is Texas is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in State Jail. - [Community Resources](https://versustexas.com/community-resources/): We have put together the most useful of our community resources for you. - [Letty Martinez](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/letty-martinez/): Letty Martinez is an experienced defense attorney and Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist. She has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries. - [Lisa Herrick](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/lisa-herrick/): Lisa Herrick is a Partner at Varghese Summersett, where she specializes in juvenile law and complex cases involving minors and young adults. Lisa is Board Certified in Juvenile Law. - [What is federal obstruction of justice?](https://versustexas.com/federal-obstruction-of-justice/): There are 21 ways federal obstruction of justice charges can be filed. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with our federal defense attorney. - [Aggravated Sexual Assault vs. Sexual Assault PC 22.011 vs. PC 22.021](https://versustexas.com/aggravated-sexual-assault/): Aggravated sexual assault compared to sexual assault in Texas - understand the critical differences and how that may affect your case. - [Texas Abortion Law | Consequences for Doctors](https://versustexas.com/texas-abortion-law/): The Texas Abortion Law has been under scrutiny since it passed. Learn about the current status of the law and state-wide interpretation. - [Federal Structuring](https://versustexas.com/structuring/): If you have been arrested for federal structuring, contact our firm as soon as possible to understand how to best proceed under the circumstances. - [Intoxication Crimes](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-intoxication-crimes-lawyer/): Intoxication charges range from Class C public intox to 2nd-degree intoxication manslaughter. Speak to an intoxication crimes lawyer today. - [Federal Health Care Fraud Lawyer Dallas Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/healthcare/): The government is cracking down on suspected federal healthcare fraud in Fort Worth and throughout the Northern District of Texas. Call Varghese Summersett. - [Federal Securities Fraud](https://versustexas.com/securities-fraud/): Securities fraud carries up to 25 years in federal prison. Consult with our federal criminal defense lawyers to mount a strong defense. - [No Refusal](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/no-refusal-weekend/): Fort Worth and Tarrant County are now "No Refusal" all the time. Find out what this really means and what you should do if stopped for DWI. - [Federal Antitrust Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/antitrust/): Antitrust laws are codified under the Sherman Act and Clayton Act. Call our Fort Worth federal antitrust lawyer to book a free consultation. - [Federal Proffer Interviews](https://versustexas.com/proffer/): What is a proffer interview in a Fort Worth federal criminal case? Learn about the pros and cons and how to best proceed by reaching out to an attorney. - [Felony Aiding Suicide](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/aiding-suicide/): Aiding Suicide in Fort Worth can be a misdemeanor or felony depending on the conduct. Schedule a consultation with the defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett. - [Speeding](https://versustexas.com/arrested-for-speeding-texas/): Although you cannot be arrested for speeding in Texas, it's possible to to be charged with other crimes related to excessive speed such as reckless driving. - [Attorney Referrals](https://versustexas.com/attorney-referrals/): We are honored to accept attorney referrals for all types of personal injury cases in North Texas. Call 817-207-4878 (HURT). - [Felony Dog Fighting](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/dog-fighting/): Call a Fort Worth dog fighting lawyer if you have been charged with forcing animals to fight, which can be charged as a felony or misdemeanor - [Tiffany Burks](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/tiffany-burks/): Tiffany Burks is a Partner at Varghese Summersett, where she brings 24 years of trial experience handling some of Tarrant County's toughest cases. - [Possession Of Drug Paraphernalia](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/paraphernalia/): Possession of drug paraphernalia in Fort Worth is a Class C misdemeanor. To learn more and discuss your case with an attorney, call today. - [What is an Affidavit Of Non-Prosecution in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/affidavit-of-non-prosecution-in-texas/): An affidavit of non-prosecution in Texas is a sworn statement made by an alleged crime victim expressing their desire not to pursue criminal charges. Learn more. - [Possession in a Drug-Free Zone](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/possession/drug-free-zones/): Possession and distribution in a drug free zone increases the offense level by one degree in Texas. If you have a drug free zone (DFZ) enhancement, call today. - [Audrey Hatcher](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/audrey-hatcher/): Audrey Hatcher is an associate at Varghese Summersett, where she focuses on state and federal criminal defense. - [Fort Worth Juvenile Defense Lawyer (Board Certified)](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-juvenile-defense-lawyer/): Our Board Certified Fort Worth Juvenile Defense Lawyer Lisa Herrick is one of only 65 juvenile specialists in the State of Texas! 817-203-2220. - [Operation Of A Vehicle](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/operation-of-a-vehicle/): Texas laws on the "operation of a vehicle" in Fort Worth DWI cases are nuanced. The statute says nothing about driving. - [Boating While Intoxicated Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/boating-while-intoxicated/): Boating While Intoxicated in Fort Worth is a Class B Misdemeanor. Call Varghese Summersett to schedule a free consultation. - [Sexual Assault of a Child | Texas Penal Code Sections Sections 21, 22, 33, 43 et al.](https://versustexas.com/sexual-assault-of-a-child/): Sexual assault of a child and related offenses in Texas with corresponding Texas Penal Code sections. - [Ty Stimpson](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/ty-stimpson/): Ty Stimpson is a highly-regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett. Call 817-207-4878. - [This Law Firm Dropped the Mic with this Music Video](https://versustexas.com/law-firm-music-video/): Check out Varghese Summersett's one-of-a-kind law firm music video - and find out how CEO Benson Varghese is changing the face of law by thinking outside the box. - [Delivery Of Marijuana](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/delivery-of-marijuana/): Delivery of marijuana is a serious felony offense in Texas. If you're charged with delivery of marijuana in Fort Worth, call (817) 203-2220. - [Shantae Haymer](https://versustexas.com/our-team/shantae-haymer/): Shantae Haymer is a senior paralegal at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, where she assists our attorneys in all aspects of personal injury litigation. - [Criminal Statute Of Limitations in Texas](https://versustexas.com/statute-of-limitations/): The criminal statute of limitations is the period in which a prosecution can be initiated. Learn about the statute of limitations in Texas. - [Teenage Vaping In Texas | Punishment For THC & Tobacco](https://versustexas.com/teenage-vaping-in-texas/): Not only is teenage vaping in Texas illegal, but it can now land students in alternative school. This is a must-read for teenagers and their parents. - [Firearm While On Deferred Adjudication](https://versustexas.com/firearm-while-on-deferred/): Can you have a firearm while on deferred in Texas? Here’s what you need to know about Texas deferred adjudication and gun rights. - [Nondisclosure Of DWIs](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/nondisclosure/): If you are facing charges for driving while intoxicated, it can be helpful to understand the nondisclosure of DWIs in Fort Worth. - [Alex Iacomini](https://versustexas.com/our-team/alex-iacomini/): Alex Iacomini is a paralegal at the Fort Worth divorce and family law firm of Varghese Summersett. - [Murder vs. Manslaughter vs. Criminally Negligent Homicide](https://versustexas.com/difference-between-murder-manslaughter-and-criminally-negligent-homicide/): What's the difference between Murder vs. Manslaughter vs. Criminally Negligent Homicide in Texas? The answer revolves around the mental state of the actor. - [Federal Conspiracy](https://versustexas.com/conspiracy/): You can be charged with conspiracy even if you did not commit the underlying offense. Call our Fort Worth federal conspiracy lawyers for a consultation. - [DWI Probation In Texas](https://versustexas.com/dwi-probation-in-texas/): What does DWI probation in Texas involve? If you or loved one face DWI charges in North Texas, consult with a criminal defense attorney at Varghese Summersett. - [Burglary Of A Building](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/building/): Burglary of a building is a state felony in Fort Worth. Talk to an experienced attorney to learn more about building a defense for your case. - [Bresha Shepherd](https://versustexas.com/our-team/bresha-shepherd/): Bresha Shepherd is the Director of Intake at Varghese Summersett, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. - [Anna Summersett Makes Fort Worth’s Esteemed “40 Under 40” List](https://versustexas.com/40-under-40/): Attorney Anna Summersett, co-founder and partner of Varghese Summersett, has been named a Forty Under Forty by the Fort Worth Business Press. - [Federal Target Letter](https://versustexas.com/federal-target-letter/): If you received a federal target letter or are wondering what a federal target letter is, our Board Certified Criminal Lawyer lays out the comprehensive guide. - [Murder in Texas | Penal Code 19.02 | Not Guilty Verdicts](https://versustexas.com/murder/): Murder is a first degree felony in TX. The lawyers at Varghese Summersett are experienced trial lawyers ready mount an aggressive defense. Call to consult. - [Federal Gun Trafficking](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/trafficking/): Learn about federal gun trafficking laws in Fort Worth and the possible punishments if you have been charged with illegal firearm smuggling. - [Criminal Mischief](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/criminal-mischief/): If you were arrested for criminal mischief in Fort Worth, reach out to a lawyer who has experince these handling cases and can help build a strong defense. - [Hailey Klingbeil](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/hailey-klingbeil/): Hailey Klingbeil is an Associate at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation. - [Burglary](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/): If you were arrested for breaking and entering, you need a strong defense. Call a Fort Worth burglary lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a consultation. - [Disorderly Conduct](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/disorderly-conduct/): Disorderly conduct covers a broad range of offensive or reckless conduct. Call to speak to a Fort Worth disorderly conduct lawyer today. - [Arraignment in Texas](https://versustexas.com/arraignment-in-texas/): Facing an arraignment hearing? Here's what you need to know about arraignment in Texas. We'll guide you through the arraignment process in Texas. - [False Alarm](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/false-alarm/): False Alarm or Report in Fort Worth is a Class A misdemeanor carrying up to a year in jail., or a state jail felony for a false report of a school emergency. - [Doxing](https://versustexas.com/doxing-in-texas/): Doxing occurs when someone publishes private information about someone else online without their consent. Learn about the crime and consquences of doxing in Texas. - [Flying While Intoxicated](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/flying-while-intoxicated/): Flying while intoxicated in Fort Worth is a misdemeanor offense. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett to learn more. - [Varghese Summersett Named a 'Best Company to Work for in Fort Worth' for Fourth Consecutive Year](https://versustexas.com/best-company-to-work-for/): Varghese Summersett has been named a 2025 "Best Company to Work for in Fort Worth" by Fort Work Inc. magazine. Learn more about this prestigous honor. - [J. Turner Thornton](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/j-turner-thornton/): Turner Thornton is a highly-regarded family lawyer who leads Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation. - [Federal Wire Fraud | 18 U.S.C. § 1343 Explained](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/wire-fraud/): Federal Wire Fraud under 18 USC 1343 carries up to 20 years in prison. In this article we explain how this statute is applied and defended. - [Contact Visits For Texas Inmates](https://versustexas.com/contact-visits-for-texas-inmates/): Contact visits for Texas inmates at both jails and prisons have specific rules and regulations, including eligibility criteria, scheduling, and procedures. - [Federal Drug Charges](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/drugs/): Fort Worth federal drug charges can result in massive penalties upon a conviction. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett now. - [Abuse Of Official Capacity](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/abuse-of-capacity/): Have you been arrested for abuse of official capacity in Fort Worth? A lawyer at our firm could help to explain your rights and work to build a defense. - [Shoplifting](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/shoplifting/): A Fort Worth shoplifting lawyer could help you or a loved one fight back against allegations of taking property from a retail store. Reach out today. - [Federal Bankruptcy Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/bankruptcy/): Federal bankruptcy fraud is punishable by up to a 60 month sentence in federal prison under 18 USC 157. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [What Is Super Aggravated Sexual Assault Of A Child In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/super-aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/): If you or a loved one has been accused of super aggravated sexual assault of a child, it's imperative to contact an experienced defense attorney immediately. 817-203-2220 - [Bribery](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/bribery/): Bribery is generally a second degree felony in Texas and carries up to 20 years in prison for each act of bribery. Call us for a free defense consultation. - [Felony Manslaughter](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/manslaughter/): What's the difference between manslaughter and murder? Find out in this article. Manslaughter vs. Murder. Varghese Summersett (817) 203-2220. - [Julie Lystad](https://versustexas.com/our-team/julie-lystad/): Julie Lystad is an intake director in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. - [Felony Aggravated Kidnapping](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/kidnapping/aggravated/): Aggravated kidnapping in Fort Worth is punishable by up to 99 years in prison. Call a defense lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Interference With Police](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/police-interference/): In Texas, you can be arrested for interfering with the work of a police officer or even a police dog. Learn about Interference with Public Duties. - [Felony Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/): If you were arrested or are facing charges felony charges, retain an experienced Fort Worth felony lawyer from Varghese Summersett. - [Federal Human Trafficking](https://versustexas.com/human-trafficking/): Federal human trafficking charges can carry up to a life sentence. Consult with Varghese Summersett to fight these charges. - [Extortion](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-extortion-lawyer/): Accusations of blackmail or coercion are serious felonies. A Fort Worth extortion defense lawyer from Varghese Summersett can help. Call us today. - [Juvenile Shoplifting](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-shoplifting-defense/): Was your child arrested for shoplifting? You need a tough juvenile shoplifting defense lawyer. Contact Board Certified juvenile attorney Lisa Herrick. - [Texas State Jail Facilities](https://versustexas.com/texas-state-facilities/): There are 20 state jail facilities in Texas, which were designed to ease prison overcrowding. Here is the address and phone numbers for each facility. - [Can You Get Arrested for Unpaid Tolls in Texas? A Comprehensive Guide](https://versustexas.com/arrested-for-unpaid-tolls/): Can you get arrested for unpaid tolls in Texas? Not directly, but that doesn't mean not at all. Learn more. - [Felony 3G Offenses](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/3g-offenses/): 3G offenses in Texas carry special punishment and include murder, sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, trafficking, and kid cases. - [Northern District of Texas (NDTX): Judges, Courts & Divisions](https://versustexas.com/northern-district-of-texas/): A reference guide to the Northern District of Texas: current federal judges, the seven court divisions, U.S. Attorney, and courthouse locations. - [Warrants in Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/warrants-in-fort-worth/): It is important to understand difference between an arrest warrant and bench warrant in Fort Worth, and the process for how they are initiated. - [DWI Child Passenger | Penal Code 49.045](https://versustexas.com/dwi-child-passenger/): DWI Child Passenger is a felony driving while intoxicated charge in Texas alleging a passenger under 15 was in the car. Check out these defenses. - [Kate Daniel](https://versustexas.com/our-team/kate-daniel/): Kate Daniel is a paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, assisting attorneys with divorce, custody, and other family law matters. Call 817-203-2220. - [Juvenile First Offender Program](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-first-offender-program/): If your child has never before been in trouble with the law, they may be eligible for a juvenile first offender program. Call 817-203-2220 to speak with an experienced juvenile lawyer. - [Theft Of Government Property](https://versustexas.com/theft-of-government-property/): Accused of theft of government property? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced federal defense attorney. - [Identity Theft in Texas](https://versustexas.com/identity-theft/): Fort Worth Identity Theft Lawyer Identity theft is a serious crime in Texas that can carry severe consequences. Facing a... - [Indecent Assault](https://versustexas.com/indecent-assault-texas/): Did you know groping is illegal in Texas? It's called "indecent assault" and it can land you behind bars for a year. Learn more. - [Fraud Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/): An entire chapter of the Penal Code in Texas is devoted to fraud. Find out how our fraud lawyer defends these cases. - [Probation Revocation Lawyer | Motion to Revoke Defense](https://versustexas.com/revocation/): If you are facing a motion to revoke (MTR), you are facing a jail or prison sentence. Learn how to best defend yourself with our probation revocation lawyer. - [Juvenile Assault](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-assault-defense/): Child accused of misdemeanor assault in North Texas? Get the best juvenile assault defense. Call Attorney Lisa Herrick at 817-203-2220. - [Fort Worth Expunction Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-expunction-lawyer/): Need an expunction in Fort Worth? Board Certified attorneys at Varghese Summersett help clear your criminal record. Free consultation. Call today. - [Felony Abandoning or Endangering a Child in Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/abandoning/): Abandoning a Child and Endangering a Child are felony offenses in Texas ranging from a state jail felony to a second degree felony. Here are the best defenses. - [Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas | PC 22.021](https://versustexas.com/aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/): Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child is a serious first degree felony offense in Texas. Learn how we successfully defend these charges. - [Felony Bigamy](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/bigamy/): Were you charged with entering into a marriage while already being married? Call a Fort Worth bigamy lawyer at Varghese Summersett today. - [Indecent Exposure](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/indecent-exposure/): Indecent exposure is a Class B misdemeanor in Texas and carries up to 180 days in jail. Call for a free consultation & to discuss defenses to indecent exposure. - [Sale or Purchase of a Child in Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/sale-or-purchase/): Sale or Purchase of a Child in Texas is a serious felony offense. - [Kristen Carr](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/kristen-carr/): Kristen Carr is a Senior Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. She can be reached at (817) 900-3220. Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer. - [Solicitation of Prostitution in Texas: 6 Best Defenses](https://versustexas.com/solicitation-of-prostitution/): A first-time solicitation of prostitution charge is a felony in Texas. Consult an experienced solicitation of prostitution lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - [Small Business of the Year](https://versustexas.com/small-business-of-the-year/): Varghese Summersett has been named a 2023 “Small Business of the Year” by the Fort Worth Chamber, a distinguished award honoring exemplary small businesses. - [Fort Worth Sexual Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth sexual assault lawyer has successfully defended every level of sexual assault allegation. Call us at 817-203-2220. - [Dallas County Criminal Courts](https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-criminal-courts/): Dallas County Criminal Courts are located inside the Frank Crowley Courts Building, 133 N Riverfront Blvd, Dallas, TX 75207. Criminal Courts in Dallas. - [Credit Card Fraud](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/credit-card/): Credit card fraud is a felony in Texas. Call a Fort Worth credit card fraud lawyer today for a free consultation. - [Self Checkout Theft](https://versustexas.com/self-checkout-theft-in-texas/): Facing charges of self checkout theft in Fort Worth? Call the criminal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Felony Arson](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/arson/): Committing arson in Fort Worth can be charged as a second or first degree felony. Schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett. - [Anger Management In Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/acc-anger-control-counseling/): You may be asked to take ACC (Anger Control Counseling) by your attorney. Learn where you can take ACC in the Tarrant and Dallas area. ACC Anger Management. - [Injury to a Child in Texas | Penal Code 22.04](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/): Injury to a Child in Texas is codified in Penal Code 22.04 and covers any mental state and both bodily injury and serious bodily injury. - [Sexual Assault of a Minor Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/): Sexual assault of a minor can be alleged a number of ways in Texas. Learn about the possible defenses. - [Misdemeanor Charges in Texas | Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/): A misdemeanor can be punished by a fine or up to a year in county jail. Call a Fort Worth misdemeanor lawyer for help. - [Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation Program](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-deferred-prosecution-probation/): If your child is accused of an offense but never before been in trouble, they may be eligible for Tarrant County's Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation program. - [Tarrant County 323rd District Court](https://versustexas.com/323rd-district-court/): If your child has been accused of a crime in Tarrant County, their case will be heard in Tarrant County 323rd District Court - our juvenile court. - [Fort Worth Assault by Contact Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/assault-by-contact/): Don't let a Fort Worth assault by contact charge ruin your reputation and record. Call for a free consultation with an experienced lawyer. - [Laura Richardson](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/laura-richardson/): Laura Richardson is an Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call (817) 900-3220 to speak with an experienced Fort Worth divorce lawyer. - [BIPP Tarrant County | Where to Take Classes](https://versustexas.com/bipp-tarrant-county/): Where can I take a BIPP Class in Tarrant County? BIPP Tarrant County | Battering Intervention and Prevention Program - [Texas Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/credit-debit-card-abuse/): Our attorneys could help if you were charged with Texas Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse. Call us today to learn more about your legal options. - [Panhandling](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/panhandling/): While there is no state law prohibiting panhandling in Texas, many cities have ordinances banning the practice. Learn more. - [Federal Sex Crimes](https://versustexas.com/sex-crimes/): A host of sexual offenses are prosecuted federally and can carry up to a life sentence. For an aggressive federal defense, call Varghese Summersett today. - [False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/false-statement/): Understanding False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit in Texas. Our Fort Worth criminal defense lawyer explains the charge an defenses. - [Tarrant County Drug Tests](https://versustexas.com/drug-tests/): Here are some information about drug testing and locations you can take a drug test for your court case in Tarrant County. - [Wise County Criminal Courts](https://versustexas.com/wise-county/): If you have been arrested in Wise County for a serious offense, we are here to help. Learn more about our Wise County Criminal Defense Attorneys. - [Careers at Varghese Summersett](https://versustexas.com/careers/): At Varghese Summersett, we are more than just a team. We're a family. Hear first-hand why the attorneys and staff love working at this fast-paced, modern law firm. - [Extradition](https://versustexas.com/extradition/): Extradition is a complex process in which a person accused of a crime is surrendered to another county or state. Learn more. - [Jury Sequestration](https://versustexas.com/jury-sequestration/): Jury sequestration is rare, but judges may order it in sensational, high-profile criminal trials. Find out why. - [County Jail Time Credit Calculator](https://versustexas.com/county-jail-time-credit-calculator/): The County Jail Time Credit Calculator allows users to quickly calculate city and county time credits using day-for-day, two-for-one, and three-for-one formulas. - [Stephanie Sabelhaus](https://versustexas.com/attorneys/stephanie-sabelhaus/): Stephanie Sabelhaus is a Senior Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call (817) 900-3220 to speak with an experienced Fort Worth divorce lawyer. - [BAC Calculator | Blood Alcohol Level Calculator](https://versustexas.com/blood-alcohol-concentration-calculator/): Remember to use blood alcohol concentration calculators with caution. Even under the best of circumstances, they only provide estimates for your BAC. - [Texas Juvenile Records: Who Has Access? Can They Be Sealed?](https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-records/): Texas has a process that allows for automatic sealing of juvenile records when certain requirements are met. Here's what you need to know about Texas juvenile records. - [Payment](https://versustexas.com/payment/): Make a payment on your case or on behalf of a client here. All payments are processed through Authorize.net, a very secure payment processor - [Texas Juvenile Intake Process: What Happens When a Minor is Taken into Custody?](https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-intake-process/): When a child is taken into custody, they will undergo a juvenile intake process. Here's what you need to know. - [Are Texas juvenile hearings open to the public?](https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-hearings/): Texas juvenile hearings are open unless the child is under age 14 - or the judge closes the proceedings. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with a juvenile attorney. - [Keeping A Gambling Place In Texas](https://versustexas.com/keeping-a-gambling-place-in-texas/): Arrested for keeping a gambling place in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - [Tarrant County Parenting Classes](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-parenting-classes/): When parents are embroiled in a divorce or child custody case in Tarrant County, a judge may order them to attend Tarrant County parenting classes. Learn more. - [Homicide](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-homicide-lawyer/): There are four different offenses that are considered unlawful killings. Call an experienced Fort Worth homicide lawyer for help if you have been charged. - [Tarrant County IV-D Court](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-iv-d-court/): If you live in Tarrant County and received a citation to appear in Tarrant County IV-D Court, it's important to take it seriously and consider hiring an attorney. - [Kayleigh Conley](https://versustexas.com/our-team/kayleigh-conley/): Kayleigh Conley is an Intake Specialist at Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, serving as the first point of contact for individuals seeking help after accident or injury. - [Tarrant County Family Court](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-family-court/): The Tarrant County Family Court is located at 200 Weatherford Street in Fort Worth. - [Tarrant County’s Juvenile Diversion Programs](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-juvenile-diversion-programs/): Tarrant County's juvenile diversion programs focus on rehabilitation, treatment, and counseling, rather than traditional punishment for youth offenders. Learn more. - [Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-juvenile-detention/): Is your child been taken to the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center? Call for a free consultation with a board certified juvenile defense attorney. 817-203-3220. - [What is Bank Jugging in Texas? | New Felony Offense](https://versustexas.com/bank-jugging/): In recent years, a crime trend called "bank jugging" or "jugging" has surged in popularity. Learn about this scheme, including charges and potential penalties. - [Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-first-responder-diversion-program/): If are a first-responder in Tarrant County and were recently arrested, you may be eligible for the Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program. Learn more. - [Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI)](https://versustexas.com/deferred-prosecution-initiative/): Out attorneys can maximize your chances of getting into the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI). Call for free consultation. - [Misdemeanor Assault](https://versustexas.com/misdemeanor-assault-texas/): The punishment for Texas misdemeanor assault charges can range from a ticket to up to a year in jail. Call for a free attorney consultation. - [Pay Later](https://versustexas.com/pay-later/): If you would like to use the “Pay Later” option through Affirm, click here: Learn more about paying later through Affirm. Video: How to Use Affirm to Finance Your Legal Fee - [Tarrant County Court Parking](https://versustexas.com/parking-for-tarrant-county-court/): If you have court in Tarrant County or have been called as a juror to Tarrant County, here is what you need to know about Tarrant County Court Parking. - [Tarrant County YODA Program](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/yoda/): Your case could be dismissed after successfully completing the Tarrant County YODA program. Call today for free attorney consultation. - [Name In A Drug Dealer’s Phone](https://versustexas.com/name-in-drug-dealers-phone/): What happens if the police find your name in a drug dealer's phone? We tell you what we've learned from defending hundreds of drug cases." - [Tarrant County RISE Program](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/rise/): Have struggles with addiction or abuse lead to arrests for prostitution? The Tarrant County RISE program could be right for you. - [Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/mental-health/): We have had great success helping clients get admitted into the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program. Call for free consultation. - [Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program (FODP)](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/fodp/): Our attorneys have successfully guided individuals through the Tarrant Count First Offender Drug Program (FODP). Call today for a free consultation. - [Tarrant County Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP)](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/faip/): We've had clients successfully enter Tarrant County FAIP with exceptional results. Call today to find out how we can help you (817) 203-2220. - [Tarrant County DWI Court](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/dwi-court/): Our clients have had exceptional results after being referred to the Tarrant County DWI Court Program. Call today for a free consult. - [Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program (DPP)](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/dpp/): Our attorneys can maximize your chances of getting into the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program. Call for free consultation - [Marijuana DWI](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/marijuana/): Charged with DWI while high on marijuana? Call a Fort Worth Driving While Intoxicated - Marijuana lawyer for a free consultation. - [Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program](https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/domestic-violence-diversion/): Your case could be dismissed after completing the Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion program. Call today for free attorney consult. - [TAIP Assessment](https://versustexas.com/taip-assessment/): TAIP is a tool designed to assess the needs of individuals with possible substance abuse issues that can be corrected offering a pathway to rehabilitation. - [Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship](https://versustexas.com/down-syndrome-scholarship/): The deadline to apply for the Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship is April 1, 2027. This cause is especially close to our hearts. - [2025 Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship](https://versustexas.com/criminal-justice-changemaker-scholarship/): The Varghese Summersett Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship is awarded to incoming or current law school students. Apply now. - [Community Involvement Varghese Summersett Scholarships](https://versustexas.com/community-involvement/): In 2022, we are offering a criminal justice scholarship and two special needs scholarships. Learn more about Varghese Summersett annual scholarships. - [Bail Bonds](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds/): Bail bonds in Texas allow you to get out of jail while the case is pending. You can post your own bond, be released on personal recognizance or use a bondsman. - [Varghese Summersett Autism Scholarship 2027](https://versustexas.com/autism-scholarship/): We believe in giving back to the community, especially with causes that we hold close to our hearts. Apply for the Varghese Summersett Autism Scholarship today. - [Defending Medical Child Abuse Cases [Munchausen by Proxy]](https://versustexas.com/medical-child-abuse/): Accused of medical child abuse in North exas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - [Interfering with Flight Crew Charges](https://versustexas.com/interfering-with-a-flight-crew/): Interfering with a flight crew is a federal crime that officials don't take lightly. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced federal defense attorney. - [Impersonating a Public Servant](https://versustexas.com/impersonating-a-public-servant/): Facing charges of impersonating a public servant? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. 817-203-2220. - [Obstruction or Retaliation Charges](https://versustexas.com/obstruction-or-retaliation-charges/): Facing obstruction or retaliation charges? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. 817-203-2220. - [Nondisclosure of Criminal Records In Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-nondisclosure/): Nondisclosure of criminal records in Texas is a powerful took to seal an arrest from appearing in most records. Fort Worth Nondisclosure attorney explains. - [Online Solicitation Of A Minor Explained | Penal Code 33.021](https://versustexas.com/online-solicitation-of-a-minor/): Online Solicitation of a Minor is a third degree felony in Texas, but do you know when it can be filed as a second degree felony? Find out! - [Fort Worth Cyberbullying Lawyer | Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-cyberbullying-lawyer/): If you or your child is accused of cyberbullying, you must consult a top Fort Worth cyberbullying lawyer as soon as possible. Call Varghese Summersett now. - [Deadly Conduct Conduct](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/deadly-conduct/): Were you or a loved one accused of deadly conduct in North Texas? Call for a free consulation with a Dallas deadly conduct lawyer. 214-903-4000. - [What is Child Endangerment in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-child-endangerment-lawyer/): Child endangerment in Texas is a felony ranging from a state jail felony to second degree felony. Call our Fort Worth child endangerment lawyer for a free consultation. - [Protective Orders vs. Restraining Orders In Texas](https://versustexas.com/protective-orders-in-texas/): Protective orders in Texas and Restraining Orders in Texas are not the same. There are more than one type of each. Here's what you need to know. - [Community Service in Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/community-service-in-tarrant/): Need to complete community service in Fort Worth? Here's a list of non-profit organizations where can do community service In Tarrant County. - [Domestic Violence](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-domestic-violence-lawyer/): Domestic violence ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to 1st degree felony. Call for a free consult with a Fort Worth domestic violence defense lawyer. - [Aggravated Assault With A Deadly Weapon | Penal Code 22.02](https://versustexas.com/aggravated-assault-with-a-deadly-weapon/): Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon Texas is second degree felony (2-20 years). We defend aggravated assault deadly weapons charges. - [Melody McDonald Lanier](https://versustexas.com/our-team/melody-mcdonald-lanier/): Melody McDonald Lanier is the Chief Content Officer at Varghese Summersett PLLC. - [Fort Worth Intoxication Manslaughter | Penal Code 49.08](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-manslaughter/): Intoxication manslaughter is a second degree felony in Texas. Our Fort Worth intoxication manslaughter lawyer is unmatched in their experience and results. - [Violation Of A Protective Order](https://versustexas.com/violation-of-a-protective-order/): Violation of a Protective Order in Texas can be filed as a misdemeanor or a felony offense in Texas. What are the differences and defenses? - [Harassment In Texas](https://versustexas.com/harassment-in-texas/): Harassment in Texas is defined in Penal Code 42.07. This misdemeanor has been challenged constitutionally. - [Assault Bodily Injury | Penal Code 22.01](https://versustexas.com/assault-bodily-injury-texas/): Assault Bodily Injury Texas cases are prosecuted aggressively in Fort Worth and throghout Tarrant County. Find out how to beat these allegations. - [Romeo And Juliet Law](https://versustexas.com/romeo-and-juliet-law-in-texas/): The Romeo and Juliet law may protect young adults or teenagers from posecution if they are within three years of age and willingly engage in sexual conduct. - [Insurance Fraud](https://versustexas.com/insurance-fraud/): If you are charged with insurance fraud in Texas, here's what you need to know to best defend yourself against these serious accusations. - [What Is Minor In Consumption in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/minor-in-consumption/): If you or your child is facing a minor in consumption charge, don't delay. Contact a top minor in consumption attorney at Varghese Summersett immediately. - [Federal Drug Conspiracy Charges](https://versustexas.com/federal-drug-conspiracy-charges/): Facing federal drug conspiracy charges in Fort Worth, Dallas or surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with a top federal defense attorney. - [What is Criminal Contempt of Court in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/criminal-contempt-of-court/): Are you or a loved one facing a contempt of court charge? If so, call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top North Texas contempt of court lawyer. 817-203-2220 - [What is Competency to Stand Trial in the Texas legal system?](https://versustexas.com/competency-to-stand-trial/): Is competency to stand trial an issue in your case? Contact Varghese Summersett to consult with a top competency defense lawyer. - [Falsifying A Drug Test](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/falsifying-drug-test/): If you are facing allegations of falsifying a drug test in Fort Worth, contact one of our experienced attorneys today. Call 817-230-2220 - [Assault in Texas | Penal Code Sections 22.01 and 22.02](https://versustexas.com/assault-in-texas/): Texas assault charges can range from a Class C ticket to a first-degree felony punishable by life in prison. Call for a free consultation. - [Deadly Weapon In A Penal Institution](https://versustexas.com/deadly-weapon-in-a-penal-institution/): Jail and prison officials often recover makeshift weapons from inmates. Find out the law and consequences of having a deadly weapon in a penal institution. - [Is Graffiti Illegal in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/texas-graffiti-laws/): Here's the answer to "Is graffiti illegal in Texas?" Graffiti is illegal in Texas if you don't have the property owner's permission. - [Sex Offender Registration](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sex-crimes-lawyer/sex-offender-registration/): Registration as a sex offender in Fort Worth could limit many of your rights. Read on to understand Sex Offender Registration in Texas. - [Ghost Guns](https://versustexas.com/ghost-guns-in-texas/): If you have been on social media or following the news, you've probably heard the term "ghost guns." Here's what you need to know. - [Deadly Conduct](https://versustexas.com/deadly-conduct/): Deadly conduct is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail. Call to consult with a Fort Worth deadly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summerset. - [Subpoenas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-subpoena-lawyer/): When people receive a criminal subpoena, they often want to know if they can refuse to testify. Call a Fort Worth subpoena lawyer to learn more. - [Trespass by Gun Holder](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/trespass-by-gun-holder/): The Trespass by Holder of License to Carry Concealed Handgun can carry serious consequences. Call (817) 203-2220 for the firm with experience. - [Court Objections](https://versustexas.com/court-objections/): During criminal proceedings, attorneys frequently stand up and make objections. But what do they mean? Here's an explainer on common criminal court objections. - [Stalking in Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-stalking-lawyer/): Stalking is a third-degree felony punishable by 2-10 years in prison. Learn about the developments in case law around Penal Code 42.072. - [Discharge Of A Firearm](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/discharge-of-a-firearm/): Discharge of firearm in certain municipalities can carry serious consequences. Call today to speak with a Fort Worth defense attorney. - [Identity Theft](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/identity-theft/): Identity theft ranges from a state jail to a first degree felony in Texas based on the number of pieces of identifying information alleged to have been stolen. - [Varghese Summersett Newsroom: Legal News Texans Can Count On](https://versustexas.com/newsroom/): The Varghese Summersett Newsroom is the home for local legal news you can count on in Texas. - [Electronic Transmission Of Visual Material Depicting A Minor](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/electronic-transmissions/): Underage sexting or the electronic transmission of certain visual material depicting a minor in Fort Worth is a misdemeanor. Call for a free consultation. - [Gun Rights Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-gun-lawyer/): Illegal possession or use of a firearm can result in jail and even prison time in Texas. Free consultations are available with our Fort Worth gun lawyer. - [Federal Mail Fraud | 18 USC 1341](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/mail-fraud/): Our top federal criminal defense lawyer explains what mail fraud is in the federal system and how 18 USC 1341 works. - [Federal Fraud Charges: Statutes, Penalties & Defenses](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/): Federal fraud charges explained — statutes, Sentencing Guidelines, defenses, and what to do if you receive a target letter. - [Price Tag Switching](https://versustexas.com/switching-price-tags/): Facing price tag switching charges in Fort Worth? Call the criminal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Failure To Identify](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/failure-to-identify/): You might be surprised to find out you don't always have to identify yourself. What happens if you lie about your identity? - [Trespassing | Criminal Trespass in Texas](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/trespassing/): Criminal trespass is generally a Class B misdemeanor in Texas. Learn about criminal trespass and notice of trespass. - [Federal Public Corruption](https://versustexas.com/public-corruption/): If you are facing allegations of corruption or bribery in Fort Worth, call to speak with an attorney about federal public corruption charges. - [Federal Mortgage Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/mortgage-fraud/): Accused of federal mortgage fraud? Call 817-203-2220 today for a consultation with an experienced federal criminal defense attorney. - [Juvenile Adjudication](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-adjudication-hearing/): A juvenile adjudication hearing is a trial in which a judge or jury decide whether a juvenile committed a crime in Texas. - [What Happens When a Juvenile is Charged Capital Murder in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-capital-murder-charges-in-texas/): Child facing a juvenile capital murder charge in North Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with Board Certified Juvenile Attorney Lisa Herrick. - [Juvenile Certification](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-certification-in-texas/): Is your child facing juvenile certification in Tarrant County? Call 817-203-2220 today to speak with an experienced, board certified juvenile defense attorney. - [Juvenile Detention Hearing](https://versustexas.com/juvenile-detention-hearing/): Is your child in custody and facing a juvenile detention hearing in Fort Worth or Dallas? Call 817-203-220 for a free consultation with a Board Certified Juvenile Defense Attorney. - [Animal Cruelty in Texas | Penal Code 42.09 and 42.092 Explained](https://versustexas.com/animal-cruelty-in-texas/): Cruelty to animals in Texas ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to a state jail felony based on the type if animal and nature of alleged abuse. Animal cruelty defense. - [Federal Fraudulent Investment Scams](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/investment-scams/): Fraudulent investment scam prosecutions are on the rise in Fort Worth. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation to mount an aggressive defense. - [Failure To Appear: What Happens if You Skip Court?](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-failure-to-appear-lawyer/): Missing a court date can result in a warrant and bond forfeiture. Our Fort Worth attorneys can help you avoid or resolve the warrant for failure to appear. - [Federal False Statements](https://versustexas.com/false-statements/): Lying to federal agents can lead to criminal charges. Learn more about Federal False Statements in Fort Worth and how to proceed if you've been charged. - [Federal Bank Robbery](https://versustexas.com/bank-robbery/): Federal bank robbery in Fort Worth can be punished by 10 years to life in prison. Call Varghese Summersett to learn more. Free consultations. - [Federal Contractor Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/contractor/): It could be crucial to understand how Fort Worth federal contractor fraud cases are alleged, prosecuted, and what defense attorneys must do. - [Manufacturing Or Delivery Of A Controlled Substance | HSC 481.112 et seq.](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/manufacture-delivery-controlled-substance/): Manufacture Delivery Controlled Substance Texas enhances simple possession and results in much higher punishment ranges. Learn more about the charge and defenses. - [Federal Tax Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/tax/): Federal tax fraud carries up to 5 years in prison. Contact the lawyers at Varghese Summersett to mount am aggressive defense. - [Tampering With A Government Record](https://versustexas.com/tampering-with-a-government-record/): Accused of tampering with a government record in Fort Worth? Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced criminal defense lawyer. - [Federal Bank Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/bank/): Federal bank fraud under 18 USC 1344 carries up to 30 years in prison. Mount an aggressive defense with Varghese Summersett. Call for a free consultation. - [Why Us](https://versustexas.com/why-us/): Why Us? Find out why Varghese Summersett has become the go-to law firm in Texas for criminal defense, family law, and personal injury cases. - [Fort Worth Prostitution Lawyer | Sting Operation Defense](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-prostitution-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth Prostitution Lawyer explains the difference between prostitution and solicitation of prostitution in Texas. - [Federal Pill Mill](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/drugs/pill-mill/): Doctors have become prosecution targets due to the opioid crisis. Call a Fort Worth federal defense lawyer if facing pill mill allegations. - [Compelling Prostitution Of A Minor [TX]](https://versustexas.com/compelling-prostitution-of-a-minor/): If you or a family member is being investigated for compelling prostitution of a minor, you need the counsel of a top Fort Worth child prostitution lawyer. - [Continuous Sexual Assault Child](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/continuous/): Continuous Sexual Assault Child in Fort Worth is a felony offense carrying a punishment of 25 years to life, and no probation in Texas. - [Incest](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/incest/): Learn about Prohibited Sexual Conduct in Texas: laws preventing incest and outlining legal ramifications for familial sexual relationships. - [Dallas Impersonating a Public Servant](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/impersonating-public-servant/): Are you or a family member facing impersonating a public servant charges? Call a top Dallas criminal defense attorney at Varghese Summersett at 214-903-4000. - [Dallas Fraud Lawyer | Texas Fraud Defense Attorney](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/fraud-defense-lawyer/): Facing fraud charges in Dallas? Our criminal defense attorneys have secured dismissals in complex fraud cases. Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with our Dallas fraud lawyer. - [Dallas Driving Without a License](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/driving-without-license/): If you are cited for driving with a suspended or revoked license, contact Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas driving without a license attorney. - [Dallas Gang & Organized Crime](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/gang-organized-crime/): Accused of a gang crime in Dallas? Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas gang lawyer. 214-903-4000 - [Federal Supervised Release Revocation](https://versustexas.com/federal-supervised-release-revocation/): Have you been accused of violating terms of your federal supervised release? Call our top North Texas federal supervised release revocation lawyer at 214-900-3220. - [Dallas Forgery](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/forgery/): Forgery in Texas - the law changed in 2023. Learn more about forgery charges and defenses. Dallas Forgery Defense. - [Dallas Failure to Appear](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/failure-to-appear/): Missing a court date is likely going to compound your legal problems. If this is you, promptly contact a Dallas failure to appear lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - [Resisting Arrest](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/resisting-arrest/): Are you facing charges or resisting arrest in Fort Worth? Contact an experienced attorney to aggressively defend you and protect your rights. - [Whiplash](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/whiplash-injuries/): Get the compensation you deserve with a Fort Worth Whiplash Injury Lawyer from Varghese Summersett. Call us today to set up a complimentary consultation. - [Neck Injury Lawyer | Varghese Summersett | (817) 207-4878](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/neck-injuries/): Get the compensation you deserve for your neck injury. Call the experienced neck injury lawyer at Varghese Summersett today: (817) 207-4878 for a free consult. - [Parking Lot Accident Lawyer [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/parking-lot-accidents/): Injured in a parking lot accident in Fort Worth, Dallas, or surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth parking lot accident lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT) - [Dallas Theft Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/theft/): A theft conviction can have a long-lasting impact on your future. Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas theft lawyer. 214-903-4000 - [Eye Injuries | Eye Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/eye-injuries/): Suffering from an eye injury or vision loss due to someone's negligence in North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consult with a Fort Worth eye injury lawyer. - [Dallas Misdemeanors](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/misdemeanors/): Arrested for a misdemeanor offense in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 to speak with a Dallas misdemeanor lawyer today. - [Product Liability](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/product-liability/): Injured due to a defective product in Fort Worth or North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth product liability lawyer. - [Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Attorney](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rideshare-accidents/): Our Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Attorney explains what makes rideshare accidents different and what you need to do if you are injured in a rideshare like Uber or Lyft. - [Uninsured Motorist Claims](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/uninsured-motorist-claims/): Our Fort Worth uninsured motorist claims lawyer will help navigate insurance laws to recover compensation after a wreck with an uninsured driver. Call today. - [Terroristic Threat | Penal Code 22.07](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/terroristic-threat/): Facing terroristic threat charges in Texas? Call today for a free consultation with one of our experienced lawyers - [Texas Premises Liability Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/premises-liability/): Our Premises Liability Lawyer explains how a property owner may be liable of injury or losses that occur depending on the class of invitee of guest. - [Dallas Improper Teacher Student Relationship](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/improper-teacher-student-relationship/): Accused of an improper teacher student relationship? Call for a free consultation with a Dallas lawyer: 214-903-4000 - [Understanding Spinal Cord Injuries | Texas Spinal Cord Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/spinal-cord-injuries/): Our guide to understanding spinal cord injuries and the path to recovery. If you have a spinal cord injury due to someone else's negligence, call us for a free consultation. - [Dallas Expunction Lawyer | Expunging Criminal Records](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/expunction/): Want to erase your criminal record? Speak to a Dallas expunction lawyer today and find out if you are eligible to have your record expunged. 214-903-4000. - [FAQs](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/faqs/): Here are some answers to Personal Injury FAQs in Texas. We answer the most commonly asked personal injury and wrongful death questions. - [Farm and Ranch Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/farm-and-ranch-injuries/): Were you injured or a loved one killed in a farm or ranch accident? Call for a free consulation with a Texas farm and ranch injury lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT) - [Dallas Nondisclosure Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/nondisclosures/): Arrest showing up on routine background checks? Talk to a Dallas Nondisclosure lawyer today to see if you can seal your criminal record. 214-903-4000 - [Answers For Athena](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/answers-for-athena/): Athena Strand, 7, was found dead on December 2, two days after a FedEx driver kidnapped and killed her. Submit tips to our Answers For Athena page. - [Traumatic Brain Injuries](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/traumatic-brain-injuries/): Learn about the most common causes of traumatic brain injuries in car accidents and personal injury cases and how to protect yourself. - [Public Intoxication](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/public-intoxication/): Arrested for public intoxication in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas public intoxication lawyer. - [Self Driving Car Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/self-driving-car-accidents/): Varghese Summersett's Fort Worth self driving car accident lawyer will protect your rights and fight for your deserved compensation. Call today at 817-207-4878. - [ATV Accidents Lawyer [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/atv-accidents/): ATV accidents are far too common. Our ATV accident lawyer in Texas put this guide together to help you if the worst should happen. - [Robbery](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/robbery/): if you have been accused of stealing another person's property by threatening harm, you should speak with a Fort Worth robbery lawyer right away. - [Dallas Stalking](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/stalking-defense/): Accused of stalking in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Dallas stalking lawyer at 214-903-4000. - [Burn Injuries](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/burn-injuries/): Were you or a loved one burned in Fort Worth or the surrounding areas due to someone's negligence? Speak to our Texas burn injury lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Car Accident Passenger Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/car-accident-passenger-lawyer/): Injured as a passenger in a Fort Worth car accident? Our car accident passenger lawyers fight to protect your rights and seek fair compensation. Call us today. - [Dallas Possession of Marijuana](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/possession-of-marijuana/): Arrested for possession of marijuana in Dallas? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas marijuana lawyer. 214-903-4000 - [Fault in a U-Turn Accident | U-Turn Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/fault-in-a-u-turn-accident/): Who is at fault in a u-turn accident? Learn about how liability is determined in a u turn accident. Call us today at 817-207-4878. - [Dallas Homicide](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/homicide/): Nothing is more serious than being accused of causing the death of a person. Call for a free consult with a Dallas homicide lawyer today. 214-903-4000 - [Rollover Accident Lawyer [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rollover-accidents/): Get the compensation you deserve after a rollover accident in Fort Worth. Contact our experienced attorneys to seek justice after rollover accidents. - [Airbag Injury Lawyer Serving All Of Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/fort-worth-airbag-injury-lawyer/): Fort Worth Airbag Injury Lawyer: Get expert legal help for airbag injury claims in Texas. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-207-4878 for a free consultation. - [Catastrophic Injury Lawyer in Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/catastrophic-injuries/): Experienced Fort Worth catastrophic injury lawyer. Helping clients receive the compensation they deserve. Call (817) 207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation. - [Tesla Car Accident Lawyer [TX]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/tesla-car-accidents/): Injured in a self-driving Tesla crash in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with Tesla car accident lawyers. - [Intoxication Assault | Penal Code 49.07](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-assault/): Intoxication assault in Texas is a third degree felony charge. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett right away. - [Federal Embezzlement](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/embezzlement/): Federal embezzlement under 18 USC 31 carries up to 30 years in prison. Mount an aggressive defense with Varghese Summersett. Call for a free consultation. - [Sexual Assault Charges and Defenses in Texas](https://versustexas.com/sexual-assault/): Charged with sexual assault in Texas? Understand what you are up against and how to best defend yourself. - [Child Injury Lawyer Serving Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/child-injuries/): Was your child injured due to someone else's negligence? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with a Fort Worth child injury lawyer. - [Dallas Unlawful Carry](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/unlawful-carry-weapon/): Are you facing an unlawful carry charge in Dallas? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with one of the top Dallas unlawful carry lawyers in North Texas. - [Texas Explosion Injury Lawyer | We Investigate and Effect Change](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/explosion-injuries/): Injured in an explosion or fire? Our Texas explosion injury lawyers find out who's responsible and protect the evidence. Free, confidential consult. - [Dallas Prostitution Lawyer [2026 Update]](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/prostitution/): Arrested for prostitution, solicitation or promotion? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas prostitution lawyer today. - [Dallas Probation Revocation](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/probation-revocation/): A probation violation puts your freedom at risk. You need the best Dallas probation revocation lawyer on your side. Call Varghese Summersett for a consultation. - [Head-On Crash Lawyer Serving Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/head-on-accidents/): Injured in a head-on crash in North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth head-on crash lawyer. - [Texas Interstate Car Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/interstate-accidents/): Need a Texas interstate car accident lawyer? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how our personal injury lawyers can help you receive compensation. - [Dallas Harassment Lawyer | Penal Code 42.07](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/harassment/): Have you been accused of harassment in Texas? If so, you need an experienced Dallas harassment lawyer defending your rights. Call Varghese Summersett today. - [Highway Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/highway-accidents/): Get the legal help you need after a highway accident anywhere in Texas. Contact our experienced Highway Accident Attorney at Varghese Summersett today. - [Dallas Probation Violation](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/probation-violation/): Did you violate your probation? Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas probation violation lawyer. 214-903-4000. - [Daycare Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/daycare-injuries/): Was your child injured in a daycare accident in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth daycare injury lawyer at 817-207-4878 (HURT) - [Dallas Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/unauthorized-use-of-a-motor-vehicle/): Arrested for UUMV in Dallas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle lawyer. - [Dallas Falsifying a Drug Test](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/falsifying-drug-test/): Been accused of falsifying a drug test or using a falsification device? If so, you need a top Dallas falsified drug test lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett. - [Dallas Criminal Defense Attorney | Board Certified](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/): Our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorney team combines former Dallas prosecutors with Board Certified Criminal Lawyers to best defend your case/ - [Multi-Vehicle Accident Lawyer [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/multi-vehicle-accident-lawyer/): Involved in a multi-vehicle accident in Texas? Our skilled multi-vehicle accident lawyer can help you seek compensation. Call us today to set up a consultation. - [BIPP Classes in Dallas](https://versustexas.com/bipp-classes-in-dallas/): Battery Intervention and Prevention Program, or BIPP, aims to eliminate family violence in Texas. BIPP classes in Dallas are often added as a term of probation. - [Dallas Unlawful Restraint](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/unlawful-restraint/): Facing unlawful restraint charges? If so, you need a top Dallas unlawful restraint lawyer at your side. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Dallas County Diversion Programs](https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-diversion-programs/): Dallas County Diversion Programs focus on rehabilitating instead of punishing defendants. Call 214-903-4000 today to find out if you are eligible. - [Fort Worth Dog Bite Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/dog-bites/): Injured after being bitten by a dog in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth dog bite lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Federal White Collar Crimes | White Collar Defense](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/): The White Collar Defense team at Varghese Summersett is known for the success it has seen defending federal white collar crimes. - [Construction Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/construction-accidents/): Injured in a construction accident in North Texas due to negligence? Speak to a Fort Worth construction accident lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Pedestrian Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/pedestrian-accidents/): Injured in a pedestrian accident? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) today for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth pedestrian accident lawyer. - [Slip and Fall Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/slip-and-fall/): If you have been injured in a slip and fall on another person's property, call today for a free consultation with a slip and fall lawyer. - [Dallas Public Lewdness Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/public-lewdness/): A public lewdness charge can wreck your life. Contact a top Dallas public lewdness lawyer from the defense team at Varghese Summersett. Call us at 214-903-4000. - [Intersection Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/intersection-accidents/): Injured in a North Texas intersection accident? Call 810-207-4878 for a free consultation today with a Fort Worth intersection accident attorney at Varghese Summersett. - [Single Vehicle Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/single-vehicle-accidents/): Contact our Fort Worth single car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett for help navigating insurance claims in Tarrant, Dallas, and surrounding counties. - [Dallas Possession of Drug Paraphernalia](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/possession-of-drug-paraphernalia/): Are you or a family member facing a drug paraphernalia citation? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas possession of drug paraphernalia lawyer. - [Dallas Tampering with Evidence](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/tampering-with-evidence/): Arrested for tampering in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas tampering with evidence lawyer today. - [Dallas Kidnapping](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/kidnapping/): Have you been accused of kidnapping or abduction in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas kidnapping lawyer. - [Community Service in Dallas](https://versustexas.com/community-service-in-dallas-county/): Looking for a place to do community service in Dallas? Check out this court-approved community service list. - [Dallas Money Laundering](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/money-laundering/): Are you or a family member facing money laundering charges in Dallas? Call Varghese Summersett now to consult with a top Dallas money laundering lawyer. - [About Varghese Summersett: Experienced Trial Attorneys](https://versustexas.com/about/): About Varghese Summersett: The firm is made up of trial attorneys who practice family law, criminal defense, and personal injury, delivering exceptional representation. - [Fort Worth Criminal Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-criminal-defense-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth Criminal Defense Lawyer will provide a free consultation today. Call (817) 203-2220 to consult with a Board Certified Criminal Specialist. - [Family and Divorce Lawyers | Board Certified Divorce Lawyer Near Me](https://versustexas.com/family-law/): The divorce lawyers at Varghese Summersett have decades of experience in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Denton County. Call our Board Certified Family Lawyer. - [Marital Property Division](https://versustexas.com/family-law/marital-property-division/): We explain what to property division in divorce in Texas so you can plan and best protect your future. Property division is not straightforward. - [High Net Worth Divorce Guide](https://versustexas.com/family-law/high-net-worth-divorce/): A high net worth divorce case is one in which the divorcing couple has significant assets, property, and income to divide. These cases often involve complex. - [Child Custody Relocation](https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-custody-relocation/): Before making any rash decisions about moving with your child, contact a top child custody relocation attorney with the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - [Understanding Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/family-law/divorce/): Here is what you will want to know if you are contemplating divorce in Texas. - [Disclaimer](https://versustexas.com/disclaimer/): Use of this website is at the user’s own risk and Varghese Summersett PLLC disclaims all liability with respect to actions taken here - [Fort Worth Child Custody Lawyer | Tarrant County Conservatorship Guide](https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-custody/): Facing a child custody case in Fort Worth? Learn how Tarrant County family courts decide conservatorship, possession, and SAPCR cases — and how our Fort Worth child custody lawyer can help. - [Spousal Support](https://versustexas.com/family-law/alimony-spousal-support/): In Texas, alimony or spousal support is not guaranteed. Whether you will receive it (or have to pay it) depends on many factors, including the length of the marriage. - [Adoption](https://versustexas.com/family-law/adoption/): November is National Adoption Awareness Month. Learn how you can help children in need of forever homes. Fort Worth Adoption Lawyers. (817) 900-3220. - [Paternity](https://versustexas.com/family-law/paternity/): Establishing paternity in Texas can be accomplished a number of ways. It doesn’t always involve marrying the child’s mother. Learn about establishing paternity. - [Grandparent Rights](https://versustexas.com/family-law/grandparent-rights/): Do grandparents have legal rights to their grandchildren in Texas? The answer may surprise you. Learn about grandparent rights in Texas. - [Postnuptial Agreements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/family-law/postnuptial-agreement/): A Texas postnuptial argreement is similar to a prenupital agreement except that occur during the marriage, rather than before. Learn more. - [What is a Prenuptial Agreement in Texas & Do You Need One?](https://versustexas.com/family-law/prenuptial-agreement/): A prenuptial agreement, or "pre-nup," is a contract that designates what happens to your financial assets in case of death or divorce. Learn more. - [Child Support in Texas](https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-support/): Questions about child support in Texas? Here's some answers to frequently asked questions, including how much you could have to pay. - [Collin County Aggravated Assault](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/aggravated-assault/): Facing an aggravated assault charge in Collin County? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Collin County aggravated assault lawyer. - [Privacy Policy](https://versustexas.com/privacy-policy/): how Varghese Summersett (“the Firm”) collects, uses, and discloses certain personal information obtained through our global public websites - [Sitemap](https://versustexas.com/sitemap/): Thank you for visiting the Varghese Summersett PLLC's website. You can call our office at (817) 203-2220. - [Our Team | Varghese Summersett Attorneys & Staff](https://versustexas.com/our-team/): Meet the attorneys and our team at Varghese Summersett, a Texas trial law firm handling criminal defense, personal injury, divorce, and family law in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. - [Texas Car Accident and Car Crash Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/car-accidents/): Our top Texas car accident lawyer explains what you should do after a car accident and how to maximize your recovery. - [Texas Truck Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/truck-accidents/): Our Texas Truck Accident Lawyers handle trucking cases differently - with the seriousness they deserve. Call 817-203-2220 for a free case evaluation. - [Motorcycle Accident Lawyer [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/motorcycle-accidents/): Injured in a motorcycle accident in Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Oil and Gas Accident Attorneys](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oil-gas-injuries/): Were you injured or a loved one killed while working on an oil or gas site? Call for a free consultation with our Oil Field Injury Lawyer. 817-207-4878 - [Wrongful Death Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death/): Our Fort Worth Wrongful Death Lawyer is experienced in securing verdicts that effect change to prevent future losses. - [Bus Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/bus-accidents/): You need an experienced bus accident lawyer on your side when you or a loved one has been injured by a bus. Give us a call at 817-207-4878 - [Texas Personal Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/): Texas personal injury lawyers who try cases, not just settle. No fee unless we win. Offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Free case review: 817-203-2220. - [Collin County Family Violence Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/family-violence/): Facing a domestic violence charge in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County family violence lawyer today. 817-203-2220. - [Collin County Homicide](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/homicide/): Facing a homicide charge in Collin County? Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County homicide lawyer. - [Boat Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/boat-accidents/): Were you injured or a loved one killed in a North Texas boat accident? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with a North Texas boat accident lawyer. - [Collin County Assault](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/assault/): The goal of every Collin County assault lawyer at Varghese Summersett is to keep you out of jail, avoid a felony conviction and keep your record clean. - [Collin County Drug Crimes](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/drug-crimes/): Facing a drug charge in Collin County? Here is what you need to know. Call for a free consultation with our Collin County Drug Lawyer. - [Collin County Sexual Assault Defense](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/sexual-assault/): Facing a sexual accusation in Collin County or the surrounding area? Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consult our Collin County sexual assault defense lawyer. - [Texas Golf Cart Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/golf-cart-accidents/): Were you injured or a loved one killed in a golf cart accident in Fort Worth, Dallas or North Texas? Call (817) 207-4878 to speak with a Fort Worth golf cart accident lawyer. - [Criminal Defense, Personal Injury & Divorce Lawyers | Varghese Summersett](https://versustexas.com/): Award-winning Texas trial law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Board Certified attorneys handling high-stakes legal matters across Texas. - [Commercial Vehicle Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/commercial-vehicle-accidents/): Injured in a commercial vehicle accident in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth commercial vehicle accident lawyer. 817-207-4878 - [Collin County Manslaughter](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/manslaughter/): Facing a manslaughter charge in Collin County or surrounding areas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with a Collin County manslaughter lawyer. - [Collin County Prostitution](https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/prostitution/): Arrested for solicitation of prostitution in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with our Collin County prostitution lawyer today - [What is Obstruction or Retaliation in Dallas?](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/obstruction-or-retaliation-charges/): If you or a loved one has been accused of obstruction or retaliation in Dallas, you are facing a felony. Call for a free consult. 214-903-4000. - [Blog](https://versustexas.com/blog/): Insights into criminal defense, personal Injury, wrongful death, family and divorce law in Texas brought to you by the attorneys at Varghese Summersett. - [Crane Accidents](https://versustexas.com/dallas-personal-injury-lawyer/crane-accidents/): Were you injured or a loved one killed in a North Texas crane accident? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with a Dallas-Fort Worth crane accident lawyer. - [Dallas Manslaughter Defense | Penal Code 19.04](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/manslaughter/): Facing a manslaughter charge in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas manslaughter lawyer. - [Assault on a Dallas Public Servant](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-on-a-dallas-public-servant/): Arrested for assault on a Dallas public servant or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas assault on a public servant lawyer. - [Dallas Arson](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/arson/): In this article we will break down Penal Code 28.02 and explain arson in Texas. If you have been charged with arson, call us for a strong defense. - [Dallas Public Intoxication](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/public-intoxication/): Arrested for public intoxication in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas public intoxication lawyer. - [Dallas Robbery Lawyer Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/robbery/): Facing a robbery charge in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 today for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas robbery lawyer today. - [Dallas Resisting Arrest | Penal Code 38.03](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/resisting-arrest/): Did you know that courts have published a number of cases on what constitutes resisting arrest in Texas - and what doesn't? Learn more. - [Dallas Credit Card Fraud](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/credit-card-abuse/): Are you facing credit card fraud? Convictions carry serious penalties in Texas. Call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas credit card abuse lawyer. - [Dallas Criminal Mischief](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminal-mischief/): If you have been charged with criminal mischief in Texas, here is everything you need to know from our Dallas criminal mischief defense lawyer. - [Dallas Bail Bonds | How to Get a Bond](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/bail-bonds/): If you or a loved is in jail, contact a Dallas bail bonds attorney with Varghese Summersett. We have decades of unmatched experience fighting for our clients. - [Dallas Felony DWI With A Deadly Weapon](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/dwi-deadly-weapon/): In a 2019 Texas Court of Criminal Appeals case, the state found that a person charged with a felony DWI can only be charged with using a motor vehicle as a - [Dallas Federal Bank Fraud](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/federal-bank-fraud/): If you are under investigation for bank fraud, it's imperative to consult with a Dallas federal bank fraud lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett at 214-903-4000. - [Dallas Child Endangerment Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/child-endangerment/): Do you need a Dallas child endangerment lawyer? Contact the expert team of criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett for a complimentary consultation. - [Dallas Truck Accident Lawyer | Truck Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-truck-accident-lawyer/): Injured in a big rig wreck in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Dallas truck accident lawyer. - [Road Defect Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/road-defect-accidents/): Were you or a loved one injured in an accident caused by a road hazard? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer. - [Dallas Intoxication Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/intoxication-assault/): Do you need a Dallas intoxication assault lawyer? For the best defense in North Texas, call our defense team at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Dallas Wrongful Death Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/wrongful-death/): If you are facing the accidental death of a loved one because of someone's negligence, contact Varghese Summersett's Dallas wrongful death lawyers. - [Texas DWI Laws Explained](https://versustexas.com/dwi/): In this article we discuss the Texas DWI laws and what you should know if you are are arrested for a DWI in Texas. - [Dallas Car Accidents](https://versustexas.com/car-accidents/): Our Dallas car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett have helped countless clients win the deserved compensation after serious injuries from car accidents. - [Fort Worth Bicycle Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/bicycle-accidents/): Injured in a bicycle accident in Texas? Call for a free consultation with our Fort Worth Bicycle Accident Lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - [Dallas Embezzlement Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/embezzlement/): Are you facing embezzlement charges in North Texas? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with one of the region's top Dallas embezzlement lawyers. - [Dallas Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/continuous-sexual-assault-of-a-child/): Our Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child Lawyer explains one of the most severe charges in Texas. - [Dallas Child Sexual Assault Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/child-sexual-assault/): If you or a family member needs a Dallas child sexual assault lawyer, the defense team at Varghese Summersett has an unmatched record of success in North Texas. - [Dallas Super Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/super-aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/): If you're facing super aggravated sexual assault of a child charges in Dallas, you need a top Dallas child sexual assault lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett. - [Dallas Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/): If you're being investigated for Dallas aggravated sexual assault of a child, you need a strong defense attorney immediately. Call Varghese Summersett now. - [Dallas Criminally Negligent Homicide](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminally-negligent-homicide/): Nothing is more serious than causing the death of another person. Here's what you need to know about Criminally Negligent Homicide in Dallas. - [Dallas Intoxication Manslaughter | Penal Code 49.08](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/intoxication-manslaughter/): Accused of intoxication manslaughter in Dallas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas intoxication manslaughter lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - [Dallas Disorderly Conduct](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/disorderly-conduct/): If you or a family member is facing a disorderly conduct charge, consult with a top Dallas disorderly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summersett as soon as possible - [Dallas DWI Second Offense](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/dwi-second/): DWI Second - How to avoid jail time. Call 214-903-4000 today for a free consultation with one of our Dallas DWI 2nd lawyers. - [Dallas Indecent Exposure](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/indecent-exposure/): Accused of indecent exposure in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for an experienced Dallas indecent exposure lawyer. - [Dallas Felony Defense](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/felony-defense/): Arrested for a felony in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 to speak with a Dallas felony lawyer today. - [Dallas Criminal Trespass](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminal-trespass/): Facing a Dallas criminal trespass charge? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas criminal trespass lawyer. - [Dallas Assault by Threat](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-by-threat/): Have you been ticketed for assault by threat in Dallas or North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 today for an experienced Dallas assault by threat lawyer. - [Dallas Indecency with a Child Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/indecency-with-a-child/): Accused of indecency with a child in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas Indecency with a Child Lawyer. - [Dallas Animal Cruelty](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/animal-cruelty/): Have you or a loved one been accused of animal abuse in Dallas or North Texas ? Call 214-900-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas animal cruelty lawyer. - [Dallas Domestic Violence Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/domestic-violence/): Accused of family violence in Dallas or the surround area? Call our Dallas Domestic Violence Lawyer at 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. - [Felony DWI Lawyer in Texas](https://versustexas.com/felony-dwi/): Facing a felony DWI in Texas? Learn every way a DWI becomes a felony under the 2025 law changes, the penalties you face, and how our felony DWI lawyers fight these charges. - [Dallas Burglary of a Vehicle Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/burglary-of-a-vehicle/): If you or a loved one is facing BMV charges, it's important to contact an experienced Dallas burglary of a vehicle lawyer as soon as possible. 214-903-4000 - [Dallas Assault by Contact](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-by-contact-lawyer/): Charged with assault by contact? Speak to an experienced Dallas assault by contact lawyer today and find out why you should not just pay the fine. - [Dallas Evading Arrest](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/evading-arrest/): Accusing of fleeing from police? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas evading arrest lawyer. - [Dallas Federal Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense/): Are you or a loved one facing federal charges in North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas federal criminal defense lawyer. - [Dallas Aggravated Assault Defense | PC 22.02](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/aggravated-assault/): Facing an aggravated assault charge in Dallas County? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas aggravated assault lawyer. - [Contact Us](https://versustexas.com/contact-us/): Whether the consultation on your criminal case is over the phone or in person, it will always be with an attorney and the consultation will always be free. - [Dallas Burglarly Habitation](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/burglary-of-habitation/): Facing a charge of breaking and entering? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas burglary of habitation lawyer. - [Dallas Child Sex Abuse](https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/child-sex-abuse-defense/): Being accused of a child sex crime crimes is extremely serious. Call for a free consultation with a Dallas child sex abuse defense lawyer. 817-972-7000. - [Dallas Drug Possession Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas-drug-possession-lawyer/): Our Dallas Drug Possession Lawyer defends possession of controlled substances cases. Call today for a free consultation with our drug possession lawyer today. - [Dallas Assault Charges and Defenses](https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/assault/): Assault charges can be very serious and negatively impact your future. Call for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas assault lawyer today. - [Blood Draw Search Warrants](https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/blood-search-warrant/): Police must obtain a search warrant to draw blood during a DWI in Fort Worth without consent. Schedule a free consultation. Get info on suppressing warrants. ## Posts - [Hit by a Government Vehicle in Texas? No Fee Unless We Win](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/hit-by-a-government-vehicle-in-texas/): Hit by a city, county, or state vehicle in Texas? The Texas Tort Claims Act caps your damages and gives you as little as 90 days to act. Learn what's at stake. - [Montgomery v. State: The Confrontation Clause Does Not Apply to Adjudication or Revocation Hearings](https://versustexas.com/blog/montgomery-v-state/): Texas's Court of Criminal Appeals held the Confrontation Clause doesn't apply to adjudication hearings. What Montgomery v. State means for defense strategy and client admonishments. - [Texas License to Carry: Requirements, Costs, and Whether You Still Need One](https://versustexas.com/blog/license-to-carry-texas-2/): In short: Texas has not required a license to carry a handgun since September 2021, but the License to Carry... - [Injured by an Uber or Lyft Driver: Three Coverage Periods That Determine Your Recovery](https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-uber-lyft-driver-coverage-periods/): Injured by Uber or Lyft driver in Texas? The coverage period at the time of your crash determines how much insurance is available — up to $1 million. - [Chatrie v United States: Geofence Warrants Constitute a Search under the Fourth Amendment](https://versustexas.com/blog/chatrie-v-united-states/): In Chatrie v. United States, a divided Supreme Court held that police conduct a Fourth Amendment “search” when they obtain... - [What Is Probable Cause in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/probable-cause-explained/): Probable cause in Texas explained in plain English: what it means, how it differs from reasonable suspicion, and what happens when police lack it. - [25 Facts About Prenuptial Agreements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/prenuptial-agreements-texas-facts/): Everything Texas couples need to know about prenuptial agreements — what they can cover, what they can't, and how to draft one that holds up in court. - [Hit by a Police Car or Emergency Vehicle in DFW? Here's What Texas Law Actually Says](https://versustexas.com/dallas/hit-by-police-car-emergency-vehicle-dallas-fort-worth/): Hurt in a DFW police cruiser or emergency vehicle crash? Texas law limits your time to act. Learn Section 546, the notice trap, and your real options. - [SCOTUS: You Don't Lose Your Guns for Using Marijuana](https://versustexas.com/blog/us-v-hemani/): The Supreme Court in U.S. v. Hemani struck the federal gun ban as applied to a Texas marijuana user. What it changes for gun owners, and what it does not. - [Hit by a Construction Vehicle on a TxDOT Project](https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-construction-vehicle-txdot-project/): Hit by a construction vehicle on a TxDOT project in Texas? Learn who's liable — TxDOT, the contractor, or a subcontractor — and why you may have only a short time to act. - [Arrested as a Doctor in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/arrested-as-a-doctor/): What Every Physician Needs to Know to Protect Their License and Career An arrest can upend anyone’s life. For a... - [Hit by a FedEx Truck in Texas? Ground vs. Express Changes Everything](https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-fedex-truck-texas/): Hit by a FedEx truck in Texas? Whether it was FedEx Ground or FedEx Express determines who you can sue. - [Hit by a School Bus in Texas? Who's Liable Depends on Who Operates It](https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-school-bus-texas/): Hit by a school bus in Texas? Whether the bus was operated by an ISD, a charter school, or a private contractor changes everything — and who you can sue. Learn more. - [World Cup 2026 Texas: Don't Get Arrested (and What to Do if You Do)](https://versustexas.com/blog/world-cup-2026/): 2026 FIFA World Cup visitors: Learn about Texas criminal laws, common arrests, bond, and legal risks in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. - [Injured at a Texas Apartment Complex with Poor Security?](https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-texas-apartment-complex-negligent-security/): Shot, stabbed, or assaulted at a Texas apartment complex? The property owner or management company may be liable for failing to provide adequate security. Call now. - [Hit by an Amazon Delivery Vehice in Texas? Here's Who Pays.](https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-amazon-delivery-vehicle-texas/): Hit by an Amazon delivery truck or van in Texas? Learn your legal options, who may be held responsible, and how an experienced attorney can maximize your compensation. - [Injured in an Oilfield Truck Wreck? Here's What You Need to Know.](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oilfield-truck-wreck/): Our Texas oilfield truck wreck lawyers explain liability and how to recover compensation after crashes involving sand haulers, water trucks, and frac crew vehicles. - [Hit by a DoorDash, Uber Eats, or Grubhub Driver in Texas? Here's What You Need to Know.](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/hit-by-doordash-uber-eats-grubhub-driver-texas/): Hit by a DoorDash, Uber Eats, or Grubhub driver in Texas? Learn who is liable, which insurance applies, and how to get the compensation you deserve. Call for free consult. - [Hit by UPS Driver in Texas? Here's What You Need to Know.](https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-ups-driver/): Hit by UPS driver in Texas? Learn what to do after a UPS truck accident, how UPS claims work, what evidence matters, and how we fight for injured victims. - [Supreme Court: Freight Brokers Can Be Sued for Hiring Unsafe Truckers](https://versustexas.com/blog/montgomery-v-caribe-transport/): What Montgomery v. Caribe Transport Means for You On May 14, 2026, the United States Supreme Court handed down a... - [Can Politics Lead to Divorce? How to Save Your Marriage Across the Political Divide](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-politics-lead-to-divorce/): Can politics lead to divorce? Explore how political divides affect marriages and what couples can do to stay connected despite disagreements. - [Parents File Wrongful Death Suit Against TXDOT After Daughter Killed on Dangerous Highway](https://versustexas.com/key-article/romi-bomar/): The parents of an 18-year-old student who was killed in a crash on a poorly constructed and maintained state highway have filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the TXDOT. - [Texas Appeals Court Reverses Marian Fraser's Murder Conviction, Orders New Trial](https://versustexas.com/blog/marian-fraser/): A Texas appeals court has reversed the murder conviction of Waco daycare owner Marian Fraser, setting up the possibility of her release from prison and a third trial. - [After the Verdict: A Resource for Jurors](https://versustexas.com/criminal/juror-resource-guide/): Free guide for jurors experiencing trauma after difficult trials. Learn about secondary traumatic stress, coping strategies, and local and national mental health resources. - [Texas Supreme Roadmap for Slip and Fall Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/roadmap-for-slip-and-fall-cases/): A roadmap for slip and fall cases in Texas after H-E-B v. Peterson (2026). What plaintiffs must prove, why duration evidence wins, and what to do first. - [Nabors: A Post-Chohan Roadmap for Texas Plaintiffs](https://versustexas.com/blog/post-chohan-roadmap/): Since the Texas Supreme Court decided Gregory v. Chohan in June 2023, civil plaintiffs’ lawyers across Texas have been keeping... - [State v. Barber - Court of Criminal Appeals Clarifies "On View" Arrest Requirements](https://versustexas.com/blog/state-v-barber/): The Court of Criminal Appeals recently clarified a Texas officer can make a warrantless “on view” arrest only for a... - [Understanding Domestic Violence Charges in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/domestic-violence-charges-in-texas/): In this article we discuss domestic violence charges in Texas and answer your most frequently asked questions. - [Can You Claim Self-Defense in Texas If You Were Committing a Crime?](https://versustexas.com/blog/self-defense-in-texas/): In Texas, being engaged in criminal activity does not automatically eliminate your right to claim self-defense. It costs you a... - [Texas Supreme Court on Separate Property Tracing in Texas Divorce](https://versustexas.com/divorce/separate-property-tracing/): Texas Supreme Court just ruled on separate property tracing in Texas divorce. Here's what Landry v. Landry means for your assets and your case. - [Texas Motion for Summary Judgment Rule Changes (Rule 166a) 2026](https://versustexas.com/blog/motion-for-summary-judgment-rule-changes/): Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a was rewritten effective March 1 2026. New Texas motion for summary judgment (MSJ) deadlines and requirements under TRCP 166a. - [Unsolicited Calls from Personal Injury Lawyers After an Accident or Loss are Illegal](https://versustexas.com/blog/unsolicited-calls-from-personal-injury-lawyers/): Did you know that unsolicited calls from personal injury lawyers or law firms are illegal? Here's what to do if that happens to you. - [What happens when a bondsman goes off bond?](https://versustexas.com/blog/bondsman-goes-off-bond/): What happens when a bondsman goes off bond? Learn what BOIS, BOFO & BREI mean — and how to get out fast. Free consultation. - [The Dangers of Asking AI Legal Questions (2026 Court Decision)](https://versustexas.com/blog/the-dangers-of-asking-ai-legal-questions/): When you turn to AI for help, it can feel like a private conversation, one where you are free to... - [Attorney J. Turner Thornton Named a Fort Worth 40 Under 40](https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-j-turner-thornton-named-a-fort-worth-40-under-40/): Attorney J. Turner Thornton has been named to Fort Worth Inc.’s prestigious 40 Under 40 list, recognizing the city’s most dynamic leaders under age 40. - [A Parent's Guide to Your Child's First Appearance in Juvenile Court](https://versustexas.com/juvenile/first-appearance-in-juvenile-court/): If your child was taken into custody or received a summons, their first juvenile court appearance in Texas is typically... - [When a Vehicle Crashes into a Building, Who is Liable?](https://versustexas.com/blog/vehicle-crashes-into-a-building/): Injured when a vehicle crashed into a building in Texas? Learn who may be liable and how to recover compensation. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - [Suing Lyft or Uber for Sexual Assault is Harder (But Not Impossible) in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/suing-lyft-or-uber-for-sexual-assault/): Suing Lyft or Uber for sexual assault in Texas is harder than in most other states. Texas law classifies rideshare... - [Is It Legal to Put a GPS Tracker on Someone Else's Car in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-to-put-a-gps-tracker-on-someone-elses-car/): Learn whether it is legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else's car in Texas, including criminal penalties, family law consequences, and defenses. - [Icy Road Accidents | What to Watch Out For As Texas Freezes](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/icy-road-accidents/): Injured in an ice-related car accident in Texas? Learn about liability, compensation, and how to protect your claim after an icy road accident. - [Are We Dating the Same Guy? | The Legal Considerations of the Internet Sensation](https://versustexas.com/blog/are-we-dating-the-same-guy/): "Are We Dating the Same Guy?" isn’t just gossip. Texas courts use these posts in divorce, custody, defamation and criminal cases. Know your legal rights. - [Reckless Driving in Texas | TC Section 545.401](https://versustexas.com/criminal/reckless-driving/): Reckless driving in Texas is a misdemeanor offense that carries potential jail time, fines, and a permanent criminal record. Under... - [Texas Bail Bond Disparities: 238K Bonds Analyzed](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-bail-bond-disparities/): Interested in Texas bail bond disparities? See offense-by-offense bond data from our analysis of 238,000+ Texas bonds. - [What Does the Odor of Alcohol Really Mean in a DWI investigation?](https://versustexas.com/criminal/odor-of-alcohol/): I’ve reviewed thousands of DWI reports in my career. The “odor of alcoholic beverage” appears in nearly every DWI police... - [Tarrant County Bonds: A Statistical Analysis of Bonds Set in 2025](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-bonds/): See typical bond amounts for criminal charges in Tarrant County. Analysis of 52,000+ Tarrant County bonds for DWI, assault, drugs, theft & more. (817) 203-2220. - [How We Investigate Truck Crashes | Texas Truck Accident Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-we-investigate-truck-crashes/): In this article, we discuss how we investigate truck crashes and use cutting edge technology to find out what really happened. - [Is Gambling Illegal in Texas? Sports Books, Card Rooms, and Betting Apps Explained](https://versustexas.com/criminal/is-gambling-illegal-in-texas/): Is gambling illegal in Texas? This article answer the question based on the current state of Texas law. - [Tarrant County Family Law Cases: 2025 Court Statistics & Analysis](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-family-law-cases/): We analyzed thousands of Tarrant County family law cases to identify trends in how divorce and family cases are resolved and how long they typically take. - [By the Numbers: A Statistical Analysis of Criminal Cases Filed in Texas from 2021 - 2025](https://versustexas.com/blog/statistical-analysis-of-criminal-cases/): Varghese Summersett completed a statistical analysis of criminal cases filed in Texas between 2021 and 2025. - [Can a Massage Therapist Sue for Sexual Assault by a Client?](https://versustexas.com/blog/massage-therapist-sue-for-sexual-assault-by-a-client/): Texas massage therapists can sue both clients and employers after sexual assault. Learn your legal rights, what evidence you need, and how to hold negligent companies accountable. Free consultation. - [Can the police search without a warrant?](https://versustexas.com/blog/search-without-a-warrant/): Can the police search without a warrant? If so, when and under what conditions? Are there limitations on warantless searches? - [Wrongful Death Claim After a Drunk Driving Death in Fort Bend County](https://versustexas.com/fort-bend/wrongful-death-drunk-driving/): Lost a loved one to a drunk driver in Fort Bend County? Learn about Wrongful Death Claim After a Drunk Driving Death in Fort Bend County. - [Reasonable Suspicion in Texas: What Police Actually Need to Pull You Over](https://versustexas.com/blog/reasonable-suspicion/): Learn what reasonable suspicion means in Texas and how the 2025 Hernandez ruling protects drivers from unlawful stops. Find out when police can legally pull you over. - [Minimum Car Insurance Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/minimum-car-insurance-texas/): Minimum Car Insurance Texas is 30/60/25 liability coverage: $30,000 for bodily injury per person, $60,000 for bodily injury per accident, and $25,000 for property damage per accident. - [What is a Gap in Treatment? The Silent Killer of Personal Injury Claims](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-gap-in-treatment/): A gap in treatment is any delay or break in medical care after an accident. Learn how insurers use it to challenge and deny valid personal injury claims. - [Business Valuation in Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/business-valuation-in-divorce/): Business valuation in divorce determines what your company is worth so the court can divide marital assets fairly. Here's what you need to know in Texas. - [Google Now Allows You to Leave an Anonymous Google Review](https://versustexas.com/blog/anonymous-google-review/): You can now leave an anonymous Google review using a nickname instead of your real name. If you’ve wanted to... - [Can You Sue a Public School for Sexual Abuse in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-sue-a-public-school-for-sexual-abuse-in-texas/): Yes, you can sue a public school for sexual abuse in Texas, but your legal options depend heavily on when the abuse occurred. Find out why. - [Fort Worth Motorcycle Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/): Injured in a Fort Worth motorcycle crash? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer. Call 817-203-2220. - [Midlife Checkout Crisis: Why Older Women Are Getting Arrested for Shoplifting](https://versustexas.com/blog/midlife-checkout-crisis/): More middle-aged women are being arrested than ever before for shoplifting in Texas. Find out why. Here's what you need to know about the "midlife checkout crisis." - [Is Lane Splitting Legal in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-lane-splitting-legal-in-texas/): Is lane splitting legal in Texas? No, it's illegal. Texas law bans motorcyclists from riding between lanes. Find out how lane splitting affects accident claims. - [Sexual Abuse During a Massage](https://versustexas.com/blog/sexual-abuse-during-a-massage/): If you experienced sexual abuse during a massage, you’re not alone. Learn what steps to take, how to report misconduct, and how to get legal help. - [Criminal History in a Wrongful Death Case: How it Can Be Used](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/criminal-history-in-a-wrongful-death-case/): It's important to know a defendant's criminal history in a wrongful death case. It can help prove negligence, establish liability, and significantly increase compensation. - [Commingling of Funds in Marriage](https://versustexas.com/blog/commingling-of-funds-in-marriage/): What is commingling of funds in marriage? What happens to commingled property in divorce? Here's what you need to know in Texas. - [Mediation in Amicable Divorces](https://versustexas.com/blog/mediation-in-amicable-divorces/): Find out how mediation in amicable divorces empowers Texas couples to settle property, custody, and financial issues efficiently. - [How to Get a Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-get-a-divorce-in-texas/): No two divorces are this same. This guide walks you through how to get a divorce in Texas - from the initial filing to the final decree. - [Listcrawler Arrests in Texas: Sting Operations on the Rise](https://versustexas.com/blog/listcrawler-arrests-in-texas/): Listcrawler arrests in Texas are becoming more frequent as sting operations become a favored tool by law enforcement agencies. Here's what you need to know. - [Denton County Divorce Courts: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/denton-county-divorce-courts/): There are eight Denton County divorce courts, all located at 1450 E. McKinney Street in Denton, Texas. Here's what you need to know. - [Can You Get Early Release from DWI Probation in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/early-release-from-dwi-probation/): Can you get early release from DWI probation in Texas? The easy answer is, it depends. Here's what you need to know. - [Are Divorce Rates Higher Around the Holidays?](https://versustexas.com/blog/are-divorce-rates-higher-around-the-holidays/): Are Divorce Rates Higher Around the Holidays? Do the holidays have any bearing on divorce rates? Here is what the data shows. - [What Does Dismissal with Prejudice Mean?](https://versustexas.com/criminal/dismissal-with-prejudice/): A dismissal with prejudice terminates a case permanently, preventing the same claims from being refiled against the same defendant. Learn more. - [Is My Spouse Cheating on Me? 15 Telltale Signs of Infidelity](https://versustexas.com/family/is-my-spouse-cheating/): Is your spouse cheating? Here are 15 warning signs of infidelity. Learn how Texas courts handle adultery in divorce. If you're asking, is my spouse cheating... - [Federal Cryptocurrency Investment Fraud](https://versustexas.com/federal/cryptocurrency-investment-fraud/): Cryptocurrency investment fraud is a complex federal white-collar crime. Contact an experienced federal defensse attorney for a consultation today. 817-203-2220. - [Passenger Train Accidents: What Happens When DART or TRE Hit a Vehicle?](https://versustexas.com/blog/passenger-train-accidents/): Passenger train accidents involving DART or TRE can be devastating. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Texas personal injury lawyer. - [Who Is at Fault in a Driverless Car Accident?](https://versustexas.com/blog/who-is-at-fault-in-a-driverless-car-accident/): Determing who is at fault in a driverless car accident can be complicated. If you or a loved one has been injured, call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation. - [Lyft Accident Settlement Amounts: What to Do if You're in a Lyft Accident](https://versustexas.com/blog/lyft-accident-settlement-amounts/): Injured in a Lyft accident? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consult with an experienced personal injuy attorney and find out how to get the compensation you deserve. - [Attorney Benson Varghese Named 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence](https://versustexas.com/blog/entrepreneur-of-excellence/): Attorney Benson Varghese, the founder and CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has been named a 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence by Fort Worth Inc. - [Police Jurisdiction: Can Cops Stop Me Outside their City in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/police-jurisdiction/): Learn how police jurisdiction works in Texas, including who can stop you, where their authority extends, and when exceptions like fresh pursuit apply. - [Can You Get a DWI on a Horse, Bicycle, or Golf Cart in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/criminal/dwi-on-a-horse/): Can you get a DWI on a horse, bicycle or golf cart in Texas? The answers might surprise you. Learn which mode of transporation can lead to DWI charges. - [Denial of Bail in Texas: Changes in Bail Rules for Certain Crimes](https://versustexas.com/criminal/denial-of-bail/): Texas voters approved Proposition 3, allowing judges denial of bail for certain serious crimes. Learn which offenses qualify and how the new rules work. - [What to Do If You're Hit by a Drunk Driver in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-if-youre-hit-by-a-drunk-driver/): Wondering what to do if you're hit by a drunk driver in Texas? Learn the steps to take right after the crash, protect your rights, and pursue the compensation you deserve. - [Sports Bribery Charges: A Look at the UFC Fight-Fixing Scandal](https://versustexas.com/federal/sports-bribery/): Investigators are probing a UFC fight-fixing and sports bribery scandal at UFC Vegas 110. Learn what federal charges fighters, coaches, and others could face. - [Liability for Texas School Districts for Sexual Misconduct](https://versustexas.com/blog/liability-for-school-districts-for-sexual-misconduct-in-texas/): Texas lawmakers passed major reforms on school sexual abuse accountability and liability during the 89th Legislature. Learn more. - [Adrian Peterson Arrested for DWI: How to Defend DWI and UCW Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-defend-dwi/): How to defend DWI: Expert analysis of Adrian Peterson's arrest reveals defense strategies from initial stop to specimen testing and retrograde extrapolation. - [Houston Theft Lawyer | Misdemeanor and Felony Theft Dismissals](https://versustexas.com/criminal/houston-theft-lawyer/): Accused of theft in Houston or the surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Houston theft lawyer today. 281-805-2220 - [Criminal Consequences for AI-Generated Pornography in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-consequences-for-ai-pornography-in-texas/): Texas has enacted some of the most comprehensive laws addressing AI-generated pornography, particularly involving minors. Here's what you need to know. - [Prosecutor Discovery Obligations in Texas: Moten v. State](https://versustexas.com/blog/prosecutor-discovery-obligations/): Moten v. State is a Texas case defining prosecutor discovery obligations under Article 39.14, requiring active searches for evidence like jail calls from third-party vendors. - [Can You Sue for AI Pornography that Depicts You (or Your Child)?](https://versustexas.com/blog/sue-for-ai-pornography/): If you or your child has been been victimized by AI-generated sexual content, you may have criminal and civil recourse — including the right to pursue an AI Porn Lawsuit. - [I Was Served Divorce Papers. Now What?](https://versustexas.com/divorce/i-was-served-divorce-papers-now-what/): I was served divorce papers. Now what? Our experienced divorce attorneys explain what steps to take next to protect your rights and prepare for the road ahead. - [Texas Tire Blowout Injury Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/blog/tire-blowout-injury-lawyers/): Injured in an accident caused by a tire blowout in Texas? Our experienced personal injury lawyers hold manufacturers, drivers, and trucking companies accountable. - [What to Do If a Loved One Is Injured or Killed in a Truck Accident](https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-or-killed-in-a-truck-accident/): If your loved one was injured or killed in a truck accident, you're probably overwhelmed, grieving, and unsure of what to do next. We can help. - [Fort Bend County DWI Blood Draw Locations](https://versustexas.com/blog/dwi-blood-draw-locations/): Fort Bend County DWI blood draw locations can occur in the jail and local hospitals. Know your rights. Call for a free consult with a Fort Bend DWI lawyer. - [Attorney-Entrepreneur Benson Varghese Publishes Book, "Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth"](https://versustexas.com/blog/tapped-in/): Benson Varghese, CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has published a book, "Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth. Available now on Amazon. - [Juvenile Justice: What's the Difference Between TJJD and TYC?](https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-between-tjjd-and-tyc/): Confused about the difference between TJJD and TYC in Texas? Juvenile defense attorney Lisa Herrick explains how the Texas juvenile prison system has evolved. - [2026 Texas Child Support Cap: How Much is Child Support?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-child-support-cap/): The Texas child support cap changed for 2026. Learn who is affected, how much support may rise, and when to seek a modification. - [Varghese Summersett Makes Inc. 5000 List of America's Fastest-Growing Companies for Third Time](https://versustexas.com/blog/inc-5000-list/): Varghese Summersett has again earned a spot on the prestigious Inc. 5000 list of America's fastest-growing private companies. Learn more. - [Cheating Apps: How to Tell if Your Spouse is Cheating](https://versustexas.com/blog/cheating-apps/): Suspect infidelity? Discover the 15 most dangerous cheating apps, how to detect digital affairs, and what Texas law says about adultery and divorce. A must-read! - [Immunity in Criminal Cases: Understanding Ghislaine Maxwell's Immunity Agreement with DOJ](https://versustexas.com/blog/immunity-in-criminal-cases/): Ghislaine Maxwell was recently granted limited immunity—specifically, proffer immunity—by the DOJ. Learn more about immunity in criminal cases. - [Unavoidable Accident: When It Isn't Anyone's Fault (Texas Supreme Court - Lozada v. Posada)](https://versustexas.com/blog/unavoidable-accident/): Find out how Texas law handles unavoidable accidents. See how Lozada v. Posada could influence Camp Mystic flood cases and natural disaster defenses. - [Texas Negligent Security Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-negligent-security-lawyer/): Injured due to a property owner’s failure to provide adequate safety? Call for a free consultation with a Texas negligent security lawyer today. 817-203-2220 - [Could a Camp Mystic Lawsuit Effect Change?](https://versustexas.com/blog/camp-mystic-lawsuit/): The flooding in central Texas has raised numerous questions about what could be done to better protect our kids. Could a Camp Mystic lawsuit effect change? - [Supreme Court on Resentencing After First Step Act: Hewitt v. United States](https://versustexas.com/criminal/hewitt-v-united-states/): Supreme Court rules First Step Act's lighter §924(c) penalties apply when pre-Act sentences are vacated for resentencing in Hewitt v. United States. Learn more. - [Fort Worth Road Defect Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-road-defect-accident-lawyer/): If you have been injured in an accident caused by poor or unsafe road conditions, call 817-203-2220 to speak with a road defect accident lawyer. - [Supreme Court on Standing in 1983 Claims: Gutierrez v. Saenz](https://versustexas.com/blog/gutierrez-v-saenz/): Gutierrez v. Saenz: U.S. Supreme Court rules in favor of Texas death row inmate seeking DNA testing — marking a significant moment for post-conviction rights. - [New Texas Laws | 2025 Legislative Update | 89th Legislature](https://versustexas.com/blog/2025-legislative-update/): From crimes and caves to courts and custody, check out 47 new Texas laws from the 89th Texas Legislature—and some failed bills. Here's our 2025 Legislative Update. - [Trey's Law: Texas Bans Contracts That Silence Sexual Abuse](https://versustexas.com/blog/treys-law/): Trey's Law is groundbreaking legislation banning the use of Non-Disclosure Agreements in sexual abuse cases, allowing victims to speak out. Learn more. - [Grapevine Lake Accident: Jet Ski and Boating Death Liability](https://versustexas.com/blog/grapevine-lake-accident/): The Grapevine Lake accident - a jet ski crash that killed a young woman - raises questions about wrongful deaths in boating crashes and who can be held liable. - [SB 3 Veto Explained: THC Ban Vetoed by Governor Abbott](https://versustexas.com/blog/sb-3-thc-ban-vetoed/): Gov. Abbott has vetoed SB 3, the THC ban that would have outlawed all intoxicating hemp-derived products like delta-8 and THCA. Find out what this means for Texans. - [TAKE IT DOWN Act Creates New Federal Offense for Deepfakes](https://versustexas.com/blog/take-it-down-act/): The TAKE IT DOWN Act establishes federal criminal penalties for publishing nonconsensual intimate images and digital forgeries ('deepfakes') - [Massage Parlor Raids in Texas: Charges & Penalties](https://versustexas.com/blog/massage-parlor-raid/): Questioned or arrested after a Texas massage parlor raid? Speak to an experienced criminal defense attorney today. Call 817-203-2220. - [Texas Swimming Pool Accident Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-swimming-pool-accident-lawyers/): Injured in a Texas pool accident? Our swimming pool accident lawyers fight for justice and compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. 817-203-2220 - [Why You Shouldn't Rely on Pain and Suffering Calculators](https://versustexas.com/blog/pain-and-suffering-calculator/): Pain and suffering is hard to quantify in personal injury cases. That's why you shouldn't rely on a pain and suffering calculator for an estimate. Learn more. - [Michael Morton Act Under Attack: HB 3330 and SB 1124](https://versustexas.com/blog/michael-morton-act-under-attack/): Texas House Bill 3330 and Senate Bill 1124 (identical bills) seek to undo key elements of the Michael Morton Act. Learn what our criminal lawyers think about this legislation. - [Varghese Summersett Receives Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award ](https://versustexas.com/blog/rotary-minority-business-award/): Varghese Summersett received the Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award on April 25 — a prestigious honor presented by the Rotary Club of Fort Worth. - [What is a Living Trust in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/family/living-trust/): Learn how a living trust works in Texas. Avoid probate, protect assets, and plan ahead with Varghese Summersett’s experienced attorneys. Call 817-203-2220. - [What is Subrogation in Personal Injury Cases?](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/subrogation-in-personal-injury/): Learn how subrogation in personal injury claims affects your Texas settlement. Discover your rights and how Varghese Summersett protects your recovery. - [Texas House Bill 4806: How It Hurts Personal Injury Victims](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-house-bill-4806/): Texas House Bill 4806 proposes major changes to Texas personal injury law, favoring insurers over victims. Find out what’s at stake. - [Texas Home Invasion Charges: Laws, Penalties & Defenses](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-home-invasion-charges/): Facing Texas home invasion charges? Learn about laws, penalties, and defenses. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-203-2220 for immediate legal help. - [Why You Need a Last Will & Testament in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/last-will-testament-in-texas/): Dying without a will means the state controls your assets. Learn why a Last Will & Testament in Texas is essential and how Varghese Summersett can help. - [Varghese Summersett Cuts the Ribbon on New Dallas Location](https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-cuts-the-ribbon-on-new-dallas-location/): Varghese Summersett cut the ribbon on its new Dallas location, reaffirming the firm’s commitment to serving clients with top-tier legal representation across Texas. - [Criminal Solicitation of a Minor | Texas Penal Code 15.031](https://versustexas.com/criminal/criminal-solicitation-of-a-minor/): Learn about criminal solicitation of a minor in Texas, its penalties, and defenses. Contact Varghese Summersett at (817) 203-2220 for expert defense. - [North Texas Estate Planning Attorneys](https://versustexas.com/blog/north-texas-estate-planning-attorneys/): Protect your legacy with top North Texas estate planning attorneys. Get trusted guidance on wills, trusts, and probate. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-203-2220. - [Texas Broken Bone Lawyers: When the Unexpected Happens](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-broken-bone-lawyers/): Suffering from a broken bone or fracture due to someone's negligence in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consult with a Texas broken bone lawyer. - [Top 8 Child Custody Case Mistakes in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-custody-case-mistakes/): Avoid the biggest child custody case mistakes in Texas. Learn what not to do in a custody battle and protect your parental rights. - [8 Tips for Preparing for a Successful Mediation in Family Law](https://versustexas.com/blog/mediation-in-family-law/): Mediation in family law cases can be nerve-wracking. Here are 8 powerful tips to help you prepare and navigate the process with confidence. - [Proposed Simplification of Federal Sentencing Guidelines](https://versustexas.com/blog/proposed-simplification-of-federal-sentencing-guidelines/): Explore the proposed simplification of federal sentencing guidelines, eliminating most departures and emphasizing variances under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Learn more. - [Civil Mediation in Texas: What to Expect and How to Prepare](https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-mediation-in-texas/): In this article, we discuss civil mediation in Texas, what to expect at mediation, and how to prepare for mediation. - [What is the Civil Statute of Limitations for Sexual Abuse in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-statute-of-limitations-for-sexual-abuse/): The Civil Statute of Limitations for Sexual Abuse in Texas is shorter than the criminal statute of limitations. Find out when you need to file by. - [Sexual Abuse in Private Schools in Texas: Who is Accountable?](https://versustexas.com/blog/sexual-abuse-in-private-schools/): Sexual Abuse in Private Schools is sadly a recurring theme. Learn what you can do if someone you know was sexually abused at a private school. - [Attorney Ty Stimpson Named a 40 Under 40 By Fort Worth Inc.](https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-ty-stimpson-named-a-40-under-40/): Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett, has been recognized as one of Fort Worth Inc.’s 40 Under 40 - an prestigous award for 2025. - [Texas Industrial Injury Attorneys: Justice After Accidents](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-industrial-injury-attorney/): Injured or loved one killed in a Texas industrial accident? Speak to an experienced Texas industrial injury attorney today. Free consultation. 817-203-2220. - [Houston Traffic Deaths Hit Record High | Wrongful Death Lawyers](https://versustexas.com/blog/houston-traffic-deaths-hit-record-high/): Houston traffic deaths hit a record 345 in 2024. If you lost a loved one, our personal injury attorneys can help. Call today for a free consultation. 281-805-2220 - [Murder Case: Fort Worth Man Found 'Not Guilty' in Friend's Death](https://versustexas.com/blog/murder-case-study/): Murder Case Study: On February 4, 2025, a Tarrant jury acquitted a Fort Worth man accused of murder in the fatal stabbing of his friend, finding he acted in self-defense. - [Smallville Star’s DUI Arrest: Was He Actually "Driving?"](https://versustexas.com/blog/smallville-stars-dui-arrest/): Smallville Star's DUI arrest in California sparks legal questions. Would a similar scenario lead to a DWI in Texas? Learn how Texas law defines "operation" vs. driving. - [Top 8 Reasons for a Collaborative Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/top-8-reasons-for-a-collaborative-divorce/): Discover the top reasons for a collaborative divorce in Texas. Keep your divorce private, efficient, and amicable with Varghese Summersett’s legal team. - [What is Cite and Release in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/criminal/cite-and-release-in-texas/): Cite and Release in Texas allows officers to issue citations for certain low-level offenses, requiring court appearances later instead of immediate arrests. Learn more. - [Texas Electric Semi-Truck Accidents: Who Is Liable?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-electric-semi-truck-accidents/): Injured in an electric semi-truck accident in Texas? Learn about causes, liability, and compensation. Contact Varghese Summersett today for help. 817-203-2220. - [Dread Pirate Roberts: Silk Road Creator to Presidential Pardon](https://versustexas.com/blog/dread-pirate-roberts/): Who is Ross Ulbricht? Here's the captivating story of 'Dread Pirate Roberts' and his journey through the dark web, conviction, and an unexpected presidential clemency. - [Trump's Second Inaugural Address: Legal Takeaways](https://versustexas.com/blog/second-inaugural-address/): President Trump delivered his second inaugural address on January 20. Here's some legal takeaways that pertain to criminal, family and personal injury law. - [When to Hire a Criminal Defense Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/when-to-hire-a-criminal-defense-attorney/): In this article, we explain when to hire a criminal defense attorney and when not to hire a criminal defense attorney. - [The Worst Oil Rig Accidents of All Time | What to Do After Tragedy](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oil-rig-accidents/): Oil rig accidents can cause catastrophic injuries and death. Here's a look at some of history's most devastating oil rig disasters and what to do after tragedy strikes. - [Amicable Divorce Checklist for a Texas Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/amicable-divorce-checklist/): Use this Amicable Divorce Checklist to prepare for an uncontested divorce in Texas. - [Texas Mosh Pit Injuries: Who Can Be Held Liable?](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-mosh-pit-injuries/): Did you or a loved one suffer Texas mosh pit injuries? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - [Child Pornography in Texas: The Line Between Art & Illegality](https://versustexas.com/criminal/child-pornography-in-texas/): Do nude images of children constitute child pornography in Texas? The line between art and criminality aren't always clear. - [What is a Second Degree Felony in Texas? Penal Code 12.33](https://versustexas.com/criminal/second-degree-felony/): Our Texas criminal defense lawyer explains what a second degree felony is in Texas. - [Fort Worth Slip and Fall Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-slip-and-fall-injury-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth Slip and Fall Injury Lawyer explains what to do if you are injured in due to a slip and fall in or around Fort Worth. - [How to Fight DWI Breath Test in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/fight-dwi-breath-test-in-texas/): Want to fight DWI breath test in Texas? Start by challenging the Intoxilyzer 9000, the state's primary breath-testing instrument. - [How to Read a Texas Crash Report](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-read-a-texas-crash-report/): In this article, we explain how to read a Texas Crash Report, the codes used in a Texas Crash Report, and how officers are trained to complete these reports. - [Varghese Summersett Celebrates Houston Location with Ribbon-Cutting Ceremony](https://versustexas.com/blog/houston-ribbon-cutting/): Over 50 people gathered on December 19, 2024, for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Varghese Summersett’s Houston office to celebrate the firm’s expansion to a fourth location. - [Texas Is an At-Fault Accident State: What That Means for Drivers](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-is-an-at-fault-accident-state/): Texas is an at-fault accident state, meaning the driver responsible for an accident pays for damages. Learn how fault is determined and why legal help matters. - [Can a Divorce Be Sealed in Texas? Sealing Divorce Records](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-a-divorce-be-sealed/): In this article, our north Texas divorce lawyer answers, "Can a divorce be sealed in Texas?". - [What is Organized Retail Theft in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/organized-retail-theft-in-texas/): Learn about Organized Retail Theft in Texas, including the law, penalties, and possible defenses. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - [Should I Get a Lawyer for a Car Accident?](https://versustexas.com/blog/should-i-get-a-lawyer-for-a-car-accident/): If you were recently in a car accident, you may be wondering, "Should I get a lawyer for a car accident." We tell you when you should - and should not. - [What is Modified Comparative Negligence in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/modified-comparative-negligence-in-texas/): What is modified comparative negligence in Texas, and how does this principle affect liability decisions? - [Can You Spy on Your Spouse in Texas if You Suspect Cheating?](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-spy-on-your-spouse-in-texas/): Wondering if you can spy on your spouse in Texas? Learn what's legal under state law and avoid costly mistakes. Call Varghese Summersett today 817-203-2220. - [How to Fire Your Personal Injury Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/fire-your-personal-injury-attorney/): Sometimes, you have to fire your personal injury attorney. Here's everything you should know and a template to fire your personal injury attorney. - [Worst Cities for Commuters: Why Fort Worth Ranks 10th in the U.S.](https://versustexas.com/blog/worst-cities-for-commuters/): Fort Worth is ranked among the worst cities for commuters. Our personal Injury lawyers explain why. - [Asset Division in Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/divorce/asset-division-in-divorce-in-texas/): Learn about Asset Division in Divorce, the hidden complexities, and how to best navigate the division of assets. - [Auto Accident Lawyers Near Me: How to Find Out About Local Accidents](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/auto-accident-lawyers-near-me/): This page is helpful when you're looking for Auto Accident Lawyers Near Me and assists in finding accident information. - [How to Protect Your Job After a Personal Injury in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/protect-your-job-after-a-personal-injury/): Learn how to protect your job after a personal injury in Texas. Explore your rights under FMLA, ADA, and Texas workers’ compensation with Varghese Summersett. - [Age of Consent By State](https://versustexas.com/blog/age-of-consent-by-state/): The age of consent varies across the United States. Here's a look at the age of consent by state and an age of consent map. - [What is a Third Degree Felony in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/criminal/third-degree-felony/): In this post we explain third degree felony charges and the associated punishment range in Texas. - [Fiancé, Family Seek Answers After Deadly Wrong-Way Wreck in Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/blog/family-seeks-answers-after-wrong-way-wreck/): Chelsea Cook was killed, and her fiance, Evan Ranallo, was seriously injured in a wrong-way wreck in northwest Fort Worth. The family is seeking answers. - [Could Jason Kelce Face Legal Trouble for Smashing Heckler's Phone?](https://versustexas.com/blog/could-jason-kelce-face-legal-trouble/): A video showing Jason Kelce spiking a heckler's phone this weekend has gone viral. But will he face legal trouble? - [Uncontested Divorce in Texas: Cost, Timeline, and Expectations](https://versustexas.com/family/uncontested-divorce/): Here's what you should expect if you are considering an uncontested divorce in Texas. - [Lifetime Protective Orders in Family Law Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/lifetime-protective-orders/): The Texas Supreme Court ruled courts must apply a stricter standard of proof before issuing lifetime protective orders that sever a parent’s relationship with their children. - [Auto Insurance in Texas: Comprehensive Guide](https://versustexas.com/blog/auto-insurance-in-texas/): In this article, we discuss auto insurance in Texas so you can best protect yourself in case of an accident or loss. - [Time Limits to File a Claim Against the Government in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/time-limits-to-file-a-claim-against-the-government-in-texas/): Learn about the time limits to file a claim against the government in Texas. - [What are Signs You're Under Investigation by Law Enforcement?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-are-signs-you-are-under-investigation/): Do you suspect you're under investigation by law enforcement? Here are signs you are under investigation or could be. - [Texas Farm Animals Liability Act (FALA) and Injuries Related to Farm Animals](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-farm-animals-liability-act/): The Texas Farm Animals Liability Act limits liability for injuries caused by farm animals - but not completely. Learn more. - [Statute of Limitations for Personal Injury in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/statute-of-limitations-for-personal-injury-in-texas/): We explain the Statute of Limitations for Personal Injury in Texas. - [How the Texas Juvenile Justice System Handles Girls](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-juvenile-justice-system-handles-girls/): The Texas juvenile justice system is different for girls, than boys. Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick explains how and what family members can expect. - [How Long Can a Juvenile Be Detained in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/juvenile/how-long-can-a-juvenile-be-detained/): In this article, we discuss how long can a juvenile be detained in Texas. - [What is the Punishment Range for Juveniles in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/punishment-range-for-juveniles/): A Comprehensive Guide to the Punishment Range for Juveniles in Texas If your child is facing a juvenile charge, it... - [How Personal Injury Settlements are Paid Out in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-settlements/): Learn how personal injury settlements are paid out in Texas. Explore lump sum payments, structured settlements, and what happens after a settlement is reached. - [Understanding Sole Custody in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/sole-custody-in-texas/): Sole custody in Texas: Understand the legal process and what rights you have if you're granted sole custody. - [NYC Mayor Eric Adams Indictment Explained](https://versustexas.com/blog/mayor-eric-adams-indictment-explained/): Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese explains New York Mayor Eric Adams indictment. - [Is Texas a No-Fault Divorce State? | No-Fault vs. Fault Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-texas-a-no-fault-divorce-state/): In Texas, spouses can have a "no-fault divorce," which means no one has to prove any wrongdoing in the marriage. Learn more. - [What's Next for Diddy? Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Answer](https://versustexas.com/blog/whats-next-for-diddy/): Our federal criminal defense attorney addresses, What's next for Diddy? Learn about Diddy's potential sentence and his future. - [Varghese Summersett Expands to Houston with Fourth Location](https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-expands-to-houston/): Varghese Summersett expands to Houston, opening its fourth location in Texas. The high-caliber law firm handles criminal defense, personal injury, and family law matters. - [School Shooting Criminal Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/school-shooting-criminal-charges/): School shootings result in significant criminal charges. Learn more about what charges could stem from a school shooting in Texas. - [Who is More Likely to File for Divorce: The Husband or Wife?](https://versustexas.com/blog/who-is-more-likely-to-file-for-divorce/): Did you know that women are more likely to file for divorce than men? Find out why in this article. - [50/50 Custody in Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/50-50-custody-in-texas/): When parents separate, one of the biggest concerns is how to divide parenting time. An arrangement that is quickly becoming more popular is 50/50 custody. Learn more. - [Who is Responsible When a Drunk Driver Kills Someone?](https://versustexas.com/blog/drunk-driver-kills-someone/): Have you ever considered who is held responsible when a drunk driver kills someone? In this article our personal injury lawyer explains. - [Lessons from the Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/ben-affleck-and-jennifer-lopez-divorce/): Surprising twists and lessons to be learned from the Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez divorce case. - [Molly-Mae Hague & Tommy Fury: Why it Didn't Last](https://versustexas.com/blog/molly-mae-hague-tommy-fury-why-it-didnt-last/): Molly-Mae Hauge and Tommy Fury have ended their engagment. The divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett offer possible reasons for the reality couple's split. - [Varghese Summersett Makes Inc. 5000 List Of America’s Fastest-Growing Law Firms](https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-makes-the-inc-5000-list/): Varghese Summersett has been recognized as one of America's fastest-growing law firms, ranking No. 38 in the legal category on the 2024 Inc. 5000 list. Learn more. - [Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship](https://versustexas.com/blog/elena-rios-memorial-scholarship/): Are you an active member of the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County? Apply for the $1000 Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship today. - [Fort Worth Railroad Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-railroad-injury-lawyer/): Our Fort Worth Railroad Injury Lawyer explains how unique railroad injury claims are and how to best pursue these claims. - [Every Sexual Assault Charge in Texas Explained](https://versustexas.com/criminal/sexual-assault-in-texas/): In this article, we explain every sexual assault in Texas. Allegations of sexual assault are as varied as the reasons the accusations are made. - [What is Loss of Consortium in Texas PI Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/loss-of-consortium/): Understand loss of consortium in Texas PI cases. Learn how families can claim for the emotional and relational impact of a loved one's injury or death. Contact us for help. - [How Often Do People Die in Car Accidents in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/fatal-car-accidents-in-texas/): The number of fatal car accidents in Texas is alarming. Here's what you should do if you have lost someone in a fatal car accident. - [Sale, Distribution, or Display of Harmful Material to a Minor | Penal Code 43.24](https://versustexas.com/blog/display-of-harmful-material/): Penal Code 43.24 criminalizes the sale, distribution, or display of harmful material to a minor. Learn more about this charge in Texas. - [How to Get a Drug Possession Charge Dropped in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-possession-charge-dropped/): Wondering how to get a drug possession charge dropped or if it is possible at all? - [Chris Brown Accused of Assault: What Legal Challenges Lie Ahead](https://versustexas.com/blog/chris-brown-crew-accused-of-assault/): Chris Brown and his entourage face assault accusations and a $50 million lawsuit. Our legal team exams the civil and potential criminal challenges ahead. - [How to Get Out of Jury Duty in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-get-out-of-jury-duty-in-texas/): Trying to get out of jury duty in Texas? Here's legitimate exemptions and valid excuses that are likely to keep you off the panel. - [Child Custody for Fathers](https://versustexas.com/family/child-custody-for-fathers/): Child Custody for Fathers is an often misunderstood area of law. We address common misconceptions around child custody for dads in this article. - [Texas Teen Driving Laws: A Guide for Young Drivers & Parents](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-teen-driving-laws/): Getting a driver's license is a big deal for teens, but it also brings great responsibility. Learn about Texas teen driving laws and what to do if you get into an accident. - [Alternative Custody Schedules in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/alternative-custody-schedules/): Courts heavily favor Standard Possession Orders and Extended Possession Orders. Find out what alternative custody schedules look like in Texas. - [Mediated Settlement Agreements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/mediated-settlement-agreements/): Mediated Settlement Agreements (MSA) resolves family law disputes with clear terms, addressing property, custody, support, and maintenance. - [Lessons from the Momoa-Bonet Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/momoa-bonet-divorce/): The Momoa-Bonet divorce was just finalized. What lessons can you draw from this high-profile divorce if you're going through one yourself? - [J. Turner Thornton Receives Texas A&M Law Alumni Legacy Award](https://versustexas.com/blog/j-turner-thornton-receives-texas-am-law-alumni-legacy-award/): J. Turner Thorntonhas been selected by Texas A&M Law as a 2024 Alumni Legacy Award recipient — a prestigious honor that recognizes outstanding law school alumni. - [Why was Alec Baldwin's Criminal Case Dismissed?](https://versustexas.com/blog/baldwins-criminal-case-dismissed/): Why was Alec Baldwin's criminal case dismissed? A look at Brady and why dismissal was the only proper outcome after the prosecutors' failure to disclose evidence. - [Typical Car Accident Settlements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/typical-car-accident-settlements/): If you've been in an accident, you may be wondering what typical car accident settlements in Texas look like. Here's what you need to know. - [Tax Planning for Business Owner Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/tax-planning-for-business-owner-divorce/): Tax Planning for Business Owner Divorce is critical to protect what you have worked so hard to build. - [Trump Classified Documents Case Dismissed](https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-classified-documents-case-dismissed/): Trump Classified Documents Case Dismissed - Understand why and where the case goes from here. - [Invasive Visual Recording in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/invasive-visual-recording/): Invasive Visual Recording in Texas is a state jail felony. Learn more about the charge and defenses. - [Imposition of Death Penalty for Presidential Assassination](https://versustexas.com/blog/death-penalty-for-presidential-assassination/): What is the punishment for assassination and attempted assassination in the United States? Learn about the death penalty for presidential assassination, - [What is a De Novo Hearing in Texas Family Courts?](https://versustexas.com/blog/de-novo-hearing-in-texas-family-court/): In Texas family law cases, a party can appeal a ruling made by an asssociate judge to a district judge in what is known as a "de novo" hearing. Learn more. - [Phantom Drivers: Miss-and-Run Accidents in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/phantom-drivers/): Injured in a wreck caused by a phantom driver who left the scene? Call 817-203-2220 for a free, no-obligation consulationg with a member of our personal injury team. - [Can You Shoot Down a Drone in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/shoot-down-a-drone-in-texas/): We have strong rights to protect people and property in Texas, but what about your privacy. Can you shoot down a drone in Texas? - [How Many Times Can You Get Married in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-many-times-can-you-get-married/): It might seems obvious, but the questions comes up: how many times can you get married in Texas? - [Grounds for Modification of Child Custody](https://versustexas.com/blog/grounds-for-modification-of-child-custody/): Child custody agreements can be modified, even within a year. Learn about grounds for modification of child custody in Texas. - [Federal Statutes of Limitations](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-statutes-of-limitations/): There are federal statutes of limitations for both civil and criminal matters. Learn more about these statutes, why they exist, and important exceptions. - [Drug Defense Lawyer Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-defense-lawyer/): As a drug defense lawyer - [Family Court Lawyers at Varghese Summersett](https://versustexas.com/blog/family-court-lawyers/): Our family court lawyers at Varghese Summersett are known for their tenacious advocacy. Learn more about our team of family lawyers. - [Who Claims the Child on Federal Taxes with 50-50 Custody in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-taxes-with-50-50-custody/): Who claims the child on Federal Taxes with 50-50 Custody? We discuss the answer here as well as what you need to discuss with your lawyer before divorce. - [Deepfake Porn: Texas Law & New Federal Legislation](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-deepfake-porn/): Learn about Texas' deepfake porn law and proposed federal legislation. Contact Varghese Summersett for expert defense against these accusations. 817-203-2220 - [The U.S. TikTok Ban: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/the-u-s-tiktok-ban-what-you-need-to-know/): What are the chances of a U.S. TikTok ban and, if it happens, what will it mean to you - the regular user? We drill down in this article. - [Custodial Parent in Texas: Rights and Responsibilities](https://versustexas.com/blog/custodial-parent-in-texas/): In this article, our Texas family lawyers discuss what a custodial parent is in Texas and the rights and responsibilities of a custodial parent. - [Who Gets the Inheritance in Divorce in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/inheritance-in-divorce/): Do you know what happens to an inheritance in divorce in Texas? In this article we will explore the presumption and things that can change the presumption. - [Fentanyl Murder in Texas | Penal Code 19.02(b)(4)](https://versustexas.com/blog/fentanyl-murder-in-texas/): Fentanyl murder is defined in Texas Penal Code 19.02(b)4 and refers to the criminal charge arising out of the delivery or manufacturing of fentanyl that results in a death. - [The Most Common Fourth of July Crimes in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/most-common-fourth-of-july-crimes-in-texas/): Don't lose your freedom on the Fourth of July. Here's a look at the most common Fourth of July crimes in Texas. - [Eight Lessons from the Timberlake Arrest for DWI](https://versustexas.com/blog/timberlake-arrest/): Here are eight lessons you can learn from the Timberlake arrest for DWI. - [The Move to End No-Fault Divorces in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/no-fault-divorce/): All 50 states are no-fault divorce states, but some are questioning whether that should change. Here is the state of the law in Texas. - [Trump v. United States: Presidential Official-Acts Immunity](https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-v-united-states/): On July 1, 2024 the Supreme Court handed down Trump v. United States outlining presidential official acts immunity. Learn more. - [Qualified Immunity: The Government's Shield Against Liability](https://versustexas.com/blog/qualified-immunity/): In the realm of civil rights litigation , few legal doctrines have sparked as much debate and controversy as qualified... - [Uvalde Police Chief Indictment: Expert Analysis](https://versustexas.com/blog/uvalde-police-chief-indictment/): A detailed analysis of the Uvalde Police Chief Indictment for endangering a child in Texas. Here are the implications of this charge. - [Can You Refuse a Field Sobriety Test in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/refuse-a-field-sobriety-test/): Officers make it sound like you have to perform field sobriety tests if you are suspected of driving while intoxicated. Can you refuse a field sobriety test? - [Mandatory Reporting Requirement Law in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/mandatory-reporting-requirement/): Mandatory Reporting Requirement in Texas Mandatory Reporting refers to the legal obligation of individuals to report suspected cases of child... - [Post-Divorce Checklist: Steps to a Successful Fresh Start](https://versustexas.com/blog/post-divorce-checklist/): This post-divorce checklist will help you navigate life after separation and ensure your financial, legal, and personal matters are in order. - [United States v. Rahimi Ruling on Second Amendment Limitations](https://versustexas.com/blog/united-states-v-rahimi/): The Supreme Court handed down its decision in United States v. Rahimi. Does it clarify when restrictions can be placed on Second Amendment rights? - [What will the Julie Chrisley resentencing look like?](https://versustexas.com/blog/julie-chrisley-resentencing/): Julie Chrisley's sentence was reversed to exclude conduct from 2006. Here's a breakdown of what the Julie Chrisley resentencing will look like. - [Diaz v. United States: Expert Testimony in Criminal Trials](https://versustexas.com/blog/diaz-v-united-states/): Diaz v. United States: Gorsuch’s Dissent Takes Center Stage On June 20, 2024, the United States Supreme Court issued a... - [Intersection of Family and Criminal Law in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/intersection-of-family-and-criminal-law/): Allegations of criminal activity come up in family law cases. Learn more about the intersection of family and criminal law in Texas - [The Role of a Divorce Receiver](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-receiver-in-a-texas-divorce/): A Texas divorce receiver is a neutral third party appointed by the court to manage, preserve and even sell marital property and assets during contentious divorces. Learn more. - [When the Stands Aren't Safe: Rodeo Spectator Injuries](https://versustexas.com/blog/rodeo-spectator-injuries/): Injured while attending a Texas rodeo? Here's what you need to know about rodeo spectator injuries and how a personal injury lawyer can help. Call 817-203-2220 - [State v. Heath: Court of Criminal Appeals Clarifies Criminal Discovery in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/state-v-heath/): State v. Heath: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Clarifies Discovery Obligations On June 12, 2024, the Court of Criminal Appeals... - [Concert Injuries: Who is Responsibile and How to Seek Compensation](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-concert-injuries/): Did you or a loved one sustain concert injuries in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - [Garland v. Cargill: Supreme Court Bump Stock Decision](https://versustexas.com/blog/supreme-court-bump-stock-decision/): On Jun 14, 2024, the Supreme Court Bump Stock decision was handed down, changing the state of the law in the United States. Does it foreshadow future decisions? - [Texas Blue Laws: When Can You Buy Liquor, Wine, Beer...and a Car?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-blue-laws/): Texas Blue Laws restrict when liquor, beer, wine, and cars can be sold in Texas. - [Texas Juvenile Defense Guide](https://versustexas.com/juvenile/texas-juvenile-defense-guide/): This guide to juvenile defense in Texas provides an overview of key aspects of the juvenile justice system, from initial intake to potential sentencing. - [Morals Clauses and Criminal Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/morals-clauses-and-criminal-charges/): What happens when you get arrested while you have a morals clause? Many corporate officers, entertainers, and athletes have morals... - [Young Thug Trial: Admissibility of Rap Lyrics in Criminal Trials](https://versustexas.com/blog/rap-lyrics-in-criminal-trials/): The admissability of rap lyrics in criminal trials is a contentious issue, raising questions about free speech, artistic expression and potential racial bias. Learn more. - [How Much Insurance Should I Have in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-much-insurance/): How much insurance should you have? That's definitely a question you want to answer before you have the need to make a claim. Learn more here. - [Texas Law Against Marketing E-Cigarettes To Minors: What You Need To Know  ](https://versustexas.com/blog/marketing-e-cigarettes-to-minors/): In Texas, marketing e-cigarettes to minors is a crime. Here's what you need to know about this new law. - [Allen Charge: What is it and When it is Used in a Criminal Trial?](https://versustexas.com/blog/allen-charge/): The Allen Charge, also known as a Dynamite Charge, is meant to break open a deadlock among jurors. But is it always the right call? - [Fraternity Hazing in Texas: What Students Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/fraternity-hazing-in-texas/): Fraternity hazing in Texas is a crime that can follow you far beyond your college years. Here's what you need to know about the offense and potential consequences. - [Varghese Summersett Celebrates Grand Opening in Southlake ](https://versustexas.com/blog/southlake-grand-opening/): Dozens of people gathered for a ribbon-cutting ceremony to celebrate Varghese Summersett's Southlake grand opening - the firm's expansion to a third location. - [Is It Illegal to Wear Headphones While Driving in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/illegal-to-wear-headphones-while-driving-in-texas/): Is It Illegal to Wear Headphones While Driving in Texas? No state law in Texas makes it illegal to wear... - [Texas Inspection Sticker Requirement Ending in 2025](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-inspection-sticker/): The Texas Inspection Sticker requirement will see major changes in 2025. Here's what you need to know. - [Secrets to Maximize a GEICO Insurance Claim in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-a-geico-insurance-claim/): In this article we share insider insights and the secrets to maximize a GEICO Insurance Claim in Texas. - [What is the Attorney-Client Privilege in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-client-privilege-in-texas/): In Texas, the attorney-client privilege is a legal safeguard that protects confidential communications between attorneys and their clients. Learn more. - [Child Hurt in a Car Accident in Texas? Here's What You Need to Do](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-hurt-in-a-car-accident-in-texas/): Child hurt in a car accident in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - [Golden Bachelor Divorce: 3 Reasons Why It Didn't Work](https://versustexas.com/blog/golden-bachelor-divorce/): Many people were suprised by the Golden Bachelor divorce - but not us! The divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain why the marriage was over before it started. - [Wrongful Death in Jail | Successfully Suing for an Inmate Death](https://versustexas.com/blog/wrongful-death-in-jail/): Suing over an inmate death is no small undertaking. In the article, we explain wrongful death in jail lawsuits and what it takes to be successful. - [Varghese Summersett Awards, Honors, and Recognition](https://versustexas.com/blog/awards/): The awards the firm and its members have received are a testament to our commitment to providing unmatched results and unparalleled service. - [Legality of Delta 8 THC, Delta 9 THC, Delta 10 THC & THCA in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/delta-8-9-10-thca-texas/): Delta 8 THC and Delta 10 THC has become popular alternatives to Delta 9 THC in Texas. Many believe THCA is a legal loophole in Texas. Find out the truth. - [School Threats in Texas: The Crimes and Consequences](https://versustexas.com/blog/school-threats-in-texas/): School officials and police take school threats in Texas extremely seriously. Here's what charges you could face for making a school threat - even if it was a prank or hoax. - [Assault on a Pregnant Woman in Texas | Pregnant Person Assault](https://versustexas.com/blog/assault-on-a-pregnant-woman-in-texas/): Accused of assault on a pregnant woman in North Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - [Protests in Texas and Limitations on Free Speech](https://versustexas.com/blog/protests-in-texas/): Protests in Texas have limitations. Using the events at the University of Texas as an example, here's what you need to know about protests and limits. - [Can Personal Injury Settlements Affect Child Support in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/injury-settlements-affect-child-support/): Personal injury settlements affect child support in Texas in many cases, especially if you are behind. Here's what you need to know. - [Illegal Internet Search Attorney](https://versustexas.com/criminal/illegal-internet-search-attorney/): Can your internet searches get you in trouble? Learn about how dangerous this can be from our illegal internet search attorney. - [Silent Divorce Dynamics: Together But Apart](https://versustexas.com/family/silent-divorce/): A silent divorce refers to a situation where a married couple remains legally married but has effectively ended their emotional and often physical relationship. Learn more. - [Juror Reportedly "Quits" Trump Hush Money Trial | Can a Juror Quit?](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-a-juror-quit/): Can a juror quit? Despite what some news outlets are reporting, a juror cannot just quit. So what really happened in Trump's hush money trial? - [When Will Texas Legalize Sports Betting?](https://versustexas.com/blog/will-texas-legalize-sports-betting/): Efforts to legalize sports betting in Texas have failed so far. When will it pass? - [Varghese Summersett Expands to Southlake](https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-expands-to-southlake/): Varghese Summersett expands to Southlake with divisions for personal injury, criminal defense, and family law. - [Eclipse Tourists: Texas Laws You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/eclipse-tourists/): Traveling to Texas for the April 8 solar eclipse? Here's some Texas laws eclipse tourists should know about during their stay in the Lone Star State. - [Will Texas Legalize Marijuana?](https://versustexas.com/blog/will-texas-legalize-marijuana/): Marijuana is not legal in Texas. When will it be legalized? In the midst of a nation shifting its view... - [Is Marriage Counseling Required During a Divorce in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-marriage-counseling-required-during-a-divorce-in-texas/): If you are wondering, "is marriage counseling required" before or during a divorce in Texas, this article explains it. - [Misdemeanor to Felony: DWI to Intoxication Manslaughter in TX](https://versustexas.com/blog/intoxication-charges-in-texas/): Intoxication charges in Texas range from misdemeanor DWI to felony Intoxication Manslaughter charges. Learn more. - [Dallas Injury to a Child Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/dallas/injury-to-a-child/): Our Dallas injury to a child lawyer explains the offense, punishment range, and possible defenses. - [Texas Wrong Way Driver Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrong-way-driver/): Our wrong way driver accident lawyer breaks down what to do if you or a loved one was injured by a driver going the wrong way. - [How Are Business Assets Divided in a Texas Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/business-assets-in-divorce/): There are several ways to divide business assets in divorce in Texas. Contact Varghese Summersett Family Law Group at (817) 900-3220. - [Walmart Forklift Death: Answers for Elena Rios](https://versustexas.com/blog/answers-for-elena-rios/): On February 16, 2024, Elena Rios was tragically killed in a Walmart forklift accident. If you have information call 817-207-4878. - [Personal Injury Case Timeline](https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-case-timeline/): If you have suffered a loss, you may be wondering what a personal injury case timeline looks like. In this article we discuss the factors that affect this. - [What To Do If A Detective Calls](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-if-a-detective-calls/): What to do if a detective calls? This article outlines what you should and should not do. (Hint: Call a defense attorney ASAP). - [An Ethical Guide to Referral Fees in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/referral-fees-in-texas/): Referral fees in Texas can be paid under the right set of circumstances. - [Adultery in Military Marriages: What Happens if You Cheat?](https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-in-military-marriages/): Adultery in military marriages isn't a private matter - it's a crime. Find out the consequences of engaging in extramarital sexual conduct. - [New Texas Law Bans Surprise Ambulance Bills](https://versustexas.com/blog/surprise-ambulance-bills/): On January 1, 2024, a new law went into effect in Texas preventing patients from recieving a surprise ambulance bill. Here's what you need to know. - [How to Prove Wrongful Death in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-prove-wrongful-death/): Our Personal Injury lawyer explains how to prove wrongful death in Texas. - [Legal Legends Share Wisdom, Stories With VS Team](https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-legends-share-wisdom-stories/): Varghese Summersett was honored to host two legal legends - retired Judge Louis Sturns and renowned Defense Attorney Mike Heiskell - to commemorate Black History Month. - [Dealing with a False Accusation of Domestic Violence](https://versustexas.com/blog/false-accusation-of-domestic-violence/): A false accusation of domestic violence can ruin a person's life. Our law firm can help you understand how to respond to wrongful allegation. - [Texas Car Crash Statistics 2023 vs. 2022](https://versustexas.com/blog/crash-statistics-in-texas/): Texas has set a goal of having no deaths on Texas roadways by 2050. How are we doing? Here's a look at car crash statistics from 2022 and 2023. - [Delayed Pain after a Car Accident: The Hidden Impact](https://versustexas.com/blog/delayed-pain-after-a-car-accident/): Suffering from delayed pain after a car accident? Symptoms often don't appear until days later. Call for a free consultation with a Texas injury lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT). - [What is my car accident worth? Average car accident TX](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-my-car-accident-worth/): Whether you want to know "What is my car accident worth" or you are looking for a car accident settlement value calculator, here is what you need to know. - [Texas Family Law Glossary | Legal Jargon](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-family-law-glossary/): If you're going through a divorce or family law case in Texas, you'll likely hear many legal terms and phrases that are unfamiliar to you. Check out our Texas family law glossary. - [How Many Times Will You Crash a Car In Your Lifetime?](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-many-times-will-you-crash-a-car/): Most people will crash a car 3 to 4 times in their lifetime, filing a collission claim once every 18 years. Here's a look at some other interesting car crash statistics. - [Surviving Valentine’s Day During Divorce: Top 10 Tips](https://versustexas.com/blog/valentines-day-during-divorce/): Surviving Valentine’s Day during divorce can be emotionally challenging, especially when reminders of love and romance are everywhere. Here's 10 tips to get you through the day. - [Top Mistakes Men Make in Divorce and How to Avoid Them](https://versustexas.com/blog/mistakes-men-make-in-divorce/): These are the top Mistakes Men Make in Divorce and how to avoid them. - [New Law: Texas Family Violence Offender Database](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-family-violence-offender-database/): Texans with two or more convictions for family violence will be entered into a database maintained by DPS. Learn more about the Texas family violence offender database. - [What happens when multiple people are injured in an accident?](https://versustexas.com/blog/multiple-people-are-injured-in-an-accident/): What happens when multiple people are injured in an accident and there are not enough funds to pay for everyone? The Soriano Rule in Texas. - [Mistakes After an Accident to Avoid](https://versustexas.com/blog/mistakes-after-an-accident/): Avoid mistakes after an accident. Learn essential steps to protect your rights and secure a just outcome. Stay informed & safe. - [Choosing Your Ideal Auto Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/auto-accident-lawyer/): We begin by discussing the cardinal role of an auto accident lawyer: legal expertise. Car accident cases aren’t just about who was right or wrong on the road. - [Halloween Visitation in Texas: Who Gets the Kids? [2025]](https://versustexas.com/blog/halloween-visitation/): In Texas, Halloween visitation is not included in the Standard Possession Order. That means the parent who has regular visitation on the day Halloween falls will have the kids. - [Texas Christmas Visitation: When Do You Get the Kids?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-christmas-visitation-schedule/): In Texas, most divorced or separated parents alternate years for Christmas visitation in Texas. Here's what you need to know for 2023. - [Quiz: Is My Spouse Addicted to Pornography?](https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-addicted-to-pornography/): If you’re questioning, ‘is my spouse addicted to pornography,’ you are likely confronting difficult emotions and seeking concrete answers. Pornography - [QUIZ: Is My Spouse Addicted to Gambling? Stay or Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-addicted-to-gambling/): Is your spouse addicted to gambling? Learn if it is time for intervention. Take the quiz to find out if your spouse is a gambling addict. - [Fort Worth Hotel Explosion | What We Know So Far](https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-hotel-explosion/): We're just a few blocks from where the Fort Worth hotel explosion took place yesterday. We're keeping a close eye on developments. Here's what you need to know. - [Pornhub Blocks Texas Users Over Age Verification Law [2025]](https://versustexas.com/blog/age-verification-law-texas/): Texas passed an age verification law last year requiring visitors to porn sites to verify they are over age 18. Pornhub responded by blocking Texas users. Learn more. - [Retrograde Extrapolation And Blood Alcohol Calculations](https://versustexas.com/blog/retrograde-extrapolation/): Discover Retrograde Extrapolation: Calculate past BAC in DWI cases with our guide and interactive calculator. Understand its legal impact. - [Fake Vehicle Inspections In Texas | “Clean Scan” Scam](https://versustexas.com/blog/fake-vehicle-inspections/): Accused of issuing or possessing fake vehicle inspections in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - [SR-22 Insurance | Texas DWI Insurance](https://versustexas.com/blog/sr-22-insurance/): If you're convicted of DWI in Texas, you’ll be required to file an SR-22 Insurance Certificate with DPS to retain your license. Here's what you need to know. - [Varghese Summersett Acquires Renowned Family Law Firm](https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-acquires-griffin-firm/): Varghese Summersett, one of the fastest-growing personal injury, criminal defense, and family law practices in North Texas, has acquired The Griffin Firm. - [Is Public Urination Illegal In Texas? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/public-urination/): In Texas, public urination is illegal and can result in fines and community service. Here's what you need to know before you about the Class C misdemeanor. - [Divorce Consultation Questions: What to Ask the Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-consultation-questions/): When you meet with a divorce attorney for the first time, it's important to have a list of questions ready to go. Here's some important divorce consultation questions. - [Holiday Safety Tips for a Hazard-Free Season](https://versustexas.com/blog/holiday-safety-tips/): No one wants to spend the holidays in the hospital due to an unexpected accident and injury. Here's some holiday safety tips to keep you out of the emergency room. - [Varghese Summersett Celebrates New Space With Ribbon Cutting Ceremony](https://versustexas.com/blog/ribbon-cutting/): Varghese Summersett celebrated its relocation to a larger, gorgeous new space with a ribbon cutting ceremony on November 14, 2023. - [Christmas Tree Accidents: Safety Tips for a Happy Holiday](https://versustexas.com/blog/christmas-tree-accidents/): Christmas tree accidents send hundreds of people to the hospital each year. Here's some safety tips to keep you and your family safe. Injured? Call 817-207-4878 for free consult. - [9 Signs You’re Ready to Adopt in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/ready-to-adopt/): Considering adoption in Texas? Here are nine signs that you're ready to adopt and how Varghese Summersett can guide you through the process. Call (817) 203-2220. - [National Adoption Month | Support Our 2023 Teddy Drive](https://versustexas.com/blog/national-adoption-month/): Support National Adoption Month! Donate a stuffed animal for every child adopted in Tarrant County. Find out how. - [Is Your Marriage Headed for Divorce? 6 Stages of Marital Crisis](https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-crisis/): Is your marriage headed for divorce? Understand the six stages of marital crisis. Reach out to Varghese Summersett's experienced divorce attorneys at 817-900-3220. - [What Is A Prosecutor? Role, Responsibilities, And True North](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-prosecutor/): What is a prosecutor? We explain a prosecutor's role, responsibilities and what makes a prosecutor great. - [U.S. Trucking Accidents: A State-by-State Analysis](https://versustexas.com/blog/trucking-accidents/): Check out this state-by-state breakdown of trucking accidents in the U.S., including common crash causes and peak danger times, with a spotlight on Texas. - [How Long Does It Take To Get Child Support in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-child-support-in-texas/): Our Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer answers How Long Does It Take To Get Child Support in Texas - [Texas Traffic Stop: What if You Have Drugs, Guns or Alcohol?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-traffic-stop/): Getting pulled over is nervewracking, but what if you have marijuanna, a gun or open container in the car? Here's a look at Texas traffic stop scenarios and consequences. - [Marital Property Agreements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-property-agreements-in-texas/): Protect your assets. Contact us for legal assistance with marital property agreements in Texas and learn how they protect you in the event of divorce. 817-900-3220. - [Divorce for First Responders in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-for-first-responders/): Divorce for first responders comes with its own unique set of challenges. We can help. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with an experienced Fort Worth divorce laywer. - [Personal Injury Depositions: What You Need to Know [2024]](https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-depositions/): Personal injury depositions in Texas are an important part of the litigation process. Here's what you need to know. - [Enforcement of Texas Family Court Orders | Failure to Comply](https://versustexas.com/blog/enforcement-of-texas-family-court-orders/): Get expert guidance on enforcement of Texas family court orders. Whether you're enforcing or defending, our law firm can help. 817-900-3220 - [Non-Economic Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/non-economic-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/): Non-economic damages in Texas personal injury cases refer to compensation for intangible losses, such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Learn more. - [Punitive Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/punitive-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/): Punitive damages in Texas personal injury cases are awarded to victims who were injured due to another person or company's fraud, malice or gross negligence. Learn more. - [What You Need to Know about Open Carry in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/open-carry-texas/): There's a lot of confusion about open in carry in Texas. Here's a look at the law and answers to some frequently asked questions regarding license to carry. - [What is a Motion to Suppress Evidence in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/motion-to-suppress-evidence-in-texas/): If successful, a motion to suppress evidence in Texas is often a game-changer for the defendant. Find out why in this article and video. - [What Happens When Texas CPS Removes a Child? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-cps/): If Texas CPS takes your child, it means they suspect abuse or neglect. Learn more about CPS investigations and what happens after CPS removes a child. - [What To Expect When a Divorce Goes to Trial in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/when-a-divorce-goes-to-trial/): Divorce trials are not very common, but they can be nerve-wracking if you aren't prepared. Here's what to expect when a divorce goes to trial in Texas. - [Determining Fault In a Car Accident [Texas]](https://versustexas.com/blog/determining-fault-in-a-car-accident/): Determining fault in a car accident is a critical part of the legal process. Learn about comparative modified liability in Texas. - [Do You Need An Attorney For A Truck Accident Case?](https://versustexas.com/blog/do-you-need-an-attorney-for-a-truck-accident-case/): If you've wondered "do you need an attorney for a truck accident case" we answer the question definitively. - [Tips for Driving In Bad Weather in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/driving-in-bad-weather/): Texas is known for it's crazy weather, which is why it's important to be prepared for anything. Here's some tips for driving in bad weather in the Lone Star State. - [What is the Good Samaritan Law in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/good-samaritan-law/): The Good Samaritan Law in Texas provides legal protection to people who voluntarily help someone who is injured or in danger. Learn more. - [Maximize Your Settlement with a Personal Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-your-settlement/): If you have been injured in an accident, don't try and handle your personal injury claim alone. Maximize your settlement with a personal injury lawyer. Call 817-203-2220. - [5 Ways To Strengthen Your Personal Injury Case](https://versustexas.com/blog/strengthen-your-personal-injury-case/): Injured in an accident due to another person's negligence? Here's 5 effective ways to strengthen your personal injury case. - [A Guide to Wrongful Death Claims [TX]](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death-claims/): If you lost a loved one due to someone else's negligence, you may be able to pursue legal action for compensation and justice. Learn about wrongful death claims. - [When and How To Hire A Personal Injury Lawyer in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-hire-a-personal-injury-lawyer/): Need to hire a personal injury lawyer, but don't know where to start? This article will guide you when and how to hire a personal injury lawyer. - [Unscrupulous Insurance Company Tactics In Accident Claims](https://versustexas.com/blog/insurance-company-tactics/): When it comes to accident claims, insurance companies try to pay as little as possible. Here's a look at common insurance company tactics to avoid paying full compensation. - [Safe Driving Tips For Different Seasons in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/safe-driving-tips-for-different-seasons-in-texas/): Texas is known for it's diverse land and diverse seasons. Here are the best safe driving tips for different seasons in Texas. - [PIP Coverage and MedPay in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/pip-coverage/): PIP Coverage and MedPay are two types of insurance that can pay for medical bills after an accident that too few people really know about or understand. - [Is It Worth Getting a Lawyer for a Car Accident](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-worth-getting-a-lawyer-for-a-car-accident/): Is it worth getting a lawyer for a car accident? Here are the factors you should consider. - [Elements Needed To Prove Negligence In Wrongful Death Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/negligence-in-wrongful-death-cases/): Learn about Negligence In Wrongful Death cases and why that matters in claims and cases brought for wrongful death. - [Length of Personal Injury Case: How Long a PI Case Takes in TX](https://versustexas.com/blog/length-of-a-personal-injury-case/): The length of a personal injury case in Texas - or anywhere - can vary widely based on a number of variables. Find out what can make a case settle fast or prolong it. - [How Medical Bills Are Paid After a Car Accident?](https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/medical-bills/): If you've been injured in car accident, you may be wondering how your medical bills paid after a car accident. In this post we answer that. - [Most Dangerous Highways in Dallas](https://versustexas.com/blog/most-dangerous-highways-in-dallas/): Do you know the most dangerous highways in Dallas? This articles cover them so you know where to take extra precautions. - [Common ATV Injuries](https://versustexas.com/blog/atv-injuries/): ATV accidents are on the rise in Texas. Here are some of the most common ATV injuries and what you should do if you or a loved one is injured. - [What are Texas Car Accident Policy Limits?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-car-accident-policy-limits/): Our Fort Worth personal injury attorneys explain Texas car accident policy limits and how we fight to get maximum compensation. - [Can a Child Refuse Visitation in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-refuse-visitation-in-texas/): In Texas, a child cannot refuse visitation in Texas until they turn 18. Here's what to do if your child doesn't want to go with mom or dad. - [DWI Open Container in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/dwi-open-container-in-texas/): DWI Open Container in Texas explained. Understand the charge, enhanced punishment, and defenses. - [Navigating Pet Custody Agreements in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/pet-custody-agreements-in-texas/): Pets are treated as property under Texas law. While this may not align with how we feel about pets, here's what you need to know about Pet Custody Agreements in Texas. - [Days as a Condition of DWI Probation in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/days-as-a-condition-of-dwi-probation/): For some DWI offenses in Texas, there are days as a condition of DWI probation. Learn about Days as a Condition of DWI Probation. - [Ty Stimpson Named the 2023 Young Professional of the Year](https://versustexas.com/blog/young-professional-of-the-year/): Attorney Ty Stimpson was named the 2023 Young Professional of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber. Read more about Ty and this prestigous honor. - [Understanding Adoption Evaluations in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-evaluation-in-texas/): Need expert guidance with adoption evaluation in Texas? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group for help navigating the adoption process with confidence. - [Federal Firearms Charges: 2026 Guide to Federal Gun Charges & Penalties](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-firearm-charges/): Facing federal gun charges? A Board Certified criminal lawyer explains every federal firearms charge under 18 U.S.C. §§ 922 & 924, penalties, and defenses. - [Amendment 821 Reduction | Two Level Reduction Eligibility Quiz](https://versustexas.com/blog/retroactivity-of-amendment-821/): Amendment 821 brought a two level reduction that applies retroactively for some federal inmates. - [New Law: Texas Drunk Drivers Must Pay Child Support If a Parent Is Killed](https://versustexas.com/blog/drunk-drivers-must-pay-child-support/): Under a new Texas law, drunk drivers must pay child support if a parent is killed in a crash. Learn about the new law. - [Forms of Discovery in a Family Law Case Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/forms-of-discovery-in-texas-family-law/): Discovery in Texas family law can be confusing. In this articles, our attorneys the expain the the forms of discovery in Texas family law cases. - [Trump's Georgia Indictment Explained [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/trumps-georgia-indictment/): Donald Trump and 18 of his allies have been indicted in Georgia on accusations they tried to overturn the state's 2020 election returns. Learn about Trump's Georgia indictment - [What Happens if Your Spouse Dies During Divorce in Texas [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-dies-during-divorce/): What happens if your spouse dies during divorce in Texas? This article provides guidance on property, custody, support, and more. - [Campus Carry and Age Requirements for Gun Possession in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/campus-carry-explained/): The comprehensive campus carry guide for Texas colleges and universities. - [Who Can File a Wrongful Death Suit in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/who-can-file-a-wrongful-death-suit-in-texas/): Who can file a wrongful death suit in Texas? The answer might surprise you. Check out this comprehensive guide. - [Supervised Visitation in Texas: How it Works [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/supervised-visitation-in-texas/): Supervised visitation in Texas is a court-ordered arrangement in which a non-custodial parent can only visit their child in the presence of a designated supervisor. Learn more. - [How are Texas Parental Rights Affected by Drug Use? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-rights-affected-by-drug-use/): Are your parental rights affected by drug use accusations? Contact the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group today. Our experienced team of attorneys can help. - [Trump Election Interference Indictment Explained [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-election-interference-indictment/): A federal grand jury has indicted former President Trump on accusations he tried to overturn 2020 election results. Learn about the Trump election interference indictment. - [Co-Parenting Tips for Divorced Parents](https://versustexas.com/blog/co-parenting-tips/): Divorce isn't easy, especially for children. These 6 co-parenting tips can help bridge the gap between separated parents and help ensure your children feel secure and loved. - [Garrity Warnings](https://versustexas.com/blog/garrity-warnings/): Garrity warnings play a critical role in protecting law enforcement, if you know how to use the warnings. - [Intentional Underemployment in Texas Divorce](https://versustexas.com/family/intentional-underemployment/): Intentional underemployment in Texas divorce can affect child and spousal support payments. The Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help. Contact us today. - [VS Attorneys Give TCU Football Team the Legal Playbook [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/tcu-football-team/): TCU officials invited attorneys from Varghese Summersett to speak to the TCU football team about common criminal mistakes and how to stay on the right side of the law. - [AI in Medicine Scholarship](https://versustexas.com/blog/ai-in-medicine-scholarship/): The AI in Medicine Scholarship, sponsored by Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is designed to support the next generation of healthcare professionals who - [PPP Fraud Investigations](https://versustexas.com/blog/ppp-fraud-investigations/): PPP fraud investigations are picking up speed. If you are the target of a PPP or Covid-19 investigation, contact us immediately. - [Texas Divorce Checklist: How to Prepare for Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-checklist/): Get prepared for divorce with our comprehensive Texas divorce checklist. First step? Call an experienced Fort Worth divorce attorney at (817) 900-3220. - [Federal Plea And Re-Arraignment: What You Need To Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-plea/): Pleas in federal criminal court are very different than pleas in state court. Here's what happens during a federal plea proceeding or re-arraignment hearing. - [Do Gifts Count Toward Child Support Payments in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/gifts-count-toward-child-support/): Parents sometimes wonder if gifts count toward child support payments in Texas? The answer is no. Find out why in this article. - [Texas Private School Expenses After Divorce: Who Pays Tuition?](https://versustexas.com/blog/private-school-expenses-after-divorce/): Who foots the bill for Texas private school expenses after divorce? Texas law doesn't say. Our Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain in this article. - [Required Initial Disclosures in Texas Divorce and Family Law Cases [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/initial-disclosures-in-texas-family-law/): Our attorneys explain initial disclosures in Texas divorce and family law cases and why you have to turn over important documents and information. - [What is a Federal Safety Valve? | Dallas Federal Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-safety-valve/): The federal safety valve could offer hope for a reduced sentence for someone facing a federal conviction. Call the Dallas office of Varghese Summersett today. - [Open Container Laws in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/open-container-laws/): Have you wondered what the open container laws are in Texas? How to they apply in different situations? - [Can You Sue for Road Rage Injuries and Accidents [TX]](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-sue-for-road-rage/): Road rage is one the rise and Texas is a leading state for road rage incidents. Can you sue for road rage injuries or death? Find out in this article - [Sexless Marriage and Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/sexless-marriage-and-divorce/): A sexless marriage is a tough place to be and can lead to thoughts of divorce. We explore sexless marriage and divorce as wells as ways to avoid a divorce. - [Can I Voluntarily Terminate Parental Rights? I Owe Child Support](https://versustexas.com/blog/voluntarily-terminate-parental-rights/): If you voluntarily terminate parental rights in Texas, it does not erase past-due child support. Learn more. - [What are the Holley Factors in Texas Parental Termination?](https://versustexas.com/blog/holley-factors-in-texas-parental-termination-cases/): Contact Varghese Summersett's Family Law Group to learn more about the Holley Factors in Texas parental termination cases, what they are, and their importance. - [Role of Texas Attorney General in Child Support Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-attorney-general-in-child-support-cases/): The main role of the Texas Attorney General in Child Support Cases is to ensure that financial support is being provided to the child. Learn more. - [Divorcing a Mentally Ill Spouse in Texas: You Need to Know This](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorcing-a-mentally-ill-spouse-in-texas/): Divorcing a mentally ill spouse in Texas has its own unique challenges. Here's what you need to know about child custody, property division, and support. - [What if Both Spouses Want to Stay in Marital Home During Divorce? [TX]](https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-home-during-divorce/): Learn about living together in the marital home during divorce proceedings in Texas and how Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help. Call us at 817-900-3220. - [37 Types of Car Accident Injuries and How to Get Help](https://versustexas.com/blog/car-accident-injuries/): Car accident injuries can vary in severity and type. Our personal injury lawyer explains the types of injuries a person might have after a car wreck. - [Public Lewdness vs. Indecent Exposure in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/public-lewdness-vs-indecent-exposure/): There is a meaningful distinction between Public Lewdness vs. Indecent Exposure in Texas. Learn about the charges and your best defense. - [Attorney Ty Stimpson Honored by State Bar of Texas for Leadership](https://versustexas.com/blog/ty-stimpson-honored-by-state-bar-of-texas/): Attorney Ty Stimpson was honored by the State Bar of Texas for his yearlong role in LeadershipSBOT. Learn more about this prestigous recognition. - [Ty Stimpson Receives the 2023 "Legend in the Making" Award for Law](https://versustexas.com/blog/ty-stimpson-receives-legend-in-the-making-award/): Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is the recipient of the 2023 Dr. Marion J. Brooks Legend in the Making Award for Law. - [What’s the Difference between an AMBER Alert and Athena Alert?](https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-between-amber-alert-and-athena-alert/): Both the AMBER Alert and Athena Alert save children's lives, but there are distinct differences between the two. Here's what you need to know. - [Trump Federal Indictment: Classified Documents Case](https://versustexas.com/blog/donald-trump-federal-indictment/): Former President Donald Trump has been indicted over his handling of classified documents after he left the White House. Learn about the Trump federal indictment. - [Child Custody Evaluations in Texas Explained](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-custody-evaluations-in-texas/): Child custody evaluations in Texas help courts make informed decisions about child custody and visitation. Lean more about this extremely important process. - [Types of Economic Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases [2025]](https://versustexas.com/blog/economic-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/): Economic damages in Texas personal injury cases cover the injured party's medical bills, lost wages and more. Learn more. - [Fort Worth Lane Change Crash Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-lane-change-laws/): If you were injured in a crash caused by a negligent or reckless driver's lane change, call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth lane change crash attorney. - [What's the Difference Between Probation and Deferred Adjudication?](https://versustexas.com/blog/probation-and-deferred-adjudication/): If you are facing a criminal charge in Dallas, consult with a probation and deferred adjudication lawyer. Call the experienced team at Varghese Summersett. - [Divorcing an Alcoholic: A Comprehensive Guide](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorcing-an-alcoholic/): Understanding the challenges associated with divorcing an alcoholic is the first step in navigating this difficult process. It's important to educate yourself - [Pro Se Divorce in Texas: Why You Really Need a Lawyer [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/pro-se-divorce-in-texas/): In Texas, you do not have to have an attorney to get divorced, but it's generally not a good idea to go it alone. Here's why a pro-se divorce is not advisable. - [Summer Visitation in Texas: When Do You Get the Kids?](https://versustexas.com/family/summer-visitation-in-texas/): During the summer, the non-custodial parent gets 30 days of continuous possession. Here's what you need to know about summer visitation in Texas. - [Varghese Summersett Teams Up With Ravens’ Wide Receiver Tylan Wallace](https://versustexas.com/blog/tylan-wallace-football-camp/): Varghese Summersett was honored to team up for the Tylan Wallace Football Camp for youth. - [What is an Adoption Evaluator in Texas? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-evaluator-in-texas/): The important of an adoption evaluator can't be overstated. They evaluate the prospective parent and report their findings to the court. Learn more. - [How to Maximize an Auto Injury Claim Against USAA Insurance](https://versustexas.com/blog/claim-against-usaa/): Ready to file an auto injury claim against USAA insurance? Call 817-297-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth personal injury lawyer. - [Protective Order Violation in Dallas: What To Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/protective-order-violation-in-dallas/): Here's what you need to know about violation of protective order in Texas. - [Civil Statute of Limitations Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-statute-of-limitations-texas/): Civil statute of limitations Texas govern how long a person has to bring a claim. Understand the reasons why we have a civil statute of limitations. - [Most Dangerous Roads and Intersections in Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/blog/most-dangerous-roads-and-intersections/): Fort Worth's most dangerous roads and intersections require caution and safety tips to avoid accidents. Learn how Varghese Summersett can help if you're injured - [Fort Worth Seatbelt Injury Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/common-seatbelt-injuries/): Injured due to a defective or faulty seatbelt? Suffering from seatbelt injuries due to a negligent driver? Talk to Fort Worth seatbelt injury lawyer: 817-207-4878 (HURT) - [How to Maximize a Claim Against Chubb Insurance](https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-a-claim-against-chubb-insurance/): Chubb adjusters have been trained to pay out as little as possible. Here's what you should know and do if you have a claim against Chubb. - [What happens if a vehicle is out of inspection in an accident?](https://versustexas.com/blog/car-inspection-laws-in-texas/): Learn about car inspection laws in Texas, the safety requirements, inspection costs, and how Varghese Summersett can help with legal issues. Call 817-207-4878. - [Back Pain After a Car Accident in Texas: Compensation in 2024](https://versustexas.com/blog/back-pain-after-a-car-accident-in-texas/): Suffering from back pain after a car accident in Texas? Call Varghese Summersett at (817) 207-4878 for a free consultation with an experienced car accident lawyer. - [11 Questions to Ask in a Car Accident Lawyer Consultation [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/car-accident-lawyer-consultation/): Injured in a car wreck and want to pursue a personal injury claim? Here are 11 crucial questions you should ask during a car accident lawyer consultation. - [What is the average time to settle a car accident lawsuit in TX?](https://versustexas.com/blog/average-time-to-settle-a-car-accident/): What are the factors that influence a Fort Worth car accident settlement timeline? Contact a Varghese Summersett attorney for a complimentary consultation. - [Appealing Property Division in Texas Divorce Case [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/appealing-property-division-in-texas/): Appealing property division in Texas divorce cases can be a challenged. Here's an overview of the process. - [Juror Misconduct In Texas | Expert Legal Guidance](https://versustexas.com/blog/juror-misconduct-in-texas/): Juror misconduct in Texas can force mistrials and lead to criminal charges or even jail time. Contact Varghese Summersett if you need help with jury misconduct. - [Role of Children in Custody Cases in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/role-of-children-in-custody-cases/): Find out how Texas courts handle child custody preferences, mandatory interviews at age 12+, and the role of children in custody cases. - [Common Car Accident Scenarios: Who is at Fault?](https://versustexas.com/blog/common-car-accident-scenarios/): Knowing the common car accident scenarios in Texas can help prevent a wreck. If you or a family member has been injured, call Varghese Summersett today. - [Chest Pain after a Car Wreck in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/chest-pain-after-a-car-wreck-in-texas/): Suffering from chest pain after a car wreck in Texas? Call Varghese Summersett at (817) 207-4878 for a free consultation with an experienced car accident lawyer. - [How to Maximize a Claim Against Amica Insurance](https://versustexas.com/blog/claim-against-amica-insurance/): Our attorneys have become adept at maximizing a claim against Amica insurance. here is what you need to know if you have a claim against Amica. - [Tips For Parents of Teenage Drivers](https://versustexas.com/blog/tips-for-parents-of-teenage-drivers/): Teen driver safety is every parent's concern. Our tips for parents of teenage drivers should help. Need legal help for a teen driver? Call Varghese Summersett. - [Car Colors and Crash Risks: Is There a Connection?](https://versustexas.com/blog/car-colors-and-crash-risks/): Explore the link between car colors and crash risks, and discover the safest and most dangerous car colors for drivers. - [Texas Community Property and Home Ownership](https://versustexas.com/blog/community-property-and-home-ownership/): Understand home ownership and community property laws and how they apply to homes purchased before marriage. Consult with Varghese Summersett today - [How to Get Lost Wages After a Car Accident in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/lost-wages-after-a-car-accident/): How do you get lost wages after a car accident that resulted in injuries in Texas? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how we can protect your rights. - [Parental Kidnapping in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-kidnapping/): Accused of parental kidnapping? Did your spouse take your child? Call Varghese Summersett Family Law Group for a top Fort Worth parental kidnapping lawyer. - [Updating Your Will After Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/updating-your-will-after-divorce/): Have questions about updating your will after divorce in Texas? Don't delay. Contact the Family Law Group at Varghese Summersett to set up a consultation. - [Donald Trump Indictment and Historic Hush Money Conviction](https://versustexas.com/blog/donald-trump-indictment/): Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese explains the Donald Trump indictment, including what's ahead for the former president. - [How Pre-existing Conditions Affect Car Accident Claims [TX '23]](https://versustexas.com/blog/pre-existing-conditions-affect-car-accident-claims/): Have you wondered how pre-existing conditions affect car accident claims? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how we'll protect your rights. - [What Should You Never Say to an Insurance Company?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-should-you-never-say-to-an-insurance-company/): Ever wonder what should you never say to an insurance company? Here are our top tips to keep you out of trouble with your insurance adjuster. - [How to Scare an Insurance Adjuster | Standing Your Ground](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-scare-an-insurance-adjuster/): A recent AMA on Reddit featured an insurance adjuster who welcomed questions about the claim process. The most upvoted question and answer established what - [Glossary for Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-glossary/): We prepared this glossary of Personal Injury terms to help you navigate through a personal injury or wrongful death claim in Texas. - [Getting Treatment After an Accident](https://versustexas.com/blog/treatment-after-an-accident/): There are a number of reasons why it is hard to get treatment after an accident. Find out why and how Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group can help. 817-207-HURT. - [What is Pain and Suffering in Texas Personal Injury Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/pain-and-suffering-in-texas/): World turned upside down due to an accident? You may be able to entitled compensation for pain and suffering. Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) - [Contingency Fee Agreements in Personal Injury Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/contingency-fee-agreements/): Don't think you can afford a personal injury lawyer? We work on a contingency fee, which means we don't get paid unless you get paid. Call 817-203-2220 for free consult. - [Is It Illegal in Texas? 50+ Surprising Laws in Texas (2026)](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-illegal/): Is it illegal to.... in Texas? In this post, we answer commonly asked questions about the legality of common situations. - [Adoption Process in Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-process-in-texas/): Ready to start the adoption process in Texas? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consulation with an experienced Fort Worth adoption lawyer today. - [Intensive Day Treatment in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/intensive-day-treatment/): Intensive Day Treatment (IDT) programs offer an alternative sentencing option for eligible individuals charged with certain criminal offenses. - [Does it Matter Who Files for Divorce First in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/files-for-divorce-first-in-texas/): Legally, it doesn't matter who files for divorce first in Texas - but there may be advantages to making the first move. Learn more. - [Emergency Custody Orders in Texas Family Cases](https://versustexas.com/blog/emergency-custody-orders/): In Texas family law, emergency custody orders can play a critical role in ensuring the safety and well-being of children involved in a family dispute. Whether - [Why August and January are Popular Months for Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/popular-months-for-divorce/): January and August are popular months for divorce. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with an experienced North Texas divorce lawyer. - [Adultery and Its Impact on Property Division in Texas Divorces](https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-and-property-division/): Adultery and Property Division in Texas Divorce, understanding the impact. - [Do I Need the Co-Parent's Permission for Sports?](https://versustexas.com/blog/co-parents-permission-to-sign-up-kid-for-sports/): Our Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain if and when you need the co-parent's permission to sign your child up for sports. Call 817-900-3220. - [9 Tips for a Successful Marriage](https://versustexas.com/blog/tips-for-a-successful-marriage/): Long-lasting couples often share similar advice for healthy, happy marriages. Varghese Summersett Family Law Group presents 9 tips for a successful marriage. - [Understanding the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/uniform-interstate-family-support-act/): Dealing with child support issues - receiving or paying? For help with Uniform Interstate Family Support Act cases, call Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - [Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision | Juvenile Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/conduct-indicating-a-need-for-supervision/): What is Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision? Hear from a Board Certified Juvenile Specialist. - [7 Things You Should Never Do If Stopped For DWI in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/things-you-should-never-do-if-stopped-for-dwi/): If you are pulled over on suspicion of DWI, stay calm, polite and decline all sobriety tests. Here are 7 things you should never do if stopped for DWI. - [Evidence In Juvenile Cases: What Is It And Who Has Access?](https://versustexas.com/blog/evidence-in-juvenile-cases/): When a child is taken into custody, parents want to know why and see proof. Unfortunately, parents don't usually have access to evidence in juvenile cases. - [Determinate and Indeterminate Sentence for Texas Juveniles](https://versustexas.com/blog/determinate-and-indeterminate-sentence/): Confused about the difference between a determinate and indeterminate sentence in Texas' juvenile justice system? This article is for you. - [Child Support After Death in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-after-death/): In this article we discuss what happens to child support after death in Texas. - [Legal Separation? There's No Such Thing in Texas [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-separation-in-texas/): Texas does not recognize legal separation. In the eyes of the law, couple are either separated or married. Learn more. - [Interrogatories in Texas Family Law | Family Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/interrogatories-in-texas-family-law/): Interrogatories in Texas family law can make or break your case. Are you in need of a Texas family lawyer? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - [Throwing Away Your Ex’s Stuff During Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/throwing-away-your-exs-stuff/): Is throwing away your ex's stuff allowed? What do you need to be aware of? What about before you've filed for divorce? Fort Worth divorce lawyer explains. - [High-Profile Texas Divorces: Celebrity, Fame, and Fortune](https://versustexas.com/blog/high-profile-texas-divorces/): Divorces involving high-powered Texas couples can be high-stakes, high-stress affairs. Here's a look at some high-profile Texas divorces. - [What is a "Material and Substantial Change" in Circumstances?](https://versustexas.com/blog/material-and-substantial-change-in-circumstances/): When a parent wants to modify an existing child support, visitation or custody order, they must show there's been a "material and substantial change in circumstances." - [When Can You Modify Child Support in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/when-can-you-modify-child-support/): Need to modify child support? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced Fort Worth child support lawyer. - [Difference between Amicus Attorney and Attorney Ad Litem](https://versustexas.com/blog/amicus-attorney-and-an-attorney-ad-litem/): In contentious child custody cases, the court may appoint an amicus attorney and/or an attorney ad litem. Find out the difference between the two. - [Divorce Rates in Texas: How Many Marriages End in Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-rates-in-texas/): Thinking about divorce in the Lone Star State? You're not alone. Texas' divorce rate is 1.4 in every 1000 people. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with a divorce lawyer. - [Texas Crash Report | Free Fillable Blue Form | CR2 | CR3](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-crash-report/): How to obtain a Texas Crash Report, who makes the report, and how do you order a completed crash report in Texas. - [Drowning Accident Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/drowning-accidents-texas/): Drowning accidents often lead to the loss of life. Our drowning accident lawyer explains how you can seek recovery if the drowning was due to negligence. - [Stowers Demand in Texas: Stowers Doctrine Explained [2025]](https://versustexas.com/blog/stowers-demand-in-texas/): A Stowers Demand is a powerful legal tool used by Texas personal injury lawyers to pressure insurance companies into offering reasonable settlements. Learn more. - [How Much Does a Private Investigator Cost in a Family Law Case?](https://versustexas.com/blog/private-investigator-cost/): How much does a private investigator cost in a family law case? We breakdown the cost and potential benefits to hiring one in this article. - [Emotional Distress in Texas: What You Can Sue For & How to Prove It](https://versustexas.com/blog/emotional-distress-in-texas/): Learn what qualifies as emotional distress in Texas and how to prove it in a personal injury case. Contact Varghese Summersett for a free consultation today. - [What if You're Hit by Someone Driving Without a License [TX]](https://versustexas.com/blog/driving-without-a-license-tx/): What happens when you're hit by someone driving without a license in Texas? Get the recovery you deserve - [Understanding Nunc Pro Tunc Judgments in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/understanding-nunc-pro-tunc-judgments-in-texas/): A nunc pro tunc judgment is a legal term used to describe a retroactive correction of a previously entered court order. It is a Latin term that means “now for - [UM/UIM Coverage: Do You Have Enough Auto Insurance?](https://versustexas.com/blog/um-uim-coverage/): UM/UIM coverage can cover your damages and injuries if your are hit by an unisured or underinsured motorist in Texas. Learn more. - [Military Divorce: Navigating the Complexities of Separation](https://versustexas.com/blog/military-divorce/): Get the legal support you need for a military divorce. Learn about the unique laws and regulations affecting military personnel and their spouses. - [Do I Need an Attorney if I've Been Hurt in an Accident?](https://versustexas.com/blog/do-i-need-an-attorney-if-i-was-hurt-in-accident/): If you sustained injuries in an accident due to someone's negligence, you need an attorney. Call 817-207-HURT for a free consultation. - [What is a Nolo Contendere Plea?](https://versustexas.com/blog/nolo-contendere-plea/): Nolo contendere pleas are rare but a wise move in certain criminal cases. For a consultation about a Dallas nolo contendere plea, contact Varghese Summersett. - [5 Best Ways to Beat Dallas Assault Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/beat-dallas-assault-charges/): Are you facing assault charges in Dallas, Texas? Here are the best ways to beat Dallas assault charges. Contact the Varghese Summersett criminal defense team. - [6 Reasons Successful Attorneys Have Family Law Paralegals [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/6-reasons-attorneys-have-family-law-paralegals/): Provide comprehensive legal support to attorneys as well as guidance to clients going through divorce child custody, other family matters - [What Is A Federal Sentencing Memorandum?](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-sentencing-memorandum/): Criminal defense attorneys write federal sentencing memorandum to persuade judges the lowest-possible sentence is appropriate at federal sentencing hearings. - [Can Your Social Media Be Used As Evidence in Texas Criminal Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/social-media-be-used-as-evidence/): Can your social media be used as evidence in Texas criminal cases by police and prosecutors? Yes. Call Varghese Summersett for the best defense in North Texas. - [Can Police Search My Phone During A Texas Traffic Stop? (2023)](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-police-search-my-phone/): Can police search my phone during a traffic stop? Usually not. Call Varghese Summersett to speak with a defense attorney if your phone was searched illegally. - [Winter Driving Tips](https://versustexas.com/blog/winter-driving-tips/): Winter driving tips for Texans - a look at driving in inclement weather in the Lone Star State. - [Mattel Donates 2000 Barbies in Memory of Athena Strand](https://versustexas.com/blog/matel-donates-barbies-in-memory-of-athena-strand/): Mattel donates 2000 Barbies and other toys to Cook Children’s Medical Center in Fort Worth on Thursday in memory of Athena Strand. - [Texas Divorce: Getting Your Spouse to Leave the Marital Home](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-do-i-get-my-spouse-to-leave/): Do you need your spouse to leave your home before the divorce is final? Is your spouse asking you to leave? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - [Can Parents Agree to No Child Support in Texas? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-parents-agree-to-no-child-support-in-texas/): From time to time, parents want to agree to no child support. However, the agreement is not legally binding unless a judge approves it. Learn more. - [Diminished Value Claim in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/diminished-value-claim-in-texas/): A Diminished Value Claim in Texas recognizes a vehicle invovled in an accident is not going to be as valuable as one that was not - even if repaired. - [When can a child sit in the front seat in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/when-can-a-child-sit-in-the-front-seat-in-texas/): This article answers, "when can a child sit in the front seat in Texas?" - [Same Sex Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/same-sex-divorce-in-texas/): The laws regarding same-sex marriages and divorce have changed. Here are some tips for a same sex divorce in Texas. - [What is A Guardian Ad Litem in Texas Family Law Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-guardian-ad-litem-in-texas-family-cases/): A guardian ad litem in Texas is appointed by the court to represent the best interest of a child in a family law matters. - [Social Media in Divorce: Can My Posts Hurt My Case?](https://versustexas.com/blog/social-media-in-divorce/): Opposing attorneys will try to admit your social media in divorce court - and use it against you. That's why its important to be mindful of what's on your accounts. - [Secrets to Successful State Farm Claims [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/state-farm-claims/): State Farm is notorious for trying to deny, delay, and defend against legitimate personal injury claims. Learn these secrets to successful State Farm claims. - [What is a Default Judgment in a Texas Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-default-judgment-in-a-texas-divorce/): If a spouse has been served with divorce papers and doesn't file a response within a specific time period, the other party could be granted a default judgment. Learn more. - [Temporary Orders in Divorce](https://versustexas.com/family/temporary-orders/): Temporary orders can be extremely important in divorce or family law cases. Here's what you need to know if you are set for a temporary orders hearing. - [Is it illegal to drive barefoot in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-illegal-to-drive-barefoot-in-texas/): You may have heard it is illegal to drive barefoot in Texas. Is this actually true? Here's the answer to "is it illegal to drive barefoot in Texas." - [Is everything split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-everything-split-50-50-in-a-divorce-in-texas/): Is everything split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas? Learn more about the factors that divorce courts in Texas consider. - [What Does Child Support Cover in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-does-child-support-cover-in-texas/): Wonder what does child support cover in Texas legally? Can you go after your spouse if they use child support for something else? - [What to Do After a Car Accident - 10-Step Checklist](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-after-a-car-accident/): Here's what to do after a car accident: 10-steps to getting your life back on track. - [Get the Latest in the Atatiana Jefferson, Aaron Dean Murder Trial](https://versustexas.com/blog/atatiana-jefferson-aaron-dean-trial/): Check this page regularly for the latest happenings in the murder trial of ex-Fort Worth officer Aaron Dean murder trial in Fort Worth, Texas. He is accused in the death of Atatiana Jefferson. - [How to Tell Your Spouse You Want a Divorce [8 Tips]](https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-tell-your-spouse-you-want-a-divorce/): Don't know how to tell your spouse you want a divorce? Here's 8 tips from Fort Worth divorce attorney to help you through this difficult process. - [Are Eight-Liners Legal In Texas? The 2nd COA Rules](https://versustexas.com/blog/are-eight-liners-legal-in-texas/): Are eight-liners legal in Texas? For years there has been a grey area surrounding eight-liners. Now a Texas court offers a clear answer. - [Violent Juvenile Crimes In Texas [Defending Tough Cases]](https://versustexas.com/blog/violent-juvenile-crimes-lawyer/): Has your child been accused of a violent juvenile crime in Tarrant County? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer. - [What is a Family Law Pretrial Conference in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/family-law-pretrial-conference/): A family law pretrial conference can help the parties iron out issues ahead of trial in divorce or child custody cases. Learn more. - [Denied Child Visitation by Your Ex? Here's What To Do.](https://versustexas.com/blog/denied-child-visitation/): The first thing you should do if denied child visitation by your ex? Start documenting - and call an attorney at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. 817-900-3220. - [Child Support Arrears | Back Child Support in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-arrears/): Is your ex seriously behind on child support? We can help you collect child support arrears. Call 817-900-3220 for help with back child support in Fort Worth. - [How to Change Your Name in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/change-your-name-in-texas/): If you want to change your name after a divorce or other family law matter, we can help. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with a Fort Worth family attorney. - [Difference between choking and strangulation [PC 22.01]](https://versustexas.com/blog/choking-and-strangulation/): What's the difference between choking and strangulation in Texas? A deep dive into Penal Code 22.01. - [Getting Divorced from a Narcissist | Narcissist Quiz](https://versustexas.com/blog/getting-divorced-from-a-narcissist/): Are you getting divorced from a narcissist? Here are 15 signs you could be married to one and help from our Fort Worth divorce attorneys. - [Is Selling Fake Drugs Illegal In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/selling-fake-drugs/): Accused of selling fake drugs in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with an experienced criminal defense lawyer. 817-203-2220 - [What is Capital Murder?](https://versustexas.com/blog/murder-versus-capital-murder/): Capital murder is the most serious offense that can be charged anywhere in the United States. Learn how a murder can become a capital charge. - [Child Support in Texas: What Happens When The Unexpected Happens?](https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-in-texas/): Child support in Texas can be impacted by unexpected events, such as unemployment, jail, or even death. Call 817-203-2220 to schedule an attorney consultation. - [Texas Prison Divorce: Can You Divorce an Incarcerated Spouse?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-prison-divorce/): In Texas, it's possible to divorce an incarcerated spouse. Here's what you need to know about Texas prison divorce. Call 817-900-3220 for attorney consultation. - [The Right To A Juvenile Attorney In Texas: What Parents Need To Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/right-to-a-juvenile-attorney/): Do you know if you have the right to a juvenile attorney in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. - [Top 5 Juvenile Crimes in Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/blog/top-five-juvenile-crimes-in-tarrant-county/): Juvenile crime is on the rise in North Texas. Here's a look at the Top 5 juvenile crimes in Tarrant County. Call for a consult with a juvenile attorney. 817-203-222-. - [The Top 5 Custody Disputes in Fort Worth](https://versustexas.com/blog/top-5-custody-disputes/): When couples divorce with children, conflicts often arise. Here's a look at the top 5 child custody disputes in Fort Worth. - [Federal Proffer: What Happens When You’re ‘Queen for a Day’](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-proffer/): A federal proffer allows federal suspects to provide valuable information to the government in exchange for leniency. Learn more. - [Federal Investigation: When to Hire a Federal Criminal Defense Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-investigations/): Do you think you are the subject of a federal investigation in North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 today to speak with an experienced federal defense attorney. - [CPS Criminal Investigation: Do You Need A Criminal Lawyer?](https://versustexas.com/blog/cps-criminal-investigation/): Are you or a loved one the subject of a CPS criminal investigation in Fort Worth? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced criminal attorney. - [Can You and Your Spouse Share a Divorce Lawyer in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/share-a-divorce-lawyer-in-texas/): Couples often want to know if they can share a divorce lawyer in an uncontested divorce. This creates a conflict of interest for the attorney. Learn more. - [What is the Role of an Attorney Ad Litem in Texas Family Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-ad-litem-in-texas/): An attorney ad litem in Texas is appointed by the court to represent a child in contentious or complicated family law matters. Learn more. - [Malicious Parent Syndrome: Does Your Ex Have This?](https://versustexas.com/blog/malicious-parent-syndrome/): Malicious Parent Syndrome occurs when a parent goes to extremes to cast the other parent in a bad light and damage the relationship with their child. Learn more. - [What Should I Do if My Ex Calls CPS on Me?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-if-my-ex-calls-cps/): If your ex calls CPS, it's extremely important to contact a CPS lawyer or a family law attorney as soon as possible. This article helps you decide whom to call. - [Do I Need a Divorce for Common Law Marriage in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-for-common-law-marriage/): If you are common law married and want to end the union, you will need a divorce for common law marriage in Texas. Find out why. - [What is a Rule 11 Agreement in a Divorce or Custody Case in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/rule-11-agreement/): A Rule 11 agreement in a divorce or child custody case is basically a settlement agreement made out of court. Here's what you need to know. - [DWOP: What is Dismissal for Want of Prosecution in a Divorce or Family Case?](https://versustexas.com/blog/dismissal-for-want-of-prosecution/): If a divorce or family case stalls, the judge could put it on the dismissal docket and move for a "dismissal for want of prosecution." Learn more. - [What Is The Illegal Use Of Laser Pointers In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/illegal-use-of-laser-pointers/): In Texas, it is a crime to shin laser pointers at aircraft or safety officers. Here's what you need to know about the illegal use of laser pointers in Texas." - [What is the Right of First Refusal in Texas Custody Cases?](https://versustexas.com/blog/right-of-first-refusal-in-texas-custody-cases/): The right of first refusal in Texas custody cases requires parents to give the other parent the opportunity to watch their child before contacting a babysitter or relative. - [Is Leaving A Child In A Vehicle In Texas Illegal?](https://versustexas.com/blog/leaving-a-child-in-a-vehicle-in-texas/): Leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas is illegal if the child is under age 7 and has been left unattended for more than 5 minutes. Learn more. - [How To Prepare For A Federal Presentence Interview](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-presentence-interview/): If you are facing federal sentencing, it's imperative to adequately prepare for your federal presentence interview. Here's what you need to know. - [Terminating Child Support in Texas: When Can I Stop Paying?](https://versustexas.com/blog/terminating-child-support/): In Texas, child support ends when a child turns 18 or graduates high school - but there are exceptions. Learn about terminating child support. - [Top 100 FAQs about Texas Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/top-100-faqs-about-texas-divorce/): Questions about Texas divorce or family law matters? Check out the top 100 FAQs about Texas divorce. - [Texas Divorce Decree: The Final Step](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-decree/): In Texas, the divorce process is officially over when a judge signs the final decree of divorce. Here's what you need to know about Texas divorce decree. - [What is Felony Murder in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/felony-murder-in-texas/): Over the decades, more people are being charged with "felony murder" in Texas, especially in DWI fatalities. Here's what you need to know about this charge. - [Catalytic Converter Theft in Texas: The Crime and Consequences [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/catalytic-converter-theft/): Texas passed a law making it a felony to steal catalytic converters. Here's what you need to know about catalytic converter theft in Texas. - [Fort Worth DUI Lawyer | What’s The Difference Between A DUI And DWI?](https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-dui-dwi/): In Texas, a DUI and a DWI are not the same thing. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth DUI lawyer. - [Drug Testing in Child Custody Cases: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-testing-in-child-custody-cases/): Involved in a child custody case in Fort Worth? You may be ordered to take a drug test. Here's what you need to know about drug testing in child custody cases. - [How to Beat A Sexual Assault Charge | Fort Worth Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/beat-a-sexual-assault-charge/): Accused of sexual assault? Here's how our team of experienced defense attorneys have helped people beat a sexual assault charge. - [Can You Keep Your 401K in Divorce in Texas? [2022]](https://versustexas.com/blog/401k-in-divorce-in-texas/): Most spouses think they automatically get to keep their 401K in divorce. Find out why this isn't the case in Texas, which is a community property state - [Stepparent Adoption in Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/stepparent-adoption-in-texas/): Thinking about adopting your stepchild? Here's what you need to know about stepparent adoption in Texas. - [10 Tell-Tale Signs Your Spouse Is Considering Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/signs-your-spouse-is-considering-divorce/): Is partner emotionally distant, overly critical, secretive or engaging in risky behavior? These could be signs your spouse is considering divorce - [Can You Get a Divorce While Pregnant in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-while-pregnant-in-texas/): Contemplating getting a divorce while pregnant in Texas? Here's what you need to know. - [Who Pays for College After Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/paying-for-college-after-divorce/): In Texas, child support obligations end when a child turns 18 or graduates high school. Learn about paying for college after divorce. - [Gray Divorce: Divorce After Age 50](https://versustexas.com/blog/gray-divorce/): If you are over age 50 and considering a divorce, you are not alone. Here's what you need to know about a so-called "gray divorce." - [Gag Order In Texas Courts | Explanation With Examples](https://versustexas.com/blog/gag-orders-in-texas/): A gag order prohibits parties in a criminal case from discussing it with the media or the public. Learn more about gag orders in Texas. - [Texas Divorce Discovery Rules: What Gets Turned Over?](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-discovery-rules/): We break down the requirements of the Texas divorce discovery rules, what's discovery, and the common deadlines for discovery in Texas. - [Original Petition for Divorce in Texas: Starting the Process](https://versustexas.com/blog/original-petition-for-divorce-in-texas/): A divorce case begins with the filing of an original petition for divorce in Texas. Here's what you need to know about this document and starting the process. - [10 Fascinating Facts about Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/facts-about-divorce-in-texas/): Did you know wives initiate divorce more than husbands? Check out these nine fascinating facts about divorce in Texas. - [Parental Alienation in Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-alienation-in-texas/): Parental alienation in Texas occurs when a parent intentionally pits the child against the other parent. Here's what you need to know. - [Terminating Parental Rights in Texas: FAQ Answers [2022]](https://versustexas.com/blog/terminating-parental-rights-in-texas/): Terminating parental rights in Texas is the legal process that severs the relationship between a parent and their child. Here's what you need to know. - [Texas Standard Possession Order | 2026 Update](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-standard-possession-order/): 2026 Texas Standard Possession Order specifies the noncustodial parent's visitation schedule, including weekends, holidays, and vacations. Learn more. - [Spousal Immunity In Texas: What Is It Really?](https://versustexas.com/blog/spousal-immunity-in-texas/): If your spouse has been accused of a crime, you can refuse to testify against them in most cases? Here's what you need to know about spousal immunity in Texas. - [Answer and counter petition for divorce [TX]](https://versustexas.com/blog/answer-and-counter-petition-for-divorce/): Were you recently served divorce papers? It may be in your best interest to file an answer and counter petition for divorce. Find out why. - [Failing to Pay Child Support in Texas (2026 Update)](https://versustexas.com/blog/failing-to-pay-child-support-in-texas/): Failing to pay child support in Texas can result in several consequence, including jail time, wage garnishment and license suspensions. Learn more. - [Texas’ Mandatory Reporting Laws: Failure to Report Child Abuse or Neglect [2022]](https://versustexas.com/blog/failure-to-report-child-abuse/): Accused of failure to report child abuse or neglect? Call today for a free consultation with an experienced attorney. 817-203-2220. - [What is a war crime?](https://versustexas.com/blog/war-crime/): What is a war crime? War crimes are “grave breaches” of international laws designed to hold individuals criminally responsible for actions that take place during an armed conflict. A set of treaties referred to as the Geneva Conventions stem from a series of conventions in Hague that began defining acts prohibited in wartime. The most […] - [Spring Break Visitation in Texas: Who Gets the Kids? [2026]](https://versustexas.com/blog/spring-break-visitation-in-texas/): Most parents alternate years for spring break visitation in Texas - unless they live more than 100 miles apart. Here's what you need to know. - [Can a Child Pick Which Parent to Live with in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/childs-custody-preference/): Many people wrongly believe a child over age 12 can choose which parent to live with in Texas. Find out the law regarding a child's custody preference . - [What is the Children's Bill of Rights in Texas? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/childrens-bill-of-rights-in-texas/): The Children's Bill of Rights in Texas is basically a list of rules for separated parents to follow to help children living under two roofs. Learn more. - [Can you get a divorce without going to court in TX? [2023]](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-without-going-to-court/): In Texas, it’s possible to get a divorce without going to court as long its amicable and uncontested. Learn more about divorce without court. - [Adultery and Divorce in Texas: Cheating Affect Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-and-divorce-in-texas/): Can cheating impact divorce proceeds in Texas? The short answer is, it depends. Here's what you need to know about adultery and divorce in Texas. - [Who Pays Divorce Attorney Fees in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/who-pays-divorce-attorney-fees-in-texas/): A judge could order you to pay your spouse's lawyer fees - or vice versa. Here's what you need to know about who pays divorce attorney fees in Texas. - [How to Dismiss a Divorce Case in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/dismiss-a-divorce-case-in-texas/): What if you file for divorce and change your mind? In Texas, you can dismiss a divorce case if you and your spouse have had a change of heart. Find out how. - [Domestic Violence and Divorce: How it Can Impact Your Case in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/domestic-violence-and-divorce/): Divorcing an abusive spouse can be stressful and dangerous. Here's what you need to know about domestic violence and divorce in Texas. - [Is Delta-8 THC Legal In Texas? Texas Lawyer Answers](https://versustexas.com/blog/delta-8-thc/): Is delta-8 THC legal in Texas? Here is the answer you are looking for. - [Fake Covid Vaccine Cards and Other Criminal Covid Scams](https://versustexas.com/blog/fake-covid-vaccine-cards/): COVID is spreading like wildfire and so are fake covid vaccine cards and related scams. Here are the criminal consequences you might face. - [What happens when parents disagree on the COVID vaccine in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/parents-disagree-on-covid-vaccine/): What happens when parents disagree on the Covid vaccine? Who gets to make the decision about the child COVID vaccine after divorce or seperation? - [Protecting Your Professional Practice In Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/professional-practice-in-divorce/): Protecting your professional practice in divorce is something that's often overlooked but shouldn't be. Learn about protecting what you've built. 817-900-3220. - [Credit Score and Divorce: Credit Score During and After Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/credit-score-and-divorce/): Credit score and divorce: There are a number of ways your credit score may be impacted by divorce. Here are the things you should watch out for. - [SCOTUS: Police May Still Need Warrant In “Hot Pursuit” Of Misdemeanor Suspects](https://versustexas.com/blog/hot-pursuit/): In Lange v. California, the Supreme Court declined to endorse warrantless entries in all "hot pursuits" for misdemeanors. - [Dividing Cryptocurrency in Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/cryptocurrency-in-divorce/): The popularity of cryptocurrency has exploded, leading to concerns about hidden assets and fair divisions. Learn about cryptocurrency in divorce. - [Serving Divorce Papers in Texas | What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/serving-divorce-papers/): Have you been served divorce papers? Do you need to serve divorce papers. Here's what you need to know about serving divorce papers in Texas. (817) 900-3220. - [Grounds for Divorce in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/grounds-for-divorce-in-texas/): In Texas, there are a number of grounds for divorce, including cruelty, adultery or a felony conviction. Learn about grounds for divorce in Texas. - [Should you pay a consultation fee for a divorce lawyer?](https://versustexas.com/blog/consultation-fee/): If you are wondering if you should pay a consultation fee for a divorce lawyer, here are some things to consider. - [What is a SAPCR in Texas? Suit Affecting Parent Child Relationship](https://versustexas.com/blog/sapcr/): In Texas family courts, you will often hear attorneys refer to a SAPCR (pronounced "Sap-sir), which is an acronym for a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child - [18 Divorce Do's and Don'ts](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-dos-and-donts/): Divorce is tough. Here are some divorce do's and don'ts that may make your life easier during the process. - [Alimony in Texas vs. Court-Ordered Spousal Maintenance](https://versustexas.com/blog/alimony-in-texas/): Alimony and court-ordered spousal support provide a spouse with funds after divorce but have key differences. Alimony in Texas vs. court ordered spousal support. - [Who Gets the House or Mortgage in Divorce in TX?](https://versustexas.com/blog/mortgage-in-divorce/): Do you know what happens to a mortgage in divorce? Did you know a divorce decree may not be enough to protect your interest or limit your liability? 817-900-3220. - [Divorce and Social Media: Avoiding Pitfalls](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-and-social-media/): Divorce and social media can be a very dangerous mix. Here are tips on how to handle social media and avoid pitfalls during the divorce process. - [Divorce Modification and Post-Divorce Disputes](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-modification/): It’s common for ex-spouses to have issues, especially when it comes to child support. Learn about divorce modifications in Texas. 817-900-3220. - [How Much Does a Divorce Cost in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-cost-in-texas/): Many factors can affect how much a divorce costs in Texas. Here are some of the factors that the divorce cost in Texas. - [Is Street Racing Illegal In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/street-racing-illegal/): If you've wondered "is street racing illegal in Texas" the answer is yes. In this article we discuss the offense and how you could lose your car if caught. - [When Does A Crime Become A Hate Crime In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/hate-crime/): Certain offenses are punished more harshly as a hate crime in Texas when motivated by bias or prejudice. Learn more about hate crimes. - [Deepfakes in Texas: What Are They and Are They Illegal?](https://versustexas.com/blog/deepfakes/): Texas was the first state to criminalize political deepfakes, but other charges can stem from making fraudulent videos for harm. Learn more. - [Holder v State: Texas Court Says Constitution Protects Cell Site Location](https://versustexas.com/blog/holder-v-state/): In Holder v State, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that the Constitution Protections Cell Site Location Information. - [Is It Illegal To Leave Your Pet Outside In Snow Or Cold In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-illegal-to-leave-dog-outside/): Is It illegal to leave your pet outside in the snow or cold in Texas? It can be, especially if they don't have adequate food, water or shelter. Here's what you need to know. - [Super Bowl Streakers: What is the the Punishment for Streaking](https://versustexas.com/blog/streaking-punishment/): The Super Bowl streaker who bared his backside during the big game is facing a trespassing charge. Learn more about streaking charges. - [Trying a Multi-Defendant Federal Jury Trial During the Pandemic](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-jury-trial/): Attorneys Benson Varghese and Christy Jack tried the first jury trial during the pandemic in the Northern District of Texas - [Biden Criminal Justice Policies](https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-justice-in-biden-presidency/): Biden on Criminal Justice: Reduce prison populations, decriminalize marijuanna and eliminate the death penalty. Will it happen? - [Can You Vote With A Felony In Texas? | Felony Voting Rights](https://versustexas.com/blog/felony-voting-rights/): In Texas, convicted felons who are in prison, on parole, or on probation are prohibited from voting. Learn about felony voting rights. - [Direct Indictments In Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/direct-indictments/): Controversial, highly-publicized, or politically-charged cases are sometimes taken directly to a grand jury. Learn about direct indictments in Texas. - [Capital Punishment: The State of the Death Penalty in Tarrant County and Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-death-penalty/): Two death penalty trials recently concluded in Tarrant County, marking the third time in 2024 that prosecutors have pursued the death penalty and got it. - [Sex Case Overturned After Tarrant Prosecutors Fail to Timely Turn Over Evidence](https://versustexas.com/blog/sex-case-reversed-after-tarrant-prosecutors-failed-to-turn-over-evidence/): The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals overturned a conviction in a sex case after ruling that Tarrant County prosecutors failed to turn over evidence to the defense. - [Could Supreme Court Ruling On Non-Unanimous Verdicts Affect Texas Jury Trials?](https://versustexas.com/blog/ramos-v-louisiana/): Prior to April 20, 2020, 48 states & the federal system required unanimous jury verdicts for serious offenses. Learn more about non-unanimous verdicts. - [Tarrant DA breaks protocol in latest officer-involved shooting. What will happen next?](https://versustexas.com/blog/officer-involved-shooting/): The DA has broken protocol in the latest officer-involved shooting in Fort Worth. Find out how cop and civilians are treated differently. - [Dual Sovereignty Reigns Over Double Jeopardy | Gamble vs. United States (2019)](https://versustexas.com/blog/double-jeopardy/): Can you be prosecuted for the same act in both state and federal court? The answer may surprise you. Learn about Dual Sovereignty and Double Jeopardy. - [2019 Criminal Law Update | 40 New Criminal Laws](https://versustexas.com/blog/2019-legislative-update/): The 86th Legislative Session in Texas has concluded. Learn what passed and what didn't. 2019 Legislative Update - Criminal Edition. - [The First Step Act: What You Need To Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/first-step-act/): The First Step Act reforms the federal prison system by ending mass incarceration, reducing recidivism and improving prison conditions. - [Warrant Required for Law Enforcement to Test Blood Drawn for Medical Purposes](https://versustexas.com/blog/medical-blood-draw/): Warrant required for police to test blood drawn for medical purposes. One is not required for results of blood tested for medical purposes. - [Witness Tampering: The Crime and Consequences](https://versustexas.com/blog/witness-tampering/): Witness tampering is a state or federal offense that occurs when someone tries to alter or silence the testimony of a witness. Learn more. - [Sims v. State: Can Police Obtain Real-Time Cell Site Location Without Warrant?](https://versustexas.com/blog/sims-v-state/): In Sims v. State, the Texas CCA found a search warrant was not required to get real-time cell site information to locate a suspect. - [Common Law Marriage in Texas Defined](https://versustexas.com/blog/common-law-marriage-texas/): Myths surround common law marriage in Texas, including that couples have to live together for a certain period of time. Here's what you need to know. - [Case Analytics and the Criminal Justice System: A Look at Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-criminal-cases/): We analyzed over 200,000 criminal cases over a 5-year period for insights into the criminal justice system in Texas. Here are our analytics results. - [Contraband Smuggling: Consequences of Sneaking Items in Jail or Prison](https://versustexas.com/blog/contraband-smuggling-sneaking-items-into-jail-and-prison/): Whether it’s cigarettes, phones or drugs, contraband smuggling in jail or prison can carry stiff consequences. Learn more. - [Eight Tips for Surviving the Holidays after Divorce](https://versustexas.com/blog/surviving-the-holidays/): Holidays can be stressful for divorced families struggling to find a “new normal.” Here are 8 tips for surviving the holidays after divorce. - [Interference with Child Custody in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/interference-with-child-custody/): Interference with child custody in Texas can have civil and criminal implications. Learn more about this charge and the potential consequences. - [Swatting in Texas | Fake Emergency Calls](https://versustexas.com/blog/swatting-in-texas/): Prank calling 911 is against the law in Texas and can result in a fine and jail time. Learn more about the consequences of "swatting." - [11 Experts Share their Best Advice for Adopting a Child](https://versustexas.com/blog/adopting-a-child/): We asked 11 people with first-hand adoption experience, "What is one thing you want people to know when it comes to adoption?" Read their adoption advice. - [How to Keep the Police Out of Your iPhone | Police and Face ID](https://versustexas.com/blog/keep-the-police-out-of-your-iphone/): A look at 4th and 5th Amendment implications and how you can keep the police out of your iPhone. Fort Worth criminal defense. - [Texas Stand Your Ground, Castle Doctrine | Self Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/castle-doctrine-texas/): Castle Doctrine and Self Defense in Texas explained by Board Certified Crimina Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese. [2024 Update] - [Is CBD Oil Legal in Texas? | Prosecution Depends on Location](https://versustexas.com/blog/cbd-oil-legal-texas/): Is CBD Oil legal in Texas? Federal laws have recently changed. Do you know if it is legal to purchase or use CBD Oil in Texas? - [Tarrant County Magistration | Arraignment | How Long to Make Bond?](https://versustexas.com/blog/central-magistration/): After four decades, officials have changed the way bonds are set and arrestees are housed in Tarrant County. Learn about Tarrant County Magistration. - [Who Gets the Pets in Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/pets-in-divorce/): Who gets the pets in divorce? The answer may surprise you. In Texas, pets are considered property. Fort Worth Divorce Lawyers. (817) 900-3220. - [Supreme Court Carpenter v. U.S.: Warrant Required to Access Cell Site Location Information](https://versustexas.com/blog/carpenter-v-united-states/): Law enforcement does not have “unrestricted access to a wireless carrier’s database of” cell site location information as from Carpenter v. United States. - [How to get an annulment in Texas | VS Family Law Group](https://versustexas.com/blog/annulment/): What is an annulment and how do you get one in Texas? If you are seeking an annulment or divorce in Fort Worth, call us at (817) 900-3220. - [Collins v. Virgina Limits the Fourth Amendment Automobile Exception](https://versustexas.com/blog/collins-v-virgina/): Collins v. Virginia limits the automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment. Officers may not conduct a warrantless search of the curtilage of a home. - [Divorce with Kids - 17 Ways to Protect Your Children](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-with-kids/): Divorcing your spouse is never easy. Divorce with kids involved is even tougher. If you are contemplating a divorce with kids, call us at (817) 900-3220. - [16 Experts Share their Best Divorce Advice](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-advice/): Sixteen experts from across the country share their best divorce advice. If you are facing divorce in North Texas, speak with a Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer (817) 900-3220. - [Supreme Court Ruling Allows States to Legalize Sports Betting](https://versustexas.com/blog/legalize-sports-betting/): The Supreme Court ruled that states may legalize sports betting. Learn more about in Murphy v. NCAA. - [Divorce with Business In Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-with-business/): Business owner divorces can be complex. Protect yourself when going through a divorce with business in Texas. Call us today at (817) 900-3220. - [Contested and Uncontested Divorces in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/contested-and-uncontested-divorces/): In Texas, there are contested and uncontested divorces. If both parties agree to the terms, it’s uncontested. If they can’t, it’s contested. Learn more. - [Unlawful Carry at an Airport | Prohibited Places](https://versustexas.com/blog/unlawful-carry-at-an-airport/): What happens if you bring accidentally bring gun into an airport in Texas? Here's what you need to know about Unlawful Carry at an Airport. - [101 DWI Facts – Plus 15 Actionable Tips to Avoid a DWI](https://versustexas.com/blog/101-dwi-facts/): 101 DWI facts and 15 actionable tips to help you avoid a DWI. This is the largest collection of facts and tips on the planet. - [Affirmative Defenses in Texas | What is an Affirmative Defense to a Crime?](https://versustexas.com/blog/affirmative-defenses/): An affirmative defense allows a defendant to avoid legal responsibility for the charged offense. When a defendant uses an affirmative defense... - [Character Letter for Court or Judge [FREE Template]](https://versustexas.com/blog/character-letter-for-a-judge/): Writing a character letter for a judge can be a daunting task. Here are nine essential tips for writing an effective sentencing letter. - [Who Gets the Engagement Ring in Divorce?](https://versustexas.com/blog/engagement-ring/): Who gets the engagement ring in divorce? Is it a gift outright, a conditional gift, or something else altogether? Here's a look at Texas law. - [Is Texas a Two-Plate State? Front and Rear License Plates](https://versustexas.com/blog/two-license-plates-texas/): Texas is a two-plate-state, which means drivers must have two license plates in Texas. Learn more about the law and why there's confusion. - [Eight Common Holiday Crimes to Watch Out For](https://versustexas.com/blog/holiday-crimes/): Stay out of handcuffs this season by avoiding these common holiday crimes. If you do get arrested, give us a call at 817-203-2220. - [Road Rage Prosecution and Defense | How is Road Rage Prosecuted?](https://versustexas.com/blog/road-rage/): What exactly is road rage? How do road rage cases get prosecuted in Texas? What defenses apply? Learn more. (817) 203-2220. - [Rule 35 Agreement Reducing a Federal Sentence | Rule 35 Agreement](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-rule-35/): Under Rule 35, a federal sentence may be lowered if a defendant provides "substantial assistance" to the government. Learn more. - [Open Container Laws in Texas | Where are Open Containers Allowed?](https://versustexas.com/blog/open-container-laws-in-texas/): Can you have an open container in your vehicle? How about just having a beer in public? Learn about open container laws in Texas. - [Some Pre-Trial Diversion Programs Are Convictions for Immigration](https://versustexas.com/blog/convictions-for-immigration/): Some pre-trial diversion programs may be considered convictions for immigration purposes. Learn what constitutes convictions for immigration. - [Age of Consent in Texas and Exceptions | Age of Consent Map](https://versustexas.com/blog/age-of-consent-in-texas/): What is the age of consent in Texas? Is the age of consent different under federal law? What is statutory rape? What is the Romeo Juliet Law? - [What is Deferred Adjudication in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/deferred-adjudication-in-texas/): Deferred adjudication in Texas is an alternative to jail or prison time and is a form of community supervision (probation). Learn more. - [12 Things I Learned From My Internship](https://versustexas.com/blog/learned-from-summer-intership/): Working at a law firm can be intimidating. Here are 12 things I learned from my summer internship at Varghese Summersett PLLC. - [How & Why DWIs Are “Reduced” to Obstruction of Highway](https://versustexas.com/blog/obstruction-of-highway/): An Obstruction of Highway charge is a highly-desired, yet rarely obtained outcome in DWI cases. Learn more about Obstruction of a Highway in Texas. - [What is Abuse of a Corpse in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/abuse-of-a-corpse/): Abuse of a corpse cases have been making headlines the past several years, prompting Texas lawmakers to boost the punishment for the crime. Learn more. - [Texas Gang Laws | Gang Crimes in Texas | Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-gang-laws/): Texas gang laws are tough. Defendants face harsher penalties if prosecutors can prove they committed a crime that was gang-related. Learn more. - [Revenge Porn Laws in Texas: Unlawful Disclosure or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material](https://versustexas.com/blog/revenge-porn-in-texas/): Unlawful Disclosure or Promotion of Intimate Visual Material creates criminal and civil consequences for "revenge porn" in Texas. - [Does Obtaining Cell-Site Location Information Require a Warrant?](https://versustexas.com/blog/cell-site-location-information/): The Supreme Court has accepted cert in Carpenter v. United States to decide whether obtaining cell-site location information requires a warrant. - [Harboring a Runaway Child | Consequences and Jail Time in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/harboring-runaway-child-texas/): Even if your intentions were good, harboring a runaway child in Texas can lead to serious consequences. Learn more about this offense and defenses. - [Legal Issues for Churches: What Clergy and Members Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-issues-churches/): Every religious organization can find itself in trouble with the law. Here’s a look at common legal issues for churches today, including prevention tips. - [Texting While Driving Ban in Texas: Here’s What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/texting-while-driving-ban/): The Texting While Driving Ban in Texas goes into effect on September 1, 2017. Learn about new violations created by the laws and what to watch out for. - [Kids and Guns: Making a Firearm Accessible to a Child in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/kids-and-guns-making-firearm-accessible-to-child/): Making a firearm accessible to a child in Texas can carry serious consequences. Learn about the law, including affirmative defenses that can be raised. - [Improper Relationship Between Teacher and Student in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/improper-relationships-between-teachers-and-students/): An Improper Relationship Between Teacher and Student is a second degree felony in Texas. We've successfully defended these charges. - [Mental States: Intentionally, Knowingly, Negligently, Recklessly](https://versustexas.com/blog/culpable-mental-states-texas/): Understanding culpable mental states in Texas: The difference between intentionally, knowingly, negligently, and recklessly. - [9 Tips for Testifying in Court | Taking the Witness Stand](https://versustexas.com/blog/tips-testifying-court/): Testifying in court can be intimidating and stressful. Here are nine tips to help you put your best foot forward on the witness stand. - [The Age of Criminal Responsibility in Texas: A Look at House Bill 122](https://versustexas.com/blog/age-criminal-responsibility-texas/): Lawmakers are pushing to raise the age of criminal responsibility in Texas from 17 to18, bringing Texas in line with most other states. Learn more. - [What is UCW in Texas? Unlawful Carry of Weapon in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/unlawful-carry-of-a-weapon/): What is Unlawful Carry of a Weapon in Texas? UCW charges in Texas including charges against license to carry holders. Learn more about UCW in Texas. - [Tarrant County SWIFT Program | Tarrant County SWIFT Probation](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-swift-program/): Tarrant County SWIFT Program, or Supervision With Intensive enForcemenT, uses a progressive sanction model to change the behavior of probationers - [Arrests in Texas | When Can Officers Make an Arrest? | Lawful Arrests](https://versustexas.com/blog/arrest/): When is a person lawfully arrested? Can an officer arrest outside his jurisdiction? Learn about arrests in Texas, including tips if you end up in handcuffs. - [What is a Motion in Limine in a Criminal Trial in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/motion-in-limine/): A Motion in Limine is very common in Texas’ criminal trials. Its primary purpose is to prevent poisoning the jury with prejudicial matters. Learn more. - [Criminal Trial Analytics: Learning from Verdicts](https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-trial-analytics/): Criminal Trial Analytics: What can you learn from verdicts in criminal cases using Tarrant County as an example. - [Eight Surprising Facts about the Texas Prison System](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-prison-system/): Did you know Texas prisons aren't air conditioned? And inmates are required to work for free? Check out these surprising facts about the Texas prison system - [Immigration Consequences for Non-Citizens Facing Criminal Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/immigration-consequences/): Immigration consequences for non-citizens facing criminal charges will depend on their status in the United States, the type of case, and the outcome. - [What Is a Presentence Investigation Report? | Federal and State Presentence Reports](https://versustexas.com/blog/presentence-investigation-report/): A Presentence Investigation Report is one of the most important documents in a criminal case. Find out why. - [What is Voter Fraud in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/voter-fraud-in-texas/): What is voter fraud in Texas, how rampant is it, and can it lead to criminal prosecution? Here's what you need to know. - [How to Stay Out of Jail on Super Bowl Sunday](https://versustexas.com/blog/superbowl-sunday/): The quickest way to ruin Super Bowl weekend is to end up in handcuffs. Here are six tips to help you and your friends stay out of jail during Super Bowl. - [Injury To An Elderly Or Disabled Person In Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/injury-elderly-texas/): Injury to an elderly or disabled person is a felony offense in Texas. The offense can range from state jail felony to a first-degree felony. - [Invoking The Rule: Why Most Witnesses Don’t Watch Trial](https://versustexas.com/blog/invoking-the-rule/): Invoking the rule is a common procedure in Texas and federal criminal cases, which excludes witnesses from watching and hearing the trial. Find out why. - [Lying on Your Tax Return: What Can Really Happen? | Tax Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/lying-on-your-tax-return/): Lying on your tax return, cooking the books, or failing to file a return can result in fines and jail time. Here’s what you need to know. - [Decriminalization of Marijuana in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/decriminalization-of-marijuana/): Here is the current status of decriminalization of marijuana in Texas. - [Is it Illegal to Dab in Texas? | Possession of THC Wax, BHO, Hash Oil and Cannabis Concentrates](https://versustexas.com/blog/illegal-to-dab/): In Texas, it's illegal to dab and the consequences can be severe. Learn about dabbing and possession of wax, hash oil, THC and other cannabis concentrates. - [Court Appointed Attorneys in Texas | What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/court-appointed-attorney/): If you are facing a criminal charge in Texas, you may be wondering if you should use a court appointed attorney. Learn about court appointed attorneys. - [Why Choose a Board Certified Criminal Lawyer?](https://versustexas.com/blog/board-certified-criminal-lawyer/): Board Certified Criminal Lawyers have received the highest designation possible in Texas. Less than 1 % of attorneys reach this distinction. - [Perjury in Texas: Can Lying Under Oath Really Land You in Jail?](https://versustexas.com/blog/perjury/): What is the difference between Perjury and Aggravated Perjury in Texas? Learn more about the punishment range and defenses in Texas. (817) 203-2220 - [Mock Courtroom Prepares Clients and Witnesses for Court](https://versustexas.com/blog/mock-courtroom/): Varghese Summersett PLLC is the only criminal defense firm in the area with a mock courtroom to prepare witnesses and clients for court. (817) 203-2220. - [Christmas Justice: A Look at Some Not-So-Jolly Holiday Crackdowns](https://versustexas.com/blog/holiday-crackdowns/): 'Tis the season for holiday crackdowns, roundups and rules. Here’s some Christmas justice that left some in good spirits and others saying, “Bah Humbug.” - [Misuse of Official Information](https://versustexas.com/blog/misuse-of-official-information/): Misuse of official information is a third-degree felony in Texas. Learn more about the offense and defenses. (817) 203-2220 - [Case Dismissed! What Does it Really Mean and Can it be Reopened?](https://versustexas.com/blog/case-dismissed/): Getting a criminal case dismissed prior to trial is a best-case scenario, but you may not be completely in the clear. Find out why. - [Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Violations](https://versustexas.com/blog/stark-law-anti-kickback/): Both Stark Law and Anti-Kickback Violations present major problems for healthcare professionals. Learn more about allegations that could be made. - [Federal Criminal Statute of Limitations | How Long Can the Feds Prosecute?](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-statute-of-limitations/): In criminal cases, the statute of limitations dictates the time within which a case can be filed. Learn more about federal statute of limitations. - [Don’t Go Pro Se | Top 6 Reasons You Need A Criminal Defense Attorney](https://versustexas.com/blog/pro-se/): It may seem tempting to go pro se, or represent yourself, in a criminal case. Here's why you need a defense attorney by your side. - [Early Release Probation in Texas | Early Release Deferred Adjudication](https://versustexas.com/blog/early-release-probation/): Did you know if you are on probation or deferred adjudication you may be able to ask for early release? Learn about early release probation. - [What is a Mistrial? | What Happens After a Mistrial?](https://versustexas.com/blog/mistrial/): A mistrial may be granted for a number of reasons, including a hung jury. Find out what happens after a mistrial is declared. - [Evading Arrest in Texas | Evading in a Vehicle](https://versustexas.com/blog/evading-arrest/): Evading arrest occurs when a person flees a police officer who is legally attempting to lawfully detain or arrest that person. Learn more. - [Corporal Punishment: Is it Illegal to Spank a Child in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/spanking-in-texas/): It's not illegal to spank a child in Texas as long as it is reasonable discipline and does not cross the line into abuse. Learn more. - [Stages of the Criminal Process | What to Expect at Criminal Court Settings](https://versustexas.com/blog/court-settings/): If you are under investigation, the criminal process has begun. This article describes the stages of the criminal process and what happens during settings. - [Creative Sentencing: Ten Unusual Punishments](https://versustexas.com/blog/creative-sentencing/): From writing assignments to displaying embarrassing signs, many judges are turning to a creative sentence. Here are 9 examples of unconventional justice. - [Off the Case: Grounds for Recusal in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/grounds-for-recusal/): There are various reasons why a judge or prosecutor shouldn’t handle a case. Here’s a look at some grounds for recusal in Texas. - [What Is Child Endangerment In Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-child-endangerment-in-texas/): Child endangerment in Texas is a state jail felony. Learn more about endangering a child and defenses for child endangerment in Texas. - [Burglary vs. Robbery In Texas – What’s The Difference?](https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-between-burglary-and-robbery/): People often use burglary and robbery interchangeably, but they are not the same. Learn the difference between burglary and robbery. - [4 Reasons Former Federal Prosecutors Make Excellent Defense Attorneys](https://versustexas.com/blog/former-federal-prosecutors/): Criminal defense attorneys who were former federal prosecutors have distinct advantages. Find out what distinguishes former federal prosecutors from others. - [Is It Illegal to Record a Conversation in Texas? | One Party Consent](https://versustexas.com/blog/recording-phone-calls-in-texas/): Texas is a One Party Consent state so you may record a conversation without notifying the other person. Learn more. - [Texas Car Seat Laws | Booster Seat Regulations (2020)](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-car-seat-laws/): Texas car seat laws ensure the safety of children who travel in vehicles. Find out when children can stop riding in a car seat. - [Seven Halloween Pranks that Can Get You Arrested](https://versustexas.com/blog/halloween-pranks/): Unless it’s part of your costume, no one wants to spend Halloween in handcuffs. Find out which Halloween pranks can land you in legal trouble - [Do I need a Federal Firearms License (FFL) to Sell a Gun?](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-firearms-license-to-sell/): Do you need a Federal Firearms License to sell a gun? There are exceptions to the FFL requirement. Find out if an exception applies to you. - [13 Federal Crimes that are Almost Too Bizarre to Believe](https://versustexas.com/blog/bizarre-federal-crimes/): Talk about things that make you go hmmm. Here’s a look at 13 bizarre federal crimes that are still on the books today. You won’t want to miss # 5! - [What’s the Difference Between a Federal Criminal Complaint & Indictment?](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-complaint-vs-indictment/): The differences between a federal criminal complaint and indictment affect how a case proceeds and the flexibility a prosecutor has. Learn more. - [Trial by Judge or Jury: A Look at the Pros and Cons](https://versustexas.com/blog/trial-by-judge-or-jury/): When faced with a trial by judge or jury, most people put their fate in the hands of a jury. However, sometimes a bench trial might be more advantageous. - [Confidential Informants: Exceptions to Informer Privilege](https://versustexas.com/blog/confidential-informants/): Confidential informants are often used by law enforcement. How and when can the identity of confidential informants be released? - [Backpage Craigslist Arrests: Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Stings](https://versustexas.com/blog/backpage-bust/): The Backpage bust has been making headlines. Find out the laws against pimping and prostitution and learn what the players at backpage.com could face. - [When Clowning Around Becomes Criminal](https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-clowns/): Criminal clowns? What criminal charges could the clown craze cause for the clowns and what can you do to protect yourself without facing criminal charges. - [Courtroom Etiquette 101: The Do’s And Don’ts Of The Courtroom](https://versustexas.com/blog/courtroom-etiquette/): Courtroom Etiquette 101: The Do's and Don'ts of the Courtroom. What the are rules of decorum for a courtroom? Learn from the mistakes of others. - [Can You Predict a Verdict Based on Length of Jury Deliberations?](https://versustexas.com/blog/length-of-jury-deliberations/): Is the length of jury deliberations an accurate predictor of verdicts in criminal trials? Learn more about the length of deliberations and hung juries. - ["Sudden Passion" Murder Cases in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/sudden-passion-murder-cases-texas/): If a jury finds a defendant killed someone in "sudden passion," their punishment is capped at 20 years in prison - rather than life. - [Gun Rights after Domestic Violence | Voisine v. United States](https://versustexas.com/blog/voisine-v-united-states/): Supreme Court decision on the Second Amendment rights of individuals convicted of family violence offenses. Voisine v. United States. - [Misprison of a Felony | Aiding and Abetting](https://versustexas.com/blog/misprison-aiding-abetting/): Will the wife of the Orlando shooter face federal criminal charges? A look at federal misprision of a felony as well as aiding and abetting. - [Can Prosecutors Re-Present to Grand Jury After a No-Bill?](https://versustexas.com/blog/re-presentment-grand-jury/): While it may not seem fair, prosecutors can re-presentment to grand jury cases that are no-billed. Here's an in-depth look at the grand jury process. - [Video: Can I Get an Expunction in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/getting-an-expunction-in-texas/): Defense attorney Benson Varghese discusses removing offenses and arrests from a person's criminal history. Learn about getting an expunction in Texas. - [Video: Experts in DWI Cases | When Should You Use an Expert in a DWI Case?](https://versustexas.com/blog/experts-in-dwi-cases/): Experts in DWI cases: When should you use an expert in a DWI case? Attorney Benson Varghese addresses this question in this short vide. - [What is a White Collar Crime?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-white-collar-crime/): WATCH: Federal criminal defense attorney Benson Varghese discusses white collar crimes in this short video. - [Occupational Driver License in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/occupational-licenses-texas/): What is an occupational driver license in Texas? Why would you need one? Are all ODL's the same? Find out what you need to know. - [Judicial Clemency in Texas | Setting Aside Convictions](https://versustexas.com/blog/judicial-clemency/): Judicial clemency is one of the least discussed areas of criminal law. It refers to a judge's power to set aside certain straight probation sentences. - [Is it Illegal to Leave a Child Alone at Home or in a Car?](https://versustexas.com/blog/home-alone/): Depending on the circumstances and the age of the child, it may be illegal to leave a child alone at home or in the car. Learn more. - [State Jail Diligent Participation Credit | Early Release](https://versustexas.com/blog/diligent-participation-credit/): State Jail Diligent Participation Credit: Early release from state jail by cooperating in educational, vocational or treatment programs. - [Stingrays, the Fourth Amendment, and Cell Site Simulators](https://versustexas.com/blog/stingrays-and-the-fourth-amendment/): Stingrays, the Fourth Amendment, and Cell Site Simulators: A look at the Fourth Amendment implications of new technology. - [Tarrant County Veterans Court Program](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-veterans-court/): We have helped numerous veterans get into the Tarrant County Veterans Court program and turn their lives around. Call for a free consult. - [Is Your Fantasy Football League Illegal in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/fantasy-football-legal-in-texas/): Fantasy football leagues that take a cut could constitute illegal gambling under Texas law. Read more about the Attorney General's opinion. - [Protective Orders](https://versustexas.com/blog/protective-orders/): A protective order is a court order issued to stop continuing acts of family violence, human trafficking, or stalking. Learn more. - [Shadow Juries and Mock Trials](https://versustexas.com/blog/shadow-juries-and-mock-trials/): Learn more about shadow juries and mock trials in Texas and why Varghese Summersett built a custom mock trial courtroom in its office. - [Underage Drinking in Texas: What You Need to Know](https://versustexas.com/blog/minors-and-alcohol/): Minors can face stiff penalties for purchasing, possessing or consuming alcohol. Here's what you need to know about minors and alcohol in Texas. - [Bitcoin: The Criminal Implications of Using Cryptocurrency](https://versustexas.com/blog/bitcoin/): The exchange of bitcoin for cash is not illegal, however criminal charges can stem from bitcoin. Criminal implications of cryptocurrency. - [What is a 5K Motion in the federal criminal system?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-5k-motion/): When a defendant cooperates with the government, federal prosecutors may file a 5K motion asking the court to sentence the defendant below the guidelines. - [Ghost Dope in Federal Sentencing | Criminal Drug Charges](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-criminal-drug-charges/): The burden of proof for punishment evidence is different in federal & state courts. Find out more about federal sentencing and drug cases. - [Realities of the Right to a Speedy Trial in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/realities-speedy-trial/): The Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution guarantees defendants the right to a speedy trial in Texas, but what does that really mean? - [Sex Offender Registration In Texas – FAQs](https://versustexas.com/blog/sex-offender-registration/): Sex offender registration in Texas varies based on the offense. Learn more about registration and deregistration in Texas. - [Federal Criminal Sentencing and Sentence Reducers](https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-sentencing-reducers/): Curious how sentencing works in the federal system? This article is a good introduction to federal criminal sentencing and sentence reducers. - [What Should You Do if You are Stopped by the Police?](https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-law-101/): Do you know when you have a right to remain silent or a right to an attorney? Find out you your rights during and after a police encounter. - [The Differences Between State & Federal Criminal Defense](https://versustexas.com/blog/state-versus-federal-criminal/): The differences between state and federal criminal cases are significant, including how they are investigated, prosecuted and defended. Learn more. - [Where Can I Take AA Classes in Tarrant County?](https://versustexas.com/blog/where-can-i-take-aa-classes-in-tarrant-county/): If you are wondering, "Where can I take AA classes in Tarrant County?" here is your list. - [What Are Crimes of Moral Turpitude in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/crimes-of-moral-turpitude-texas/): Crimes of moral turpitude involve dishonesty, fraud, or deliberate violence. You'll need an experienced defense attorney. Call 817-203-2220. - [Currency Seized at the Airport](https://versustexas.com/blog/seizure-of-cash/): Traveling with more than $10,000? Failing to declare currency to CBP can get it seized, even if it is legal money. Learn the rule and how to get it back. 24/7. - [What Should I Expect When I Go to Criminal Court?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-expect-in-court/): Going to court for the first time can be a scary process. Take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the criminal court process. - [ISF: Intermediate Sanction Facilities in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/isf/): A Intermediate Sanction Facility in Texas are in-custody treatment alternatives for medium to high-risk offenders facing probation or parole revocations. - [Age | Affirmative Defenses in Criminal Cases in Texas](https://versustexas.com/blog/age-defense/): Learn how age affects criminal responsibility in Texas. Find out when juveniles can be tried as adults and how age-based defenses work. - [Supreme Court: Officers Can’t Stall to Sniff. How Prolonged Traffic Stops are Constitutionally Unreasonable](https://versustexas.com/blog/police-cant-stall-to-sniff/): Supreme Court Decision: A landmark decision in police detentions. Rodriguez v. United States. Supreme Court dog sniff case. - [Texas Vehicle Registration Requirements](https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-vehicle-registration-requirements/): Texas is now a One Sticker State: Vehicle Registration in Texas. Everything you need to know about the combined vehicle registration and inspection sticker. - [Is BDSM Legal in Texas? Consenting to BDSM in Texas | Felony BDSM](https://versustexas.com/blog/is-bdsm-legal-in-texas/): Is BDSM Legal in Texas? Find out the current state of the law in Texas regarding BDSM and whether you can consent to assault. - [Your Silence is Insufficient to Invoke Your Right to Remain Silent](https://versustexas.com/blog/miranda-right-to-remain-silent/): Don't want to answer police questions? You must speak up to invoke your Fifth Amendment right to remain silent. Learn more. - [Drone Laws in Texas: The Criminal and Civil Consequences of Operating Drones](https://versustexas.com/blog/drone-laws-in-texas/): The civil and criminal consequences for operating drones in Texas. Varghese Summersett PLLC take a look at drone laws in Texas. - [Tarrant County District Attorney Phone Numbers | Directory](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-district-attorney/): Tarrant County District Attorney directory, phone list, email list. - [Substitute Assets | Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/substitute-assets/): Substitute assets in criminal asset forfeiture proceedings may carry serious financial consequences. Contact our Fort Worth Asset Forfeiture Attorneys today - [Can Police Unlock your Phone | Police Search](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-police-unlock-your-phone/): Can police unlock your phone? The answer may surprise you. Learn why you should consider restarting your phone during a police stop. - [Recording the Police in Texas | Fort Worth Criminal Lawyer](https://versustexas.com/blog/can-record-police-texas/): Arrested after recording the police in Texas? We defend criminal charges in Tarrant County and beyond. Call 817-203-2220. - [What is the Law of Parties in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/law-of-parties-in-texas/): Under the law of parties in Texas, individuals can be held criminally responsible for the actions of others. Learn more about the law of parties. - [Improper Photography Charges In Texas (Sept 2025 Update)](https://versustexas.com/blog/improper-photography/): Improper photography is a state jail felony, however photography in public - even downblouse and upskirt shots - are not illegal. Improper photography. - [What is a Grand Jury and How Does it Work in Texas?](https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-grand-jury/): Learn more about the grand jury process, indictments, and no-bills. Everything you've ever wanted to know about grand juries in Texas. - [Can Police Take DNA Without a Warrant?](https://versustexas.com/blog/dna-without-a-warrant/): Can the police take DNA without a warrant? Learn more about warrantless DNA samples and explore the limits of the practice. Varghese Summersett PLLC. - [Where Can I Take a Drug Offender Class? | Drug Offender Education Program (DOEP)](https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-offender-education-program/): Are you looking for a Drug Offender Education Program (DOEP)? Here's a list of locations where you can take them, organized by city. - [Tarrant County Criminal Courts: Where to Go and What to Expect](https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-criminal-courts/): If you've been arrested in Tarrant County, your case will be heard in one of 20 Tarrant County Criminal Courts. Find out where to go and what to expect. - [Burden of Proof Chart: What is Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt?](https://versustexas.com/blog/beyond-reasonable-doubt/): This pyramid illustrates the burdens of proof in criminal cases, including why "proof beyond a reasonable doubt" is so high. - [Judge Brent Carr Receives Silver Gavel Award](https://versustexas.com/blog/silver-gavel-award/): In 2014, Judge Brent Carr received the Silver Gavel Award by the Tarrant County Bar Association for exemplifying ability, integrity, and courage. - [Illegally Stopped? Understanding Reasonable Suspicion](https://versustexas.com/blog/illegally-stopped/): If you believe you may have been illegally stopped, call us today at 817-203-2220. Do not face the power of the government alone. - [Denton County Jail Information | Denton County Inmate Locator](https://versustexas.com/blog/denton-county-jail/): If you have a loved one in Denton County Jail, you can use the online Denton County Inmate Search function or call the Denton County Jail at (972) 434-5502. - [Tarrant County Jails | Inmate Search | City Jails](https://versustexas.com/criminal/tarrant-county-jails/): Tarrant County Jail Information: Your one-stop for information about county and city jails in the Tarrant County area. - [Tarrant County DIRECT Court Program](https://versustexas.com/blog/direct/): Our attorneys have successfully helped individuals get into the Tarrant County DIRECT Drug Diversion Program. Call today for a free consult. - [Theft Intervention Program TIPS Class | Fort Worth Tarrant County](https://versustexas.com/blog/theft-intervention-programs-tips/): If you are asked to take a TIPS class in Tarrant County, these are the locations you can take the class. # # Detailed Content ## Pages > Christiana Doherty is an experienced divorce and family law attorney, guiding clients through some of the most difficult times in their lives. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2026-07-10 - Modified: 2026-07-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/christiana-doherty/ Christiana Doherty Associate Christiana Doherty is an Associate in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she guides clients through some of the most difficult times in their lives — divorce, custody disputes, and complex family transitions. Known for her thorough preparation, candid counsel, and genuine empathy, Christiana approaches every case with an understanding of what her clients are facing and a clear strategy for moving forward. For Christiana, family law is more than a practice area — it's a calling. Early in her career, she handled a wide range of legal matters, from justice of the peace proceedings to HOA litigation. But when family cases came through the door, something shifted. She realized she wasn't simply helping clients navigate a legal process; she was guiding them through one of the most defining and difficult chapters of their lives. Today, her practice is built on honest communication and forward momentum. She sets realistic expectations from the very first consultation, keeps clients informed every step of the way, and ensures each case continues moving toward resolution. Christiana grew up in Mesa, Arizona, where she poured her childhood and teenage years into competitive cheerleading. She competed through high school at Desert Ridge and earned a coveted spot on the University of Arizona cheer team. It was a world built on discipline, precision, and performing under pressure — qualities that continue to serve her well in the courtroom. After earning her Bachelor of Arts in Law with a minor in Business Administration from the University of Arizona in 2018, Christiana attended Mississippi College School of Law, where she graduated Cum Laude in 2022. During law school, she clerked for the 15th District Chancery Court of Mississippi and worked as a law clerk at the Mississippi Attorney General's Office. She also served as a Research Representative for LexisNexis throughout her law school career. After law school, Christiana and her husband — whom she met in law school — put down roots in the DFW Metroplex, where they both practice law. Outside the office, she enjoys spending time with her husband and young son, practicing Pilates, and escaping to the lake — especially Lake Martin in Alabama, a favorite family retreat. Fun Fact: Christiana was a college cheerleader at the University of Arizona. Education Mississippi College School of Law, Juris Doctorate, Cum Laude, 2022 University of Arizona, B. A. in Law, Minor in Business Administration, 2018 Practice Areas Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Child Visitation, Possession, and Access Property and Asset Division Spousal Maintenance Temporary Orders Paternity Honors, Awards, Memberships Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2025 – Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2025 – Present State Bar of Texas, Member Family Law Section, State Bar of Texas, Member Tarrant County Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Young Lawyers Association, Member - Published: 2026-07-03 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/first-degree-felony/ In short: A first degree felony in Texas carries 5 to 99 years or life in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. One prior prison sentence raises the minimum to 15 years; two raise it to 25. For many first degree felonies, including murder and aggravated robbery, probation is not an option, so the fight is over guilt, the evidence, and charge reduction. What is a First Degree Felony in Texas? Felonies are categorized as four types in Texas. These are State Jail Felony, Third Degree Felony, Second Degree Felony, and First Degree Felony. What is a First Degree Felony? A First Degree Felony is defined in Penal Code Section 12. 32 and is the most serious level of felony in Texas, excluding capital felonies. It is an offense punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in prison. What is the Punishment for a First Degree Felony? Under Texas Penal Code Section 12. 32, a first degree felony is punishable by: A person adjudged guilty of a felony of the first degree shall be punished by: Imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for 5 to 99 years or life. This means that if you are sentenced to prison time, your minimum term of imprisonment will be 5 years. A fine of up to $10,000. This means a fine does not have to be imposed, but if one is imposed it cannot exceed $10,000. However, because you also have to pay court costs to the court, the actual amount you pay for fines and court costs could exceed $10,000. This fine limit also does not apply to things like probation fees or restitution. Possible combination of both imprisonment and fine. Enhancement to Repeat or Habitual Offender Status A first degree felony charge can be enhanced to an even more serious punishment range if you have prior prison trips: Repeat Offender: If you have been to prison once before, your first degree felony punishment range increases to 15 to 99 years or life in prison. This raises the minimum sentence from 5 years to 15 years. Habitual Offender: If you have two prior felony convictions with prison sentences, your punishment range increases to 25 to 99 years or life in prison with a minimum of 25 years. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=OVO0dQM9gsM Probation Options in Texas Jury Probation You may be eligible for jury probation if: You have never been convicted of a felony in Texas or any other state You file a sworn motion before trial requesting jury probation The jury finds you guilty and sentences you to 10 years or less The offense is not listed under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A. 054 First Degree Felonies Not Eligible for Jury Probation Under Article 42A. 054, the following first degree felonies are NOT eligible for jury probation, meaning if convicted, you will go to prison: Murder Aggravated Kidnapping Aggravated Sexual Assault Aggravated Robbery Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child Human Trafficking Injury to a Child,... > Intoxication manslaughter is a second degree felony in Texas, with 2 to 20 years in prison. Understand the charge, the penalties, and how these cases are defended. - Published: 2026-06-19 - Modified: 2026-06-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/intoxication-manslaughter/ Intoxication manslaughter is one of the most serious charges a person can face after a fatal crash in Texas. It is a felony, it carries years in prison even for someone with no criminal history, and a conviction follows you for life. If you or someone you love has been charged anywhere in Texas, you need a defense team that understands how these cases are built and how they are taken apart. Varghese Summersett defends intoxication manslaughter cases across the state, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. What is intoxication manslaughter in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 08, a person commits intoxication manslaughter if, while intoxicated, they operate a motor vehicle in a public place (or operate an aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride) and, by reason of that intoxication, cause the death of another person by accident or mistake. The State does not have to prove you intended to hurt or kill anyone. That is the key difference between intoxication manslaughter and murder or ordinary manslaughter. The prosecutor only has to prove three things: You were operating a motor vehicle in a public place. You were intoxicated at the time. Your intoxication caused another person's death. "Intoxicated" has a specific meaning under Texas law. It means you did not have the normal use of your mental or physical faculties because of alcohol or drugs, or that your blood or breath alcohol concentration was 0. 08 or higher. Drugs include illegal drugs, prescription medication, and any combination of substances. Penalties for intoxication manslaughter in Texas Intoxication manslaughter is a second degree felony. The punishment range is: 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice A fine of up to $10,000 That two year minimum matters. Even a first time offender with a steady job, a family, and no prior record is looking at a felony conviction and the real possibility of prison time. This is not a charge that gets quietly reduced to a traffic ticket. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mZQVgt9z0ng When the charge becomes a first degree felony Section 49. 09 raises intoxication manslaughter to a first degree felony, punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in prison, in certain situations: The person who died was a peace officer, firefighter, judge, or emergency medical services worker who was on duty at the time. For offenses committed on or after September 1, 2025, more than one person was killed in the same incident. This is a recent change in Texas law, and it significantly raises the stakes in any crash involving multiple deaths. What happens when more than one person dies Each death can be charged as a separate count. A judge can also order the sentences to run one after another instead of at the same time, which is known as stacking. Combined with the new first degree enhancement for multiple deaths, a crash that takes more than one life can expose a defendant to decades in prison. Probation and parole Whether... > Charged with a federal crime in Fort Worth? Our team includes a former federal prosecutor and Board Certified specialists. Free 24/7 consult: (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-06-15 - Modified: 2026-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-federal-criminal-lawyer/ Former Prosecutors: Now a Formidable Fort Worth Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Team A federal indictment in Fort Worth is not a local arrest with a quick bond and a court date down the street. It is a case built by the FBI, DEA, ATF, or IRS over months or years, then handed to an Assistant United States Attorney who rarely files charges the government cannot win. If you are under federal investigation or have been charged with a federal crime in Fort Worth, you need a defense team that has worked these cases from both sides. At Varghese Summersett, our federal defense team includes a former Assistant United States Attorney who prosecuted cases in the Northern District of Texas, board certified criminal law specialists, and trial lawyers who have defended federal cases from the first knock on the door through verdict. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free, confidential consultation. We answer 24/7. Board certified. Former prosecutors. Built for federal court. Our founder, Benson Varghese, is Board Certified in Criminal Law and has tried more than 100 state and federal criminal cases before Texas juries. Letty Martinez, a board certified criminal law specialist on our team, served as a Special Assistant U. S. Attorney (SAUSA) for the Northern District of Texas and spent more than 20 years as a prosecutor. With a team of more than 70 lawyers and staff across four Texas offices, a track record that includes more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions, and six board certified attorneys firm wide, we have the depth federal cases demand. Why Fort Worth Federal Cases Come to Varghese Summersett A federal indictment out of the Fort Worth Division is not a case for a lawyer who sees the Eldon B. Mahon courthouse once a year. We are downtown, a short walk from the federal courthouse, and we are in the Northern District of Texas regularly. We have appeared before the judges who sit in the Fort Worth Division, we know how the Assistant United States Attorneys here build and try their cases, and we understand how Fort Worth federal juries actually decide. We live here. That is the difference between a defense built on guesswork and one built on how this district really works. We have seen federal prosecution from the inside. Letty Martinez served as a Special Assistant U. S. Attorney (SAUSA) in the United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Texas. While in law school, our founder Benson Varghese worked as an intern in the white collar section of the United States Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Texas, learning firsthand how federal prosecutors investigate and assemble a case long before an indictment is filed. When your defense team already knows how the other side thinks, you are not reacting to the government. You are anticipating it. We try federal cases. Many lawyers who advertise federal defense have never taken a federal case to verdict. We have gone to trial in the Northern District of... - Published: 2026-06-11 - Modified: 2026-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/estateguide/ Estate Guide Skip to content Your Last Chapter A Guide To and Through Wills and Estates Your browser does not support the video tag. Schedule Your Estates Consultation→ Download Your Digital Copy ↓ WILLS AND ESTATES RESOURCES Everything you need to get the most our of your Estate Planner. Where do I begin? A simple overview of estate planning and why it matters. Learn More → Top 50 Will & Estate Planning FAQs Answers to the most common questions clients ask about will and estate planning. Living Trust in Text This article covers what a living trust is and the benefits of creating one. Learn More → Download the Digital PDF Instantly download the full Estate Planner: Your Last Chapter - A Guide To And Through Wills & Estates Download PDF → YOUR LAST CHAPTER: THE VIDEO SERIES Explore short, chapter-by-chapter videos that walk you through the wills and estates process - hosted by our experienced wills & estates attorney, Michael A. Livens. く く FURTHER READING & HELPFUL GUIDES North Texas Estate Planning Attorneys Read Article → What is a Living Trust in Texas? Read Article → Why You Need a Last Will & Testament in Texas Read Article → North Texas Probate Attorneys Read Article → Ready to take the last step? We're here to guide you through this chapter - and the next. Whether you need clarity, direction, or legal representation, our family law team is ready to help. Schedule Your Divorce Consultation Today → Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY | SITE Sitemap Privacy Policy Disclaimer DBA OKF Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas Varghese Summersett – Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Houston Varghese Summersett Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Fort Bend Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile EnglishEspañol Varghese Summersett Our Offices Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Call 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 Call 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 Call 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 Call (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Fort Bend Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Practice Areas Personal Injury Criminal Defense Family Law Firm Our Team Articles Site Sitemap Privacy Policy Disclaimer DBA OKF Search × Criminal Personal Injury Family × Criminal Family Personal Injury × × × × > Charged with DWI in Arlington? An experienced Arlington DWI lawyer can protect your license. Free review — call (817) 203-2220 before your 15-day deadline. - Published: 2026-06-10 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/arlington-dwi-lawyer/ Arlington DWI Lawyer Arrested for DWI in Arlington? Few cities in Texas watch drinking and driving as closely as Arlington does. With AT&T Stadium, Globe Life Field, and Texas Live! packed into one Entertainment District, Arlington's dedicated police DWI Unit runs some of the heaviest impaired-driving enforcement in Tarrant County - especially on game nights and weekends. If you were stopped leaving a bar, a Cowboys or Rangers game, or a concert, our Arlington DWI defense team can help. We know exactly where, when, and how these arrests happen. Call now: (817) 203-2220 | Request a free case review DWI Charges We Defend in Arlington First-offense DWI (BAC 0. 08 or higher) DWI with a BAC of 0. 15 or greater (Class A enhancement) Second and third DWI offenses DWI with a child passenger Felony DWI and intoxication assault Underage DWI / DUI near UT Arlington Breath and blood test refusals and ALR license suspensions Arlington Bars and Venues Police Patrol Most Arlington officers concentrate DWI enforcement around the Entertainment District and the city's busiest nightlife corridors. Based on where stops and arrests cluster, these are the venues and areas where you are most likely to be watched leaving the parking lot: Texas Live! (1650 E. Randol Mill Rd) — the 200,000 sq ft entertainment complex between the two stadiums and the single busiest source of Arlington DWI stops. PBR Texas — the mechanical-bull bar and dance floor inside Texas Live! , open late on weekends. Rangers Republic — the high-volume "party sports bar" inside Texas Live! . Sports & Social Arlington — another late-night Texas Live! anchor. The Drop — the Saturday-night EDM club at Texas Live! that empties out right at closing. J. Gilligan's Bar & Grill — longtime Irish pub near downtown and UT Arlington with a stadium shuttle. The Tipsy Oak — popular Downtown Arlington patio bar. Division Brewing — Downtown Arlington brewery drawing weekend crowds. Legal Draft Beer Company — Downtown Arlington taproom. Cooper's Bar & Grill (3610 S. Cooper St) — South Arlington hot spot along the Cooper Street corridor. Surrounding parking lots, the Randol Mill Road and Ballpark Way exits, and the on-ramps to I-30 are all common stop points as crowds leave these venues. Why Arlington Is Monitored So Heavily Arlington bills itself as the "Entertainment Capital of Texas," and the concentration of major venues in one district is exactly why DWI enforcement is so aggressive here: AT&T Stadium — Cowboys games, college football, concerts, and championship events bring 80,000+ people, and police staff up heavily as the lots clear out. Globe Life Field — an 81-game Rangers home season plus concerts means dozens of high-traffic late nights every year. Texas Live! — bars and clubs open well past midnight feed a steady stream of drivers onto Randol Mill Road and I-30. The Entertainment District as a whole — because the stadiums, hotels, and bars sit in a compact area with limited exits, officers can position themselves to watch nearly everyone leaving.... > Injured in Fort Bend County because of someone else’s negligence? You may have the right to pursue compensation for your pain, medical bills, and lost wages. Call now. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-injury-lawyer/ If you were injured in Fort Bend County because of someone else’s negligence, you may have the right to pursue compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. At Varghese Summersett, we are committed to protecting the rights of injury victims and fighting for the compensation they deserve. Best of all, you pay nothing unless and until we win your case. Why Fort Bend County Injury Victims Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most decorated law firms, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake and a team of more than 70 attorneys and legal professionals. Our Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor with the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices who built a reputation for exceptional trial skills before dedicating his practice to fighting for injured Texans. Alongside Ty, Damian Williams — a former Dallas County prosecutor, and two-time Lawdragon 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers honoree — brings a trial-first mindset to catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases, with multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in trucking fatalities, oilfield explosions, and serious brain injury cases. Katie Steele, Senior Counsel, spent six years as an Assistant District Attorney before spending time representing insurance companies — meaning she knows exactly how they think and what they're looking for when they try to minimize your claim. Firm founder Benson Varghese worked as an insurance adjuster before law school. That insider knowledge directly benefits our clients every day. The result: a personal injury team that understands every angle of a case — from the emergency room to the courtroom. You've Seen Us On Common Causes of Injury in Fort Bend County Fort Bend County is one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States. Highway 59/69, the Fort Bend Tollway, and US-90 see enormous daily traffic volumes through Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, and Rosenberg. That growth brings serious risks. The types of injury claims we handle most often in Fort Bend County include: Car and truck accidents on Highway 59, US-90, and the Fort Bend Tollway 18-wheeler and commercial vehicle collisions Slip and fall accidents in stores, restaurants, and commercial properties Premises liability claims involving unsafe property conditions Oilfield and industrial accidents in and around the energy corridor Motorcycle crashes and pedestrian accidents Wrongful death caused by drunk driving Whatever the cause, if someone else's negligence left you or a family member seriously hurt, you have legal options — and time limits apply. What You Must Prove in a Texas Personal Injury Case Texas personal injury law is grounded in the law of negligence. Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, an injured person must prove four elements to recover compensation. The burden of proof is on the plaintiff, and the legal standard is preponderance of the evidence — meaning it is more likely than not that each element is true. The four elements are: Duty: The at-fault party owed you a legal duty of care.... > Texas recognizes dozens of theft offenses, from shoplifting and self-checkout theft to burglary, robbery, and identity theft. Here's how each is defined, classified, and punished under the Penal Code. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-in-texas/ Texas treats "theft" as a single statutory offense under Section 31. 03 of the Penal Code — but in practice, the law contains dozens of distinct theft and theft-related crimes, each with its own elements, punishment range, and defenses. A shoplifting case and a robbery case might both involve taking property, but they live in completely different parts of the code and carry wildly different consequences. This guide walks through every category of theft offense Texas recognizes, from a misdemeanor petty theft up to first-degree aggravated robbery. The goal is orientation, not legal advice for a specific case. How Texas Classifies Theft Before getting into specific offenses, it helps to understand how Texas grades theft. Under Penal Code § 31. 03, the punishment for a basic theft is determined almost entirely by the value of the property taken — what prosecutors call the "value ladder. " Less than $100 — Class C misdemeanor (fine only, up to $500) $100 to less than $750 — Class B misdemeanor (up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine) $750 to less than $2,500 — Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year in jail and a $4,000 fine) $2,500 to less than $30,000 — State jail felony (180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility) $30,000 to less than $150,000 — Third-degree felony (2 to 10 years in prison) $150,000 to less than $300,000 — Second-degree felony (2 to 20 years) $300,000 or more — First-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life) Certain factors can bump a charge up a level regardless of value — for example, stealing from an elderly person, stealing a firearm, or having prior theft convictions. We'll touch on those enhancements throughout. Basic Theft Offenses Under § 31. 03 Shoplifting (Theft from a Retail Establishment) There is no separate "shoplifting" statute in Texas. What people call shoplifting is prosecuted as theft under § 31. 03, with the value ladder above determining the level. A $40 pair of jeans concealed in a purse is a Class C theft; a $900 handbag is a Class A misdemeanor; a coordinated retail crew clearing $3,000 from a store hits state jail felony territory. Retailers can also send civil demand letters seeking statutory damages on top of the criminal case — those letters are separate from the prosecution and don't make the criminal charge go away. For juveniles caught shoplifting, the system handles cases differently and often through diversion; see our overview of juvenile shoplifting defense. For adults looking at first-time options, theft intervention programs are often available. Self-Checkout Theft The rise of self-checkout has created a specific enforcement pattern: customers who skip-scan, fake-scan, or swap barcodes are increasingly charged with theft. Retail loss-prevention teams use video and weight-discrepancy data to build cases, and prosecutors treat these the same as concealment-style shoplifting. Read more on the self-checkout theft analysis, and a related discussion of why otherwise law-abiding adults end up in these cases. Theft of Services Section 31. 04 covers... > Hurt in a slip and fall in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for free consulation. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-slip-and-fall-lawyer/ If you slipped and fell on someone else's property in Fort Bend County, the property owner may owe you compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas law holds property owners responsible when their negligence creates dangerous conditions that injure visitors — but you must act quickly to protect your rights. Why Fort Bend Residents Trust Varghese Summersett With Their Slip and Fall Cases Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas law firm with more than 70 legal professionals and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm’s personal injury team includes Partner Ty Stimpson, Partner Damian Williams, and Senior Counsel Katie Steele. Founder and Managing Partner Benson Varghese brings a unique perspective to serious injury cases, having previously worked as an insurance adjuster before becoming an attorney. He now uses that insight to help maximize results for injured clients. The firm has built a track record that speaks for itself. We don't just settle cases. We prepare every case for trial, and that preparation changes outcomes. Fort Bend County is one of the fastest-growing counties in Texas, and with that growth comes more shopping centers, restaurants, warehouses, and commercial properties — and more opportunity for negligent property owners to put people at risk. If you were hurt in Sugar Land, Missouri City, Rosenberg, Richmond, Stafford, or anywhere else in Fort Bend County, our team is ready to help. Learn more about our Fort Bend personal injury practice. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Slip and Fall in Fort Bend County After a fall, people often wonder whether what happened was truly someone else's fault. They ask: Was the floor wet and unmarked? Did I trip on a broken step or uneven pavement? Was the lighting so poor I couldn't see the hazard? These are exactly the right questions — and the answers often form the foundation of a strong premises liability claim. Common causes of slip and fall injuries in Fort Bend County include wet floors without warning signs in grocery stores and big-box retailers, cracked sidewalks and parking lots at shopping centers along Highway 6 and US-90, poor lighting in apartment complexes and commercial buildings, loose carpet or broken flooring in restaurants and offices, and hazardous conditions in warehouses and industrial facilities that have expanded rapidly throughout the county. People also ask whether they can still recover if they were partly at fault. Under Texas law, you can — as long as your share of the fault doesn't exceed 50 percent. We explain this in detail below. Texas Premises Liability Law: What You Need to Prove A slip and fall in Texas falls under premises liability law. To recover compensation, you must prove four elements by a preponderance of the evidence — meaning it is more likely than not that each element is true. The burden of proof rests entirely on you as the plaintiff. The property owner has no obligation to disprove your claim. The four elements are: Duty: The... > Every Texas white collar crime explained, including fraud, theft, embezzlement, money laundering, and more. Board Certified defense attorneys. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/white-collar-crimes-in-texas/ A Texas white collar crime is a non-violent, financially motivated offense prosecuted under state law - most commonly under Chapters 31 (Theft), 32 (Fraud), 33 (Computer Crimes), 34 (Money Laundering), 35 (Insurance Fraud), and 35A (Health Care Fraud) of the Texas Penal Code. These cases are typically investigated by local police white collar units, the Texas Attorney General, the Texas Department of Insurance, and the Texas State Securities Board. Penalties range from a Class C misdemeanor to a first-degree felony carrying up to 99 years or life in prison. If you are under investigation or have been charged, you need experienced Texas criminal defense counsel immediately. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms. Our team includes three Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists — the highest designation a criminal attorney can earn in Texas — along with former state and federal prosecutors who have tried hundreds of cases before juries. Our attorneys have prosecuted and defended every category of Texas white collar offense, from check fraud and embezzlement to large-scale identity theft, insurance fraud, money laundering, and securities fraud. That courtroom experience — combined with deep familiarity with how Texas prosecutors build financial crime cases — gives our clients a significant strategic advantage. We represent individuals and businesses facing Texas white collar accusations throughout Tarrant, Dallas, Denton, Collin, Harris, Fort Bend, and surrounding counties. You've Seen Us On What Is a Texas White Collar Crime? The term "white collar crime" describes financially motivated offenses committed through deception, concealment, or abuse of professional trust — rather than force or violence. In Texas, these crimes are typically committed by executives, accountants, physicians, financial advisors, contractors, government employees, and ordinary people who exploit positions of trust or use deception for financial gain. At the state level, Texas white collar offenses are prosecuted by county and district attorneys under the Texas Penal Code. Penalty ranges depend on the value of property involved, the identity of the victim, and aggravating factors such as exploitation of an elderly or disabled person. Many cases also involve parallel investigations by federal agencies running at the same time as the state prosecution. Texas white collar cases can move quickly. Once a grand jury indicts, the case moves into a felony district court and proceeds under the rules of Texas criminal procedure. Having experienced defense counsel from the moment you sense an investigation is the single most important step you can take to protect yourself. What Types of Texas White Collar Cases Does Varghese Summersett Handle? Our attorneys regularly defend individuals and businesses facing the full range of Texas white collar allegations. The list below covers the offenses most commonly charged in Texas state court, organized by Penal Code chapter. Theft and Theft-Related Offenses (Chapter 31) Theft — Penal Code § 31. 03. Unlawfully appropriating property with intent to deprive the owner of it. The most commonly charged property offense in Texas, with penalties scaling from a Class C misdemeanor (under $100) to a first-degree felony ($300,000... > Suffered a spinal cord injury in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call today for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-spinal-cord-injury-lawyer/ A spinal cord injury can change everything in an instant. If someone else's negligence caused your injury, you have the right to seek full compensation for every way it has affected your life. An experienced Fort Bend spinal cord injury lawyer can help you hold the responsible party accountable. Why Fort Bend Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Spinal cord injuries are among the most life-altering injuries a person can suffer. They demand lawyers with the experience, resources, and willingness to fight — not just negotiate. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, a partner who began his career as a prosecutor at the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices before building a reputation for exceptional trial skill in personal injury cases. He and his team represent victims of car crashes, 18-wheeler accidents, construction accidents, and other serious incidents throughout Fort Bend County. Damian Williams, a partner in the firm's Personal Injury Division, focuses on complex, high-stakes cases involving catastrophic injuries. A former prosecutor who went on to handle personal injury litigation at some of Texas's top plaintiffs' firms, Damian has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in cases involving traumatic injuries, trucking fatalities, and oilfield accidents. He prepares every case as though it will go to trial — and insurance companies know it. Founder and managing partner Benson Varghese also takes on serious personal injury matters that may go to trial. Before law school, he worked as an insurance adjuster. That insider knowledge of how insurers evaluate and defend claims gives our clients a significant advantage. The firm's Personal Injury Division is supported by senior counsel and associate attorneys, all operating out of offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston — which serves our Fort Bend County clients. With a highly experienced team of attorneys and legal professionals, Varghese Summersett has the depth to take on well-funded corporate defendants and their insurance carriers. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know About Spinal Cord Injury Cases What Is a Spinal Cord Injury? The spinal cord is the bundle of nerves that carries signals between your brain and the rest of your body. When it is damaged — whether through compression, bruising, or tearing — those signals can be disrupted or blocked entirely. The result may be partial or complete loss of movement, sensation, or function below the injury site. Spinal cord injuries are classified as either complete or incomplete. A complete injury means no motor or sensory function below the level of injury. An incomplete injury means some function remains. The level at which the injury occurs determines which parts of the body are affected: Cervical (neck) injuries can result in quadriplegia, affecting all four limbs and potentially breathing function. Thoracic (mid-back) injuries typically cause paraplegia, affecting the legs and lower body. Lumbar and sacral injuries may affect leg movement, bladder, and bowel function. What Causes Spinal Cord Injuries in Fort Bend County? Fort Bend County's rapid growth — particularly along the Highway 59/69 and... > Hurt in a truck wreck in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. Call now for a free consulation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-truck-accident-lawyer/ If you were hurt in a truck accident in Fort Bend County, you may be able to pursue compensation from the driver, the trucking company, and any other party whose negligence caused your injuries. A skilled attorney can investigate the crash, gather critical evidence, and fight for everything you are owed. Why Varghese Summersett Handles Fort Bend Truck Accident Cases Truck accident cases are among the most complex and high-stakes claims in Texas personal injury law. They involve federal safety regulations, multiple corporate defendants, aggressive insurance carriers, and injuries that can change a person's life forever. You need a team that knows how this system works and is willing to fight back. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division was built for exactly these cases. Ty Stimpson, who leads the division, is a former prosecutor who has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills. Damian Williams, Partner, focuses specifically on trucking and auto collisions, catastrophic injuries, and wrongful death — and has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in trucking fatality and catastrophic injury cases. Katie Steele, Senior Counsel, is a former Assistant District Attorney and former insurance defense attorney. She brings insider knowledge of how trucking carriers and their insurers evaluate and defend claims. Benson Varghese, the firm's founder, worked as an insurance adjuster before law school — giving him a perspective that few plaintiff's attorneys possess. The firm has more than 70 team members, four offices across Texas, and over 100 years of combined legal experience. Fort Bend County residents are served from the firm's Houston-area office. Varghese Summersett's Fort Bend personal injury team is ready to evaluate your case at no charge. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Truck Accident Can I sue the trucking company, not just the driver? Yes. Trucking companies can be held liable under a legal theory called respondeat superior, which means an employer is responsible for the negligent acts of an employee committed during the course of employment. Beyond that, trucking companies can also face direct liability for their own negligence — such as hiring unqualified drivers, failing to maintain vehicles, pressuring drivers to violate federal hours-of-service limits, or ignoring required safety inspections. What if the truck driver was an independent contractor? Trucking companies often try to label their drivers as independent contractors to escape liability. Courts look past the label. If the company controlled how the work was performed, set routes, or managed the driver's schedule, it may still be held accountable. An attorney can investigate the actual working relationship and identify all responsible parties. How is a truck accident different from a regular car crash? Commercial trucks — especially 18-wheelers — can weigh up to 80,000 pounds when fully loaded. The injuries they cause are frequently catastrophic: traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, amputations, and internal organ trauma. The legal cases are also more complex, involving federal regulations, electronic logging device (ELD) data, black box records, maintenance logs, and multiple layers of insurance. Time matters —... > Lost a loved one due to negligence in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for grieving families. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-wrongful-death-lawyer/ What is a wrongful death claim in Fort Bend County? A wrongful death claim allows surviving family members to seek financial compensation when a loved one is killed due to someone else's negligence. Under the Texas Wrongful Death Act, the surviving spouse, children, and parents of the deceased may file suit against the responsible party. You have two years from the date of death to file. Losing a family member because someone else was careless is one of the most devastating things a family can go through. Grief is hard enough without the pressure of medical bills, funeral costs, and lost income. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team represents grieving Fort Bend County families in wrongful death cases — and we don't charge a fee unless we win. Varghese Summersett’s personal injury team includes Partner Ty Stimpson, Partner Damian N. Williams, and Senior Counsel Katie Steele — experienced trial attorneys who handle serious injury, wrongful death, trucking, and catastrophic injury cases across Texas. The team is backed by Founder and Managing Partner Benson Varghese, whose background as a former insurance adjuster gives the firm valuable insight into how insurance companies evaluate claims and approach litigation. The firm brings extensive courtroom experience, a deep understanding of complex litigation, and valuable insight into how insurance companies evaluate and defend claims. The firm has 70+ team members and four offices across Texas. Fort Bend families have local representation built for serious cases. You've Seen Us On Common Questions From Fort Bend Families Families who have just lost a loved one often come to us with the same core questions. Here are direct answers to what people ask most. Who can file a wrongful death claim in Texas? Under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 71. 004, only the surviving spouse, children, and parents of the deceased may bring a wrongful death action. Adult children and minor children both qualify. If none of these eligible family members file suit within three months of the death, the executor or administrator of the estate may file on the estate's behalf — unless the family members affirmatively request that the executor not file. What if the death involved a car accident, truck crash, or DWI? These are the most common wrongful death scenarios in Fort Bend County, given the heavy commercial traffic along Highway 59, the Grand Parkway, and Highway 90. If a drunk driver, distracted motorist, or negligent trucking company caused the fatal crash, the family may file a civil wrongful death claim regardless of what happens in any parallel criminal case. A criminal conviction can support your civil claim, but it is not required. Learn more about wrongful death in drunk driving cases in Fort Bend County. Can I still file if my loved one was partly at fault? Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule. Recovery is reduced by the percentage of fault attributed to the deceased, but you are not barred from recovery unless the deceased was found to be more than 50%... > Expunction destroys your Texas criminal record; nondisclosure seals it. Board Certified attorneys explain which one you qualify for. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-18 - Modified: 2026-05-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/expunctions-and-nondisclosures/ A criminal record can follow you long after the case is over. It shows up on background checks for jobs, apartments, professional licenses, and school applications — even when you were never convicted. Texas law provides two ways to deal with that record: expunction and nondisclosure. They are not the same thing, and you usually only qualify for one. Here's what each does, who qualifies, and how the timeline works. Expunction vs. Nondisclosure: The Core Difference An expunction destroys the record. Every government agency that holds a file on the arrest has to either return it to the court or physically destroy it. Once the order is final, you can legally deny the arrest ever happened in most situations. Expunctions are governed by Chapter 55A of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure (renumbered from Chapter 55 in the 2023 recodification under HB 4504). A nondisclosure seals the record. It is hidden from the general public — employers, landlords, most background-check companies — but law enforcement, prosecutors, licensing boards, and certain regulated employers (school districts, hospitals, banks, government agencies) can still see it. Nondisclosures are governed by Chapter 411, Subchapter E-1 of the Texas Government Code. If you qualify for an expunction, that's what you want. Nondisclosure is the fallback when expunction isn't available. Who Qualifies for an Expunction Expunction eligibility under Article 55A. 101 is narrow. The main paths: Acquittal. Found not guilty at trial. Dismissal. Case dismissed outright, no-billed by the grand jury, or resolved through certain pretrial diversion programs. No charges filed. You were arrested but the prosecutor never filed an information or indictment, and the statute of limitations has run or the prosecutor certifies the records aren't needed. Pardon. Full pardon, especially one based on actual innocence. Class C deferred disposition. Once you complete a Class C deferred under Article 45. 051. What disqualifies you: a final conviction (outside of pardon), completed deferred adjudication on most charges, or completed probation. DWI probation specifically does not qualify — that's a nondisclosure question, if anything. Expunction Waiting Periods The clock depends on how the case ended: Acquittal: As soon as 30 days after the not-guilty verdict. Dismissal: Generally once the appeal window has closed and prosecution is off the table. No charges filed, Class C arrest: 180 days from the arrest date. No charges filed, Class A or B misdemeanor: 1 year from arrest (statute of limitations is 2 years). No charges filed, most felonies: 3 years from arrest (matches the general felony limitations period). Pardon: After the pardon issues. There is no maximum deadline. An arrest from 2010 that meets the criteria is just as eligible as one from last year. Who Qualifies for a Nondisclosure Nondisclosure is mostly the remedy for people who completed deferred adjudication or, in some cases, straight probation or jail time on lower-level offenses. The path depends on the offense: §411. 072 (Automatic nondisclosure): First-time offenders who completed misdemeanor deferred adjudication for a qualifying offense after September 1, 2017. Excludes Penal Code Chapters... - Published: 2026-05-17 - Modified: 2026-06-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/switching-lawyers-in-a-criminal-case/ Can I Change Lawyers in My Criminal Case? Yes. You have the right to choose your own lawyer in a criminal case. If you hired your current lawyer and you're not happy, you can hire a new one. If the court appointed your lawyer because you couldn't afford to hire one, you can replace that lawyer with a private attorney too. But there's an important catch most people don't understand until it's too late: the judge can't stop you from hiring a new lawyer, but the judge can absolutely refuse to push back your trial date. Those are two very different things, and we'll explain why that matters below. Why People Switch Criminal Defense Attorneys People come to us mid-case for all kinds of reasons. Here are the most common ones we hear. Their Lawyer Won't Communicate This is the number one complaint, by far. You call. You email. Nobody calls back. Court dates come and go and you have no idea what's happening with your case. If your lawyer isn't talking to you, they probably aren't fighting for you either. Their Lawyer Doesn't Have the Right Experience A lawyer who handles a few DWIs is not the same as one who has tried serious felonies. As your case gets more serious, like a federal charge, a sex offense, or a first-degree felony, experience matters more. A lot of clients hire a general lawyer at first, then realize their case needs a specialist. They've Lost Trust in Their Lawyer Maybe their lawyer made promises that didn't pan out. Maybe there were billing surprises. Maybe the client caught their lawyer in something that wasn't true. A criminal case is too serious to walk into court next to someone you don't fully trust. Their Lawyer Is Pushing a Plea They Don't Want Some lawyers fight cases. Others just process them. If your lawyer hasn't investigated, hasn't filed motions, hasn't really gone through the evidence with you, and is pressuring you to take a plea you don't believe in, that's not a personality issue. That's a problem with how your case is being handled. There's a Conflict of Interest Your lawyer represents someone else involved in the case. Your lawyer used to represent the alleged victim. Your lawyer has a relationship with the prosecutor that doesn't feel right. These are real conflicts, and the rules require lawyers to either get your written permission to continue or step aside. Their Lawyer Was Suspended or Disciplined This happens more often than you'd think. You can look up any Texas lawyer's status on the State Bar of Texas website. If a lawyer has been suspended, they can't practice law. Full stop. Their Court-Appointed Lawyer Has Too Many Cases Court-appointed lawyers are often very good. But many of them are juggling 100 or more cases at a time. If your family can now afford to hire a private attorney, you may simply want a lawyer with more time to focus on your case. They Disagree With Their... - Published: 2026-05-17 - Modified: 2026-05-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/under-investigation/ How to Tell If You're Under Criminal Investigation in Texas Most people don't find out they're under investigation until it's too late to do anything about it. By the time officers show up at your door with a warrant, the case has already been built. Witnesses have been interviewed. Records have been pulled. Decisions have been made. The window when you can actually affect the outcome of a criminal investigation is the window before charges are filed. That window is short, and most people miss it because they don't realize they're in it. This article walks you through how to recognize that you're under investigation, what to do, what not to do, what an attorney can actually do during this stage, and why even your lawyer may not be able to find out whether a warrant has been issued for you. Signs You May Be Under Criminal Investigation There's no notification. Police don't send you a letter saying you're a suspect. But there are signals. The more of these you're seeing, the more seriously you should take it. A Detective Calls You and Wants to Talk This is the most obvious sign, and the most commonly missed opportunity. A detective calls or leaves a card on your door asking you to come in for an interview or "give your side of the story. " They may sound friendly. They may say they just want to clear something up. They may say it's not a big deal. It is a big deal. Detectives do not spend their time calling random people. If a detective wants to talk to you, you are either a suspect or a witness they think can implicate a suspect. Either way, you need a lawyer before you say a word. Police Have Contacted Your Family, Friends, Coworkers, or Neighbors If officers are knocking on doors asking about you, talking to your ex, calling your employer, or showing up at your kids' school, you are being investigated. Family members and friends will sometimes call you to say "the police came by asking about you. " Take that call seriously. You've Been Served With a Subpoena for Records A subpoena for your phone records, bank records, medical records, or social media data is a sign that investigators are building a paper trail. Sometimes you find out because the records custodian notifies you. Sometimes you don't find out at all. Your Bank, Employer, or Service Provider Tells You About a Request Some institutions notify customers when law enforcement requests their records. Banks, internet providers, and tech companies sometimes do this when they're legally allowed to. If you get one of these notices, do not ignore it. You've Been Pulled Over and Questioned About Something Unrelated to the Stop Officers sometimes use minor traffic stops to ask questions about a bigger investigation. If a routine stop turned into questions about where you were on a specific date, who you know, or whether you've been in contact with a particular person, you... - Published: 2026-05-14 - Modified: 2026-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/prenupguide/ Prenup Guide Skip to content Your First Chapter A Guide To and Through Prenuptial Planning Your browser does not support the video tag. Schedule Your Prenup Consultation→ Download Your Digital Copy ↓ PRENUPTIAL RESOURCES Everything you need to get the most our of your Prenup Planner. Where do I begin? A simple overview of prenuptial agreements. Learn More → Top 25 Facts on Prenuptial agreements 25 facts every Texas couple should know before signing — or deciding not to sign — a prenup. Learn More → Texas Community Property & Homeownership This article covers how community property laws apply to marriage. Learn More → Download the Digital PDF Instantly download the full Prenup Planner: Your First Chapter - A Guide To And Through Prenuptial Planning Download PDF → YOUR FIRST CHAPTER: THE VIDEO SERIES Explore short, chapter-by-chapter videos that walk you through the prenuptial planning process - hosted by our experienced prenuptial attorney, Dena L. Wilson. く く FURTHER READING & HELPFUL GUIDES What is a Prenuptial Agreement in Texas & Do You Need One? Read Article → Are We Dating the Same Guy? | The Legal Considerations of the Internet Sensation Read Article → Marital Property Agreements in Texas Read Article → Texas Community Property and Home Ownership Read Article → Ready to take the first step? We're here to guide you through this chapter - and the next. Whether you need clarity, direction, or legal representation, our family law team is ready to help. Schedule Your Divorce Consultation Today → Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY | SITE Sitemap Privacy Policy Disclaimer DBA OKF Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas Varghese Summersett – Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Houston Varghese Summersett Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Fort Bend Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile EnglishEspañol Varghese Summersett Our Offices Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Call 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 Call 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 Call 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 Call (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Fort Bend Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Practice Areas Personal Injury Criminal Defense Family Law Firm Our Team Articles Site Sitemap Privacy Policy Disclaimer DBA OKF Search × Criminal Personal Injury Family × Criminal Family Personal Injury × × × × > Sexually abused in Fort Bend County? You can sue the abuser and those who enabled it. Our lawyers fight for survivors. Call now for a free consulation. - Published: 2026-05-12 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-abuse-lawyer/ If you were sexually abused in Fort Bend County, you may have the right to file a civil lawsuit against not only the individual responsible, but also the institution, organization, or employer that failed to protect you. An experienced Fort Bend sexual abuse lawyer can help you seek justice, hold negligent parties accountable, and pursue compensation for the trauma and harm you have suffered. Why Survivors Choose Varghese Summersett Sexual abuse civil cases require a legal team that is both aggressive and deeply compassionate. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys have handled some of the most serious and sensitive injury claims in Texas. The firm has more than 70 team members, four offices across the state, and a proven track record of success. Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, began his career as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices before moving into personal injury law. Damian Williams, a Partner in the Personal Injury Division, is recognized by Lawdragon as one of The 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers, and has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements. Together, they lead a team that prepares every case as if it is going to trial. Our attorneys understand the courage it takes to come forward. We handle every case with discretion, respect, and the relentless pursuit of accountability. There is no fee unless we win. You've Seen Us On You Have Questions. Here Are Answers. Can I sue someone for sexual abuse in Texas? Yes. Texas law allows survivors to file a civil lawsuit against the person who abused them, regardless of whether criminal charges were filed or resulted in a conviction. A civil case and a criminal case are separate proceedings with different standards of proof — and you do not need a criminal conviction to win a civil lawsuit. Can I sue a school, church, or business for sexual abuse? In many situations, yes. Institutions and employers can be held legally responsible for sexual abuse that occurred on their watch if they failed to properly screen employees, ignored warning signs, or covered up known misconduct. These third-party claims are often where the most significant financial recovery is possible. You can learn more about suing a public school for sexual abuse, sexual abuse in private schools, and sexual abuse during a massage. Does it matter if the abuse happened years ago? Texas law gives survivors — especially those abused as children — significantly more time to file than most people realize. The deadline depends on your age at the time of the abuse and when you discovered the harm. An attorney can tell you quickly whether your claim is still viable. What You Must Prove to Win a Sexual Abuse Civil Lawsuit in Texas A civil sexual abuse claim is a personal injury case. Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, the plaintiff — the survivor — must prove four legal elements by a preponderance of the evidence. That means it... > Hurt by a defective product in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-11 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-product-liability-lawyer/ If a defective product injured you in Fort Bend County, you have the right to hold the manufacturer, seller, or distributor accountable. Texas law allows injured victims to recover compensation for medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, and more — without paying any legal fees unless your attorney wins your case. Experienced Product Liability Lawyers Serving Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized firms, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — serving clients throughout Fort Bend County. Our Personal Injury Division is led by Partner Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices who now represents people harmed by dangerous products, among other serious injury cases. Partner Damian Williams has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in some of Texas's most complex personal injury cases — including cases involving dangerous products and industrial failures. Product liability cases are often highly technical and aggressively defended by manufacturers and insurance companies. At Varghese Summersett, we work with engineers, medical experts, and industry specialists to investigate dangerous products, uncover defects, and build strong cases for our clients. Whether the injury was caused by defective machinery, unsafe consumer products, automotive defects, or industrial equipment failures, our team is prepared to fight for the compensation you deserve. You pay nothing unless we win. Call (281) 805-2220 to speak with a Fort Bend product liability attorney today. You've Seen Us On What Is a Product Liability Claim in Texas? Product liability is the legal term for a claim against a company whose defective or dangerous product caused an injury. In Texas, these claims are governed by Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 82, which defines "products liability action" broadly to include any claim for injury caused by a product's manufacture, design, formula, installation, preparation, assembly, testing, marketing, sale, or warning. Three types of defects can give rise to a product liability claim in Texas: Manufacturing defects: The product was designed correctly but built incorrectly, making it dangerous (a cracked brake line, a contaminated food product). Design defects: The entire product line was designed in a way that makes it unreasonably dangerous (a vehicle roof that collapses too easily in a rollover). Marketing defects (failure to warn): The product lacked adequate instructions or warnings about known risks (medication without proper dosage warnings, power tools without safety precautions). Common product liability cases in Fort Bend County involve defective auto parts, industrial equipment, household appliances, medical devices, children's products, and dangerous pharmaceuticals. Fort Bend's mix of petrochemical industry employment, suburban residential growth, and proximity to major distribution corridors makes it a county where defective product injuries occur across a wide range of settings. Who Can Be Held Responsible? Texas product liability law can hold multiple parties responsible for a single injury. Under CPRC § 82. 003, a seller who did not manufacture the product may still be liable if, among other circumstances, it exercised substantial control over the product's design or marketing,... - Published: 2026-05-11 - Modified: 2026-05-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/accessability/ Effective Date: May 11, 2026 Last Updated: May 11, 2026 Varghese Summersett PLLC is committed to ensuring that our website, versustexas. com, is accessible to people with disabilities. We believe that everyone — including individuals who use assistive technologies such as screen readers, screen magnifiers, voice recognition software, and alternative input devices — should be able to access information about our legal services and contact our firm. 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Measures We Take Varghese Summersett takes the following measures to ensure accessibility: Including accessibility as part of our website design and content standards Providing alternative text for meaningful images Structuring content with proper headings, landmarks, and semantic HTML Designing for keyboard navigation Maintaining sufficient color contrast between text and backgrounds Designing forms with clear labels and error messages Periodically reviewing the Site for accessibility issues and remediating them as they are identified Known Limitations Despite our efforts to make the Site accessible, some content may not yet be fully accessible. Known limitations may include older video content without captions or transcripts, certain third-party embedded content (such as chat tools, map widgets, or reviews widgets) over which we have limited control, and PDF documents that were created prior to our current accessibility practices. We are working to address these limitations. 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When reporting an issue, it helps us if you can include: The web address (URL) of the page where you experienced the issue A description of the problem The assistive technology, browser, and operating system you were using, if known Your preferred method of contact for a response We aim to respond to accessibility feedback within five business days and will work to resolve identified issues promptly. Alternative Means of Access If you are... > Hurt or a loved one killed in a Fort Bend County refinery or petrochemical explosion? Our injury attorneys fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-11 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-refinery-explosion-lawyer/ If you were injured in a refinery explosion or petrochemical plant disaster in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue compensation from the company or companies responsible — and you should not have to fight them alone. Serious Cases Demand Serious Lawyers Fort Bend County sits at the heart of one of the most concentrated industrial corridors in the United States. Refineries, petrochemical plants, and processing facilities line the US-90A and Highway 6 corridors and extend into neighboring communities like Rosenberg, Richmond, and Sugar Land. That industrial density makes Fort Bend one of the most economically productive counties in Texas — and one of the most dangerous for workers and nearby residents when safety systems fail. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is built for exactly these cases. Ty Stimpson, who leads the division, has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills representing clients in workplace injuries and catastrophic harm cases. Damian Williams, a partner in the division, brings specific experience handling oilfield explosions and industrial accidents — including multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in Texas's most complex industrial injury cases. The firm has a robust team across four Texas offices and more than 100 years of combined legal experience. Varghese Summersett handles cases on a contingency fee basis — you pay nothing unless they recover money for you. You've Seen Us On What Questions Do Refinery Explosion Victims Ask? Refinery explosion cases raise questions that go beyond a standard personal injury claim. Here are the issues most clients want answered first. Can I sue the refinery if I was an employee? Texas is one of the few states that allows employers to opt out of workers' compensation coverage. Many large refineries and petrochemical operators in Fort Bend County are "non-subscribers" — meaning if they are negligent, injured workers can sue them directly in civil court without the limitations of the workers' comp system. Even if your employer carries workers' comp, you may still have claims against third parties: contractors, equipment manufacturers, or the property owner. What if I was a contract worker or bystander? Contract workers, subcontractors, and even neighbors or passersby injured in a refinery explosion generally have the right to pursue civil claims against the parties whose negligence caused the blast. You do not need to have been an employee of the facility to recover damages. How do I know who is responsible? Refinery explosions rarely have a single cause. Liability may rest with the refinery operator, a maintenance contractor, an equipment or valve manufacturer, a third-party safety inspector, or multiple parties at once. A thorough investigation — including review of OSHA records, process safety management plans, and internal incident reports — is essential to identifying all responsible parties. Texas Law and What You Must Prove Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, an injured person must establish four elements to recover compensation for negligence: duty, breach of that duty, causation, and damages. Duty: The refinery operator, contractor, or equipment manufacturer had a... > Struck by a vehicle in Fort Bend County? Our pedestrian accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-11 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-pedestrian-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a car in Fort Bend County, the driver who struck you may owe you compensation for your medical bills, lost income, and pain and suffering — and you have the right to hold them accountable. A Fort Bend personal injury lawyer at Varghese Summersett can help you pursue every dollar you are owed. You pay nothing unless we win. Why Fort Bend Pedestrian Accident Victims Choose Varghese Summersett Pedestrian accident cases in Fort Bend County can involve catastrophic injuries — broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, and worse. You need a team that fights as hard as the insurance company's lawyers. That is exactly what Varghese Summersett delivers. Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, is a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices. He has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation skills and trial-ready advocacy in car wreck, truck accident, and wrongful death cases. Damian Williams, a partner in the firm's Personal Injury Division, has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. Benson Varghese, the firm's founder, spent a gap year working as an insurance adjuster and interned with an insurance defense firm throughout law school — giving him insider knowledge of exactly how insurance companies fight claims. Backed by a robust team, with four offices across Texas and more than 100 years of combined legal experience, Varghese Summersett has the depth and resources to go toe-to-toe with any insurer. When the other side knows you are prepared for trial, settlements get larger. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Pedestrian Accident in Fort Bend County What if I was partly at fault for the accident? Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule, which means you can still recover compensation even if you were partially to blame — as long as you were not more than 50 percent at fault. However, your recovery is reduced by your percentage of fault. If a jury finds you 20 percent responsible, your award is reduced by 20 percent. An experienced attorney can help make sure fault is assigned fairly. What if the driver fled the scene? Hit-and-run cases are unfortunately common. You may still be able to recover through your own uninsured motorist coverage. Our team investigates these cases aggressively, working with law enforcement and available surveillance footage to identify responsible parties. The driver had no insurance. Now what? Uninsured drivers do not mean an empty hand for injured pedestrians. We explore every avenue — uninsured motorist coverage, underinsured motorist coverage, third-party liability (such as a negligent employer or property owner), and more — to maximize what you recover. Can a family file a claim if a pedestrian was killed? Yes. Texas law allows surviving family members to bring a wrongful death claim for the loss of their loved one, including compensation for loss of companionship, financial support, and mental anguish. What You Must Prove in a Fort Bend Pedestrian... > Child harmed at a school in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury attorneys hold educators and schools accountable. Free consult. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-11 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-school-abuse-lawyer/ If a child was abused, assaulted, or harmed at a Fort Bend County school, the school district or institution may be legally responsible — and you have the right to fight to protect your child. Whether the abuse was sexual, physical, or the result of negligent supervision, Texas law provides legal paths to hold schools accountable. The first step is speaking with an attorney who understands both the law and what your family is going through. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend School Abuse Cases Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected law firms, with a team of more than 70 legal professionals and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm's personal injury division is led by Ty Stimpson, a partner who has been recognized as a Rising Star by Super Lawyers, a Top 40 Under 40 by the National Trial Lawyers, and brings a former prosecutor's instincts to civil litigation — he prepares every case as though it will go before a jury, which consistently produces stronger results at the negotiating table. Damian Williams, a partner in the firm’s personal injury division, is known for handling high-stakes catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. He has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements across Texas and is respected for his strategic, trial-focused approach in some of the state’s most complex injury litigation. Fort Bend County families trust our team because they understand both the emotional weight of these cases and the legal complexities that make school abuse claims uniquely challenging. You've Seen Us On Common Questions Families Ask About School Abuse in Fort Bend Families dealing with school abuse often have the same pressing questions. Can they sue a public school district? Does it matter whether the abuse happened on campus? What if the school knew about the problem and did nothing? The answers depend on several factors — the type of institution, the nature of the harm, who committed the abuse, and what school officials knew. These questions deserve direct answers, not legal runaround. Fort Bend County is home to Fort Bend ISD — one of the largest school districts in Texas — along with numerous private and charter schools in Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Katy, and Pearland. Each type of institution comes with different legal rules, and knowing those rules is the first step toward a successful claim. Can I sue Fort Bend ISD for abuse? — Yes, but governmental immunity creates hurdles that require experienced legal strategy. What if the abuse was by another student? — Schools can still be liable if they knew or should have known and failed to act. What if it happened on a school bus or field trip? — The school's duty of care extends beyond campus walls. Can I still sue if my child didn't report it right away? — Yes. Texas law provides extended deadlines for child sexual abuse claims in particular. Does it matter if the abuser was already charged criminally? — No. A civil... > Hit by a driver who fled in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for full compensation. Call tfor a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2026-05-04 - Modified: 2026-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-hit-and-run-lawyer/ If you were hurt in a hit and run accident in Fort Bend County, you have real legal options — even if the driver was never caught. Texas law and your own insurance policy may both provide paths to compensation. Experienced Hit and Run Lawyers Serving Fort Bend County Being struck by a driver who flees is one of the most frustrating situations a crash victim can face. You are hurt, possibly seriously, and the person responsible is gone. But that does not mean your case is over before it starts. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team has the skill and experience to pursue every avenue of recovery — from tracking down the at-fault driver to maximizing your uninsured motorist claim. The firm's injury lawyers bring deep courtroom credentials and a proven track record. Ty Stimpson, who leads the Personal Injury Division, began his career as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices before building a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial results in personal injury cases. Partner Damian Williams is known for handling complex, high-stakes catastrophic injury and wrongful death matters. If you’ve been injured in a hit-and-run crash, you don’t have to navigate the aftermath alone. Our team is prepared to step in immediately, investigate the facts, and fight for the compensation you deserve. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Hit and Run After a hit and run crash, people typically have questions that go beyond the basics of who pays. Here are the concerns we hear most often. What if the driver was never identified? Your own uninsured motorist (UM) coverage may kick in even when the at-fault driver is unknown. Most Texas policies include this protection, and it can cover your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. An attorney can help you file and fight that claim. What if I was a pedestrian or cyclist? Hit and run crashes injure far more than just other drivers. If you were on foot, on a bike, or even a passenger in another vehicle, you may still have claims under your own policy, a household member's policy, or against the at-fault driver if they are later identified. Our pedestrian accident and bicycle accident pages cover these situations in more detail. Will hiring a lawyer actually help if I'm dealing with my own insurer? Yes. Insurance companies — even your own — are motivated to minimize what they pay. Having an attorney changes the dynamic. It signals that you are prepared to fight, and it often results in meaningfully better outcomes than handling the claim alone. Is it too late to file if some time has already passed? Possibly not, but time matters. Texas imposes strict deadlines on personal injury claims. If you are close to that line, get legal advice immediately. How Texas Law Applies to Hit and Run Injury Claims Texas law requires every driver involved in a collision that causes injury or death to immediately stop... > Hurt in a Fort Bend industrial accident? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-04 - Modified: 2026-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-industrial-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured in an industrial accident in Fort Bend County, you deserve answers, accountability, and a path forward — without added financial stress. At Varghese Summersett, we represent injured workers and their families on a contingency fee basis, so you pay nothing upfront and no legal fees unless we recover compensation for you. Experienced Industrial Accident Attorneys Serving Fort Bend County Fort Bend County is one of the fastest-growing and most industrially active counties in Texas. From the petrochemical corridors along Highway 90A and U. S. 59 to the manufacturing plants in Rosenberg and Stafford, industrial work here is a way of life — and a serious source of risk. When that risk turns into a catastrophic injury or a death, families deserve attorneys who know how to go up against large companies and their insurers. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience, four Texas offices, and a track record of securing significant recoveries in the most challenging injury cases. Our team includes attorneys who have handled oilfield explosions, industrial accidents, and construction-site injuries throughout the greater Houston area and Fort Bend County. Damian Williams, a partner in the firm's Personal Injury Division, focuses specifically on oilfield and industrial accidents, catastrophic injuries, and wrongful death. A graduate of Washington University School of Law, Damian has earned recognition as one of the 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers by Lawdragon and as one of the Best Plaintiff Lawyers Under 40 by D Magazine. He is known for uncovering systemic failures within corporations and presenting them in a way that resonates with juries. Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, handles workplace injury and wrongful death cases with skill honed from years as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices. Founder Benson Varghese — himself a former insurance adjuster and Board Certified Criminal Law attorney — brings unique insider knowledge of how insurance companies defend these claims and uses that knowledge to his clients' advantage. With 70+ team members across Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, Varghese Summersett has the depth and resources to take complex industrial cases to trial if that's what it takes. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Industrial Accident Can I sue if I was injured at work in Texas? Texas is the only state that does not require most private employers to carry workers' compensation insurance. Companies that choose not to carry it are called "non-subscribers. " If your employer is a non-subscriber, you can sue them directly in civil court — and they lose key defenses like the "assumed risk" argument. If your employer does carry workers' comp, you may still have a third-party claim against a contractor, equipment manufacturer, or property owner whose negligence caused your injury. What types of industrial accidents happen in Fort Bend County? Fort Bend County's industrial base includes oil and gas operations, chemical processing, heavy manufacturing, construction, and warehouse and... > Injured in a motorcycle crash in Fort Bend County? Our personal injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-04 - Modified: 2026-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured in a motorcycle accident in Fort Bend County, you may be entitled to compensation for your medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, and more. The key is acting quickly, preserving evidence, and having a legal team that knows how to handle insurance companies that routinely lowball motorcycle riders. Varghese Summersett: Fort Bend County's Motorcycle Accident Attorneys Motorcycle crashes are among the most devastating cases our personal injury team handles. Riders are exposed, and when a negligent driver makes a careless mistake, the consequences can be life-altering — broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, road rash, or worse. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson who has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills. Ty handles motorcycle crash cases, car wrecks, 18-wheeler accidents, workplace injuries, and wrongful death claims. Before entering personal injury law, he prosecuted hundreds of cases at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices — giving him the courtroom confidence that translates directly to trial-tested representation for injured clients. Damian Williams, a partner former prosecutor, brings additional firepower to serious and catastrophic injury cases. Damian has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in personal injury cases. He prepares every case as if it will be decided by a jury — which is exactly the posture that gets insurance companies to pay what a case is actually worth. The firm has more than 70 team members across four Texas offices, including a location in the Houston area serving Fort Bend County clients. Our Fort Bend personal injury lawyers handle cases throughout Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, Stafford, and surrounding communities. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Motorcycle Crash After a crash, riders and their families often don't know where to start. Here are some of the questions we hear most often. Do I need a lawyer if the other driver was clearly at fault? Yes. "Clear fault" rarely translates to a fair settlement on its own. Insurance adjusters work for the insurance company, not for you. Even in cases where liability seems obvious, insurers routinely contest the severity of injuries, dispute causation, or argue that prior conditions are responsible for your pain. An experienced attorney levels that playing field. Can I still recover if I wasn't wearing a helmet? Texas law does not automatically bar your recovery if you weren't wearing a helmet. However, the defense may argue that your failure to wear a helmet contributed to your injuries. How much that affects your case depends on the specific facts and Texas's comparative fault rules, which are explained below. What if the driver who hit me didn't have insurance? You may still have options through your own uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage, if you carry it. Our team investigates every available source of recovery — including insurance policies, employer liability, and third-party claims — to make sure nothing is left on the table. Learn more about motorcycle accident claims in... > Injured or loved one killed in a Fort Bend County oilfield accident? Our attorneys fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation — no fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-05-04 - Modified: 2026-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-oilfield-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured or lost a loved one in an oilfield accident in Fort Bend County, you have the right to hold the responsible companies and contractors accountable — and pursuing that claim should not come with any upfront financial burden. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Fort Bend Oilfield Accident Claim Fort Bend County sits at the heart of Texas oil country. The pipelines, refineries, drilling operations, and industrial facilities that run through Sugar Land, Rosenberg, Missouri City, and Richmond generate tremendous economic activity — and tremendous risk for the workers who keep them running. When an oilfield accident happens, the stakes could not be higher. Burns, amputations, crush injuries, traumatic brain injuries, and wrongful death are not rare outcomes in this industry — they are a predictable consequence of cutting corners on safety. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is built for exactly these cases. Ty Stimpson, who leads the division and has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills representing seriously injured workers. Damian Williams, a Partner who has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements, specifically handles oilfield explosions and industrial accidents and has earned recognition from Lawdragon as one of the 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers in the country (2024, 2025). Founder Benson Varghese — who worked as an insurance adjuster before law school — brings rare insider knowledge of how the defense side evaluates and fights these claims. The firm has more than 70 team members across four Texas offices, with the Houston-area office serving Fort Bend County. Every case is handled with the preparation and commitment of a firm that has earned its reputation through results — not promises. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Oilfield Accident Can I file a lawsuit if I was injured on the job at an oilfield? Possibly, yes — and this is one area where oilfield workers have more options than most injured employees. Texas does not require employers to carry workers' compensation insurance. Many oil and gas companies opt out, which means injured workers may be able to bring a direct negligence lawsuit against their employer. Even when workers' comp is in play, third-party contractors, equipment manufacturers, and property owners may still be liable in a separate civil claim. What if the accident was caused by a subcontractor or equipment failure? Oilfield operations typically involve multiple companies working on the same site. If a subcontractor's negligence, a defective tool, or faulty equipment contributed to your injury, those parties can be held accountable in addition to — or instead of — your direct employer. Texas oilfield accident claims often involve complex chains of liability that require careful investigation. What if someone was killed in the accident? Families of workers killed in Fort Bend County oilfield accidents may have the right to file a wrongful death claim against the responsible parties. These cases are among the most serious matters our firm handles, and we approach them with the gravity and dedication they demand.... > Hurt on someone else's property in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett holds negligent property owners accountable. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-05-04 - Modified: 2026-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-premise-liability-lawyer/ If you were injured on someone else's property in Fort Bend County, the property owner may owe you compensation. Texas law requires property owners to maintain reasonably safe conditions for people they invite onto their land — and when they fail, they can be held legally responsible for the harm that results. Fort Bend County Premises Liability Attorneys You Can Count On Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division represents people injured on dangerous properties across Fort Bend County — from Sugar Land retail centers to Richmond apartment complexes to Missouri City parking lots. Our team brings a powerful combination of prosecutorial training and courtroom experience to every case. Partner Ty Stimpson leads the Personal Injury Division and has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills after his years as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's offices. Partner Damian Williams adds depth to the team with his experience in complex premises liability, catastrophic injury, and wrongful death matters, known for his strategic approach and ability to navigate high-stakes cases with precision. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Premises Injury in Fort Bend County People injured on someone else's property often have the same questions. Can I sue a store if I slipped and fell? What if the accident happened at an apartment complex or someone's home? What if the property was poorly lit and I was attacked? What if I was partly at fault? The answer to most of these depends on your visitor status, the property owner's knowledge of the hazard, and whether their negligence caused your injuries. Texas law provides a framework for answering each of those questions — and an experienced premises liability attorney can tell you quickly whether your case has merit. Common situations that give rise to premises liability claims in Fort Bend County include: Slip and fall accidents in grocery stores, shopping centers, and restaurants Injuries from broken flooring, uneven pavement, or poorly maintained stairs Swimming pool accidents at apartment complexes or private homes Dog bites and animal attacks on private property Assaults caused by inadequate security at apartment complexes, hotels, or parking garages Construction site hazards open to the public Injuries to children caused by "attractive nuisances" like unfenced pools Fires, flooding, or toxic exposure due to building code violations What Texas Law Requires Property Owners to Do Texas premises liability law is rooted in the common law and shaped by the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The duty a property owner owes you depends on why you were on the property. If you were an invitee — someone invited onto the property for business purposes, like a customer at a store — the property owner owes the highest duty of care. They must use ordinary care to reduce or eliminate unreasonable risks of harm that they knew about or should have discovered through reasonable inspection. If you were a licensee — someone allowed onto the property for non-business purposes, like a social guest... > Was your child hurt at a Fort Bend daycare? We hold negligent providers accountable. Call our injury lawyers today—no fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-04-29 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-daycare-abuse-lawyer/ When a daycare facility fails to protect your child, Texas law gives your family the right to hold that facility financially accountable. A Fort Bend County daycare abuse lawyer can investigate what happened, identify who is responsible, and fight for the compensation your child deserves. Why Fort Bend Families Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized law firms, with a team of more than 70 legal professionals and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Sugar Land. Our personal injury attorneys are former prosecutors who know how institutions operate, how insurance companies think, and what it takes to win in court. Ty Stimpson leads the firm's Personal Injury Division. He began his career as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices, handling hundreds of cases before transitioning to personal injury law. He is recognized by Super Lawyers and was named to Fort Worth Inc. 's 40 Under 40. Damian Williams, also a Partner, has secured multiple seven-figure results in catastrophic injury cases and is recognized by Lawdragon as one of The 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers. When your child has been harmed, you deserve attorneys who will not back down. You've Seen Us On What Families Ask After a Daycare Injury in Fort Bend County Parents who come to us after a daycare incident often have the same urgent questions. Can we sue the facility? What if the staff claims it was an accident? What if our child cannot fully describe what happened? These are all legitimate concerns, and the answers are often more favorable to families than they expect. Texas law holds daycare facilities to a legal duty of reasonable care. That means a facility does not have to intend harm for it to be held responsible. A pattern of inadequate supervision, unsafe equipment, undertrained staff, or a failure to follow state-mandated child-to-caregiver ratios can all form the basis of a valid civil claim — even if the incident looks like an accident from the outside. It is also important to understand that a civil lawsuit is separate from any criminal investigation or Child Protective Services inquiry. Your family can pursue compensation through the courts regardless of whether criminal charges are filed against a caregiver. Texas Law: What Must Be Proven in a Daycare Abuse Case A daycare injury or abuse case in Texas is a civil negligence claim. Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, the legal framework that governs these cases focuses on four elements your attorney must establish by a preponderance of the evidence — meaning it is more likely than not that each element is true. The burden of proof rests entirely on the plaintiff, which is your family. The four elements are: Duty: The daycare facility owed a legal duty of reasonable care to your child. This duty exists the moment a facility accepts your child into its care. Texas Human Resources Code § 42 requires licensed childcare centers to meet minimum health... > Injured after being bitten by a dog in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury attorneys fight for maximum compensation. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-29 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dog-bite-lawyer/ A dog bite can happen in seconds and leave you dealing with painful injuries, mounting medical bills, and a recovery that takes weeks or months. If a dog bit you or your child in Fort Bend County, Texas law may entitle you to compensation from the owner — even if the dog had never bitten anyone before. Why Fort Bend Victims Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's premier law firms, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake and a team of more than 70 legal professionals. The firm's Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, a Partner with a prosecutorial background and a track record of exceptional negotiation and trial skills in personal injury matters. He has been recognized as a Super Lawyer, earned a 40 Under 40 distinction from Fort Worth Inc. , and was named a Top 40 Under 40 by the National Trial Lawyers. Damian Williams is a key member of the personal injury team, known for his relentless advocacy on behalf of clients who have been seriously injured. He brings a client-first approach to every case, working closely with individuals and families to ensure they feel informed, supported, and confident throughout the legal process. His dedication to achieving meaningful results and holding negligent parties accountable makes him a trusted advocate for those seeking justice in Fort Bend County. The firm handles dog bite and animal attack cases on a contingency fee basis. You pay nothing unless we recover for you. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Dog Bite in Fort Bend County Who is liable when a dog bites someone in Texas? In most cases, the dog's owner is responsible. If the owner knew — or should have known — the dog posed a danger, liability attaches whether you were bitten on a neighbor's property, a public sidewalk, or anywhere else you had a right to be. Homeowners and renters insurance policies often cover dog bite claims, which means there may be insurance money available to compensate you. What if I Was bitten in a public park or neighborhood? Location matters less than whether you had a legal right to be there. Dog owners in Fort Bend County have a duty to control their animals in public spaces. Fort Bend County and its municipalities have leash ordinances, and violating one can strengthen your claim. What if the dog had never bitten anyone before? Texas does not require a prior bite to establish liability. If the owner had any reason to know the dog was prone to aggression — including past growling, lunging, or a breed-specific history of attacks — that knowledge can be enough. We investigate every angle, from veterinary records to neighbor accounts. My child was bitten. Is the case different? Children are the most common victims of dog attacks, and their cases are taken very seriously by Texas courts. Minor victims have additional protections under the statute of limitations, and damages for a child's injuries —... > Hit by a drunk driver in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-29 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drunk-driving-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a drunk driver in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue full compensation for your injuries, lost income, and pain and suffering — and the drunk driver's insurance company is not on your side. Why Drunk Driving Accident Cases in Fort Bend County Are Different A crash caused by a drunk driver is not an ordinary accident. It is a preventable act of negligence — one that often causes catastrophic injuries and turns families' lives upside down in an instant. These cases are different from typical car accident claims because the law allows victims to pursue not just compensation for their losses, but also punitive damages meant to punish the wrongdoer and deter others. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team has the experience, resources, and courtroom backbone to pursue every dollar you are owed. The firm has more than 70 team members across four Texas offices, including a Houston-area office serving Fort Bend County. Our personal injury partners have tried high-stakes cases before juries and know exactly how insurance companies build their defenses — because several of our attorneys and staff have worked on the other side. You pay nothing unless we win. You've Seen Us On What Questions Do Drunk Driving Accident Victims in Fort Bend County Usually Have? After a crash caused by an impaired driver, most people have more questions than answers. Here are the ones we hear most often. Can I sue the drunk driver personally? Yes. In Texas, you can file a civil lawsuit against the drunk driver for your injuries regardless of whether criminal charges are filed. A criminal conviction is strong evidence in your civil case, but it is not required to recover compensation. Can I also sue the bar or restaurant that served the driver? Possibly. Texas has a Dram Shop law — found at Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code § 2. 02 — that allows victims to hold a licensed alcohol provider liable if the provider served an obviously intoxicated person who then caused the crash. Identifying and pursuing a dram shop claim can significantly increase the pool of insurance coverage available to you. What if the drunk driver had no insurance or very little coverage? Texas law requires drivers to carry minimum liability insurance, but many do not. If the at-fault driver is uninsured or underinsured, you may have a claim under your own uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. Our team examines every available source of recovery — including dram shop claims, employer liability, and your own policy — to maximize what you receive. Does it matter if I was partly at fault? Under Texas's modified comparative fault rule, you can still recover damages as long as you are not more than 50% responsible for the crash. Your recovery is reduced by your percentage of fault. For example, if you are found 10% at fault and your damages total $500,000, you would recover $450,000. This is explained further below. The Law: What You Must Prove in a... > Suffered a burn injury in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-27 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-burn-injury-lawyer/ You Have Two Years — and One Shot to Get This Right If you suffered a burn injury in Fort Bend County due to someone else's negligence, you have the right to pursue full compensation — including medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, and the cost of long-term care. Burn injuries are among the most painful and costly injuries a person can experience, and you deserve an attorney who will fight to make sure the responsible party pays. Why Fort Bend Burn Victims Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — serving clients throughout Fort Bend County. Our personal injury team includes Partner Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division and began his career as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices. He brings that same trial-ready mentality to every burn injury case. Partner Damian Williams has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in some of Texas's most complex injury cases, including oilfield explosions, industrial accidents, and catastrophic injuries. He is recognized by Lawdragon among The 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers and has been named one of the Best Plaintiff Lawyers Under 40 by D Magazine. Founder Benson Varghese — a Board Certified trial lawyer who has taken more than 100 cases before juries — worked as an insurance adjuster before law school. He knows precisely how insurers evaluate claims, and he uses that knowledge against them. The firm has more than 70 team members across four Texas offices and a track record that speaks for itself. When the stakes are highest, this is the team you want in your corner. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Burn Injury in Fort Bend County Burn injury victims and their families often have urgent questions. Below are the issues our attorneys hear most often. Who Can Be Held Responsible for a Burn Injury? Responsibility depends on how and where the burn occurred. Property owners, employers, product manufacturers, contractors, and vehicle operators can all be held liable. In industrial Fort Bend County, workplace burns — especially in chemical plants, refineries, and construction sites along the Highway 6 and Highway 90 corridors — are among the most common cases we handle. But burns also happen in car accidents, from defective products, and in apartment fires caused by a landlord's failure to maintain safe conditions. What If I Was Partly at Fault? Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule. You can still recover damages as long as you were not more than 50 percent responsible for your own injuries. Your recovery is simply reduced by your percentage of fault. An attorney can help you understand how fault is likely to be assigned in your specific situation. Are Burn Injuries Considered Catastrophic? Yes. Severe burns — particularly second- and third-degree burns covering large portions of the body — are classified as catastrophic injuries under Texas law. They typically require emergency surgery, skin... > Seriously injured in Fort Bend County due to negligence? Varghese Summersett's catastrophic injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-04-27 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-catastrophic-injury-lawyer/ If you or someone you love suffered a catastrophic injury in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue full compensation from the person or company responsible — and Varghese Summersett's personal injury team is ready to fight for every dollar you deserve. A Team Built for the Biggest Cases Catastrophic injury cases are not like ordinary accident claims. The injuries are permanent. The medical costs are staggering. And the insurance companies on the other side have enormous resources dedicated to limiting what they pay you. You need a team that matches that firepower — and then some. Varghese Summersett's personal injury division is led by Partner Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices who has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills. He has been named a Rising Star by Super Lawyers, a Top 40 Under 40 by the National Trial Lawyers, and a 40 Under 40 honoree by Fort Worth Inc. Partner Damian Williams handles the firm's most complex catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. A trial-first attorney and former prosecutor, Damian has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in cases involving traumatic brain injuries, amputations, trucking fatalities, oilfield explosions, and industrial accidents. He has been named to Lawdragon's 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers and recognized by D Magazine as one of the Best Plaintiff Lawyers Under 40. Insurance companies know him as a lawyer who cannot be pressured into undervaluing a case. Founder and Managing Partner Benson Varghese — who worked as an insurance adjuster before law school — rounds out the leadership. He brings the rare perspective of someone who has worked on both sides of the table, and he personally handles serious personal injury matters that may go to trial. With more than 100 years of combined experience across the firm, four offices in Texas, and a team of 70+ legal professionals, Varghese Summersett has the depth and resources to take on the largest defendants and their insurers — and to take cases all the way to trial when that is what it takes. You've Seen Us On What Counts as a Catastrophic Injury in Texas? Texas law does not define "catastrophic injury" in a single statute, but the term generally describes injuries so severe that they permanently change a person's ability to work, care for themselves, or live without significant ongoing medical support. The most common catastrophic injury types include: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) — ranging from severe concussions to permanent cognitive impairment Spinal cord injuries — including partial or complete paralysis Amputations — loss of a limb due to trauma or necessary surgery following an accident Severe burn injuries — particularly those requiring grafting and long-term reconstructive care Multiple fractures or crush injuries — often in trucking, construction, or industrial accidents Permanent vision or hearing loss These injuries share a common thread: they don't just heal over time. They reshape every part of a person's life — and that needs to... > Hurt on a Fort Bend construction site? Varghese Summersett fights for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call for a free consultation - Published: 2026-04-27 - Modified: 2026-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-construction-accident-lawyer/ Construction accidents in Fort Bend County can leave workers with devastating injuries, mounting medical bills, and no clear path forward. Texas law gives injured workers and their families powerful legal tools to pursue compensation — but insurance companies and employers move fast to protect themselves. You need an experienced lawyer on your side just as quickly. Why Fort Bend Workers Trust Varghese Summersett Fort Bend County is one of the fastest-growing counties in the United States, with major commercial, residential, and infrastructure construction happening across Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, and Katy. That growth means more construction workers — and more risk. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is built for exactly these cases. The team includes Partner Damian Williams, who has handled complex construction-site injury and industrial accident cases throughout Texas. Damian is known for trial-ready preparation and has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. He is recognized by Lawdragon as one of the 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers and named one of the Best Plaintiff Lawyers Under 40 by D Magazine. Partner Ty Stimpson leads the Personal Injury Division. A former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices, Ty has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills. He has been named a Texas Super Lawyer, a 40 Under 40 honoree by Fort Worth Inc. , and a Fellow of the Texas Bar Foundation. The firm has more than 70 team members across four Texas offices and a track record that includes over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions on the criminal side — a testament to a firm that fights hard in every practice area. On the personal injury side, the team has recovered significant compensation for clients suffering catastrophic injuries, amputations, and traumatic brain injuries — exactly the kind of harm construction accidents cause. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Construction Accident Can I sue if I was hurt on a construction site? Possibly — and against multiple parties. Texas law does not require all employers to carry workers' compensation insurance. If your employer opted out, you may be able to sue them directly. Even if workers' comp applies to your direct employer, third parties — such as a general contractor, subcontractor, equipment manufacturer, or property owner — may still be liable for your injuries. What if I'm an independent contractor? Independent contractors are not covered by workers' compensation, but they have full access to the civil court system. If another party's negligence caused your injury, you can pursue a personal injury claim regardless of your employment classification. What are the most common construction accidents in Fort Bend County? OSHA identifies four leading causes of construction fatalities — known as the "Fatal Four:" falls from heights, being struck by objects, electrocution, and caught-in or caught-between accidents. Fort Bend's active construction corridors along U. S. 59/69, Highway 90, and the Grand Parkway (SH 99) generate a high volume of these... - Published: 2026-04-23 - Modified: 2026-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-18-wheeler-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured by an 18-wheeler in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue compensation from the trucking company, the driver, and any other party whose negligence caused the crash. An experienced attorney can investigate the accident, preserve critical evidence, and fight the trucking company's insurers on your behalf. Experienced Truck Accident Lawyers Serving Fort Bend County Eighteen wheeler accidents are among the most devastating crashes on Texas roads. When a fully loaded semi-truck weighing up to 80,000 pounds collides with a passenger vehicle, the consequences are often catastrophic — traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, amputations, and wrongful death. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team has the experience and resources to take on the trucking industry. Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, has built his reputation handling 18-wheeler accidents, car wrecks, and wrongful death cases, including work on behalf of families who lost loved ones due to someone else's negligence. Damian Williams, a Partner in the division, is recognized by Lawdragon as one of the Top 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers and has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in trucking fatalities and catastrophic injury cases. The firm's personal injury team operates out of its Houston-area office and serves clients throughout Fort Bend County, including Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, Katy, and Stafford. With more than dozens of team members across four Texas offices, Varghese Summersett has the depth to handle complex, high-stakes trucking litigation from day one. There is no fee unless the firm wins your case. You've Seen Us On What to Know About 18-Wheeler Accidents in Fort Bend County Interstate 69, U. S. Highway 90, Highway 59, and the Grand Parkway all run through Fort Bend County — and all of them carry heavy commercial truck traffic every day. Sugar Land and Missouri City sit at the convergence of major distribution corridors connecting Houston to the rest of Texas. That volume means serious truck accidents happen here regularly. Eighteen-wheeler cases are fundamentally different from standard car accident claims. Multiple parties may share liability: the truck driver, the trucking company, the cargo loader, the truck manufacturer, and maintenance contractors can all be responsible depending on the cause of the crash. Federal regulations under the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) impose strict requirements on hours of service, vehicle maintenance, driver qualifications, and cargo securement — and violations of those rules can establish negligence. Evidence in truck accident cases also disappears quickly. Electronic logging device (ELD) data, black box data, dashcam footage, driver qualification files, and maintenance records must be preserved through a formal legal hold. Without an attorney acting fast, that evidence may be overwritten or destroyed. If you or a family member was hurt in a semi-truck crash in Fort Bend County, learn more about why an attorney matters in truck accident cases and what to do if you were injured or killed in a truck accident. What You Must Prove to Win a Truck Accident Claim in Texas Under... > Hurt in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-04-23 - Modified: 2026-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-accident-lawyer/ If you were hurt in an accident in Fort Bend County due to negligence, you have the right to seek compensation from the person or company responsible. A Fort Bend accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett will investigate what happened, deal with the insurance company, and fight for every dollar you are owed — at no cost to you unless we win. Why Fort Bend Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized law firms, with a team of more than 70 attorneys, paralegals, and support professionals serving clients across the state. Our personal injury attorneys have handled some of the most complex accident cases in Texas, including car wrecks, 18-wheeler crashes, oilfield accidents, and wrongful death claims. Ty Stimpson leads our Personal Injury Division. A former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices, Ty brings serious courtroom experience to every case. He represents clients injured in car wrecks, truck accidents, motorcycle crashes, and workplace injuries. Damian Williams, one of our Partners, is recognized by Lawdragon as one of the 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers in the country and by D Magazine as one of the Best Plaintiff Lawyers Under 40. He has secured multiple seven-figure results in trucking fatalities, oilfield explosions, and catastrophic brain injury cases. Founding partner Benson Varghese personally handles serious injury and wrongful death matters. Before law school, he worked as an insurance adjuster— giving him a rare inside view of how insurers value and fight claims. Our firm has four offices — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — and we proudly serve Fort Bend County residents from our Houston location. You've Seen Us On What Types of Accidents Do Fort Bend Accident Lawyers Handle? Accidents happen in many ways. The firm represents clients injured in a wide range of incidents, including: Car accidents, including rear-end collisions, intersection crashes, and highway wrecks 18-wheeler and commercial truck accidents Motorcycle accidents Pedestrian and bicycle accidents Slip and fall and premises liability incidents Oilfield and industrial accidents Rideshare accidents involving Uber or Lyft Wrongful death caused by drunk drivers Fort Bend County includes Sugar Land, Missouri City, Stafford, Richmond, and Rosenberg — communities that sit along some of the busiest corridors in the Houston metro area. U. S. 59/I-69, U. S. 90, and the Grand Parkway (SH 99) see heavy traffic daily, and serious accidents are common. What You Must Prove to Win a Personal Injury Case in Texas Texas personal injury law is built on the concept of negligence. Under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, an injured person must prove four elements to recover compensation: Duty: The at-fault party owed you a legal duty of care. Drivers have a duty to drive safely. Property owners have a duty to keep their premises reasonably safe. Breach: The at-fault party failed to meet that duty — for example, by running a red light, speeding, or ignoring a known hazard. Causation: Their failure directly caused your injuries. Damages: You suffered... > Hit by a car while riding your bike in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for full compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-04-23 - Modified: 2026-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-bicycle-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a negligent driver while riding your bike in Fort Bend County, you have the right to pursue compensation for your injuries, medical bills, lost wages, and more — and a skilled attorney can make a significant difference in how much you recover. Why Fort Bend Cyclists Trust Varghese Summersett Bicycle accident victims face a brutal reality: serious injuries, mounting medical bills, and insurance companies that undervalue claims. Varghese Summersett's personal injury team has the courtroom experience, insider knowledge, and resources to change that outcome. Ty Stimpson leads the firm's Personal Injury Division and brings a prosecutorial background from both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's offices. That experience — handling hundreds of cases before juries — translates directly to holding negligent drivers accountable. He has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills, and insurance companies know he is prepared to take cases to court. Partner Damian Williams represents clients in catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. A former Dallas County prosecutor who has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements, Damian is particularly skilled at representing clients who have suffered amputations, traumatic brain injuries, and spinal damage — injuries that are tragically common in bicycle collisions. Firm founder Benson Varghese spent time as an insurance adjuster before building one of Texas's most recognized injury practices. He knows how the other side calculates risk — and uses that knowledge to maximize recoveries. Together, the team is part of a firm with dozens of legal professionals, four Texas offices, more than 100 years of combined experience, plus a proven track record in serious civil litigation. When the stakes are high, this depth matters. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Bend Bike Accident Injured cyclists often come to us with the same pressing concerns. How do I pay my medical bills right now? What if the driver who hit me doesn't have insurance? What if the police report says I was partially at fault? These are all questions we answer every day. Fort Bend County sees significant bicycle traffic across communities like Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, and Pearland. As the area grows, more cyclists share the road with commuters, delivery trucks, and commercial vehicles. When a driver fails to respect that space, the consequences can be devastating. Bicycle riders are among the most vulnerable people on Texas roads. They have no metal frame around them, no airbags, and no crumple zones. A collision that leaves a car driver shaken can leave a cyclist with broken bones, a traumatic brain injury, spinal cord damage, or other catastrophic injuries. That's why the law gives cyclists the right to pursue full compensation when a negligent driver is responsible. Your Legal Rights as a Fort Bend Cyclist Under Texas Transportation Code § 551. 101, a person operating a bicycle on a roadway has the same rights and duties as the operator of a motor vehicle. Drivers owe cyclists the same duty of care they... > Suffered a brain injury in Fort Bend County? Our injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. - Published: 2026-04-23 - Modified: 2026-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-brain-injury-lawyer/ A brain injury caused by someone else's negligence can change your life in an instant — and you and your family deserves serious legal representation. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Bend brain injury lawyers fight to hold negligent parties accountable and recover the maximum compensation for your losses. We handle these cases on contingency, meaning you pay nothing unless we win. Why Fort Bend Families Trust Varghese Summersett for Brain Injury Cases Brain injury cases demand more than a general personal injury attorney. They require a team with the trial experience, medical knowledge, and resources to take on insurance companies and corporations that will fight to minimize your recovery. Varghese Summersett's personal injury division has those capabilities — and a documented track record in catastrophic injury cases across Texas. Our team includes Damian Williams, a Partner in the firm's Personal Injury Division who has devoted his career to representing clients with catastrophic injuries, including traumatic brain injuries. Damian earned his Juris Doctor from Washington University School of Law in 2012 and brings a former prosecutor's perspective to civil litigation. He prepares every case as if it will be decided by a jury and has achieved multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements — including significant recoveries in severe brain injury cases. He is known both for his courtroom skill and for the compassion he brings to clients and families navigating the most difficult moments of their lives. Varghese Summersett has dozens of dedicaated team members, four Texas offices, and a reputation for taking the cases insurance companies hope you'll settle cheaply. If you've suffered a brain injury in Fort Bend County, you need lawyers who won't be pressured into undervaluing your case. Reach our Fort Bend team at (281) 805-2220. You've Seen Us On Brain Injuries in Fort Bend County: What You Need to Know Fort Bend County sits along some of Texas's most heavily trafficked corridors, including US-59/I-69 and the Grand Parkway (SH 99). High-speed collisions on these roads, along with workplace accidents in the region's energy and construction sectors, are among the most common causes of traumatic brain injuries here. Slip-and-fall accidents, assaults, and defective products round out the rest. Brain injuries are unique in personal injury law because their effects aren't always immediately obvious. A person can walk away from a car accident and develop symptoms — memory loss, personality changes, chronic headaches, seizures — in the days, weeks, or even months that follow. Insurance adjusters know this and often try to close claims quickly, before the true scope of the injury is understood. Common questions people have after a brain injury include: What if my symptoms didn't appear right away — can I still file a claim? What if I was partially at fault for the accident? What does a brain injury case actually pay out? How long will my case take? What if the at-fault driver has no insurance or limited coverage? This page answers those questions and more. If you'd rather speak with a lawyer directly,... > Charged with robbery in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced criminal defense team is ready to fight for you. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-22 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/fort-bend-robbery-lawyer/ A robbery charge in Fort Bend County is a serious felony that can send you to prison for decades. If you or someone you love has been arrested, the most important thing you can do right now is hire an experienced criminal defense attorney before making any statements to law enforcement. Experienced Fort Bend County Robbery Defense Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with four offices across the state and a team of seasoned criminal defense attorneys. The firm has earned over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions across its practice areas. When it comes to felonies like robbery, that depth of experience matters. Leading the firm's Houston-area practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Hanson is also Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. He knows how prosecutors in this jurisdiction build these cases—because he built them himself. The firm has been featured in major media outlets across Texas and has received consistent recognition from Super Lawyers, including a Rising Star designation for Hanson. When you hire Varghese Summersett, you're not hiring a solo practitioner. You're getting an entire team behind you. You've Seen Us On What You're Facing: Common Questions After a Robbery Arrest People charged with robbery in Fort Bend County often come to us with the same urgent questions. Here are direct answers. Is robbery a felony in Texas? Yes. Robbery under Texas law is a second-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison. Aggravated robbery is a first-degree felony. Both carry the possibility of years or decades in state prison. What's the difference between robbery and burglary? Robbery involves a direct confrontation with another person. Burglary involves unlawfully entering a structure—it doesn't require a victim to be present. Robbery, by definition, requires another person to be harmed or threatened. What if I'm charged with both robbery and another offense? It's common for robbery charges to come alongside charges like evading arrest, assault, or unlawful carrying of a weapon. Each additional charge creates additional exposure. A skilled defense attorney will evaluate each charge independently and look for ways to challenge or reduce all of them. Can a robbery charge be reduced or dismissed? Yes. Varghese Summersett has secured dismissals and no-bills on robbery charges. Results depend on the facts of your case, the strength of the evidence, and the quality of your defense. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. What Texas Law Says About Robbery Under Texas Penal Code § 29. 02, a person commits robbery if, in the course of committing theft and with intent to obtain or maintain control of property, they: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person; or Intentionally or knowingly threaten or place another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. The key... > Charged with theft in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced defense team fights to protect your record and future. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-20 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/ A theft charge in Fort Bend County can cost you your job, your professional license, and your reputation — even for a first offense. Here's what you need to know right now: theft is a crime of moral turpitude in Texas, which means employers, landlords, and licensing boards take it seriously. The good news is that theft charges are among the most defensible in the Texas Penal Code, and the right attorney can make a critical difference. Why Fort Bend County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of the most respected criminal defense firms in Texas, with four offices and a team of more highly experienced attorneys, including Board Certified lawyers and former prosecutors. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions for clients across the state. Leading the firm's Houston-area practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and area lead for the Houston office. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County, where he prosecuted the same types of cases he now defends. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings a prosecutor's insight to every case he handles. He also serves as a Judge Advocate in the United States Army Reserve. Fort Bend County theft cases are heard at the Fort Bend County Justice Center in Richmond. Whether your charge is a misdemeanor shoplifting case or a felony theft allegation, having an attorney who knows Fort Bend County's courts, judges, and prosecutors is an advantage that can't be overstated. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Theft Charges in Fort Bend County Will a theft charge show up on my background check? Yes. In Texas, theft is classified as a crime of moral turpitude, meaning it appears on criminal background checks and can disqualify you from certain jobs, housing, and professional licenses. Even deferred adjudication for a theft charge may appear unless you later obtain a nondisclosure order. Can I be charged with theft for something I thought was mine? Intent is a critical element of theft. If you genuinely believed you had a right to the property, that belief can be a complete defense. The prosecution must prove you intended to deprive someone of their property without consent. What's the difference between theft, robbery, and burglary? Theft involves taking property without using force or threat. Robbery involves taking property from a person using or threatening force. Burglary involves entering a structure with intent to commit a crime inside. These distinctions matter enormously for the severity of charges and potential penalties. Is shoplifting a felony in Texas? It depends on the value of the merchandise and your criminal history. Shoplifting items worth less than $100 is a Class C misdemeanor. Repeat theft or theft of items worth $2,500 or more can result in felony charges. Texas also has a specific organized retail theft... > Charged with aggravated robbery in Fort Bend County? This is a first-degree felony that carries a punisment of 5 to 99 years in prison. Call for a free consultation today. - Published: 2026-04-20 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/aggravated-robbery/ Aggravated robbery in Fort Bend County is a first-degree felony. A conviction carries five to 99 years in a Texas state prison, a fine up to $10,000, and a permanent felony record that follows you for the rest of your life. If you or someone you love has been arrested for aggravated robbery in Sugar Land, Missouri City, Rosenberg, or anywhere in Fort Bend County, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney fighting for you immediately. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Aggravated Robbery Defense Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with four offices, a team of highly skilled defense attorneys and a track record of over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. The firm's Houston-area team is led by Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, who served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County before moving to the defense side. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. That prosecutorial background means the team knows exactly how Fort Bend County prosecutors build aggravated robbery cases — and how to dismantle them. Varghese Summersett attorneys have been featured in major media outlets and have earned top ratings from independent attorney review organizations. Five of the firm's attorneys hold board certifications from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — a credential fewer than 5% of Texas lawyers earn. When the stakes are this high, experience and credentials matter. To speak with a Fort Bend criminal defense attorney any time of day or night, call (281) 805-2220. There is no charge for the consultation. You've Seen Us On What People in Fort Bend County Are Asking About Aggravated Robbery Aggravated robbery charges raise urgent, practical questions. The answers below address what most people want to know first. Is aggravated robbery a felony in Texas? Yes. Aggravated robbery is a first-degree felony under Texas law — the most serious non-capital felony classification. There is no misdemeanor version of this charge. What makes a robbery "aggravated"? A robbery becomes aggravated when the person causes serious bodily injury to someone, uses or displays a deadly weapon, or threatens or injures a person who is 65 or older or disabled. Any one of these factors elevates a robbery to the aggravated level. What is the difference between robbery and aggravated robbery? Robbery under Texas Penal Code § 29. 02 is a second-degree felony. When any of the aggravating factors above are present, the charge upgrades to first-degree under § 29. 03. You can learn more at our page on robbery in Texas and how it compares to aggravated robbery. Can I be charged with aggravated robbery even if I didn't have a real weapon? Yes. Texas law only requires that a deadly weapon was "used or exhibited. " Courts have held that the weapon does not have to be real — a replica firearm or even a hand gesture implying a weapon may satisfy this element in certain circumstances. Each case turns on its specific... - Published: 2026-04-20 - Modified: 2026-04-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/auto-theft/ Auto theft charges in Fort Bend County are filed as Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle (UUMV) under Texas Penal Code § 31. 07 — a state jail felony that can carry up to two years behind bars and a $10,000 fine. If the alleged auto theft involved intent to permanently deprive the owner, prosecutors can instead charge felony theft under § 31. 03, where penalties escalate based on the vehicle's value and can reach first-degree felony territory. Why Your Choice of Attorney Matters in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with a team of highly experienced defense attorneys, four offices, and a track record that includes more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. The firm has five Board Certified attorneys — the highest designation the Texas Board of Legal Specialization awards. Leading the firm's Houston and Fort Bend operations is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Hanson is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, has tried more than 60 cases before a jury, and brings over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. Critically for Fort Bend clients, Hanson previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County — giving him firsthand knowledge of how that office builds auto theft and UUMV cases, and where they can be challenged. The firm has appeared in major media outlets across the country and consistently earns recognition in Super Lawyers and Best Lawyers in America. If you are facing auto theft or UUMV charges in Fort Bend County, you deserve a team that knows these courts, these prosecutors, and these defenses. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Auto Theft Charges in Fort Bend County People facing these charges often have the same urgent questions. Here are direct answers to the ones we hear most. Is "Auto Theft" a Felony in Texas? Yes. In virtually every scenario, taking or using someone else's vehicle without permission is charged as a felony in Texas — either UUMV (state jail felony) or theft (a range of felony levels depending on the vehicle's value). What Is the Difference Between UUMV and Auto Theft? Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle (UUMV) under § 31. 07 applies when someone takes or operates a vehicle without the owner's consent but without the specific intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. Theft of a vehicle under § 31. 03 requires proof that the person intended to permanently take the car. UUMV is a state jail felony. Theft is charged at higher felony levels based on the vehicle's value. Can I Be Charged with UUMV for Borrowing a Car? Yes, if you did not have the owner's effective consent. Even if you believed you had permission, the State may argue otherwise. Consent disputes are one of the most common and effective defense strategies in these cases. What if the Vehicle Belonged to a Family Member? Family... > Need a Fort Bend burglary lawyer? We defend clients facing burglary charges in Fort Bend County with strategic, results-driven representation. Call now. - Published: 2026-04-20 - Modified: 2026-04-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-theft-lawyer/burglary/ A burglary charge in Fort Bend County is a felony that can follow you for life. Whether you're accused of breaking into a home, a commercial building, or a vehicle, the stakes are serious — and the time to get a skilled criminal defense lawyer on your side is now. Defending Burglary Charges in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with a team of highly skilled attorneys in four offices across the state, including a Houston-area office that serves Fort Bend County. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across Texas. Leading the Houston and Fort Bend County criminal defense practice is Mike Hanson, a Senior Counsel and Board Certified attorney with over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Hanson served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County — giving him direct, firsthand knowledge of how prosecutors in this jurisdiction build and pursue burglary cases. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. He is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and his practice includes felony property crimes. The firm's criminal defense team also includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, former chief prosecutors, and attorneys who have collectively tried hundreds of cases before Texas juries. When you're facing a burglary charge in Fort Bend County, Varghese Summersett brings institutional knowledge of local courts, local prosecutors, and local procedure that most law firms simply cannot match. You've Seen Us On What You're Probably Wondering Right Now If you or someone you love has been charged with burglary in Fort Bend County, you likely have a lot of questions. Here are some of the most common ones we hear: Is burglary always a felony in Texas? Yes. Every form of burglary under Texas law is charged as a felony. There is no misdemeanor burglary charge in Texas. What's the difference between burglary and robbery? Many people use these words interchangeably, but they mean very different things under Texas law. Burglary involves unlawfully entering a structure or vehicle with intent to commit a crime inside. Robbery involves taking property from a person directly, through force or threat. You can read more in our blog on the difference between burglary and robbery. Can a burglary charge be dismissed? Yes. Burglary charges are defensible, and Varghese Summersett has obtained dismissals and no-bills in burglary cases. The specific facts of your case determine which defense strategies apply. Do I have to prove I'm innocent? No. The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You are presumed innocent, and the prosecution must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. What Is Burglary Under Texas Law? Texas defines burglary in Texas Penal Code § 30. 02. The law covers three distinct types of conduct. A person commits burglary if, without the effective consent of the owner, they: Enter a habitation... > Charged with indecency with a child in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys provide strategic, aggressive representation. Call today for a consultation. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/indecency-with-a-child/ Indecency with a child is one of the most serious felony charges in Texas — and in Fort Bend County, a conviction carries years in prison and mandatory lifetime sex offender registration. If you or someone you care about has been charged or is under investigation, the time to act is right now. Experienced Fort Bend County Defense Attorneys Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with a team of experienced defense attorneys in offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across thousands of cases — including some of the most difficult sex crime allegations in the state. Leading the firm's Fort Bend County defense work is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Houston Area Lead. Before joining Varghese Summersett, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — meaning he knows exactly how these cases are built and how to take them apart. He has tried more than 60 cases before juries and brings a decade of combined prosecution, military legal service, and criminal defense experience to every client he represents. When the charge is indecency with a child, the stakes cannot be higher. You need a lawyer who understands Fort Bend County courts, knows the prosecutors, and has the skills to fight back aggressively. Varghese Summersett's Fort Bend criminal defense team is ready to take your call right now. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Does "Indecency with a Child" Mean in Texas? Many people are surprised to learn that "indecency with a child" covers two distinct offenses under Texas law — one involving physical contact and one involving exposure alone. Both are felonies. Both require sex offender registration. And both can permanently alter the course of your life. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 11, a person commits this offense when they engage in sexual contact with a child under 17 years of age, cause the child to engage in sexual contact, or — with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire — expose their genitals or anus while present with a child under 17, or cause the child to expose themselves. The child's apparent consent is not a defense. The defendant's belief about the child's age can be a defense in limited circumstances, but only if the person took specific affirmative steps to verify the child's age. Accusation alone can trigger an arrest — and the investigation that follows moves fast. What the State Must Prove — and the Standard It Must Meet This is a criminal charge. The burden of proof rests entirely on the State of Texas — not on you. You have no obligation to prove your innocence. The prosecution must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt, which is the highest standard in the legal system. For Indecency with a Child by Contact (§ 21. 11(a)(1)), the State must prove: The defendant engaged in sexual contact... > If you’re accused of continuous sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County, the stakes couldn’t be higher. Understand the charge, potential punishment, and what comes next. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/continuous-sexual-assault-child/ Continuous sexual abuse of a young child is one of the most seriously prosecuted charges in Texas law. A conviction means a mandatory sentence of 25 to 99 years or life in prison — with no possibility of parole. If you or someone you love has been accused of this offense in Fort Bend County, the time to act is now. Why the Defense Team You Choose Matters Here Varghese Summersett is one of the most decorated criminal defense firms in Texas, with four offices, a team of highly respected criminal defense attorneys, and a track record that includes over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. The firm has five board-certified attorneys — a credential held by fewer than 3% of Texas lawyers — and more than 100 years of combined legal experience. Mike Hanson leads Varghese Summersett's Houston office and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law. He served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County and has tried more than 60 jury trials. His firsthand experience inside the Fort Bend County court system gives him a distinct advantage for clients in this region. You've Seen Us On What Is Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Young Child? Many people ask how this charge is different from other child sex offenses in Texas. The answer comes down to repeated conduct over time. Where a single act might be charged as sexual assault of a child or indecency with a child, prosecutors use the continuous offense statute when they allege an ongoing pattern of abuse. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 02, a person commits continuous sexual abuse of a young child if: The conduct spans a period of 30 or more days During that period, the person commits two or more acts of sexual abuse The actor is 17 years of age or older at the time of each act The victim is a child younger than 14 years of age at the time of each act "Acts of sexual abuse" is defined broadly under the statute. Qualifying acts can include sexual contact under § 21. 11(a)(1), sexual assault under § 22. 011, aggravated sexual assault under § 22. 021, and several others. What the Prosecution Must Prove In any criminal case, the burden of proof rests entirely on the State of Texas. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. The prosecution must establish every element of this offense beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest legal standard in our justice system. Specifically, the State must prove: The defendant was 17 years of age or older The victim was a child younger than 14 At least two qualifying acts of sexual abuse occurred Those acts took place during a period of 30 or more days in duration One significant — and controversial — feature of this statute: the jury is not required to agree unanimously on which specific acts were committed. The jury only needs to agree unanimously that at least two... > Charged with online solicitation of a minor in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends these serious felonies. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/online-solicitation-minor/ Online solicitation of a minor is a felony in Texas that carries years in prison, mandatory sex offender registration, and lifelong consequences. If you or someone you love has been charged in Fort Bend County, the time to act is now. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Online Solicitation Cases Varghese Summersett is one of the most experienced criminal defense firms in Texas, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across the state. Leading the firm's Fort Bend County and Houston-area defense is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and spent over a decade as a prosecutor, including time as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County. He knows the courts, the prosecutors, and the tactics law enforcement uses in these investigations. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. When the charge involves potential prison time and a lifetime on the sex offender registry, you need an attorney who has worked both sides of these cases. Varghese Summersett's Fort Bend criminal defense team brings that level of experience to every client. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know If You've Been Charged Online solicitation cases in Fort Bend County usually start with a law enforcement sting. An officer poses as a minor on a social media platform, dating app, or messaging service. What may have begun as a casual conversation can turn into an arrest, often followed by a search of every device you own. These cases move quickly. Prosecutors in Fort Bend County treat them seriously, and the consequences of a conviction extend far beyond the courtroom. Understanding what the law says — and where it can be challenged — is the first step toward building a real defense. Related charges sometimes filed alongside online solicitation include possession of child pornography, child grooming, and sexual assault. If you are facing any combination of these charges, the defense strategy must account for all of them together. The Law: Texas Penal Code § 33. 021 Under Texas Penal Code § 33. 021, online solicitation of a minor is defined as knowingly using the Internet, electronic mail, text messaging, or any other electronic communication platform to solicit a minor to meet with intent to engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse. To convict under § 33. 021(b), the State must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant communicated over the Internet, by electronic mail, text message, or through a commercial online service The defendant knowingly solicited a minor (or someone the defendant believed to be a minor) to meet The defendant acted with intent that the minor would engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with the defendant or another person The burden of proof is entirely on the State. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. Every element above... > Charged with prostitution in Fort Bend County? Get clear guidance on the law, potential penalties, and how an experienced defense lawyer can help. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/prostitution/ A prostitution charge in Fort Bend County can follow you for the rest of your life — affecting your job, housing, and reputation. The good news: a charge is not a conviction, and the right defense can make all the difference. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Prostitution Defense? Varghese Summersett has a dedicated presence in the Houston and Fort Bend County area, led by Mike Hanson — a Senior Counsel and Area Lead who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. That prosecutorial experience means he knows exactly how these cases are built and where they can be challenged. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. The firm's 70-plus-member team operates out of four Texas offices and has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions across all practice areas. The firm's attorneys have been featured in media across Texas and are regularly recognized among the state's top criminal defense lawyers. You've Seen Us On What Is Prostitution Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 02, a person commits prostitution by knowingly offering or agreeing to receive a fee from another to engage in sexual conduct. This means simply agreeing to exchange sex for money — even if no sex act occurs — can lead to an arrest. Texas law draws a clear line between prostitution and solicitation of prostitution. Under § 43. 021, a person commits solicitation by offering to pay another person to engage in sexual conduct. The two offenses are treated differently in terms of penalties, and both require a skilled defense. What the State Must Prove To convict you of prostitution under § 43. 02, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt each of the following elements: You knowingly offered or agreed to receive a fee The fee was in exchange for sexual conduct You were the person who would engage in that sexual conduct The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You have no obligation to prove innocence — and the prosecution must establish every element beyond a reasonable doubt before a jury can convict. Penalties for Prostitution in Fort Bend County Penalties in Texas depend heavily on whether you have prior convictions and the circumstances of the alleged offense. Under § 43. 02, the punishment ranges are: Class B misdemeanor — first offense; up to 180 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000 Class A misdemeanor — one or two prior prostitution convictions; up to 1 year in jail and a fine up to $4,000 State jail felony — three or more prior convictions; 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and a fine up to $10,000 Second-degree felony — if the conduct was committed within 1,000 feet of a school; 2 to 20 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000 Beyond jail time... > Sex offender registration in Fort Bend County carries strict rules and severe penalties. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/sex-offender-registration/ Sex offender registration in Texas is one of the most far-reaching and life-altering consequences a person can face. If you are required to register in Fort Bend County, missing a deadline, providing incomplete information, or failing to update your address can result in a new felony charge on top of everything else you are already dealing with. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett handle sex crime cases throughout the Houston area and Fort Bend County. Call (281) 805-2220 to speak with a member of our team. Why Fort Bend County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett With Sex Offense Cases Varghese Summersett is a Texas law firm with more than 100 years of combined experience across four offices, including a Houston-area team that regularly handles sex cases in Fort Bend County. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients throughout Texas. Mike Hanson leads the firm's Houston office. He is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County, giving him firsthand knowledge of how local prosecutors approach sex offense cases. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings that trial experience to every client he represents. The firm's team includes 70-plus members across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. When sex offender registration violations, failure-to-comply charges, or related matters arise in Fort Bend County, clients have access to attorneys who know the law and know the local courts. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Sex Offender Registration in Fort Bend County People facing registration requirements often arrive at our office with urgent concerns. The most common questions we hear include: What exactly am I required to do, and how often? What happens if I miss a registration deadline or forget to update my address? Can I ever get off the sex offender registry? Will registration affect where I can live or work in Fort Bend County? I moved to Fort Bend County from another state. Do I have to register here? I was convicted of a sex offense years ago. Am I still required to register? These questions have real answers under Texas law. This page walks through each of them. What Texas Law Requires: Sex Offender Registration Under Chapter 62 Texas sex offender registration is governed by Chapter 62 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. The law imposes specific duties on anyone who has been convicted of or placed on deferred adjudication for a qualifying sex offense. Who Must Register Under Chapter 62, a person must register with local law enforcement if they were convicted of or placed on deferred adjudication for a "reportable conviction or adjudication. " The list of qualifying offenses is extensive and includes: Sexual assault and aggravated sexual assault Indecency with a child by contact or exposure Continuous sexual abuse of a child Online solicitation of a minor Possession or promotion of child pornography Compelling prostitution Certain kidnapping offenses with a sexual component Burglary of a... > Charged with sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County? Our criminal defense attorneys fight serious sex crimes. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-16 - Modified: 2026-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/child-sexual-assault/ If you or someone you love has been charged with sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County, the next steps you take could determine the rest of your life. A conviction can carry decades in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and consequences that never go away. Why Your Choice of Attorney Matters in Fort Bend County Child sexual assault allegations are among the most aggressively prosecuted cases in Texas. Fort Bend County prosecutors treat these charges as top priority. A conviction can mean prison time, no chance at deferred probation, and lifetime registration as a sex offender. The only way to fight back is with an attorney who has done this before — and done it successfully. Varghese Summersett brings a team of more than 70 legal professionals across four Texas offices, including a Houston office that handles the most serious sex crimes cases in the region. The firm has earned over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. That track record belongs to the firm as a whole, built by attorneys who came to defense work after years of prosecuting these exact cases. Mike Hanson leads the Houston office and Fort Bend cases. Before joining Varghese Summersett, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. He knows exactly how these cases are built and where they fall apart. The firm also includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists Anna Summersett, Benson Varghese and Letty Martinez. Attorneys Mike Hanson and Lisa Herrick are Board Certified in Juvenile Law. Five board-certified criminal attorneys in a single firm is exceptional by any standard in Texas. You've Seen Us On Common Questions When Facing These Charges People accused of child sexual assault in Fort Bend County often come to us with the same urgent questions. Can these charges be beaten? What happens to my family while this plays out? Will I have to register as a sex offender even if I'm innocent? What if the accusation came from a child who was coached or confused? These are fair questions, and they deserve real answers. The short version: yes, these charges can be challenged, and in some cases dismissed or rejected outright. The outcome depends heavily on the specific facts, the quality of the investigation, the credibility of the allegations, and how quickly you get an experienced attorney involved. Other related charges that often accompany or are confused with sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County include indecency with a child by contact, aggravated sexual assault of a child, and continuous sexual abuse of a child. Each carries its own set of elements, penalties, and defenses. Texas Law: What Sexual Assault of a Child Actually Means Texas law defines several related but distinct offenses involving sexual contact with a minor. Understanding which charge applies — and what the prosecution must prove — is the foundation of any defense. Sexual Assault of a Child — Texas Penal Code § 22. 011(a)(2) Under Texas Penal... > Charged with aggravated sexual assault of a child in Fort Bend County? First-degree felony. Life sentence possible. Speak with a defense attorney now. - Published: 2026-04-14 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault-child/ What Is Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child in Fort Bend County? Aggravated sexual assault of a child is a first-degree felony in Texas, punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in prison. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, the charge applies when a person engages in certain sexual acts with a child younger than 14—or when specific aggravating circumstances are present, regardless of the child's age. A conviction in Fort Bend County almost always results in lifetime sex offender registration and no possibility of standard probation. Why the Lawyer You Choose in Fort Bend County Matters When you are facing an allegation as serious as aggravated sexual assault of a child, the attorney you choose is one of the most important decisions you will make. These cases carry some of the harshest penalties under Texas law — including lengthy prison sentences, lifetime sex offender registration, and consequences that can permanently impact your reputation, career, and family. In Fort Bend County, these cases are aggressively prosecuted. Law enforcement and prosecutors often begin building their case long before an arrest is made, using forensic interviews, digital evidence, and expert testimony. That means your defense needs to be just as thorough, strategic, and proactive from day one. This is not the type of case where general legal experience is enough. You need a defense team that understands the nuances of Texas sex crimes law, the science behind forensic evidence, and the specific tendencies of local courts and prosecutors. That’s where experience becomes critical. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team includes former prosecutors who have handled serious felony cases from the other side of the courtroom. That insight allows us to anticipate how the state will approach your case — and develop a strategy to counter it effectively. We are known across Texas for handling high-stakes, high-profile cases, including allegations involving sexual offenses. Our team understands that these cases often come down to credibility, detailed timelines, and careful examination of the evidence. We work with investigators, forensic experts, and mitigation specialists to challenge the state’s case at every level. With more than 70 legal professionals across four offices and a track record that includes over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions, our firm has the resources and experience to take on even the most complex cases. But just as important as experience is approach. These cases require discretion, precision, and a defense strategy tailored to the unique facts of your situation. From the initial investigation through trial, every decision matters. Early intervention can sometimes make a significant difference — whether that means protecting your rights during questioning, challenging evidence before charges are filed, or positioning your case for the best possible outcome. When your future is on the line, you need more than just a lawyer — you need a team that is prepared to stand between you and the full force of the state. Choosing the right attorney in Fort Bend County isn’t just important. It can... > Charged with aggravated sexual assault in Fort Bend? Our experienced Texas defense lawyers fight serious felony cases. Call now for help. - Published: 2026-04-14 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault/ Aggravated sexual assault is a first-degree felony in Texas that carries a mandatory minimum of five years in prison — and up to 99 years or life. If you or a loved one is facing this charge in Fort Bend County, the most important step you can take right now is speaking with an experienced criminal defense attorney before you say anything to law enforcement. Why Your Choice of Attorney Matters in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience, five board-certified attorneys, and a team of experienced legal professionals across offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — serving clients throughout Fort Bend County. Our attorneys have achieved over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas. Our team includes former prosecutors who have spent careers inside the system — giving us insight that most defense attorneys simply don't have. For clients facing charges in Fort Bend County, Mike Hanson leads our Houston-area team. Mike is board certified in Juvenile Law, served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County, and has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. His direct experience prosecuting cases in Fort Bend County courts — and his ongoing service as a Judge Advocate in the U. S. Army Reserve — gives him a perspective that is genuinely rare in criminal defense. The firm has been featured across major national and local media outlets, and has been named among the fastest-growing law firms in America by Inc. 5000 magazine multiple times. You've Seen Us On Common Questions People Have When Facing This Charge People charged with Fort Bend aggravated sexual assault often come to us with urgent questions: Will I go to prison? What is the difference between sexual assault and aggravated sexual assault? Am I required to register as a sex offender? Can a false accusation actually lead to a conviction? These are the right questions to be asking. Aggravated sexual assault is one of the most serious charges in the Texas Penal Code. The consequences extend far beyond a prison sentence — they include mandatory sex offender registration, loss of employment, destruction of personal relationships, and a lifetime record that cannot be expunged. Understanding exactly what the law requires the State to prove is the foundation of any real defense. You can also learn more about the broader aggravated sexual assault charge under Texas law, or explore related offenses such as sexual assault and aggravated sexual assault of a child. What Is Aggravated Sexual Assault Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, aggravated sexual assault occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly commits sexual assault and one or more aggravating circumstances are present. The aggravating factors are what elevate a sexual assault charge to the more serious aggravated level. What the Prosecution Must Prove To convict someone of aggravated sexual assault, the State must... > Charged with child pornography in Fort Bend County? Get an experienced defense attorney on your side. Call Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2026-04-14 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/child-pornography/ Facing child pornography charges in Fort Bend County is one of the most serious situations a person can encounter. These charges carry severe prison sentences, lifetime sex offender registration, and consequences that follow you long after any sentence is complete. You need an experienced criminal defense attorney working for you immediately. Why the Right Defense Team Matters in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of the most respected criminal defense firms in Texas, with a team of five Board Certified criminal defense attorneys across offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across all practice areas. When it comes to sex crimes and child pornography allegations specifically, having a lawyer with insider knowledge of Fort Bend County courts is not a luxury — it is a necessity. Senior Counsel Mike Hanson leads the firm's Houston office and serves clients throughout Fort Bend County. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County, giving him direct knowledge of how prosecutors in this jurisdiction build and evaluate these cases. He is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. That kind of experience on both sides of the courtroom is exactly what you want defending you against charges this serious. A mentioned, the firm also includes board-certified criminal law specialists with decades of combined experience in Texas sex crime defense. When the stakes are this high, you want a deep bench behind you. You've Seen Us On What People Are Asking When Facing These Charges People facing child pornography charges in Fort Bend County typically have urgent questions. Can the charges be dismissed? What happens if images were found on a shared device? What if someone else downloaded the files? What is the difference between state and federal charges? Will I have to register as a sex offender? These are the right questions to ask, and they all deserve honest answers from a lawyer who knows Fort Bend County. If you are under investigation but have not yet been charged, the time to act is now. Early intervention by an experienced attorney can make a significant difference in how a case unfolds — including whether charges are even filed. Texas Law: What the State Must Prove Child pornography offenses in Texas are governed primarily by Texas Penal Code § 43. 26, which was substantially restructured effective September 1, 2025. The statute also addresses possession with intent to promote and related conduct. Under § 43. 26, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that: The defendant knowingly or intentionally possessed or accessed visual material that depicts a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image was made; The child depicted was engaged in sexual conduct; and The defendant knew the content constituted child pornography as defined under the statute. The burden of proof rests entirely... > Accused of a sex crime in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight aggressively to protect your rights, reputation, and future. - Published: 2026-04-13 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sex-crimes-lawyer/ A sex crime charge in Fort Bend County can upend your life before a single day in court. The right defense attorney — retained early — can mean the difference between a dismissed case and a conviction that follows you forever. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Sex Crime Charges Varghese Summersett is a Texas criminal defense firm with more than 100 years of combined legal experience across four offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston and Southlake. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions statewide. For Fort Bend County cases specifically, the firm's Houston team is led by Mike Hanson, a Board Certified Juvenile Law specialist and former Assistant District Attorney — including in Fort Bend County. His prosecutorial background means he knows how Fort Bend County prosecutors build sex crime cases, and how to dismantle them. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury across criminal defense, military law, and prosecution. The firm has been recognized repeatedly by Super Lawyers and Best Lawyers in America. You've Seen Us On What Do Sex Crime Charges in Fort Bend County Cover? The term "sex crimes" covers a wide range of offenses under Texas law. Some of the most common charges handled in Fort Bend County courts include: Sexual assault under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011 Aggravated sexual assault under TPC § 22. 021 Sexual assault of a child Indecency with a child by contact or exposure under TPC § 21. 11 Continuous sexual abuse of a child under TPC § 21. 02 Online solicitation of a minor under TPC § 33. 021 Possession or promotion of child pornography Aggravated promotion of prostitution Each offense carries its own elements, penalty range, and registration requirements. This page covers the most frequently charged offenses in Fort Bend County and explains what the prosecution must prove, what defenses exist, and what you can expect from the process. The Law: What Must Be Proven and By What Standard Every criminal charge in Texas requires the State to prove each element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in law. The burden is entirely on the prosecution. You have no obligation to prove your innocence. Sexual Assault — TPC § 22. 011 Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011, sexual assault is a second-degree felony. The prosecution must prove that the defendant intentionally or knowingly caused the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person without consent, or caused the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of the defendant without consent. When the alleged victim is a child under 17, consent is not a defense — contact alone satisfies the element. Aggravated Sexual Assault — TPC § 22. 021 Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, the offense is elevated to aggravated sexual assault — a first-degree felony — when certain aggravating factors are present. These include: the victim is younger than 14;... > Electrocuted in Texas? Learn who can be held liable: employers, utility companies, property owners, and more. Free consultation with our electrocution injury lawyer. - Published: 2026-04-11 - Modified: 2026-04-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-personal-injury-lawyer/electrocution-injury-lawyer/ Who Can Be Held Liable for an Electrocution Injury or Death in Texas? If you or a loved one was electrocuted in Texas, you may have a legal claim against an employer, a utility company, a property owner, a general contractor, or an equipment manufacturer — and in some cases, all of them. Texas law allows injury victims and grieving families to pursue compensation from every party whose negligence contributed to the harm. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Team Electrocution cases are among the most legally complex personal injury claims in Texas. They often involve multiple defendants, overlapping insurance policies, federal OSHA investigations, and catastrophic injuries that permanently alter lives. You need a team that has handled high-stakes, multi-party litigation before — and that's exactly what Varghese Summersett brings. Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, began his career as a prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices. That background, combined with his skill at negotiation and trial, translates directly to the kind of relentless advocacy electrocution victims need. Partner Damian Williams, based in Dallas, is known for handling catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases involving industrial accidents, oilfield explosions, and construction sites. He has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements and is recognized by Lawdragon among The 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers in the country (2024 and 2025). With four offices across Texas, a team of 70+ legal professionals, and a track record that includes more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions on the criminal side of the house, Varghese Summersett has the depth and resources to build the case your family deserves. You've Seen Us On What Are the Most Common Causes of Electrocution in Texas? Electricity kills and maims in predictable ways — and those patterns almost always trace back to someone's failure to act responsibly. The most common scenarios our team sees involve workers on construction sites or utility jobs encountering energized lines that should have been de-energized before work began. We also see homeowners and tenants injured by faulty wiring, defective appliances, or improperly maintained electrical systems on properties where the landlord or manager knew — or should have known — there was a problem. Children are especially vulnerable. A child who contacts exposed wiring in an apartment complex, or who is injured by a pool's faulty electrical system, has the same right to legal protection as any adult worker. Swimming pool electrocutions and "electric shock drowning" cases, where stray current in the water causes swimmers to lose muscle control and drown, represent one of the most heartbreaking categories of electrocution claims we handle. Other common causes include downed power lines after storms, contact with high-voltage overhead lines during tree trimming or roofing work, defective extension cords and power tools, and inadequate lockout/tagout procedures at industrial facilities. In each situation, someone had the power to prevent the injury and chose not to — or simply failed to. What Texas Law Says About Electrocution Claims Most electrocution injury and... > Seal your criminal record in Fort Bend County. Experienced nondisclosure attorneys explain eligibility, process, and next steps. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-10 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-nondisclosure-lawyer/ A nondisclosure order in Texas seals your criminal record from most public background checks, giving you a real second chance at housing, employment, and your reputation. If you completed deferred adjudication or qualified for a first-time DWI nondisclosure in Fort Bend County, you may be eligible to petition the court right now. Experienced Nondisclosure Attorneys Serving Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas law firm with offices in Houston, Dallas, and Fort Worth, serving clients throughout Fort Bend County and the surrounding area. With a team of former prosecutors and Board-Certified attorneys, the firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. The attorneys bring more than 100 combined years of criminal law experience to every case. Leading the firm's Fort Bend and Houston practice is Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, a Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialist who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. His insider knowledge of how Fort Bend prosecutors think and what courts weigh gives clients a concrete advantage when pursuing record-sealing relief. Mike is also a Judge Advocate in the United States Army Reserve, and he is especially skilled at representing veterans navigating the criminal justice system. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know About Nondisclosure in Fort Bend County People searching for help with nondisclosure orders in Fort Bend County usually have a few things in common: they completed their case, they have stayed out of trouble, and they don't want an old arrest showing up every time someone runs a background check. Here are the questions we hear most often. What Is the Difference Between an Expunction and a Nondisclosure? An expunction destroys the record entirely — it is as if the arrest never happened. A nondisclosure seals the record from most public searches but does not destroy it. Government agencies, licensing boards, and certain employers can still see a sealed record. If you were arrested and the case was dismissed without deferred adjudication, you may qualify for an expunction instead. An attorney can help you figure out which remedy fits your situation. Will a Nondisclosure Show Up on a Background Check? After a nondisclosure order is signed, most private employers, landlords, and background check companies will no longer see the record. Texas law also allows you to deny that the arrest or case ever happened in most contexts. However, law enforcement agencies, the Texas Department of Public Safety, licensing boards for certain professions (nursing, teaching, law, medicine), and firearm dealers will still have access to the sealed record. Can I Get a Nondisclosure After Straight Probation? Generally, no. Texas law limits nondisclosure to cases resolved through deferred adjudication — where no final conviction was entered. A regular conviction followed by probation typically does not qualify, with one major exception: a first-time DWI conviction under Texas Government Code § 411. 0726, which allows for nondisclosure under specific conditions. How Long Does the Process Take in Fort Bend County? Once... > Accused of a probation violation in Fort Bend County? Our experienced criminal defense lawyers fight to protect your freedom. Call for free consulation. - Published: 2026-04-10 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-probation-violation-lawyer/ A probation violation in Fort Bend County puts everything you have already earned at risk. The judge who placed you on probation now has the power to revoke it and send you to jail or prison — sometimes for the full sentence that was previously suspended. You need an experienced attorney fighting in your corner before your next court date. Why Fort Bend County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett has a dedicated office serving the Houston and Fort Bend County area, led by Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is one of a small number of attorneys in Texas who is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Before entering private practice, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — giving him direct insider knowledge of how prosecutors in this jurisdiction approach motions to revoke probation. Mike has over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney, and has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. He also serves as a Judge Advocate in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps and has been recognized as a Rising Star by Super Lawyers. The firm as a whole brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience across four Texas offices, and a track record that includes 1,600+ dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. These are firm-wide achievements earned case by case — and that same commitment applies to every probation revocation hearing we take on in Fort Bend County. You've Seen Us On What Is a Probation Violation in Texas? In Texas, probation is formally called community supervision. When you are placed on probation, you agree to follow a specific set of conditions — things like reporting to your officer, paying fines and fees, completing community service, attending classes, abstaining from drugs and alcohol, and staying out of trouble. If you fail to meet any of those conditions, the State can file a motion asking the court to revoke your probation and impose the original sentence. There are two types of community supervision in Texas, and the violation process works differently for each: Straight probation (regular community supervision): You were convicted of the offense and sentenced to probation. If the court revokes your probation, it can impose any sentence within the original range of punishment. Deferred adjudication: The judge accepted your plea but deferred a finding of guilt. If the court adjudicates your guilt after a violation, it can impose the full range of punishment — sometimes including a sentence higher than what you would have received originally. You can learn more about the differences at our page on Deferred Adjudication in Texas. Common reasons for a violation in Fort Bend County include: A new arrest or criminal charge Failing a drug or alcohol test Missing appointments with your probation officer Failing to pay fines, fees, or restitution Not completing required community service hours Not finishing court-ordered treatment or... > Charged with unlawful carry of a weapon in Fort Bend County? Learn Texas gun laws, penalties, defenses, and how our attorneys can help. - Published: 2026-04-10 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/unlawful-carry/ An unlawful carry of a weapon (UCW) charge in Fort Bend County is a criminal offense that can result in jail time, a permanent record, and the loss of your right to own a firearm. Most people charged under Texas Penal Code § 46. 02 are not career criminals — they are everyday Texans who made a mistake or misunderstood the law. A skilled defense attorney can challenge the charge and may be able to get it reduced or dismissed. Varghese Summersett: Defending Gun Charges in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett has a full-service criminal defense office serving Fort Bend County and the greater Houston area. Our team includes Board Certified attorneys with real prosecutorial experience — including time as prosecutors in Fort Bend County itself. That background means we know how these cases are built and how to take them apart. The firm has earned more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. Our attorneys have been featured in major media outlets and have earned recognition from Super Lawyers, the National Trial Lawyers, and the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Mike Hanson, our Senior Counsel overseeing the Houston and Fort Bend office, is a former Fort Bend County prosecutor, Army JAG officer, and a Board Certified Juvenile Law specialist. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings a rare combination of courtroom experience and prosecutorial insight to every weapons case he handles. If you or someone you care about is facing a UCW charge in Fort Bend County, call us at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. We are available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Unlawful Carry of a Weapon in Texas? Texas is an open-carry and permitless-carry state, but there are still many situations where carrying a weapon is illegal. The confusion around Texas gun laws is one of the leading reasons people end up arrested for UCW — they believed they had the right to carry, but one factor made it unlawful. The most common scenarios that lead to a UCW arrest in Fort Bend County include: Being under 21 years old and carrying a handgun Having a prior felony conviction Having a qualifying misdemeanor conviction (such as a family violence offense) Carrying while intoxicated Carrying in a prohibited location (a school, courthouse, polling place, or racetrack) Carrying a prohibited weapon such as a switchblade, explosive, or illegal knife If you are 21 or older and have no disqualifying criminal history, Texas law generally allows you to carry a handgun without a license. But if any one of the above factors applies to you, a traffic stop or an encounter with law enforcement can turn into a felony arrest fast. The Law: Texas Penal Code § 46. 02 Under Texas Penal Code § 46. 02, a person commits an offense when they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carry a handgun, illegal knife, or club on or about their person — and that... > Facing capital murder charges in Fort Bend County? The stakes couldn’t be higher. Put a proven, trial-tested defense team on your side. Call now. - Published: 2026-04-08 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/capital-murder/ Capital murder is the most serious criminal charge in Texas. A conviction carries either life in prison without the possibility of parole or the death penalty. If you or someone you love is facing a capital murder charge in Fort Bend County, the time to act is now. Why Your Choice of Attorney Matters in a Capital Murder Case Capital murder cases are not like other criminal cases. The evidence is typically more complex, the prosecution is more aggressive, and the consequences are irreversible. You need a defense team with the depth, resources, and courtroom experience to fight at the highest level. Varghese Summersett is one of the most respected criminal defense firms in Texas, with a team of more than 70 legal professionals and four offices across the state. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. In capital and serious felony cases, experience is everything. The firm's combined legal team brings more than 100 years of experience to every client, including former prosecutors who understand exactly how the state builds capital cases and where those cases can be challenged. You've Seen Us On What Is Capital Murder in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 03, capital murder is murder — as defined by Texas Penal Code § 19. 02(b)(1) — committed under certain aggravating circumstances. The law elevates a murder charge to capital murder based on who was killed, why they were killed, or what was happening at the time of the killing. The prosecution must prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, each of the following elements: The defendant intentionally caused the death of an individual (the underlying murder under § 19. 02(b)(1)) One of the specific capital circumstances listed in § 19. 03 was present at the time of the killing The Capital Circumstances Under § 19. 03 A murder becomes capital murder when the person accused: Murders a peace officer or firefighter acting in the lawful discharge of official duties, knowing that person is an officer or firefighter Intentionally commits the murder during the course of committing or attempting to commit kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat (under § 22. 07(a)(1), (3), (4), (5), or (6)) Commits the murder for hire — either as the hired killer or as the person who employed the killer Commits the murder while escaping or attempting to escape from a penal institution Murders an employee of a penal institution while incarcerated there Murders more than one person during the same criminal transaction, or pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct Murders a child under 10 years of age Murders a child who is older than 10 but younger than 15 years of age Murders a judge or justice of a state or federal court in retaliation for their service Murders a member or employee of the Texas Legislature in retaliation for their service Who Bears the Burden of Proof? In a capital murder case, the burden falls... > Facing manslaughter charges in Fort Bend County? The consequences are serious and long-lasting. You need a proven, trial-tested defense team to protect your future. - Published: 2026-04-08 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/manslaughter/ What Is Manslaughter in Texas, and What Happens If You're Charged in Fort Bend County? Manslaughter in Texas is a second-degree felony that carries two to 20 years in prison. Unlike murder, it does not require intent to kill — only that a person acted recklessly and caused someone else's death. If you or a family member has been charged in Fort Bend County, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney in your corner immediately. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Manslaughter Defense Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined experience among its attorneys and a team seasoned attorneys across four offices. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions — results earned in some of the most serious cases Texas courts handle. Our Houston-area office is led by Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead, who spent years as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. That means he has stood on the other side of the aisle in the very courthouse where your case may be heard — the Fort Bend County Justice Center in Richmond. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings a military lawyer's discipline to every file he handles. The firm also includes five Board Certified criminal attorneys — a distinction awarded by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization that requires passing a rigorous exam and demonstrating substantial experience. Board certification in criminal law is held by fewer than three percent of Texas attorneys. Varghese Summersett attorneys have been featured in national media, recognized in Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and numerous regional publications. When the stakes are this high, credentials matter. You've Seen Us On Common Questions When Facing Manslaughter Charges Families facing these charges often ask the same questions: Is this the same as murder? Can a manslaughter charge be reduced or dismissed? What happens to my loved one's bond? What does the criminal process look like from here? This page answers all of those questions. Manslaughter and murder are different crimes with different elements. Understanding the difference between murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide can be the foundation of a strong defense strategy. The two charges are tried differently, and the outcomes can be very different with the right legal team. Manslaughter cases frequently arise from car crashes, firearms accidents, bar fights that turn fatal, or other situations where someone acted recklessly but without an intent to kill. Prosecutors in Fort Bend County take these cases seriously. So do we. Texas Manslaughter Law: What the State Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 04, a person commits manslaughter if they recklessly cause the death of another individual. That is the entire statute — but the word "recklessly" carries enormous legal weight. Under Texas Penal Code § 6. 03(c), a person acts recklessly when they are aware of and consciously disregard a substantial and unjustifiable risk... > Facing murder charges in Fort Bend County? The stakes are life-changing. You need a proven, trial-tested defense team focused on protecting your future now. - Published: 2026-04-08 - Modified: 2026-04-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/murder/ Murder is a first-degree felony in Texas that carries 5 to 99 years — or life — in prison. If you or someone you love is facing murder charges in Fort Bend County, the decisions made in the first hours and days can shape everything that follows. You need an experienced defense team on your side immediately. Why Fort Bend Residents Turn to Varghese Summersett Murder cases are among the most complex and high-stakes matters in the Texas legal system. They demand attorneys who have repeatedly been inside a courtroom. Varghese Summersett brings that level of experience to every case. Our criminal defense team is built differently—comprised of former prosecutors and seasoned trial lawyers who understand how the state builds its case and how to dismantle it. With more than 100 years of combined experience and a track record that includes over 1,500 cases dismissed, we are known across Texas for handling serious, high-level felony cases. In Fort Bend County, criminal cases are led by Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, a highly respected attorney with extensive courtroom experience. As a former prosecutor, Mike brings valuable insight into how these cases are charged, investigated, and tried. He is known for his strategic approach, attention to detail, and ability to navigate the most challenging allegations with precision. When everything is on the line, Fort Bend residents turn to Varghese Summersett for the experience, skill, and courtroom credibility that serious cases demand. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know About Murder Charges in Fort Bend County People facing murder charges in Fort Bend County often have questions beyond just "what happens next. " They want to understand how the law works, what the prosecution has to prove, and what defenses actually exist. Below, we walk through all of it. Fort Bend County cases are prosecuted through the Fort Bend County District Attorney's Office and heard at the Fort Bend County Justice Center, located at 1422 Eugene Heimann Circle in Richmond. The complexity and severity of murder charges mean that having an attorney who understands this county's courts — and the prosecutors who work there — is not optional. How Texas Law Defines Murder Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 02, a person commits murder if they: Intentionally or knowingly cause the death of another person; Intend to cause serious bodily injury and commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes death; or Commit or attempt to commit a felony (other than manslaughter) and in the course of committing that felony, commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes another's death. The third category is commonly called felony murder. It allows murder charges even when the defendant did not intend to kill anyone, as long as the death occurred during the commission of a dangerous felony. What the Prosecution Must Prove The burden of proof rests entirely on the State — the defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. To convict someone of murder, prosecutors must prove every element... > Charged with embezzlement in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends employees, executives & business owners. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-07 - Modified: 2026-04-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/embezzlement/ Embezzlement in Texas is charged as theft under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03. The key difference from ordinary theft is that you had lawful access to the money or property — through your job, a fiduciary role, or a position of trust — and the prosecution claims you misappropriated it. A conviction can cost you your career, your freedom, and your reputation. If you are under investigation or have been charged, the time to act is now. Why Varghese Summersett for Embezzlement Defense in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with four offices, five Board Certified criminal attorneys, and over 100 years of combined legal experience. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. Embezzlement cases are built on financial records, internal audits, and complex paper trails. They are investigated quietly, often for months, before an arrest is made. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have handled serious financial crime cases at both the state and federal level and understand how these investigations unfold — and how to challenge them. The firm's Houston-area office serves clients throughout Fort Bend County, including Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, Katy, and Pearland. If you have been contacted by investigators, received a target letter, or have already been charged, reach out for a free consultation at (281) 805-2220. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Embezzlement Charges in Fort Bend County Is embezzlement a felony in Texas? It depends on the amount alleged. Embezzlement charges in Texas are tiered by dollar value, just like other theft offenses. Small amounts can be misdemeanors, but most embezzlement cases — especially those involving employee theft from a business — involve amounts that trigger felony charges. Can I be charged even if I intended to pay the money back? Yes. Texas law does not require that you permanently deprive the owner of the property — only that you appropriated it without effective consent. The intent to return funds later is generally not a complete defense, though it can be relevant to mitigation. What if my employer has not contacted law enforcement yet? Many embezzlement investigations begin with an internal audit or civil demand before any police report is filed. If your employer is investigating you or has made any demand for repayment, treat the situation as if criminal charges are coming. Retaining a defense attorney at this stage can change the entire trajectory of the case. Can embezzlement also become a federal charge? Yes. If the alleged conduct involved a federally insured financial institution, federal programs, or crossed state lines, you could face federal charges in addition to or instead of state charges. The firm's federal embezzlement defense team handles both state and federal matters. What Is Embezzlement Under Texas Law? Texas does not have a separate embezzlement statute. Prosecutors charge embezzlement under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03, which defines theft as unlawfully appropriating property with intent to deprive the owner of... > Charged in Fort Bend County? An expunction can wipe your record clean. Varghese Summersett fights for your fresh start. Call for free consutation. - Published: 2026-04-07 - Modified: 2026-04-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-expunction-lawyer/ An expunction in Texas erases an arrest or charge from your criminal record — meaning agencies, employers, and the public can no longer access it. If you were arrested, charged, or prosecuted in Fort Bend County and your case ended without a conviction, you may have the right to clear your record entirely. Why Your Record Matters — And Who Can Help A criminal record — even one tied to an arrest that never led to a conviction — can cost you a job, a professional license, an apartment, or a college admission. In Fort Bend County, one of the fastest-growing counties in Texas, the stakes are high. You deserve to move forward without a single mistake defining you. Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with a dedicated presence in Fort Bend County and Houston. The firm's lead attorney for the area, Mike Hanson, is a Board Certified Juvenile Law specialist who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury, and his prosecutorial background gives him a detailed understanding of exactly how record-clearing petitions are reviewed and granted. The firm as a whole has more than 100 years of combined legal experience and a track record that includes over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. When you hire Varghese Summersett to handle your expunction in Fort Bend County, you get an attorney who knows the local courts, has worked inside the same system, and understands what it takes to get your record cleared. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Expunctions in Fort Bend County Does a dismissed case automatically disappear from my record? No. A dismissal removes the charge from your case — but not from your public record. Arrest records, booking information, and court documents remain visible until you file for and receive an expunction. Many people assume their record is clean after a dismissal. It is not. What is the difference between an expunction and a nondisclosure? An expunction destroys the records entirely. A nondisclosure seals your records from the public but allows certain government agencies to still access them. Expunctions are the stronger remedy, but only specific situations qualify. If you completed deferred adjudication probation, a nondisclosure may be your best option. An attorney can tell you which path fits your situation. Can I get an expunction for a felony in Fort Bend County? Yes — in some circumstances. If a felony case was dismissed, no-billed by a grand jury, or resulted in an acquittal at trial, expunction may be available. Convictions for felonies are generally not eligible for expunction in Texas. Will my DWI arrest qualify for expunction? A DWI arrest may qualify if charges were never filed, the case was dismissed, or you were acquitted. If you completed deferred adjudication for a DWI, Texas law has historically been more restrictive, though recent changes have expanded eligibility in some situations. This area of law is... > Facing homicide charges in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's battle-tested lawyers fight murder cases. Call 281-805-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-07 - Modified: 2026-04-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-homicide-lawyer/ If you or someone you love has been charged with homicide in Fort Bend County, you need an experienced criminal defense lawyer immediately. These are among the most serious charges in Texas, and the decisions made in the first hours after an arrest can affect the rest of your life. Varghese Summersett represents people accused of murder, capital murder, manslaughter, and all related homicide offenses throughout Fort Bend County. Why Varghese Summersett for a Fort Bend Homicide Case Homicide charges demand a law firm with real trial experience — attorneys who have stood in front of juries and fought hard cases to favorable outcomes. Varghese Summersett has exactly that. Our criminal defense team includes five Board Certified attorneys, a credential awarded by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization that requires demonstrated expertise, extensive experience, and rigorous examination. Among them are criminal law specialists who have tried cases ranging from misdemeanors all the way up to capital murder before Texas juries. As a firm, Varghese Summersett has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions. Our team serves clients from four Texas offices, including our Houston location serving Fort Bend County. We have been featured in major media outlets and have earned recognition from Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and other leading legal rating organizations. When a homicide charge is on the table, experience is not optional. You've Seen Us On What Is a Homicide Charge in Texas? In Texas, "homicide" is not a single charge — it is a category of offenses that includes several different crimes, each with its own elements, penalties, and defenses. Understanding the exact charge is the first step in building a defense. Capital Murder — Texas Penal Code § 19. 03 Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 03, capital murder is murder committed under specific aggravating circumstances, including the murder of a peace officer or firefighter, murder for hire, murder of a child under ten years old, murder of multiple persons, or murder committed during certain felonies. Capital murder is punishable by life in prison without parole or the death penalty. Murder — Texas Penal Code § 19. 02 Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 02, a person commits murder if they intentionally or knowingly cause the death of another person, intend to cause serious bodily injury and commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes death, or cause a person's death while committing or attempting to commit a felony (also known as felony murder). Murder is a first-degree felony in Texas. Manslaughter — Texas Penal Code § 19. 04 Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 04, a person commits manslaughter if they recklessly cause the death of another person. Unlike murder, manslaughter does not require intent to kill. Manslaughter is a second-degree felony. Criminally Negligent Homicide — Texas Penal Code § 19. 05 This offense involves causing a person's death through criminal negligence — failing to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk in a way that represents a gross... > Accused of domestic violence in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends assault family violence cases. Call now for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-01 - Modified: 2026-06-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-domestic-violence-lawyer/ If you've been charged with domestic violence in Fort Bend County, you need an attorney in your corner immediately. A domestic violence charge — even a first-time misdemeanor — can result in jail time, a protective order, loss of your firearm rights, and consequences that follow you for years. The state takes these cases seriously, and so should you. Why Fort Bend Families Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience handling every type of criminal case in Texas. The firm has achieved over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients across the state. The firm especially well-suited to defend domestic violence cases in Fort Bend County. Mike Hanson, the firm's Houston area lead and senior counsel, previously served as an Assistant District Attorney right here in Fort Bend County. He knows how local prosecutors build these cases — and where the weaknesses are. Mike has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. The firm also has five Board Certified attorneys overall — a distinction held by fewer than 1% of Texas lawyers. The firm's attorneys have appeared on CNN, Fox News, and in major Texas publications. Their track record in violent offense and family violence cases is documented and real. You've Seen Us On What People in Fort Bend County Are Asking After an Arrest A domestic violence arrest raises immediate, urgent questions. Can the alleged victim drop the charges? Will you lose your gun rights? What happens if there's a protective order? Can this be kept off your record? These are the right questions to ask — and they have real answers. Texas domestic violence law is strict, and the state can prosecute even when the person who called 911 doesn't want to press charges. Understanding what you're facing is the first step toward building a defense. You may also be concerned about how this charge will affect a custody case, your job, or your immigration status. Those concerns are legitimate. A conviction or even a deferred adjudication can carry lifelong consequences, including a federal ban on firearm possession under the Lautenberg Amendment. This is not a charge to navigate without experienced legal counsel. How Texas Defines Domestic Violence Texas law does not use the phrase "domestic violence" as a criminal charge. Instead, prosecutors file charges under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01 — the assault statute — and add a "family violence" designation when the alleged victim is a family member, household member, or someone with whom the accused has or had a dating relationship. The definition of "family violence" comes from the Texas Family Code § 71. 004, which defines it as an act by a member of a family or household against another member that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault. It also includes threats... - Published: 2026-04-01 - Modified: 2026-04-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/ If you've been charged with fraud in Fort Bend County, you are facing serious felony charges that can result in prison time, heavy fines, and a permanent criminal record. The right defense attorney can make the difference between a conviction and a dismissed case — and time matters from the moment you learn you are under investigation. Experienced Fraud Defense in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined experience from the best and brightest attorneys in the state. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas. Our attorneys practice throughout Fort Bend County. Leading the firm's Houston-area operations is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead for the Houston and Fort Bend County office. Mike is a former Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — meaning he knows exactly how prosecutors in this area build fraud cases, and how to challenge them. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and continues to serve as a Judge Advocate in the U. S. Army Reserve. He has been recognized as a Rising Star by Super Lawyers and received the Merit Award from the Texas Young Lawyers Association. The firm has been featured in major media outlets and is recognized by attorneys and clients alike as one of the top criminal defense practices in the state. If you're under investigation or already charged, speak with our team before saying anything to investigators. You've Seen Us On What Counts as Fraud in Texas? Fraud is a broad category of criminal offenses. In Fort Bend County, prosecutors regularly pursue charges involving identity theft, credit card abuse, forgery, insurance fraud, money laundering, and financial fraud against the elderly. Each offense has its own statute, elements, and punishment range — but all share a common thread: an intent to deceive someone for financial gain. Common fraud charges in Fort Bend County include: Identity theft (using another person's identifying information) Credit card and debit card abuse Forgery of financial instruments and government documents Insurance fraud Money laundering Financial abuse of the elderly Securities fraud If federal agencies like the FBI or IRS are involved, charges may be filed at the federal level as well. Our firm handles both state and federal fraud charges. The Law: What the State Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 51, a person commits identity fraud (Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information) if they obtain, possess, transfer, or use another person's identifying information without consent, with intent to harm or defraud that person. The prosecution must prove each of these elements beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest burden in the law. Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 31, credit card or debit card abuse is committed when a person uses a card knowing it is stolen, fictitious, expired, or belongs to another without their consent. The State bears the... > Charged with identity theft in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends clients facing felony fraud charges. Call now for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-04-01 - Modified: 2026-04-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-fraud-lawyer/identity-theft/ Identity theft in Texas is a felony charge that can land you in state prison, depending on how many items were stolen. Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 51, a conviction can follow you for the rest of your life — but charges can be fought. The right defense attorney examines every element the prosecution must prove before a jury. Fort Bend County Identity Theft Defense An identity theft charge does not just threaten your freedom — it threatens your reputation, your career, and your future. These are serious felony cases that prosecutors pursue aggressively, and a conviction carries consequences that last long after any sentence is served. Varghese Summersett is a Texas criminal defense firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm's criminal defense team brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience and has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. The firm's attorneys include Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists — a credential held by fewer than one percent of Texas lawyers — who have tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, from misdemeanors to capital murder. The team handles cases in Fort Bend County courts every week. If you or someone you love is facing identity theft charges in Fort Bend County, call (281) 805-2220 any time, day or night. A defense attorney is available 24/7. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know About Identity Theft Charges Identity theft cases raise a lot of questions fast. Here are the ones clients ask most often. Is Identity Theft Always a Felony in Texas? Yes. Even the lowest level of identity theft under Texas law — possessing or using fewer than five pieces of identifying information — is a state jail felony. Charges escalate quickly based on the number of items involved, and some cases rise to first-degree felony territory, carrying potential life sentences. What If I Didn't Know the Information Was Stolen? Lack of knowledge can be a powerful defense. The prosecution must prove you knew the information belonged to another real person without that person's consent. If you received data from someone else and did not know it was stolen, that is a fact your defense attorney can develop and present. Can I Be Charged in Both State and Federal Court? Yes. Identity theft can trigger both Texas state charges and federal charges if the conduct involved wire fraud, bank fraud, or crossed state lines. Federal identity theft carries mandatory minimums. If you are facing a federal investigation alongside state charges, you need a firm with federal defense experience. Varghese Summersett handles both. Learn more about federal fraud charges in Texas. Will I Lose My Job If I'm Convicted? Possibly. A felony conviction for identity theft can disqualify you from jobs in finance, healthcare, education, government, and many licensed professions. Background checks flag fraud-related felonies immediately. Fighting the charge — and keeping your record clean — is far better than any plea that leaves a... > Need a Fort Bend criminal lawyer? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your rights and deliver results in even the toughest cases. Call today for free consult. - Published: 2026-03-30 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-criminal-lawyer/ If you've been arrested or charged with a crime in Fort Bend County, you need an experienced criminal defense lawyer in your corner immediately. The decisions you make in the hours and days after an arrest can shape the outcome of your entire case. Varghese Summersett's criminal defense team is available to protect your rights and fight for your future. Why Fort Bend County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of the most recognized criminal defense firms in Texas. With more than 100 years of combined experience, the firm has earned a reputation for aggressive, results-driven defense across the state. The firm has achieved over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions — a track record built case by case, client by client. Leading the firm's Houston-area operations is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead overseeing the Houston and Fort Bend County practice. Mike is one of the few attorneys in Texas who is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. He has more than a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney, having tried more than 60 cases before a jury. Notably, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — meaning he knows exactly how Fort Bend prosecutors think and how local cases are handled. The firm has five board-certified attorneys in total and has been recognized among the fastest-growing law firms in the country by Inc. 5000 on three separate occasions. Varghese Summersett attorneys are regularly sought out by media outlets for legal commentary and have appeared in publications and broadcasts across Texas. Whether you're facing a misdemeanor or a serious felony, this firm brings deep local knowledge and serious courtroom firepower to your defense. You've Seen Us On Common Criminal Charges in Fort Bend County Fort Bend County has grown rapidly in recent years, and with that growth has come an increase in criminal filings across the board. The Fort Bend County District Attorney's Office prosecutes thousands of cases each year, ranging from misdemeanors heard in the county courts to serious felonies tried in the district courts. Among the most common charges handled by our Fort Bend criminal defense lawyers are: Assault and family violence DWI and intoxication offenses Drug possession and delivery Theft and property crimes Weapons charges Sexual assault and sex crimes Juvenile offenses Evading arrest and obstruction of justice Every charge is serious. Even a misdemeanor conviction can follow you for life — affecting employment, housing, professional licenses, and more. A felony conviction carries even greater consequences, including the loss of your right to vote, to possess a firearm, and to hold certain jobs. The sooner you retain a skilled Fort Bend criminal defense attorney, the better positioned you will be to fight the charges. What the Prosecution Must Prove Under the Texas Penal Code, no person may be convicted of a crime unless the State proves every element of the offense... > Charged with Fort Bend intoxication manslaughter? Our experienced criminal defense attorneys fight to protect your rights, freedom, and future. Call now. - Published: 2026-03-30 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-manslaughter/ Fort Bend intoxication manslaughter is a serious second-degree felony in Texas, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. A conviction can permanently alter your life, affecting your freedom, reputation, and future opportunities. If you are facing Fort Bend intoxication manslaughter charges, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney who understands what is at stake and is prepared to act immediately. Varghese Summersett: Experienced Intoxication Manslaughter Defense in Fort Bend County Intoxication manslaughter is one of the most serious DWI-related charges in Texas. The stakes are enormous, and the prosecution will pursue these cases aggressively. You need a team with the skill, experience, and resources to fight back. Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas law firm with more than 100 years of combined legal experience, a team seasoned legal professionals, and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across thousands of cases. Leading the firm's Houston office is Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, a Board Certified Juvenile Law specialist and decorated military attorney who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. Mike has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings insider knowledge of the Fort Bend County criminal justice system to every case he handles. He is a Rising Star honoree from Super Lawyers and a Merit Award recipient from the Texas Young Lawyers Association. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett appear regularly in local and national media, and the firm is consistently recognized among the best criminal defense practices in Texas. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know If You've Been Charged A charge of intoxication manslaughter means someone died, and the State believes you caused that death while driving drunk or under the influence of drugs. The consequences touch every part of your life: your freedom, your career, your family, your finances, and your future. People facing this charge often have questions that go beyond the basic legal definition. They want to know what will happen at the Fort Bend County courthouse. They want to understand how bond works, what defenses are possible, and whether there is any realistic path to a better outcome. This page answers those questions. You may also be wondering how this charge is different from murder, or whether intoxication manslaughter can be reduced. For a broader look at how Texas treats these offenses, see our overview of Murder vs. Manslaughter vs. Criminally Negligent Homicide. What Is Intoxication Manslaughter Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, a person commits intoxication manslaughter if they: Operate a motor vehicle in a public place, an aircraft, a watercraft, or an amusement ride, While intoxicated, and By reason of that intoxication, cause the death of another person by accident or mistake. "Intoxicated" means either: (1) not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug,... > Charged with a second offense DWI in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your license, your freedom, and your future. Call today. - Published: 2026-03-30 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/second-offense/ What Happens If You Get a Second DWI in Fort Bend County? A second DWI in Fort Bend County is a Class A misdemeanor — the most serious misdemeanor level in Texas. A conviction carries up to one year in county jail and a fine of up to $4,000. The stakes are significantly higher than a first offense, and the consequences reach far beyond the courtroom. Why Your Attorney Matters More the Second Time Around Varghese Summersett's criminal defense team has more than 100 years of combined legal experience, including former prosecutors who know how DWI cases are built — and how to take them apart. The firm has recorded more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. Across four Texas offices and a team of seasoned attorneys, the firm has handled thousands of DWI cases from first offense through felony-level charges. Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead for the firm's Houston office, served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County before joining Varghese Summersett. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings firsthand knowledge of how Fort Bend County prosecutors approach repeat DWI cases. His background as a former ADA in this county means he knows the local courts, the local process, and the local stakes. When you face a second DWI charge, the attorney you hire can determine whether you spend months in jail or walk away with a fighting chance. Varghese Summersett has appeared in media outlets across Texas and earned recognition from leading legal organizations for excellence in criminal defense. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About a Second DWI in Fort Bend County Can a second DWI be dismissed in Fort Bend County? Yes. A second DWI can be dismissed if the evidence is weak, the traffic stop was unlawful, testing procedures were flawed, or the prior conviction can be challenged. Nothing about a second charge makes dismissal impossible — it makes the right attorney even more important. Is a second DWI a felony in Texas? No. A second DWI is a Class A misdemeanor under Texas law. However, a third DWI — or a second DWI combined with other aggravating factors — can become a felony DWI. The difference between a second and a third charge is significant. Will I lose my driver's license after a second DWI? Your license can be suspended for up to two years. You also face an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) hearing through the Texas Department of Public Safety, which is a separate process from your criminal case. You must request that hearing within 15 days of your arrest or you lose the right to contest the suspension. Do I have to have an ignition interlock device? If placed on community supervision for a second DWI in Texas, you are required by law to install an ignition interlock device on any vehicle you drive. This requirement applies even if your conviction is for a standard second offense with no elevated... > Charged with a 3rd DWI in Fort Bend County? It's a felony carrying 2–10 years in prison. Varghese Summersett defends serious cases. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-30 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/third-offense/ A third DWI in Fort Bend County is a third-degree felony under Texas law. A conviction carries 2 to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000, and a host of collateral consequences that can follow you for life. The stakes are serious — and so is your need for a skilled defense attorney. Why Your Choice of Lawyer Matters Here Varghese Summersett has a team of more than 70 legal professionals and four Texas offices, including a location serving Houston and Fort Bend County. The firm has built its reputation on serious criminal defense — more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across thousands of cases statewide. Heading the firm's Houston office is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike spent over a decade as a prosecutor — including years as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — before switching to criminal defense. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. His prosecutorial background means he knows how Fort Bend County prosecutors build DWI cases, and exactly how to take them apart. You've Seen Us On What Does a Third DWI Mean in Texas? Many people charged with a third DWI are surprised to learn they are suddenly facing a felony charge — not another misdemeanor. Under Texas law, the first two DWI convictions are misdemeanors. The third converts the offense into a felony, dramatically changing the punishment range, the court handling your case, and the long-term impact on your life. A felony DWI conviction can affect your right to vote, your ability to own or possess a firearm, your employment prospects, your professional licenses, and your immigration status if you are not a U. S. citizen. These consequences go far beyond jail time and fines. The Law: What the State Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, a person commits DWI by operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(b), a DWI is enhanced to a third-degree felony if the person has been convicted of at least two prior DWI offenses. To convict you, the State must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in the law. The burden falls entirely on the prosecution. You are not required to prove your innocence. You were operating a motor vehicle The vehicle was operated in a public place You were intoxicated at the time (meaning a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher, OR that alcohol or drugs impaired your normal mental or physical faculties) You had at least two prior DWI convictions that legally qualify as enhancements That last element — the prior convictions — is one of the most important and most challengeable parts of a felony DWI case. Not every prior DWI conviction is automatically usable to enhance a charge. How they... > Facing a felony charge in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett's experienced defense team will fight for your future. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-30 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-felony-lawyer/ A felony charge in Fort Bend County is one of the most serious situations you can face. A conviction can mean years in a Texas prison, a permanent record, and the loss of rights you may never get back. The right defense attorney, hired quickly, can change everything. Experienced Felony Defense for Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm's team includes five Board Certified attorneys — among them, three Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists and two Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialists. As a firm, Varghese Summersett has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas. Leading the firm's Fort Bend County practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead for the Houston office. Mike is a former prosecutor who served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County—giving him direct, firsthand knowledge of how local prosecutors build felony cases. He has more than a decade of experience, has tried more than 60 cases before a jury, and was recognized as a Rising Star by Super Lawyers. He knows Fort Bend County's courts, its prosecutors, and what it takes to win. When you hire Varghese Summersett, you are not just getting a single attorney. You are getting a deep bench of experienced trial lawyers who have collectively handled thousands of felony cases across the full spectrum of Texas criminal law—from state jail felonies to murder. You've Seen Us On What Is a Felony in Texas? Texas law divides criminal offenses into misdemeanors and felonies. Felonies are the more serious category. They are handled in district courts, and a conviction results in a sentence served in a Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) prison or, for state jail felonies, a state jail facility—not a county jail. Felonies cover a wide range of offenses: drug possession and delivery, assault, robbery, burglary, sexual assault, weapons violations, homicide, and more. The level of the felony—state jail, third degree, second degree, first degree, or capital—determines the punishment range you face. A felony conviction does far more damage than just prison time. You lose the right to possess a firearm. You may lose the right to vote. You can be deported if you are not a U. S. citizen. You will carry a permanent criminal record that shows up on background checks and limits your access to employment, housing, and professional licensing. Some offenses require lifetime sex offender registration. You can read more about felony voting rights in Texas and the pathway to an expunction on our blog. Texas Felony Classifications and Punishment Ranges Under Texas Penal Code § 12. 04, felonies are divided into five classifications. Each carries its own punishment range: Capital Felony: Life without parole or death (Texas Penal Code § 12. 31) First Degree Felony (§ 12. 32): 5 to 99 years or life in TDCJ; fine up to $10,000 Second Degree Felony (§... > Facing a Fort Bend felony DWI charge? Our experienced defense attorneys provide strategic defense to protect your future. Call today for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-26 - Modified: 2026-03-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/felony-dwi/ A felony DWI in Fort Bend County means you are facing prison time, a permanent criminal record, and the loss of your right to carry a firearm. The stakes are high. You need a criminal defense lawyer who knows these courts and knows how to fight these charges. Why Varghese Summersett for a Fort Bend Felony DWI Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with four offices, a team of experienced attorneys, and a track record that includes more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. When it comes to felony DWI defense in Fort Bend County, that experience matters. Senior Counsel Mike Hanson leads the firm's Houston-area operations and is a former Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County. He knows how Fort Bend prosecutors think, what they look for, and how they build DWI cases. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. He is also a decorated military attorney currently serving in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps. At Varghese Summersett, every felony DWI case is approached with precision, preparation, and a commitment to achieving the best possible outcome. From the moment you hire the firm, you receive the kind of white-glove service and strategic defense that sets us apart—thorough case analysis, aggressive motion practice, and trial-ready advocacy. We understand what’s at stake in a Fort Bend Felony DWI, and we work relentlessly to protect your freedom, your record, and your future. You've Seen Us On What Is a Felony DWI in Texas? Most first and second DWI arrests are misdemeanors. Certain circumstances push a DWI charge into felony territory. If you are facing a felony DWI in Fort Bend County, it is almost certainly because of one of the following situations. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(b), a DWI becomes a third-degree felony if the person has two or more prior DWI convictions. A prior conviction for intoxication assault or intoxication manslaughter also qualifies as a prior conviction that can elevate the charge. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045(b), a DWI with a child passenger under 15 years old is a state jail felony, even on a first offense. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(b), a DWI is elevated to a second-degree felony when the person has a prior conviction for intoxication manslaughter. What the State Must Prove To convict you of felony DWI, the prosecution must prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden is entirely on the State — you have no obligation to prove your innocence. The elements are: You operated a motor vehicle in a public place You were intoxicated at the time of operation The qualifying prior conviction(s) existed at the time of the offense (for 3rd+ offense cases) A child under 15 was a passenger in the vehicle (for child passenger cases) "Intoxicated" means either having a blood or breath alcohol concentration of 0. 08... > Charged with intoxication assault in Fort Bend County? Our attorneys are former prosecutors who know how these cases are built — and how to fight them. - Published: 2026-03-26 - Modified: 2026-03-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-assault/ Intoxication assault is a felony in Texas. If you caused serious bodily injury to another person while driving drunk or intoxicated — even by accident — you can be charged with a crime that carries up to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. An experienced defense attorney can challenge the evidence against you and fight for the best possible outcome. Facing Intoxication Assault Charges in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett defends clients throughout Fort Bend County against some of the most serious intoxication-related charges in Texas law. Our team includes more seasoned attorneys across four Texas offices, and the firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. We have four offices — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — and our Houston-area team handles cases in Fort Bend County courts every day. Leading our Houston office is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and has over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — giving him first-hand knowledge of how prosecutors in this county approach intoxication assault cases. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is a Judge Advocate in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps. Intoxication offenses are among his documented practice areas. When the stakes are this high, you need attorneys who understand the system from both sides. Reach out to our team at (281) 805-2220 — we're available around the clock. You've Seen Us On What People Want to Know About Intoxication Assault in Texas When someone is charged with intoxication assault, they typically have urgent questions. Can this be reduced to a lesser charge? Will I go to prison? Does the victim's cooperation matter? Can the blood test be challenged? The answers depend on the specific facts of the case — but having a skilled defense attorney in your corner makes a real difference in how those facts are presented. Some related concerns we frequently hear from clients in Fort Bend County: What happens if the injured person fully recovers — does the charge go away? Can I be charged even if the accident wasn't entirely my fault? What if my BAC was below 0. 08 but I was still arrested? Will I lose my driver's license? Is there any way to avoid a felony conviction on my record? These are exactly the kinds of questions our attorneys address from day one. Understanding the law is the first step. What Is Intoxication Assault Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 07, a person commits intoxication assault if they operate a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride in a public place while intoxicated — and, by accident or mistake, cause serious bodily injury to another person. Two key terms drive this charge. "Intoxicated" means... > Charged with delivery or manufacture of a controlled substance in Fort Bend County? Call for a free consult with a Fort Bend drug delivery lawyer today. - Published: 2026-03-25 - Modified: 2026-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/drug-delivery/ A charge for delivery or manufacture of a controlled substance in Fort Bend County is a felony that carries years — sometimes decades — in prison. The severity depends on the type of drug and the amount involved, but every level of this charge deserves an aggressive defense from day one. Facing Drug Delivery Charges in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Our team of more than 70 legal professionals has helped clients achieve over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions across Texas. The firm brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience to every case it handles. Leading the charge in the Houston and Fort Bend area is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — one of the few attorneys in Texas with this distinction. Before joining Varghese Summersett, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County, giving him direct insight into how Fort Bend prosecutors build and pursue drug cases. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. That kind of inside knowledge — knowing how the other side thinks — is exactly what matters in a drug delivery case. You've Seen Us On What Does "Delivery of a Controlled Substance" Mean in Texas? People often picture drug delivery as a street-level sale. But under Texas law, the definition is much broader than that. A delivery charge can arise from a hand-to-hand transaction, a package drop, a loan, or even an offer to transfer. You do not need to accept money, and you do not need to physically hand anything to anyone to be charged. Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 002(8) defines "delivery" as the actual or constructive transfer of a controlled substance from one person to another. It also includes an offer to sell. "Manufacture" under § 481. 002(25) covers the production, preparation, or processing of a controlled substance — including being caught with equipment or chemicals used in that process. These charges are often connected to undercover operations, confidential informants, controlled buys, and surveillance. Fort Bend County law enforcement agencies — including the Fort Bend County Sheriff's Office and the Sugar Land, Missouri City, and Rosenberg police departments — conduct active drug investigations. Cases can move quickly from investigation to arrest to indictment. If you or someone you love is facing a delivery charge in Fort Bend County, speaking with a Fort Bend criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible can make a real difference in how the case unfolds. What the Law Says: Elements the State Must Prove Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 112, to convict a person of delivery or manufacture of a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1, the prosecution... > Arrested for marijuana possession in Fort Bend County? We defend all Fort Bend marijuana charge levels. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-25 - Modified: 2026-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/marijuana/ Marijuana is still illegal under Texas law, and a charge in Fort Bend County can follow you for years. The good news: these cases are defensible, and the right attorney can make a big difference in how yours turns out. Why You Need a Fort Bend County Marijuana Lawyer Texas has not decriminalized marijuana. Even a small amount can result in a criminal record that affects your job, your housing, and your future. Knowing exactly what you're facing — and who is in your corner — matters from day one. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team brings more than 100 years of combined experience to cases like yours. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions across Texas. Our team includes five board-certified attorneys — a distinction the Texas Board of Legal Specialization awards only to lawyers who pass a rigorous examination and demonstrate deep experience in their field. Leading our Houston-area practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead for the Houston office. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and brings a rare combination of experience: he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County, tried more than 60 cases before a jury, and continues to serve in the U. S. Army Reserve JAG Corps. He knows Fort Bend County's courts from the inside. Our attorneys have been featured in major media outlets across Texas and have earned top-tier recognition, including Super Lawyers designations, Best Lawyers in America listings, and national trial lawyer awards. When Fort Bend County prosecutors build a marijuana case against you, we build your defense. You've Seen Us On What People Ask About Fort Bend County Marijuana Charges When someone is charged with marijuana possession, the same questions come up over and over. Here are the ones we hear most often at Varghese Summersett. Is marijuana legal in Texas? No. Texas has not legalized marijuana for recreational or medical use. Even a small amount can result in a criminal charge. Delta-8 and other hemp-derived products can also create legal complications depending on THC concentration. If you're unsure whether what you had is legal, talk to an attorney before assuming anything. Will I go to jail for a first marijuana offense in Fort Bend County? Not necessarily — but it is possible. Jail time depends on the amount, your prior record, and the specific facts of your case. Many first-time offenders qualify for diversion programs or deferred adjudication. A skilled attorney can often steer a case toward an outcome that keeps you out of jail and off your permanent record. Can a marijuana charge be dismissed in Fort Bend County? Yes. Varghese Summersett has secured dismissals in marijuana cases by challenging illegal searches, questioning the chain of evidence, and exposing weaknesses in the lab testing process. No outcome can be guaranteed, but these cases can and do get dismissed. What's the difference between possession and delivery charges? Possession means you had marijuana... > Charged with drug paraphernalia in Fort Bend County? We defends clients across Sugar Land, Missouri City and beyond. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-25 - Modified: 2026-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/paraphernalia/ In Texas, possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class C misdemeanor — but a conviction still creates a permanent criminal record that can affect your job, housing, and future. An experienced Fort Bend County defense attorney can fight to keep that from happening. Varghese Summersett Defends Drug Charges in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with four offices and a highly experienced team of attorneys and legal professionals. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients across the state. Leading the Houston-area practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead overseeing the firm's Houston office. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, making him one of only a small number of attorneys in Texas to hold that credential. He has over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney, having tried more than 60 cases before a jury. Critically for Fort Bend County clients, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County — giving him firsthand knowledge of how local prosecutors approach drug cases, including paraphernalia charges. He also holds recognition as a Rising Star by Super Lawyers and received the Merit Award from the Texas Young Lawyers Association. If you or a family member has been charged with possession of drug paraphernalia in Fort Bend County, speak with a defense attorney who knows the ropes. Call Varghese Summersett at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Drug Paraphernalia Under Texas Law? People are sometimes surprised to learn that everyday household items can qualify as drug paraphernalia depending on the context in which they are found. Under Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 002(17), "drug paraphernalia" includes any equipment, product, or material that is used or intended to be used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, store, contain, or introduce a controlled substance into the body. That definition is intentionally broad. Common items charged as drug paraphernalia in Fort Bend County include: Pipes (glass, metal, wooden, acrylic) Bongs, water pipes, and hookahs used for controlled substances Rolling papers combined with other drug evidence Spoons or tin foil with residue Syringes or needles outside a medical context Small plastic bags (particularly when found near drugs or residue) Scales used to weigh controlled substances Cutting agents and mixing equipment The key word in the statute is "intended. " A glass pipe sitting on a store shelf is a legal product. The same pipe found in a car with marijuana residue inside is paraphernalia. Context — and what officers observe, smell, or test — drives most of these charges. The Law: What the State Must Prove Possession of drug paraphernalia is governed by Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 125(a). To secure a conviction, the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a... > Charged with Boating While Intoxicated (BWI) in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys fight to protect your rights, your record, and your future. Free consult. - Published: 2026-03-25 - Modified: 2026-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/boating-while-intoxicated/ Boating While Intoxicated in Fort Bend County: What You Need to Know Boating While Intoxicated (BWI) is a criminal offense in Texas. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 06, it is illegal to operate a watercraft in a public place while intoxicated. A first-time BWI is a Class B misdemeanor, but repeat offenses or cases involving injury or death can result in felony charges. If you are arrested on the Brazos River, Oyster Creek, or any waters in Fort Bend County, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney immediately. Why Fort Bend County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with four offices across the state and a high-caliber team of attorneys and legal professionals. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas, backed by more than 100 years of combined legal experience. The firm's Houston and Fort Bend County practice is led by Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead, who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. That prosecutorial background means he understands exactly how BWI cases are built — and how they can be challenged. He is also Board Certiied in Juvenile Law, an accolade held by less than 10 percent of attorneys in the state. Fort Bend County residents trust Varghese Summersett because of the firm’s proven results, recognized excellence, and unwavering commitment to clients. With more than 1,100 five-star reviews, numerous industry awards, and a reputation for delivering unmatched service and unparalleled outcomes, the firm has become a go-to choice for those facing serious criminal charges. Clients know they are backed by a team of highly respected trial lawyers who are not only experienced, but also relentless in protecting their rights and future when it matters most. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About BWI in Fort Bend County Is BWI the same as DWI in Texas? BWI and DWI are separate offenses under the Texas Penal Code, but they share the same legal definition of intoxication and carry nearly identical penalties. The key difference is the vehicle: DWI involves motor vehicles on public roads, while BWI involves watercraft on public waters. Both offenses can be enhanced to felony level based on prior convictions or serious bodily injury. You can learn more on our Fort Bend DWI Lawyer page. Can I be arrested for BWI if I'm below the 0. 08 BAC limit? Yes. Texas law does not require a BAC of 0. 08 to support a BWI arrest. You can be charged if law enforcement determines you have lost the normal use of your mental or physical faculties, even at a lower BAC. Officers use field sobriety evaluations adapted for marine environments to assess impairment. Do I lose my driver's license if convicted of BWI? A BWI conviction does not automatically trigger a driver's license suspension the same way a DWI does. However, BWI convictions are considered prior intoxication... > Charged with DWI with a child passenger in Fort Bend County? It's a state jail felony. Get an experienced defense attorney on your side now. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-25 - Modified: 2026-03-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/dwi-child-passenger/ DWI with a child passenger in Fort Bend County is a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045 — even if it is your first DWI offense. A conviction can mean up to two years in a state jail facility, a fine of up to $10,000, and lasting damage to your reputation, your driver's license, and your relationship with your children. Varghese Summersett's Houston-area office handles DWI with child passenger cases throughout Fort Bend County, including Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, and Pearland. The firm's team has more than 100 years of combined experience, has secured over 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions, and includes attorneys who previously prosecuted cases in Fort Bend County itself. Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead overseeing the Houston office, brings a rare perspective to these cases. He served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County, tried more than 60 jury trials, and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — one of a small number of attorneys in Texas to hold that certification. He now uses that insider knowledge to defend people facing exactly these kinds of charges. The team at Varghese Summersett includes more than 70 professionals across four Texas offices. You've Seen Us On What Does It Mean to Be Charged with DWI with a Child Passenger? Most people understand that a DWI is serious. What surprises many Fort Bend County residents is that having a child in the car — even a child who was not hurt, even for a short drive — transforms a standard misdemeanor DWI into a felony. There is no enhanced BAC requirement, no prior convictions required, and no minimum distance driven. The presence of the child alone triggers the felony charge. People also ask whether a DWI with a child passenger can lead to additional criminal charges, CPS involvement, or loss of custody. The answer to all three is yes — and that reality makes early legal intervention more important than in most DWI cases. The Law: Texas Penal Code § 49. 045 Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045, a person commits a state jail felony if they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated and a passenger in the vehicle is younger than 15 years of age. To secure a conviction, the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant operated a motor vehicle The vehicle was operated in a public place The defendant was intoxicated at the time of operation A passenger younger than 15 years of age was in the vehicle "Intoxicated" is defined under Texas Penal Code § 49. 01 as either (1) not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or more of those substances, or any other substance into the body; or (2) having an... > Charged with assault causing bodily injury in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense team fights for dismissals and reduced charges. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-03-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/assault-bodily-injury/ What Is Assault Causing Bodily Injury in Fort Bend County? Assault causing bodily injury in Texas is the intentional, knowing, or reckless act of causing physical pain, illness, or impairment to another person. It is most commonly charged as a Class A misdemeanor, but can become a felony depending on who was attacked and whether prior convictions exist. Experienced Assault Defense in Fort Bend County When your future is on the line, the attorney you choose matters. Varghese Summersett brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience, five Board Certified attorneys, and a team of more than 70 legal professionals. The firm has earned 1,600+ dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. Leading the firm's Fort Bend and Houston criminal defense practice is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and has tried more than 60 criminal cases before a jury. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — meaning he knows exactly how the prosecution builds its assault cases here. He also served as a Judge Advocate for the Texas Army National Guard and continues to serve in the U. S. Army Reserve JAG Corps. The firm has handled assault cases at every level, from first-time misdemeanor charges to felony family violence matters. Varghese Summersett appears regularly in the media and has been recognized by Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and national trial lawyer organizations. The firm's four offices — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — give clients access to a deep team with local knowledge of Fort Bend County courts, prosecutors, and procedures. You've Seen Us On Related Charges and Concerns Assault causing bodily injury often comes with additional complications. If the alleged victim is a family or household member, the charge is automatically labeled family violence, which carries lifelong consequences beyond jail time. A second family violence conviction can be elevated to a felony. If a weapon was involved, the charge may be elevated to aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. Even a misdemeanor assault conviction in Fort Bend County can affect your ability to own a firearm, hold certain professional licenses, pass a background check, and secure housing or employment. Many people charged for the first time do not realize how much is at stake until it is too late. People facing these charges often ask: Can this charge be dismissed or reduced? Will I lose my job or my right to own a gun? What happens if the alleged victim doesn't want to press charges? Can I be charged with assault if there were no visible injuries? What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony assault? These are all reasonable questions. The answers depend on the facts of your case — and those facts are exactly what an experienced Fort Bend assault bodily injury attorney will investigate before your first court date. Texas Law... > Facing Fort Bend Assault by Contact charges? Don’t wait. Learn possible penalties and defense strategies. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-03-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/assault-by-contact/ Assault by contact in Texas is intentional or knowing physical contact with another person that the offender knows — or should know — the other person will find offensive or provocative. In Fort Bend County, this charge is most commonly filed as a Class C misdemeanor, which carries a fine of up to $500 but no jail time. However, the consequences can be more serious depending on who the victim is, and a conviction creates a criminal record that can follow you for years. Varghese Summersett Defends Assault Charges in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm's Houston-area criminal defense team handles cases throughout Fort Bend County, including Sugar Land, Missouri City, Richmond, Rosenberg, Stafford, and Katy. Leading the firm's Houston office is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and has over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. Before joining the defense side, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — meaning he knows exactly how prosecutors in this jurisdiction build these cases. As a firm, Varghese Summersett has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. The team includes more than 70 legal professionals and five Board Certified attorneys — one of the largest concentrations of board-certified criminal lawyers in the state. The firm has been featured on CNN, Fox News, and in major Texas publications, and is consistently recognized among the top criminal defense teams in the region. You've Seen Us On What Else You Might Be Wondering If you are facing an assault by contact charge in Fort Bend County, you likely have questions beyond the basics. Here are some of the most common concerns we hear. Many people ask whether assault by contact can become a family violence case. The answer is yes. If the alleged victim is a family member, household member, or romantic partner — current or former — the charge carries a family violence designation. That designation has serious long-term consequences, including effects on firearm rights and immigration status, even when the underlying offense is a Class C misdemeanor. Others ask whether a Class C misdemeanor is worth fighting. The short answer is yes, especially if the charge carries a family violence designation. Even a conviction at this level can appear on background checks, affect housing and employment applications, and count as a prior offense if you are ever charged with something more serious in the future. Some people are surprised to learn they can request a jury trial even for a Class C misdemeanor in Texas. Others want to know whether the charge can be expunged. The path to expunction depends on the outcome — an attorney can explain which routes may be available... > Charged with deadly conduct in Fort Bend County? Don't let this moment defined you life. Call today for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Bend defense attorney. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-03-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/deadly-conduct/ Deadly conduct in Texas is either a Class A misdemeanor or a third-degree felony, depending on whether a firearm was discharged. A conviction can mean up to 10 years in prison, and Fort Bend County prosecutors take these charges seriously. If you or someone you love has been arrested, the decisions you make right now will shape what happens next. Facing Deadly Conduct Charges in Fort Bend County? Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with an office serving the Houston and Fort Bend County area. Our team includes attorneys with over 100 years of combined experience, including a former Assistant District Attorney who prosecuted cases right here in Fort Bend County. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas, and our 70+ member team handles criminal cases at every level — from misdemeanors to first-degree felonies. Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead for our Houston office, previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and brings firsthand knowledge of how Fort Bend prosecutors build and pursue these cases. That inside perspective gives our clients a meaningful advantage from day one. Our attorneys have been featured in national and local media and have earned recognition from Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers, and other leading legal rating organizations. When the stakes are high in Fort Bend County, Varghese Summersett is who people call. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know About Deadly Conduct Charges People charged with deadly conduct often have many urgent questions. Below are the ones we hear most often from clients in Fort Bend County. Is deadly conduct a felony in Texas? It depends on the specific conduct. Recklessly placing someone in imminent danger of serious bodily injury is a Class A misdemeanor. But if a firearm was discharged, the charge becomes a third-degree felony — a far more serious offense with the possibility of years in prison. Can a deadly conduct charge be dismissed or reduced? Yes. Like many criminal charges, deadly conduct cases are sometimes resolved through dismissal, reduction to a lesser offense, or deferred adjudication. The specific facts of your case — including whether a firearm was used, your criminal history, and the strength of the evidence — all play a role. An experienced Fort Bend criminal defense lawyer can evaluate those factors and build a strategy around them. Will I go to jail for deadly conduct? Not necessarily. Many deadly conduct cases are resolved without jail time, particularly for first-time offenders. However, the firearm discharge version of the charge is a felony and carries a minimum sentence of two years in prison if convicted. Getting ahead of this charge early matters. Does this charge affect my gun rights? A felony deadly conduct conviction will strip you of your right to possess a firearm under both Texas and federal law. Even a misdemeanor conviction can have lasting consequences. This is one of... > Charged with kidnapping in Fort Bend County? Our criminal defense attorneys fight hard for you. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-03-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/kidnapping/ A kidnapping charge in Fort Bend County is a felony that carries years — sometimes decades — in prison. If you or someone you love has been arrested or is under investigation, the time to act is now. Serious Kidnapping Charges Require Serious Defense in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with attorneys who know Fort Bend County courts inside and out. The firm's Houston-area team is led by Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel, who served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County before moving to criminal defense. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — one of a small number of attorneys in Texas with that credential. Firm-wide, Varghese Summersett's 70-plus-member team has earned more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. The firm has five board-certified attorneys, four offices across Texas, and more than 100 years of combined legal experience. Its attorneys have appeared in major media, earned recognition from Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and Fort Worth Magazine, and have a track record on the most serious felony charges — including violent crimes like kidnapping and aggravated kidnapping. Kidnapping is a crime that prosecutors take seriously. Bond amounts are high, the charges are complex, and the consequences of a conviction are permanent. You need a team that has handled these cases and knows how to fight them. You've Seen Us On What Counts as Kidnapping Under Texas Law? Texas law recognizes three related but distinct offenses: unlawful restraint, kidnapping, and aggravated kidnapping. Each carries different penalties and requires proof of different elements. Understanding the difference matters — both for your case and for your defense strategy. Unlawful Restraint — Texas Penal Code § 20. 02 Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 02, a person commits unlawful restraint if they intentionally or knowingly restrain another person. "Restrain" means restricting a person's movements without consent in a way that interferes substantially with their liberty. This can happen by moving someone from one place to another or by confining them. Unlawful restraint is typically a Class A misdemeanor, but it escalates to a state jail felony if the victim is under 17, or to a third-degree felony if the victim was exposed to a substantial risk of serious bodily injury. Kidnapping — Texas Penal Code § 20. 03 Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 03, kidnapping is a third-degree felony. The State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you intentionally or knowingly abducted another person. "Abduct" is a specific legal term — it means you restrained another person with the intent to prevent their liberation by either secreting or holding them in a place where they were not likely to be found, or by using or threatening deadly force. The key distinction between unlawful restraint and kidnapping is abduction. Kidnapping requires proof of secreting the person or using... > Charged with terroristic threat in Fort Bend County? Learn the law, penalties, and defense strategies. Call for a free consulation. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-03-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/terroristic-threat/ A terroristic threat charge in Fort Bend County can range from a misdemeanor to a second-degree felony, depending on who was threatened and what was alleged. The charge does not require proof that you intended to carry out the threat — only that you made it with a specific intent defined under Texas law. Why Experience Matters in Fort Bend County Varghese Summersett is a Texas criminal defense firm with four offices and more than 100 years of combined experience among its attorneys. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas — results built on deep courtroom experience, not paperwork. Leading the firm's Houston-area operations is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. Before joining Varghese Summersett, he served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County — giving him direct, first-hand knowledge of how Fort Bend prosecutors build and evaluate these cases. He also serves as a Judge Advocate in the U. S. Army Reserve JAG Corps. The firm's team includes five Board Certified attorneys — one of the highest concentrations of top-tier legal credentials in Texas. With more than 70 team members and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, Varghese Summersett has the depth to take on any case, at any level. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Terroristic Threat Charges People facing these charges often have the same questions. Do the police need proof I planned to actually follow through? Can I be charged for a text message or social media post? What happens if the alleged victim was a family member? These are real concerns, and they matter to how your case gets handled. The short answers: intent to carry out the threat is not required. Electronic messages absolutely count. And if the alleged victim is a family or household member, the charge jumps from a Class B to a Class A misdemeanor — with significantly steeper consequences. If you are facing any version of this charge in Fort Bend County — whether it stems from a domestic dispute, a road rage incident, a workplace confrontation, or a social media post — you need an attorney who understands both the law and the local court system. Cases are typically heard in Fort Bend County's district and county courts, located at the Fort Bend County Justice Center in Richmond, Texas. To speak with an attorney, call (281) 805-2220. What Is Terroristic Threat Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code § 22. 07 defines a terroristic threat as threatening to commit any offense involving violence to a person or property, with intent to accomplish one of the following: Cause a reaction by an emergency response agency Place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury Prevent or interrupt the use of a building, vehicle, or public place Cause impairment of public utilities or... > Charged with unlawful restraint in Fort Bend County? Learn the law, penalties, and possible defenses. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-23 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/unlawful-restraint/ Unlawful restraint in Texas is a serious charge that can range from a misdemeanor to a felony depending on who was restrained and how it happened. If you or or someone you love has been charged in Fort Bend County, the decisions you make in the next 24 hours can shape everything that follows. Why Fort Bend County Defendants Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions for clients across the state. Leading the firm's Houston and Fort Bend County operations is Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and Area Lead. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and brings more than a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. He has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. Critically for Fort Bend County clients, Mike previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County, which means he knows exactly how prosecutors in this jurisdiction build and pursue these cases. He also serves in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps. The firm's attorneys have been featured in national media, named to Super Lawyers and Best Lawyers in America, and numerous other publications. Varghese Summersett maintains offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, and takes calls around the clock. You've Seen Us On What Is Unlawful Restraint in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 02, a person commits unlawful restraint by intentionally or knowingly restraining another person without their consent. "Restrain" means restricting someone's movements so as to interfere substantially with their liberty, either by moving them from one place to another or by confining them where they are. This charge comes up in a wide range of situations: domestic disputes, arguments that escalate physically, disputes over children, road rage incidents, and more. The charge does not require that the person was physically injured. Preventing someone from leaving a room or blocking a car from driving away can be enough. What Does "Without Consent" Mean? Consent is absent when it is induced by force, threat, or deception. If the person agreed to remain but only because they were threatened with harm, that does not count as consent under the law. The State must prove the victim did not freely choose to stay or go. How Is This Different from Kidnapping? Unlawful restraint and kidnapping are closely related charges under Texas law. The key difference is intent: kidnapping requires that the person acted with intent to prevent the victim's liberation by secreting or holding them in a place not likely to be found, or using or threatening deadly force. Unlawful restraint is the lesser charge when those additional elements are absent. Prosecutors sometimes charge both and let a jury sort it out. Elements the State Must Prove This is a criminal charge. The State bears the burden of proof, and you have no obligation to... > Divorce mediation can save time, money, and stress. Varghese Summersett has trained attorney-mediators. Call (940) 252-2220 for a Denton divorce mediation. - Published: 2026-03-20 - Modified: 2026-03-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-divorce-mediation/ What is divorce mediation in Denton County? Divorce mediation is a structured process where a neutral third party helps both spouses reach agreements on issues like property division, child custody, and support — outside of a courtroom. In most Denton County divorce cases, mediation is required before a judge will hold a final trial. It is faster, less expensive, and far less adversarial than litigation, and agreements reached in mediation are binding under Texas law. If you are facing a divorce in Denton County, mediation is not just an option — it is almost certainly a step you will have to take before a judge ever hears your case. Understanding how it works, and having a skilled advocate on your side, can make all the difference. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division has spent years helping clients navigate divorce and family law matters across North Texas, including in Denton County. What sets this firm apart is rare: two trained, experienced mediators on staff — J. Turner Thornton and Craig Jackson — who understand the process from both sides of the table. Turner Thornton leads the firm's Family Law Division. A trained mediator and experienced litigator, he has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, child custody disputes, and complex property division. He is recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law, is a three-time Super Lawyers Rising Star, and serves as an elected board member of the Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association. Craig Jackson is a Partner in the Family Law Division and oversees the firm's Southlake office. He has been Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization for over 20 years — a credential held by fewer than 1% of Texas attorneys. Craig brings nearly three decades of family law experience to every case, including a distinguished tenure as Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials. He has served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings, successfully mediated hundreds of family law cases, and authored the chapter on contempt in the Texas Family Law Practice Manual. Few firms in North Texas can offer clients two mediators of this caliber — one who has been inside the courtroom as a judge and one who has led hundreds of families to resolution through skilled negotiation. Whether you need representation heading into mediation or a mediator to help settle a pending case, Varghese Summersett can help. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Divorce Mediation in Denton County Clients often come to us with similar questions when they first learn mediation is required in their case. Here are the ones we hear most often. Is mediation required in Denton County divorce cases? In most cases, yes. Denton County family courts routinely order mediation before setting a case for final trial. Even in cases where a court order is not issued, most attorneys strongly recommend it because it... - Published: 2026-03-20 - Modified: 2026-03-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-courts/ Denton County's criminal courts are divided into three tiers: Justice of the Peace courts for Class C misdemeanors, County Courts at Law for Class A and B misdemeanors, and District Courts for felonies. Every case follows the same constitutional standard — the State must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt — but the court where your case lands, the judge assigned, and the process that follows depend entirely on the charge. Varghese Summersett has represented clients in Denton County courts charged with misdemeanors to first-degree felonies. Our criminal defense team includes attorneys who once prosecuted cases in Denton County as Assistant District Attorneys, giving them direct knowledge of how the county's prosecutors build cases and where those cases can be challenged. With more than 100 years of combined experience, over 1,600 dismissals, and 800-plus charge reductions secured across Texas, Varghese Summersett brings serious firepower to Denton County courts. You've Seen Us On What People Want to Know About Denton County Criminal Courts Most people who land on this page have a specific reason. Maybe you or someone you love was just arrested. Maybe you received a court date and have no idea what to expect. Maybe you're trying to understand the difference between a misdemeanor court and a felony court. These are the questions we hear most. Where will my case be heard? That depends on the charge — Class C misdemeanors go to Justice of the Peace courts, other misdemeanors go to County Courts at Law, and felonies go to District Courts. How long will it take? Misdemeanors can resolve in weeks or months; felonies routinely take a year or more. What does my first court appearance look like? For misdemeanors, it's typically an arraignment where you enter a plea. Felonies follow a different path — indictment by a grand jury usually comes before any formal court appearance. Understanding which court is handling your case, and what that court expects, is the first step toward mounting a real defense. How Denton County's Criminal Court System Is Structured Texas law divides criminal offenses into misdemeanors and felonies, and the court system mirrors that division. Each level of court has its own jurisdiction, procedures, and range of outcomes. Justice of the Peace Courts Denton County has Justice of the Peace courts in each of its four precincts. These courts handle Class C misdemeanors — the lowest level of criminal offense in Texas — including traffic violations, disorderly conduct, and simple possession of drug paraphernalia. Class C misdemeanors carry a maximum fine of $500 and no jail time. Despite the lower stakes, Class C convictions create a criminal record. That matters when someone applies for a job, a professional license, or housing. An attorney can often negotiate a dismissal with conditions — community service, a class, or a period of good behavior — that keeps your record clean. County Courts at Law Denton County's County Courts at Law handle Class A and Class B misdemeanors. These are more serious charges — DWI... > Looking for a Denton stepparent adoption lawyer? We make the process smooth and straightforward, helping families finalize adoptions with confidence and peace of mind. - Published: 2026-03-18 - Modified: 2026-03-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-stepparent-adoption-lawyer/ When a stepparent steps into a child’s life, the relationship often goes far beyond a title. In Denton County, the law allows that bond to become permanent through stepparent adoption — either with the other parent’s consent or after their rights are terminated. Once complete, the adoption establishes full legal parenthood and creates a lasting foundation for the child’s future. Experienced Stepparent Adoption Attorneys Serving Denton County Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division has guided families across Denton County through the stepparent adoption process — from filing the initial petition to standing before a judge on finalization day. Our team includes attorneys with decades of combined family law experience who handle adoptions alongside the full range of family law matters, including cases where parental rights must first be litigated before an adoption can proceed. For many of our attorneys, stepparent adoptions are among the most meaningful cases they handle. There is nothing routine about helping a family make a lifelong bond official. It is a process rooted in commitment, and our team approaches each case with the care, attention, and respect it deserves. Stepparent adoptions are joyful — but they can also be legally complex. Whether the other parent is cooperative or must be found in default, whether their rights have already been terminated or the process needs to start from scratch, having the right legal team matters. Reach out to speak with one of our Denton County family law attorneys today. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Stepparent Adoption in Denton County Can a stepparent adopt a child if the other parent is involved? Yes, but the other parent must consent. A parent cannot be "pushed out" of their child's life simply because a stepparent wants to adopt. If the other parent has maintained a relationship with the child and is current on support obligations, they have the right to refuse — and the court will respect that. Adoption in those circumstances is not possible unless the court terminates the other parent's rights through a separate proceeding, which requires proof of specific legal grounds. What if the other parent is completely absent? If the other biological parent has abandoned the child, failed to pay court-ordered child support, or is otherwise legally deemed to have surrendered their parental role, Texas law provides grounds to terminate their rights — which then clears the path for adoption. The stepparent adoption process in Texas often begins with this termination step when the absent parent will not or cannot be located. Does the child have any say? A child who is 12 years of age or older must consent to their own adoption under Texas Family Code § 162. 010(a). The court will also consider the child's expressed wishes in evaluating whether the adoption serves the child's best interest, though the child's consent is only legally required at age 12. How long does the process take in Denton County? If the other parent consents and there are no complications, a stepparent adoption in Denton... > Denton high net worth divorce attorney. Varghese Summersett protects business interests, real estate & complex assets. Call (940) 252-2220 to schedule a consultation. - Published: 2026-03-16 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-high-net-worth-divorce/ A high net worth divorce in Denton County means more than ending a marriage. It means protecting what you built, what you earned, and what you own — before a judge divides it. Texas gives courts broad discretion to divide a marital estate in a way that is "just and right. " Without experienced legal counsel, that discretion can work against you. Why High Net Worth Divorces Are Different Most divorces involve a home, a retirement account, and two incomes. High net worth divorces often involve business interests, investment portfolios, real property holdings, deferred compensation, stock options, trusts, and assets deliberately structured to appear less valuable than they are. The stakes are higher, the disputes are harder, and the financial consequences last a lifetime. You need attorneys who understand not just family law — but finance. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division has handled hundreds of high-stakes divorce matters across Texas. The team includes attorneys with decades of combined family law experience, financial backgrounds in corporate finance and debt finance, and recognition from Best Lawyers in America, Super Lawyers, and regional legal publications year after year. With four offices and more than 70 team members, the firm brings deep resources to complex cases — including the ability to retain forensic accountants, business valuators, and financial experts when the situation demands it. You've Seen Us On Common Questions in Denton County High Net Worth Divorces Is Texas a community property state? Yes. Under Texas Family Code § 3. 002, all property acquired during the marriage — other than gifts and inheritances — is presumed to be community property owned equally by both spouses. That presumption matters enormously when one spouse has built a business or accumulated significant assets during the marriage. What is separate property, and can my spouse claim it? Under Texas Family Code § 3. 001, separate property includes assets owned before marriage, gifts, and inheritances. Your spouse cannot be awarded your separate property. The problem is that separate and community funds often become commingled over time — making it harder to trace what is truly yours. In high net worth estates, this tracing work is one of the most consequential battles in the entire case. How does a court decide what is "just and right"? Texas courts are not required to split the marital estate 50/50. Under Texas Family Code § 7. 001, a court divides the community estate in a manner it considers just and right, considering the rights of each spouse and any children. Fault in the breakup of the marriage, earning capacity, education level, health, business opportunities, and custody arrangements are all factors the court may weigh. What happens to my business in a Denton County divorce? If the business was founded or grew significantly during the marriage, a portion of its value may be community property. The court will need a professional business valuation — and each side typically retains its own expert. The valuation method chosen can produce dramatically different numbers, which is why... > Uncontested divorce in Denton County? Our family law team helps spouses reach agreements and move forward faster. Talk to a Denton uncontested divorce lawyer today. - Published: 2026-03-16 - Modified: 2026-03-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-uncontested-divorce-lawyer/ An uncontested divorce in Texas means both spouses agree on all major issues — property division, child custody, child support, and spousal support — allowing the case to be resolved without a judge deciding those matters for you. In Denton County, an uncontested divorce can be finalized in as little as 61 days from the date the petition is filed. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division has guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce across North Texas, including Denton County. With a team of 70+ professionals and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, Varghese Summersett brings significant depth to every case — even the ones that seem straightforward. You've Seen Us On Is an Uncontested Divorce Right for You? An uncontested divorce is often the fastest and least expensive path to ending a marriage — but "uncontested" doesn't mean "simple. " Even when spouses agree in principle, putting that agreement into a legally binding and enforceable decree takes careful attention. One overlooked detail in a divorce decree can create problems for years. Common questions people in Denton County ask before starting the process: Do we need a lawyer if we already agree on everything? You are not required by law to have an attorney, but having one significantly reduces the risk of errors that delay the case or create future disputes. A lawyer also ensures the final decree actually says what both parties intend. What if we agree now but disagree later? That's one of the most common ways an uncontested divorce becomes contested. An experienced Denton uncontested divorce lawyer can help identify potential flash points — retirement accounts, the family home, child support adjustments — before they become fights. How does an uncontested divorce work when children are involved? The process is the same, but the agreement must address conservatorship, visitation schedules, and child support in detail. A judge must still find that the terms are in the child's best interest before signing off, even in an uncontested case. How much does an uncontested divorce cost in Denton County? Costs vary depending on the complexity of assets and whether children are involved. You can find a general overview of divorce costs at our guide on divorce costs in Texas. The Legal Framework for Uncontested Divorce in Texas Texas divorce law is governed by the Texas Family Code. Understanding the basic legal requirements helps you know what to expect from the process. Residency requirement. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 301, at least one spouse must have been a Texas resident for the six months immediately preceding the filing and a Denton County resident for the 90 days immediately preceding the filing. If you don't meet the Denton County residency requirement, the case must be filed in the county where the other spouse lives. Grounds for divorce. Texas is a no-fault divorce state. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, a court may grant a divorce on the ground of insupportability — meaning the marriage has become insupportable... > Need a Denton family lawyer? Varghese Summersett handles divorce, custody, and complex family law matters. Experienced attorneys ready to protect your future. - Published: 2026-03-16 - Modified: 2026-03-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-family-lawyer/ If you are facing a divorce, child custody dispute, or other family law matter in Denton County, you need an attorney who knows the law, knows the local courts, and will fight for the outcome that protects you and your family. Varghese Summersett's family law team handles every type of family case in Denton County — from straightforward uncontested divorces to high-stakes custody battles and complex property divisions. A Family Law Team Built for Denton County When you hire Varghese Summersett, you gain more than just a single attorney — you gain the strength of an entire team. Our family law division is made up of experienced lawyers, skilled paralegals, and dedicated support staff who work collaboratively to guide clients through every stage of their case. Together, the firm’s family law team brings deep experience, four offices across North Texas, and a 70-plus-member staff to every matter we handle. That depth allows us to approach each case strategically, drawing on a wide range of legal knowledge and resources. Whether your case can be resolved through negotiation or mediation, or it requires aggressive courtroom advocacy, Varghese Summersett has the experience, resources, and depth of bench to handle it. Our team is committed to helping Denton County families protect what matters most and move forward with confidence. You've Seen Us On What Denton County Families Face Family law touches on some of the most personal decisions a person will ever make. At Varghese Summersett, we handle the full range of matters that affect families in Denton County: Divorce — contested and uncontested, fault and no-fault Child custody — conservatorship, possession, and access Child support — establishment, modification, and enforcement Property division — community and separate property, business interests, retirement accounts Spousal maintenance Temporary orders Modifications to existing orders Paternity and parentage Protective orders Each of these matters carries real legal consequences. The decisions made in your case will shape your finances, your relationship with your children, and your future. That is why choosing the right attorney matters from the start. The Legal Framework for Family Law in Denton County Family law in Texas is governed by the Texas Family Code. Understanding which legal standards apply — and who bears the burden of proof — is essential to building a strong case. Divorce Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, a spouse may petition for divorce on the no-fault ground of insupportability — meaning the marriage has become insupportable due to discord or conflict that destroys the legitimate ends of the marriage relationship. No proof of fault is required. Texas also recognizes fault-based grounds including adultery, cruelty, abandonment, felony conviction, and living apart. In a fault-based divorce, the petitioner must prove the grounds by a preponderance of the evidence. Property division in a Texas divorce is governed by Texas Family Code § 7. 001, which requires the court to divide marital property in a manner that is "just and right. " Texas is a community property state, meaning property acquired during the marriage... > Facing criminal charges in Denton County? Our Denton county criminal lawyers fight for you. Serious felonies and misdemeanors. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-16 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-lawyer/ If you've been arrested or charged with a crime in Denton County, you need an experienced criminal defense lawyer on your side immediately. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have deep roots in Denton County's courts and a track record of fighting charges at every level — from misdemeanors to serious felonies. Why Denton County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of the most decorated criminal defense firms in North Texas. The firm's criminal defense team includes three Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists — Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez — along with two Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialists: Lisa Herrick and Mike Hanson. Board certification by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization is the highest credential a Texas attorney can earn in their practice area. It requires demonstrated experience, peer evaluation, and passing a rigorous exam. The firm as a whole has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across Texas. With over 100 years of combined experience, a team of 70+ legal professionals, and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, Varghese Summersett brings serious firepower to Denton County cases. You've Seen Us On What People Charged With Crimes in Denton County Ask Us Every situation is different, but most people who call us have the same urgent questions. Here are the ones we hear most often — and the honest answers. Will I go to jail? That depends on the charge, your prior record, and the strength of the evidence. Many first-time offenders qualify for diversion programs, deferred adjudication, or probation. Even people with prior convictions have options. The key is having a lawyer who knows the Denton County system and understands how to present your case in the best possible light — from the earliest stages. What happens if I just take the plea deal the DA offers? You may be leaving a much better outcome on the table. Prosecutors make initial offers without always knowing the full picture. An experienced defense attorney can investigate, find weaknesses in the State's case, and negotiate — or take the case to trial if necessary. A conviction has consequences that follow you long after the sentence ends. Can my case be dismissed? Yes. Cases get dismissed for many reasons: insufficient evidence, constitutional violations, witness problems, lab errors, or prosecutorial discretion. The path to dismissal starts with a thorough review of every piece of the State's case. Our team examines arrest reports, body camera footage, lab results, and witness statements looking for the openings that make dismissals possible. What charges are most common in Denton County? Based on our analysis of Denton County bond data, DWI and intoxication offenses are the most frequently filed charges in the county, followed by assault, drug offenses, and theft. Our firm handles all of these. Visit our specific practice pages for Denton County DWI, drug crimes, assault, and sexual assault for charge-specific information. How Texas Criminal Law Works: What the State Must Prove The foundation of every... - Published: 2026-03-13 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/domestic-violence-lawyer/ How Does Domestic Violence Affect a Divorce in Texas? Domestic violence can be cited as a fault ground in a Texas divorce, and it has real consequences for property division, child custody, spousal maintenance, and protective orders. If you are leaving an abusive marriage, or if you have been accused of family violence, the outcome of your divorce depends heavily on how this issue is handled in court. Why the Right Attorney Matters in These Cases Domestic violence cases sit at the intersection of criminal law and family law. The attorney you choose needs to understand both. At Varghese Summersett, our family law division handles the full range of divorce and custody matters, including cases involving active protective orders, pending criminal charges, and contested custody disputes where family violence is an issue. Our team includes attorneys who are particularly passionate about advocating for survivors of domestic violence. Associate McKenzie Coe, a graduate of Texas A&M School of Law, focuses her practice on cases involving domestic violence and is known for her fierce advocacy for families in crisis. The division is led by J. Turner Thornton, a licensed mediator with extensive experience in contested divorce litigation. When family violence touches a divorce case, the stakes could not be higher. Property, children, and safety are all on the line. You deserve a team that has handled these situations before. You've Seen Us On What Questions Are People Asking? People searching for a domestic violence attorney in the context of divorce are often asking more than one question at once. They want to know if the abuse they suffered will be taken seriously in court. They want to know if a protective order will affect their custody case. And sometimes, they have been accused of violence they say did not happen, and they need to understand what that accusation could mean for their divorce. This page addresses all of those concerns. Some of the most common questions we hear: Can I use domestic violence as grounds for divorce in Texas? How does a history of family violence affect child custody? Will a protective order help me during the divorce? What if I have been falsely accused of domestic violence? Does family violence affect how property gets divided? The Legal Framework: Cruelty as Fault Grounds for Divorce Texas allows both no-fault and fault-based divorce. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 002, a court may grant a divorce in favor of a spouse who has been treated with "excesses or cruelties" that render the continuation of the marriage insupportable. Domestic violence, physical abuse, and certain forms of emotional abuse can all qualify under this standard. To obtain a fault divorce on cruelty grounds, the petitioning spouse must prove the conduct by a preponderance of the evidence, meaning it is more likely than not that the abuse occurred. The burden falls on the spouse making the allegation. Evidence typically includes police reports, medical records, photographs, witness statements, prior protective orders, and text or electronic communications. The... > Counterfeit goods are ubiquitous. Can you get in trouble for buying or selling counterfeit goods? Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2026-03-11 - Modified: 2026-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/counterfeit-goods/ You see the purse. It looks right. The stitching is clean, the hardware has weight to it, the logo is in exactly the right place. But the price makes you stop. A new bag like this should cost many times more. So you wonder: is it good enough to pass on the street? Is this one of those super fakes you've heard about? Perhaps it's a superclone watch your looking at with the same question. And then the bigger question creeps in: will the decision to look good while saving a few hundred dollars cost you something far more expensive in the long run? Will the purchase land you in hot water? If not, could reselling it in the future create a problem? For anyone selling, importing, or distributing counterfeit goods in Texas, the answer can be years in prison and a felony record. Under both Texas and federal law, trafficking in goods bearing a counterfeit trademark is a serious crime, and the penalty is tied to the retail price of the real thing, not what you sold the fake for. A box of counterfeit handbags that you moved for $50 each can be valued by prosecutors at $3,000 each. The math on that is not friendly. Facing Counterfeit Goods Charges? Experience Matters. Counterfeit goods prosecutions move fast. Law enforcement agencies, including Homeland Security Investigations, the FBI, and local task forces, frequently work together on these cases, and both state and federal charges can be filed from the same underlying conduct. That means you may be looking at two separate systems, two sets of prosecutors, and two potential sentences. Varghese Summersett has more than 100 years of combined legal experience across our team of 70-plus attorneys, investigators, and legal professionals. Our attorneys include Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, former prosecutors, and lawyers who have tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries. We handle fraud and white collar cases at both the state and federal level, and we know how these investigations are built, and how to challenge them. You've Seen Us On Where Do Counterfeit Goods Come From? Understanding the supply chain matters in these cases, both for context and for defense. The counterfeit goods trade is enormous. The OECD estimates global trade in fake goods reached $467 billion in 2021, and that figure has almost certainly grown since. U. S. Customs and Border Protection conducted more than 32,000 seizures in fiscal year 2024 alone, with a combined estimated retail value exceeding $5. 4 billion. The overwhelming majority of counterfeit goods entering the United States originate from China and Hong Kong. CBP reported that those two sources accounted for roughly 90 percent of all counterfeit seizures by value in fiscal year 2024. Manufacturing hubs in cities like Guangzhou and Shenzhen produce goods ranging from obvious fakes to near-perfect replicas, often in the same industrial districts, and sometimes in the same facilities, that produce legitimate merchandise. Turkish, Vietnamese, and other Southeast Asian manufacturing operations also contribute, particularly in apparel and... > Considering collaborative divorce in Denton County? Our Denton collaborative divorce lawyers guide you through a process built on cooperation — not conflict. Call today. - Published: 2026-03-11 - Modified: 2026-03-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-collaborative-divorce-lawyer/ What Is Collaborative Divorce in Texas? Collaborative divorce is a voluntary legal process where both spouses agree to resolve their divorce — including property division, child custody, and support — through structured negotiation instead of courtroom litigation. Each spouse retains their own attorney, and the parties commit in writing to work toward a mutual agreement without going to trial. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Team in Denton County Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division brings the resources of a 70-plus-member firm to clients across Denton County. The team is led by J. Turner Thornton, a Partner, trained mediator, and recognized family law attorney who has been named to Best Lawyers in America for Family Law and Super Lawyers Rising Star. Turner has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, custody disputes, and property division. Craig Jackson, a Partner in Varghese Summersett’s Family Law Division, is a seasoned family law attorney with nearly three decades of experience. Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization for more than 20 years, Craig is widely respected across North Texas for his deep knowledge of family law and his steady leadership in complex cases. He previously served as Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and trials. That experience from the bench gives Craig unique insight into how judges evaluate evidence, weigh testimony, and make decisions that shape families’ futures. Today, he represents clients in high-stakes divorce, custody disputes, and property division matters and is also a highly respected mediator. Dena Wilson, also a Partner, brings more than two decades of experience helping individuals and families navigate major life transitions. A seasoned trial lawyer and strategic negotiator, Dena handles a wide range of family law matters, including high-asset divorces, complex property division, and contentious custody disputes. Known for her thoughtful yet strategic approach, Dena carefully develops a legal strategy tailored to each client’s circumstances — whether that means resolving issues through negotiation or aggressively litigating in court. These three partners are rounded out by several other experienced family law attorneys who represent clients in a wide range of family law matters, including divorce, child custody disputes, enforcement actions, and post-judgment modifications. The firm's family law attorneys are skilled in both negotiation and litigation — meaning they can guide you through a collaborative process while being fully prepared to protect your interests if circumstances change. If you are considering a divorce in Denton and want to explore a more cooperative path, speak with our team today. You've Seen Us On Who Should Consider Collaborative Divorce? Collaborative divorce works best when both spouses are willing to communicate honestly and put the needs of their family above the desire to "win" in court. It is especially well-suited for couples with children, significant assets to divide, or ongoing business or professional relationships that require a working relationship after the divorce. It is not the right fit for every situation. Collaborative divorce is generally... > Denton fathers' rights attorney Craig Jackson and the Varghese Summersett team fight for dads in custody, divorce, and visitation cases. Call (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-03-11 - Modified: 2026-03-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-fathers-rights-lawyer/ Texas law gives fathers the same legal rights as mothers — and a dedicated Denton fathers' rights lawyer can help you enforce those rights in court, from custody and visitation to paternity and child support. Denton County Fathers' Rights Attorneys Who Fight for Dads Fathers navigating the Texas family court system often feel like the odds are stacked against them. The truth is that Texas law does not favor mothers over fathers — but winning fair treatment still requires skilled, aggressive advocacy. That is exactly what Varghese Summersett delivers. Our family law team serves fathers throughout Denton County, including Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, Highland Village, and the surrounding communities. Attorney Craig Jackson focuses on fathers' rights cases and works to protect dads' relationships with their children at every stage of the process — whether you are going through a divorce, fighting for custody, or trying to establish paternity. He is a Board Certified family lawyer, a former judge, an experienced trial attorney and a trained mediator — who better to have on your side? Varghese Summersett's family law division brings a team of more than 70 professionals, four offices across Texas, and a track record built case by case. We fight to make sure fathers get a fair shot in court. You've Seen Us On What Are Fathers' Rights in Texas? Many fathers come to us with the same question: do I actually have rights? The answer is yes — and Texas law is clear about it. Under the Texas Family Code § 151. 001, both parents have equal legal rights and duties to their children, regardless of marital status. A mother has no automatic legal advantage over a father in a custody or conservatorship proceeding. What matters is the best interest of the child — and courts look at a wide range of factors to determine it. Fathers' rights in Texas typically involve five core areas: Conservatorship — the legal right to make decisions about your child's education, healthcare, and religion Possession and access — the schedule that governs when you have physical time with your child Child support — your obligation to pay, and your right to a fair calculation based on actual income Paternity — establishing your legal status as a father if you were not married to the mother Modification and enforcement — changing existing orders when circumstances change or enforcing orders the other parent is violating If you are facing a custody dispute, divorce, or paternity matter in Denton County, an attorney who understands how local judges approach these cases can make a significant difference in the outcome. The Legal Framework: What Texas Law Says About Fathers Texas courts do not approach custody and conservatorship cases with a presumption that mothers are better parents. Under Texas Family Code § 153. 002, the best interest of the child is the primary consideration in all custody determinations — and both parents stand on equal legal footing from the start. Under Texas Family Code § 153. 131, there... > Texas grandparents have real but limited rights to visitation and custody. A Denton granparent rights lawyer can help you fight for time with your grandchildren. - Published: 2026-03-11 - Modified: 2026-03-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-grandparent-rights-lawyer/ In Texas, grandparents can go to court to seek visitation or even custody of their grandchildren — but the legal bar is high, and you must meet specific requirements before a judge will even consider your case. Grandparent Rights in Denton County: What You're Up Against Texas law takes parental rights seriously. The courts start from the position that a fit parent has the right to decide who sees their child and when. That doesn't mean grandparents have no options — it means you need an attorney who understands exactly how to build a case that can overcome that presumption. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team has handled grandparent rights cases across North Texas for years. Our attorneys have been recognized by Best Lawyers in America, named Super Lawyers, and have earned top attorney honors in regional publications year after year. The firm's 70+ member team operates out of four offices, including a Southlake location that serves families throughout Denton County. We handle hundreds of family law matters and approach every case — including grandparent access disputes — with the same thorough preparation and fierce advocacy we bring to every client. You've Seen Us On When Can Grandparents Seek Visitation in Texas? Many grandparents are surprised to learn that love and closeness with a grandchild are not enough to get them into court. Texas requires grandparents to meet specific legal thresholds before a judge will hear a petition for access or custody. Understanding those thresholds is the first step. Standing to File a Grandparent Visitation Suit Under Texas Family Code § 153. 432, a grandparent may file suit for court-ordered visitation (called "possession or access") if at least one of the following conditions is met: The child's parent has been incarcerated, found incompetent, or died The child's parents are divorced or in the process of divorcing The grandparent's own child — the parent of the grandchild — has been found by a court to have committed family violence The grandchild has lived with the grandparent for at least six months within the 24 months before the petition was filed Meeting one of these thresholds only gets you in the door. You then have to prove the merits of your claim. The Constitutional Barrier: Overcoming the Parental Presumption Under Texas Family Code § 153. 433, a court may order grandparent visitation only if the grandparent proves — by a preponderance of the evidence — that denial of access would significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional well-being. This is a demanding standard. It exists because of the U. S. Supreme Court's ruling in Troxel v. Granville, which recognized that fit parents have a constitutionally protected right to make decisions about their children's upbringing. Texas courts apply that principle directly. A grandparent cannot simply argue that visits would be good for the child or that they have a close relationship. The law requires proof that denying access would cause significant harm. The burden falls on the grandparent as the petitioning... > Spousal support in Denton County? Our family law attorneys fight for fair outcomes. Call Varghese Summersett to schedule a consultation with a Denton spousal support lawyer. - Published: 2026-03-11 - Modified: 2026-03-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-spousal-support-lawyer/ In Texas, spousal support — called spousal maintenance — is only available in specific circumstances, and the amount and duration are strictly limited by law. If you are going through a divorce in Denton County and spousal support is on the table, knowing the rules before you go to court can make a significant difference in your outcome. Why Varghese Summersett for Spousal Support in Denton County Spousal support — whether temporary spousal support during a divorce or post-divorce spousal maintenance — can be one of the most contested and financially significant issues in a family law case. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County family law attorneys understand that these decisions can have long-term consequences for both parties. Our team takes a strategic, evidence-based approach to spousal support issues, carefully analyzing the financial circumstances of each spouse, the length of the marriage, earning capacity, and the legal factors that Texas courts consider when determining eligibility and amount. With decades of combined experience, our attorneys have successfully represented both spouses seeking support and those contesting it. We know how to build persuasive arguments supported by financial documentation, expert analysis, and a deep understanding of Texas family law statutes. Whether negotiating a fair agreement outside the courtroom or advocating aggressively at a contested hearing or trial, our team is focused on achieving outcomes that are both legally sound and financially realistic. As a full-service law firm with more than 70 professionals, Varghese Summersett offers clients the resources of a large firm combined with the personalized attention family law cases require. Our attorneys take the time to understand each client’s financial picture, long-term goals, and concerns about the future. This thoughtful approach allows us to develop tailored strategies that protect our clients’ interests while positioning them for stability and success in the next chapter of their lives. You've Seen Us On What Is Spousal Maintenance in Texas? Texas does not use the term "alimony" in its statutes. The law recognizes two distinct types of post-divorce support: court-ordered spousal maintenance and contractual alimony. The difference matters more than most people realize. Court-ordered spousal maintenance is governed by Texas Family Code Chapter 8. A court can only order it when the requesting spouse meets strict legal requirements. Contractual alimony, by contrast, is an agreement between the divorcing spouses — it is not limited by the same statutory caps and can be structured however both parties agree. Many people going through divorce in Denton County assume they will automatically receive — or automatically have to pay — spousal support. That assumption is wrong in both directions. Texas courts rarely order spousal maintenance, and when they do, the amounts and time limits are narrower than most people expect. Negotiated contractual alimony gives the parties more flexibility. Who Qualifies for Spousal Maintenance in Texas Under Texas Family Code § 8. 051, a spouse seeking court-ordered maintenance must first show they lack sufficient property to provide for their own minimum reasonable needs after divorce. That threshold alone is not... > Circumstances change. Your custody order can, too. Our Denton custody modification lawyers help parents request changes when life, schedules or a child’s needs evolve. - Published: 2026-03-09 - Modified: 2026-03-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-custody-modification-lawyer/ To modify a custody order in Texas, you must show the court that circumstances have materially and substantially changed since the original order was signed and that the modification is in your child's best interest. Both requirements must be met — one without the other is not enough. Denton County's Choice for Custody Modification Life rarely stays the same after a custody order is signed. A parent relocates. A child's needs shift. A co-parent remarries, loses a job, or develops a problem. The courts understand this — and Texas law gives parents a path to revisit custody arrangements when circumstances genuinely demand it. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division has guided hundreds of parents through the modification process, helping them pursue custody arrangements that better reflect their child’s needs and their family’s reality. You've Seen Us On What Parents Ask Us About Custody Modification in Denton When parents call our Denton office, they often have the same core questions: Do I qualify to modify? How long will it take? What if my ex refuses to cooperate? Can my child have a say? These are the right questions. The answers depend on the specific facts of your case, the current order, and the evidence you can bring to court. This page breaks down the legal framework, the process, and what to realistically expect when you pursue a modification in Denton County. If your child is in immediate danger, the process is different — courts can issue emergency custody changes quickly. Learn more about emergency custody orders in Texas. The Legal Framework: What Texas Law Requires Under Texas Family Code § 156. 101, a court may modify a conservatorship order if two conditions are both satisfied: The modification is in the best interest of the child, as defined under Texas Family Code § 153. 002. At least one of the following is true: The circumstances of the child, a conservator, or another affected party have materially and substantially changed since the original order was signed (or since the date of a mediated or collaborative settlement agreement). The child is at least 12 years old and has expressed a preference to the court in chambers regarding primary residence. The conservator with the right to designate primary residence has voluntarily given up primary care and possession of the child to another person for at least six months. The burden is on the parent seeking modification. The standard of proof is preponderance of the evidence — meaning it is more likely than not that the required conditions exist. This is not a low bar. Texas courts presume existing orders should be honored. The legislature built this threshold deliberately, to prevent custody disputes from being relitigated every time one parent is unhappy. You need real, documented change — not just disagreement with the original arrangement. What Counts as a Material and Substantial Change? The statute does not define "material and substantial change" with a checklist. Courts look at the facts of each case. Over time, Texas courts... > Need a Denton paternity lawyer? Varghese Summersett helps fathers and mothers establish legal parentage, custody, and support. Call (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-03-09 - Modified: 2026-03-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-paternity-lawyer/ Establishing paternity in Texas legally identifies a child’s father and creates enforceable rights and responsibilities for both parents— including custody, visitation, and child support. Whether you are a father seeking to establish your parental rights, a mother pursuing support, or someone challenging a paternity presumption, an experienced Denton paternity lawyer can protect your rights and your child's future. Experienced Paternity Attorneys Serving Denton County Paternity cases in Texas touch every part of a parent-child relationship — from a father's right to be in his child's life to a mother's ability to secure financial support. At Varghese Summersett, our Family Law Division has guided hundreds of families through these deeply personal legal matters with skill and compassion. The firm as a whole brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience across four Texas offices and a team of more than 70 members. If you need a paternity lawyer in Denton County, our team is ready to help you navigate the process and protect your rights. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Paternity in Texas Paternity cases rarely look the same. Some involve a father who wants legal recognition of his child. Others involve a mother seeking child support from a man who refuses to acknowledge parentage. Still others involve a presumed father — such as a husband — who wants to disprove a biological connection. Here are the most common situations our Denton County clients face. What happens if a father is not on the birth certificate? Without legal paternity, an unmarried father has no enforceable right to custody or visitation under Texas law — regardless of his biological connection to the child. He cannot be required to pay child support either. Establishing paternity through a legal acknowledgment or a court order is the essential first step for both parents to have rights and responsibilities recognized under Texas law. Learn more about paternity in Texas. Can paternity be established without going to court? Yes. If both parents agree, they may sign an Acknowledgment of Paternity (AOP) at the hospital after birth or at a later date. Once signed and filed with the Texas Vital Statistics Unit, an AOP is legally binding and has the same effect as a court order. However, once signed, it can only be challenged within a limited time window and under narrow circumstances. What if I need to contest or disprove paternity? A man presumed to be a child's father — whether by marriage, living arrangement, or a signed AOP — may seek to challenge that presumption through genetic testing and a court proceeding. Time limits apply, and courts will also weigh the best interest of the child. An attorney's guidance is especially important in these situations because acting too late can permanently close the door to challenging paternity. Does establishing paternity automatically create custody or support orders? No. Establishing legal parentage is separate from obtaining a custody order or child support order. Once paternity is established, either parent may file a Suit Affecting the... > Protect your assets before you marry. The Denton prenuptial agreement lawyers at Varghese Summersett help couples build a solid legal foundation. - Published: 2026-03-09 - Modified: 2026-03-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-prenuptial-agreement-lawyer/ A prenuptial agreement in Texas is a written contract signed before marriage that decides in advance how property, debts, and financial rights will be handled if the marriage ends. A valid prenup gives both spouses certainty and protects what each person brings to the marriage. Denton County Prenuptial Agreement Attorneys Who Understand What's at Stake Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division serves clients throughout Denton County from attorneys who understand both the legal and personal weight of these agreements. We help couples craft clear, enforceable prenuptial agreements that protect their interests and provide peace of mind for the future. Thinking about a prenuptial agreement in Denton County? Reach out to our team at (940) 252-2220 to schedule a consultation. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Prenuptial Agreements in Texas Is a prenuptial agreement a sign of distrust? Many couples see a prenup as the opposite of distrust. It requires both people to have honest, upfront conversations about finances, property, and expectations before the wedding. That transparency can actually strengthen a relationship. Can a prenuptial agreement cover anything? A prenuptial agreement has wide reach — but not unlimited reach. Texas law allows couples to address property rights, spousal support, and financial obligations. However, a prenup cannot determine child custody or child support in advance. Courts decide those issues based on the child's best interest at the time of any future dispute. What if we never divorce? Is the prenup wasted? Not at all. A prenuptial agreement also functions as estate planning guidance. It can clarify which property passes to children from a prior relationship, protect a family business, or preserve an inheritance. If the marriage lasts a lifetime, the agreement simply never needs to be used — but it provided certainty all along. Do both spouses need separate attorneys? Texas law does not require each spouse to have independent counsel, but it is strongly advisable. Having separate attorneys helps demonstrate that both parties entered the agreement voluntarily and with full understanding — two of the core legal requirements for enforceability. What Texas Law Says About Prenuptial Agreements Prenuptial agreements in Texas are governed by Chapter 4 of the Texas Family Code, specifically the Uniform Premarital Agreement Act. Under Texas Family Code § 4. 002, a premarital agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties. No consideration — meaning nothing of monetary value — needs to change hands to make the agreement binding. The agreement takes effect the moment the couple gets married. What Can a Prenuptial Agreement Include? Under Texas Family Code § 4. 003, the parties to a premarital agreement may contract with respect to: The rights and obligations of each party in any property either or both of them own or may acquire The right to buy, sell, use, transfer, or otherwise manage and control property The disposition of property upon separation, divorce, death, or the occurrence of any other event The modification or elimination of spousal support The making of a will, trust, or other arrangement... > Charged with family violence in Fort Bend County? Our defense attorneys include a former Family Violence Unit chief. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-09 - Modified: 2026-03-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/family-violence/ A family violence charge in Fort Bend County carries consequences that extend well beyond jail time. A conviction, or even a deferred adjudication, can affect your firearm rights, your immigration status, your custody case, and your career. If you've been arrested, the decisions you make in the next 48 hours matter enormously. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Family Violence Defense Varghese Summersett is one of the few criminal defense firms in Texas with a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist who previously served as Chief of the Family Violence Unit. Letty Martinez spent over 20 years as a prosecutor with the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, leading both the Family Violence Unit and the Crimes Against Children Unit, before dedicating her career to defense. She has tried over 100 cases and brings a rare, inside understanding of exactly how these cases are built and where they can be challenged. Our Houston-area team is led by Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel and area lead, who served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. He is Board Certified in Juvenile Law (2025) and has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. He continues to serve in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps. The firm brings more than 100 years of combined experience, a team of over 70 professionals, and a track record that includes 1,600+ dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. When a family violence charge threatens everything you've built, you deserve attorneys who have seen these cases from both sides of the courtroom. You've Seen Us On What Is Family Violence Under Texas Law? Texas defines family violence broadly. Under Texas Family Code § 71. 004, family violence means an act by a member of a family or household against another member of the family or household that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault, or that is a threat that reasonably places the member in fear of imminent physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault. The term "family or household member" under Texas Family Code § 71. 003 includes spouses and former spouses, parents of the same child regardless of marital status, foster parents and foster children, and individuals who currently live together or have lived together in the past as a couple. Dating partners and former dating partners are also covered under the statute. In a criminal prosecution, the most common charge arising from a family violence incident is Assault Family Violence under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01. To secure a conviction, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury to a family or household member, or intentionally or knowingly threatened a family member with imminent bodily injury. The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You have no obligation to prove innocence. Levels of Family Violence Charges in Texas Family violence charges span a wide range of severity depending on the facts, the... > Charged with drug possession in Fort Bend County? Our attorneys know how the DA's office operates and fight to protect your future. Call (281) 805-2220. - Published: 2026-03-09 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/possession-of-controlled-substance/ A possession of a controlled substance charge in Fort Bend County can carry serious consequences, including prison time, a permanent felony record, and collateral damage to your career, housing, and immigration status. The charge you face depends on what substance was found and how much of it. The outcome depends on who represents you. Why Varghese Summersett for Fort Bend Drug Charges Varghese Summersett has a dedicated team serving Fort Bend County and the surrounding Houston area, led by Senior Counsel Mike Hanson. Mike is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization (2025) and brings over a decade of experience as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and criminal defense attorney. Before defending clients, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Fort Bend County and Tarrant County, meaning he knows exactly how Fort Bend prosecutors think, what they prioritize, and where they may be persuaded to reduce or dismiss charges. Mike has tried more than 60 cases before a jury and continues to serve as a Judge Advocate in the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps. His dual perspective as a former Fort Bend County ADA and a seasoned defense attorney makes him uniquely effective in this jurisdiction. Across all practice areas and locations, Varghese Summersett has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions. The firm's 70-plus person team includes five Board Certified attorneys and carries more than 100 years of combined legal experience. When you are facing a drug charge that could follow you for the rest of your life, that depth of experience matters. Call for Free Consultation Send Us a Message You've Seen Us On What Is Possession of a Controlled Substance in Texas? Under Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 115, it is a crime to knowingly or intentionally possess a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1 or 1-B without a valid prescription. Similar provisions cover Penalty Groups 1-A, 2, 2-A, 3, and 4 under §§ 481. 1151, 481. 116, 481. 1161, 481. 117, and 481. 118. Texas classifies controlled substances into penalty groups based on their danger and potential for abuse. The group a substance falls into, combined with the amount found, determines what charge you face and how severe the punishment range is. A brief overview of each group: Penalty Group 1: Cocaine, crack, heroin, methamphetamine, ketamine, GHB, fentanyl, oxycodone, methadone, and opium Penalty Group 1-A: LSD (measured by dose unit, not weight) Penalty Group 1-B: Fentanyl and its derivatives and analogs Penalty Group 2: MDMA, PCP, psilocybin mushrooms, mescaline, Adderall, and THC concentrate (vape cartridges, wax, edibles) Penalty Group 2-A: Synthetic marijuana such as Spice and K2 Penalty Group 3: Xanax, Valium, Ritalin, clonazepam, lorazepam, zolpidem, testosterone, and HGH Penalty Group 4: Prescription compounds containing codeine or morphine that have recognized medical use To convict you of possession, the State must prove each of the following beyond a reasonable doubt: You exercised care, custody, control, or management over the substance You knew the... > Accused of Denton County criminal mischief? Find out the law, penalties and possible defenses. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-04 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/criminal-mischief/ Criminal mischief in Texas means intentionally or knowingly damaging, destroying, or tampering with someone else's property without their consent. In Denton County, charges range from a Class C misdemeanor for minor damage all the way to a first-degree felony if the loss is $300,000 or more. Why Your Attorney Choice Matters in Denton County Varghese Summersett has been defending people across North Texas for over a decade. The firm has more than 100 years of combined experience, five Board Certified attorneys, and a team of 70+ legal professionals. Founders Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett are both Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — a distinction held by fewer than one percent of Texas lawyers. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions in criminal cases. Varghese Summersett has been featured in major media outlets and maintains offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Criminal Mischief Charges People facing these charges often want to know how serious the situation really is, whether they can avoid a permanent record, and what happens next. The answer depends heavily on the dollar value of the damage alleged — which is why prosecutors sometimes try to inflate that number. It also depends on whether special circumstances apply, like damage to a school or a place of worship, which can push the charge into a higher category. Related charges sometimes filed alongside criminal mischief include graffiti under Texas Penal Code § 28. 08 and criminal trespass. If you have been charged with one or more of these offenses, the facts matter, the valuations matter, and your attorney's experience with Denton County courts matters. What Is Criminal Mischief Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 28. 03, a person commits criminal mischief if they intentionally or knowingly do any of the following without the owner's effective consent: Damage or destroy the tangible property of another person Tamper with the tangible property of another person and cause pecuniary loss or substantial inconvenience to the owner or a third person Make markings, inscriptions, slogans, drawings, or paintings on the tangible property of another person The key word throughout is intentionally or knowingly. Accidental damage is not criminal mischief. The State must prove the defendant acted with a culpable mental state, not that something unfortunate happened. What the Prosecution Must Prove To convict someone of criminal mischief in Denton County, the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in the legal system: The defendant acted intentionally or knowingly (not accidentally or negligently) The defendant damaged, destroyed, or tampered with tangible property, or made markings on it The property belonged to another person or entity The defendant acted without the owner's effective consent The pecuniary loss amount meets the threshold for the charged offense level The burden of proof rests entirely on the State of Texas. The defendant has no obligation to... > Denton child support enforcement lawyers helping parents recover unpaid child support, enforce court orders, and secure financial support for their children. - Published: 2026-03-04 - Modified: 2026-03-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-child-support-enforcement/ If the other parent is not paying court-ordered child support in Denton County, you do not have to wait and hope the money shows up. Texas law gives courts powerful tools to force payment — including wage garnishment, license suspension, and jail time — and an experienced Denton child support enforcement lawyer can help you recover the support your child is owed. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Team Serves Denton County Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division brings together attorneys with decades of combined experience handling child support enforcement cases across North Texas, including Denton County. The team is led by J. Turner Thornton, a Partner who has guided hundreds of families through contested family law matters and is recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law. Partners Craig Jackson and Dena L. Wilson bring more than two decades of family law experience to the table, with a track record that includes high-stakes custody battles and complex enforcement proceedings. The firm has four offices across Texas — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — and a team of more than 70 professionals. Whether you are a custodial parent trying to collect past-due support or a paying parent facing a contempt motion, our attorneys know the Denton County courts and how enforcement cases actually unfold inside them. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Child Support Enforcement in Denton County People searching for help with enforcement often want to know: What happens if my ex refuses to pay? Can they go to jail? How do I report non-payment to the court? Can the state help me collect, or do I need my own attorney? These are all valid concerns, and the answers depend on the specific circumstances of your case. Some parents turn to the Texas Attorney General's Child Support Division for help. The OAG can pursue enforcement through administrative means, but it represents the State of Texas — not you personally. Hiring a private family law attorney means someone is advocating solely for your family's interests, moving faster, and pursuing a broader range of remedies than the OAG typically uses. If you are the parent being accused of non-payment, the stakes are just as high. A contempt finding can mean jail time, and you need to understand your rights before you walk into a Denton County courtroom. The Legal Framework for Child Support Enforcement in Texas Under Texas Family Code § 154. 001, every parent has a legal duty to support their child. When a court orders a specific amount, that order is enforceable — and the failure to pay is taken seriously by Texas courts. Enforcement proceedings are governed primarily by Texas Family Code Chapter 157. Under § 157. 002, a party seeking enforcement files a motion identifying each specific payment that was missed and the amount owed. The court then holds an enforcement hearing. What the Petitioner Must Establish The parent seeking enforcement must prove the following by a preponderance of the evidence — meaning it is more likely... > When spouses can't agree, a judge decides. Varghese Summersett's Denton contested divorce lawyers fight for what matters most to you. Call to schedule a consultation. - Published: 2026-03-04 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-contested-divorce-lawyer/ A contested divorce in Denton County means you and your spouse cannot agree on major issues, and a judge will may have to decide those issues for you. That outcome will shape your finances, your custody arrangement, and your daily life for years. You need an attorney who knows how to fight for the right result in Denton County's courtrooms before a judge makes that decision for you. Experienced Denton Contested Divorce Lawyers Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division is led by Partner Turner Thornton, a licensed mediator and formidable litigator recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law. He has guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, custody battles, and complex property matters in North Texas courts. Also on the team are Partners Craig Jackson and Dena L. Wilson, the most seasoned family law attorneys in the firm. With more than 20 years of experience handling high-net-worth divorces, contentious custody disputes, and intricate property divisions, they are skilled in cases that require sharp legal thinking and creative problem-solving. The firm as a whole employs more than 70 people across four Texas offices, with Denton County clients served from the firm's Southlake location. Together, the team brings deep trial experience, strategic insight, and a commitment to guiding clients through some of life’s most challenging legal disputes. You've Seen Us On What Makes a Divorce "Contested"? A divorce becomes contested when spouses cannot agree on at least one significant issue. The disagreement doesn't have to be about everything. A couple might agree on custody but fight bitterly over who keeps the family home. Or they may agree on property but disagree over whether fault grounds exist that should affect the outcome. Common contested issues in Denton County divorces include: Division of the marital home, retirement accounts, and investment portfolios Who has the right to make decisions for the children (conservatorship) The primary possession schedule and where the children will primarily live Spousal maintenance (what Texas calls alimony) Division of a business or professional practice Allegations of fault, including adultery or cruelty Hidden or dissipated assets If you and your spouse cannot resolve these issues through negotiation or mediation, your case will go to trial in front of a Denton County district court judge. Learn more about how contested and uncontested divorces compare in Texas before deciding how to proceed. The Legal Framework for a Contested Divorce in Texas Texas divorce law is primarily governed by the Texas Family Code. Understanding the legal foundation of your case helps you make better decisions from day one. Grounds for Divorce Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, either spouse may seek divorce based on insupportability, meaning the marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict of personalities. This is Texas's no-fault ground. No one has to prove wrongdoing, and there is no burden of proof for the petitioning spouse beyond showing that the conflict has destroyed the legitimate purposes of the marriage. Texas also allows fault-based grounds, including: Cruelty (FC § 6.... > Facing a Denton County burglary charge? Varghese Summersett delivers strategic, aggressive defense. Free, confidential consultation. - Published: 2026-03-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/burglary/ A burglary charge in Denton County is a felony that can carry years in prison and a permanent mark on your record. The severity depends on what was entered — a home, a business, or a vehicle — and what you are alleged to have done inside. If you are facing a burglary charge, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney in your corner immediately. Why Denton County Defendants Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of the most recognized criminal defense firms in North Texas, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Our team — more than 70 legal professionals strong — handles criminal cases across Denton County every week, appearing regularly in court. The firm includes multiple board-certified criminal law specialists — a designation earned by fewer than one percent of Texas attorneys. Our attorneys have tried hundreds of cases before Texas juries, including burglary, robbery, and other serious felonies. As a firm, we have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions across our criminal defense practice. When the stakes are this high, experience matters. You've Seen Us On Common Questions About Burglary Charges in Denton County People charged with burglary in Denton County often have the same urgent questions. Can this be dismissed? Does intent matter? What is the difference between burglary of a habitation and burglary of a vehicle? These are all valid concerns, and the answers can significantly affect how your case is handled. One of the most important things to understand is that burglary does not require a break-in. You do not have to force entry. Under Texas law, simply entering a structure or vehicle without consent — and with the intent to commit a theft or felony — is enough. This surprises many people who believe they have to actually steal something to be convicted. Another common concern is whether a prior criminal record will affect the charge. In some cases, prior convictions for burglary of a vehicle can elevate the offense from a Class A misdemeanor to a state jail felony. Your attorney needs to review your complete history before advising you on how to proceed. What Texas Law Says About Burglary Burglary is defined under Texas Penal Code § 30. 02. A person commits burglary if, without the effective consent of the owner, the person enters a habitation or building not open to the public with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault — or if the person remains concealed in such a place with that intent — or if the person actually enters and commits or attempts to commit a felony, theft, or assault inside. Burglary of a vehicle is defined separately under Texas Penal Code § 30. 04. That statute makes it an offense to break into or enter a vehicle or part of a vehicle without the effective consent of the owner, with the intent to commit a felony or theft. What the Prosecution Must Prove The burden of proof... > Facing Denton County robbery charges? Varghese Summersett provides aggressive, strategic defense to protect your future and freedom. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/robbery/ Robbery is a serious felony in Texas. A conviction can carry years in state prison and follow you for life. If you or someone you love has been arrested for robbery in Denton County, the time to act is now. Why Denton County Defendants Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most decorated criminal defense firms, with four offices across the state and a team of more than 70 attorneys and legal professionals. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients facing serious criminal charges. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett include former prosecutors who spent years working inside the Texas court system before switching sides. That insider experience matters when your case is heading to a Denton County district court. The firm combines over 100 years of combined legal experience with a deep understanding of how Denton County prosecutors and judges approach violent felony cases. Robbery charges can result in decades in prison. Getting the right team in your corner from day one is the difference that matters most. You've Seen Us On What Is Robbery in Texas? People often confuse robbery with theft or burglary. They are not the same. Robbery involves taking property from another person using force, violence, or the threat of bodily injury. Theft does not require any contact or threat; robbery always does. You can read more about the difference between robbery and burglary on our blog. Robbery does not require a weapon. A shove, a threat, or even placing someone in fear of injury during a theft can be enough for the State to file robbery charges. Texas Robbery Laws: What the State Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 29. 02, a person commits robbery if, while in the course of committing theft and with intent to obtain or maintain control of property, the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, or intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. To convict someone of robbery, the State must prove every one of these elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant was in the course of committing theft (taking or attempting to take property with intent to deprive the owner of it) The defendant intended to obtain or maintain control of that property During that theft, the defendant either caused bodily injury to another person OR intentionally or knowingly threatened or placed another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death The burden of proof is entirely on the State. The defendant does not have to prove anything or explain their innocence. If the prosecution cannot establish every element beyond a reasonable doubt, the jury must return a not guilty verdict. Aggravated Robbery: A Step Above Under Texas Penal Code § 29. 03, aggravated robbery occurs when a person commits robbery and additionally causes serious bodily injury to another, uses or exhibits a deadly weapon, or causes bodily injury to or threatens a person who... > Charged with Denton County shoptlifting? Varghese Summersett provides strategic defense to protect your record and future. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/shoplifting/ Shoplifting in Denton County is a criminal charge — not just a store policy violation. Even a first-time offense can result in a permanent criminal record, fines, and in some cases, jail time. The good news: charges like these can often be reduced or dismissed with the right legal representation. Why the Right Defense Attorney Matters in Denton County Varghese Summersett is a top-rated Texas criminal defense firm with a track record built on real results. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions across Texas. With more than 100 years of combined legal experience, a team of 70+ legal professionals, and four offices — including locations convenient to Denton County — the firm brings serious firepower to every case, no matter the charge level. The firm also includes five board-certified attorneys — a designation earned by fewer than one percent of Texas lawyers — including Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez, as well as Board Certified Juvenile Lawyers Lisa Herrick and Mike Hanson. When your record is on the line, experience and credentials matter. Varghese Summersett has been featured in major media outlets and recognized with top awards across the industry. If you've been charged with shoplifting anywhere in Denton County, reach out any time — day or night. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Shoplifting Arrest Most people charged with shoplifting in Denton County have never been in trouble before. The arrest can feel overwhelming, and the questions come fast. Will this show up on a background check? The answer is yes — unless your case is dismissed, reduced, or you qualify for an expunction or nondisclosure. Will you go to jail? For a first offense involving a small amount, jail is unlikely but not impossible. Can the charge follow you to your job, housing application, or professional license? Absolutely — which is exactly why how you respond to the charge matters more than many people realize. If your child was caught shoplifting, the stakes are different but no less serious. Juvenile cases go through a separate court process, and early intervention by a skilled attorney can make a significant difference in the outcome. You can learn more on our juvenile shoplifting defense page. And if the arrest involved a self-checkout kiosk, retailers have become increasingly aggressive about prosecuting those cases. Our page on self-checkout theft in Texas breaks down how those charges work and what defenses apply. What Texas Law Says About Shoplifting Texas doesn't have a separate "shoplifting" statute. Shoplifting is charged under the general theft law, Texas Penal Code § 31. 03. The law defines theft as unlawfully taking property with the intent to deprive the owner of it. When the property is taken from a retail store, it's commonly called shoplifting — but it's prosecuted the same as any other theft charge. For retail-specific conduct, Texas also has Texas Penal Code § 31. 16, which covers organized retail theft — a... > Facing Denton County burglary habitation charges? This is a serious felony. Our experienced defense team fights for you. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/burglary-habitation/ Burglary of a habitation is a serious felony charge in Texas. A conviction can mean years — sometimes decades — in prison, a permanent felony record, and consequences that follow you for life. If you or a loved one was arrested for burglary habitation in Denton County, the time to act is now. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Denton County Defense Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined experience across a team of 70+ legal professionals and four offices — including one serving Denton County clients. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across North Texas. Our criminal defense team includes attorneys with decades of prosecution experience who know exactly how the other side builds these cases. Our Denton County criminal defense team also appears regularly in major media outlets and has been recognized year after year in Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and Fort Worth Magazine's Top Attorneys list. When a burglary of habitation charge threatens your freedom, experience matters. You've Seen Us On What Is Burglary of Habitation in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 30. 02, a person commits burglary of habitation if they enter a habitation — a structure used as a dwelling, including a house, apartment, or other place where someone lives — without the owner's consent and with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault inside. A person is also guilty if they enter without consent and actually commit or attempt to commit one of those offenses. Under the law, "enter" includes partial entry — even reaching an arm or tool through a window counts. A "habitation" includes the main structure as well as attached structures like garages or attached porches used as part of the dwelling. What the Prosecution Must Prove To convict someone of burglary of habitation, the State must prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden of proof is entirely on the prosecution — the defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. The elements are: The defendant entered a habitation The entry was without the effective consent of the owner The defendant entered with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault — OR entered and committed or attempted to commit such an offense "Intent" is often the heart of these cases. The State must show what was in the defendant's mind at the moment of entry, and that is frequently challenged by an experienced defense attorney. Punishment for Burglary of Habitation in Denton County The punishment range depends on the specific circumstances of the charge. Second-degree felony (basic burglary of habitation, § 30. 02(c)(2)): 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and a fine up to $10,000 First-degree felony (burglary of habitation with intent to commit another felony, or if someone was present, § 30. 02(d)): 5 to 99 years or life in prison and a fine up to $10,000 A... > Charged with Denton County burglary of a vehicle? Our criminal defense attorneys fight to protect your record. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-03-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/burglary-vehicle/ Burglary of a vehicle in Texas is a Class A misdemeanor that can become a felony if you have a prior conviction — and a conviction stays on your record permanently unless you take action. If you are facing this charge in Denton County, the time to act is now. Why Your Choice of Attorney Matters in Denton County Varghese Summersett is one of the most decorated criminal defense firms in Texas. With more than 100 years of combined experience across a team of 70-plus legal professionals — and four offices serving Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake — the firm has the depth and resources to handle everything from first-time misdemeanors to serious felony charges. The firm's track record includes more than 1,600 dismissals and 800-plus charge reductions. Five attorneys hold board certifications from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — a credential fewer than 2% of Texas lawyers earn. When a charge like this threatens your freedom and your future, you deserve attorneys who know the law and have the experience to build a strategic defense, challenge the prosecution’s case, and fight for the best possible outcome. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Burglary of a Vehicle in Texas? People are sometimes surprised to learn that you do not have to steal anything to be charged with this offense. You do not even need to break a window. The law is broader than most people realize. Under Texas Penal Code § 30. 04, a person commits burglary of a vehicle if they break into or enter a vehicle or any part of a vehicle with the intent to commit any felony or theft. "Breaking into" under this statute can mean entering through an unlocked door. You do not have to force your way in — simply opening the door with intent to steal is enough. The law applies broadly. It covers cars, trucks, motorcycles, aircraft, watercraft, and even trailers. If someone reaches through an open window to grab a bag, that could qualify. Courts look at the totality of the circumstances when evaluating intent. What Must the State Prove? The prosecution must prove every element of this offense beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in the law. The burden rests entirely on the State; you are not required to prove your innocence or explain anything. To secure a conviction, prosecutors must establish all of the following: You broke into or entered a vehicle (or any part of a vehicle) The vehicle belonged to another person You did so with the intent to commit a felony or theft inside The intent element is often the most contested. If the prosecution cannot prove what you intended when you entered the vehicle, the charge cannot stand. How Is "Breaking Into" Defined? Under § 30. 04, "break into" means entering the vehicle through a closed, but not necessarily locked, opening. In practice, this means even turning a door handle on an unlocked car and opening it qualifies as "breaking... > Charged with aggravated robbery in Denton County? Our defense team fights first-degree felony charges. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-27 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/aggravated-robbery/ Aggravated robbery is a first-degree felony in Texas — one of the most serious charges a person can face. A conviction carries a prison sentence of 5 to 99 years or life, a fine of up to $10,000, and lifelong consequences that follow you long after release. If you or someone you love has been charged with aggravated robbery in Denton County, the time to act is now. Experienced Denton County Aggravated Robbery Defense Varghese Summersett is one of the most recognized criminal defense firms in North Texas, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake — and a dedicated team serving clients throughout Denton County. Our criminal defense attorneys include five attorneys who are Board Certified - the highest designation an attorney can reach. Our firm of 70+ legal professionals has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. We have appeared in media across the country, and our trial attorneys bring former prosecutorial experience directly to your defense — including attorneys who have handled violent felony cases from both sides of the courtroom. Our Denton County defense lawyers are ready to fight for you. You've Seen Us On What Questions Do People Have After an Aggravated Robbery Arrest? Being charged with aggravated robbery raises urgent, frightening questions. People want to know what this charge really means, how it differs from simple robbery, whether they're looking at life in prison, and what their options are. Others want to know if the charges can be reduced or dismissed. These are all fair questions — and we want to give you real answers. Many people also wonder about the difference between robbery and burglary. Robbery involves taking property directly from a person by force or threat. Aggravated robbery adds a weapon, serious bodily injury, or a vulnerable victim to that equation. Burglary, by contrast, typically involves unlawful entry into a building. The charge you face matters enormously because the penalties differ drastically. What Is Aggravated Robbery Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 29. 03, a person commits aggravated robbery when they commit robbery — as defined under § 29. 02 — and they also: Cause serious bodily injury to another person; or Use or exhibit a deadly weapon during the course of the offense; or Cause bodily injury to another person, threaten or place another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, and that person is 65 years of age or older, or a disabled person. Robbery itself, under § 29. 02, means a person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another — or intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death — while in the course of committing theft and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property. What the State Must Prove — And What It Can't Assume To convict you of aggravated robbery, the prosecution must prove every single element of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt. That is the highest... > Denton County Auto Theft Lawyer. Aggressive defense strategies aimed at protecting your record and freedom. Call (940) 252-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-27 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/auto-theft/ Auto theft in Denton County is a felony charge that can follow you for the rest of your life. Whether you're accused of stealing a vehicle or driving one without the owner's permission, the consequences are serious — and you need an experienced criminal defense attorney on your side immediately. Why Varghese Summersett for Denton County Auto Theft Charges? Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined experience and a team of 70+ legal professionals across offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas. The firm includes five Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, a designation granted by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization that fewer than 1% of Texas attorneys hold. When your freedom and future are on the line, board certification matters. Varghese Summersett attorneys have been featured in major media outlets, named to Super Lawyers, and recognized by Fort Worth Magazine, 360 West, and Southlake Style. The firm has also been recognized by Inc. 5000 as one of the fastest-growing businesses in America — three times. If you've been charged with auto theft or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle in Denton County, call (940) 252-2220 today for a free consultation with our Denton County criminal defense team. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Auto Theft in Texas? Texas law does not have a single statute called "auto theft. " Instead, prosecutors charge vehicle theft cases under two different laws depending on the circumstances: theft under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle (UUMV) under Texas Penal Code § 31. 07. Understanding which charge applies — and how they differ — is key to building a strong defense. Theft of a Motor Vehicle — Texas Penal Code § 31. 03 Under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03, a person commits theft by unlawfully taking property belonging to another person with intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. When the property is a motor vehicle, the severity of the charge depends on the vehicle's fair market value. To convict you of theft under § 31. 03, the State must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: You appropriated (took, exercised control over, or disposed of) property belonging to another person The appropriation was unlawful — meaning you did not have the owner's effective consent You intended to permanently deprive the owner of the property The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You are presumed innocent, and you have no obligation to prove anything. Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle — Texas Penal Code § 31. 07 Under Texas Penal Code § 31. 07, a person commits UUMV by intentionally or knowingly operating another person's boat, airplane, or motor-propelled vehicle without the effective consent of the owner. Critically, UUMV does not require intent to permanently deprive the owner. This is... > Struck by a car in Fort Worth? Varghese Summersett fights for injured pedestrians. Free consultation — no fee unless we win. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-02-26 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-personal-injury-lawyer/pedestrian-accident/ If you or someone you love was struck by a vehicle in Fort Worth, you are likely facing something no one prepares you for: serious injuries, mounting medical bills, and decisions that feel impossible to make in the middle of a crisis. Some of the people reading this are injured themselves, trying to figure out next steps while still in pain. Others are family members who lost someone and are now facing the unimaginable reality of a wrongful death claim. Wherever you are in that experience, Varghese Summersett is here to help. Our personal injury team represents pedestrian accident victims and grieving families across Tarrant County — and you pay nothing unless we win. You Deserve a Team That Takes This Seriously Pedestrian accidents are among the most devastating cases in personal injury and wrongful death law. There is no metal frame, no airbag, and no seatbelt standing between a person on foot and a vehicle. When a collision happens, the injuries are almost always catastrophic: shattered bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, internal organ injuries, and in far too many cases, death. For families who have lost someone, no amount of money restores what was taken. But holding the responsible party accountable, and securing the financial support a family needs going forward, is something the legal system can do, and something we are committed to fighting for. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices who built his reputation on exceptional negotiation and courtroom skill. Working alongside Ty is Damian Williams, a Partner with a track record in serious personal injury and wrongful death litigation that is among the strongest in Texas. He has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements for catastrophically injured clients and families and has been recognized by Lawdragon as one of the 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers in the country for two consecutive years. Firm founder Benson Varghese, who worked as an insurance adjuster before law school and interned for an insurance defense firm during law school, personally handles the highest-stakes cases where trial is a real possibility. The firm is 70+ members strong with four offices across Texas. When you call us, you are not reaching a call center or a case manager who will hand you off. You are reaching a legal team that handles pedestrian accident and wrongful death cases with the seriousness they deserve. You've Seen Us On How These Accidents Happen in Fort Worth Fort Worth's rapid growth has brought more vehicles, more congestion, and more danger to people on foot. The most common causes our attorneys see in Tarrant County pedestrian cases include distracted driving — especially cell phone use — along with failure to yield at crosswalks, speeding through residential and commercial zones, impaired driving, and failure to stop at marked intersections. High-traffic corridors like Camp Bowie Boulevard, University Drive, and the Near Southside area see a disproportionate share of these... > Facing a charge of super aggravated sexual assault of a child in Denton County? Our experienced legal team fights serious sex allegations. Call for a free consulation. - Published: 2026-02-26 - Modified: 2026-02-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/super-aggravated-sexual-assault-child/ Super aggravated sexual assault of a child is one of the most serious charges in the Texas Penal Code. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021(f), a conviction carries a mandatory minimum of 25 years in prison — with no possibility of parole until every one of those years is served — along with lifetime sex offender registration. If you or someone you love is under investigation or has been charged in Denton County, you need experienced defense counsel right now. Why Denton County Defendants Choose Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a full-service Texas law firm with more than 100 years of combined experience and a team of over 70 legal professionals across four offices. The firm has earned more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions — results built case by case, defendant by defendant. Sex crimes allegations demand experienced trial lawyers who understand both sides of the courtroom. Our team is made up of former prosecutors and Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialists with vast experience handling high-profile, high-stakes jury trials. When prosecutors in Denton County build a super aggravated sexual assault case, they know what they are doing. So do we. Our attorneys have been on their side of the table. That experience shapes how we investigate, challenge, and defend every case we take. Varghese Summersett has been featured in national and regional media for its work on high-profile criminal cases. Board-certified attorneys, former prosecutors, and a deep defense team are available to Denton County clients now. You've Seen Us On What Makes This Charge Different From Other Sexual Assault Offenses Texas law uses the informal term "super aggravated sexual assault of a child" to describe a specific category of aggravated sexual assault of a child that triggers a dramatically higher mandatory minimum sentence. It is still charged under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, but the "super aggravated" designation reflects the enhanced punishment provisions found in subsection (f) of that statute. People often ask how this charge differs from sexual assault of a child or standard aggravated sexual assault of a child. The short answer: the victim's age and the circumstances of the offense drive the punishment into a range that offers virtually no flexibility at sentencing. Other common questions include whether a person can be charged based solely on an outcry from a child, whether false accusations are taken seriously by the courts, and what happens during the investigation phase before formal charges are filed. These questions matter enormously, and they are addressed below. The Law: What Texas Penal Code § 22. 021 Requires the State to Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden rests entirely on the State — the defendant is never required to prove innocence. To convict on aggravated sexual assault of a child, the prosecution must establish that the defendant intentionally or knowingly: Caused the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any... > Facing Denton County aggravated sexual assault child charges? Our experienced defense team fights serious sex crimes charges. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-02-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault-child/ Aggravated sexual assault of a child in Texas is a first-degree felony that carries 5 to 99 years or life in prison — and in many cases, a mandatory minimum of 25 years with no possibility of parole. If you or someone you love has been charged with this offense in Denton County, you are facing one of the most serious criminal charges in the state. The time to act is now. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with four offices statewide, more than 70 team members, and a track record that includes over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. The firm has five Board Certified criminal defense attorneys — the highest designation an attorney can reach. For Denton County sex crimes, the firm relies on attorneys with a rare depth of experience on both sides of these cases. Letty Martinez is a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist who spent more than 20 years as a prosecutor with the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, where she served as Chief of the Crimes Against Children Unit. She has tried over 100 cases and now uses that insider knowledge to defend people accused of the most serious charges. Jack Christy is a seasoned criminal defense attorney and former prosecutor with decades of courtroom experience handling high-stakes felony cases. Known for her strategic approach and commanding presence at trial, she has successfully defended clients accused of serious sex offenses and brings invaluable insight into how the state prepares and prosecutes these deeply complex cases. Tiffany Burks brings over 25 years of trial experience, including 22 years as a prosecutor — retiring as a Deputy Chief — and handles felony sex crimes and violent offenses. Together, this team understands exactly how prosecutors build aggravated sexual assault of a child cases — and how to take them apart. You've Seen Us On What People Facing These Charges Need to Know An accusation of aggravated sexual assault of a child triggers an immediate investigation, often before any charges are formally filed. Law enforcement moves fast. A detective may want to "ask a few questions. " The stakes make it essential to understand exactly what you are up against before saying a word to investigators. People in this situation often want to know: What makes a charge "aggravated" as opposed to a lesser sex offense? What does the prosecution actually have to prove? What does a conviction mean for the rest of my life? Is there any defense when the accuser is a child? These are the right questions. The answers below address each one directly. How Texas Law Defines Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, a person commits aggravated sexual assault of a child when they intentionally or knowingly engage in penetrative or certain contact sexual acts with a child — and either the victim is younger than 14 years old, or aggravating circumstances exist when the victim is 14 to 17. The specific... > Facing a Denton County Aggravated Sexual Assault Charge? We defend serious sex crimes. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/aggravated-sexual-assault/ Aggravated sexual assault is a first-degree felony in Texas, punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison or life — and a conviction carries lifetime sex offender registration. If you or someone you love has been charged in Denton County, the time to act is now. Every hour matters when your freedom, your reputation, and your future are on the line. Why Denton County Defendants Trust Varghese Summersett Aggravated sexual assault charges are among the most serious accusations a person can face. The stakes are too high to trust your defense to just anyone. Varghese Summersett is a full-service Texas law firm with more than 100 years of combined legal experience across our team of 70+ attorneys and legal support professionals. We maintain four offices — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — and regularly defend clients facing felony charges in Denton County courts. Our firm has earned 1,600+ dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across thousands of criminal cases. Five of our criminal defense attorneys are Board Certified, the highest designation a lawyer can reach in Texas. Our attorneys have been featured in national and regional media and are recognized annually by Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and leading legal publications. When the charge is this serious, our bench runs deep. You've Seen Us On What Is Aggravated Sexual Assault Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, aggravated sexual assault occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, or causes the sexual organ of another person to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of any person, without consent — and at least one of the following aggravating circumstances is present: The actor places the victim in fear of death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping The actor threatens to cause death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping to any person The actor uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault The actor acts in concert with another person who engages in sexual assault The actor administers a date rape drug, rohypnol, or any incapacitating substance The victim is younger than 14 years old The victim is elderly (65 or older) or disabled Aggravated sexual assault is legally distinct from sexual assault under § 22. 011 — the presence of any single aggravating factor elevates the charge to a first-degree felony. For charges involving child victims, see our pages on aggravated sexual assault of a child and super aggravated sexual assault of a child. What the Prosecution Must Prove — and the Standard Required In any aggravated sexual assault case, the burden of proof rests entirely with the State. You are presumed innocent. You have no obligation to prove anything. The prosecution must prove every element of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest legal standard in our justice system. Specifically, prosecutors must establish: That you are the person who committed the act That a prohibited sexual act occurred... > Facing Denton County indecency with a child charges? Our defense team fights serious sex crimes. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/indecency-with-a-child/ Indecency with a child is a felony sex offense in Texas that can carry decades in prison, mandatory sex offender registration, and consequences that will follow you for the rest of your life. If you or someone you love is facing this charge in Denton County, you need an experienced defense attorney immediately — before another word is said to law enforcement. Why Denton County Defendants Trust Varghese Summersett Few charges carry the weight of an indecency with a child accusation. The social stigma is immediate. So is the legal exposure. This is not a situation where any criminal defense attorney will do — you need a team that has handled sex crime cases at every level, in every Denton County courtroom. Varghese Summersett is one of the largest criminal defense firms in North Texas, with more than 70 team members and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across all practice areas. Our criminal defense attorneys have more than 100 years of combined experience, including a number of former prosecutors who understand exactly how the Denton County District Attorney's office builds these cases. The firm's sex crimes defense team also includes five attorneys who are Board Certified — the highest designation an attorney can reach. These cases are handled by attorneys who have tried dozens of jury trials and who are recognized by Super Lawyers, the National Trial Lawyers Top 100, and Best Lawyers in America. The team's depth means your case is never handled by a single attorney working in isolation — it's evaluated by a team that has seen these fact patterns before. If you are facing indecency with a child charges in Denton County, speak with our team now. Call (940) 252-2220 for a free, confidential consultation available 24 hours a day. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Indecency with a Child in Texas? Texas law defines two distinct forms of indecency with a child. Understanding the difference matters because the charges carry different penalties and require different defense strategies. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 11, a person commits indecency with a child if, with a child younger than 17 years of age who is not their spouse, they: Engage in sexual contact with the child or cause the child to engage in sexual contact — this is indecency by contact, a second-degree felony; or With the intent to arouse or gratify any person's sexual desire, expose their anus or genitals knowing the child is present, or cause the child to expose theirs — this is indecency by exposure, a third-degree felony. "Sexual contact" under the statute means touching — including through clothing — of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a child, or touching any part of the child's body with the anus, breast, or genitals of another person. What the Prosecution Must Prove This is a critical area that many people charged with this offense... > Facing a Denton County indecent exposure charge? Our former prosecutors know how to fight back. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/indecent-exposure/ Indecent exposure in Texas is a Class B misdemeanor under Texas Penal Code § 21. 08, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine. A second conviction is a Class A misdemeanor — and if it happens in front of a child under 17, you could face sex offender registration. The charge sounds less serious than it is. It is not. Varghese Summersett is one of North Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined experience across a team of 70+ legal professionals and four offices — including a team that handles Denton County cases regularly. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across Texas. You've Seen Us On What People Ask After an Indecent Exposure Arrest Most people charged with indecent exposure have never faced a criminal charge before. They are scared, embarrassed, and often unsure whether to take the charge seriously. Here are the questions we hear most often. Is indecent exposure a sex crime in Texas? It can be. While a first-offense indecent exposure charge under § 21. 08 does not automatically trigger sex offender registration, the circumstances matter enormously. If a child under 17 was present during the alleged exposure, you face a separate charge — indecency with a child by exposure — which is a third-degree felony and does require registration on the sex offender registry. Even on a standard indecent exposure charge, a second conviction requires registration. Do not treat this as a minor offense. Will this charge appear on my background check? Yes, unless it is dismissed or sealed. A conviction for indecent exposure is a criminal conviction on your permanent record. Employers, landlords, and licensing boards can see it. If a deferred adjudication is an option and you successfully complete probation, you may be eligible for a nondisclosure order — but that pathway must be explored before you accept any plea deal. What if the exposure was accidental or misidentified? Intent is a core element of this offense. The prosecution must prove you acted with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire and that you were reckless about the presence of another person. Accidental exposure, a medical episode, or a misidentification by a witness are all potentially valid defenses — and they are exactly the kind of facts a skilled defense attorney will investigate before your case ever gets close to trial. What the Law Actually Says: Texas Penal Code § 21. 08 Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 08, a person commits indecent exposure if they expose their anus or any part of their genitals with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, and they are reckless about whether another person is present who would be offended or alarmed by the act. To convict you, the State must prove every single element beyond a reasonable doubt. That means proving: You exposed your anus or any part of your genitals You... > Facing a Denton County Continuous Sexual Assaut Child Charge? Our defense teams fights the most serious sex crimes. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-02-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/continuous-sexual-assault-child/ Continuous sexual abuse of a child is a first-degree felony in Texas that carries a mandatory minimum of 25 years in prison — with no possibility of probation, deferred adjudication, or parole until that sentence is served. If you or someone you love is facing this charge in Denton County, every decision made right now matters. Why Your Defense Team Matters in a Case This Serious Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized North Texas criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience and a team of over 70 attorneys, paralegals, and support professionals. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions of various offenses. We maintain offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake — with attorneys who regularly handle Denton County sexual assault cases and understand how the Denton County courts operate. Two attorneys on our team have spent the bulk of their legal careers inside prosecutors' offices specifically handling crimes against children — and now they put that knowledge to work for the defense. Letty Martinez is a board-certified Criminal Law Specialist who spent over 20 years as a prosecutor at the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, including serving as Chief of the Crimes Against Children Unit. She has tried more than 100 cases and holds a deep understanding of exactly how these prosecutions are built — and where they can be challenged. She is also an adjunct faculty member at Baylor Law School. Why Your Defense Team Matters in a Case This Serious Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized North Texas criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience and a team of over 70 attorneys, paralegals, and support professionals. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions of various offenses. We maintain offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake — with attorneys who regularly handle Denton County sexual assault cases and understand how the Denton County courts operate. Two attorneys on our team have spent the bulk of their legal careers inside prosecutors' offices specifically handling crimes against children — and now they put that knowledge to work for the defense. Letty Martinez is a board-certified Criminal Law Specialist who spent over 20 years as a prosecutor at the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, including serving as Chief of the Crimes Against Children Unit. She has tried more than 100 cases and holds a deep understanding of exactly how these prosecutions are built — and where they can be challenged. She is also an adjunct faculty member at Baylor Law School. Christy Jack is a nationally recognized trial attorney and partner at Varghese Summersett who has tried more than 200 criminal jury trials over the course of her nearly 30-year career. She spent more than two decades as a prosecutor, handling some of the most serious and high-profile cases in North Texas, before bringing her extensive trial experience to the defense side. Known... > Fort Worth family lawyers for custody, child support, protective orders, and paternity. Board Certified, plus a former Tarrant County judge. (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-family-lawyer/ Fort Worth Family Lawyer | Board Certified Skip to content Skip to main content Varghese Summersett Call (817) 203-2220 Call Now Home Family Law Fort Worth Family Lawyer N° 01 Fort Worth Family Lawyer Fort Worth Family Lawyers When your children and your future are on the line, you want a team that tries cases in the Tarrant County courts, not one that processes them. Your fight is ours. Board Certified Family Law Former Tarrant County Judge 600+ Trials Tier 1 Ranked in DFW Call (817) 203-2220 → Schedule a Consultation → Varghese Summersett is a Fort Worth family law firm built for the cases that matter most: custody, child support, protective orders, paternity, and adoption. Our family team includes a Board Certified Family Law Specialist and a partner who served as an Associate Judge in Tarrant County. We know how these courts decide cases, because we have been on both sides of the bench. Our office sits in downtown Fort Worth, minutes from the Tarrant County Family Law Center. If your matter is a divorce, start with our dedicated Fort Worth divorce attorney page. For our full practice across all four Texas offices, see family law. Recognized by Best Lawyers Super Lawyers Best Law Firms Tier 1 Fort Worth Magazine N° 02 Start Here What You Need to Know The Short Version. Your case will be decided in Tarrant County. Custody, support, and protective orders are heard at the Family Law Center in downtown Fort Worth. Local knowledge of those courts is the difference maker. We weight our family practice toward custody and child support, the issues that shape your daily life with your children. We also handle paternity, protective orders, adoption, modifications, and enforcement. Acting early protects your options. Temporary orders set the rules for the rest of the case, and the first hearing often matters more than people expect. Divorce has its own page. If divorce is the core of your matter, see our Fort Worth divorce attorney page for the full detail. N° 03 How We Help How We Help Fort Worth Family Law Matters We Handle. Every matter below is handled in Tarrant County courts by attorneys who appear there regularly. Tap any area to go deeper. Not sure where your situation fits? Call (817) 203-2220 and we will point you to the right place. Child Custody Who your children live with and who makes decisions for them. We handle high-conflict custody, joint and sole conservatorship, possession schedules, and emergency orders, and we build every case as if it is going to trial. Fort Worth Child Custody Child Support Establishing, modifying, and enforcing support. We push back on inaccurate income figures, handle high-income and self-employment cases, and pursue enforcement when a parent stops paying. Try our child support calculator to estimate where you stand. Child Support Protective Orders For families facing violence, and for people wrongly accused. Our criminal defense background means we understand both sides of a protective order, including the consequences for your... > Charged with a sex crime in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County sex crimes lawyers fights aggressively for you. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-19 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sex-crimes-lawyer/ What You Need to Know: A sex crime charge in Denton County is one of the most serious situations a person can face — carrying the risk of decades in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and consequences that follow you long after any sentence ends. If you or someone you love has been arrested or is under investigation for a sex offense, the most important thing you can do right now is speak with an experienced criminal defense attorney before making any statements to law enforcement. Denton County Sex Crimes Defense — Why Varghese Summersett Sex crime cases demand attorneys with deep experience, prosecutorial insight, and the willingness to fight at every stage — from the initial investigation through trial. Varghese Summersett has built one of the most respected criminal defense practices in North Texas, with a team of more than 70 legal professionals and four offices across Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. The firm has achieved more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions, and its attorneys bring over 100 years of combined experience to the table. Five attorneys hold board certifications — the highest professional achievement in Texas law, and most of our attorneys are former prosecutors. That kind of inside knowledge is exactly what you need when the stakes are this high. Reach out to Varghese Summersett's Denton County team as soon as possible. You've Seen Us On What You Need to Know If You've Been Charged With a Sex Crime in Denton County Sex crime charges in Texas move fast. Law enforcement often begins building a case long before an arrest is made. If a detective has contacted you, if you've been named in a complaint, or if you've already been taken into custody, the decisions you make in the next 24 to 72 hours can shape the entire direction of your case. Below is what most people want to know — and what Varghese Summersett believes you have a right to understand before you make any decisions. Does a Sex Crime Charge Mean I'm Going to Prison? Not necessarily. An arrest is not a conviction. The State of Texas must prove every element of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt. Many sex crime cases involve only the word of an accuser against the word of the accused, which creates real opportunities for an experienced defense attorney to challenge the evidence. Cases have been dismissed, no-billed by grand juries, and won at trial. The outcome depends on the facts, the evidence, the quality of the defense, and how quickly that defense begins. What Is Sex Offender Registration — and Can I Avoid It? Texas Chapter 62 of the Code of Criminal Procedure requires people convicted of certain offenses to register as sex offenders, sometimes for life. Registration is one of the most devastating collateral consequences of a sex crime conviction — it affects housing, employment, relationships, and every aspect of daily life. For many clients, avoiding registration is the primary goal of the defense, and... > A juvenile charge in Denton County can follow your child for life. Our board-certified juvenile lawyers fight to protect their future. Call now. - Published: 2026-02-18 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-juvenile-defense-lawyer/ When a child is accused of a crime in Denton County, the stakes could not be higher. A single mistake — or a false accusation — can derail a young person’s education, limit future opportunities, and leave a permanent mark on their record if it is not handled correctly from the very beginning. Juvenile cases move quickly, and the decisions made in those early stages can shape everything that follows. The juvenile justice system is also very different from the adult system. It has its own procedures, terminology, courts, and potential outcomes — including detention hearings, adjudication, disposition, probation, and even the risk of certification to stand trial as an adult in serious cases. Parents are often overwhelmed and unsure where to turn. Having the right legal team in place immediately can make all the difference. At Varghese Summersett, we have two attorneys who are Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — a distinction held by only a small fraction of attorneys in the entire state. Board Certification reflects a proven level of experience, skill, and commitment to this highly specialized area of law. When your child’s future is on the line, you want advocates who understand the system inside and out — and who know how to protect both your child’s rights and their future. Board Certified Partner Lisa Herrick earned her certification in juvenile law 2020. She spent more than eight years as a prosecutor in the Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney's Office and has taken more than 80 cases to jury trial. She understands how the system works — from both sides — and uses that knowledge to defend young clients aggressively. As a firm, Varghese Summersett has more than 100 years of combined legal experience, a team of over 70 professionals, and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. We have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and more than 800 charge reductions for our clients. When your child's future is on the line, you want the most experienced team in the room. You've Seen Us On What Families in Denton County Are Asking Parents who contact us after their child's arrest often have urgent questions. Will my child be locked up? Will this show up on a background check? Can these charges be dropped? The answers depend on the specific offense, your child's history, and how the case is handled. What we can tell you is this: early intervention by a skilled juvenile defense attorney gives your child the best chance at the best possible outcome. Here are some of the most common concerns we hear from Denton County families: My child was arrested at school — what happens next? Can a juvenile be tried as an adult in Texas? Will my child have to go to a detention facility? Can juvenile records be sealed in Texas? What is the difference between deferred prosecution and adjudication? We address each of these below. Texas Juvenile Law: What the Law Says... > Arrested for a misdemeanor in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County misdemeanor lawyers fight for dismissals and reduced charges. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-18 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-misdemeanor-lawyer/ The bottom line: A misdemeanor in Denton County is a criminal charge — not a citation — and a conviction stays on your record permanently. Whether you're facing a Class A, B, or C misdemeanor, the right defense attorney can fight to get the charge dismissed, reduced, or resolved through a diversion program before it follows you for life. Facing a misdemeanor charge in Denton County can feel like a turning point — and it is. A conviction can cost you your job, your professional license, your housing, and your reputation. At Varghese Summersett, we take misdemeanor cases as seriously as felonies, because we know the stakes are real for the people we represent. Our criminal defense team brings more than 100 years of combined experience to every case, including attorneys who have tried more than 100 jury trials each. The firm has achieved over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. We have four offices — Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — and a team of 70+ professionals dedicated to results. You've Seen Us On What Is a Misdemeanor in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 12. 21–12. 23, misdemeanors are divided into three classes, each carrying different maximum penalties. The class of the offense depends on the specific charge and the circumstances. Misdemeanor charges are heard in the Denton County Court at Law, located at the Denton County Courts Building at 1450 E. McKinney St. , Denton, TX 76209. Misdemeanor cases move faster than felony dockets, which means you have less time to build a defense if you wait. Misdemeanor Classes and Penalties Class A Misdemeanor: Up to 1 year in Denton County Jail and a fine up to $4,000. Common examples include assault causing bodily injury, DWI with a BAC of 0. 15 or higher, and theft between $100 and $750 with prior convictions. Class B Misdemeanor: Up to 180 days in county jail and a fine up to $2,000. Common examples include first-offense DWI, possession of marijuana (up to 2 oz), criminal trespass, and theft of property valued between $100 and $750. Class C Misdemeanor: Fine only — up to $500, no jail time. Common examples include assault by contact, disorderly conduct, and minor in possession of alcohol. What the Prosecution Must Prove Every misdemeanor charge has specific elements the State must prove. Under the Texas Penal Code, the burden of proof is on the State — the defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. The prosecution must establish every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in the law. For example, a Class A misdemeanor assault charge under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01 requires the State to prove that the defendant intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury to another person. If the State cannot prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt, the jury must acquit — or the charge should never reach a jury at all. That phrase — "beyond a reasonable doubt" — is the... > Want to seal your criminal record in Denton County? Speak to an experienced Denton County nondisclosure lawyer to see if you are eligible. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-18 - Modified: 2026-02-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-nondisclosure-lawyer/ Your past shouldn’t define your future. But in Texas, a criminal record can linger for years — surfacing on background checks and standing between you and employment, housing, and professional opportunities. An order of nondisclosure can seal your record from public view, giving you the fresh start you deserve. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County nondisclosure lawyers guide clients through the process with precision and care. Why Denton County Residents Trust Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is one of North Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with more than 100 years of combined legal experience across a team of 70+ professionals. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions on behalf of clients across the region. That track record reflects something important: this firm knows how to navigate the Texas criminal justice system and help people move forward. The firm has five Board Certified attorneys, including Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett - the founders of the firm. Board certification is the highest designation a Texas attorney can receive in their specialty — fewer than 7% of Texas lawyers hold it. Varghese Summersett attorneys have been featured in major media outlets and recognized by outlets including Super Lawyers, Fort Worth Magazine, and the National Trial Lawyers. Their Denton County criminal defense team is ready to evaluate your situation today. You've Seen Us On What Is an Order of Nondisclosure in Texas? An order of nondisclosure is a court order that seals your criminal record from public access. It is sometimes called a "record sealing. " Once granted, government agencies and most private entities are prohibited from disclosing your sealed record. This means it typically won't appear in background checks run by landlords, employers, or licensing boards. Nondisclosure is not the same as expunction. With an expunction, the record is destroyed entirely. With nondisclosure, the record still exists — but it is hidden from the public. Law enforcement agencies can still see a sealed record, and certain licensing boards may still access it depending on the profession. Still, nondisclosure can be life-changing. It allows most people to legally deny the existence of the arrest and charge when applying for jobs, housing, or licenses that don't fall under specific exceptions. Who Is Eligible for Nondisclosure in Denton County? Eligibility is governed by Texas Government Code Chapter 411, Subchapter E. To qualify, you generally must have completed deferred adjudication for the offense you want sealed. Deferred adjudication is a form of probation that, upon successful completion, results in a dismissal — not a conviction. That dismissal is what opens the door to nondisclosure. Under Texas Government Code § 411. 0727, a person who successfully completed deferred adjudication for a misdemeanor offense may petition the court for nondisclosure after satisfying the required waiting period. Under Texas Government Code § 411. 0728, some felony deferred adjudication cases also qualify, subject to longer waiting periods and additional restrictions. The general eligibility requirements are: You successfully completed deferred adjudication community supervision You were discharged and the... > Accused of violating your probation in Denton County. Our experienced Denton County probation violation lawyers will fight to keep you out of jail. Call for free consulation. - Published: 2026-02-18 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-probation-violation-lawyer/ A probation violation in Denton County can result in your probation being revoked and the original prison sentence being imposed. The State must prove a violation by a preponderance of the evidence — a much lower standard than a criminal trial. An experienced probation violation lawyer can challenge the allegations, present mitigating evidence, and fight to keep you from going to prison. A probation violation is one of the fastest ways to end up in jail — even if your underlying case never went to trial. If your probation officer has filed a report or you've received notice of a Motion to Revoke or a Motion to Adjudicate, you are facing a court proceeding where a judge alone decides your fate. There is no jury. The rules of evidence are relaxed. And the State only needs to show it's more likely than not that you violated a condition of your community supervision. At Varghese Summersett, we know Denton County courts, and we know how prosecutors there build these cases. Our firm has more than 100 years of combined legal experience, including attorneys who previously served as prosecutors in Denton County itself. We have a team of 70+ legal professionals and five board-certified attorneys on staff. The firm has secured more than 1,600 case dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across all practice areas. When your freedom is on the line, experience like this matters. You've Seen Us On What Counts as a Probation Violation in Texas? Probation — formally called community supervision in Texas — comes with a list of conditions set by the court. Some are standard for every case. Others are specific to the offense or the individual. Violating any one of those conditions, even a minor one, gives the State grounds to file for revocation. The most common violations in Denton County cases include failing a drug or alcohol test, missing a required check-in with your probation officer, failing to pay court-ordered fines or fees, picking up a new criminal charge, leaving the state without permission, not completing required community service hours, and failing to attend required counseling or treatment programs. Some people are shocked to learn that a technical violation — something as routine as missing a single appointment — can result in their probation being revoked. This is why it's so important to take any notice from your probation officer seriously, even before the State formally files a motion. Deferred Adjudication vs. Regular Probation: Why the Difference Matters Texas has two types of community supervision, and the consequences of a violation differ significantly depending on which type you have. You can learn more in our detailed guide to probation and deferred adjudication in Texas. If you are on regular probation, you were convicted at the time you were placed on community supervision. A violation triggers a Motion to Revoke Probation (MTR). If revoked, the judge can impose any sentence within the range that was already assessed — but cannot exceed it. If you are on deferred... > Charged with murder in Denton County? Our seasoned Denton County murder lawyers have the experience your case demands. Call today. - Published: 2026-02-17 - Modified: 2026-02-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-homicide-lawyer/murder/ Denton County Murder charges carry life-altering consequences. Under Texas law, murder is the most serious non-capital felony offense — punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison or life. If you or someone you love is accused of homicide in Denton County, the stakes could not be higher. You need a defense team that has handled murder cases from both sides of the courtroom — prosecutors who know how the State builds its case, and trial lawyers who know how to dismantle it. Varghese Summersett is one of the most experienced criminal defense firms in North Texas, with more than 100 years of combined experience across a team of 70-plus attorneys, paralegals, and legal professionals. The firm has offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake — and regularly handles serious felony cases in Denton County district courts. The firm’s homicide defense team includes attorneys who spent decades as prosecutors before switching sides. These attorneys know how prosecutors build homicide cases because they built them. The team also includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists who have demonstrated proven expertise in complex felony litigation and have earned recognition for their trial skill and legal knowledge. Across its history, the firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions in a wide range of criminal cases. When the charge is murder, that track record matters. The firm is also highly experienced in handling high-profile cases, managing intense media attention while protecting clients’ rights, reputations, and presumption of innocence at every stage of the proceedings. You've Seen Us On What You're Probably Asking Right Now People who call us after a homicide arrest — or after a detective makes contact — are usually asking the same urgent questions. Here is what you need to know. What is the difference between murder and capital murder in Texas? Murder becomes capital murder when the killing falls into specific categories defined by law — killing a police officer, killing during certain felonies, killing a child under age 10, or killing more than one person, among others. Capital murder is a capital felony, punishable by death or life without the possibility of parole. You can read more about that distinction in our guide on murder vs. capital murder in Texas. What if I was defending myself? Self-defense is one of the most powerful defenses in a Texas homicide case. The "Castle Doctrine" and Texas's "Stand Your Ground" law give people broad rights to use deadly force in certain circumstances. Whether that defense applies depends entirely on the specific facts of your case — which is exactly why you need an experienced attorney analyzing those facts from day one. Can a murder charge be dismissed or reduced? Yes. Varghese Summersett has secured both outcomes in murder cases. The case outcome depends on the evidence, witness credibility, the quality of the investigation, and how aggressively the defense team challenges the prosecution's theory. Results in past cases do not guarantee a specific outcome in any future case.... > Charged with aggravated assault in Houston? Former prosecutors fight to get charges dismissed. Over 1,600 dismissals. Call (281) 805-2220 now. - Published: 2026-02-16 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-assault-lawyer/aggravated-assault/ Aggravated assault is a second-degree felony in Texas, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison. If you've been arrested or are under investigation in Houston, what you do in the next 24 to 48 hours can determine whether you spend years behind bars or walk away with your freedom and your future intact. At Varghese Summersett, we've secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in criminal cases across Texas. Our Houston office is led by Mike Hanson, a board-certified attorney and former prosecutor who has tried more than 60 cases before a jury. When this much is at stake, you need attorneys who know how to win. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett With Their Aggravated Assault Cases Facing felony charges that could send you to prison for decades requires more than a general practice attorney. Our team of over 70 legal professionals includes five board-certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors from Harris County, Tarrant County, and Fort Bend County, and trial attorneys who have taken hundreds of cases before Texas juries. We understand how prosecutors build aggravated assault cases because many of us used to be prosecutors. We know their strategies, their weaknesses, and how to exploit gaps in their evidence. Our firm has the resources to hire expert witnesses, conduct independent investigations, and fight your case at trial if that's what it takes. The attorneys at our Houston office appear regularly in Harris County criminal courts. We've built relationships with prosecutors and judges. We know which arguments work and which defenses give our clients the best chance of walking away without a conviction. You've Seen Us On What Happens If You're Convicted of Aggravated Assault? The penalties for aggravated assault under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02 are severe. A conviction doesn't just mean prison time. It means losing your career, your family, and your freedom. Second-Degree Felony: 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and fines up to $10,000. This applies to most aggravated assault charges involving a deadly weapon or serious bodily injury. First-Degree Felony: 5 to 99 years or life in prison when the offense involves a family member with prior family violence conviction, or when the victim is a public servant, security officer, or emergency responder. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02(b), these enhanced charges carry mandatory minimum sentences. Beyond prison, you'll lose your right to own firearms under federal law. You'll have a permanent felony record that shows up on every background check. Professional licenses can be revoked. Immigration consequences can include deportation. Child custody can be affected. Some employers won't even consider hiring someone with a violent felony conviction. This is why you need aggressive representation from day one. The sooner we get involved, the more options we have to fight for a dismissal, reduction, or acquittal. We Get Aggravated Assault Charges Dismissed Our track record speaks for itself. Here are examples of actual results we've achieved in assault and aggravated assault cases: Harris County... > Injured in Fort Worth? Our Fort Worth personal injury lawyer team fights for maximum compensation. Trial-tested. You pay nothing unless we win. - Published: 2026-02-14 - Modified: 2026-04-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-personal-injury-lawyer/ If you've been injured in Fort Worth because of someone else's negligence, you deserve a legal team that will fight for every dollar your case is worth. The Fort Worth personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett represent people hurt by the carelessness of others, whether that means a reckless driver, a negligent employer, an unsafe property owner, a dangerous product, or a medical provider who failed to meet the standard of care. We pursue the wrongdoers on a contingency basis, which means you pay nothing unless we recover compensation for you. We understand that a serious injury affects far more than your body. It disrupts your ability to work, to care for your family, to sleep through the night without pain. It creates financial pressure that compounds the physical suffering. And it often comes with a feeling of powerlessness, especially when the person or company responsible has insurance adjusters and corporate lawyers working to minimize what they owe you. Our job is to take that burden off your shoulders. Varghese Summersett brings the resources and courtroom credibility to take on insurance companies, corporations, and anyone else standing between you and fair compensation. Why Hire Varghese Summersett for Your Fort Worth Injury Claim? Choosing a personal injury lawyer is one of the most consequential decisions you'll make after an injury. The firm you hire determines whether insurance companies take your claim seriously or treat it as something they can lowball and move on from. At Varghese Summersett, we bring resources, credentials, and a trial-first mentality that changes the dynamic from the moment we enter a case. Our team has recovered millions in settlements and verdicts for injured Texans. We've earned recognition from Best Lawyers in America and maintain over 1,100 five-star reviews from past clients. Those reviews don't come from aggressive marketing. They come from people who felt heard, respected, and protected during the worst chapters of their lives. What makes us different starts at the top. Our founder, Benson Varghese, is Board Certified in Criminal Law, has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, and worked as an insurance adjuster before law school. He also interned for an insurance defense firm during law school. That insider knowledge of how insurance companies evaluate, defend, and devalue claims is baked into how our entire team approaches personal injury cases. We know the tactics they use because we've seen them from the inside. Our personal injury team includes former prosecutors, former insurance defense attorneys, and trial lawyers who have handled some of the most complex injury and wrongful death cases in Texas, securing multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements along the way. We are active members of the American Association for Justice (the national association for trial lawyers), the Academy of Truck Accident Attorneys, and the Texas Trial Lawyers Association. This reflects our commitment to staying at the forefront of personal injury litigation, sharing best practices with the top plaintiff attorneys in the country, and holding ourselves to the highest professional standards. Insurance... > Charged with aggravated assault in Fort Worth? Our former prosecutors and Board Certified lawyers have dismissed aggravated assault cases in Tarrant County. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-02-13 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-criminal-defense-lawyer/aggravated-assault/ Fort Worth Aggravated Assault Lawyer If you've been charged with aggravated assault in Fort Worth, you're facing 2 to 20 years in prison, and potentially up to 99 years or life if the charge involves a family member or a deadly weapon. You need a defense team that has handled these cases before, knows how the Tarrant County system works, and has a track record of getting results. That's exactly what you get at Varghese Summersett. Why Clients Facing Aggravated Assault Charges Choose Varghese Summersett Aggravated assault is one of the most serious charges in the Texas Penal Code. It's classified as a 3G offense, which means tougher sentencing rules and no judge-granted probation after a trial conviction. The attorneys you choose can make the difference between a dismissal and a prison sentence. Varghese Summersett has more than 100 years of combined experience defending people charged with violent crimes in Tarrant County. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across all criminal case types, including multiple aggravated assault dismissals right here in Fort Worth. This team is backed by 70-plus members across four offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. What sets Varghese Summersett apart in aggravated assault cases is the depth of its bench: Former prosecutors who handled these same charges. Tiffany Burks spent 22 years as a prosecutor in the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, retiring as a deputy chief. She has handled thousands of criminal cases, from misdemeanors to murders, and now uses that insider knowledge to defend clients facing the same charges she once prosecuted. Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists. The firm has five Board Certified attorneys, the highest level of specialization recognized by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. This is includes Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez who are Board Certified in Criminal Law and Lisa Herrick and Mike Hanson who are Board Certified in Juvenile Law. Attorneys who know the Tarrant County courthouse inside and out. Christy Jack is a nationally recognized criminal defense attorney who has more than 20 years of prosecutorial experience, including service as chief of the Family Violence Unit and the Crimes Against Children Unit. She has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries. Our Fort Worth office is steps from the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center. Our attorneys appear in these courtrooms regularly. They know the judges, the prosecutors, and the process. That familiarity matters when your freedom is on the line. You've Seen Us On Our Results in Aggravated Assault Cases Results tell the real story. Here are outcomes Varghese Summersett has achieved for clients facing aggravated assault and related violent crime charges: Aggravated Assault with Deadly Weapon, Tarrant County (Case No. 1825757): Attorney Tiffany Burks represented a client charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. The charge was dismissed. The firm's historical case database also reflects multiple dismissals, no-bills, and prosecution-barred outcomes in aggravated assault with deadly weapon cases and aggravated assault causing serious bodily injury cases... - Published: 2026-02-13 - Modified: 2026-02-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-bodily-injury-family-member/ Assault causing bodily injury against a family member is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, punishable by up to one year in county jail and a $4,000 fine. But the "family member" label does far more than classify the charge. It rewrites the rules of evidence, triggers lifetime collateral consequences, and gives prosecutors tools that are unavailable in any other type of assault case. If you or a loved one is facing an assault family violence charge in Texas, the stakes are higher than you may realize. A conviction, or even an affirmative finding of family violence without a formal conviction, can strip your firearm rights, derail custody proceedings, trigger deportation, and follow you for the rest of your life. Understanding what the State must prove, what evidence prosecutors can use against you, and how this charge differs from every other assault prosecution is the first step toward protecting yourself. Varghese Summersett is a team of over 70 attorneys, investigators, and legal professionals with four offices across Texas. Our criminal defense attorneys include former prosecutors and board-certified specialists who have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. We have handled thousands of family violence cases at every level, from misdemeanor assault to felony continuous violence against the family. We know how prosecutors build these cases, and we know how to dismantle them. You've Seen Us On Who Qualifies as a "Family Member" Under Texas Law? Texas does not limit the family violence designation to traditional family units. The statutory definitions cast a wide net, and the State routinely relies on these broad categories to bring charges under the family violence umbrella. "Family" includes individuals related by blood or marriage, former spouses, and parents of the same child, as defined under Texas Family Code § 71. 003. The relationship does not have to be current. A former spouse from decades ago still qualifies. "Household member" encompasses anyone who has lived together in the same dwelling, regardless of whether the relationship is romantic. Under Texas Family Code § 71. 005, this includes current and former roommates. Texas courts have applied this definition to college roommates, platonic cohabitants, and people who briefly shared a living space. "Dating relationship" is determined by the length, nature, frequency, and type of interaction between the parties, as set out in Texas Family Code § 71. 0021. This is distinguished from ordinary fraternization in a business or social context, and the determination is highly fact-specific. A casual acquaintanceship does not qualify, but courts have interpreted the standard broadly enough to capture relatively short-lived relationships. The breadth of these definitions means the family violence designation can apply to situations defendants do not expect: altercations between former roommates, brief dating partners, or even biological parents who never had a romantic relationship. What Must the State Prove in an Assault Family Violence Case? To convict a defendant of assault causing bodily injury against a family member under Texas Penal Code § 22.... > Craig Jackson is a Board Certified family law attorney and a partner in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where he oversees the firm’s Southlake office. - Published: 2026-02-11 - Modified: 2026-03-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/craig-jackson/ Craig Jackson Partner | Board Certified Family Lawyer Craig Jackson is a seasoned family law attorney and a partner in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where he oversees the firm's Southlake office. Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization for over 20 years, Craig brings nearly three decades of family law experience to every case he handles. He is a skilled trial lawyer, a trusted advisor, and a highly respected mediator in North Texas. Before joining Varghese Summersett, Craig served as an Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he earned a reputation for being fair to all parties and efficient with his docket. That judicial experience sets Craig apart from other family law attorneys. From the bench, he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials. He understands how to evaluate evidence, weigh testimony, and reach decisions that reshape families' lives. That perspective makes him an exceptionally effective advocate and mediator. Over the course of his career, Craig has served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings, including contested hearings, bench trials, and jury trials. He has successfully mediated hundreds of family law cases and handled dozens of appellate matters, including direct appeals, petitions for mandamus, and habeas corpus petitions. He also wrote the chapter on contempt in the Texas Family Law Practice Manual. Whether a case calls for aggressive courtroom advocacy or skilled negotiation, Craig has the experience and temperament to deliver results. Craig's mediation practice reflects his belief that the parties deserve more. Too many mediations are derailed by unprepared mediators, poorly framed issues, and rushed settlement agreements. Craig takes a different approach. Before each mediation session, he dedicates focused time to thoroughly understanding the case details, identifying key issues, anticipating challenges, and developing strategies to facilitate productive negotiation. His goal is to conduct mediations that are efficient, satisfying to the parties, reflective of the attorneys' hard work, and that bring final resolution to cases. In addition to being a highly skilled attorney and mediator, Craig is a native Texan with deep roots in the DFW community. He grew up in DeSoto, where he attended DeSoto High School. He began his undergraduate studies at Abilene Christian University before transferring to the University of North Texas. He later left college to join the United States Navy Reserves, where he served for 4 years. After completing Navy boot camp and his military occupational school, Craig returned to the University of North Texas to finish his degree. He went on to earn his law degree from Baylor Law School in 1996. Since then, Craig has dedicated his career to family law, earning his Board Certification over 20 years ago and building a reputation as one of the most experienced and respected family law practitioners in North Texas. Less than 1% of lawyers in Texas are Board Certified in Family Law. When he is not at work, Craig enjoys spending time with his wife and two children. His... > Facing manslaughter charges in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County manslaughter lawyers have a proven track record of success. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-10 - Modified: 2026-02-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-homicide-lawyer/manslaughter/ Manslaughter is a serious felony charge in Texas that can change your life in an instant. Under Texas law, manslaughter occurs when a person causes the death of another through reckless conduct. Defined under Texas Penal Code §19. 04, manslaughter is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines of up to $10,000. A conviction carries not only severe criminal penalties, but also lifelong consequences for your freedom, reputation, and future. When everything is on the line, experienced legal defense is critical. Varghese Summersett represents people charged with manslaughter throughout Denton County. Our criminal defense team includes Board Certified specialists and former chief prosecutors with decades of experience handling high-profile cases. With more than 100 years of combined legal experience, our 70-member team has secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. The firm operates four offices across Texas in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. We've handled manslaughter cases in Denton County and achieved favorable outcomes including dismissals. You've Seen Us On What People Ask About Manslaughter Charges When someone faces manslaughter charges in Denton County, they want to know what differentiates this charge from murder, how prosecutors prove it, what defenses exist, and whether they can avoid prison. They ask about bond amounts, the timeline of criminal proceedings, and whether prior dismissals in similar cases mean anything for their situation. The distinction between manslaughter and murder centers on intent. Murder requires intentionally or knowingly causing death, or intending serious bodily injury that results in death. Manslaughter involves reckless conduct that causes death without the intent to kill. Understanding this difference is essential because it affects everything from charging decisions to potential defenses to punishment range. What Texas Law Says About Manslaughter Under Texas Penal Code §19. 04(a), a person commits manslaughter if they recklessly cause the death of an individual. The statute defines "reckless" under §6. 03(c) as being aware of but consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that death will occur. The State must prove two elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant caused the death of another person The defendant acted recklessly in causing that death The burden of proof rests entirely on the prosecution. They must prove each element beyond a reasonable doubt, which is the highest standard in American law. The defendant has no burden to prove innocence or offer any explanation. If the State cannot meet this standard on even one element, the jury must return a not guilty verdict. Causation requires proof that the defendant's conduct was a substantial factor in bringing about the death. The State must show the death would not have occurred but for the defendant's reckless conduct. In cases involving multiple potential causes, prosecutors must prove the defendant's actions were a substantial contributing factor. Recklessness is more than ordinary negligence but less than intentional conduct. It requires conscious awareness of the risk and a deliberate decision to disregard it. The difference between manslaughter and criminally negligent homicide lies in this awareness. Criminally... > Wondering what to expect during divorce mediation in Texas? Learn how the process works, what to bring, and how our Board Certified mediator prepares for your case. - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce-mediation-lawyer/what-to-expect/ During divorce mediation in Texas, you and your spouse meet with a neutral mediator who guides you through negotiations on property division, child custody, support, and other disputed issues. The process is private, voluntary in nature, and far less adversarial than a courtroom trial. Most sessions last between four and eight hours, and many cases settle in a single day. At Varghese Summersett, our approach to mediation is built on three pillars: experience, preparation, and convenience. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division brings over 100 years of combined legal experience to every case. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake, the firm handles family law matters ranging from straightforward uncontested divorces to high-net-worth property disputes involving millions in assets. The family law team includes licensed mediators, seasoned trial lawyers, and a former Associate Judge who understands mediation from every angle. Partner Craig Jackson is at the center of the firm's mediation practice. Craig has been a family lawyer for nearly three decades and has been Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization since 2004. Before joining Varghese Summersett, he served as the Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials. That experience on the bench gave Craig something most mediators lack: a firsthand understanding of how judges evaluate evidence, weigh testimony, and make decisions that change families' lives. Craig has successfully mediated hundreds of family law cases, served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings, and handled dozens of appellate matters. He is routinely recognized as a Super Lawyer as published in Texas Monthly and Super Lawyers magazine, and currently serves on the Texas State Bar's Texas Family Law Practice Manual committee. The Family Law Division is led by Partner Turner Thornton, a trained mediator recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law, and also includes Partner Dena Wilson, who brings over 20 years of family law experience. You've Seen Us On Why Mediation Instead of Trial? Texas family courts are busy. A contested divorce that goes to trial can take a year or longer to reach a final hearing. The financial cost of trial preparation, including attorney fees, expert witness fees, and court costs, can climb into the tens of thousands of dollars. And at the end of a trial, a judge who has spent a few hours with your case makes binding decisions about your children, your home, and your financial future. Mediation puts that decision-making power back in your hands. You and your spouse, with the guidance of a skilled mediator and your own attorneys, craft the terms of your divorce. The agreements you reach in mediation tend to be more detailed, more creative, and more durable than court-imposed orders because both parties had a say in creating them. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 602, courts can order mediation at any point during a divorce. Most Tarrant County family courts require it before they... - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-02-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce-mediation-lawyer/mediation-vs-collaborative-divorce/ Mediation and collaborative divorce are both alternatives to a courtroom trial, but they work differently. In mediation, a neutral third party helps you and your spouse negotiate a settlement, typically in a single day. In a collaborative divorce, each spouse hires a specially trained attorney, and both sides commit to reaching an agreement through a series of structured meetings without court intervention. If the collaborative process fails, both attorneys must withdraw, and you start over with new lawyers. The right choice depends on the complexity of your case, the level of conflict between the parties, and how quickly you need a resolution. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Group has over 100 years of combined legal experience and a team of 70+ professionals across offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. The firm's family law attorneys are skilled in both mediation and collaborative divorce, giving clients the flexibility to pursue the approach that best fits their situation. Whether a case involves a straightforward custody dispute or a multi-million-dollar estate with business interests and complex property, the team has the depth to handle it. Partner Craig Jackson anchors the firm's mediation practice. Craig has been a family lawyer for nearly three decades and has been Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization since 2004. He served as the Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials. That judicial experience gives Craig a rare ability to evaluate both sides of a dispute and help parties understand what a judge would likely do if the case went to trial. He has successfully mediated hundreds of family law cases and served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings. Craig is routinely recognized as a Super Lawyer and serves on the Texas State Bar's Texas Family Law Practice Manual committee. The Family Law Division is led by Partner Turner Thornton, a licensed mediator recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law. Partner Dena Wilson brings over 20 years of family law experience and has been named a Super Lawyer every year since 2012. Senior Associate Kristen Carr is a licensed mediator recognized by Best Lawyers in America who has handled hundreds of family law matters, including adoptions and high-net-worth divorces. You've Seen Us On Understanding the Two Approaches Both mediation and collaborative divorce aim to keep your case out of a courtroom, but the structure, timeline, cost, and risks are different. Understanding those differences is the first step toward choosing the right path for your family. Mediation: How It Works In mediation, a neutral mediator facilitates negotiations between you and your spouse. Each party typically has their own attorney present. The mediator does not make decisions or take sides. Instead, the mediator helps both parties identify common ground, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their positions, and work toward a mutually acceptable agreement. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 602, courts can order mediation... > Arrested for meth possession or delivery in Dallas? Felony charges demand aggressive defense. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation on methamphetamine charges now. - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-drug-possession-lawyer/methamphetamine/ Methamphetamine is a Penalty Group 1 controlled substance in Texas, and possessing any amount is a felony. If you have been charged with possession, manufacture, or delivery of methamphetamine in Dallas County, you face penalties ranging from 180 days in a state jail facility to life in prison. An experienced Dallas methamphetamine lawyer can challenge the State's evidence, fight to get charges dismissed or reduced, and protect your future. Varghese Summersett is a leading Texas criminal defense firm with offices in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and Southlake. Our team of 70+ members brings more than 100 years of combined legal experience and includes Board Certified criminal law specialists and former prosecutors with decades of trial experience in the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions, including dozens of favorable outcomes in Penalty Group 1 drug cases involving methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and fentanyl. Methamphetamine cases in Dallas County are prosecuted aggressively. You need a defense team that has the resources and courtroom experience to push back. Call our Dallas office at (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation any time of day or night. You've Seen Us On How Is Methamphetamine Classified Under Texas Law? Methamphetamine is listed in Penalty Group 1 under the Texas Controlled Substances Act. Specifically, Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 481 classifies methamphetamine, including crystal meth, alongside cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, and oxycodone as among the most tightly regulated and heavily penalized drugs in the state. Texas also created a sub-classification called Penalty Group 1-B, which applies specifically to certain synthetic substances. However, methamphetamine is charged under the broader Penalty Group 1 statutes. The two primary charges involving methamphetamine are possession and manufacture or delivery. Each carries distinct elements and penalties, but both are serious felonies. Methamphetamine Possession in Dallas Possession of methamphetamine is charged under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 115. To convict you, the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: You exercised actual care, custody, control, or management over the substance You knew the substance was present You knew the substance was illegal or were aware of its nature The substance is confirmed through forensic lab testing to be methamphetamine The quantity matches the amount alleged in the charging instrument The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You do not have to prove your innocence. The State must also establish an "affirmative link" between you and the methamphetamine, meaning they must show you personally knew about and exercised control over the substance. Simply being present in a location where methamphetamine is found is not enough to sustain a conviction. Penalties for Methamphetamine Possession Every methamphetamine possession charge is a felony. The punishment increases with the quantity: Less than 1 gram: State jail felony. 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and a fine of up to $10,000. 1 gram to less than 4 grams: Third-degree felony. 2 to 10 years in prison and... > Charged with capital murder in Denton County? The stakes couldn't be higher. Call our experienced Denton County capital murder defense team at (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-02-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-homicide-lawyer/capital-murder/ Capital murder charges in Denton County carry the harshest penalties in Texas law: death by lethal injection or life in prison without the possibility of parole. If convicted, you face execution or spending the rest of your life behind bars with no chance of release. There is no margin for error. Every decision, from the first police interaction to the final verdict, can permanently shape your future. When the stakes are this high, you need an experienced capital defense team prepared to protect your rights, challenge the prosecution at every turn, and fight relentlessly on your behalf. Varghese Summersett has defended clients across Texas in the most serious criminal matters for over a decade. Our team includes attorneys with more than 100 years of combined experience, including former prosecutors who spent decades trying major felony cases. Attorney Christy Jack is particularly known for her work on capital murder cases, having served as a chief prosecutor for 15 years and tried more than 200 criminal cases before a jury. We maintain four offices across Texas in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, with a team of more than 70 legal professionals. Several of our attorneys are board-certified criminal law specialists, and our team is deeply experienced in high-stakes litigation, complex forensic evidence, and murder jury trials. You've Seen Us On What Makes a Murder Case "Capital Murder"? Not every killing qualifies as capital murder. Texas law reserves this classification for the most serious homicides involving specific aggravating factors that elevate the crime beyond ordinary murder. Capital murder typically involves a murder committed during another serious felony or against certain protected victims. The person killed might be a child, a police officer, or multiple victims. The killing might occur during a kidnapping, robbery, or sexual assault. These circumstances transform what would otherwise be a murder charge into capital murder. Common Questions About Capital Murder Charges Clients facing capital murder accusations in Denton County often ask about the legal process, potential outcomes, and what makes their case different from a murder case. Many want to understand why prosecutors chose to file capital charges versus regular murder charges. Others need to know whether they can post bond and what happens if they're held without bail. Families struggle to understand the investigation process, how long cases take to resolve, and what evidence prosecutors need to prove their case. They want to know about plea negotiations, trial strategy, and the difference between the guilt-innocence phase and punishment phase of a capital trial. Texas Capital Murder Law: What Prosecutors Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 03, the State must prove you intentionally or knowingly caused the death of another person under one of several specific circumstances. Capital murder is not just an intentional killing. It requires an additional aggravating factor. The Elements of Capital Murder The prosecution must establish three core elements beyond a reasonable doubt: First, you intentionally or knowingly caused the death of an individual. This means you consciously acted to end another... > Facing criminally negligent homicide charges in Denton County? Our experienced criminal defense lawyers protect your rights and fight for the best possible outcome. - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-02-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-homicide-lawyer/criminally-negligent-homicide/ Criminally negligent homicide in Denton County is a state jail felony punishable by up to two years in jail, a $10,000 fine, and the permanent consequences of a felony conviction. Even though the charge does not allege intent to kill, a conviction can still derail your career, limit your rights, and follow you for the rest of your life. Early legal intervention is critical to protecting your record and your future. Varghese Summersett has defended countless homicide cases in North Texas. Our team includes board-certified criminal law specialists and former chief prosecutors who understand how these cases are built, charged, and prosecuted—and how to dismantle them. We approach every case with meticulous preparation, strategic precision, and an unwavering commitment to protecting our clients’ rights. From the earliest investigation through trial, we are prepared to challenge the prosecution at every stage. These cases often draw intense media attention, and our team is experienced in handling high-profile matters while protecting our clients both inside and outside the courtroom. You've Seen Us On What Makes Criminally Negligent Homicide Different From Other Homicides? People often confuse criminally negligent homicide with murder or manslaughter. The difference comes down to the mental state required. Murder requires intentional or knowing conduct. Manslaughter requires reckless conduct. Criminally negligent homicide requires only negligence. This distinction matters because it affects both the severity of the charge and the available defenses. While murder is a first or second degree felony and manslaughter is a second degree felony, criminally negligent homicide is "only" a state jail felony. But a state jail felony conviction still carries up to two years in jail and permanent consequences. The key questions are: What exactly is criminal negligence? How does it differ from ordinary negligence? And what must the prosecution prove? The Legal Definition Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 05, a person commits criminally negligent homicide if they cause the death of an individual by criminal negligence. The statute is deceptively short. The real work comes in understanding what "criminal negligence" means. Under Texas Penal Code § 6. 03(d), a person acts with criminal negligence when they ought to be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or the result will occur, and the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint. That's a mouthful. In practice, it means the person failed to perceive a risk that a reasonable person would have noticed, and that failure was a gross deviation from normal behavior. What the Prosecution Must Prove Beyond a Reasonable Doubt In every criminal case, the burden of proof rests entirely on the State of Texas. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. The prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. For criminally negligent homicide, the prosecution must establish three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: 1. The defendant caused the death of an individual. Causation... - Published: 2026-02-09 - Modified: 2026-02-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/aggravated-assault/ Aggravated assault is one of the most serious violent crime charges in Texas. Classified as a felony under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 02, it carries penalties ranging from 2 to 99 years in prison depending on the circumstances. Unlike simple assault, aggravated assault does not require actual physical injuries — threatening someone while displaying a deadly weapon is enough. Whether you've been arrested, are under investigation, or a loved one is facing charges, this page covers everything you need to know about aggravated assault in Texas: the law, penalties, defenses, the court process, and what to expect. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have earned more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. Our team of 70+ legal professionals includes Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors, and trial attorneys who have tried hundreds of cases before Texas juries. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we represent clients across the state. You've Seen Us On What Is Aggravated Assault in Texas? Aggravated assault under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 02 is an assault that is elevated to a felony by the presence of certain aggravating factors. A person commits aggravated assault if they commit an assault as defined under Section 22. 01 and they either: (1) Cause serious bodily injury to another person, or (2) Use or exhibit a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. To fully understand aggravated assault, you first need to understand what constitutes a simple assault. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01, a person commits assault if they: (a) Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person, including the person's spouse; (b) Intentionally or knowingly threaten another person with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or (c) Intentionally or knowingly cause physical contact with another person when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. Any of these three types of simple assault can become aggravated assault when combined with a deadly weapon or serious bodily injury. Three Types of Aggravated Assault in Texas Understanding which type of aggravated assault you are charged with is the first step in building a defense. The charging instrument (the indictment) will specify the theory the State intends to pursue. 1. Aggravated Assault With a Deadly Weapon This is the most commonly charged form of aggravated assault. It occurs when a person uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during an assault. The weapon could be a firearm, knife, bat, vehicle, or any object capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. The prosecution does not need to prove that the weapon actually caused harm. Simply displaying it during an assault — even during a verbal threat — is enough. This means pointing a gun at someone, brandishing a knife during an argument, or swinging a bat at another person can all result in this charge even if no one is physically injured. Learn more about aggravated assault with a... > Board Certified Family Lawyer Craig Jackson has become the go-to divorce mediation lawyer in Fort Worth and Southlake after serving as an Associate Judge in Tarrant County Family Court. - Published: 2026-02-08 - Modified: 2026-02-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce-mediation-lawyer/ Family Law Mediation Schedule a Mediation Meet Craig Jackson 30 Years of Experience 20+ Years Board Certified 100s Cases Mediated 100s Hearings Presided Meet Your Mediator Craig Jackson If you have a contested family law case in Tarrant County, there is a strong chance the court will order mediation before you ever see the inside of a courtroom. Under Texas law, judges have the authority to refer any family case to mediation, and in practice, most Tarrant County family courts require it before a contested divorce or custody case goes to a final trial. Your choice of mediator can shape the entire trajectory of your case. Craig Jackson has been a family lawyer for nearly three decades and has been Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization since 2004. As the former Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, he earned a reputation for fairness and efficiency. Craig has presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials, served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings, and successfully mediated hundreds of cases. His experience on both sides of the bench gives him a unique ability to help parties evaluate risk, find common ground, and reach lasting agreements. Board Certified in Family Law since 2004 Former Associate Judge, 360th District Court, Tarrant County Lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings Recognized as a Texas "Super Lawyer" year after year Texas State Bar Family Law Practice Manual Committee Experienced appellate practitioner J. Turner Thornton Turner Thornton leads Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division and is a licensed mediator with extensive experience guiding families through contested disputes. A skilled negotiator and experienced litigator, Turner has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, child custody battles, and property division. Turner's dual perspective as both a trial attorney and a licensed mediator makes him especially effective at the mediation table. He understands what it takes to win at trial and can help parties evaluate the risks and rewards of settlement versus litigation. When mediation serves a client's interests, Turner can help the parties reach a fair resolution. When trial becomes necessary, he is a formidable advocate in the courtroom. Partner and Head of Family Law Division Licensed Mediator Recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law (2024) Texas A&M Law Alumni Legacy Award, Private Practice Achievement (2024) Rising Star, Super Lawyers (2023, 2024, 2025) Elected Board Member, Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association What We Mediate Resolving Every Type of Family Dispute Craig mediates the full range of family law matters. Whatever the issue, the goal is the same: a fair agreement that keeps your family out of the courtroom. Divorce Property division, debt allocation, retirement accounts, spousal maintenance, and all terms of the final decree. Child Custody Conservatorship, possession and access schedules, decision-making rights, and geographic restrictions. Child Support Guideline and above-guideline support, medical support, educational expenses, and extracurricular costs. Modifications Changes to existing custody, support, or visitation orders based... > Need a Southlake divorce mediation lawyer? Our Board Certified family law attorneys and licensed mediators help resolve disputes faster, with less cost and conflict. - Published: 2026-02-08 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/mediation/ A divorce mediation lawyer in Southlake helps couples resolve disputes over property division, child custody, and support through guided negotiation rather than a courtroom battle. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 602, courts can order mediation at any point during a divorce, and most Tarrant County family courts require it before trial. The right attorney can protect your rights at the mediation table while helping you reach a fair, enforceable agreement. Varghese Summersett's Family Law Group is one of the most experienced divorce and mediation practices in the Southlake area. With a team of 70+ legal professionals, offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, and over 100 years of combined legal experience, our attorneys bring unmatched depth to even the most difficult cases. Our family law team includes multiple licensed mediators and attorneys who have handled thousands of family law proceedings, from straightforward uncontested divorces to high-net-worth property fights. Partner Craig Jackson is a cornerstone of the firm's mediation practice. Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization since 2004, Craig has nearly three decades of family law experience. He previously served as the Associate Judge for the 360th District Court in Tarrant County, where he presided over hundreds of contested hearings and numerous final trials. That judicial experience gives him a rare perspective on how family courts evaluate evidence, weigh arguments, and reach decisions. He has successfully mediated hundreds of family law cases, served as lead counsel in thousands of family court proceedings, and handled dozens of appellate matters including direct appeals, petitions for mandamus, and petitions for habeas corpus. Craig has been routinely recognized as a Super Lawyer as published in Texas Monthly and Super Lawyers magazine and serves on the Texas State Bar's Texas Family Law Practice Manual committee. The Family Law Division is led by Partner Turner Thornton, a licensed mediator recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law, a Rising Star by Super Lawyers, and a Top Attorney by Fort Worth Magazine. Turner has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, child custody disputes, and property division. The team also includes Partner Dena Wilson, who brings over two decades of family law experience and has been named a Super Lawyer every year since 2012, and Senior Associate Kristen Carr, a licensed mediator recognized by Best Lawyers in America who has handled hundreds of family law matters. You've Seen Us On What Does a Divorce Mediation Lawyer Do? A divorce mediation lawyer serves a dual role. First, they are your advocate, advising you on your legal rights, helping you understand what a fair outcome looks like, and making sure you don't agree to terms that could harm you down the road. Second, they prepare you for the mediation process itself, gathering financial documents, identifying the issues that matter most, and developing a strategy for negotiation. Many people confuse the mediator with a lawyer. They are different. The mediator is a neutral third party who facilitates conversation between the... > Facing identity theft charges in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County identity theft lawyers handle all levels of cases. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-06 - Modified: 2026-02-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-fraud-lawyer/identity-theft/ In Denton County, identity theft charges carry serious consequences that can result in years of imprisonment and permanent damage to your reputation. If you possess or use someone else's identifying information without their consent, prosecutors can file charges ranging from state jail felonies to first-degree felonies, depending on the number of victims involved. Varghese Summersett has defended clients against identity theft charges in Denton County and throughout North Texas. Our team of more than 70 legal professionals includes board-certified criminal law specialists with over 100 years of combined experience. We've secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across all practice areas. Our attorneys include former prosecutors who understand how the State builds these cases and know how to dismantle them. You've Seen Us On What Exactly Is Identity Theft Under Texas Law? Identity theft in Texas extends far beyond simply stealing someone's credit card. The offense covers a broad range of conduct involving another person's identifying information. Many people don't realize they're committing identity theft until they face criminal charges. Common Questions About Identity Theft Charges Can you be charged with identity theft for using a fake ID at a bar? Yes. Does borrowing someone's debit card with permission count? It depends on whether you exceeded that permission. What if you find a credit card and use it once? That's still identity theft. The law casts a wide net, and prosecutors in Denton County pursue these cases aggressively. People also ask whether identity theft only applies to financial information. The statute covers Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, dates of birth, and any other information that can be used to identify someone. Using a deceased person's information also constitutes identity theft, even if no one is harmed. The Legal Definition: Texas Penal Code § 32. 51 Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 51, a person commits identity theft when they obtain, possess, transfer, or use identifying information of another person without that person's consent and with intent to harm or defraud another person. What the Prosecution Must Prove Beyond a Reasonable Doubt In every identity theft prosecution, the State bears the burden of proof. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. Prosecutors must establish each element beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant obtained, possessed, transferred, or used identifying information The information belonged to another person The defendant acted without that person's consent The defendant intended to harm or defraud another person The prosecution must prove intent to harm or defraud. Merely possessing someone else's information isn't enough. The State must show you planned to use that information for illegal purposes. This intent element creates significant defense opportunities. Penalties: The Number of Victims Determines Your Exposure Texas structures identity theft penalties based on how many separate pieces of identifying information you allegedly possessed or used. This means the same conduct can result in vastly different sentences depending on how prosecutors count the items. Classification by Number of Items Fewer than 5 items (State Jail Felony): 180 days to... > Charged with homicide in Denton County? Varghese Summersett provides aggressive, strategic defense by former prosecutors. Call today for free consulation. - Published: 2026-02-06 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-homicide-lawyer/ If you are facing murder charges in Denton County, your freedom—and your future—are on the line. These are among the most serious accusations under Texas law, carrying the possibility of life in prison. Because the burden or proof rests entirely on the prosecution, a seasoned Denton County homicide lawyer must rigorously challenge the evidence, witnesses, and legal theories at every turn. Varghese Summersett has defended clients against homicide charges throughout North Texas for over a decade. Our team includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists and former chief prosecutors who have collectively handled dozens of homicide cases. We understand how the State investigates and prosecutes these cases, and we use that insight to build strategic, trial-ready defenses that expose weaknesses in the prosecution’s case and protect our clients at every stage. You've Seen Us On What Charges Are We Talking About? Homicide cases in Denton County typically fall into several categories. Murder is the most serious, followed by manslaughter, intoxication manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. Each charge requires different elements of proof and carries different penalties. The prosecution might also pursue capital murder charges in cases involving specific aggravating factors like murdering a peace officer, murdering multiple people, or murdering someone during the commission of another felony. People often want to know whether they'll face bond and what happens during the investigation. They worry about whether they should speak with detectives, what evidence the State has, and whether the charge can be reduced or dismissed. These concerns are valid. The decisions you make in the hours and days after an arrest can determine the outcome of your case. What Does Texas Law Say About Murder? Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 02, a person commits murder if they intentionally or knowingly cause the death of an individual, or if they intend to cause serious bodily injury and commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes someone's death. The statute also includes a third scenario: causing death while committing or attempting to commit a felony other than manslaughter. The State must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant caused the death of another person The defendant acted intentionally or knowingly, or intended to cause serious bodily injury while committing an act clearly dangerous to human life The death occurred as a result of the defendant's conduct The burden of proof rests entirely on the prosecution. You do not have to prove your innocence. The State must convince a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that each element exists. If they cannot meet this standard on even one element, the jury must find you not guilty. What Are the Penalties for Homicide in Denton County? Murder is a first-degree felony punishable by: 5 to 99 years or life in prison Fine up to $10,000 Capital murder carries even harsher consequences: Life in prison without parole, or Death penalty (in certain circumstances) Manslaughter under Texas Penal Code § 19. 04 is a second-degree felony: 2 to 20 years in prison... > Facing embezzlement charges in Denton County? Speak to an experienced Denton County embezzlement lawyer today. Free consulation. - Published: 2026-02-05 - Modified: 2026-02-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-fraud-lawyer/embezzlement/ An embezzlement accusation in Denton County can turn your career, finances, and reputation upside down overnight. What many people don’t realize is that these cases are charged as theft by employee—serious felony allegations that carry the risk of years in prison and staggering fines. While the State must prove you unlawfully took property from your employer, navigating that process without a strong defense can be overwhelming. Varghese Summersett brings more than 100 years of combined criminal defense experience to Denton County embezzlement cases. Our team of legal professionals includes five Board Certified attorneys, representing the highest level of specialization in Texas. Our firm has handled thousands of criminal cases, securing over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We maintain offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, with attorneys licensed to practice throughout Texas. Our criminal defense attorneys understand that embezzlement allegations often arise from accounting errors, civil disputes, or misunderstandings about authority to use company funds. You've Seen Us On What Is Embezzlement Under Texas Law? Texas law doesn't use the term "embezzlement. " Instead, it prosecutes these cases as theft by an employee or public servant under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03. Embezzlement occurs when a person who lawfully possesses property belonging to another person unlawfully appropriates that property with intent to deprive the owner of it. The key distinction from other theft offenses is that you had legal access to the property through your employment or position of trust. What the Prosecution Must Prove To convict you of embezzlement in Denton County, prosecutors must prove each of these elements beyond a reasonable doubt: You were an employee or had lawful possession of property belonging to another person You unlawfully appropriated the property You did so with intent to deprive the owner of the property The value of the property falls within a specific range The State bears the entire burden of proof. You have no obligation to prove your innocence or explain what happened to the money or property. How Embezzlement Accusations Arise Embezzlement charges in Denton County typically emerge from one of several scenarios. An employer notices discrepancies during a routine audit and reports suspected employee theft. A business partner discovers unexplained withdrawals or transfers during a company sale or dissolution. Former employees report suspicious activity after leaving the organization. Or a civil dispute over commissions, bonuses, or expense reimbursements escalates into criminal allegations. Many embezzlement cases begin as civil matters but become criminal investigations when law enforcement gets involved. The distinction between authorized use of company funds and theft often depends on conflicting accounts of what authority you had and what practices were customary at the workplace. Penalties for Embezzlement in Denton County The punishment for embezzlement depends entirely on the value of the property allegedly taken: Value of Property Offense Level Punishment Range Less than $100 Class C Misdemeanor Fine up to $500 $100 to $750 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in jail, fine up to $2,000 $750 to... > Accused of forgery in Denton County? Our Denton County forgery lawyers defend against all forgery charges. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-05 - Modified: 2026-02-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-fraud-lawyer/forgery/ If you are accused of forgery in Denton County, you may be facing arrest, a costly bond, and long-term damage to your reputation. Texas law defines forgery as making or altering a document with intent to defraud or harm another, and bond amounts can range from $1,000 to $50,000 based on the type of document and value at issue. Understanding the charge—and your defense options—starts with knowing what prosecutors must prove. Varghese Summersett regularly defends clients facing forgery and fraud allegations in Denton County and throughout North Texas. Our criminal defense team includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists with decades of experience handling complex misdemeanor and felony cases in Denton County courts. We are known for pursuing dismissals, charge reductions, and other favorable resolutions while preparing every case as if it will be tried. With deep familiarity with local procedures, prosecutors, and courts—and the resources of a firm with offices across Texas—we provide focused, strategic defense for individuals accused of forgery in Denton County. You've Seen Us On What Types of Documents Lead to Forgery Charges? Forgery charges in Denton County typically involve several categories of documents: Financial instruments account for the majority of forgery cases. Checks, money orders, credit card receipts, and bank drafts fall into this category. Government documents like driver's licenses, Social Security cards, vehicle titles, and birth certificates also trigger forgery prosecutions. Commercial documents such as contracts, deeds, wills, and court orders round out the common forgery cases seen in Denton County courts. The prosecution must prove you intended to defraud or harm another person. Innocent mistakes with documents don't meet this standard. Each case turns on what you knew and what you intended when you created or altered the document. How Texas Law Defines Forgery Texas Penal Code § 32. 21 establishes the legal framework for forgery prosecutions. The State must prove specific elements beyond a reasonable doubt to secure a conviction. The burden of proof rests entirely on the prosecution. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. The prosecution must establish that you: First, forged a writing. This means you altered, made, completed, executed, or authenticated any writing so that it purports to be the act of another who did not authorize that act, or to have been executed at a time or place or in a numbered sequence other than was in fact the case, or to be a copy of an original when no such original existed. Second, you acted with intent to defraud or harm another. The State must prove you had a specific mental state when you forged the document. What Penalties Do You Face for Forgery in Denton County? Forgery penalties in Texas depend on what was forged: State Jail Felony (Most Forgery Cases): Most forgery cases are prosecuted as state jail felonies, punishable by 180 days to 2 years in state jail and a fine up to $10,000. Third Degree Felony (Government Documents, Money, Securities): If you forge government or national institution records, money, securities, postage, revenue... > Charged with aggravated assault in Fort Bend County? Learn the penalties, bond amounts, and defenses. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-05 - Modified: 2026-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/aggravated-assault/ Aggravated assault is a second-degree felony in Texas that carries 2 to 20 years in prison and up to $10,000 in fines. If you or someone you love has been charged with aggravated assault in Fort Bend County, the time to act is now. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. Our team of 70+ legal professionals includes five attorneys who hold Board Certification from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, the highest level of recognition in their practice areas. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, our attorneys have tried hundreds of cases before Texas juries and bring former prosecutor experience to every case they handle. Our Houston-area team is led by Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, a Board Certified Juvenile Law attorney who previously served as an Assistant District Attorney in both Tarrant County and Fort Bend County. His firsthand knowledge of how the Fort Bend County District Attorney's Office builds cases gives our clients a strategic advantage from day one. If you are facing aggravated assault charges in Fort Bend County, call us at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. You've Seen Us On What Makes Assault "Aggravated" in Texas? A standard assault becomes "aggravated" under Texas law when a person causes serious bodily injury to another person or uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault. These two factors are what elevate the charge from a misdemeanor to a felony, and the consequences increase dramatically as a result. Serious bodily injury means an injury that creates a substantial risk of death or causes permanent disfigurement or long-term loss of a body part or organ. A deadly weapon is any object that can cause death or serious bodily injury in the way it is used or intended to be used. This includes firearms and knives but can also include vehicles, baseball bats, or even hands and feet in certain circumstances. What Does the Law Say? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02, a person commits aggravated assault if they commit assault as defined in Texas Penal Code § 22. 01 and they: Cause serious bodily injury to another person, or Use or exhibit a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault The underlying assault itself requires proof that the accused intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury to another, threatened someone with imminent bodily injury, or caused physical contact the accused knew or should have known the other person would find offensive or provocative. What the Prosecution Must Prove To secure a conviction for aggravated assault in Fort Bend County, the State must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. The defendant has no burden to prove innocence. Specifically, the prosecution must establish that: The accused committed an assault (intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused bodily injury; threatened imminent bodily injury; or caused offensive physical contact) The accused caused serious bodily injury to another person, OR used or exhibited a... > Facing fraud charges in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County fraud lawyers protect your rights, reputation, and future. Call for a free, confidential consultation. - Published: 2026-02-04 - Modified: 2026-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-fraud-lawyer/ Fraud charges in Denton County can result from identity theft, credit card abuse, forgery, or deceptive business practices. Under Texas Penal Code Chapter 32, prosecutors must prove you intentionally deceived someone to obtain property or harm their interests. With penalties ranging from state jail felonies to first-degree felonies, fraud convictions carry prison time, heavy fines, and lasting damage to your reputation and career. Varghese Summersett brings over 100 years of combined legal experience to Denton County fraud cases. Our team includes five Board Certified attorneys — the highest credential in Texas law — and former prosecutors who understand how the State builds fraud cases. We have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions across our practice. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, we maintain a strong presence in Denton County courts and work closely with prosecutors and judges throughout the area. Our attorneys have tried hundreds of cases before Texas juries and handled every type of fraud charge: identity theft, credit card abuse, forgery, insurance fraud, and financial exploitation. We know how to challenge the State's proof of intent, contest the value of allegedly defrauded property, and expose weaknesses in financial records. Whether you're facing accusations of using someone's credit card without permission or committing organized fraud schemes, we fight to protect your freedom and your future. You've Seen Us On What Types of Fraud Cases Do We Handle in Denton County? Fraud charges cover a wide range of conduct, from simple misunderstandings about financial transactions to complex schemes involving multiple parties. Our Denton County fraud lawyers defend clients against all types of fraud allegations. We regularly handle cases involving credit card or debit card abuse, where prosecutors claim you used someone else's card without consent. These charges often arise from family disputes, business partnerships gone wrong, or situations where permission was initially given but later disputed. Identity theft charges involve allegations that you used someone's personal information — Social Security number, driver's license, bank account — to obtain property or cause harm. The State classifies these cases based on the number of items involved, and penalties increase sharply as the item count rises. Forgery cases involve allegedly creating or altering documents with intent to defraud. This includes checks, government identification, financial instruments, and business records. The State must prove you knew the document was fake and intended to use it deceptively. Other fraud charges we defend include insurance fraud, securing execution of a document by deception, fraudulent use or possession of identifying information involving elderly individuals, and money laundering. Each charge requires proof of specific intent and deceptive conduct. What Is the Legal Definition of Fraud in Texas? Texas law addresses fraud through multiple statutes in Texas Penal Code Chapter 32. The specific elements vary by offense type, but all fraud charges require proof of intentional deception. Fraudulent Use or Possession of Identifying Information Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 51, the State must prove: You obtained, possessed, transferred, or used identifying information... > Facing credit card abuse charges in Denton County? We defend fraud cases with former prosecutors and proven results. Call today. - Published: 2026-02-04 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-fraud-lawyer/credit-card-abuse/ Credit card abuse charges in Denton County carry serious penalties, but the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you committed fraud with someone else's payment card information. Many charges are reduced or dismissed when prosecutors cannot establish all elements of the offense or when we can demonstrate the transaction was authorized or an honest mistake. Varghese Summersett represents clients throughout Denton County with a team that includes board-certified attorneys and former prosecutors. Our criminal defense practice has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas on various types of cases. We've defended individuals accused of fraud, theft, and white collar offenses, achieving favorable outcomes in complex financial crime cases. You've Seen Us On What is Credit Card Abuse in Texas? Credit card abuse occurs when someone uses, possesses, or obtains payment card information without the cardholder's effective consent. The offense applies to credit cards, debit cards, and other payment devices. Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 31, credit card abuse can take several forms: A person commits credit card abuse if they: use a card without the cardholder's consent, use a card that was obtained illegally, sell or buy a card from someone other than the issuer, receive goods or services they know were obtained through unauthorized use, steal or knowingly possess a stolen card, use a fictitious card, use an expired or revoked card, falsely represent themselves as the cardholder, or receive a benefit from someone else's unauthorized use. What the State Must Prove To convict you of credit card abuse, the prosecution must prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt: You used, possessed, bought, sold, or received a credit or debit card You did so with intent to use it, sell it, or give it to someone else The cardholder did not consent to your use You knew the card was obtained illegally, was stolen, expired, revoked, or fictitious The burden is entirely on the State. You do not have to prove your innocence. Penalties for Credit Card Abuse Credit card abuse can be charged as either a misdemeanor or felony depending on the number of cards involved and whether enhanced penalties apply. Standard credit card abuse is a State Jail Felony, punishable by: 180 days to 2 years in state jail Fine up to $10,000 Potential community supervision The offense becomes a Third Degree Felony (2-10 years prison, fine up to $10,000) if committed against an elderly person. Additional consequences include difficulty obtaining employment, loss of professional licenses, damage to credit, and a permanent criminal record that appears in background checks. Bond Amounts in Denton County Based on an analysis Varghese Summersett completed of over 12,937 bonds in Denton County in 2025: Charge Number of Cases Average Bond Most Common Bond Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse 56 $5,421. 46 $5,000. 00 Credit Card Abuse - Elderly Victim 4 $12,125. 00 $3,500. 00 Fraud Possession/Use Credit Card (Less than 5) 17 $3,558. 82 $2,500. 00 Bond amounts vary based on your prior... - Published: 2026-02-04 - Modified: 2026-02-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/workplace-falls/ Texas is one of the deadliest states for workplace falls. In 2023, 92 of the state's 564 fatal occupational injuries were caused by falls, slips, and trips. The vast majority of those deaths occurred in private industry, with construction and extraction work driving a disproportionate share. These are not freak accidents. Fall protection has been OSHA's most frequently cited standard for more than a decade, and yet Texas workers keep dying from preventable falls off roofs, scaffolds, platforms, and elevated surfaces. Multiple parties can be held liable for a workplace fall in Texas, including the property owner, the employer, a general contractor, subcontractors, equipment manufacturers, and safety consultants. Who bears responsibility depends on who controlled the worksite, who created or failed to correct the hazard, and whether the employer carried workers' compensation insurance. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team includes former prosecutors and trial-tested attorneys who handle construction accidents, industrial injuries, and wrongful death claims across Texas. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake and a team of over 70 legal professionals, we have the resources and experience to investigate complex workplace fall cases and fight for full compensation. You've Seen Us On How Common Are Workplace Falls in Texas? The numbers tell a sobering story. Texas recorded 564 fatal occupational injuries in 2023, and 92 of those deaths were attributed to falls, slips, and trips. Roughly 93 percent of those fatalities occurred in private industry. Construction, natural resources, and extraction industries contribute heavily to fall deaths, with falls to a lower level (from scaffolds, roofs, platforms, and elevated surfaces) accounting for a significant share. Nonfatal injuries are just as alarming. Texas private employers reported approximately 178,800 total recordable nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses in 2022. National data consistently shows that falls, slips, and trips account for a major share of the most serious nonfatal cases, including those resulting in days away from work, restricted duty, or job transfers. What makes these statistics especially frustrating is that falls are among the most preventable workplace injuries. A Texas-focused review found that OSHA cited 641 fall-protection violations in the state during a recent multi-year period. During that same timeframe, 32 Texas workers were killed by falls in the data analyzed. These are well-established safety standards that have been the law for decades. Who Can Be Held Liable for a Workplace Fall? Workplace fall cases rarely involve just one responsible party. Depending on the circumstances, several entities may share liability. Identifying all potentially liable parties is one of the most important steps in building a strong claim. The Property Owner Under Texas premises liability law, property owners have a legal duty to maintain their property in a reasonably safe condition and warn of known hazards. Industrial buildings often present inherent fall risks, including elevated platforms, open floor holes, catwalks, mezzanines, and unguarded edges. If the area where a worker fell lacked proper guardrails, barriers, or covers, the property owner may face significant liability. The same is true if warning signs... > Injured in a Fort Worth intersection accident? Our lawyers fight for maximum compensation. No fee unless we win. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-02-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-car-accident-lawyer/intersection-accidents/ If you were injured in an intersection accident in Fort Worth, you may be entitled to compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Texas law allows accident victims to hold negligent drivers accountable by filing a personal injury claim, and you pay nothing unless your attorney recovers money for you. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team has recovered significant compensation for clients hurt in car accidents, truck wrecks, and intersection collisions across the Fort Worth area. With more than 100 years of combined legal experience, a team of 70+ professionals, and four offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we have the resources and trial-tested skill to take on the insurance companies and win. Our personal injury division is led by Partner Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's Offices who has built a reputation for exceptional negotiation and trial skills. Senior Counsel Katie Steele, also a former Tarrant County prosecutor, brings an additional edge: she previously represented insurance companies, giving her insider knowledge of how they evaluate claims and build defenses. Founding Partner Benson Varghese, a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist who has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, focuses on serious personal injury cases headed to trial. Before law school, Benson worked as an insurance adjuster and interned for an insurance defense firm, which means he knows exactly how the other side operates. Our attorneys have been recognized as Super Lawyers, Top Attorneys by Fort Worth Magazine, 360 West, and Southlake Style, and Ty Stimpson was named Young Professional of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber and one of Fort Worth Inc. 's 40 Under 40. When your future is on the line after an intersection crash, you deserve a team with this level of experience and recognition fighting for you. You've Seen Us On Common Questions After a Fort Worth Intersection Accident Intersection crashes happen fast, but the aftermath can last for months or even years. If you were recently hurt in an intersection collision, you likely have questions. Who pays for your medical treatment? What if the other driver says it was your fault? How long do you have to take legal action? Below, we address these concerns and explain the legal framework that governs intersection accident claims in Texas. What You Must Prove in an Intersection Accident Claim To recover compensation after an intersection accident in Fort Worth, the injured party (the plaintiff) must prove four elements by a preponderance of the evidence, which means it is more likely than not that the defendant's negligence caused your injuries. The burden of proof is on you, the plaintiff, but your attorney handles the heavy lifting of gathering evidence and building your case. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001, the four elements of a negligence claim are: Duty: The at-fault driver owed you a duty of care. Every driver on Fort Worth roads has... > Clear your criminal record in Denton County. Our Denton County expunction lawyers have helped hundreds expunge arrests. Free consultation: (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-expunction-lawyer/ If you were arrested in Denton County and the case was dismissed, not prosecuted, or resulted in an acquittal, you can permanently erase the arrest from your record through expunction. An expunction removes all public trace of the arrest from law enforcement databases, background checks, and court records. Varghese Summersett has helped hundreds of Texans clear their criminal records. Our team includes five Board Certified attorneys and more than 100 years of combined legal experience across four Texas offices. With a track record of more than 1,600 dismissals, we understand how to navigate the cexpunction process in Denton County courts. In this article, our Denton County expunction lawyers explain the expunction process, eligibility requirements, and how an experienced attorney can help protect your future. You've Seen Us On Who Is Eligible for Expunction in Denton County? Not everyone with a criminal record qualifies for expunction. Texas law strictly limits who can expunge an arrest. You may be eligible if your case resulted in dismissal, acquittal, or if you were pardoned. You cannot expunge a case where you were convicted, even if you completed probation successfully. People often ask whether they can expunge a deferred adjudication. The answer is no. If you received deferred adjudication and completed it successfully, you may qualify for an order of nondisclosure, which seals the record from public view but does not destroy it. Only cases that were dismissed, resulted in not guilty verdicts, or meet other specific statutory requirements can be expunged. Other questions we frequently hear include how long the process takes, whether expunction removes the arrest from FBI databases, and what happens to fingerprints and photographs. An expunction orders all law enforcement agencies and courts to destroy their records related to your arrest. This includes local police, the Denton County Sheriff's Office, the Texas Department of Public Safety, and any other agency that has a record of the arrest. The FBI must also remove the arrest from its databases. Legal Requirements Under Article 55. 01 Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 55. 01 establishes when a person is entitled to expunction. This statute lists specific scenarios where expunction is available, and the requirements are strict. The State bears the burden of proving you are not entitled to expunction. This is different from most criminal proceedings where the State must prove guilt. In an expunction hearing, if you can show the case was dismissed or resulted in an acquittal, the burden shifts to the State to show why you should not receive the expunction. To qualify for expunction, one of the following must be true: You were arrested but charges were never filed, and the statute of limitations has expired You were charged but the case was dismissed and the statute of limitations has expired You were acquitted at trial You were convicted but later pardoned You were convicted but the conviction was reversed on appeal and the case was dismissed You completed a pretrial diversion program and the case was dismissed You were... > Here's what you need to know if you've been injured in a rear end car accident. We help Texans get back on their feet after serious accidents. - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-car-accident-lawyer/rear-end-car-accident/ Being rear-ended can be one of the scariest experiences of your life. Very often you don't even see it coming, or what you do see can be terrifying. In this article, we will discuss what comes after a rear-end accident. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth rear-end collision lawyers have a deep understanding of how these cases work and what it takes to maximize your recovery. We know insurance companies try to minimize payouts, and we fight back aggressively on your behalf. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Rear-End Collision Case? Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas law firm with more than 100 years of combined legal experience. Our personal injury team includes former prosecutors who tried hundreds of cases and attorneys who previously represented insurance companies. This insider knowledge allows us to anticipate defense strategies and build stronger cases for our clients. Partner Ty Stimpson leads our Personal Injury Division and has been recognized as a Top 40 Under 40 by the National Trial Lawyers, a Rising Star by Super Lawyers, and Young Professional of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber. Our firm has team members across four Texas offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. We handle rear-end collision cases on a contingency fee basis, meaning you pay nothing unless we win your case and we will work to find you medical care in the meantime, often with little to no upfront out of pocket expenses. You've Seen Us On What If I Felt Multiple Impacts in a Rear-End Collision? Feeling multiple impacts during a crash can be disorienting and frightening. This typically happens in one of two scenarios: either multiple vehicles hit you in rapid succession, or you were pushed forward by the initial impact and then struck by another vehicle or object. When you feel multiple impacts, the forces on your body are compounded. Each collision adds to the trauma your neck, spine, and soft tissues experience. This is why many victims of chain-reaction crashes suffer more severe injuries than those involved in simple two-car collisions. You should tell medical providers about each impact you felt, as this helps them understand the full scope of forces your body absorbed. From a legal standpoint, multiple impacts often mean multiple at-fault parties. Our attorneys investigate every collision in the chain to identify all responsible drivers and their insurance policies. This approach can significantly increase the compensation available to you. What If I'm the Middle Car in a Three-Car Pileup? Being the middle vehicle in a rear-end collision chain can feel like being caught in a pincer. You may have been pushed into the car ahead of you while simultaneously being struck from behind. Many clients worry this means they share fault for hitting the vehicle in front of them. Under Texas law, a driver who is rear-ended and pushed into another vehicle is generally not at fault for that secondary collision. The driver who initiated the chain reaction bears responsibility for the downstream impacts. If you... - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-car-accident-lawyer/ Put Our Fort Worth Auto Accident Attorney on Your Side If you've been injured in a car accident in Fort Worth, you want an attorney who knows how the other side thinks and knows how to beat them. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. You pay nothing unless we win. A Fort Worth Car Accident Lawyer Who Knows the Insurance Playbook Most personal injury firms say they fight insurance companies. Varghese Summersett actually knows how they operate from the inside. Firm founder Benson Varghese worked as an insurance adjuster before law school and interned for an insurance defense firm during law school. That experience shaped every part of how this firm builds and wins car accident cases in Fort Worth. He understands how adjusters evaluate claims, how authority limits and supervisor approvals work internally, and the exact tactics insurance companies use to minimize what they pay. Benson has been named a Top Attorney by Fort Worth Magazine every year since 2012 and a Super Lawyer every year since 2023, following seven consecutive years as a Texas Rising Star. But what matters most isn't the recognition. It's what it represents: over a decade of consistently fighting for injured Texans and winning. That institutional knowledge runs through the entire team. Ty Stimpson, a Super Lawyers Rising Star who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, handles catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases. Damian Williams, named one of Lawdragon's 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers, has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements. Katie Steele, who spent six years as a prosecutor and also represented insurance companies, brings insider knowledge from both sides of the courtroom. When an adjuster looks up who's representing you, the name on the letterhead changes the math on your case before negotiations even begin. You've Seen Us On What Insurance Companies Don't Want You to Know After a Fort Worth Car Accident The insurance company assigned to your claim is not on your side, even your own insurer. Their business model depends on paying you as little as possible, and they have an entire system designed to make that happen. Here's how it works. Quick settlement offers are traps. Within days of your accident, an adjuster may call with what sounds like a reasonable number. But that neck pain you rated 3/10 the day after the crash might require surgery six weeks later. Once you sign a release, you get nothing more, no matter how bad your injuries become. Learn more about common insurance company tactics and how to protect yourself. Recorded statements are engineered to hurt you. "How are you feeling today? " sounds like concern. But your answer ("I'm doing okay") becomes exhibit A in their argument that your injuries aren't serious. Every word is being evaluated for anything they can use against you. Delays are a strategy, not an accident. Every month they stretch negotiations, your medical bills mount and your savings drain. They know desperation leads to accepting lowball offers. The longer they wait, the cheaper... - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-car-accident-lawyer/car-accident-statistics/ Fort Worth recorded 12,865 traffic crashes in 2024, resulting in 116 deaths and more than 6,600 injuries, according to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). That works out to roughly 35 collisions every single day. As the city surpasses 1 million residents and claims the title of the 11th-largest city in the country, these numbers carry real weight for every driver, passenger, and pedestrian on Fort Worth roads. If you or someone you love has been hurt in a Fort Worth car accident, the Fort Worth car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett are here to help you understand your rights and pursue the compensation you deserve. Varghese Summersett is one of the largest and most respected law firms in North Texas, with a team of 70+ attorneys and legal professionals across four offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our personal injury attorneys are former prosecutors who know how insurance companies and defense lawyers operate. Led by Partner Ty Stimpson, our personal injury team fights to get injured Fort Worth residents the compensation they need to rebuild their lives. You've Seen Us On How Many Car Accidents Happen in Fort Worth Each Year? According to the official 2024 Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Facts report from TxDOT, Fort Worth experienced 12,865 total traffic crashes. In a single year, those collisions left more than 6,600 people injured and claimed 116 lives. The table below breaks down the severity of every reported crash in the city. Crash Severity Number of Crashes Resulting Injuries/Fatalities Fatal Crashes 106 116 Deaths Suspected Serious Injury Crashes 391 460 Serious Injuries Suspected Minor Injury Crashes 2,083 2,782 Minor Injuries Possible Injury Crashes 2,139 3,259 Possible Injuries Non-Injury Crashes 7,632 0 Unknown Severity Crashes 514 N/A Total 12,865 6,617+ Injuries & 116 Deaths These are not just numbers. Each of those 6,617 injuries represents a real person facing medical bills, missed work, and physical pain. Each of the 116 deaths left behind a family struggling to cope with sudden, devastating loss. How Does Fort Worth Compare to Other Texas Cities? Fort Worth ranked fourth among Texas cities for total crashes in 2024, behind Houston, Dallas, and El Paso. Here is how the state's largest cities compared: Rank City Total Crashes (2024) 1 Houston 66,236 2 Dallas 26,109 3 El Paso 15,253 4 Fort Worth 12,865 5 Austin 10,791 6 Arlington 5,317 Although the raw crash count places Fort Worth fourth, the city's accident rate remains a serious concern. Fort Worth is growing faster than nearly every major American city. In May 2025, U. S. Census data confirmed Fort Worth had officially surpassed 1 million residents, making it the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 11th-largest in the nation. More residents means more vehicles, more congestion, and more opportunities for serious collisions. Are Fort Worth Car Accidents Getting Better or Worse? The total number of crashes in Fort Worth has followed a general downward trend since a peak in 2017. That sounds like progress, but the fatality numbers tell... > Arrested for marijuana DWI in Denton County? Varghese Summersett's experienced attorneys defend against cannabis intoxication charges. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/marijuana-dwi/ Police can arrest you for DWI in Denton County if they believe marijuana impaired your ability to drive safely. Unlike alcohol cases with clear BAC limits, marijuana DWI prosecutions rely on officer observations, field sobriety tests, and blood test results that measure THC levels. These cases are scientifically complex and highly defensible. Varghese Summersett brings over 100 years of combined criminal defense experience to Denton County marijuana DWI cases. Our team includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists and attorneys with prosecutorial backgrounds who understand how the State builds these cases. We have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across all criminal matters. Our attorneys have tried hundreds of cases before juries and have appeared in national media as legal experts. With a team of 70 legal professionals across four Texas offices, we provide aggressive defense for clients facing marijuana intoxication charges. You've Seen Us On What Makes Marijuana DWI Different From Alcohol DWI? Marijuana DWI cases present unique challenges. There is no legal limit for THC like the 0. 08 BAC standard for alcohol. You cannot be convicted based solely on the presence of marijuana in your system. The prosecution must prove the marijuana actually impaired your ability to operate a motor vehicle safely. THC metabolites can remain detectable in blood and urine for days or weeks after use, long after any impairing effects have worn off. A positive drug test does not prove you were intoxicated while driving. This creates significant problems for prosecutors who must prove impairment through officer observations and subjective testing methods. What Is the Legal Definition of Marijuana DWI in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, driving while intoxicated occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. For marijuana cases, intoxication means not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of marijuana into the body. What Must the State Prove Beyond a Reasonable Doubt? The prosecution must establish each of these elements beyond a reasonable doubt: You operated a motor vehicle In a public place While intoxicated by marijuana The marijuana caused you to lose normal use of your mental or physical faculties The burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You have no obligation to prove your innocence or explain anything to officers. The prosecution must convince a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that marijuana impaired your driving ability at the specific time you were operating the vehicle. What Are the Penalties for Marijuana DWI in Denton County? Marijuana DWI carries the same penalties as alcohol DWI in Texas. First Offense DWI (Class B Misdemeanor) Up to 180 days in jail Fine up to $2,000 Driver's license suspension up to 1 year DWI education program required Possible ignition interlock device Annual license surcharge for 3 years Second Offense DWI (Class A Misdemeanor) 30 days to 1 year in jail Fine up to $4,000 Driver's license suspension up to 2 years Mandatory ignition interlock as condition... > Facing theft charges in Denton County? Our defense attorneys have 70+ theft dismissals. Free consultation available 24/7. Call (940) 252-2220 today. - Published: 2026-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-lawyer/ What You Need to Know About Theft Charges in Denton County If you've been arrested for theft in Denton County, you're facing more than just fines and possible jail time. A theft conviction creates a permanent criminal record that can follow you for the rest of your life, affecting your job prospects, housing applications, and professional licenses. The good news is that with the right defense strategy, many theft cases can be dismissed, reduced, or resolved in ways that protect your future. At Varghese Summersett, we've secured over 70 dismissals on theft charges alone. Our Denton County criminal defense attorneys understand the local court system and know how to build defenses that work. Whether you're facing a misdemeanor shoplifting charge or a felony theft allegation, we're here to help. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett for Theft Defense Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience defending clients against theft charges throughout Texas. Managing partner Benson Varghese, a graduate of Texas Tech University School of Law, has personally handled hundreds of theft and property crime cases during his career. The firm includes multiple attorneys who are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by less than 10% of Texas criminal defense lawyers. Our track record speaks for itself. We've secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across all practice areas, including dozens of theft case dismissals ranging from shoplifting to high-value felony theft. Our 70-member team serves clients from offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, with extensive experience in Denton County courts. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our experience means we know how to investigate theft cases, challenge weak evidence, and negotiate with prosecutors effectively. Common Concerns After a Theft Arrest Many of our clients come to us worried about specific questions: Will I go to jail? Will this show up on background checks? Can I lose my job? These are legitimate concerns, and the answers depend on several factors, including the value of the property allegedly stolen, your criminal history, and the strength of the evidence against you. First-time offenders often have options that aren't available to people with prior convictions. Denton County offers diversion programs and deferred adjudication that may allow you to avoid a conviction entirely. However, these opportunities require immediate action. Waiting to hire an attorney can limit your options significantly. What Theft Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03, a person commits theft if they unlawfully appropriate property with intent to deprive the owner of that property. "Appropriate" means to acquire or exercise control over property, and "deprive" means to withhold property permanently or for so long that a major portion of its value is lost. To convict you of theft, prosecutors must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: You unlawfully appropriated property The property belonged to another person You acted with the intent to deprive the owner of that property... > Arrested for first offense DWI in Denton County? Our criminal defense attorneys explain penalties, defenses, and how to protect your record. Free consultation. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2026-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/first-offense/ If this is your first DWI arrest in Denton County, you're facing a Class B misdemeanor with potential jail time, fines up to $2,000, and a license suspension. More importantly, you're at a crossroads where your next steps will determine whether this becomes a permanent mark on your record or a situation you can resolve favorably. At Varghese Summersett, we've helped countless clients through their first DWI. Our Denton County defense attorneys understand how overwhelming this moment feels, and we're here to guide you through every step of the legal process while protecting your future. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience defending DWI cases across Texas. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in various cases across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices. Our team includes former prosecutors and Board Certified criminal law specialists who understand exactly how the state builds DWI cases and how to challenge their evidence. We've been recognized by Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and U. S. News & World Report as one of the top criminal defense firms in Texas. In Denton County specifically, our attorneys have helped clients reduce enhanced DWI charges to standard DWIs, secure probation instead of jail time, and in many cases, keep first offenses off their permanent records entirely. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record speaks to our commitment to aggressive, strategic defense. What First Offense DWI Means in Denton County Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, a person commits the offense of Driving While Intoxicated if they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Intoxicated means not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol or drugs, or having a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or more. For a first offense DWI with no aggravating factors, the charge is a Class B misdemeanor. However, prosecutors can enhance the charge if your blood alcohol concentration was 0. 15 or higher, which makes it a Class A misdemeanor with harsher penalties. What the State Must Prove To convict you of DWI, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you: Were operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated by alcohol, drugs, or a combination of substances. The state can prove intoxication either by showing you lost normal use of your mental or physical faculties, or by presenting evidence that your blood alcohol concentration was 0. 08 or more. They'll typically rely on field sobriety tests, breath or blood test results, officer observations, dash cam footage, and any statements you made at the scene. Importantly, the state does not need to prove you were driving dangerously or caused any harm. Simply being behind the wheel while intoxicated is enough for a conviction. Penalties for First Offense DWI in Denton County The consequences of a first DWI conviction in Texas extend far beyond the immediate criminal penalties. Here's... > Arrested for a second DWI in Denton County? Our defense attorneys have helped hundreds avoid convictions. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/second-offense/ A second DWI arrest in Denton County carries consequences that can reshape your life. You face up to a year in jail, thousands in fines, and a permanent criminal record that follows you for decades. The stakes are higher than your first offense, and the prosecution will take a more aggressive approach, pushing for harsher penalities. At Varghese Summersett, we've defended hundreds of DWI cases across Texas. Many of our clients walked away with dismissals or reduced charges because we challenged evidence, questioned procedures, and fought for their futures. If you've been arrested for a second DWI in Denton County, the decisions you make now determine what happens next. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience defending DWI cases in Denton County. Our team includes former prosecutors and Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists who spent years on the other side of these cases. We've been recognized by Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers, and the National Trial Lawyers Top 100, and our attorneys have appeared as legal experts on NBC, ABC, FOX, and CBS. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we're positioned to defend clients across Denton County and North Texas. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record speaks to the level of defense we provide. What Makes a Second DWI Different The difference between a first DWI and a second isn't just the number. The second offense escalates to a Class A misdemeanor with harsher penalties and fewer options for leniency. Prosecutors know you've been through the system before, and judges are less sympathetic to arguments about mistakes or isolated incidents. The weight of that prior conviction hangs over every negotiation and every motion. The state can point to your previous case as proof that you didn't learn the first time. They can argue you're a repeat offender who poses a danger to the public. This changes the dynamic of your defense. Understanding DWI Second Offense Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(a), driving while intoxicated with one prior conviction is a Class A misdemeanor. The statute defines this as operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated after having been convicted once before for DWI, intoxication assault, or intoxication manslaughter. The prior conviction can come from anywhere in the United States. To secure a conviction, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you were operating a vehicle, that you were in a public place, that you were intoxicated at the time, and that you have one prior DWI-related conviction on your record. Each element requires specific evidence, and each element creates opportunities for your defense attorney to challenge the state's case. Penalties for DWI Second Offense in Denton County A second DWI offense in Texas is a Class A misdemeanor and may carry: Up to one year in county jail Fines of up to $4,000, plus court costs Driver’s license suspension from 180 days to two years... > A Third DWI in Denton County is a felony punishable 2-10 years in prison. Our experienced attorneys have secured dismissals on felony DWI cases. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2026-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/third-offense/ A third DWI offense in Denton County is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Unlike first or second offenses, there is no deferred adjudication available, and a conviction carries lifelong consequences including permanent loss of voting rights, employment barriers, and mandatory ignition interlock requirements. If you're facing a third DWI charge, the stakes are higher than they've ever been. The prosecution must prove you were operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated, and that you have two prior DWI convictions. Even if your previous convictions occurred years ago, they count toward your third offense. The good news is that these cases are defensible. We've secured dismissals on felony DWI cases, and we know how to challenge the evidence, protect your rights, and fight for the best possible outcome. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett with Third Offense DWI Cases Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to every felony DWI case. Our team includes former prosecutors and Board Certified criminal law specialists who understand how the prosecutors build DWI cases and where the weaknesses lie. We've successfully dismissed felony DWI charges in Denton County by challenging breath test results, blood draw procedures, and officer testimony. Our attorneys have been recognized by Texas Super Lawyers and regularly appear as legal experts in media outlets. When you're facing prison time, you need lawyers who know what they're doing. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record speaks to our commitment and capability. What Makes a Third Offense DWI Different? A third DWI conviction is not just another misdemeanor. It's a felony that fundamentally changes your legal status. You face prison time instead of county jail. You lose your right to vote until your sentence is fully discharged. You lose your right to own or possess firearms. Professional licenses may be permanently revoked. Employment opportunities disappear. Even after serving your sentence, the felony conviction follows you for life. The financial consequences are equally severe. Beyond the $10,000 fine, you'll face ignition interlock requirements, DWI intervention programs, surcharges, and higher insurance rates. For many people, a third DWI conviction also means losing their job and their immediate ability to support their family. What the Law Says About Third Offense DWI in Texas Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(b), a third DWI offense is enhanced to a third-degree felony when the defendant has two prior DWI convictions. The prosecution must prove several elements beyond a reasonable doubt to secure a conviction: First, you were operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Operation means more than just driving. It can include sitting in a parked car with the keys in the ignition, even if the engine is off. Public place includes roads, highways, parking lots, and other areas accessible to the public. Second, you were intoxicated. Texas law defines intoxication two ways: not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to... > Facing intoxication manslaughter charges in Denton County? Experienced defense matters. Protect your rights and your future. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-02 - Modified: 2026-02-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-manslaughter/ Intoxication manslaughter under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08 is a second-degree felony that occurs when someone causes the death of another person while operating a motor vehicle, boat, aircraft, or amusement ride while intoxicated. The State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you were intoxicated, you were operating a vehicle or vessel, and your intoxication caused someone's death. When you're facing intoxication manslaughter charges in Denton County, you need attorneys who understand both the technical defenses and the human side of these cases. Varghese Summersett has secured favorable outcomes in some of Texas's most serious intoxication cases. Our team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists and former prosecutors with decades of experience, including attorneys who spent years handling these exact charges from the other side of the courtroom. You've Seen Us On What You're Probably Wondering About Intoxication Manslaughter in Denton County People facing these charges often have similar questions. Can the prosecution prove I was the one driving? Will they be able to establish that my intoxication caused the death? What if there were other factors that contributed to the accident? Can I get the charges reduced like that recent case? What's going to happen at my first court date? How much is this going to cost? Will I go to prison? These are difficult questions, and the answers depend entirely on the facts of your case. What we can tell you is that intoxication manslaughter cases are defensible, and the outcome often hinges on challenging the State's evidence at every stage. Legal Definition: What the State Must Prove Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, intoxication manslaughter occurs when a person: Operates a motor vehicle in a public place, operates an aircraft, a watercraft, or an amusement ride, or assembles a mobile amusement ride Is intoxicated By reason of that intoxication causes the death of another by accident or mistake The prosecution must prove each element beyond a reasonable doubt. This is the highest burden of proof in the American legal system. The State has the burden of proof. You do not have to prove your innocence. Every element must be established with evidence so convincing that a reasonable person would not hesitate to rely on it in making important decisions. Intoxication is defined under Texas Penal Code § 49. 01 as not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of alcohol, drugs, dangerous drugs, or a combination thereof, or having an alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or more. Penalties for Intoxication Manslaughter in Texas Intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony in Texas, punishable by: 2 to 20 years in state prison A fine of up to $10,000 Possible restitution to the victim's family Driver's license suspension for 180 days to 2 years Community supervision (probation) is possible but must include a minimum of 240 hours of community service If the victim was a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical services personnel acting in their official capacity, the offense becomes a first-degree... > Charged with UCW in Texas? Learn the elements, penalties for handguns, knives & clubs, and defenses. Fort Worth gun lawyers. Unlawful carry explained. - Published: 2026-02-01 - Modified: 2026-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense/unlawful-carry-of-a-weapon/ Is it illegal to carry a gun in Texas? Carrying a handgun is legal for most Texans 21 and older (or 18-20 under recent federal court rulings), but Texas law still criminalizes carrying a weapon under certain circumstances. Unlawful Carry of a Weapon (UCW) under Texas Penal Code § 46. 02 covers handguns, clubs, and (for minors) location-restricted knives. A standard UCW charge is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail, though it becomes a third-degree felony when the offense occurs on premises licensed to sell alcohol. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett With Gun Charges When you're facing weapons charges in Texas, experience matters. Our Fort Worth gun lawyers have defended thousands of clients facing firearms-related offenses across Tarrant County and throughout Texas. With more than 100 years of combined criminal defense experience, our team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors, and attorneys who understand how weapons cases are investigated and prosecuted. Varghese Summersett has secured more than 1,600 case dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our four Texas offices. Our attorneys regularly appear on local and national media outlets discussing firearms laws and Second Amendment rights. When you work with our 70-member team, you get the resources of a large firm with the personalized attention of a boutique practice. We have offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, and we handle weapons cases in courthouses throughout the state. You've Seen Us On Who Can Legally Carry a Handgun in Texas? Before discussing what makes carrying a weapon unlawful, it's important to understand who can lawfully carry in the first place. Under current Texas law, you can carry a handgun without a license if you meet all of the following requirements: You are at least 21 years old (or 18-20 under federal court ruling) You have not been convicted of a felony within the past five years You are not a member of a criminal street gang You have no conviction for family violence within the past five years You are not subject to a protective order You are not prohibited from possessing firearms under federal law You are not intoxicated (except at your own residence) Can 18 to 20-Year-Olds Open Carry in Texas? In 2023, a federal judge ruled in Firearms Policy Coalition v. McCraw that preventing 18 to 20-year-olds from carrying handguns violates the Second Amendment. Texas chose not to appeal this ruling. Although the Texas Penal Code still states you must be 21 to carry, prosecutors are not pursuing charges against 18 to 20-year-olds who otherwise lawfully carry under the current state of the law. What Makes Carrying a Weapon Unlawful in Texas? Texas Penal Code § 46. 02 defines multiple ways a person can commit Unlawful Carry of a Weapon. Understanding the specific elements the prosecution must prove is essential for building an effective defense. Elements of UCW: What the Prosecution Must Prove For a standard UCW charge involving a handgun, the State must prove beyond a reasonable... > Facing child sexual assault charges in Denton County? Our experienced defense attorneys have secured dismissals and no-bills. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-01 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/child-sexual-assault-lawyer/ A child sexual assault charge in Denton County is among the most serious accusations you can face. A conviction can result in decades in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and permanent destruction of your reputation. The stakes could not be higher. But an accusation is not a conviction, and with the right defense team, you can fight these charges. At Varghese Summersett, we defend people accused of sex crimes involving children throughout Denton County. Our attorneys have secured no-bills from grand juries, dismissals, and acquittals in sexual assault child cases across Texas. We understand the fear and shame that comes with these allegations. We also understand how to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case and protect your rights. Why Clients Facing Sex Crime Charges Trust Varghese Summersett Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience defending Texans against serious felony charges. Managing partner Benson Varghese, a graduate of Baylor Law School, is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. He and our team have handled hundreds of cases involving sexual offenses against children, securing outcomes that include grand jury no-bills, case dismissals, and charge reductions. Our firm includes former prosecutors who understand exactly how the State builds these cases and where the vulnerabilities lie. We regularly handle high-profile matters and have been recognized by Super Lawyers, Texas Monthly, and D Magazine. Our 70-member team operates from offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, and we serve clients throughout the North Texas region, including Denton County. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. What is Child Sexual Assault Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011(a)(2), sexual assault of a child occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes sexual contact or penetration with a child under the age of 17. Unlike adult sexual assault, the prosecution does not need to prove that the contact was nonconsensual. The child's age alone establishes the offense. To secure a conviction, prosecutors must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant engaged in sexual contact or penetration with another person The other person was a child younger than 17 years of age The defendant acted intentionally or knowingly Sexual contact includes any touching of the genitals, anus, or breast with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. This broad definition means that allegations can stem from brief contact or situations that are misunderstood or misinterpreted by a child. Related Offenses Often Charged in Denton County Depending on the circumstances, prosecutors in Denton County may file charges for related offenses instead of or in addition to sexual assault of a child: Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child applies when the alleged victim is under 14, when the defendant allegedly used or exhibited a deadly weapon, caused serious bodily injury, or acted with another person. This is a first-degree felony carrying 5 to 99 years or life in prison. Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child under Texas Penal Code § 21. 02 applies when... > Charged with public lewdness? Our experienced sex crimes defense lawyers fight for dismissals and protect your future. - Published: 2026-02-01 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense/public-lewdness/ Is public lewdness a serious charge in Texas? Yes. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 07, public lewdness is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail, a $4,000 fine, and a permanent criminal record that labels you as someone who committed a sex-related offense. While you won't be required to register as a sex offender, this charge carries a stigma that can affect your employment, relationships, and reputation for years to come. If you've been arrested for public lewdness, the time to act is now. Our skilled sex crimes defense lawyer can challenge the evidence against you, protect your rights, and work toward a resolution that keeps this charge off your record. Why Trust Varghese Summersett With Your Public Lewdness Defense? At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team brings more than 100 years of combined experience to every case we handle. Our attorneys include former prosecutors who understand exactly how the state builds cases and where weaknesses exist in sex crime allegations. This perspective gives our clients a significant strategic advantage. Our track record speaks for itself: more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices. Our 70-member team includes attorneys who are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys who practice criminal law. When your future is on the line, you deserve defenders who have proven they can deliver results. You've Seen Us On What is Public Lewdness Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 07, a person commits public lewdness if they knowingly engage in sexual conduct in a public place, or if not in a public place, they are reckless about whether another person is present who will be offended or alarmed by their conduct. The law specifically prohibits three types of sexual conduct: Sexual intercourse: Any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ Deviate sexual intercourse: Contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another, or penetration of the genitals or anus with an object Sexual contact: Touching the anus, breast, or genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire For prosecutors to secure a conviction, they must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant knowingly engaged in one of these acts in a public place, or acted recklessly about whether someone present would be offended or alarmed. How is Public Lewdness Different From Indecent Exposure? Many people confuse public lewdness with indecent exposure, but these are distinct offenses under Texas law. The key difference lies in the nature of the conduct. Public lewdness involves engaging in actual sexual conduct in public. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 08, indecent exposure involves merely exposing genitals with the intent to arouse or gratify. Public lewdness is the more serious charge, classified as a Class A misdemeanor with up to one year in jail.... > Charged with child pornography in Denton County? Our defense attorneys have secured dismissals in these cases. Call now for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-30 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/child-pornography-lawyer/ If you've been arrested for child pornography in Denton County, you are facing one of the most serious charges under Texas law. A conviction can result in years in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and permanent damage to your reputation, career, and relationships. The stakes could not be higher, and the time to act is now. The experienced Denton County criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have successfully defended clients facing child pornography charges, securing dismissals and favorable outcomes in cases that seemed impossible. We understand the fear and uncertainty you're experiencing, and we're here to fight for your future. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett With Child Pornography Cases Child pornography charges demand attorneys who understand the technical, legal, and investigative complexities involved. Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to every case. Lead attorney Benson Varghese is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys. Our team includes former prosecutors who understand how these cases are built and where weaknesses can be found. The firm has secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices. In one child pornography case, our attorneys secured a complete dismissal when we demonstrated critical flaws in the prosecution's evidence chain. Our 70-member team includes investigators and forensic experts who examine every aspect of digital evidence. Disclaimer: Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. Every case is different. What Is Child Pornography Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26, it is illegal to knowingly or intentionally possess, access with intent to view, or promote visual material depicting a child engaging in sexual conduct. The law applies to photographs, videos, digital images, and other visual recordings. To secure a conviction, the prosecution must prove several elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant knowingly or intentionally possessed or accessed the material The material visually depicts a child (under 18 years old) The child is engaged in sexual conduct as defined by statute The defendant knew the character and content of the material Texas also criminalizes the promotion of child pornography under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26(e), which includes distributing, selling, or producing such material. These charges carry even more severe penalties than possession. Penalties for Child Pornography in Denton County The penalties for child pornography offenses in Texas are severe and vary based on the number of images, the nature of the material, and whether the defendant has prior convictions: Possession of fewer than 10 images: Third-degree felony, punishable by 2-10 years in prison and fines up to $10,000 Possession of 10-49 images: Second-degree felony, punishable by 2-20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000 Possession of 50+ images or video: Second-degree felony enhanced, punishable by 2-20 years Possession of 100-500 images: First-degree felony, punishable by 5-99 years or life in prison Promotion of child pornography: Second-degree felony, enhanced to first-degree with video content Beyond... > Charged with DWI with a child passenger in Denton County? You're facing state jail felony charges. Our experienced DWI defense team offers free consultations. - Published: 2026-01-30 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/dwi-child-passenger/ If you're charged with DWI with a child passenger in Denton County, you're facing a state jail felony with jail time up to two years, a $10,000 fine, and a permanent criminal record. This enhanced charge applies even if the child wasn't harmed. Your next move could determine whether you keep your freedom, your driver's license, and your reputation. This isn't standard DWI. Texas law treats driving intoxicated with a child under 15 in your vehicle as child endangerment. Prosecutors take these cases seriously because they involve children, and judges rarely show leniency. Why Denton County Trusts Varghese Summersett Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined DWI defense experience. Lead attorneys Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett have each handled thousands of intoxication cases throughout Texas. Benson is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by fewer than 3% of Texas attorneys. We've secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices. Our team includes former prosecutors who understand how the State builds child passenger DWI cases and where weaknesses exist. Attorneys from our firm regularly appear in local and national media as legal analysts, including NBC, ABC, and Fox News. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record demonstrates our commitment to protecting clients facing serious DWI charges in Denton County. What Makes DWI with Child Passenger Different? A standard first-offense DWI in Texas is a Class B misdemeanor. But drive with a child passenger under 15, and the charge becomes a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045. The law doesn't require proof that you intended to endanger the child. The child's presence in the vehicle is enough. The State must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt. First, you operated a motor vehicle in a public place. Second, you were intoxicated while operating that vehicle. Third, a passenger under 15 years old was in the vehicle at the time. Intoxication means either lacking normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or another substance, or having a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher. The State can prove intoxication through officer observations, field sobriety tests, breath tests, or blood tests. Relationship to the child doesn't matter. Whether the child is your son, your neighbor's daughter, or a stranger doesn't change the charge. The law applies equally if you're a parent driving your own children or a rideshare driver with an underage passenger. Penalties for DWI with Child Passenger in Denton County As a state jail felony, this charge carries 180 days to 2 years in state jail and a fine up to $10,000. You'll also face a driver's license suspension up to 180 days through the Texas Department of Public Safety's Administrative License Revocation (ALR) program. A felony conviction creates permanent consequences beyond jail time. You'll have a criminal record that appears on background checks. Many employers won't... > Injured in a bicycle accident in Fort Worth? Our bike accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-30 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/bike-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a car, truck, or other vehicle while riding your bicycle in Fort Worth, you may be entitled to significant compensation for your injuries, medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. A Fort Worth bike accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett can help you hold the negligent driver accountable and pursue the full value of your claim. Bicycle accidents involving motor vehicles often result in devastating injuries because cyclists have virtually no protection against the force of a collision. In fact, while cyclists and pedestrians account for only 4% of total crashes in Fort Worth, they represent 34% of all collisions resulting in death or serious injury. Whether you were struck in a crosswalk, doored by a parked car, or sideswiped on a busy Fort Worth street, our personal injury team is prepared to investigate your accident, gather evidence, and fight aggressively for the compensation you deserve. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett With Bicycle Accident Cases Our personal injury team brings decades of combined experience to every case we handle. Based in Fort Worth with additional offices in Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, our 70-member firm has the resources to take on insurance companies and corporate defendants. Our attorneys have recovered substantial settlements and verdicts for clients injured in all types of vehicle accidents, including bicycle collisions. What sets us apart is our background. Several of our attorneys are former prosecutors who understand how the other side builds cases. We use that knowledge to anticipate defense strategies and position your case for maximum recovery. Our team includes Board Certified specialists and attorneys who have been recognized by Super Lawyers, Best Lawyers in America, and other prestigious organizations for their work in personal injury litigation. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record demonstrates our commitment to achieving real results for injured clients. Bicycle Accident Statistics in Fort Worth and Tarrant County Fort Worth and Tarrant County face significant bicycle safety challenges. Understanding the scope of this problem helps illustrate why experienced legal representation matters when you've been injured in a cycling accident. Tarrant County: Among the Most Dangerous for Cyclists in Texas Tarrant County consistently ranks among the top five most dangerous counties in Texas for bicycle crashes. Between 2010 and 2016, the county recorded 1,165 bicycle crashes and 21 fatalities. According to the People Powered Movement, over 600 bicyclists are injured or killed in crashes in Tarrant County every year. For context, here's how Tarrant County compares to other major Texas counties based on bicycle crash data: Harris County (Houston): 1,149 crashes, 46 fatalities Travis County (Austin): 1,112 crashes, 11 fatalities Dallas County: 681 crashes, 16 fatalities Bexar County (San Antonio): 595 crashes, 14 fatalities Tarrant County (Fort Worth): 459 crashes, 9 fatalities (2009-2014 data) Fort Worth Crash Data (2019-2023) Fort Worth's Vision Zero Safety Action Plan analyzed crash data from 2019 to 2023, revealing troubling patterns. During this five-year period, the city experienced over 84,500 total crashes, with more than 2,731 resulting... > Arrested for boating while intoxicated in Denton County? Our BWI defense attorneys fight watercraft intoxication charges. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-29 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/boating-while-intoxicated/ Boating While Intoxicated (BWI) in Texas is a serious criminal offense that can result in jail time, substantial fines, and a permanent criminal record. If you've been arrested on the water in Denton County, you face the same criminal penalties as a DWI on the road, with the added complication of complex maritime enforcement procedures. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County DWI defense attorneys have extensive experience defending intoxication crimes. We understand how watercraft arrests happen, how law enforcement gathers evidence on the water, and what it takes to challenge these charges successfully. What Is Boating While Intoxicated in Texas? BWI occurs when someone operates a watercraft while intoxicated by alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. You can be arrested and charged even if you're not steering the boat at the time of contact with law enforcement. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 06, you're legally intoxicated if you have a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher, or if you've lost the normal use of your mental or physical faculties due to alcohol or drugs. This applies to anyone operating a motorboat, sailboat, personal watercraft, or any other vessel powered by a motor, sail, or paddle on public waters in Texas. What makes BWI different from regular DWI is where it happens. Texas Parks and Wildlife wardens patrol lakes, rivers, and reservoirs throughout Denton County. These officers have specialized training in watercraft enforcement and can board vessels to conduct safety checks that quickly turn into BWI investigations. Common Questions About BWI Charges If you're reading this, you likely have immediate concerns about what happens next. Here are the questions we hear most often from people facing BWI charges in Denton County: Can I be arrested for BWI if I'm not driving the boat? Yes. Texas law defines "operating" broadly. If you're in control of the vessel, even as a passenger with access to steering, you can be arrested. We've seen arrests where someone was sitting in the captain's chair while the boat was anchored. Do the same BAC limits apply on water? Yes. The legal limit is 0. 08, just like on the road. Officers use the same breath testing equipment they use for DWI stops. Can game wardens search my boat without a warrant? Generally yes. Wardens have broad authority to board vessels for safety inspections. What starts as a routine safety check often becomes a BWI investigation once officers detect alcohol. Will I lose my driver's license for a BWI? A BWI conviction does not trigger an automatic driver's license suspension. However, if you refused a breath or blood test, you may face an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) hearing that could affect your driving privileges. Is BWI a felony? First and second BWI offenses are misdemeanors. A third offense or higher becomes a felony, and BWI becomes a felony immediately if someone suffers serious bodily injury as a result of the intoxication. Penalties for BWI in Denton County Texas punishes boating while intoxicated with the... - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-01-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/online-solicitation-of-a-minor/ If you've been charged with online solicitation of a minor in Denton County, you're facing one of the most serious and life-altering criminal allegations in Texas. A conviction can mean years in prison, mandatory sex offender registration, and permanent damage to your career, relationships, and reputation. You need an experienced defense lawyer who understands these cases and knows how to fight back. Denton County law enforcement has made internet sex crimes a top priority. The Denton County Sheriff's Office conducts "Prostitution Demand Suppression Operations" multiple times per year, and their Human Trafficking Unit actively investigates online solicitation cases. Over just a three-year period from 2023 through 2025, documented sting operations in Denton County produced at least 63 arrests, including specific online solicitation of a minor charges. If you've been caught up in one of these operations, the time to act is now. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett for Sex Crime Defense At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County criminal defense attorneys have defended hundreds of clients against sex crime allegations. We understand the fear and uncertainty you're experiencing right now. The prosecution will have substantial resources working against you, but you don't have to face this alone. Our sex crimes defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to every case we handle. Several of our attorneys are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by fewer than 10 percent of Texas criminal defense attorneys. Our team includes former prosecutors who understand exactly how the state builds these cases. Across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices, we have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions for our clients. In one recent case involving sexual assault allegations against a child in Tarrant County, our defense team secured a grand jury no-bill after presenting evidence that undermined the prosecution's timeline and witness credibility. While past results do not guarantee future outcomes, our track record demonstrates our commitment to aggressive, thorough defense work. Our 70-member team has the resources to investigate your case thoroughly, challenge digital evidence, and identify weaknesses in the prosecution's case that other firms might miss. What Is Online Solicitation of a Minor Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 33. 021, online solicitation of a minor occurs when a person uses the internet, text messages, or other electronic communications to knowingly solicit someone they believe to be a minor to meet for the purpose of engaging in sexual contact or sexual conduct. The law also criminalizes sending sexually explicit communications to a minor with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. To secure a conviction, prosecutors must prove several elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant used electronic communications (texts, social media, dating apps, email, chat platforms) The defendant knowingly communicated with someone they believed to be a minor (under 17 years old) The communication was intended to commit a sexual offense, induce the minor to meet, or the content was... > Facing a child custody dispute in Keller? Our Keller Child Custody lawyer helps protect your parental rights. Call (817) 203-2220 today. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/keller-divorce-lawyers/keller-child-custody-lawyer/ If you're facing a child custody dispute in Keller, Texas, the decisions made now will shape your relationship with your children for years to come. Whether you're going through a divorce, seeking to modify an existing custody order, or fighting to protect your parental rights, you need an attorney who understands both the legal process and the emotional weight of what's at stake. Varghese Summersett represents parents throughout Keller, Southlake, and the surrounding Tarrant County area in all types of child custody matters. Our family law team fights to protect your rights while keeping your children's best interests at the center of every decision. Why Keller Parents Trust Varghese Summersett Child custody cases require more than legal knowledge. They require attorneys who can navigate complex family dynamics, build compelling arguments, and present your case effectively in Tarrant County family courts. Our family law team brings decades of combined experience to every custody matter we handle. Our attorneys have handled hundreds of custody disputes ranging from straightforward agreements to high-conflict litigation involving allegations of abuse, parental alienation, and relocation issues. We understand how Tarrant County judges approach custody decisions and what factors carry the most weight in their rulings. With offices in Fort Worth, just minutes from Keller, we're positioned to provide responsive, local representation when you need it most. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record demonstrates our commitment to achieving the best possible results for the families we represent. How Texas Determines Child Custody Texas uses the term "conservatorship" rather than custody, but the practical effect is the same: determining which parent makes major decisions for the child and where the child will live. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 153, courts must make custody decisions based on the "best interest of the child. " Texas law presumes that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators is in the child's best interest. This means both parents share rights and duties, though one parent is typically designated as having the exclusive right to determine the child's primary residence. The other parent receives a possession schedule, commonly called visitation. In some cases, one parent may be named sole managing conservator, while the other becomes a possessory conservator with more limited rights. This arrangement is more common when there's a history of family violence, substance abuse, or other factors that make joint decision-making impractical or unsafe. What Keller Family Courts Consider When determining custody arrangements, Tarrant County family court judges evaluate numerous factors to determine what serves the child's best interests. These factors include: The child's physical and emotional needs, both now and in the future Any physical or emotional danger to the child The parenting abilities of each party Programs available to assist the individuals in promoting the child's best interest Plans for the child by each parent The stability of the proposed home environment Each parent's willingness to encourage a positive relationship with the other parent The child's preference (if 12 or older) Judges in Tarrant County... > Need a Keller child support lawyer? Our family law team helps parents establish, modify, and enforce child support orders in Tarrant County. Call today. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/keller-divorce-lawyers/keller-child-support-lawyer/ If you're facing a child support matter in Keller, you need an attorney who understands both the Texas guidelines and the realities of raising children in today's economy. Whether you're seeking to establish a new support order, modify an existing one, or enforce payments that have fallen behind, the stakes are high for both you and your children. At Varghese Summersett, our family law attorneys help Keller parents protect their children's financial futures. We handle child support cases in the Tarrant County family courts and understand how local judges apply Texas law in these sensitive matters. A child support order affects your family for years. Getting it right from the start matters. Why Keller Families Trust Our Child Support Attorneys Our family law team includes attorneys who have handled hundreds of child support matters across Tarrant County. Lead family law attorney Christy Dunn, a graduate of Texas Wesleyan University School of Law, brings years of experience representing parents on both sides of support disputes. Our 70-member team across four Texas offices provides the resources to thoroughly investigate income, handle complex asset situations, and present compelling arguments in court. We've helped parents in high-income cases where support exceeds the statutory guidelines, self-employed parents whose income requires careful documentation, and families where one parent is deliberately avoiding their financial obligations. Our attorneys appear regularly in the Tarrant County family courts located in downtown Fort Worth, giving us insight into how local judges handle discretionary decisions in child support cases. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our experience informs our approach to every case. How Texas Calculates Child Support Texas uses a percentage-of-income model to calculate child support. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 154, the court looks at the paying parent's net monthly resources and applies a percentage based on the number of children. For one child, the guideline amount is 20% of net resources. For two children, it's 25%. Three children results in a 30% guideline, four children means 35%, and five or more children triggers a 40% guideline. These percentages assume the paying parent has no other children to support. When there are children from other relationships, the percentages adjust downward. Net resources include more than just wages. The calculation encompasses salary, commissions, overtime, tips, bonuses, self-employment income, interest, dividends, rental income, severance pay, retirement benefits, trust income, annuities, capital gains, and social security benefits. The court subtracts federal income taxes, social security taxes, state income tax (if applicable), union dues, and health insurance premiums for the child. The Child Support Cap in Texas Texas caps the net resources considered for guideline child support. As of September 2023, the cap applies to the first $9,200 in monthly net resources. This means the maximum guideline support for one child is $1,840 per month. However, if the paying parent earns above this cap, the court can order additional support if the child's proven needs require it. In Keller, where many families have above-average incomes, above-guideline child support is common. Our attorneys... > Charged with unlawful restraint in Denton County? Our criminal defense lawyers protect your rights and your record. Call today for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/unlawful-restraint/ If you're charged with unlawful restraint in Denton County, you're facing a serious accusation that could result in jail time, fines, and a permanent criminal record. This charge involves intentionally or knowingly restricting someone's movement without their consent. What started as an argument or misunderstanding can quickly escalate into a criminal case that threatens your freedom and your future. The fear of what comes next is real. You're worried about jail, about losing your job, about what this means for your family. You're wondering if you can fight this charge and what options you have. The good news is that unlawful restraint cases can be defended, and the right Denton County unlawful restraint lawyer can make the difference between a conviction and a dismissal. At Varghese Summersett, we've handled hundreds of assault and restraint cases across Texas. We know how these charges work, how prosecutors build their cases, and how to challenge the evidence against you. If you've been arrested for unlawful restraint in Denton County, don't wait. The decisions you make right now will shape the outcome of your case. What Is Unlawful Restraint? Unlawful restraint happens when you restrict another person's movement without their consent. This doesn't require physical force or violence. Simply blocking someone from leaving a room, holding a door shut, or grabbing someone's arm to prevent them from walking away can be charged as unlawful restraint if the other person did not agree to be held. The charge often arises in domestic situations. A couple is arguing, one tries to leave, and the other prevents them from going. What felt like an emotional moment becomes a criminal case. Police are called, arrests are made, and suddenly you're facing charges that could alter your life. Unlawful restraint is different from kidnapping. Kidnapping involves moving someone against their will or hiding them with the intent to harm, hold them for ransom, or use them as a shield. Unlawful restraint is less severe but still carries serious consequences. What Unlawful Restraint Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 02, a person commits unlawful restraint if they intentionally or knowingly restrain another person. The statute defines "restrain" as restricting a person's movements without consent, so as to interfere substantially with their liberty, by moving the person from one place to another or by confining the person. Consent is a key element. If the alleged victim agreed to stay or to be held, there is no unlawful restraint. Prosecutors must prove that you acted without the other person's consent and that you knew your actions were restricting their freedom. The charge can be enhanced if the person restrained is under 17 years old. This makes the offense a state jail felony instead of a misdemeanor, which carries harsher penalties. Penalties for Unlawful Restraint in Texas Unlawful restraint is typically a Class A misdemeanor in Texas. This carries the following penalties: Up to one year in county jail A fine of up to $4,000 Probation A permanent criminal... > Our Southlake adoption lawyer guides families through stepparent, agency, and private adoptions in Texas. Protect your family's future today. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/adoption-lawyer/ If you are considering adoption in Southlake, our Southlake adoption lawyer can help you understand the legal requirements and guide you through every step of the process. Adoption in Texas involves strict procedural rules, background checks, home studies, and court hearings that must be handled correctly to finalize the legal relationship between you and your child. Whether you are pursuing a stepparent adoption, private infant adoption, foster care adoption, or seeking to recognize a foreign adoption decree, the process can feel overwhelming. You may be wondering what paperwork is required, how long the process takes, or whether you qualify to adopt. An adoption lawyer ensures that all legal requirements are satisfied so the adoption can proceed without unnecessary delays or complications. Why Southlake Families Trust Varghese Summersett for Adoption Our Southlake family law team has helped families throughout North Texas complete adoptions for more than a decade. Managing partner Anna Summersett, a graduate of SMU Dedman School of Law, leads our family law practice and has personally guided countless families through the adoption process. The firm's family law attorneys bring a combined 50+ years of experience to matters involving child custody, conservatorship, and parental rights. Our family law attorneys understand that adoption is about building and protecting families. We approach each case with compassion while providing the legal precision required to finalize your adoption successfully. Our track record demonstrates our commitment to achieving the best possible results for the families we serve. Adoption in the Southlake Area: What the Data Shows Our firm compiled data from the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) to better understand adoption trends in the communities we serve. Because public data is reported by county rather than individual city, we analyzed figures from Tarrant and Denton Counties, the two counties that encompass Southlake. The numbers reveal a consistent and significant need for adoptive families in our area. Between fiscal years 2021 and 2024, more than 1,100 children were adopted from the foster care system in Tarrant and Denton Counties combined. Here is the year-by-year breakdown: FY 2021: 318 adoptions (224 in Tarrant County, 94 in Denton County) FY 2022: 322 adoptions (220 in Tarrant County, 102 in Denton County) FY 2023: 321 adoptions (229 in Tarrant County, 92 in Denton County) FY 2024: 227 adoptions (175 in Tarrant County, 52 in Denton County) These figures represent only CPS adoptions from the foster care system. They do not include private infant adoptions, agency adoptions, stepparent adoptions, kinship adoptions, adult adoptions, or international adoption recognitions, which together account for a substantial additional number of adoptions each year. The consistent volume of foster care adoptions alone demonstrates the vital role that adoptive families play in our community and the ongoing need for permanency in the lives of local children. Source: Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, CPS 4. 5 Adoptions Consummated by County FY2015-2024, Texas Open Data Portal. Types of Adoption in Texas Texas law recognizes several types of adoption, each with its own requirements... > Arrested for domestic violence in Denton County? A skilled Denton County Domestic Violence Lawyer can help defend your freedom and reputation. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-domestic-violence-lawyer/ If you've been arrested for domestic violence in Denton County, you're facing a charge that can follow you for the rest of your life. A conviction can cost you your job, your reputation, your right to own a firearm, and in some cases, access to your own children. Even if the alleged victim wants the charges dropped, prosecutors often move forward anyway. The family violence designation makes these cases uniquely difficult. Unlike other assault charges, domestic violence carries collateral consequences that extend far beyond jail time and fines. Many people don't realize that once the family violence label is attached to your record, it never comes off unless you fight it in court. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County domestic violence lawyers understand what's at stake. We've handled hundreds of family violence cases across North Texas and know how to challenge weak evidence, negotiate charge reductions, and when necessary, take cases to trial. If you've been accused, we can help. What Does "Domestic Violence" Mean in Denton County? Texas doesn't have a specific crime called "domestic violence. " Instead, prosecutors use the term to describe assault or other violent offenses committed against a family member, household member, or dating partner. The actual charge might be assault causing bodily injury, assault by contact, or aggravated assault, but when it involves a protected relationship, courts add the family violence designation. Under Texas Family Code § 71. 004, family violence includes acts by one family or household member intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault. It also includes acts that are reasonably likely to cause imminent physical harm. The key is the relationship between the accused and the alleged victim. Family violence applies when the incident involves: Current or former spouses People who live together or have lived together Parents of the same child (even if they've never been married or lived together) Current or former dating partners Family members related by blood or marriage Foster parents and foster children This broad definition means that arguments between roommates, disputes between parents who share custody, or altercations between people who dated briefly can all result in domestic violence charges. https://youtu. be/ZojXbvqmCV4 Common Domestic Violence Charges in Denton County Most domestic violence cases in Denton County involve assault charges under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01. The specific charge depends on the severity of the alleged conduct and whether the accused has prior convictions. Assault by Contact (Class C Misdemeanor) This is the least serious assault charge. It applies when someone intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another person when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. Examples include pushing, shoving, or grabbing. A Class C assault by contact is typically punishable by a fine up to $500. However, when the family violence designation is added, the consequences extend far beyond the ticket. It becomes a permanent part of your criminal history and can be used to enhance... - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-01-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/prostitution/ If you've been arrested for prostitution in Denton County, you're facing a criminal charge that can follow you for years, affecting your job, housing, and reputation. The Denton County Sheriff's Office has made prostitution enforcement a priority, conducting multiple "Prostitution Demand Suppression Operations" each year that have resulted in more than 63 arrests over the past three years alone. The good news is that prostitution charges are often defensible, and with the right criminal defense lawyer, many cases end in dismissal, reduced charges, or deferred adjudication that keeps a conviction off your record. Our criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett has secured multiple dismissals in prostitution cases throughout Texas. We understand that an arrest is not a conviction, and we fight aggressively to protect your future. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett With Prostitution Defense When you're facing a charge as sensitive as prostitution, you need attorneys who understand both the legal complexities and the personal stakes involved. Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to every case, with multiple attorneys Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. This certification is held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys who practice criminal law. Across our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices, our team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in criminal cases ranging from misdemeanors to serious felonies. Several of our attorneys are former prosecutors who know how the other side builds these cases and where the weaknesses lie. While past results do not guarantee future outcomes, our track record demonstrates our commitment to achieving the best possible result for every client. Prostitution Sting Operations in Denton County Denton County has become one of the more aggressive jurisdictions in North Texas when it comes to prostitution enforcement. The Denton County Sheriff's Office (DCSO) conducts "Prostitution Demand Suppression Operations" multiple times per year, often in coordination with the Department of Homeland Security, Texas Department of Public Safety, and neighboring sheriff's offices including Tarrant County. These operations typically involve law enforcement creating fake online advertisements and then arresting individuals who respond and agree to pay for sexual services. The numbers tell the story of just how active Denton County has been: March 2023: 17 arrests in a joint multi-agency operation December 2023: 11 arrests in a two-day human trafficking operation June 2024: 14 arrests in a demand suppression operation August 2024: 18 arrests in another demand suppression sting May 2025: 3 arrests, including 1 for online solicitation of a minor In total, at least 63 people have been arrested in documented Denton County sting operations over approximately three years. These operations have netted residents from throughout the DFW metroplex, including Denton, Argyle, Lantana, Highland Village, and surrounding communities. The DCSO Human Trafficking Unit also pursues individual cases outside of large-scale stings, particularly those involving allegations of online solicitation of a minor. These cases carry dramatically more serious consequences, including second-degree felony charges. If you've been caught up in one... > Facing drug delivery charges in Denton County? Our experienced criminal defense attorneys fight manufacture and delivery cases. Free consultation. 817-230-2220 - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/drug-delivery/ A drug delivery charge in Denton County is more than a felony on your record. It can mean years in prison, tens of thousands in fines, and a permanent criminal history that follows you for life. If you're facing manufacture or delivery of a controlled substance charges, what you do next matters. Every drug delivery case is different. Some involve undercover stings. Others stem from search warrants or traffic stops. The prosecution will try to prove you intentionally sold, gave, or distributed drugs. Your Denton County drug delivery defense attorney will need to challenge their evidence at every turn. What Is Drug Delivery Under Texas Law? Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 112, delivery means the actual or constructive transfer of a controlled substance to another person. This includes selling drugs, giving them away, or even offering to deliver them. Manufacture means producing, preparing, or compounding a controlled substance. The state doesn't have to prove you sold drugs for money. Simply handing someone a pill or splitting drugs with a friend can qualify as delivery. Even offering to sell drugs, even if the transaction never happens, can support a delivery charge. Texas divides controlled substances into penalty groups. Penalty Group 1 includes heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine, and fentanyl. Penalty Group 2 includes ecstasy and PCP. The penalty group and the weight determine the severity of your charge. https://youtu. be/lwepnD7SMqA What Are the Penalties for Drug Delivery in Texas? Drug delivery penalties depend on the type and amount of the substance. For Penalty Group 1 substances like methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, or fentanyl, the penalties are severe. For less than one gram, you're looking at a state jail felony with 180 days to two years in state jail and a fine up to $10,000. Between one and four grams is a second-degree felony: two to 20 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000. Between four and 200 grams becomes a first-degree felony with five to 99 years or life in prison and a fine up to $10,000. Between 200 and 400 grams carries 10 to 99 years or life and up to $100,000 in fines. Over 400 grams means 15 to 99 years or life and up to $250,000 in fines. For Penalty Group 2 substances like ecstasy, the penalties are slightly less severe but still life-changing. Less than one gram is a state jail felony. One to four grams is a second-degree felony. Four to 400 grams is a first-degree felony with five to 99 years or life. These are just prison sentences. A drug delivery conviction can also mean loss of voting rights, professional licenses, student loans, and housing assistance. What Can You Expect for Bond in a Drug Delivery Case? Bond amounts in drug delivery cases vary widely based on the weight and substance involved. In our analysis of Tarrant County bonds, the most common bond for manufacture or delivery of Penalty Group 1 controlled substances between four and 200 grams was $20,000, with an average... > Charged with drug possession in a Denton County drug-free zone? These enhanced penalties add serious prison time. Our defense attorneys fight to protect your future. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/drug-free-zones/ If you're charged with possession or delivery of drugs in a Denton County drug-free zone, you're facing more than a standard drug charge. Texas law adds an automatic penalty enhancement that can turn a misdemeanor into a felony or bump a low-level felony into a higher classification with decades behind bars. Drug-free zone cases trigger panic for good reason. The stakes multiply instantly, and many people don't realize the location of their arrest until they're already sitting in jail. But these charges can be fought. Location errors, measurement disputes, and constitutional violations create real defense opportunities. In this article, our Denton drug lawyers explain how Texas drug-free zone laws work, what penalties you actually face, and the defense strategies that can be used to challenge the enhancement or the underlying charge altogether. What Are Drug-Free Zones Under Texas Law? Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 134, a drug-free zone is a designated area within 1,000 feet of certain locations where the state imposes harsher penalties for drug offenses. These locations include schools, daycares, playgrounds, youth centers, public swimming pools, and video arcades. If you're charged with manufacturing, delivering, or possessing drugs with intent to deliver within one of these zones, prosecutors will seek an enhanced penalty. The law doesn't care if you knew you were in a drug-free zone or if children were present at the time. The 1,000-foot boundary is measured from the property line of the protected location, not the building itself. That means you could be multiple blocks away from a school and still face drug-free zone charges. What Locations Trigger Drug-Free Zone Penalties? Texas law designates specific locations as drug-free zones. The most common include: Schools and school buses. Any public or private elementary, middle, or high school property counts, as does the interior of a school bus. Daycare facilities and youth centers. Licensed childcare centers and facilities where minors regularly gather for supervised activities fall under this protection. Playgrounds and public swimming pools. City parks with playground equipment and municipal or county swimming pools open to the public are included. Video arcades. Businesses primarily devoted to coin-operated amusement machines also trigger drug-free zone enhancements in Texas. The boundaries extend 1,000 feet from the property line. In urban areas like Denton, this can cover substantial territory. Entire neighborhoods, apartment complexes, and commercial districts can fall within overlapping drug-free zones without any visible markers or signage. How Drug-Free Zone Charges Increase Penalties Drug-free zone enhancements escalate both the classification and potential sentence for drug offenses. Here's how the penalties increase: If the underlying offense is a state jail felony (possession under 1 gram), the drug-free zone enhancement bumps it to a third-degree felony. That changes the sentencing range from 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility to 2 to 10 years in prison. If the underlying offense is a third-degree felony (delivery of less than 1 gram), the enhancement raises it to a second-degree felony, increasing the range from 2-10 years to... > Arrested for drug paraphernalia in Denton County? Our criminal defense attorneys fight paraphernalia charges. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/paraphernalia/ If you're arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia in Denton County, you're facing criminal charges that could lead to jail time, fines, and a permanent record. Many people don't realize how seriously Texas prosecutors treat these cases. A conviction can affect your employment, housing options, and professional licenses. At Varghese Summersett, we defend clients across Denton County who are facing drug paraphernalia charges, fighting to get cases dismissed, charges reduced, or penalties minimized while protecting your future at every stage of the process. What Is Drug Paraphernalia Under Texas Law? Drug paraphernalia includes any equipment, product, or material used to plant, grow, harvest, manufacture, process, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce a controlled substance into the body. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 125, possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $500. Common items that prosecutors charge as paraphernalia include: Pipes and smoking devices Bongs or water pipes Vaporizers Rolling papers or blunt wraps Baggies with drug residue Syringes or needles Scales used to weigh drugs Grinders Spoons or containers with residue The charge is based on the intended use of the item. Police officers and prosecutors look at factors like visible residue, statements made during the arrest, proximity to drugs, and the overall context of the situation. Even a simple pipe with no visible residue can lead to charges if officers believe it was used for illegal drug consumption. Penalties for Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Texas Possession of drug paraphernalia is typically a Class C misdemeanor. This means the maximum penalty is a fine of up to $500. While this might seem minor, it still results in a criminal conviction on your permanent record. If you're charged with delivery or manufacture of drug paraphernalia under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 125(b), the offense escalates to a Class A misdemeanor. This carries penalties of: Up to 1 year in jail A fine of up to $4,000 Probation Delivering paraphernalia to a minor under 18 years of age is a state jail felony under Section 481. 125(c), punishable by: 180 days to 2 years in state jail A fine of up to $10,000 Collateral Consequences Beyond Criminal Penalties A drug paraphernalia conviction can affect more than just your wallet or your freedom. Even a Class C misdemeanor creates a criminal record that shows up on background checks. This can lead to: Difficulty finding employment in fields that require clean records Disqualification from certain professional licenses (nursing, teaching, commercial driving) Loss of federal student aid eligibility Immigration consequences for non-citizens Increased penalties for any future drug-related offenses What About Bond for Drug Paraphernalia Cases? If you're arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia, bond amounts vary by county. While we don't yet have comprehensive Denton County-specific bond data, our analysis of neighboring Tarrant County shows that bond amounts for minor drug offenses typically range from $500 to $2,500. In Tarrant County, possession charges under Texas Health... > Fort Bend County Jail inmate search, visitation, bail bonds & booking info. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-county-jail/ Where is the Fort Bend County Jail? The Fort Bend County Jail is located at 1410 Williams Way Blvd, Richmond, TX 77469. The jail is operated by the Fort Bend County Sheriff's Office. To search for an inmate or get information about someone in custody, call (281) 341-4735 or use the online jail inquiry system. If you or someone you love has been arrested in Fort Bend County, you likely have urgent questions about the booking process, bail, visitation, and what happens next. This guide covers everything you need to know about the Fort Bend County Jail, city jails, juvenile detention, and how to navigate the criminal justice system in Fort Bend County. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston-area Fort Bend criminal defense lawyers have helped thousands of people get out of jail and fight their charges. With more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions, our team of 70+ legal professionals includes former prosecutors who know how the system works from the inside. We offer free consultations 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call (281) 805-2220 now to speak with an attorney who can help. Fort Bend County Jail Contact Information Here is the essential contact information for the Fort Bend County Jail: Address: 1410 Williams Way Blvd, Richmond, TX 77469 Main Phone: (281) 341-4735 Fax: (281) 341-4733 Jail Inquiry Portal: fortbendcountytx. gov/node/76 Inmate Search: Search for an Inmate in Custody How Do I Find an Inmate in Fort Bend County Jail? Fort Bend County provides several ways to search for inmates currently housed in the jail. The fastest method is using the online inmate search tool on the Fort Bend County Sheriff's Office website. You can search by the inmate's first and last name, date of birth, or booking number. If you cannot locate someone online, call the jail directly at (281) 341-4735. Keep in mind that recently arrested individuals may not appear in the system immediately. Booking can take several hours, and there may be a delay before their information becomes publicly available. If the person was arrested by a city police department (Sugar Land, Missouri City, Katy, etc. ), they may still be in that city's holding facility before being transferred to the county jail. See the city jails section below for more information. For inmates who have been transferred to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ), use the state's offender locator at TDCJ Offender Search. What Is the Booking Process at Fort Bend County Jail? After an arrest in Fort Bend County, the defendant is transported to the Fort Bend County Jail for booking. This process typically takes anywhere from 2 to 8 hours, depending on how busy the jail is. During booking, jail staff will complete the following steps: Record the defendant's personal information, including name, date of birth, and address Take fingerprints and photographs (mugshots) Document the charges and arresting agency Conduct a medical screening Inventory and store personal property Assign a housing unit based on the charges and security classification... > Facing misdemeanor charges in Fort Bend County? Our experienced defense attorneys protect your record. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-28 - Modified: 2026-01-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-criminal-defense-lawyer/misdemeanor-lawyer/ A misdemeanor conviction in Fort Bend County can follow you for life, affecting your job prospects, housing applications, and professional licenses. Whether you're facing a first offense or dealing with enhanced charges, you need an experienced Fort Bend misdemeanor lawyer who understands how to protect your future. At Varghese Summersett, we've helped thousands of Texans fight criminal charges, and we can help you too. Why Clients Choose Varghese Summersett for Misdemeanor Defense Our Fort Bend criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to every case we handle. Our attorneys include Board Certified specialists in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization and former prosecutors who understand exactly how the other side builds cases against defendants like you. Across our four Texas offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, our 70-member team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. We know what it takes to fight misdemeanor charges in Fort Bend County, from negotiating with prosecutors at the Fort Bend County Justice Center to challenging evidence at trial. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record speaks to our commitment to every client we represent. Common Misdemeanors We Handle in Fort Bend County Texas law divides misdemeanors into three classes, each carrying different potential penalties. Fort Bend County prosecutors pursue these charges aggressively, but an experienced defense attorney can often secure dismissals, reduced charges, or alternative sentencing that keeps your record clean. Class A Misdemeanors Class A misdemeanors are the most serious misdemeanor offenses in Texas, punishable by up to one year in county jail and fines up to $4,000. Common Class A charges we defend in Fort Bend County include: Assault causing bodily injury (Texas Penal Code § 22. 01) when the victim is not a family member Assault causing bodily injury to a family member (first offense) under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(1) DWI with a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 15 or higher Second DWI offense Theft of property valued between $750 and $2,500 Unlawful carrying of a weapon Resisting arrest Burglary of a vehicle In our analysis of over 10,000 Fort Bend County bonds, assault causing bodily injury to a family member was one of the most common charges, with 788 cases in 2025 alone. The most common bond for these cases was $2,000. Class B Misdemeanors Class B misdemeanors carry up to 180 days in county jail and fines up to $2,000. These include: First-offense DWI under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04 Possession of marijuana under 2 ounces (Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 121) Theft of property valued between $100 and $750 Criminal mischief ($100 to $750 in damages) Evading arrest on foot Criminal trespass Terroristic threat Indecent exposure Prostitution (first offense) Harassment First-offense DWI is one of the most frequently charged offenses in Fort Bend County. Our bond data shows 658 standard DWI cases in 2025, with the most common bond set at $1,500. Class C Misdemeanors Class C... > Facing stalking charges in Denton County? Our experienced criminal defense lawyers protect your rights and fight for the best possible outcome. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-27 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/stalking/ Being arrested for stalking in Denton County creates immediate problems. You face a third-degree felony charge, potential prison time up to 10 years, and a permanent criminal record that follows you everywhere. The charge itself damages your reputation before you ever see a courtroom. Stalking accusations often arise from messy breakups, custody disputes, or misunderstood communication. What you thought was harmless contact or an attempt to reconcile can be twisted into evidence of harassment. Prosecutors in Denton County take these cases seriously, especially when a protective order is already in place. The criminal justice system moves quickly after a stalking arrest. Bond decisions happen within hours. Protective orders can be issued immediately. Your freedom to go where you want and communicate with certain people vanishes overnight. One phone call or text message can lead to additional charges while your case is pending. What Makes Behavior Stalking Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 42. 072, stalking occurs when you engage in conduct on more than one occasion that is directed at another person and would cause a reasonable person to fear bodily injury or death for themselves or a family member, or feel harassed, annoyed, alarmed, abused, tormented, embarrassed, or offended. The law doesn't require physical contact. Stalking can include following someone, appearing at their home or workplace, surveilling them, making threats, or sending unwanted communications. The critical element is a pattern of behavior that causes fear or emotional distress. Texas law creates an enhanced offense if stalking occurs while you're subject to a protective order. The charge elevates from a third-degree felony to a second-degree felony, increasing the potential prison sentence to 20 years. The Difference Between Stalking and Related Charges Stalking overlaps with several other offenses in Texas, but each has distinct elements. Understanding the differences matters because the penalties and defense strategies vary. Harassment under Texas Penal Code § 42. 07 involves conduct intended to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another person. Harassment is typically a Class B misdemeanor unless committed against a public servant or while violating a protective order. The key difference is that stalking requires repeated conduct and a fear element. Violation of a protective order falls under Texas Penal Code § 25. 07. If you communicate with or go near someone protected by a court order, you commit this offense regardless of whether the contact causes fear. A first violation is a Class A misdemeanor, but subsequent violations become felonies. Terroristic threat under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07 involves threatening to commit violence against a person or place with intent to cause fear or reaction. This charge doesn't require repeated conduct but focuses on the severity of the threat made. Penalties and Consequences for Stalking in Denton County Stalking is a third-degree felony in Texas. The punishment range includes: Two to 10 years in state prison A fine up to $10,000 Both prison time and a fine If the stalking occurs while you're under a protective order or if... > Facing felony charges in Denton County? Our Denton County Felony Lawyer has secured hundreds of dismissals, reductions, and acquittals. Call now for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-27 - Modified: 2026-01-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/denton-county-felony-lawyer/ A felony conviction in Denton County can result in years in prison, thousands of dollars in fines, and a permanent criminal record that affects every aspect of your life. Whether you are facing drug charges, assault allegations, or DWI with prior convictions, the stakes are too high to face alone. You need a Denton County felony lawyer who understands the Denton County courts, the prosecutors, and the strategies that work. Varghese Summersett represents clients facing all types of felony charges throughout Denton County, from Denton and Lewisville to Flower Mound, Little Elm, and Corinth. Our team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We know what it takes to fight felony charges effectively. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett for Felony Defense Our criminal defense team brings over 100 years of combined experience to felony cases in Denton County. With four Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists and six former prosecutors on staff, we understand both sides of the courtroom. Our attorneys have handled thousands of felony cases involving drug trafficking, aggravated assault, sexual assault, and homicide charges across Texas. The firm's 70-member team operates from offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, allowing us to serve clients throughout the DFW metroplex. Our attorneys regularly appear in Denton County courts and have established working relationships with local judges and prosecutors. This matters when negotiating plea agreements or preparing for trial. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record speaks to our dedication. We have secured dismissals, acquittals, and reduced charges in cases ranging from drug possession to murder. Every case receives the attention and resources it deserves. Common Felony Charges in Denton County Denton County processes thousands of felony cases each year. Based on our analysis of over 12,900 bond records from Denton County in 2025, these are the most common felony charges our clients face. Drug Felonies Drug charges account for the largest category of felony arrests in Denton County. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 115, possession of a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 (which includes cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and fentanyl) becomes a felony when the amount exceeds one gram. In Denton County, we see these drug felonies most frequently: Possession of Controlled Substance (1-4 grams): State jail felony with bonds typically set at $5,000 Possession of Controlled Substance (4-200 grams): Third-degree felony with average bonds around $12,500 Manufacturing or Delivery of Controlled Substance (4-200 grams): Second-degree felony with average bonds exceeding $36,000 Possession of Marijuana (4 oz to 5 lbs): State jail felony with bonds typically set at $5,000 A drug conviction can mean years in prison and a permanent record. Our attorneys have successfully challenged search warrants, questioned lab results, and negotiated deferred adjudication for clients facing drug charges. In one recent case, we got possession charges in a drug-free zone dismissed entirely when prosecutors could not prove our client knew drugs were in the vehicle. Assault and Violence Felonies Assault charges in Denton County range... > Charged with making a terroristic threat in Denton County? Our experienced defense attorneys protect your rights and fight for your freedom. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-27 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/terroristic-threat/ A terroristic threat charge in Denton County can result in jail time, steep fines, and a criminal record that follows you for years. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07, you can be charged even if you never intended to carry out the threat. The fear you caused is enough. Whether the threat was made during an argument with a family member, posted online, or directed at a public servant, prosecutors take these cases seriously. You need a Denton County defense lawyer who knows how to challenge the evidence and protect your future. https://youtu. be/DW47kpcrqqY What Terroristic Threat Means Under Texas Law Texas Penal Code § 22. 07 defines terroristic threat as threatening to commit violence against any person or place with the intent to place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury, to prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building or public place, or to cause impairment or interruption of public communications or utilities. The threat can be communicated verbally, in writing, or electronically. What makes this charge different from other threats is the level of fear required. The state does not need to prove that you intended to actually carry out the threat. They only need to prove that you made the threat and that it caused fear of imminent harm. The most common scenarios include threats made during domestic disputes, threats directed at schools or public places, threats made on social media, and threats against peace officers or judges. Types of Terroristic Threat Charges Texas law recognizes different types of terroristic threats based on who is threatened and where the threat occurs. The penalties increase depending on the severity and target of the threat. Terroristic Threat Against Family or Household Member This is the most common form of terroristic threat charge. It typically arises from domestic disputes where one person threatens another family or household member. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07(c)(1), this offense is a Class A misdemeanor. The state must prove that the threat caused fear of imminent serious bodily injury to a family or household member. Terroristic Threat Causing Fear of Imminent Serious Bodily Injury When a threat is directed at any person and causes fear of imminent serious bodily injury, it is charged under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07(c). This is also a Class A misdemeanor. The key element is that the victim genuinely feared they would be seriously harmed in the near future. Terroristic Threat Against Peace Officer or Judge Threats directed at peace officers, judges, or their families are treated more seriously. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07(c-1), this offense is a third-degree felony. The law recognizes that threatening public servants undermines the justice system and public safety. Terroristic Threat to Interrupt Public Place When a threat is made with the intent to prevent or interrupt the use of a building, public place, or public transportation, it falls under Texas Penal Code § 22. 07(d). This includes bomb threats, school threats, and threats... - Published: 2026-01-27 - Modified: 2026-01-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/uncontested-divorce/ An uncontested divorce in Southlake is one of the fastest, least expensive ways to end a marriage when both spouses agree on all major issues, including property division, child custody, and support. If you and your spouse are on the same page, you could finalize your divorce in as little as 61 days. At Varghese Summersett, our Southlake family law attorneys help couples who want to dissolve their marriage without the stress, cost, and uncertainty of litigation. Why Clients Choose Varghese Summersett for Uncontested Divorce Our family law team has helped hundreds of Tarrant County families through divorce, including many couples seeking an amicable resolution. Our team handles every detail so you can focus on moving forward. With offices in Southlake, Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston, our firm is well-positioned to serve clients across the DFW metroplex. We take the complexity out of uncontested divorce and guide you through each step of the Texas divorce process. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but our track record of satisfied clients speaks to our commitment to personalized, efficient service. What Is an Uncontested Divorce? An uncontested divorce means both spouses agree on every issue in the divorce. There is nothing left to argue about in court. This includes agreement on how to divide property and debts, whether either spouse will receive spousal support, and if children are involved, who will have custody and how much child support will be paid. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, either spouse can file for divorce without proving fault. Texas is a "no-fault" state, which means you do not have to show that your spouse did anything wrong. You simply need to state that the marriage has become insupportable due to conflict or discord that cannot be reconciled. The distinction between contested and uncontested divorces matters because contested cases require hearings, discovery, and often trial. Uncontested cases skip most of that, saving time and money. Requirements for an Uncontested Divorce in Texas To file for an uncontested divorce in Southlake (which falls under Tarrant County jurisdiction), you must meet certain requirements. First, at least one spouse must have been a Texas resident for six months before filing. Second, at least one spouse must have lived in Tarrant County for at least 90 days before filing. Third, there is a mandatory 60-day waiting period between filing the Original Petition for Divorce and when the court can finalize the divorce. If you and your spouse agree on all terms, your divorce can be finalized shortly after the 60-day waiting period expires. In many uncontested cases, only one spouse needs to appear in court for a brief "prove-up" hearing. Some judges may allow the entire process to be completed through signed documents without any court appearance. What Issues Must Be Resolved? For a divorce to qualify as uncontested, you and your spouse must reach agreement on several key areas. The first is property division. Texas is a community property state, meaning most assets and debts acquired during... > Our Southlake father's rights lawyer can help you fight for custody, expanded visitation, and equal parenting time. Call Varghese Summersett at (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-27 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/fathers-rights-lawyer/ Our father's rights lawyer in Southlake helps fathers secure equal custody rights, expanded parenting time, and a meaningful role in their children's lives. At Varghese Summersett, our attorneys understand that Texas law treats both parents as equals. We fight aggressively to protect your parental rights and ensure the court recognizes your importance in your child's upbringing. Texas courts start with a presumption that joint managing conservatorship serves a child's best interests. This means fathers have the same legal standing as mothers when it comes to custody, decision-making, and parenting time. If you're facing a custody dispute, divorce, or modification case, our Southlake father's rights attorneys can help you understand your options and build a strong case for the outcome you want. What Does a Father's Rights Lawyer Do? A father's rights lawyer focuses on making sure courts treat you as an equal parent under the Texas Family Code. They use the same statutes as any custody attorney but frame every fact and legal argument to secure strong conservatorship rights, possession schedules, and decision-making authority for you. Our Southlake family lawyers handle a wide range of father's rights issues, including: Joint managing conservatorship to share major decisions about education, medical care, and psychological treatment Primary or expanded possession schedules, including equal or near-equal time when the facts support it Designation as the parent who determines the child's primary residence Enforcement actions when the other parent violates court orders or withholds visitation Modifications to increase parenting time or change custody arrangements Protection against false allegations of abuse, violence, or neglect Defense against third-party claims from grandparents or stepparents What Rights Do Fathers Have in Texas Custody Cases? Texas law does not favor mothers over fathers. Under Texas Family Code § 153. 002, the best interest of the child always guides custody decisions. There is also a statutory presumption that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators serves the child's best interests, absent family violence or other serious concerns. As a father, you have the right to: Be considered equally with the mother for custody and conservatorship Share in major decisions affecting your child's education, medical care, and religious upbringing Receive meaningful parenting time through the Standard Possession Order or an expanded schedule Be named the parent who determines where your child lives Receive Father's Day possession each year, even if you are not the primary conservator Have your constitutional rights as a fit parent protected against interference from non-parents The U. S. Supreme Court recognized in Troxel v. Granville that parents have a fundamental liberty interest in the care, custody, and control of their children. Texas courts have reinforced this through In re C. J. C. , holding that the constitutional presumption favoring fit parents applies even in modification cases and when third parties seek conservatorship. How Do Texas Courts Determine the Best Interest of the Child? Courts weigh multiple factors when deciding custody arrangements. Under Texas Family Code § 263. 307 and related case law, judges consider: The child's emotional and... > Facing assault by threat charges? Our experienced Denton County assault by threat lawyers protect your rights and fight to keep your record clean. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/assault-by-threat/ If you've been charged with assault by threat in Denton County, you're facing criminal consequences that could appear on your record and affect your job, housing, and reputation. While this charge might seem minor compared to assault with physical injury, Texas law treats threats seriously when they cause fear of imminent harm. The good news is that with the right defense strategy, many of these charges can be dismissed, reduced, or resolved without a conviction. At Varghese Summersett, we defend people charged with assault by threat throughout Denton County. We know how prosecutors build these cases and where they often fall short. Our team has secured dismissals and favorable outcomes in hundreds of assault cases, and we're ready to do the same for you. In this article, our experienced Denton County assault by threat lawyers explain the law, the punishment, and possible defenses. What Is Assault by Threat Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(2), assault by threat occurs when someone intentionally or knowingly threatens another person with imminent bodily injury. The threat must cause the other person to reasonably fear that harm is about to happen. This doesn't require any physical contact. It doesn't even require the ability to actually carry out the threat. What matters is whether a reasonable person in the alleged victim's position would have felt afraid of immediate harm. Common scenarios that lead to assault by threat charges in Denton County include heated arguments that escalate, disputes between neighbors or family members, bar confrontations, and road rage incidents. Often, these charges arise from situations where emotions ran high and words were exchanged that someone interpreted as threatening. The Key Legal Elements Prosecutors must prove three things beyond a reasonable doubt to convict you of assault by threat. First, you made a threat of bodily injury to another person. Second, the threat was of imminent harm, meaning the person believed it would happen right then, not at some point in the future. Third, the person reasonably feared the harm you threatened. If any of these elements is missing or weak, your case could be dismissed or result in an acquittal at trial. What Are the Penalties for Assault by Threat in Texas? In most cases, assault by threat is a Class C misdemeanor, the lowest level of criminal offense in Texas. If convicted, you face a fine of up to $500. There is no jail time for a standard Class C misdemeanor. However, the charge can be enhanced under certain circumstances. If the alleged victim is a family member, household member, or someone you're dating, the charge becomes a Class A misdemeanor under Texas family violence laws. This carries up to a year in county jail and a fine of up to $4,000. The charge can also be elevated if you've been convicted of assault in the past, if the alleged victim is a public servant, or if the offense occurred while you were violating a protective order. Collateral Consequences Beyond the Courtroom... > Facing assault family violence charges? Our experienced Denton County assault family violence lawyers fight to protect your rights and your record. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/assault-family-violence/ If you've been arrested for assault family violence in Denton County, you're facing charges that can permanently alter your life. A family violence conviction carries mandatory consequences that extend far beyond jail time, including restrictions on firearm ownership, immigration consequences, and a public record that follows you for years. The alleged victim cannot drop the charges, and prosecutors in Denton County take these cases seriously, even when the evidence is weak or the allegations are exaggerated. The good news is that assault family violence charges can be defended successfully. With the right legal strategy, many of our clients have avoided conviction entirely. In one recent Denton County case, we defended a client charged with assault family violence and negotiated a 15-month deferred adjudication with the affirmative family violence finding dropped. The client avoided a permanent conviction and retained their rights. What Is Assault Family Violence Under Texas Law? Assault family violence isn't a separate criminal offense in Texas. Instead, it's a designation that applies when an assault involves a family member, household member, or someone in a dating relationship. The assault itself is still charged under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, but the family violence label triggers additional legal consequences. Under Texas law, you can be charged with assault family violence if you intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to a family or household member. You can also be charged if you threaten a family member with imminent bodily injury or cause physical contact in a way the person would reasonably find provocative or offensive. The term "family violence" is defined in the Texas Family Code § 71. 004 and includes acts between family members, household members, or people in a dating relationship. This means the charge can apply to current or former spouses, parents, children, roommates, or anyone you've dated. Who Counts as a Family or Household Member? Texas law defines family or household members broadly. The charge applies if the alleged victim is: A current or former spouse A person related to you by blood or marriage A current or former dating partner Someone you have a child with A foster child or foster parent A current or former roommate Denton County prosecutors often charge assault family violence based on minimal evidence, including minor scratches, redness, or even the absence of visible injury. Many cases hinge on conflicting statements rather than objective physical evidence. https://youtu. be/ZojXbvqmCV4 Penalties for Assault Family Violence in Denton County The penalties for assault family violence depend on whether you're charged with a misdemeanor or felony, and whether you have prior convictions. Even a first offense carries serious consequences that extend beyond the courtroom. First Offense: Class A Misdemeanor A first assault family violence charge is typically a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by: Up to one year in county jail A fine of up to $4,000 Probation with mandatory conditions Completion of a Battering Intervention and Prevention Program (BIPP) Even if you're placed on probation, you'll be required to complete a BIPP... > Charged with assault on a public servant in Denton County? Facing felony charges and jail time? Our experienced Denton County defense lawyers can help protect your future. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/assault-public-servant/ Assault on a public servant is a serious felony charge in Texas that carries enhanced penalties compared to standard assault. If you're facing this charge in Denton County, you're dealing with allegations that you caused bodily injury to a police officer, firefighter, EMT, or other public servant while they were on duty. These cases are prosecuted aggressively, and a conviction can result in years in prison and a permanent felony record. The stakes are high. Even if the injury was minor or the situation was misunderstood, prosecutors in Denton County often push for the harshest penalties available. This is why having an experienced criminal defense attorney from the start is critical to protecting your rights and your future. What Assault on a Public Servant Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(b)(1), assault on a public servant occurs when you intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to someone who is a public servant while they are lawfully discharging their official duties. This includes retaliation against the person for performing their duties. Public servants covered by this statute include: Police officers Sheriff's deputies Correctional officers Firefighters EMTs and paramedics Judges Code enforcement officers Security officers The critical factor is that the person must have been acting in their official capacity at the time of the alleged assault. Simply being employed as a public servant is not enough. The prosecution must prove they were performing their lawful duties when the incident occurred. What counts as "bodily injury" can be surprisingly broad. It includes physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition. This means even minor injuries like scratches, bruises, or temporary pain can support a felony charge. Who Can Arrest You and Bring Charges In Denton County, arrests for assault on a public servant typically occur at the scene of the incident. The arresting officer will likely be one of the following: Denton Police Department Denton County Sheriff's Office Lewisville Police Department Flower Mound Police Department The Colony Police Department Little Elm Police Department Once arrested, you'll be taken to the Denton County Jail for booking and processing. The Denton County District Attorney's Office will review the case and decide whether to formally charge you with assault on a public servant. Penalties and Consequences Assault on a public servant is a third-degree felony in Texas. The punishment range is severe and includes: 2 to 10 years in state prison A fine of up to $10,000 Permanent felony conviction on your record Unlike misdemeanor assault, which can often be resolved with probation or deferred adjudication, felony assault on a public servant cases are prosecuted much more harshly. Even first-time offenders face the real possibility of prison time. Collateral Consequences of a Conviction Beyond jail time and fines, a conviction for assault on a public servant carries long-term consequences that can affect every part of your life: Employment: A felony conviction will appear on background checks and can disqualify you from jobs in healthcare, education, government, and many other... > Charged with deadly conduct in Denton County? Our experienced criminal defense attorneys can help protect your rights and your future. Call now for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/deadly-conduct/ If you're facing a deadly conduct charge in Denton County, you're dealing with a serious criminal offense that could result in jail time, fines, and a permanent criminal record. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 05, deadly conduct occurs when someone knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of another person, or recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury. The stakes are high, and the decisions you make now can affect the rest of your life. Many people arrested for deadly conduct didn't intend to hurt anyone. Maybe a firearm discharged accidentally. Maybe you were defending yourself or your family. Maybe the situation spiraled out of control faster than you could react. Prosecutors in Denton County take these charges seriously, but that doesn't mean you're without options. With an experienced Denton County deadly conduct defense attorney, you can challenge the evidence, negotiate with prosecutors, and fight to protect your future. What Deadly Conduct Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 05, a person commits deadly conduct if they: Knowingly discharge a firearm at or in the direction of one or more individuals, or recklessly engage in conduct that places another person in imminent danger of serious bodily injury. The law distinguishes between two types of deadly conduct. The first involves intentionally firing a weapon toward someone. The second involves reckless behavior that creates a serious risk of harm, even if no firearm is involved. The key word is "knowingly" or "recklessly. " Prosecutors must prove you were aware of your actions or that you consciously disregarded a substantial risk. If the discharge was accidental, or if you didn't know someone was in danger, this can form the basis of a strong defense. Context matters. The same set of facts can look very different depending on whether you were acting in self-defense, whether the alleged victim was the aggressor, or whether the discharge happened in a controlled environment like a gun range. Penalties for Deadly Conduct in Denton County The severity of a deadly conduct charge depends on whether a firearm was discharged and the circumstances of the offense. Class A Misdemeanor (No Firearm Discharge): Up to 1 year in county jail and a fine up to $4,000. This applies when you recklessly create danger without actually firing a weapon. Third-Degree Felony (Firearm Discharge): 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000. This charge applies when you knowingly discharge a firearm at or in the direction of someone. If convicted of a felony, you lose the right to vote, own firearms, and hold certain professional licenses. Beyond the criminal penalties, a conviction can disrupt your employment, housing, and family relationships. Many employers run background checks. Landlords do the same. A violent crime on your record makes it harder to move forward. What to Expect for Bond in Denton County If you're arrested for deadly conduct in Denton County, one of the first questions on your... > Charged with harassment in Denton County? Our defense lawyers fight harassment charges. Free consultation. Call 817-203-2220 to discuss your case today. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-01-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/harassment/ Harassment charges in Denton County typically involve repeated unwanted contact that causes emotional distress or fear. Under Texas Penal Code § 42. 07, these charges can result in significant fines and jail time. You need a Denton County harassment attorney who understands the law and knows how to challenge weak evidence. Most harassment cases start with a simple misunderstanding that spirals into criminal charges. What you say to police in the first few hours can determine the outcome of your case. This is why getting legal advice immediately matters more than trying to explain yourself. The criminal justice system moves quickly once charges are filed. Prosecutors in Denton County handle hundreds of cases and may not have time to investigate the full context of what happened. Without strong legal representation, you risk being convicted based on incomplete or one-sided information. What Harassment Means Under Texas Law Texas Penal Code § 42. 07 defines harassment as conduct intended to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another person. The law covers three main types of behavior that can lead to criminal charges. The first type involves initiating communication by telephone, text message, email, or social media and making obscene comments, threats, or repeated contact with intent to harass. The second type covers threatening harm to someone or their property in a manner reasonably likely to cause alarm. The third type includes publishing repeated electronic communications in a manner likely to cause emotional distress. What makes harassment charges complicated is the subjective nature of the offense. The law requires that your conduct was done with intent to harass and that it caused the alleged victim to feel alarmed or distressed. Prosecutors must prove both elements beyond a reasonable doubt. Many harassment cases stem from domestic disputes, neighbor conflicts, or workplace disagreements where emotions run high. A heated argument does not automatically become harassment just because someone felt upset. Context matters, and experienced defense attorneys know how to present that context to prosecutors and juries. When Does Annoying Behavior Become a Crime? Not every unwanted phone call or angry text message rises to the level of criminal harassment. The behavior must be intentional, repeated, and severe enough to cause alarm or distress to a reasonable person. A single argument or complaint, even if heated, rarely meets this threshold. The distinction between protected speech and criminal harassment often depends on the totality of circumstances. Calling someone once to voice a complaint is legal. Calling them 30 times in one day to continue an argument may cross the line. Sending one angry email typically is not harassment. Sending dozens of threatening messages over several weeks could be. Police and prosecutors sometimes charge harassment in situations where no crime occurred. Someone may file a report because they want to win a custody battle or gain leverage in a civil dispute. False allegations happen more often than most people realize, especially in cases involving former romantic partners or family members. Penalties and Consequences A standard harassment charge... > Facing kidnapping charges in Denton County? Get a free consultation with an experienced Denton criminal defense attorney. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-26 - Modified: 2026-01-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/kidnapping/ A kidnapping charge in Denton County can result in decades behind bars, lifetime registration requirements, and the permanent label of a violent felon. Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 03, prosecutors treat kidnapping cases with extreme severity because they involve taking someone against their will. Even if you had no intention of harming anyone, the consequences of a conviction can follow you for the rest of your life. If you've been arrested or are under investigation for kidnapping in Denton County, you're facing one of the most serious charges in Texas criminal law. You need a Denton County defense attorney who understands both the law and how prosecutors build these cases. What Does "Kidnapping" Mean in Texas? People often think kidnapping only involves strangers snatching children. That's not how Texas law defines it. Kidnapping happens whenever someone intentionally or knowingly restrains another person in a way that interferes with their liberty. The restraint has to be done by force, intimidation, or deception, and it has to be without the person's consent. Under Texas Penal Code § 20. 03, the state must prove you acted with one of these specific intents: To hold the victim for ransom or reward To use the victim as a shield or hostage To facilitate the commission of a felony or fleeing after a felony To inflict bodily injury or violate or sexually abuse the victim To terrorize the victim or a third person To interfere with the performance of a government or political function This means you can be charged with kidnapping even if you never demanded money. Taking your ex-spouse's keys so they can't leave during an argument can become kidnapping if prosecutors believe you intended to terrorize them. Driving someone to a second location during a robbery becomes kidnapping because it's done to facilitate the commission of a felony. Prosecutors don't need to prove the victim was transported across state lines or held for days. Minutes can be enough if the restraint meets the legal definition. What Are the Penalties for Kidnapping in Denton County? Kidnapping is a third-degree felony in Texas. If convicted, you face 2 to 10 years in state prison and fines up to $10,000. That's before considering enhancements. The charge becomes aggravated kidnapping, a first-degree felony, if: The victim is under 17 years old You committed the offense with intent to violate or sexually abuse the victim You used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the offense The victim suffered bodily injury or was placed in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or sexual assault Aggravated kidnapping under Texas Penal Code § 20. 04 carries 5 to 99 years or life in prison. These are 3g offenses, which means no early release, no parole until at least half the sentence is served, and mandatory registration as a sex offender in many circumstances. Beyond prison time, a kidnapping conviction means: A permanent violent felony record that shows up on every background check Loss of voting rights while incarcerated Ineligibility for... > Southlake Style Readers' Choice Top Law Firm. Our Southlake divorce lawyers regularly handle complex business division in divorce. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-25 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/business-division-in-divorce/ When you divorce in Texas and own a business, the court will characterize your ownership interest as separate or community property, value the business (including goodwill), and then divide your share according to a "just and right" standard. How this plays out depends on the type of business entity you own, when and how it was acquired, and the strategic approach you take to protect your interests. In this article, we break down everything you need to know about business division in divorce. Texas is a community property state, meaning assets acquired during marriage generally belong to both spouses equally. But businesses create unique complications. Was the company started before or during the marriage? Was it capitalized with separate or community funds? Has your spouse's time and effort contributed to the business's growth? The answers to these questions shape everything from the initial characterization to the final division. This guide examines how Texas courts treat business interests in divorce. Whether you own a corporation, LLC, partnership, or sole proprietorship, you'll learn the legal principles at stake and how to protect what you've built. How Does Business Entity Type Affect Divorce Division? The legal structure of your business fundamentally affects how it will be treated in divorce. Each entity type has distinct characteristics regarding liability protection, ownership rights, management authority, and tax treatment. All of these impact the division analysis. Corporations: C-Corps and S-Corps A corporation is a separate legal entity distinct from its shareholders and officers. This has critical implications for divorce. Because the corporation is a separate entity, all assets of a corporation belong to the corporation, not the shareholders. As the court held in LeGrand-Brock v. Brock, 246 S. W. 3d 318, 322 (Tex. App. —Beaumont 2008), "The accumulated earnings or surplus funds of a corporation constitute a part of its assets, and belong to the corporation, and not to the stockholders, until they have been declared and set apart as dividends. " This means a divorce court cannot directly award corporate assets to either spouse. It can only divide the ownership interest (shares of stock). The exception arises when the corporate veil can be pierced under the alter ego doctrine, discussed below. Key Corporate Characteristics: Limited liability for shareholders protects personal assets from corporate obligations Centralized management through a Board of Directors Perpetual existence independent of shareholder changes Flexible capital structure with multiple classes of stock Formal requirements: bylaws, annual meetings, corporate minutes, and proper record-keeping C-Corporation vs. S-Corporation: The primary distinction lies in taxation. C-Corporations face "double taxation," where the corporation pays taxes on income at the corporate level, and shareholders pay taxes again when they receive dividends. S-Corporations avoid this by electing pass-through taxation under Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. The corporation itself pays no federal income tax, and income flows through to shareholders who report it on their individual returns. S-Corporation status has restrictions: no more than 100 shareholders, only individuals (and certain trusts and estates) as shareholders, no nonresident aliens, and... > Hit by a driver who fled? Our Dallas hit and run lawyers help victims recover compensation. Free consultation. Call 214-903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-23 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-hit-and-run-lawyer/ If you were injured by a driver who fled the scene, you're facing more than just physical pain. You're dealing with the fear that you'll be stuck paying medical bills because the person who hit you disappeared. In Dallas, hit and run accidents happen more often than you think. Drivers panic, flee, and leave victims without answers or insurance information. But you're not powerless. Texas law provides ways to recover compensation even when the at-fault driver is never found. Our Dallas hit and run lawyers know how to pursue every available source of coverage and hold insurance companies accountable when they try to minimize what they owe you. What Makes a Hit-and-Run Accident Different When someone hits you and stays at the scene, you exchange insurance information. You file a claim. The process moves forward. When someone flees, everything gets harder. You don't know who hit you, you can't file a claim against their insurance, and you're left wondering how you'll pay for the damage they caused. Texas law requires drivers to stop after an accident. Under Texas Transportation Code § 550. 021, if you're involved in a collision that causes injury, death, or property damage, you must stop and provide your information. Fleeing is a crime. But that doesn't help you when the driver is gone and you're hurt. The real challenge in a hit and run case is finding money to pay for your injuries. Without a known at-fault driver, you can't file a traditional claim. You need a lawyer who knows how to work with your own insurance company and pursue uninsured motorist coverage. How You Can Recover Compensation After a Hit and Run Just because the driver who hit you fled doesn't mean you're on your own financially. Texas law requires most insurance policies to include uninsured motorist coverage, which applies when the at-fault driver can't be identified. This coverage is part of your own auto policy. Uninsured motorist (UM) coverage pays for your medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages when the person who caused your accident is unknown or doesn't have insurance. You file the claim with your own insurance company. They step into the shoes of the at-fault driver and compensate you for what you've lost. Here's where insurance companies try to take advantage of you. They know you're vulnerable. They'll minimize your injuries, question whether the hit and run really happened, or argue that your damages aren't as severe as you claim. They may offer you a quick settlement that's far less than what your case is worth. This is why you need an experienced Dallas hit and run lawyer. Insurance companies don't look out for you, even when it's your own policy. They're businesses trying to protect their bottom line. We make sure they pay what they owe. What Uninsured Motorist Coverage Pays For When you file a claim under your uninsured motorist coverage, you're entitled to compensation for all damages the at-fault driver would have been responsible... > Hit by an uninsured driver in Dallas? Our Dallas uninsured motorist lawyers can help you recover compensation through your own insurance policy. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-23 - Modified: 2026-01-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-uninsured-motorist-lawyer/ If you were hit by an uninsured driver in Dallas, you can still recover compensation for your injuries through your own insurance policy's uninsured motorist coverage. This coverage protects you when the at-fault driver has no insurance or when you're the victim of a hit-and-run. Most Texas drivers don't realize they have this protection until they need it. Getting paid after an uninsured motorist accident is more complicated than a typical claim. You're now dealing with your own insurance company, and they'll look for every reason to pay you less than you deserve. The adjusters know the system, and they're counting on you not knowing your rights. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas personal injury lawyers have recovered substantial settlements for clients injured by uninsured drivers. We know how insurance companies operate in these claims, and we fight to make sure you get every dollar you're owed. What Is Uninsured Motorist Coverage in Texas? Under Texas Insurance Code § 1952. 101, every auto insurance policy sold in Texas must include uninsured motorist coverage unless you specifically reject it in writing. This coverage pays for your damages when you're injured by a driver who has no insurance. The coverage typically includes two parts. Uninsured motorist bodily injury (UMBI) covers your medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other injury-related losses. Uninsured motorist property damage (UMPD) covers damage to your vehicle and other property. Most drivers accept this coverage when they buy their policy. If you're not sure whether you have it, check your declarations page or call your agent. The limits usually match your liability coverage, so if you carry 50/100 liability, you likely have 50/100 in uninsured motorist protection. https://youtu. be/BfUtMWsGwmc? list=PLwKVUzTK6028Bco6q5mYt0MKLSqUjKWyk When You Need an Uninsured Motorist Claim You file an uninsured motorist claim when the driver who caused your accident has no insurance. This happens more often than people think. According to the Insurance Research Council, roughly one in eight Texas drivers operates without insurance despite it being required by law. You also use this coverage after a hit-and-run. If the driver who hit you fled the scene and you can't identify them, your uninsured motorist coverage treats it as if the driver had no insurance. The same applies if someone hits your parked car and drives away. In some cases, the at-fault driver might have insurance, but their policy limits are too low to cover your damages. That's when underinsured motorist coverage kicks in. It's a separate but related coverage that pays the difference between what the other driver's insurance pays and what you actually need. How Uninsured Motorist Claims Work The process starts when you notify your insurance company that you've been in an accident with an uninsured driver. Most policies require you to report the accident within a reasonable time, usually a few days. Missing this deadline can give the insurance company grounds to deny your claim. Your insurer will assign an adjuster to investigate. They'll ask for a recorded statement, review the police report,... > Facing assault by contact charges in Denton County? Our experienced Denton County assault by contact lawyers have helped clients get charges dismissed. Free consult. - Published: 2026-01-23 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/assault-by-contact/ Assault by contact is a Class C misdemeanor in Texas, but don't let the classification fool you. This charge can leave you with a permanent criminal record, affect your employment, and cost you hundreds in fines. Whether you're accused of intentionally touching someone in an offensive manner or the altercation was misunderstood, you're facing consequences that can follow you for years. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County criminal defense attorneys have successfully defended clients against assault by contact charges throughout Texas. We understand the stress of facing criminal charges, and we know how to protect your rights. What Is Assault by Contact Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(3), assault by contact occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another person when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. This is the lowest level of assault in Texas. Unlike assault causing bodily injury, assault by contact doesn't require any injury or even pain. The prosecution must only prove that you made physical contact that the other person found offensive. Common Examples of Assault by Contact Prosecutors charge assault by contact in situations where no injury occurred but someone claims they were touched in an unwelcome way. Common scenarios include: Pushing someone during an argument. Grabbing someone's arm to get their attention. Poking or shoving someone in a crowded space. Spitting on someone. Throwing an object that makes contact with someone. Unwanted touching during a domestic dispute. The key factor is whether the contact was offensive or provocative, not whether it caused harm. This subjective standard makes these cases particularly defensible. Is Assault by Contact a Family Violence Offense? If the alleged victim is a family member, household member, or someone you're dating, the charge becomes assault by contact with a family violence designation. Under Texas Family Code § 71. 004, family violence includes acts against family members, household members, or dating partners. The family violence designation carries additional consequences. You could face a protective order prohibiting you from your own home. You may be prohibited from possessing firearms. Future charges involving family members will be charged as felonies, even if no injury occurs. In Denton County, prosecutors take family violence cases seriously. Even a Class C misdemeanor with this designation can affect your ability to see your children, maintain employment in certain fields, and own firearms. Penalties for Assault by Contact in Denton County Assault by contact is a Class C misdemeanor in Texas. The maximum penalty is a fine of up to $500. Unlike most criminal charges, Class C misdemeanors don't carry jail time. However, the consequences extend beyond the fine. A conviction creates a permanent criminal record. This record appears on background checks and can affect employment opportunities, professional licenses, and housing applications. If you have a previous conviction for assault against a family member, a second assault by contact charge against a family member becomes a Class A misdemeanor.... > Damian Williams is a Partner in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, bringing a wealth of experience to the firm’s Dallas office. Call 214-903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/damian-williams/ Damian Williams Partner Damian N. Williams is a Partner in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, bringing a wealth of experience to the firm's Dallas office. A highly respected trial lawyer, Damian is known for handling complex, high-stakes cases involving catastrophic injuries and wrongful death. He represents individuals and families whose lives have been permanently altered by negligence — often in cases involving trucking and auto collisions, oilfield and industrial accidents, construction-site injuries, and dangerous products. Damian is a trial-first attorney who prepares every case as if it will be decided by a jury. That approach has earned him a reputation among opposing counsel and insurance companies as a lawyer who cannot be pressured into undervaluing a case. He is particularly skilled at uncovering systemic failures within corporations and presenting them in a way that resonates with juries. With a background as a former prosecutor, Damian brings a unique perspective to civil litigation. He views personal injury law as an extension of public service — one that allows him to hold wrongdoers accountable and give voice to those whose lives have been forever changed. He is especially passionate about representing families who have lost loved ones and clients living with catastrophic injuries such as amputations and traumatic brain injuries. Damian has successfully handled some of the most challenging personal injury cases in Texas, including multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements. His results include significant recoveries in trucking fatalities, oilfield explosions, industrial accidents, and severe brain injury cases. He is known not only for his courtroom skill but also for the compassion and patience he brings to clients navigating the most difficult moments of their lives. Background Damian was born in rural southern West Virginia but grew up in Long Beach, California. He was raised in a working-class family, with a mother who was a registered nurse and a father who spent decades in heavy construction management. That upbringing gave him early exposure to the realities of labor-intensive industries — experience that now informs his work in construction, industrial, and oilfield injury cases. Damian earned his undergraduate degree from the University of Southern California, where he competed on the university's wrestling club team and worked full-time throughout his college years. He earned his Juris Doctor from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis, where he also met his future wife. After graduating from law school, Damian moved to Dallas and began his legal career at the Dallas County District Attorney's Office. There, he prosecuted a wide range of misdemeanor and felony criminal cases. His time as a chief prosecutor sharpened his trial skills and reinforced his belief in the justice system as a tool to protect people and communities. Damian later transitioned to private practice, gaining experience in insurance defense and commercial litigation before dedicating his career to representing injured plaintiffs. Prior to joining Varghese Summersett, he was a partner at a prominent plaintiffs' firm, where he managed a high-performing litigation division and led a team of trial lawyers and staff. In... - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-01-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/operation-of-a-vehicle/ If you're facing DWI charges in Dallas, one of the most overlooked defenses involves a simple question: Were you actually operating the vehicle? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you operated a motor vehicle while intoxicated. If prosecutors can't prove operation, the entire case falls apart. This element trips up more cases than you might expect. Police often find drivers parked, sleeping in vehicles, or sitting in cars that won't start. Without proof of actual operation, a Dallas DWI charge can be challenged and potentially dismissed. At Varghese Summersett, we've used this defense successfully to get charges reduced or dropped entirely. What Does "Operation" Mean in a Texas DWI Case? Texas law does not define "operation" in the Penal Code, which means courts have developed the standard through case law over decades. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has established that operation requires more than just sitting in a vehicle. The driver must take action to affect the functioning of the vehicle in a manner that would enable its use. This definition creates room for interpretation. Turning the key in the ignition, shifting gears, releasing the parking brake, or pressing the accelerator all clearly constitute operation. But what about turning on the air conditioning while parked? Adjusting the radio? These gray areas become battlegrounds in DWI cases. The totality of the circumstances matters. Courts look at where the vehicle was located, whether the engine was running, where the keys were positioned, and what the driver was doing when police arrived. Each detail can tip the scales. Common Scenarios Where Operation Is Disputed Certain fact patterns regularly lead to disputes over whether operation occurred. If any of these describe your situation, you may have a strong defense. Sleeping in a Parked Car A driver pulls into a parking lot after realizing they've had too much to drink. They decide to sleep it off rather than drive home. Police find them asleep behind the wheel with the engine off. Did they operate the vehicle? The answer depends on the evidence. If the car was legally parked and the keys weren't in the ignition, prosecutors face an uphill battle. Sitting in a Vehicle That Won't Start Sometimes a car breaks down or runs out of gas. The driver may have been intoxicated when they tried to start it, but if the vehicle was inoperable, can they be charged with operating it? Texas courts have held that attempting to operate a vehicle can be enough, but the defense can argue that no operation actually occurred. Parked with the Engine Running Dallas summers are brutal. Many people sit in parked cars with the air conditioning running. If police approach someone in this situation, prosecutors often argue that running the engine constitutes operation. Defense attorneys counter that merely running an engine while stationary doesn't enable use of the vehicle on a roadway. If you've been arrested under circumstances like these, call our Dallas office at (214)... > Charged with sexual assault in Houston? Free consultation with our Houston Sexual Assault Lawyer: (281) 805-2220 - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-02-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-sexual-assault-lawyer-2/ A sexual assault charge in Houston can destroy your career, family, and freedom. Texas prosecutes sex crimes aggressively, and Harris County is no exception. Whether you're facing accusations of sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, or another sex offense, you need an experienced defense attorney who will fight to protect your rights and your future. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston criminal defense attorneys have successfully defended clients against the full spectrum of sex crime allegations. Our team has achieved over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. We understand what's at stake and how to build the strongest possible defense. If you or a loved one has been accused of a sex crime in the Houston area, call us immediately at (281) 805-2220 for a free, confidential consultation. Adult Sexual Offenses Under the Texas Penal Code Texas law defines numerous sexual offenses, each carrying different penalties and consequences. Understanding exactly what you're charged with is the first step toward building your defense. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of every adult sex crime under the Texas Penal Code. Sexual Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 011) Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011, sexual assault occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes penetration of another person's sexual organ or anus without consent, causes penetration of another person's mouth by the actor's sexual organ without consent, or causes another person's sexual organ to contact or penetrate the actor's mouth, anus, or sexual organ without consent. Sexual assault is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. However, the offense becomes a first-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life) if the victim was someone the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry. Aggravated Sexual Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 021) Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, aggravated sexual assault elevates a standard sexual assault charge when aggravating circumstances exist. These include causing serious bodily injury, attempting to cause death, using or threatening deadly force, using a date rape drug, or when the victim is elderly, disabled, or under 14 years old. Aggravated sexual assault is a first-degree felony carrying 5 to 99 years or life in prison. When the victim is under 6 years old, or under 14 and certain aggravating factors exist, the minimum sentence increases to 25 years with no parole eligibility. Indecent Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 012) Texas Penal Code § 22. 012 creates the offense of indecent assault, which applies when someone touches another person's intimate areas (anus, breast, or genitals) without consent and with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. This offense was created to address non-penetrative sexual contact that fell outside traditional sexual assault statutes. Indecent assault is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail and fines up to $4,000. While less severe than felony sex charges, a conviction still carries serious consequences including potential sex offender registration. Sexual Coercion (Texas Penal Code § 21. 18)... > Injured in a truck wreck in Houston? Our 18-wheeler accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation: (281) 805-2220. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-personal-injury-lawyer/18-wheeler-accident-lawyer/ If you or someone you love was hurt in an 18-wheeler accident in Houston, you may be facing overwhelming medical bills, lost income, and pain that won't go away. Harris County sees more commercial truck crashes than any other county in Texas, and these collisions often cause catastrophic injuries or death. You need an experienced Houston 18-wheeler accident lawyer who knows how to take on trucking companies and their insurers. At Varghese Summersett, our injury attorneys have recovered substantial compensation for families devastated by truck wrecks across the Houston area. We handle everything from the initial investigation to trial, if necessary, so you can focus on healing while we fight for the money you deserve. Why Houston Has So Many 18-Wheeler Accidents Houston sits at the crossroads of major shipping routes, with Interstate 10, Interstate 45, and Highway 290 funneling thousands of commercial trucks through the region every day. Ports, refineries, and distribution centers make Harris County one of the busiest freight corridors in the country. That volume comes with serious risk. Harris County consistently leads Texas in commercial truck crashes. According to recent data, the Houston area experiences more than 6,000 commercial motor vehicle wrecks each year, with roughly 40 to 48 truck-related deaths annually. In 2023 alone, Houston and Harris County recorded more than 7,100 commercial motor vehicle accidents involving over 23,000 people. Texas as a whole has led the nation in fatal 18-wheeler crashes, with more than 700 deaths in a recent year. The sheer size and weight of these vehicles make collisions especially deadly. A fully loaded 18-wheeler can weigh 80,000 pounds or more. When that mass collides with a passenger vehicle, the occupants of the smaller vehicle bear the brunt of the impact. Survivors often face traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, crushed limbs, and burns that require years of treatment. Common Causes of 18-Wheeler Crashes in Houston Truck accidents rarely happen for just one reason. Many are not mere "accidents" but the predictable result of a breakdown in safety protocols. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSRs) exist to prevent these tragedies, but trucking companies routinely ignore them. Our attorneys investigate every factor that contributed to your crash to identify all responsible parties and build the strongest possible case. Driver Fatigue and Hours of Service Violations Driver fatigue remains one of the most dangerous problems in the trucking industry. Federal hours-of-service regulations under 49 C. F. R. § 395. 3 set strict limits on how long a driver can operate before taking a mandatory rest break. These rules include an 11-hour driving limit within a 14-hour window after coming on duty, a prohibition on driving after the 14th consecutive hour on duty, and weekly limits of 60 hours in 7 days or 70 hours in 8 days. Despite these safeguards, many trucking companies pressure their drivers to falsify logbooks and keep driving. Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs) have made this harder but not impossible. When a driver falls asleep at the wheel or loses focus after... > Injured in a Houston accident? Our experienced injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultations with our Houston accident lawyer(281) 805-2220. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-personal-injury-lawyer/houston-accident-lawyer/ If you've been hurt in a Houston accident, you may be facing medical bills, lost income, and pain that makes it hard to think about anything else. An experienced Houston accident lawyer can help you pursue the compensation you deserve while you focus on healing. At Varghese Summersett, we represent people injured in car crashes, truck wrecks, motorcycle collisions, and other serious accidents throughout the Houston area. Our injury attorneys fight to hold negligent parties accountable and recover full compensation for your injuries, lost wages, and suffering. Why You Need a Houston Accident Lawyer After an accident, insurance companies move fast. They send adjusters to investigate, record statements, and often push quick settlements that don't come close to covering your actual losses. Without legal representation, you're at a significant disadvantage. A skilled accident attorney levels the playing field. We handle the insurance companies, investigate your accident, gather evidence, and build the strongest possible case for compensation. You shouldn't have to fight for fair treatment while recovering from serious injuries. Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001. This means you can still recover damages even if you were partially at fault, as long as your responsibility doesn't exceed 50%. However, your recovery will be reduced by your percentage of fault. Insurance companies use this rule to minimize payouts by inflating your share of blame. https://youtu. be/7JxIW2xphFE Types of Accident Cases We Handle in Houston Houston's massive freeway system, heavy traffic, and mix of commercial vehicles create dangerous conditions every day. Our injury lawyers handle cases involving: Car accidents including rear-end collisions, intersection crashes, highway pileups, and hit-and-run incidents Truck accidents involving 18-wheelers, delivery trucks, and commercial vehicles Motorcycle accidents often resulting in severe or catastrophic injuries Rideshare accidents involving Uber and Lyft vehicles Pedestrian and bicycle accidents Drunk driving accidents Wrongful death claims when negligence causes fatal injuries Each type of accident presents unique challenges. Truck crashes, for example, often involve multiple liable parties including the driver, trucking company, cargo loaders, and vehicle manufacturers. Our attorneys know how to investigate these complex cases and identify every source of compensation available to you. What Compensation Can You Recover? Texas law allows accident victims to recover both economic and non-economic damages. The specific compensation available depends on your injuries, their impact on your life, and the circumstances of your accident. Economic Damages Economic damages cover your measurable financial losses. These include past and future medical expenses such as emergency treatment, surgeries, hospitalization, physical therapy, medications, and ongoing care. You can also recover lost wages from time missed at work and loss of earning capacity if your injuries prevent you from returning to your previous job or career. Property damage to your vehicle and other belongings is also recoverable, along with out-of-pocket expenses related to your injuries. Non-Economic Damages Non-economic damages compensate for losses that don't have a clear dollar amount. Physical pain and suffering, mental anguish, and emotional distress are all compensable. Loss... > Survivors of sexual abuse deserve justice and compensation. Our experienced Dallas sexual abuse lawyers hold abusers and institutions accountable. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-01-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-sexual-abuse-lawyer-civil-claims-for-survivors/ If you or someone you love was sexually abused in Dallas or the surrounding areas, you have the right to hold the abuser and any responsible institutions accountable through a civil claim. While criminal charges punish offenders, a civil lawsuit puts money in your hands to help with medical bills, therapy, lost wages, and the pain you've endured. You deserve compensation for what happened to you. Sexual abuse shatters lives. The trauma doesn't end when the abuse stops. Survivors often struggle with depression, anxiety, PTSD, trust issues, and physical health problems that can last for years. Many victims also face financial hardship from medical treatment, therapy, and lost income. A civil claim cannot undo what happened, but it can provide the resources you need to heal and move forward. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas sexual abuse lawyers understand the courage it takes to come forward. We represent survivors of sexual abuse in civil claims against abusers, schools, churches, employers, and other institutions that failed to protect you. We fight for maximum compensation so you can focus on healing. Who Can You Sue for Sexual Abuse in Dallas? In Texas, you can file a civil lawsuit against anyone whose actions or negligence contributed to your abuse. This includes the abuser themselves and any institution that failed to prevent the abuse or protect you from harm. Common defendants in sexual abuse cases include: The abuser: The person who committed the abuse can be held liable for your injuries and damages. Schools and daycare facilities: If a teacher, coach, or staff member abused you, the school or daycare may be liable for negligent hiring, supervision, or retention. Religious institutions: Churches, temples, and other religious organizations can be held accountable when clergy members or staff abuse children or vulnerable adults. Employers: If you were abused by a coworker, supervisor, or client in the workplace, your employer may be liable for failing to provide a safe environment. Healthcare facilities: Doctors, therapists, nurses, and other healthcare providers who abuse patients can be sued, along with the facilities that employed them. Camps and youth programs: Summer camps, sports programs, and youth organizations can be held liable when staff members abuse children in their care. Foster care and group homes: State agencies and private facilities can be sued when children are abused in the foster care system. Texas law allows you to pursue claims based on negligence, assault, battery, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. When an institution knew or should have known about the risk of abuse but failed to act, they can be held liable even if they didn't commit the abuse themselves. What Compensation Can You Recover? Sexual abuse causes devastating physical, emotional, and financial harm. Texas law recognizes that survivors deserve full compensation for these losses. The compensation you can recover depends on the specific facts of your case, but typically includes both economic and non-economic damages. Economic damages cover your measurable financial losses. This includes past and future medical expenses for emergency care,... > Injured in a commercial vehicle crash in Dallas? Our Dallas commercial vehicle accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-commercial-vehicle-accident-lawyer/ Commercial vehicle accidents often result in catastrophic injuries because these vehicles are larger, heavier, and more dangerous than passenger cars. If you've been hit by a delivery truck, work van, or company vehicle in Dallas, you're facing medical bills, lost wages, and an insurance company that will fight to minimize your claim. You need experienced legal representation to level the playing field. Varghese Summersett has successfully represented accident victims across Dallas County, and we know how to hold commercial drivers and their employers accountable. In this article, our Dallas commercial vehicle accident lawyers explain how these cases work, who can be held responsible, what compensation you can recover, and the steps you need to take to protect your claim. What Counts as a Commercial Vehicle Accident? A commercial vehicle accident involves any vehicle used for business purposes. This includes delivery trucks, cargo vans, box trucks, service vehicles, utility trucks, tow trucks, rideshare vehicles operating commercially, and company fleet vehicles. The defining factor isn't the size of the vehicle but whether it was being used for commercial purposes at the time of the crash. Texas law treats commercial vehicle accidents differently than regular car accidents. Under the Texas Transportation Code, commercial drivers and the companies that employ them are held to higher standards of care. When they fail to meet those standards, they can be held liable for the resulting injuries. Why Commercial Vehicle Accidents Are Different Commercial vehicle accidents are more complicated than standard car crashes for several reasons. First, there are often multiple parties who can be held responsible. This might include the driver, the vehicle's owner, the company that hired the driver, and even third parties such as maintenance providers or cargo loaders. Second, commercial vehicles are often covered by large insurance policies. While this sounds like good news for victims, it also means insurance companies send experienced adjusters and lawyers to minimize payouts. These insurers know how to find reasons to deny or reduce claims. Third, commercial vehicle accidents tend to cause more severe injuries. A fully loaded delivery truck can weigh 10 times more than a passenger car. The force of impact in these crashes often results in traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, broken bones, and internal injuries that require extensive medical treatment. Who Can Be Held Liable? In Texas, multiple parties may share responsibility for a commercial vehicle accident. Understanding who can be held liable is essential to maximizing your compensation. The driver is liable if they were negligent. This includes speeding, distracted driving, running red lights, or violating traffic laws. Even if the driver was following company orders, they can still be held personally responsible for their actions behind the wheel. The employer is often liable under a legal principle called respondeat superior. This means the company is responsible for the negligent acts of its employees when those acts occur during the course of employment. If a FedEx driver causes an accident while making deliveries, FedEx can be held liable. The vehicle owner... > Injured in an Uber or Lyft accident in Dallas? Our Dallas rideshare accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-01-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-rideshare-accident-lawyer/ Rideshare accidents involving Uber, Lyft or other services are more complicated than regular car crashes because multiple insurance policies may be involved, and the companies work hard to avoid paying claims. If you've been injured as a passenger, pedestrian, or another driver in a rideshare accident in Dallas, you're facing confusing insurance claims, medical bills, and a company that wants to deny responsibility. You need a lawyer who understands how rideshare insurance works and knows how to hold these companies accountable. Varghese Summersett has successfully represented accident victims across Dallas County, and we know how to maximize your compensation in rideshare accident cases. In this article, our Dallas rideshare accident lawyers explain how these cases work, which insurance policies apply, who can be held responsible, and the steps you need to take to protect your claim. How Rideshare Insurance Works in Texas Rideshare insurance is confusing because coverage changes depending on what the driver was doing at the time of the accident. Texas Insurance Code § 1954. 052 requires rideshare companies to maintain specific insurance coverage, but the amount of coverage depends on the driver's status in the app. When the app is off and the driver is not working, only the driver's personal auto insurance applies. Most personal policies exclude coverage for commercial activities, which means you may be limited to the driver's minimum liability coverage. When the app is on but the driver has not accepted a ride request, Uber and Lyft provide contingent liability coverage. This coverage typically includes $50,000 per person for bodily injury, $100,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $25,000 per accident for property damage. This coverage only applies if the driver's personal insurance denies the claim. When the driver has accepted a ride request or has a passenger in the vehicle, Uber and Lyft provide $1 million in liability coverage. This coverage also includes uninsured and underinsured motorist protection. This is when the most insurance coverage is available. Understanding which insurance applies is the first step in maximizing your compensation. Insurance companies for both the driver and the rideshare company will try to shift responsibility to avoid paying your claim. Who Can Be Held Liable in a Rideshare Accident? Multiple parties may share responsibility for a rideshare accident in Dallas. The rideshare driver is liable if they were negligent. This includes speeding, distracted driving, running red lights, or violating traffic laws. Even though they work for Uber or Lyft, they can be held personally responsible for their actions. Uber or Lyft may be liable depending on the driver's status and the circumstances of the accident. While these companies claim their drivers are independent contractors, Texas law allows for liability in certain situations. If the driver was actively working on the app when the accident occurred, the company's insurance policy applies. Other drivers can be liable if they caused or contributed to the accident. In multi-vehicle accidents, you may have claims against multiple drivers and their insurance companies. Texas follows a modified comparative negligence... > Suffered a traumatic amputation in Houston? Our injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation with out Houston Amputation Lawyer. - Published: 2026-01-22 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-personal-injury-lawyer/amputation-lawyer/ Losing a limb is one of the most devastating injuries a person can experience. If you or someone you love suffered an amputation due to another party's negligence in Houston, you may be entitled to significant compensation for your medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, and the permanent changes to your life. Our Houston amputation injury lawyers understand what's at stake and are ready to fight for every dollar you deserve. At Varghese Summersett, we've helped countless Texans recover after catastrophic injuries. With offices in Houston and across the state, our team includes trial-tested attorneys who know how to take on insurance companies and negligent parties. Our Houston amputations lawyer works on a contingency fee basis, which means you pay nothing unless we win your case. Why Amputation Injuries Require Specialized Legal Help Amputation cases are not like typical injury claims. The lifelong nature of the injury, combined with the extensive medical care required, means these cases involve complex damage calculations that many attorneys simply aren't equipped to handle. Insurance companies know this and will try to settle these claims quickly and cheaply before you understand the true value of your case. A traumatic amputation affects every aspect of your life. You may never return to your previous job. You may need prosthetics, ongoing rehabilitation, home modifications, and assistance with daily activities for decades. The emotional toll on you and your family can be immense. Your claim must account for all of this, not just your initial hospital bills. Texas courts have long recognized that calculating future damages requires careful attention to detail. An award of future medical expenses may be based on the nature of the injury, the medical care rendered in the past, and the condition of the injured party at the time of trial. Our attorneys work with medical experts, life care planners, economists, and vocational rehabilitation specialists to build cases that reflect the true scope of our clients' losses. When insurance companies see a well-prepared case backed by solid evidence and expert testimony, they take the claim seriously. Common Causes of Amputation Injuries in Houston Houston's economy relies on industries and transportation systems that, while essential, can cause devastating injuries when safety is ignored. The most common causes of traumatic amputations in the Houston area include: Industrial and Workplace Accidents: Houston's petrochemical plants, refineries, and manufacturing facilities present serious risks. Workers may lose limbs to unguarded machinery, crushing injuries, or industrial equipment malfunctions. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 95, property owners who control premises where injuries occur may be liable for failing to maintain safe conditions or warn of hazards. Commercial Truck Accidents: The sheer size and weight of 18-wheelers and commercial vehicles can cause catastrophic injuries in collisions. When a limb is crushed or so severely damaged that surgical amputation becomes necessary, victims may have claims against the truck driver, trucking company, and other responsible parties. Our Houston truck accident lawyers have experience handling these complex claims. Construction Site Injuries: Falls,... > When insurance companies deny, delay, or undervalue a valid claim, you need experienced legal help. Our Dallas insurance bad faith lawyers holds them accountable. - Published: 2026-01-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-insurance-bad-faith-lawyer/ When you pay your premiums on time and file a legitimate claim, you expect your insurance company to honor its commitment. Instead, they delay payment, deny your claim without a valid reason, or offer a settlement that does not come close to covering your damages. This is called insurance bad faith, and it can leave you financially devastated at the worst possible time. If your insurer is refusing to pay what you are owed, you are not powerless. Texas law protects policyholders from unfair insurance practices and allows you to take legal action when your insurance company breaches its duty to you. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas insurance bad faith lawyers fight for people who have been mistreated by insurance companies. We hold insurers accountable and pursue the full compensation you deserve. What Is Insurance Bad Faith? Insurance bad faith occurs when an insurance company fails to act in good faith toward its policyholder. Every insurance contract includes an implied duty of good faith and fair dealing. This means the insurer must investigate claims promptly, communicate honestly, and pay valid claims without unnecessary delay. When an insurer violates this duty, it can be held liable for bad faith. This can happen with any type of insurance policy, including auto insurance, homeowners insurance, health insurance, life insurance, or business insurance. Common Examples of Insurance Bad Faith Insurance bad faith can take many forms. Some of the most common examples include denying a valid claim without conducting a proper investigation, delaying payment for months or even years without justification, and offering far less than what the claim is worth in hopes you will accept a lowball settlement. Insurers may also misrepresent policy language to avoid paying, fail to communicate or respond to your inquiries, or request unnecessary documentation repeatedly to stall your claim. In some cases, insurers refuse to defend you in a liability lawsuit even though your policy covers the claim. They may also change their explanation for denying your claim multiple times or fail to provide a clear reason for the denial. What Texas Law Says About Insurance Bad Faith Texas law requires insurance companies to act fairly and in good faith when handling claims. Under Texas Insurance Code § 541. 060, it is an unfair or deceptive act for an insurer to misrepresent policy provisions, fail to acknowledge communications, or refuse to pay claims without conducting a reasonable investigation. If an insurer engages in bad faith practices, you may be entitled to recover not only the benefits you are owed under the policy, but also additional damages. Under Texas Insurance Code § 542. 060, you can seek actual damages, attorney fees, and in some cases, punitive damages if the insurer acted with malice or gross negligence. The Texas Deceptive Trade Practices Act (DTPA) also provides protection for consumers who have been harmed by unfair insurance practices. These laws exist to level the playing field between powerful insurance companies and policyholders. What You Can Recover in an Insurance Bad Faith... > Dallas spinal cord injury lawyers fighting for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Helping clients secure the resources needed for life after injury. 214-903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-spinal-cord-injury-lawyer/ A spinal cord injury can change your life in an instant. These catastrophic injuries often mean permanent disability, hundreds of thousands in medical bills, and the loss of your ability to work. If someone else's negligence caused your injury in Dallas, you deserve full compensation for every loss you've suffered. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas spinal cord injury lawyers fight for clients facing life-altering injuries. We understand what's at stake. These cases require aggressive representation and a team willing to stand up to insurance companies that would rather pay pennies on the dollar than what you truly need. Common Causes of Spinal Cord Injuries in Dallas Spinal cord injuries happen in many ways, but the most common causes we see in Dallas involve preventable accidents where someone failed to act with reasonable care. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause. High-speed collisions on Interstate 35E, LBJ Freeway, or Central Expressway can generate forces strong enough to fracture vertebrae and damage the spinal cord. Commercial truck accidents are particularly dangerous because of the weight and momentum involved. Falls from height cause many spinal cord injuries at construction sites, warehouses, and industrial facilities throughout Dallas County. When property owners or employers fail to provide safe working conditions or proper fall protection, workers can suffer devastating consequences. Workplace accidents at Dallas manufacturing plants, oil and gas facilities, and construction sites can involve heavy machinery, falling objects, or explosions that damage the spine. Sports injuries, acts of violence, and medical malpractice also cause spinal cord damage. The common thread in all these cases is negligence. Someone failed to do what they should have done, and you're paying the price. Understanding Spinal Cord Injury Severity Not all spinal cord injuries are the same. The location and extent of damage determines what functions you'll lose and what your life will look like going forward. Complete spinal cord injuries mean you've lost all feeling and movement below the injury site. An injury at the cervical level (neck) typically causes quadriplegia, meaning paralysis of all four limbs. Injuries to the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral regions cause paraplegia, meaning paralysis below the waist. Incomplete spinal cord injuries leave some function intact. You might have limited movement or sensation below the injury. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale grades incomplete injuries from A (complete loss of function) to E (normal function). Even incomplete injuries can be devastating and require extensive medical care. The level of injury determines what medical equipment and home modifications you'll need. High cervical injuries often require ventilators and 24-hour attendant care. Lower injuries might allow more independence but still require wheelchairs, catheterization, and ongoing therapy. The True Cost of a Spinal Cord Injury Medical bills tell only part of the story. The National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center estimates that a 25-year-old with a high cervical injury will face lifetime costs exceeding $5 million. For any spinal cord injury, first-year costs can easily reach $1 million. Immediate medical expenses include emergency transport, surgery to stabilize... > Injured in an Uber accident in Dallas? Our Dallas Uber accident lawyers handle claims against Uber, drivers, and insurance companies. Free consultation. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2026-01-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-uber-accident-lawyer/ If you're hurt in an Uber accident in Dallas, you can file a claim against the driver, Uber's insurance, or other at-fault parties. The size of the settlement depends on your injuries, who was at fault, and which insurance policy covers your case. Uber carries up to $1 million in liability coverage when a driver has a passenger or is on the way to pick one up. Getting compensation after an Uber crash is more complex than a typical car accident. You may be dealing with multiple insurance companies, uncertain fault, and questions about whether the driver was working for Uber at the time. These cases involve layers of coverage and corporate policies that most people don't understand until they're in the middle of one. Varghese Summersett has helped injury victims across Dallas recover compensation from rideshare companies and their insurers. We know how Uber's insurance works, when their policies apply, and how to fight back when they try to deny your claim. In this article, our Dallas Uber accident lawyers explain Uber accident liability, insurance coverage, and how injury claims are handled in Texas. Who Pays for Injuries in an Uber Accident? The answer depends on what the driver was doing when the crash happened. Uber's insurance coverage changes based on whether the driver had the app on and whether they were carrying a passenger. Here's how Uber's coverage works in Texas: If the driver has a passenger in the car or is on the way to pick up a passenger, Uber provides up to $1 million in liability coverage. This also covers uninsured and underinsured motorist claims up to $1 million per accident. If the driver has the app on but hasn't accepted a ride yet, Uber provides limited coverage of $50,000 per person and $100,000 per accident. If the app is off, Uber provides no coverage and the driver's personal insurance applies. Under Texas Insurance Code § 1954. 002, transportation network companies like Uber must maintain certain minimum insurance requirements. But figuring out which policy applies to your accident can be complicated. Uber often argues the driver wasn't working at the time of the crash to avoid paying claims. What If Another Driver Caused the Accident? If another driver hit your Uber, you can file a claim against that driver's insurance. You can also file a claim with Uber's uninsured motorist coverage if the at-fault driver has no insurance or not enough insurance to cover your losses. Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001. This means you can recover compensation as long as you're not more than 50% at fault for the accident. Your compensation gets reduced by your percentage of fault. If you were 20% at fault and your damages total $100,000, you would recover $80,000. Insurance companies use this rule to try to shift blame onto you and reduce what they have to pay. They'll look for any reason to say you contributed to the... > Injured in a scaffolding accident? Our experienced Dallas scaffolding accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call 214-903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-scaffolding-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured in a scaffolding accident in Dallas, you may be entitled to significant compensation for medical bills, lost income, and pain and suffering. Scaffolding accidents can cause catastrophic injuries, including spinal cord damage, traumatic brain injuries, broken bones, and even death. Our experienced Dallas scaffolding accident lawyers have recovered millions for injured clients and helped them hold negligent property owners, contractors, and equipment manufacturers accountable. You're facing mounting medical bills. You can't work. The insurance company is already calling, asking you to give a recorded statement or sign a release. The stress is overwhelming, and you're worried about how you'll provide for your family while you recover. You don't have to face this alone. What Causes Scaffolding Accidents in Dallas? Scaffolding accidents are among the most dangerous hazards on Dallas construction sites. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), scaffold-related incidents account for nearly 60 percent of all construction worker injuries. Common causes include: Scaffold collapse due to improper assembly or structural failure Falls from elevated platforms due to missing guardrails or inadequate fall protection Defective or damaged scaffold components including planks, braces, and connectors Overloading the scaffold beyond its weight capacity Inadequate training on proper scaffold use and safety procedures Failure to inspect scaffolding before each work shift Unstable ground conditions or improper footing Electrocution from contact with overhead power lines Falling objects striking workers below Dallas sees significant construction activity, from downtown high-rises to residential developments in North Dallas and the Bishop Arts District. Every construction site using scaffolding must comply with strict OSHA safety standards. When contractors, property owners, or equipment manufacturers cut corners, workers pay the price. Common Injuries From Scaffolding Accidents Falls from scaffolding often occur from heights of 20 feet or more. The injuries are rarely minor. Many victims face permanent disabilities that change their lives forever. We represent clients who have suffered: Spinal cord injuries leading to paralysis or permanent mobility issues Traumatic brain injuries causing cognitive impairment and personality changes Multiple bone fractures requiring surgery and extensive rehabilitation Internal organ damage from blunt force trauma Severe burns from electrical contact or chemical exposure Crush injuries when scaffolding collapses Amputation of limbs Wrongful death These injuries require immediate emergency care, often at Parkland Memorial Hospital or Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas. Initial treatment is just the beginning. Many victims need months or years of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and ongoing medical care. Some will never work again. Who Is Liable for Your Scaffolding Accident? Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001, you can recover compensation as long as you're not more than 50 percent responsible for your injuries. Your recovery will be reduced by your percentage of fault. Multiple parties may share liability in a scaffolding accident: General Contractors and Construction Companies: The general contractor controls the worksite and has a duty to ensure safe working conditions. If they hired subcontractors who used defective scaffolding or failed... - Published: 2026-01-21 - Modified: 2026-01-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-assault/ Intoxication assault is a serious felony in Texas that can result in years in prison, a permanent criminal record, and life-altering consequences. If you or someone you love is facing this charge in Denton County, understanding what you're up against and how to fight back is the first step toward protecting your future. At Varghese Summersett, our attorneys have helped hundreds of clients facing intoxication-related charges. We know how prosecutors build these cases, and we know how to challenge them. A charge is not a conviction. With the right defense, outcomes can include reduced charges, dismissed cases, or acquittals at trial. What Is Intoxication Assault in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 07, intoxication assault occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride while intoxicated and, by reason of that intoxication, causes serious bodily injury to another person. This charge also applies to someone who assembles a mobile amusement ride while intoxicated. The key elements prosecutors must prove are: You were operating a vehicle (or watercraft, aircraft, or amusement ride) You were intoxicated at the time of operation Your intoxication caused serious bodily injury to another person "Serious bodily injury" means an injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes serious permanent disfigurement, or results in protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ. This can include traumatic brain injuries, broken bones requiring surgery, spinal cord damage, or injuries causing permanent disability. Penalties for Intoxication Assault in Denton County Intoxication assault is a third-degree felony in Texas. If convicted, you face: 2 to 10 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (prison) Up to $10,000 in fines Driver's license suspension for 90 days to 2 years Mandatory installation of an ignition interlock device A permanent felony conviction on your record The charge can be enhanced to a second-degree felony (2 to 20 years) if you caused serious bodily injury to a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical services personnel while they were performing official duties. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09, if the intoxication assault causes a traumatic brain injury that leaves the victim in a persistent vegetative state, the charge becomes a second-degree felony as well. Beyond incarceration, a conviction creates lasting collateral consequences. You may lose professional licenses, face difficulty finding employment, become ineligible for certain educational opportunities, and experience challenges with housing applications. If you're facing charges, it's critical to speak with an experienced Denton County criminal defense attorney immediately. What to Expect: Bond Amounts for Intoxication Assault in Denton County If you're arrested for intoxication assault in Denton County, one of your first concerns will be getting out of jail. In our analysis of over 12,900 bonds set in Denton County during 2025, we found 14 cases involving intoxication assault causing serious bodily injury under Texas Penal Code § 49. 07(c). The average bond for intoxication assault in Denton County was $52,250. The most common bond set was $10,000. However, bond amounts... > Facing marijuana charges in Denton County? Our defense lawyers have secured 1,600+ dismissals. Free consultation. Call (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-01-20 - Modified: 2026-01-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/possession-of-marijuana/ Yes, you can still face serious criminal charges for marijuana possession in Denton County. Despite changing attitudes toward cannabis in other states, Texas continues to treat marijuana as a controlled substance with criminal penalties that can follow you for life. The good news is that many marijuana cases can be reduced, dismissed, or resolved through diversion programs with the right defense strategy. At Varghese Summersett, we have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. Our Denton County drug lawyers understand how local prosecutors and judges handle marijuana cases and can develop a defense strategy tailored to your specific situation. What Questions Do People Have About Marijuana Charges in Denton County? When someone is arrested for marijuana in Denton County, they typically want to know how much trouble they're in and what their options are. Will this go on my permanent record? Can I avoid jail? Will I lose my driver's license? The answers depend on the amount of marijuana involved, your prior criminal history, and the skill of your defense attorney. First-time offenders often have more options than they realize. Denton County offers certain diversion opportunities that may allow eligible defendants to complete a program and have charges dismissed. We've helped many clients avoid a permanent drug conviction through strategic use of these programs, deferred adjudication, and aggressive defense work. What Is Marijuana Possession Under Texas Law? Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 121, it is illegal to knowingly or intentionally possess a usable quantity of marijuana. Texas classifies marijuana as a Schedule I controlled substance, which means the state considers it to have no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. For prosecutors to convict you, they must prove two elements beyond a reasonable doubt. First, that you knew the substance was marijuana. Second, that you exercised actual care, custody, control, or management over the marijuana. Simply being near marijuana or being in a car where marijuana is found does not automatically make you guilty of possession. Texas law also prohibits the delivery or sale of marijuana under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 120. Delivery charges carry more severe penalties than simple possession, and even giving marijuana to a friend without payment can be charged as delivery if there's any form of exchange involved. If you're confused about whether products containing Delta-8 THC or similar compounds are legal, you're not alone. The legal status of these products remains in flux in Texas, and some people have been arrested for possessing what they believed were legal hemp products. An experienced lawyer can help sort through these complicated issues. Penalties for Marijuana Possession in Denton County Texas penalties for marijuana possession are based primarily on the weight of the marijuana. Here's what you could be facing: Less than 2 ounces: Class B misdemeanor, up to 180 days in jail, up to $2,000 fine 2 to 4 ounces: Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail, up to $4,000 fine 4... - Published: 2026-01-20 - Modified: 2026-01-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/solicitation-of-prostitution/ If you've been arrested for solicitation of prostitution in Dallas, you're facing a state jail felony. A first offense carries 180 days to two years in state jail and fines up to $10,000. With your job, your reputation, and your freedom on the line, you need an experienced Dallas criminal defense attorney who can fight to protect your future. At Varghese Summersett, our team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We understand the fear and embarrassment that comes with these charges. We also know that police sting operations and undercover tactics can create legal issues that a skilled defense lawyer can challenge. If you've been arrested for solicitation in Dallas County, call (214) 903-4000 for a free and confidential consultation. What Is Solicitation of Prostitution in Texas? Solicitation of prostitution occurs when a person offers or agrees to pay another person to engage in sexual conduct. Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 021, you can be charged with this offense simply for offering or agreeing to pay for sexual conduct, even if no sexual act ever takes place. This is a change from older Texas law. In 2021, the legislature reclassified solicitation of prostitution from a misdemeanor to a felony for first-time offenders. The goal was to target the "demand side" of prostitution more aggressively. What many people don't realize is that even a simple text message, a conversation with an undercover officer, or responding to an online ad can result in felony charges. You don't have to actually exchange money or engage in sexual conduct. You only need to agree to do so. That's why sting operations are so effective for police, and why you need a defense lawyer who understands how to challenge these cases. Related Questions People Ask Can I Be Arrested for Just Talking to Someone? Yes. If the conversation includes an offer or agreement to pay for sexual conduct, that alone can lead to an arrest. Police often use undercover officers posing as sex workers on websites, apps, or the street. Once you make an agreement (even without exchanging money), officers can make an arrest. What If I Never Went Through With It? It doesn't matter. Solicitation charges are based on the offer or agreement, not on whether a sex act occurred. Police arrest people at the agreement stage as part of sting operations designed to stop the transaction before it happens. Is This the Same as Prostitution? No. Under Texas law, prostitution (under Texas Penal Code § 43. 02) applies to the person selling sexual services. Solicitation (§ 43. 021) applies to the person offering to pay for those services. Both are now felonies in Texas. Penalties for Solicitation of Prostitution in Dallas Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 021, the penalties depend on the circumstances of the offense and your prior criminal history: First offense: State jail felony, punishable by 180 days to 2 years in state jail and a fine of up to $10,000 Second or... > Facing cocaine charges in Dallas? Learn penalties, defenses, and bond info for cocaine possession. Free consultation: (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-20 - Modified: 2026-01-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-drug-possession-lawyer/cocaine-possession/ A cocaine possession charge in Dallas County can lead to years in prison, thousands of dollars in fines, and a felony record that follows you for life. These cases are prosecuted aggressively, and even a small amount can result in serious felony charges. If you or someone you love is facing cocaine possession charges in Dallas, you need experienced legal representation immediately. At Varghese Summersett, we've helped countless clients fight drug charges in Dallas County. With over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our four Texas offices, we understand how to challenge the prosecution's case and fight for the best possible outcome. The sooner you speak with a lawyer, the more options you'll have to protect your future. What Is Cocaine Possession Under Texas Law? Cocaine is classified as a Penalty Group 1 controlled substance under the Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 115. This means Texas treats cocaine as one of the most dangerous drugs, placing it in the same category as heroin and methamphetamine. To prove cocaine possession, prosecutors must establish two elements. First, they must show you exercised care, custody, control, or management over the substance. Second, they must prove you knew the substance you possessed was cocaine. This "knowledge" requirement is where many defense strategies begin. Possession doesn't necessarily mean the cocaine was found in your pocket. Under Texas law, you can be charged with cocaine possession if the drug is found anywhere in your control, including your vehicle, home, or even nearby areas where prosecutors argue you had access. This is called "constructive possession," and it's often the weakest part of the prosecution's case. Penalties for Cocaine Possession in Dallas Texas punishes cocaine possession severely. The penalties depend entirely on the weight of the substance, and the ranges increase dramatically as the amount grows. Less than 1 gram: State jail felony punishable by 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and fines up to $10,000 1 gram to less than 4 grams: Third-degree felony with 2 to 10 years in prison and fines up to $10,000 4 grams to less than 200 grams: Second-degree felony carrying 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000 200 grams to less than 400 grams: First-degree felony with 5 to 99 years in prison and fines up to $10,000 400 grams or more: Enhanced first-degree felony punishable by 10 to 99 years or life in prison and fines up to $100,000 These penalties can increase if the offense occurred in a drug-free zone, such as near a school, youth center, or playground. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 134, possession in a drug-free zone can elevate the offense by one penalty level. Beyond prison time and fines, a cocaine conviction carries lasting collateral consequences. You may lose your right to vote, own firearms, or serve on a jury. Professional licenses can be revoked, and many employers refuse to hire applicants with felony drug convictions. If you're not a U.... > Injured in a slip and fall in Dallas? Our experienced Dallas slip and fall lawyers fight property owners and insurance companies for maximum compensation. Free consult. - Published: 2026-01-20 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-slip-and-fall-lawyer/ If you slipped and fell on someone else's property in Dallas and were injured, you may be entitled to compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas law holds property owners accountable when dangerous conditions on their premises cause injuries to visitors. The challenge is proving they knew about the hazard and failed to fix it. Slip and fall cases are harder to win than most people think. Insurance companies will argue you should have seen the danger, or that you caused your own fall. That's why you need an experienced Dallas slip and fall lawyer who understands Texas premises liability law and knows how to build a winning case. https://youtu. be/_m25T2R_RPw What Is a Slip and Fall Under Texas Law? A slip and fall is a type of premises liability claim. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 75. 002, property owners have a legal duty to keep their premises reasonably safe for visitors. When they fail to do that and someone gets hurt, they can be held liable. The law divides visitors into three categories. Invitees are people who enter a property for the owner's benefit, like customers in a store. Property owners owe the highest duty of care to invitees. Licensees are social guests. Trespassers are people who enter without permission. To win a slip and fall case in Dallas, you must prove four things. First, the property owner had control over the premises. Second, a dangerous condition existed. Third, the owner knew or should have known about it. Fourth, the owner failed to fix it or warn you, and that failure caused your injury. Common slip and fall hazards include wet floors without warning signs, uneven pavement, poor lighting, broken stairs, torn carpet, ice or snow, debris in walkways, and freshly waxed floors. These cases often happen in grocery stores, shopping malls, restaurants, apartment complexes, office buildings, and parking lots. What Damages Can You Recover After a Slip and Fall? Texas law allows injured people to recover both economic and non-economic damages. Economic damages are your actual financial losses. This includes all medical expenses, from the ambulance ride to surgery to physical therapy. It also covers lost wages if you missed work, and future medical costs if you need ongoing treatment. Non-economic damages compensate you for pain and suffering, mental anguish, and reduced quality of life. If your injury is permanent, like chronic back pain or a traumatic brain injury, these damages can be substantial. Texas does not cap non-economic damages in most personal injury cases. In rare cases involving gross negligence, you may also recover punitive damages. These are meant to punish the property owner and deter similar conduct. But Texas law sets strict limits on punitive damages under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 41. 008. How Fault and Liability Work in Dallas Slip and Fall Cases Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule. This means you can still recover damages even if you were partly at fault... > Dallas school abuse lawyer helping victims of assault, bullying, restraint abuse, and negligent supervision recover compensation. Free consultation. Call 214-903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-20 - Modified: 2026-01-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-school-abuse-lawyer/ If your child was physically assaulted, sexually abused, or seriously harmed at a Dallas school due to negligent supervision or failure to protect students, you can file a civil lawsuit to recover compensation. These cases hold schools accountable when they fail in their duty to keep children safe from harm. Whether the abuse came from a teacher, coach, staff member, or another student the school should have stopped, you have legal options. School abuse cases take many forms. Physical assault by teachers or staff, improper use of restraint and seclusion, sexual misconduct, bullying that administrators ignored, inadequate security that allowed violence, and failure to supervise students properly can all form the basis of a claim. When schools breach their duty to protect students, they can be held liable for the resulting harm. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas school abuse lawyers understand how devastating it is when a child is hurt at school. We've represented families across Texas in cases against schools. Our team includes former prosecutors who know how to investigate institutional failures and build strong cases that get results. What Types of School Abuse Can You Sue For in Dallas? Physical abuse by school staff is more common than many parents realize. This includes teachers hitting or striking students, coaches using excessive physical punishment, staff using improper restraint techniques that cause injury, and administrators allowing corporal punishment beyond what's legally allowed. Sexual abuse and misconduct covers a wide range of harmful behavior. Teachers or staff engaging in sexual contact with students, inappropriate touching or comments, failure to stop known sexual harassment between students, and grooming behavior where adults build inappropriate relationships with minors all fall into this category. Restraint and seclusion abuse has become a serious problem in many schools. Staff may use excessive force when restraining students, lock children in seclusion rooms for extended periods, use restraint techniques not permitted by district policy, or fail to properly monitor students placed in isolation. These practices can cause both physical injuries and severe psychological trauma. Bullying and peer violence that schools fail to address can also support legal claims. When administrators know about serious bullying but don't intervene, when schools fail to implement anti-bullying policies, or when inadequate supervision allows student-on-student violence to occur, the school can be held responsible for the harm that results. Negligent supervision leads to many preventable injuries. Schools have a duty to properly monitor hallways, bathrooms, playgrounds, and other areas where students gather. When they fail to maintain adequate supervision and a child gets hurt, they can be liable. Can You Sue Dallas Schools for Failure to Protect Students? Yes. Both public and private schools in Dallas can be sued when they fail to protect students from foreseeable harm. The legal process differs depending on whether you're suing a public school district or a private institution. For Dallas Independent School District and other public schools, you must first file a notice of claim under the Texas Tort Claims Act. This notice must be filed within... - Published: 2026-01-19 - Modified: 2026-01-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-gun-lawyer/unlawful-carry/ If you're facing an unlawful carry of a weapon charge in Denton County, you could be looking at up to a year in jail and a permanent mark on your criminal record. Texas gun laws have become more complex since the state adopted permitless carry in 2021, and many people are surprised to learn that certain circumstances still make it illegal to carry a firearm. A Denton County criminal defense attorney who understands weapons charges can analyze your case and fight for the best possible outcome. The stakes are high with any gun charge. Beyond jail time and fines, a conviction can affect your ability to own firearms in the future, impact your employment, and follow you for the rest of your life. At Varghese Summersett, our defense team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We know how prosecutors in Denton County approach these cases, and we know how to challenge them. What Questions Do People Have About Unlawful Carry Charges? When someone is arrested for unlawful carry of a weapon in Denton County, they typically want to know whether they're facing a misdemeanor or felony, what the possible penalties are, and whether there's any way to get the charge dismissed. Others wonder if Texas's permitless carry law should have protected them or question whether the traffic stop or search that led to their arrest was even legal. Many defendants are also concerned about their gun rights after an arrest. They want to understand if they can still own firearms, whether their License to Carry (LTC) will be affected, and how to minimize the long-term consequences of the charge. These are all valid concerns that an experienced weapons defense attorney can address. What Unlawful Carry of a Weapon Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 46. 02, it is illegal to intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carry a handgun, illegal knife, or club in certain situations or locations. While Texas allows most adults 21 and older to carry handguns without a permit (sometimes called "constitutional carry"), there are still significant restrictions on who can carry and where. A person commits the offense of unlawful carrying of a weapon if they carry a handgun while: engaging in criminal activity (other than a Class C misdemeanor traffic offense), prohibited from possessing a firearm under state or federal law, intoxicated (other than in their own home or vehicle), on the premises of a business that derives 51% or more of its income from alcohol sales, or in other prohibited locations under Texas Penal Code § 46. 03. The law also prohibits carrying a handgun if you have a prior felony conviction, a recent family violence conviction, or are subject to certain protective orders. Understanding exactly which provision applies to your case is essential to building an effective defense. Penalties for Unlawful Carry of a Weapon in Texas The penalties for unlawful carry vary significantly depending on the circumstances of your case and your criminal history. Here's... > Charged with manufacture or delivery of a controlled substance in Denton County? Learn about penalties, defenses, and how our drug defense lawyers can help. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-19 - Modified: 2026-01-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/manufacture-or-delivery-of-a-controlled-substance/ If you've been charged with manufacture or delivery of a controlled substance in Denton County, you're facing some of the most serious drug charges under Texas law. These are felony offenses that can result in years or even decades in prison, massive fines, and a permanent criminal record. The penalties depend on the type of drug involved, the amount, and whether any aggravating factors apply. You need to understand what you're up against and what options exist for fighting these charges. Our experienced Denton County drug lawyer can examine the evidence, challenge the prosecution's case, and work toward the best possible outcome. The earlier you get legal help, the more options you'll have. What Does "Manufacture or Delivery" Mean Under Texas Law? Texas law treats manufacture and delivery as separate but related offenses. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 112, it is illegal to knowingly manufacture, deliver, or possess with intent to deliver a controlled substance. The same statute covers intent to deliver, which means prosecutors don't need to prove an actual sale occurred. "Manufacture" includes any step in the production process. This could mean growing marijuana plants, cooking methamphetamine, mixing precursor chemicals, or packaging drugs for distribution. Even possessing equipment or chemicals used to make drugs can support a manufacture charge. "Delivery" is broader than you might think. It covers selling drugs, but it also includes giving drugs away, offering to give them away, or transferring them to another person. If you hand a friend a pill at a party, that technically qualifies as delivery under Texas law. The Role of Intent in Manufacture or Delivery of a Controlled Substance Possession with intent to deliver is charged when police believe drugs found in your possession were meant for distribution rather than personal use. Prosecutors often rely on circumstantial evidence to prove intent, including the quantity of drugs found, packaging materials (baggies, scales), large amounts of cash, multiple cell phones, or communications suggesting drug sales. The distinction between simple possession and possession with intent to deliver can mean the difference between a state jail felony and a first-degree felony carrying a potential life sentence. Penalty Groups and What They Mean for Your Case Texas classifies controlled substances into four penalty groups based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical use. The penalty group determines how severely the offense is punished, with Penalty Group 1 carrying the harshest consequences. Penalty Group 1 This group includes the most dangerous drugs with high abuse potential and limited medical applications. Substances in this category include cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, and GHB. Penalties for manufacture or delivery of Penalty Group 1 substances under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 112 are: Less than 1 gram: State jail felony (180 days to 2 years in state jail, up to $10,000 fine) 1 to 4 grams: Second-degree felony (2 to 20 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine) 4 to 200 grams: First-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life, up... > Denton County Gun Lawyer | Weapons Charges Defense - Published: 2026-01-19 - Modified: 2026-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-gun-lawyer/ If you've been arrested for a gun offense in Denton County, you could be facing serious felony charges, years in prison, and the permanent loss of your firearm rights. Texas takes weapons violations seriously, and a conviction can follow you for life. The good news is that many gun cases can be won or reduced with the right defense strategy. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County criminal defense attorneys have helped thousands of clients fight weapons charges across Texas. We understand Texas gun laws inside and out, and we know how to challenge the evidence prosecutors rely on. If you're facing an unlawful carrying charge, a felon in possession case, or any other firearm offense, we're ready to fight for you. Texas Gun Laws: What You Need to Know Texas has a reputation as a gun-friendly state, and in many ways, that's true. The state allows permitless carry for most adults over 21 who can legally possess a firearm. But Texas also aggressively prosecutes people who violate its weapons laws. The difference between legal gun possession and a criminal offense often comes down to where you were, who you are, and how you were carrying the weapon. Understanding these distinctions is critical. A simple mistake about where you can carry your firearm could result in felony charges. A prior conviction you thought was minor could turn routine gun possession into a third-degree felony. Our job is to examine every detail of your case and find the strongest path to protecting your freedom and your rights. Common Gun Charges in Denton County Gun offenses in Texas range from Class A misdemeanors to first-degree felonies depending on the circumstances. Here are the charges we see most often in Denton County: Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon Under Texas Penal Code § 46. 02, it's generally legal for adults 21 and older to carry a handgun in Texas without a license. However, carrying becomes unlawful in certain situations. You can be charged with unlawful carrying if you possess a handgun while intoxicated (other than in your home or vehicle), while committing a criminal offense other than a minor traffic violation, or if you're prohibited from possessing firearms altogether. The base offense under § 46. 02(b) is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in county jail and fines up to $4,000. However, if you have a prior felony conviction, the charge elevates to a third-degree felony under § 46. 02(e)(1), carrying 2 to 10 years in prison. If you have a prior misdemeanor family violence conviction, unlawful carry is also enhanced to a Class A misdemeanor with increased consequences. Unlawful Possession of a Firearm by a Felon Texas Penal Code § 46. 04 prohibits convicted felons from possessing firearms for five years after release from confinement or community supervision, whichever is later. After that five-year period, a felon may possess a firearm, but only in their home. This restriction applies regardless of how old the felony conviction is. Violating this law... > Comprehensive guide to Gun Rights in Texas covering constitutional carry, prohibited places, penalties, and self-defense. - Published: 2026-01-19 - Modified: 2026-01-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/gun-rights-in-texas/ Texas allows most adults 21 and older to carry handguns openly or concealed without a permit under the state's constitutional carry law (though following the federal court's ruling in Firearms Policy Coalition v. McCraw, adults aged 18–20 who are otherwise legally eligible may also carry and obtain LTCs). But "permitless carry" doesn't mean unlimited carry. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about Texas firearms law: who can carry, how to carry, where you cannot carry, what happens if you're charged with a weapons offense, and when force is legally justified. The Legal Framework: Texas Penal Code Chapter 46 Texas gun law centers on Chapter 46 of the Texas Penal Code, which defines weapons, regulates carrying and possession, establishes prohibited locations, and provides defenses or exceptions. While other codes contain gun-related provisions (Government Code, Family Code, etc. ), Chapter 46 is the starting point for most carry and possession questions. One critical aspect of Texas firearms law: local governments are preempted from enacting most independent firearms regulations. The statewide rules in Chapter 46 generally control, meaning you don't have to worry about city-by-city variations in most cases. However, certain locations like airports, courthouses, and schools have their own specific rules that apply regardless of state law. Constitutional Carry: What It Means in Texas Effective September 1, 2021, Texas adopted "constitutional carry" (also called permitless carry) through House Bill 1927. This law allows most Texans 21 and older to carry handguns in public without obtaining a License to Carry (LTC). You can carry either openly or concealed in most public places. Constitutional carry was a significant change in Texas law. Before 2021, carrying a handgun in public required an LTC. Now, the license is optional for most situations, though it still provides important benefits we'll discuss below. The key word in constitutional carry is "most. " There are still significant restrictions on who can carry, where they can carry, and how they must carry. Understanding these restrictions is essential to avoiding criminal charges. Who Can Legally Carry a Gun in Texas? To qualify for permitless carry under Texas law, you generally must be at least 21 years old, not be prohibited from possessing a firearm under state or federal law, not have been convicted within the previous five years of certain misdemeanors, and not be a member of a criminal street gang. The five-year disqualifying misdemeanors include assault causing bodily injury, deadly conduct, terroristic threat, and disorderly conduct involving a firearm. If you've been convicted of any of these within the past five years, you cannot lawfully carry a handgun in public, even though the conviction itself was only a misdemeanor. People Between Ages 18 and 20 In 2023, a federal court in Firearms Policy Coalition v. McCraw enjoined enforcement of Texas's 21-and-older age requirement for carrying handguns, finding it unconstitutional under the Second Amendment. As a result, the Texas Department of Public Safety no longer denies LTC applications solely because an applicant is between 18 and 20 years... > Facing aggravated assault charges in Denton County? Our defense attorneys have secured dismissals in serious felony cases. Free consultation: (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-01-18 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/aggravated-assault/ Aggravated assault is one of the most serious violent crime charges you can face in Denton County. If convicted, you could spend years in state prison and carry a felony record for the rest of your life. The good news is that many aggravated assault cases can be fought successfully with the right legal strategy. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have secured dismissals and charge reductions in aggravated assault cases across Texas, including Denton County. We understand the fear and uncertainty you're facing right now. A felony conviction could cost you your job, your freedom, and your future. But with experienced representation, there are often strong defenses available that can lead to reduced charges or even dismissal. What Questions Do People Have About Aggravated Assault Charges? When someone is arrested for aggravated assault in Denton County, they usually have urgent questions. How much prison time am I facing? Will I have to post bond? Can this charge be reduced or dismissed? Is self-defense a valid argument? These are all questions we can help answer during a free consultation. Many people don't realize that the circumstances of their arrest could lead to a strong defense. Witnesses may have given inaccurate statements. The alleged victim may have exaggerated the threat or injury. In some cases, the defendant was actually acting in self-defense or defense of others. Understanding your specific situation is the first step toward building an effective defense strategy. If you've been charged with aggravated assault in Denton County, time matters. Evidence can disappear, witnesses' memories fade, and prosecutors move quickly to build their case. Schedule a free consultation with one of our Denton County criminal defense attorneys as soon as possible to protect your rights. What Aggravated Assault Means Under Texas Law Texas treats aggravated assault as a more serious offense than simple assault. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02, aggravated assault occurs when a person commits assault as defined under Section 22. 01 and either causes serious bodily injury to another person, or uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. This means prosecutors must prove two things. First, they must show you committed an assault by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another person, or by threatening someone with imminent bodily injury, or by causing physical contact that you knew or should have known would be offensive or provocative. Second, they must prove either that you caused serious bodily injury or that you used or exhibited a deadly weapon. The law defines "serious bodily injury" as injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes permanent disfigurement, or results in protracted loss or impairment of a bodily member or organ. A "deadly weapon" includes firearms, knives, and any object capable of causing death or serious bodily injury when used in the manner intended. Texas courts have classified everything from cars to baseball bats as deadly weapons depending on how they were used. Penalties for Aggravated Assault in Texas The... > Charged with assault bodily injury in Denton County? Our defense attorneys have secured 96+ assault dismissals. Free consultation: (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-01-18 - Modified: 2026-01-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/assault-bodily-injury/ Assault causing bodily injury is one of the most commonly charged crimes in Denton County, and a conviction can result in jail time, steep fines, and a permanent criminal record. If you've been arrested for assault bodily injury in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, or anywhere else in Denton County, your freedom and future are on the line. The experienced Denton County assault lawyers at Varghese Summersett have secured more than 96 assault dismissals and dozens of charge reductions throughout Texas. We know how to fight these charges and protect your rights. An assault arrest can happen quickly, often based on one person's account of events. Police are trained to make an arrest first and let prosecutors sort it out later. That means you could be facing serious charges even if you were acting in self-defense, were falsely accused, or were involved in a mutual altercation. What happens next depends on the quality of your legal defense. What Is Assault Causing Bodily Injury Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(1), a person commits assault if they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person. "Bodily injury" is defined broadly to include any physical pain, illness, or impairment of physical condition. This means even minor injuries like bruising, scratches, or soreness can support an assault charge. You don't have to leave a visible mark to be charged. Prosecutors routinely file assault bodily injury cases based on the alleged victim's claim that they experienced pain, even if there's no documented injury. This low threshold makes these charges common but also creates opportunities for defense. The Difference Between Assault and Aggravated Assault Simple assault causing bodily injury is a misdemeanor offense. However, if serious bodily injury occurs or a deadly weapon is used, the charge escalates to aggravated assault, which is a second-degree felony. Serious bodily injury means an injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes permanent disfigurement, or results in prolonged loss of a bodily function. Penalties for Assault Bodily Injury in Texas The penalties for assault causing bodily injury depend on the circumstances of the offense, your criminal history, and who the alleged victim is. Class A Misdemeanor (Standard Assault Bodily Injury): Up to 1 year in the Denton County Jail, fines up to $4,000, and a permanent criminal record. Third-Degree Felony (Assault Family Violence with Prior Conviction): If you have a prior conviction for assault against a family or household member, a new assault family violence charge becomes a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. Third-Degree Felony (Assault Against Certain Victims): Assault against a public servant, security officer, emergency services personnel, or certain other protected individuals is also a third-degree felony under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(b). Beyond these direct penalties, an assault conviction creates collateral consequences that follow you for years. You may lose your right to possess firearms under federal law, face difficulties finding employment or housing, and suffer damage to child... > Facing felony DWI charges in Denton County? Learn about third offense DWI penalties, defenses, and how our Felony DWI attorney can help. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-18 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/felony-dwi-attorney/ A felony DWI charge in Denton County can result in years in prison, thousands of dollars in fines, and a permanent criminal record that follows you for life. Texas law elevates certain DWI offenses to felony status when specific aggravating factors are present, including a third or subsequent offense, driving while intoxicated with a child passenger, or causing serious injury while impaired. If you or someone you love is facing a felony DWI charge in Denton County, the situation is serious but not hopeless. With the right defense strategy, it may be possible to reduce the charges, negotiate a favorable plea, or fight for an acquittal at trial. The key is acting quickly to protect your rights before prosecutors build their case against you. What Makes a DWI a Felony in Texas? Most first and second DWI offenses in Texas are charged as misdemeanors. However, the law treats certain DWI cases much more severely. Understanding what elevates a DWI to felony status can help you grasp the seriousness of your situation and why you need an experienced Denton County DWI lawyer fighting for you. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09, a DWI becomes a third degree felony when the person has two or more prior DWI convictions. This applies regardless of how long ago those prior offenses occurred. Texas has no "look-back" period for DWI enhancements, meaning a conviction from 20 years ago counts the same as one from last year. A DWI also becomes a felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045 when a person drives while intoxicated with a child passenger under 15 years old. This offense is a state jail felony, even if it is the person's first DWI arrest. The law treats endangering a child through intoxicated driving as an especially serious offense deserving of enhanced punishment. Felony DWI Categories Under Texas Law Texas recognizes several categories of felony DWI offenses, each carrying different potential penalties. The most common include third or subsequent DWI, which is charged as a third degree felony. DWI with a child passenger is a state jail felony on the first offense. Intoxication assault (causing serious bodily injury while intoxicated) is a third degree felony. Intoxication manslaughter (causing death while intoxicated) is a second degree felony. The prosecution must prove intoxication beyond a reasonable doubt in every case. This typically means showing that the defendant lost the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or a combination of substances, or that the defendant had a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher. A skilled defense attorney will scrutinize every aspect of the state's evidence to identify weaknesses in their case. Penalties for Felony DWI in Denton County The consequences of a felony DWI conviction extend far beyond jail time. Denton County prosecutors take these cases seriously, and judges have significant discretion in sentencing. Understanding what you are facing can help you appreciate why mounting an aggressive defense is so important. Third Degree Felony DWI (Third... > Injured in Denton County? Our Denton County personal injury lawyer fights for maximum compensation for car accidents, truck wrecks & more. Free consultation. (940) 252-2220. - Published: 2026-01-17 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-personal-injury-lawyer/ If you've been hurt in an accident in Denton County, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries, lost wages, and pain and suffering. The days and weeks after a serious injury can feel overwhelming, with medical bills piling up while you're unable to work. Our Denton County personal injury lawyers understand what you're going through, and we're here to help you hold the responsible party accountable. At Varghese Summersett, we represent injured victims across Denton County, including those hurt in car accidents, truck collisions, motorcycle crashes, and other incidents caused by someone else's negligence. With offices in Fort Worth and Southlake just minutes from Denton County, our team of more than 70 attorneys and legal professionals is ready to fight for the full compensation you deserve. Why You Need a Denton County Personal Injury Attorney After an accident, insurance companies are not on your side. Their goal is to pay you as little as possible or deny your claim entirely. Adjusters may contact you quickly, before you understand the full extent of your injuries, hoping you'll accept a lowball offer or say something that damages your case. A skilled personal injury lawyer protects you from these tactics. We handle all communication with insurance companies, investigate the accident thoroughly, and build the strongest possible case for your recovery. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 33, you can recover damages as long as you're not more than 50% at fault for the accident. We work to establish the other party's liability and maximize your compensation. If you've been injured in Denton County, don't wait. Evidence disappears. Witnesses forget. And the statute of limitations in Texas gives you just two years to file a lawsuit in most personal injury cases. Types of Denton County Accident Cases We Handle Our personal injury attorneys handle a wide range of cases throughout Denton County, from accidents on I-35E and I-35W to crashes at busy intersections in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, and Frisco. We represent victims injured in the following types of accidents. Car Accidents Car accidents are the most common cause of personal injury claims in Denton County. Distracted driving, speeding, running red lights, and drunk driving cause thousands of crashes each year on local roads and highways. If another driver's negligence caused your accident, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries, vehicle damage, and other losses. Truck Accidents Accidents involving 18-wheelers and commercial trucks often cause catastrophic injuries due to the size and weight of these vehicles. Truck accident cases are more complex than typical car accidents because multiple parties may be liable, including the truck driver, trucking company, and cargo loaders. We have experience investigating these cases and identifying all sources of recovery. Motorcycle Accidents Motorcyclists face serious risks on Texas roads, and motorcycle accidents often result in severe injuries including broken bones, road rash, traumatic brain injuries, and spinal cord damage. Despite common misconceptions, motorcyclists have the same rights as other drivers. If another motorist caused your... > Denton County attorneys for criminal defense, personal injury & family law. Board certified specialists. Trial attorneys. Available 24/7. (940) 252-2220 - Published: 2026-01-16 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton/ Meet Our Denton County Attorneys Location: Denton County, Texas Practice Areas: Criminal Defense, Personal Injury, Family Law Phone: (940) 252-2220 Criminal Defense Meet Our Denton County Criminal Defense Attorney Team Personal Injury Meet Our Denton County Personal Injury Lawyer Team Family Law & Divorce Meet Our Denton County Family and Divorce Lawyer Team Call (940) 252-2220 Free Consultation Denton County Criminal Defense Lawyers Facing criminal charges in Denton County means confronting a system designed to convict. The prosecutors at the Denton County Courthouse on East McKinney Street handle thousands of cases each year—and they're good at what they do. Our Denton County criminal defense attorneys know these courtrooms, these judges, and these prosecutors. We fight relentlessly to protect your rights, your freedom, and your future. Criminal Cases We Handle in Denton County DWI & Intoxication Offenses Denton County law enforcement runs aggressive DWI enforcement along I-35, Highway 380, and throughout the entertainment districts in Denton and Lewisville. Whether you were stopped leaving Fry Street, pulled over near Lake Lewisville, or arrested at a checkpoint, the consequences extend far beyond court. We scrutinize breath and blood test procedures, challenge the legality of the stop, and examine whether officers followed proper protocols. First-time offenses, felony DWI with priors, and intoxication manslaughter cases all require different strategies—and we know how to approach each one. Drug Crimes From marijuana possession near UNT and TWU campuses to methamphetamine trafficking along the I-35 corridor, Denton County prosecutors take drug cases seriously. The penalties can be wildly disproportionate—a small amount of concentrate can become a felony, while a prescription in the wrong container can end a career. We represent people facing possession, manufacturing, and distribution charges at both state and federal levels. We examine every search, every traffic stop, every piece of evidence. Constitutional violations are more common than most people realize. Assault & Violent Crimes Violence allegations carry immediate consequences in Denton County. You may face emergency protective orders, lose access to your home, and find yourself presumed guilty before anyone hears your side. Domestic violence cases in particular move fast—and the system doesn't always get it right. We defend clients charged with simple assault, aggravated assault, family violence, robbery, and other violent offenses throughout Denton County. Self-defense, false accusations, and mistaken identity happen more often than prosecutors admit. Theft & Property Crimes Retail theft at Denton's Golden Triangle Mall or the shops along FM 2499 in Flower Mound. Burglary allegations in Highland Village. Unauthorized use of a vehicle in Lewisville. These charges—whether misdemeanors or felonies—create records that follow you for life. They affect employment, housing, and professional licensing. We handle the full range of property offenses and know that many cases turn on questions of intent, identification, or valuation. A conviction isn't inevitable. White Collar Crimes White collar investigations in Denton County often begin long before you realize you're a target. By the time charges are filed in fraud, embezzlement, forgery, or identity theft cases, prosecutors may have spent months or years building their case.... > Injured in a Dallas refinery explosion? Our experienced Dallas refinery explosion lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-14 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-refinery-explosion-lawyer/ If you were injured in a refinery explosion in Dallas, you may be facing catastrophic burns, respiratory damage, and mounting medical bills. Refinery explosions often result from safety violations, equipment failures, or inadequate training. You have the right to hold responsible parties accountable and recover compensation for your injuries. Varghese Summersett has represented workers injured in some of the most severe industrial accidents in Texas. Our Dallas refinery explosion lawyers understand the complexities of refinery cases and know how to prove negligence when safety protocols break down. Why Refinery Explosions Happen Refineries process highly flammable materials under extreme pressure and temperature. When something goes wrong, the consequences can be deadly. The most common causes include equipment failure, inadequate maintenance, improper training, and violations of federal safety standards. Many explosions trace back to failures in pressure relief systems, corroded pipelines, or defective valves. Others result from human error, such as improper lockout/tagout procedures or failure to monitor gas levels. In some cases, companies knowingly cut corners on safety to save money. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has documented repeated violations at Texas refineries. When explosions occur, investigators often find patterns of neglect that company management chose to ignore. https://youtu. be/g8IESS86PEM? list=PLwKVUzTK6028reIroYML-JN5UO1zI4aP6 Who Can Be Held Liable for a Refinery Explosion Multiple parties may share responsibility for your injuries. The refinery owner or operator bears primary responsibility for maintaining safe working conditions. Equipment manufacturers can be held liable if defective products contributed to the explosion. Third-party contractors who performed faulty maintenance or repairs may also be responsible. In some cases, safety inspectors who failed to report known hazards can face liability. Texas law allows injured workers to pursue claims against all parties whose negligence contributed to the accident. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 013, defendants can be held jointly and severally liable when multiple parties contribute to catastrophic injuries. This means you can recover full compensation even if one defendant cannot pay their share. Injuries From Refinery Explosions Explosion injuries often require years of treatment and leave permanent scars. Burns are the most common and devastating consequence, ranging from first-degree surface burns to fourth-degree burns that destroy skin, muscle, and bone. Many victims suffer traumatic brain injuries from the blast wave or being thrown by the explosion. Respiratory damage from inhaling toxic fumes or superheated air can cause permanent lung scarring. Hearing loss, vision damage, and crush injuries are also common. The psychological impact can be just as severe. Many survivors develop post-traumatic stress disorder and struggle to return to work in industrial settings. Some injuries, particularly severe burns, require dozens of surgeries and leave victims permanently disabled. Common Refinery Explosion Injuries Include: Second, third, and fourth-degree burns requiring skin grafts Traumatic brain injuries from blast force Respiratory damage and chemical exposure Amputations from blast trauma or crushing debris Spinal cord injuries and paralysis Shrapnel wounds and internal injuries Permanent scarring and disfigurement Post-traumatic stress disorder Compensation Available for Explosion Victims If you were injured in... > Injured in a Dallas plant explosion? Our experienced Dallas plant explosion lawyers help victims recover compensation for trauma and lost wages. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-13 - Modified: 2026-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-plant-explosion-lawyer/ A plant explosion can destroy your body, your livelihood, and your future in seconds. If you or someone you love was injured in an industrial explosion in Dallas, you're facing medical bills that climb by the hour, lost income you can't afford to lose, and pain that won't quit. You need someone who will fight for what you're owed. Varghese Summersett represents victims of workplace explosions, industrial accidents, and catastrophic injuries across Dallas. We know how plant owners and insurance companies try to minimize payouts after devastating events. We don't let them. https://youtu. be/g8IESS86PEM? list=PLwKVUzTK602_lF90MVay9mx5wMxUVYvyr What Causes Plant Explosions in Dallas? Industrial explosions don't just happen. They result from specific failures, negligence, and preventable dangers. Understanding what caused your explosion matters because it determines who can be held responsible and what compensation you can recover. Chemical plants, manufacturing facilities, oil refineries, and industrial sites across Dallas County create environments where one mistake can trigger disaster. Common causes include: Equipment failure. Boilers, pressure vessels, and storage tanks that aren't properly maintained can rupture without warning. Corroded pipes leak flammable gases. Faulty valves fail to release dangerous pressure. When equipment breaks down, explosions follow. Human error. Workers who aren't properly trained make critical mistakes. Supervisors who cut corners to meet deadlines create deadly conditions. A single oversight in mixing chemicals or monitoring gauges can turn a routine shift into a catastrophe. Safety violations. Many explosions happen because companies ignore federal safety standards. Missing ventilation systems let combustible dust accumulate. Inadequate fire suppression equipment fails when it's needed most. Facilities that skip required inspections put profit over people. Lack of protective measures. Plants without proper explosion-proof electrical systems, gas detection monitors, or emergency shutdown procedures leave workers exposed to preventable risks. When safety systems don't exist or aren't maintained, workers pay the price. Who Can Be Held Liable After a Dallas Plant Explosion? Multiple parties may share responsibility for your injuries. Texas law allows you to pursue compensation from anyone whose negligence contributed to the explosion. Your employer. While workers' compensation typically provides limited benefits regardless of fault, you may be able to file a lawsuit against your employer if they intentionally removed safety devices, failed to carry required workers' compensation insurance, or committed fraud to deny your claim. Third-party contractors. If maintenance companies, equipment installers, or other contractors created unsafe conditions that led to the explosion, they can be sued separately from your workers' compensation claim. Their negligence isn't protected by workers' compensation immunity. Equipment manufacturers. Defective machinery, faulty pressure relief valves, or inadequate safety warnings can make manufacturers liable under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 82. 001. If a product defect caused or worsened the explosion, the manufacturer must answer for it. Property owners. When explosions occur at facilities owned by a different entity than your direct employer, the property owner may be liable for failing to maintain safe premises or for allowing dangerous conditions to persist. Chemical suppliers. Companies that supply hazardous materials have a duty to provide... > Injured on someone's property in Dallas? Our Dallas premise liability lawyers hold negligent property owners accountable. Free consultation: (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-13 - Modified: 2026-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-premise-liability-lawyer/ If you were injured on someone else's property in Dallas, you may have a valid premise liability claim. Property owners in Texas have a legal duty to keep their premises reasonably safe, and when they fail to do so, they can be held accountable for the resulting injuries. These cases arise from dangerous conditions like wet floors, broken stairs, inadequate lighting, or negligent security. Whether you were hurt at a grocery store, apartment complex, or commercial property, you deserve compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and suffering. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas premise liability lawyers have helped hundreds of injured Texans recover the compensation they deserve. We know how to prove negligence, counter insurance company tactics, and fight for maximum compensation. What Is Premise Liability in Texas? Premise liability is a legal doctrine that holds property owners responsible when someone is injured due to unsafe conditions on their property. Under Texas law, property owners must maintain their premises in a reasonably safe condition and warn visitors of known hazards. This duty extends to both private property owners and commercial businesses. If an owner knew or should have known about a dangerous condition and failed to fix it or warn visitors, they may be liable for injuries that result. Texas premise liability law recognizes three categories of visitors, each with different levels of protection: Invitees are people who enter property for business purposes. This includes customers in stores, patrons at restaurants, and anyone visiting a business. Property owners owe invitees the highest duty of care, which includes inspecting the property, making it safe, and warning about unreasonable risks. Licensees are social guests who enter property with permission but for their own purposes. The owner must warn licensees of known dangerous conditions and exercise ordinary care to fix hazards. Trespassers enter property without permission. Owners generally owe trespassers no duty except to refrain from willfully, wantonly, or through gross negligence causing harm. Common Types of Premise Liability Cases in Dallas Premise liability accidents happen in countless ways across Dallas County. The property type and circumstances vary, but they all share one thing in common: a property owner's failure to maintain safe conditions. Slip and Fall Accidents These are the most common premise liability claims. They occur when someone slips, trips, or falls due to hazardous conditions like wet floors without warning signs, uneven pavement, torn carpeting, or poor lighting in stairwells. Grocery stores, restaurants, and retail locations are frequent sites for these accidents. Inadequate Security When a property owner fails to provide adequate security measures and someone is assaulted, robbed, or injured as a result, the owner may be liable. This includes apartment complexes with broken locks, parking garages without proper lighting, or businesses in high-crime areas that fail to hire security personnel. Negligent Maintenance Property owners must keep their buildings and grounds properly maintained. Broken handrails, crumbling concrete, malfunctioning elevators, collapsed ceilings, and structural defects can all lead to serious injuries when owners neglect basic maintenance. Swimming Pool Accidents Pool... > Injured due to inadequate security in Dallas? Our Dallas negligent security lawyers help victims of assaults, robberies, and attacks on unsafe properties get compensation. - Published: 2026-01-12 - Modified: 2026-01-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-negligent-security/ If you were assaulted, robbed, or attacked on someone else's property in Dallas, you may have a negligent security claim. Property owners have a legal duty to protect visitors from foreseeable crimes, and when they fail to provide adequate security measures, they can be held liable for injuries that result. Victims of violent crimes on unsafe properties often face devastating physical injuries, emotional trauma, and mounting medical bills. Many don't realize they have legal options beyond the criminal justice system. The Dallas personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett have recovered millions for injury victims across Texas. We understand how to prove negligent security claims and hold property owners accountable when their failures put people in harm's way. What Is Negligent Security Under Texas Law? Negligent security falls under premises liability law in Texas. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 75. 002, property owners and managers must take reasonable steps to protect lawful visitors from foreseeable harm. This duty extends to protecting visitors from criminal acts by third parties when the property owner knew or should have known about the risk of crime. If a property owner fails to implement adequate security measures and someone is injured as a result, they can be held liable for damages. Negligent security claims typically arise when property owners: Know about previous crimes on or near the property but fail to increase security Fail to install or maintain proper lighting in common areas Don't provide working locks on doors and windows Refuse to hire security guards despite high crime rates in the area Fail to install or monitor security cameras in areas where crimes commonly occur Don't control access to the property through gates, key cards, or other security measures Ignore broken fences, gates, or other barriers that allow unauthorized access Common Types of Negligent Security Cases in Dallas Negligent security claims can arise at virtually any type of property where visitors are invited. In Dallas, we frequently see these cases involving: Apartment Complexes and Residential Properties Apartment complexes often see negligent security claims when tenants or guests are assaulted in parking lots, stairwells, or common areas. Landlords must provide adequate lighting, working locks, controlled access systems, and other reasonable security measures based on the crime history in the area. Hotels and Motels Hotel guests have been attacked in parking structures, hallways, and even in their rooms due to inadequate security. Hotels must screen visitors, maintain secure entry systems, provide adequate lighting, and respond to security concerns raised by guests. Shopping Centers and Retail Stores Customers injured during robberies or assaults in parking lots or inside stores may have claims against the property owner. This is especially true when the shopping center is located in a high-crime area or has experienced previous incidents. Bars, Nightclubs, and Entertainment Venues These businesses often see violent incidents due to alcohol consumption and large crowds. They must provide adequate security staff, control access, prevent over-service of alcohol, and respond quickly to disturbances. Parking Lots and Parking Garages... > Injured in a Lyft accident in Dallas? Our experienced Dallas Lyft accident lawyers fight to get you maximum compensation. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-lyft-accident-lawyer/ If you were hurt in a Lyft accident in Dallas, you need legal help fast. Rideshare crashes can involve multiple insurance policies, difficult liability questions, and companies that will do everything they can to limit what you're paid. The decisions you make in the hours and days after your crash can determine whether you get fair compensation or walk away with far less than you deserve. You're probably dealing with medical bills, missed work, and uncertainty about what comes next. The stress of an injury is bad enough without having to fight Lyft's insurance company. That's where we come in. In this article, our Dallas Lyft accident lawyers explain how Lyft accidents work, who can be held liable, how rideshare insurance coverage applies, what your case may be worth, and what steps you should take to protect your rights after a crash. What Makes Lyft Accidents Different From Regular Car Accidents Lyft accidents aren't like standard car crashes. These cases involve commercial rideshare companies with multiple layers of insurance coverage that change depending on what the driver was doing at the time of the collision. Was the app on? Was the driver waiting for a ride request? Was a passenger in the vehicle? The answer to these questions determines which insurance policy applies and how much coverage is available. Most people don't know this when they get hurt, and Lyft's insurance adjusters aren't going to explain it to you. Texas law requires rideshare companies like Lyft to carry specific insurance coverage. Under Texas Transportation Code § 2402. 003, Lyft must maintain at least $1 million in liability coverage when a driver is engaged in a prearranged ride or transporting a passenger. However, when the driver is logged into the app but hasn't accepted a ride yet, coverage drops to just $50,000 per person and $100,000 per accident. If the app is off completely, you may only have the driver's personal insurance, which is often minimal. Understanding which policy applies and how to access that coverage is one of the most challenging aspects of these cases. Insurance companies count on you not knowing these details. Who Can Be Held Liable in a Dallas Lyft Accident Liability in a Lyft crash can fall on multiple parties. The driver who caused the accident is the most obvious defendant, but depending on the circumstances, you may also have a claim against Lyft itself, the manufacturer of a defective vehicle part, or even the city of Dallas if poor road conditions contributed to the crash. If the Lyft driver caused the crash, their actions fall under Texas negligence law. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001, a plaintiff can recover damages as long as they are not more than 50% responsible for the accident. This is known as modified comparative negligence. If you're found 20% at fault, your recovery is reduced by 20%. If you're 51% at fault, you get nothing. This rule puts pressure on you to prove the other driver's... > Injured in an oilfield accident? Our experienced Dallas oilfield accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call 214-903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-oilfield-accident-lawyer/ If you've been injured in an oilfield accident in Texas, you need a lawyer who understands both the complexities of Texas oil and gas law and the severe injuries these accidents cause. Oilfield work is one of the most dangerous jobs in America, and when safety failures lead to catastrophic injuries, employers and equipment manufacturers must be held accountable. The stakes are too high to handle alone. Medical bills pile up fast, and oil companies have powerful legal teams working to minimize what they pay. You need someone in your corner who will fight for every dollar you deserve. In this article, our Dallas Oilfield Accident Lawyers explain your legal rights, the common causes of oilfield injuries, who may be held responsible, and how we fight to recover maximum compensation for injured oilfield workers and their families. https://youtu. be/g8IESS86PEM? list=PLwKVUzTK6028reIroYML-JN5UO1zI4aP6 Why Oilfield Accidents Are So Dangerous Dallas sits at the center of Texas oil and gas operations. While most people think of Houston when they think of the oil industry, Dallas County and the surrounding areas are home to numerous drilling sites, equipment yards, and support facilities. Workers in these environments face daily hazards that most people never encounter. Heavy machinery, high-pressure equipment, toxic chemicals, and extreme working conditions create a perfect storm for serious injuries. Many oilfield accidents result in life-changing injuries like burns, amputations, traumatic brain injuries, and spinal cord damage. The industry's push for productivity often comes at the expense of safety. Workers are expected to meet demanding quotas, sometimes working 12-hour shifts or longer. Fatigue sets in. Corners get cut. Accidents happen. Common Types of Oilfield Accidents in Dallas Oilfield accidents take many forms. Each type presents unique challenges when it comes to proving liability and recovering compensation. Equipment failures are among the most common. Blowout preventers malfunction. Drilling equipment breaks down. When this happens, workers can be struck by heavy objects, caught in machinery, or exposed to dangerous chemicals. These aren't minor mishaps. They're catastrophic events that destroy lives in seconds. Explosions and fires occur when flammable gases ignite. Natural gas, petroleum vapors, and other volatile substances are present throughout oilfield operations. One spark from faulty wiring or a static discharge can trigger an explosion that kills or severely burns multiple workers. Falls from height happen on drilling rigs, platforms, and storage tanks. Workers climb ladders, operate lifts, and work on elevated surfaces every day. When fall protection equipment fails or isn't provided, workers plummet to the ground, suffering broken bones, head injuries, or worse. Vehicle accidents are another major concern. Oilfield workers drive heavy trucks on rural roads, often in bad weather or during nighttime hours. Collisions with other vehicles or single-vehicle rollovers cause serious injuries and wrongful deaths. Toxic exposure doesn't always show up immediately. Workers breathe in hydrogen sulfide, benzene, and other carcinogens. Years later, they develop cancer or respiratory diseases. By then, the statute of limitations may be running out. Crush injuries occur when workers get caught between heavy equipment or... > Injured while walking in Dallas? Our Dallas pedestrian accident lawyers will fight to get you maximum compensation. Free consultation: (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-pedestrian-accident-lawyer/ If you or someone you love was hit by a car while walking in Dallas, you're facing medical bills, lost wages, and an insurance company that wants to pay as little as possible. Texas law protects your right to compensation when a driver's negligence causes your injuries. Our Dallas pedestrian accident lawyers know how to build strong cases and hold drivers accountable. Getting hit by a vehicle changes everything in an instant. One moment you're crossing the street or walking through a parking lot. The next, you're on the ground with broken bones, a head injury, or worse. The stress of recovering while bills pile up and the insurance company calls asking for statements can be overwhelming. You need someone who knows how these cases work in Dallas County and has the resources to take on insurance companies that fight pedestrian claims aggressively. Varghese Summersett has a proven track record in personal injury cases across Texas, with more than 70 team members and offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Common Questions After a Dallas Pedestrian Accident Most people who get hit by a car have never dealt with a personal injury claim before. You're probably wondering whether you can afford a lawyer, how much your case is worth, and how long this will take? These are fair questions, and we'll answer them directly. Some clients worry that because they weren't in a crosswalk or were crossing against the light, they can't recover anything. That's not true. Texas uses a comparative negligence system. Even if you were partially at fault, you can still recover compensation as long as you weren't more than 50 percent responsible for the accident. Others have been told by the driver's insurance company that their injuries aren't as serious as they claim or that the settlement offer is fair. Insurance adjusters say this to everyone. Their job is to save money for their company, not to look out for you. Types of Compensation Available in Pedestrian Accident Cases When a driver hits a pedestrian in Texas, the injured person can pursue several types of damages. Understanding what you can recover helps you see why accepting an early settlement offer is usually a mistake. Medical expenses cover everything from the ambulance ride to the emergency room visit, hospital stays, surgeries, physical therapy, and future medical care. If your doctor says you'll need ongoing treatment or additional procedures, those costs should be included in your claim. Don't let the insurance company tell you to settle before you know the full extent of your injuries. Lost wages include the income you missed while recovering and any future earning capacity you lost because of permanent injuries. If you can't return to your old job or have to take a position that pays less, that's compensable. Some pedestrian accident victims suffer traumatic brain injuries or spinal cord damage that prevents them from working at all. Pain and suffering accounts for the physical pain, emotional distress, and reduced quality of life... > Facing sexual assault charges in Dallas? Our Dallas sexual assault lawyers—former prosecutors—fight for dismissals & no-bills. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-11 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/sexual-assault-defense/ Are you facing sexual assault or sex crime charges in Dallas? A conviction can result in years or decades in prison, mandatory sex offender registration, and permanent damage to your reputation, career, and relationships. The stakes could not be higher. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas sexual assault defense lawyer has secured dismissals, grand jury no-bills, and significant charge reductions for clients facing the most serious accusations. We understand what you're going through and know how to fight back. Texas prosecutes sex offenses aggressively, and Dallas County is no exception. Our analysis of more than 64,000 bonds set in Dallas County during 2025 reveals that sexual offenses carry an average bond of $72,032, nearly double the overall county average. Whether you're under investigation or have already been arrested, the decisions you make right now will shape your future. Our team has former prosecutors who know how the other side builds cases. We've helped hundreds of clients avoid the worst outcomes. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free, confidential consultation. Dallas County Sex Crime Filing Trends: What the Numbers Show Understanding how Dallas County prosecutes sex crimes can help you prepare for what lies ahead. Our analysis of bond data from January through September 2025 reveals important patterns about how these cases move through the system. Dallas County set bonds in more than 400 sexual offense cases during this nine-month period, plus over 300 additional cases involving sexual assault charges (categorized separately as violent crimes) and over 100 child-related sex offenses. The data tells a clear story: Dallas prosecutors file these cases aggressively, and judges set bonds that reflect the seriousness of the allegations. The most frequently filed charges include indecency with a child (170 combined cases for contact and exposure), sexual assault and sexual assault of a child (190 combined cases), aggravated sexual assault of a child (112 cases), and continuous sexual abuse of a child (83 cases). These numbers demonstrate that Dallas County dedicates significant resources to prosecuting sex crimes at every level. Types of Sex Crimes We Defend in Dallas Sex crime charges in Texas span a wide range of offenses, from misdemeanors to first-degree felonies that carry life sentences. Our Dallas sex crimes defense team handles every type of allegation, including those involving minors, adults, the internet, and commercial sex work. Below, we break down the specific offenses we defend, including typical bond amounts, penalties, and sex offender registration requirements under Chapter 62 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. Defenses to Sex Crime Charges in Dallas Every sex crimes case is different, and the defense strategy depends on the specific facts, evidence, and charges involved. Texas law provides several categories of defenses: statutory defenses built into the Penal Code, affirmative defenses that shift the burden to the defendant, and general defenses that challenge the prosecution's evidence or the legality of the investigation. Statutory Defenses Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011 Texas law builds specific defenses directly into the sexual assault statute. These are separate from general defenses... > Complete guide to Dallas County jails including Lew Sterrett, municipal facilities, contact numbers, visitation rules, and what to do if a loved one is arrested. - Published: 2026-01-11 - Modified: 2026-03-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/dallas-county-jail/ If someone you love was arrested in Dallas County, they are most likely being held at the Lew Sterrett Justice Center — the county's main jail facility. This page walks you through how to find an inmate, where they may be held, how to visit, and how to get them out as quickly as possible. Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas criminal defense firm with a dedicated Dallas office. Our attorneys include Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors, and seasoned trial lawyers who have handled thousands of cases in Dallas County courts. With more than 100 years of combined legal experience across our team of 70+ professionals, we know how Dallas County jails operate — and more importantly, how to get people out of them. You've Seen Us On Dallas County's Main Jail: Lew Sterrett Justice Center The primary detention facility for all of Dallas County is the Lew Sterrett Justice Center, located at 111 West Commerce Street in downtown Dallas. With a capacity of over 7,100 inmates, Lew Sterrett handles all bookings from Dallas County law enforcement agencies and serves as the central hub for pretrial detainees and sentenced inmates across the county. If someone was arrested anywhere in Dallas County — whether by Dallas PD, a suburban city's police department, or the Dallas County Sheriff's Office — they will typically end up at Lew Sterrett after processing through whatever municipal holding facility first took them in. Lew Sterrett Justice Center Contact Information Address: 111 West Commerce Street, Dallas, TX 75202 Phone: (214) 761-9025 (General Information, available 24/7) Online Inmate Search: Dallas County Jail Lookup System How to Find an Inmate in Dallas County The fastest way to locate someone who was arrested in Dallas County is through the online portal at dallascounty. org. The jail lookup system lets you search by name and returns the inmate's current location, charges, and booking information. If you cannot find someone through the online system — which sometimes has a lag after booking — call Lew Sterrett directly at (214) 761-9025. Have the person's full legal name and date of birth ready. Keep in mind that a newly arrested person may not appear in the system for several hours after booking, particularly during overnight arrests or busy weekends. If the person was arrested in one of Dallas County's cities with its own municipal jail, they may still be held there before transfer to Lew Sterrett. See the municipal jail section below for specific lookup options by city. Visiting an Inmate at Lew Sterrett Visitation at Lew Sterrett takes place on weekends only. Visits are allowed on Saturdays and Sundays from 8:00 AM to 2:00 PM, with last check-in at 1:30 PM. Each inmate is permitted two 20-minute visits per week, and a maximum of two adults and two children may visit at one time. All visitors 18 and older must present a valid government-issued photo ID. The facility enforces a conservative dress code strictly — call ahead or check the Dallas... > Learn about Dallas County juvenile diversion programs including diversion courts, probation options, and treatment services. Free consultation: (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-11 - Modified: 2026-01-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-juvenile-defense-lawyer/juvenile-diversion/ How the Dallas County Juvenile System Works When a young person is referred to the Dallas County Juvenile Department, they enter a system governed by Texas Family Code Title 3, which prioritizes rehabilitation over punishment for youth under 17. The department operates under the Dallas County Juvenile Board and maintains five secure facilities, three nonsecure programs, and a network of specialized courts and diversion options. Unlike the adult criminal system, juvenile proceedings focus on what's called "adjudication" rather than conviction. The goal is to provide the least restrictive intervention that still protects public safety and addresses your child's needs. This philosophy shapes every program Dallas County offers. Cases handled at the Henry Wade Juvenile Justice Center in Dallas go through an intake process where probation officers assess the youth's risk level, offense severity, and family situation. This assessment determines whether a case gets diverted, referred to a specialty court, or proceeds through traditional adjudication. Front-End Diversion Programs Dallas County's diversion programs allow many young people to avoid formal court proceedings entirely. These front-end options can result in no adjudication on your child's record, making them the most desirable outcome in most cases. Probation Officer Diversion (Informal) For first-time offenders charged with low-level delinquent conduct, probation officers can impose conditions without ever involving the court. This informal diversion typically requires school attendance, curfew compliance, counseling, community service, and decision-making classes. If your child completes these conditions successfully, the case closes without any formal adjudication. Failure to comply, however, can result in the prosecutor filing a formal petition and proceeding to court. This option works best for youth with no serious prior history, an engaged parent or guardian willing to supervise compliance, and an offense that doesn't involve violence, weapons, or sexual conduct. Specialized Diversion Courts Dallas County operates several diversion court models that provide intensive supervision and treatment while allowing youth to avoid traditional adjudication. Each targets specific populations and risk factors. If your child is facing charges in Dallas County, call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation to discuss which program might be right for their situation. What Our Dallas Juvenile Lawyer Does The placement your child receives depends heavily on how their case is presented at intake and in court. At Varghese Summersett, our juvenile defense practice is led by Lisa Herrick, a Board Certified Juvenile Law attorney by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Board certification requires attorneys to demonstrate substantial experience, pass a rigorous examination, and maintain ongoing specialized education in their field. Fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys hold any board certification, and juvenile law specialists are even rarer. This level of expertise matters in juvenile court. Lisa Herrick understands the nuances of the Dallas County system, knows which programs best fit different situations, and has established relationships with prosecutors, probation officers, and judges across North Texas juvenile courts. Her focus on juvenile defense means families get an attorney who handles these cases every day, not someone dabbling in juvenile matters between adult criminal cases. In... > Board-certified Dallas County juvenile defense lawyer Lisa Herrick defends minors facing charges in Dallas County. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-11 - Modified: 2026-01-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-juvenile-defense-lawyer/ If your child has been accused of a crime in Dallas County, their future hangs in the balance. The juvenile justice system moves fast, and the decisions made in the coming days could affect your child for years. At Varghese Summersett, Lisa Herrick, a board-certified juvenile law specialist, has dedicated her career to protecting minors facing serious allegations throughout the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Dallas County Juvenile defense lawyer Lisa Herrick is one of only a handful of attorneys in Texas who holds board certification in juvenile law from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. This credential means she has met rigorous standards of experience, education, and peer review in this highly specialized field. When your child's freedom and future are at stake, board certification matters. Why Board Certification in Juvenile Law Matters The Texas juvenile justice system operates under completely different rules than adult criminal courts. The terminology is different. The procedures are different. The potential outcomes are different. Most criminal defense attorneys rarely step foot in juvenile court, and this lack of experience can have devastating consequences for young clients. Board certification in juvenile law requires an attorney to demonstrate substantial experience handling juvenile cases, pass a rigorous examination, and maintain ongoing education in juvenile-specific issues. Lisa Herrick earned this distinction because juvenile defense is not a side practice for her. It is her primary focus. Juvenile cases processed through Dallas County are heard at the Henry Wade Juvenile Justice Center on Stemmons Freeway. This facility houses the Dallas County Juvenile Court, detention services, and probation offices. Lisa Herrick knows this courthouse, knows the prosecutors who work there, and knows how to position cases for the best possible outcomes. How the Texas Juvenile System Differs From Adult Court Under Texas Family Code § 51. 02, a child is defined as a person who is ten years of age or older and under seventeen years of age. The juvenile system is designed with rehabilitation in mind rather than punishment. However, this does not mean the consequences are light. Juveniles can be placed on probation, sent to residential facilities, or in serious cases, committed to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) for years. The juvenile intake process begins when a young person is referred to the juvenile probation department, typically by law enforcement. From there, a probation officer decides whether to handle the matter informally, refer it for prosecution, or recommend detention. Having an experienced juvenile defense attorney involved from the earliest stage can dramatically change the trajectory of a case. If you've just learned your child is under investigation or has been taken into custody, don't wait. Protect your child's rights and their record by calling our Dallas office for a free consultation at (214) 903-4000. Juvenile Charges Lisa Herrick Handles in Dallas County Lisa Herrick defends minors accused of offenses ranging from school-related incidents to serious felonies. Her practice covers the full spectrum of juvenile allegations, including assault, theft and shoplifting, drug possession, weapons offenses, property crimes, robbery and... > Charged with DWI in Southlake? Our Southlake DWI attorneys have reduced and dismissed hundreds of DWI cases. Free consultation: (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-11 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-dwi-lawyer/ A DWI arrest in Southlake can happen to anyone. Maybe you had dinner at Del Frisco's Grille, met friends for drinks at Moxy's, or enjoyed happy hour at Whiskey Cake before heading home. One moment you're driving through Town Square, and the next you're seeing flashing lights in your rearview mirror. What happens next can affect your career, your driving privileges, and your future for years to come. Varghese Summersett has defended thousands of DWI cases across Texas, and we understand what's at stake for Southlake residents. Anna Summersett, Benson Varghese, and Letty Martinez are Board Certified Criminal Specialists. A conviction doesn't just mean fines and possible jail time. It can threaten professional licenses, damage your reputation in this close-knit community, and create obstacles you never anticipated. Our Southlake DWI lawyers have the experience and resources to fight for the best possible outcome in your case. Where DWI Arrests Happen in Southlake Southlake is home to some of the most popular restaurants and bars in the DFW Metroplex. The vibrant dining and nightlife scene at Southlake Town Square draws residents and visitors throughout the week, particularly on weekends. Establishments like Brix & Ale, Mi Cocina, Truluck's, True Food Kitchen, The Capital Grille, and Taverna Rossa are regularly packed with patrons enjoying food and drinks. Beyond Town Square, popular spots like The Beehive, Moxie's Grill & Bar, and various restaurants along State Highway 114 and Southlake Boulevard see steady traffic. Southlake Police Department actively patrols these areas, particularly on Friday and Saturday nights, looking for signs of impaired driving. Common patrol areas include: State Highway 114 and surrounding exits Southlake Boulevard (FM 1709) Carroll Avenue near Town Square White Chapel Boulevard Davis Boulevard If you've been stopped after leaving any of these areas, the decisions you make in the next few hours matter enormously. Call a DWI lawyer before answering questions or submitting to testing beyond what's legally required. Protect your rights and your record. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. What DWI Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, a person commits the offense of driving while intoxicated if they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Texas law defines intoxication in two ways: having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08% or more, or not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or a combination of substances. This means you can be charged with DWI even if your BAC is below 0. 08% if the officer believes your driving or behavior shows impairment. It also means prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, and even legal substances can result in DWI charges if they affect your ability to drive safely. Enhanced DWI Charges Not all DWI charges are the same. Texas law provides for enhanced charges and penalties based on specific circumstances: DWI with BAC of 0. 15 or Higher: Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04(d), a first DWI with a BAC of 0. 15% or... - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/felony-dwi/ A felony DWI in Dallas can result in prison time, massive fines, and permanent consequences that follow you for life. If you've been charged with a third DWI, DWI with a child passenger, or another felony-level intoxication offense in Dallas County, you're facing some of the most serious charges Texas prosecutors pursue. The stakes couldn't be higher. A felony conviction means the possibility of years in a Texas Department of Criminal Justice facility, loss of your right to vote and own firearms, and a criminal record that will affect employment, housing, and professional licensing for decades. You need a Dallas DWI lawyer who has successfully defended clients against these exact charges. When Does DWI Become a Felony in Texas? Most first and second DWI offenses are misdemeanors in Texas. But several circumstances can elevate a DWI charge to felony status, dramatically increasing the potential punishment. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09, a DWI becomes a third-degree felony when you have two or more prior DWI convictions. It doesn't matter if those convictions occurred 20 years ago or in another state. Prosecutors can still use them to enhance your current charge. Beyond repeat offenses, Texas law creates several other pathways to felony DWI charges: DWI with a child passenger (passenger under 15 years old) is a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045 Intoxication assault (causing serious bodily injury while intoxicated) is a third-degree felony Intoxication manslaughter (causing death while intoxicated) is a second-degree felony DWI with a deadly weapon finding can result in enhanced penalties and parole restrictions If you're facing any felony-level intoxication charge in Dallas County, you need to understand exactly what you're up against and what options may be available for your defense. Penalties for Felony DWI in Dallas Felony DWI penalties in Texas are severe and life-altering. The punishment depends on the specific charge and your criminal history. Third-Degree Felony DWI (Third Offense or More) A third DWI conviction carries a punishment range of 2 to 10 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. You'll also face a fine of up to $10,000 and driver's license suspension of up to 2 years. Probation may be available in some cases, but you'll be required to serve at least 10 days in jail as a condition. State Jail Felony DWI (With Child Passenger) DWI with a child passenger is punishable by 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility, a fine up to $10,000, and automatic license suspension. Additional consequences include potential involvement from Child Protective Services and possible enhanced charges if the child suffered any injury. Intoxication Assault Intoxication assault is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000. If the victim is a firefighter, emergency medical personnel, or peace officer performing official duties, the offense is elevated to a second-degree felony (2 to 20 years). Intoxication Manslaughter Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony... > Injured at a Dallas factory, warehouse, or plant? Our Dallas industrial accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation for workplace injuries. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-01-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-industrial-accident-lawyer/ If you've been hurt in an industrial accident in Dallas, you may be entitled to substantial compensation beyond workers' compensation. Our industrial accident lawyers handle serious workplace injury claims involving manufacturing facilities, warehouses, plants, refineries, and construction sites across Dallas County. Industrial accidents often cause life-changing injuries. You may be facing mounting medical bills, lost income, and uncertainty about your future. The stress is real, and the stakes are high. Why Industrial Accidents Are Different from Typical Workplace Injuries Most workplace injuries are covered only by workers' compensation, which limits your ability to sue your employer. However, industrial accidents frequently involve third parties like equipment manufacturers, contractors, or subcontractors. When someone other than your employer causes your injury, you can file a personal injury lawsuit for full compensation. This distinction matters. Workers' compensation covers medical bills and a portion of lost wages, but it doesn't compensate you for pain and suffering or punitive damages. A third-party claim allows you to recover all damages you've suffered. Common third parties in industrial accident cases include: Equipment manufacturers who sold defective machinery Maintenance companies that failed to inspect or repair equipment Contractors or subcontractors who violated safety protocols Property owners who maintained unsafe premises Delivery drivers or transportation companies Common Types of Industrial Accidents in Dallas Industrial facilities present unique hazards. Dallas is home to numerous manufacturing plants, warehouses, distribution centers, and industrial sites. The types of accidents we see most frequently include: Machine and Equipment Accidents. Forklifts, conveyor belts, presses, and other heavy machinery can cause catastrophic injuries when they malfunction or operators receive inadequate training. Crush injuries, amputations, and severe lacerations are common. Falls from Heights. Workers on scaffolding, ladders, platforms, or elevated work areas face serious fall risks. A fall from even 10 feet can result in broken bones, spinal injuries, or traumatic brain injuries. Struck-By Accidents. Falling objects, swinging equipment, or moving vehicles strike workers regularly in industrial settings. These accidents often involve cranes, overhead materials, or vehicles backing up without proper spotters. Chemical Exposure. Toxic chemicals, fumes, and hazardous materials can cause respiratory damage, burns, or long-term health complications. Some exposures lead to cancer or other diseases that don't manifest until years later. Explosions and Fires. Industrial facilities handling flammable materials, pressurized equipment, or electrical systems face explosion risks. These accidents cause severe burns, scarring, and sometimes fatal injuries. Electrocution. Contact with live wires, faulty equipment, or improper grounding can result in severe electrical burns, cardiac arrest, or death. Types of Compensation Available in Industrial Accident Cases When you file a personal injury claim (not just workers' compensation), you can seek compensation for the full impact of your injuries: Medical Expenses. This includes emergency room treatment, surgeries, hospital stays, physical therapy, medications, medical equipment, and future medical care. If your injuries require ongoing treatment or long-term care, those costs are included. Lost Wages and Lost Earning Capacity. You can recover income you've already lost due to missed work. If your injuries prevent you from returning to your previous... > Hit by a drunk driver in Dallas? Our Dallas drunk driving accident lawyers pursue maximum compensation. Call 214-903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-drunk-driving-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a drunk driver in Dallas, you may be left dealing with medical bills, lost income, and lasting pain — all because of someone else’s reckless choice. Insurance companies often rush victims to settle quickly and for far less than they deserve. You need someone who knows how to push back and hold drunk drivers fully accountable for the harm they caused. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas personal injury team has recovered millions for clients injured by negligence. We handle every aspect of your claim while you focus on healing. Can I Sue a Drunk Driver Who Hit Me in Dallas? Yes. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 41. 001, you can pursue both compensatory damages (economic and non-economic) and potentially punitive damages when a drunk driver injures you. Texas law allows punitive damages specifically in cases involving intoxication, giving you the right to hold the driver financially accountable beyond just covering your losses. You don't need to wait for the criminal case against the drunk driver to resolve. Your civil case moves independently. Even if criminal charges are dropped or reduced, you can still recover compensation for your injuries. What Compensation Can I Get After a Dallas Drunk Driving Accident? Texas law allows you to recover three categories of damages after a drunk driving accident. Economic Damages These are your financial losses with receipts and documentation. Medical expenses from the emergency room through ongoing treatment. Lost wages if you missed work recovering from injuries. Property damage to repair or replace your vehicle. Future medical costs if you need additional surgeries or long-term care. Lost earning capacity if your injuries prevent you from returning to your previous job or working at full capacity. Non-Economic Damages Pain and suffering covers physical discomfort and emotional distress from the accident and your injuries. Mental anguish addresses anxiety, depression, or PTSD that develops after being hit by a drunk driver. Disfigurement and scarring compensate for permanent visible injuries. Loss of enjoyment of life applies when injuries prevent you from activities you previously enjoyed. Punitive Damages Under Section 41. 003, Texas allows punitive damages when the defendant acted with malice or gross negligence. Drunk driving typically qualifies because getting behind the wheel intoxicated shows conscious disregard for the safety of others. These damages punish the drunk driver and deter similar conduct. The jury decides the amount based on the severity of the driver's conduct and their financial resources. How Much Is My Dallas Drunk Driving Accident Case Worth? The value depends on the severity of your injuries, the strength of evidence against the drunk driver, and the available insurance coverage. Injury Severity Catastrophic injuries that require extensive medical treatment or cause permanent disability carry higher values than minor injuries. Traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, severe fractures, and internal organ damage typically result in six-figure or seven-figure settlements. Soft tissue injuries and minor fractures may settle for less but still provide significant compensation when properly documented. Available Insurance Texas... > Toxic exposure from contaminated soil, water, or air can cause serious health problems. Our Dallas environmental contamination lawyers fight for you. - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-01-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-environmental-contamination-lawyer/ If you've been exposed to toxic chemicals, contaminated soil, polluted groundwater, or hazardous air pollutants in Dallas, you face serious health risks that could affect you for years. Environmental contamination can cause cancer, respiratory disease, neurological damage, and other life-threatening conditions. You deserve compensation for your medical bills, lost income, and suffering. Varghese Summersett's Dallas environmental contamination lawyers have recovered millions for clients harmed by negligence. We hold polluters accountable. What Types of Environmental Contamination Cases Do We Handle? Environmental contamination takes many forms. In Dallas and throughout North Texas, we represent clients harmed by exposure to toxic substances in their homes, workplaces, and communities. Common sources of environmental contamination include groundwater pollution from industrial facilities, soil contamination from illegal dumping, air pollution from manufacturing plants, lead paint in older buildings, asbestos in homes and workplaces, chemical spills and leaks, pesticide exposure in agricultural areas, and toxic mold from water damage. These exposures don't just cause immediate injuries. Many toxic substances cause cancer, respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, reproductive harm, and developmental problems in children that emerge years after the initial exposure. https://youtu. be/g8IESS86PEM? list=PLwKVUzTK6028Bco6q5mYt0MKLSqUjKWyk Texas Law on Environmental Contamination and Toxic Exposure Under Texas law, property owners and businesses have a duty to prevent harmful contamination and warn about existing hazards. When they fail to meet this duty and someone gets hurt, they can be held liable for damages. Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 16. 003 gives victims two years from the date of injury to file a personal injury claim for toxic exposure. However, because many health effects don't appear immediately, Texas applies the "discovery rule. " This means the two-year deadline starts when you discover (or reasonably should have discovered) the injury and its connection to the toxic exposure. Texas also recognizes claims under the Solid Waste Disposal Act (Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 361), which regulates the disposal of hazardous waste, and the Texas Water Code, which protects water quality and imposes liability for pollution. The Texas Natural Resources Code § 91. 101 addresses liability for oil and gas operations that contaminate soil or groundwater. Companies operating wells, pipelines, and storage facilities must follow strict safety standards. When they cut corners and contamination occurs, they're responsible for cleanup costs and personal injuries. Who Can Be Held Liable for Environmental Contamination? Multiple parties can be responsible for environmental contamination injuries. The key question is who knew or should have known about the hazard and failed to prevent harm. Potentially liable parties include property owners who fail to disclose or remediate contamination, industrial facilities that release toxins into soil, water, or air, manufacturers of toxic products, contractors who disturb contaminated materials during construction, landlords who expose tenants to lead paint or asbestos, and government entities that fail to enforce environmental regulations. Texas follows proportionate responsibility rules under Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001. This means each responsible party pays their share of damages based on their percentage of fault. If a manufacturer dumped chemicals... > Charged with shoplifting in Dallas? Our defense attorneys have secured 1,600+ dismissals. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/shoplifting/ If you've been arrested for shoplifting in Dallas, you're facing more than a fine or embarrassment. A theft conviction creates a permanent criminal record that shows up on background checks for years. Employers, landlords, and professional licensing boards routinely deny applicants with theft on their record because it raises questions about honesty and trustworthiness. The good news is that shoplifting charges can often be reduced or dismissed entirely with the right defense strategy. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions for clients across Texas. We understand what's at stake and know how to protect your future. What Counts as Shoplifting Under Texas Law? Texas doesn't have a separate "shoplifting" statute. Instead, shoplifting is prosecuted under the state's general theft laws found in Texas Penal Code § 31. 03. Under this statute, a person commits theft when they unlawfully appropriate property with the intent to deprive the owner of that property. In retail settings, this includes concealing merchandise, removing price tags, switching labels to pay less than the actual price, and walking out without paying. Loss prevention officers and store security are trained to watch for these behaviors and often detain suspected shoplifters until police arrive. Many people don't realize that simply concealing an item can be enough for an arrest, even if you haven't left the store. Texas law also makes it illegal to possess devices used to remove security tags or sensors. Under Texas Penal Code § 31. 15, possessing tools designed to commit retail theft is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail. Common Questions After a Shoplifting Arrest When clients call our office after a Dallas theft arrest, they typically have the same concerns. Will I go to jail? Can I lose my job? Will this be on my record forever? The answers depend on several factors, including the value of the merchandise, your criminal history, and whether you take immediate action to build a defense. Many first-time offenders qualify for diversion programs that can keep a conviction off your record entirely. Dallas County diversion programs allow eligible defendants to complete community service, theft education classes, and other requirements in exchange for having their case dismissed. But these programs aren't automatic. You need an attorney who knows how to get you into the right program and guide you through the process. Penalties for Shoplifting in Dallas The punishment for shoplifting in Texas is based primarily on the value of the stolen merchandise. Texas law establishes several thresholds that determine whether you face a misdemeanor or felony charge. Under $100: Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a fine up to $500 (no jail time for a first offense) $100 to $750: Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in county jail and fines up to $2,000 $750 to $2,500: Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in county jail and fines up to $4,000 $2,500 to $30,000: State jail... > Injured by a dog in Dallas? Our experienced Dallas dog bite lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-07 - Modified: 2026-07-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dog-bite-lawyer/ If a dog attacked you or someone you love in Dallas, you may be facing medical bills, lost wages, permanent scarring, and emotional trauma. Texas law allows you to hold dog owners accountable when their pets cause harm, and you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries, pain, and suffering. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas personal injury lawyers have helped injured Texans recover millions in damages from injuries suffered through no fault of their own. We understand the physical and emotional toll of a dog attack, and we fight to get you every dollar you deserve. What Kind of Compensation Can I Get After a Dog Bite? Dog bite victims in Dallas can pursue several types of damages. The value of your claim depends on the severity of your injuries, the circumstances of the attack, and how the bite has affected your life. Medical expenses are usually the first category. This includes emergency room visits, surgeries, wound care, physical therapy, counseling for trauma, and any future medical treatment you'll need. If the bite caused permanent scarring or disfigurement, reconstructive surgery costs can be substantial. Lost income is another key component. If your injuries kept you out of work or limited your ability to earn money, you can seek compensation for both past and future lost wages. This is especially important if the attack left you with disabilities that affect your career long-term. Pain and suffering damages cover the physical pain, emotional distress, anxiety, and diminished quality of life caused by the attack. For children or adults who develop a lasting fear of dogs, or who suffer from post-traumatic stress after a severe mauling, these damages can be significant. In some cases, you may also recover compensation for property damage, such as torn clothing or damaged personal items, and for disfigurement or permanent impairment. Texas law does not cap damages in most personal injury cases, which means there's no artificial limit on what you can recover if your injuries warrant it. How Liability Works in Texas Dog Bite Cases Texas does not have a strict liability dog bite statute like some other states. Instead, dog bite claims in Texas are governed by negligence law and what's known as the "one bite rule. " Under the one bite rule, a dog owner can be held liable if they knew or should have known their dog had dangerous tendencies. This means if the dog has bitten someone before, displayed aggressive behavior, or the owner was aware the animal posed a risk, the owner can be held responsible for injuries the dog causes. You can also pursue a claim based on negligence. If the owner failed to control their dog, violated a leash law, or was otherwise careless in handling the animal, they may be liable even if the dog had never bitten anyone before. For example, if an owner lets their large, untrained dog run loose in a public park and it knocks someone down and bites them, that's negligence. Texas law... > Dallas dram shop lawyer holding bars and restaurants accountable for over-serving. Free consultation. Proven results in alcohol liability cases. Call now. - Published: 2026-01-07 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dram-shop-lawyer/ When a bar, restaurant, or store serves alcohol to someone who is already intoxicated and that person causes an accident, the establishment can be held legally responsible. In Dallas, these cases are governed by Texas dram shop laws, which allow injured victims to pursue compensation from both the drunk driver and the business that enabled the harm. The fear is real: someone you love was hurt or killed, and the drunk driver doesn't have enough insurance to cover your losses. The business that kept pouring drinks shares the blame, but proving they knew the person was intoxicated is complicated. You're facing medical bills, lost wages, and trauma while insurance companies for both the driver and the establishment circle the wagons. Varghese Summersett has secured millions in compensation for victims of negligence in Dallas and across Texas. Our attorneys know how to investigate bars and restaurants, obtain surveillance footage, interview witnesses, and build cases that hold establishments accountable under Texas law. Call (214) 903-4000 to schedule a free consultation with a Dallas dram shop lawyer. What Is a Dram Shop Case? A dram shop case is a civil lawsuit brought against a business that sells or serves alcohol. Under Texas law, bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and even convenience stores can be held liable if they serve alcohol to someone who is obviously intoxicated and that person later causes an accident resulting in injury or death. These cases are named after old English laws that sold gin by the "dram," a small unit of measurement. Today, the term refers to any business with a liquor license. In Texas, dram shop claims are governed by the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code § 2. 02, which creates liability for providers who serve alcohol to intoxicated individuals. Unlike most personal injury cases where only the at-fault driver is sued, dram shop cases add another defendant: the establishment. This can significantly increase the amount of compensation available because businesses typically carry commercial insurance policies with much higher limits than personal auto policies. When Can You Sue a Bar or Restaurant in Dallas? You can bring a dram shop claim in Dallas if you can prove the establishment served alcohol to someone who was obviously intoxicated, and that intoxication was a proximate cause of your injuries. The law focuses on two critical points: whether the person was obviously intoxicated at the time of service, and whether the business knew or should have known about it. Obvious intoxication means signs that would be apparent to a reasonable person, such as slurred speech, difficulty walking, bloodshot eyes, aggressive behavior, or passing out. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 2. 03, you must show the establishment provided alcohol "when it was apparent to the provider that the individual was obviously intoxicated to the extent that he presented a clear danger to himself and others. " Common scenarios include bars continuing to serve visibly drunk patrons, restaurants ignoring signs of intoxication because the customer is spending money, or convenience stores selling... > Eligible to seal your DWI in Dallas? Learn about Texas nondisclosure laws, waiting periods, and how to protect your record. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-07 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/dwi-nondisclosure/ Can You Seal a DWI Record in Dallas? Yes, under certain circumstances you may be able to seal your first DWI record in Dallas County through a court order called a nondisclosure. If you received deferred adjudication for your DWI and successfully completed all the terms, Texas law allows you to petition the court to seal your record from public view. This process can help you move forward without a DWI arrest and charge haunting your job applications, housing searches, and professional licensing. A DWI on your record can close doors for years. Employers run background checks. Landlords screen tenants. Professional licensing boards scrutinize applicants. Even if your case ended favorably with deferred adjudication, that arrest record remains visible to anyone who looks. A nondisclosure changes that. It orders government agencies to seal your record from most private entities while still keeping it accessible to law enforcement and certain licensing boards. What Is a DWI Nondisclosure in Texas? A nondisclosure is a court order that seals certain criminal records from public access. Under Texas Government Code Chapter 411, people who successfully complete deferred adjudication probation for qualifying offenses can petition the court to seal their records. Once granted, the arrest and case information becomes hidden from most background checks conducted by employers, landlords, and the general public. For DWI cases specifically, Texas created special nondisclosure provisions in 2017. Before that change, DWI offenses were not eligible for nondisclosure at all. Now, first-time DWI offenders who meet strict requirements can petition to seal their records, though the waiting periods and restrictions are more demanding than for other offenses. The key word is "seal," not "destroy. " Your record still exists. Law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and certain government entities can still access it. Some professional licensing boards can also see sealed records. But for most practical purposes, including job applications and housing searches, a sealed record will not appear. Who Qualifies for DWI Nondisclosure in Dallas? Texas law sets specific requirements for DWI nondisclosure eligibility. You must meet all of them to qualify. First, you must have received deferred adjudication for your DWI. This is different from a conviction followed by probation. With deferred adjudication, the judge does not enter a finding of guilt. Instead, the judge defers that finding while you complete probation. If you finish probation successfully, the case is dismissed. If you were convicted of DWI (even if you received probation), you are not eligible for nondisclosure. Second, your DWI must have been a first offense. If you have any prior DWI convictions or prior deferred adjudications for DWI, you do not qualify. Third, your blood alcohol concentration must have been below 0. 15 at the time of arrest. Texas treats DWI with a BAC of 0. 15 or higher as a Class A misdemeanor with enhanced penalties. If your BAC was at or above that threshold, you cannot seal the record, even if the prosecutor later reduced the charge. Fourth, there cannot have been an accident involving another... > Hit by a commercial truck in Dallas? Our Dallas commercial truck accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-commercial-truck-accident-lawyer/ A commercial truck accident can destroy your finances, your health, and your sense of safety on the road. If you were hit by a semi-truck, delivery truck, or other commercial vehicle in Dallas, you're facing insurance companies with entire legal teams dedicated to paying you as little as possible. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas truck accident lawyers fight back. We've secured millions in compensation for injury victims across Texas. Our team of legal professionals has the resources to take on trucking companies and their insurers. We offer a free consultation to review your case, and you pay nothing unless we win. Call (214) 903-4000 to speak with a Dallas commercial truck accident lawyer today. Why Commercial Truck Accidents Are Different from Car Crashes Commercial truck accidents cause far more serious injuries than typical car crashes. An 18-wheeler can weigh up to 80,000 pounds when fully loaded. That's 20 times heavier than a standard passenger car. When that much mass collides with a smaller vehicle, the results are often catastrophic. These cases also involve more complex legal issues. Multiple parties may share liability. The trucking company, the driver, the cargo loader, the truck manufacturer, or the maintenance provider could all be responsible. Texas law gives you two years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury claim under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 16. 003. Commercial truck accidents require attorneys who understand federal trucking regulations, black box data, driver logs, and how to prove corporate negligence. Insurance companies know this. They hope you'll accept a quick settlement before you realize the full extent of your damages. Common Causes of Dallas Commercial Truck Accidents Most commercial truck accidents are preventable. They happen because someone cut corners, ignored safety regulations, or failed to properly maintain equipment. Driver fatigue is one of the most common causes. Federal law limits truck drivers to 11 hours of driving time within a 14-hour window, but some drivers falsify their logs to make more money. Distracted driving also plays a role. Drivers who check their phones, eat, or adjust GPS devices while driving an 80,000-pound vehicle put everyone at risk. Improper loading causes trucks to tip over or lose cargo on the highway. Inadequate training means drivers don't know how to handle dangerous conditions. Mechanical failures, from brake problems to tire blowouts, often result from poor maintenance. Some trucking companies pressure drivers to meet unrealistic deadlines. They cut maintenance costs to boost profits. They hire inexperienced drivers without proper vetting. When companies prioritize speed and cost savings over safety, innocent people get hurt. Were you injured in a truck accident? Schedule a free consultation with our Dallas team at (214) 903-4000. Injuries From Commercial Truck Crashes Commercial truck accidents produce some of the most severe injuries we see in personal injury law. The force of impact can cause traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, broken bones, internal organ damage, and severe burns. Many victims face permanent disabilities. These injuries require extensive medical treatment.... > Facing assault charges in Harris County? Our Harris County assault lawyer has secured dismissals and reduced charges. Free consultation: (281) 805-2220. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/harris-county-assault-lawyer/ If you've been arrested for assault in Harris County, your future is on the line. A conviction can mean jail time, a permanent criminal record, and lasting damage to your career, reputation, and family relationships. The good news: many assault cases can be dismissed, reduced, or won at trial with the right defense strategy. At Varghese Summersett, our lawyers have helped hundreds of clients facing assault charges throughout Harris County. We know how Harris County prosecutors build these cases, and we know how to challenge them. If you're facing charges, the decisions you make now will shape everything that follows. Why Assault Charges in Harris County Are So Serious Harris County is the largest county in Texas and one of the busiest criminal jurisdictions in the country. Prosecutors handle thousands of assault cases each year, and they take these charges seriously. Even a misdemeanor assault conviction can follow you for life, showing up on background checks and affecting employment, housing, and professional licensing opportunities. Many people don't realize that assault charges often arise from misunderstandings, false accusations, or situations where both parties share responsibility. A heated argument that gets physical, a bar fight, or even defending yourself can lead to an arrest. The person who calls 911 first isn't always the victim, but that's often how police treat the situation. If you've been arrested, you need an attorney who will investigate what actually happened and fight for the truth. What Assault Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, a person commits assault if they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person, threaten someone with imminent bodily injury, or cause physical contact they know or should know the other person will find offensive or provocative. This definition covers a wide range of conduct. You don't have to throw a punch to be charged with assault. Grabbing someone's arm, pushing them, or even spitting on them can result in criminal charges. Threatening to hurt someone can be enough if the threat is credible and immediate. The specific type of assault charge in Texas you face depends on several factors, including whether you caused injury, what relationship you have with the alleged victim, and whether any weapons were involved. Assault by Contact (Class C Misdemeanor) The lowest level assault charge involves offensive or provocative physical contact without injury. This is the same level as a traffic ticket, punishable by a fine up to $500 with no jail time. However, it still creates a criminal record. Assault by Threat (Class C Misdemeanor) Threatening someone with imminent bodily injury is also a Class C misdemeanor. The threat must be immediate and credible. Saying "I'm going to hurt you someday" probably isn't enough, but saying "I'm going to hit you right now" while raising your fist likely is. Assault Bodily Injury (Class A Misdemeanor) Assault causing bodily injury is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and a $4,000 fine. "Bodily injury" means physical... > Daycare abuse can cause lasting harm. Our Dallas daycare abuse lawyers fight for justice and compensation when daycare providers fail to protect your child. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-daycare-abuse-lawyer/ When you trust a daycare with your child's safety, the last thing you expect is for them to be harmed. Daycare abuse and neglect can cause physical injuries, emotional trauma, and long-term developmental problems. If your child was hurt at a Dallas daycare, you have the right to hold the facility accountable. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas personal injury lawyers have the resources and experience to take on daycare facilities, corporate childcare chains, and negligent staff members. We fight to get families the compensation they deserve while protecting other children from similar harm. Schedule a free consultation with our Dallas daycare abuse lawyers. Call (214) 903-4000. What Qualifies as Daycare Abuse in Texas? Daycare abuse includes any intentional harm or neglect that puts a child at risk. Texas law requires daycare facilities to provide a safe environment and supervise children at all times. When they fail to do so, they can be held liable for injuries. Common forms of daycare abuse include physical abuse (hitting, shaking, rough handling), emotional abuse (yelling, humiliation, isolation), sexual abuse, and neglect (failure to supervise, ignoring medical needs, unsafe conditions). Some injuries are obvious, like bruises or broken bones. Others, like emotional trauma or malnutrition, may take longer to surface. Under Texas Human Resources Code § 42. 002, licensed daycare facilities must meet minimum standards for staff training, child-to-staff ratios, and safety protocols. Violations of these standards can support a civil claim for damages. Signs Your Child May Have Been Abused at Daycare Children may not always tell you what happened. Some are too young to verbalize what they experienced. Others may be afraid of getting in trouble or not being believed. Watch for unexplained injuries like bruises, scratches, burns, or marks that appear after daycare. Behavioral changes are also red flags. If your normally happy child suddenly becomes withdrawn, anxious, fearful of certain adults, or refuses to go to daycare, something may be wrong. Other warning signs include regression in behavior (bed-wetting, thumb-sucking), nightmares, aggression toward other children, and inappropriate sexual knowledge or behavior. If your child mentions rough treatment, being locked in a room, or not receiving food or bathroom breaks, take it seriously. Trust your instincts. If something feels off about your child's daycare, investigate further. Request to see incident reports, speak with other parents, and document everything. If you suspect abuse or neglect, get your child to safety immediately. Call (214) 903-4000 to speak with a Dallas daycare abuse lawyer. Types of Compensation Available in Daycare Abuse Cases If your child was injured due to daycare abuse or neglect, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury claim. The damages you recover depend on the severity of the injuries and the impact on your child's life. Medical expenses are the most straightforward category. This includes emergency room visits, hospital stays, therapy (physical, occupational, or psychological), medications, and future medical care if your child needs ongoing treatment. You can also recover for pain and suffering. While children may not express trauma the... > Charged with indecency with a child by contact in Dallas County? Learn about penalties, defenses, and how our attorneys have helped clients get charges dismissed. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/indecency-with-a-child-by-contact/ If you or someone you love has been arrested for indecency with a child by contact in Dallas County, you're facing one of the most serious accusations in the Texas criminal justice system. A conviction carries years in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and permanent damage to your reputation and relationships. But an arrest is not a conviction. With the right defense strategy, charges can be reduced or dismissed entirely. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have decades of combined experience defending clients against sex crime allegations. We understand what's at stake and know how to challenge weak evidence, unreliable accusations, and prosecutorial overreach. If you're under investigation or have already been charged, getting an experienced attorney involved immediately can make the difference between protecting your future and losing everything. What Is Indecency with a Child by Contact Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 11, indecency with a child by contact occurs when a person engages in sexual contact with a child younger than 17 years old, or causes the child to engage in sexual contact. The law defines "sexual contact" as touching any part of the genitals of a child, or touching any part of the child's body with the genitals, with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. This offense is distinct from sexual assault because it does not require penetration. Even touching over clothing can result in charges if prosecutors allege the contact was sexual in nature. The key elements the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt include the defendant's identity, the age of the alleged victim, the nature of the contact, and the intent behind it. Texas law also criminalizes indecency by exposure, which occurs when someone exposes themselves to a child with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. Both forms of indecency are serious felonies, but the "by contact" version carries harsher penalties because it involves physical touching. What Are the Penalties for Indecency with a Child by Contact? Indecency with a child by contact is classified as a second-degree felony under Texas Penal Code § 21. 11(d). This means you're facing: 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (prison) Up to $10,000 in fines Mandatory sex offender registration for a minimum of 10 years (potentially lifetime) A permanent felony record that cannot be expunged or sealed If the victim was under 14 years old or if there are multiple victims, prosecutors may pursue enhanced charges such as continuous sexual assault of a child or aggravated sexual assault of a child. These offenses carry minimum mandatory sentences of 25 years or more. Beyond the criminal penalties, a conviction devastates every area of life. You'll be barred from living near schools, parks, or daycare facilities. Employment opportunities disappear. Child custody arrangements are affected. Relationships with family and friends are permanently altered. This is why building the strongest possible defense from day one is so important. What Happens to Bond in... > A DWI Child Passenger is a state jail felony even if you have no criminal history. Learn how we defend these allegations. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/dwi-child-passenger/ DWI child passenger is one of the most serious drunk driving charges you can face in Texas without injuring or killing someone. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045, driving while intoxicated with anyone under 15 years old in your vehicle is automatically a state jail felony. If you've been arrested in Dallas County, you're facing potential state jail time, steep fines, and a permanent felony record. This charge carries consequences that go far beyond a standard DWI. Because a child was present, prosecutors in Dallas County pursue these cases aggressively. They view them as cases where an adult put a vulnerable person at risk. That prosecutorial mindset shapes everything from bond requests to plea negotiations. At Varghese Summersett, we've defended hundreds of DWI cases across Texas, including charges involving child passengers. We understand the fear you're facing right now, both as a parent and as someone staring down a felony charge. Let us help you understand your options. What Makes DWI with Child Passenger Different from Other DWI Charges? A standard first-time DWI in Texas is a Class B misdemeanor. Add a child passenger under 15, and the charge immediately becomes a state jail felony. That single fact changes everything about how your case is handled, from the courthouse where it's heard to the potential punishment you face. You don't need a prior DWI conviction. You don't need an elevated blood alcohol concentration. The presence of the child alone triggers the enhancement. This means someone with no criminal history whatsoever can find themselves facing their first felony arrest over a single traffic stop. The law doesn't require that the child was actually harmed or that an accident occurred. Prosecutors only need to prove two things: that you were intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle, and that a child under 15 was present in the vehicle at the time. Texas Penal Code § 49. 045: The Legal Definition Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045, a person commits the offense of DWI with a child passenger if they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated with a passenger in the vehicle who is younger than 15 years of age. The statute treats this as a state jail felony regardless of your prior criminal history. Texas law defines intoxication in two ways. First, you're considered intoxicated if you don't have the normal use of your mental or physical faculties because of alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. Second, you're intoxicated if you have a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher. The definition of "child passenger" is straightforward. Any person under 15 years old in your vehicle qualifies. This includes your own children, stepchildren, relatives, or children you're simply giving a ride. Penalties for DWI with Child Passenger in Dallas Because this is a state jail felony, the penalties are substantially more severe than a typical misdemeanor DWI: 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility Fines up to $10,000 Driver's license suspension of... - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-01-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/child-pornography/ Being accused of possessing, distributing, or producing child pornography is one of the most serious criminal allegations you can face. In Dallas, these charges can be prosecuted in either Texas state court or federal court, and both carry severe penalties that can include decades in prison and lifetime sex offender registration. If you or someone you love is under investigation or has been arrested, you need an experienced defense attorney who understands how to fight these cases at both levels. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have decades of combined experience defending clients against child pornography charges in state and federal courts. We know how frightening this situation is, and we're here to protect your rights, your reputation, and your future. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free, confidential consultation with a Dallas child pornography defense attorney. What Constitutes Child Pornography Under Texas Law? Texas defines child pornography broadly to include any visual material that depicts a child younger than 18 years of age engaging in sexual conduct. Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26, this includes photographs, films, videos, digital images, and computer-generated images. The law covers not just physical photographs but also electronic files stored on computers, phones, tablets, and cloud storage accounts. The term "sexual conduct" is defined broadly under Texas law to include actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sadomasochistic abuse, and lewd exhibition of the genitals. Images that might seem ambiguous to a layperson can still result in criminal charges if prosecutors believe they meet this definition. State vs. Federal Child Pornography Charges One of the most important things to understand about child pornography cases is that they can be prosecuted at either the state or federal level, and sometimes both. The jurisdiction that handles your case will significantly impact your potential penalties and the strategies available for your defense. When Cases Are Prosecuted in Texas State Court Texas state courts typically handle cases involving possession of child pornography when the images were found on a single device with no evidence of interstate transmission. State prosecutors in Dallas County pursue these cases aggressively, and convictions carry serious consequences including prison time and mandatory sex offender registration. Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26, the penalties for possession depend on the number of images involved. Possessing fewer than 10 visual depictions is a third-degree felony. Possessing 10 to 49 images is a second-degree felony. Possessing 50 or more images, or any video depicting child sexual conduct, is a first-degree felony punishable by up to life in prison. When Cases Are Prosecuted in Federal Court Federal prosecutors get involved when child pornography crosses state lines, is transmitted over the internet, or involves particularly large collections of material. Because the internet is inherently interstate commerce, most cases involving online activity can be prosecuted federally. Understanding the differences between state and federal prosecution is essential when building your defense strategy. Federal child pornography charges are prosecuted under 18 U. S. C. § 2252... > Catastrophic injuries change lives forever. Our Dallas catastrophic injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-06 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-catastrophic-injury-lawyer/ A catastrophic injury changes everything. In a single moment, the life you knew can be replaced with permanent disability, ongoing medical care, and financial devastation. If you or someone you love suffered a catastrophic injury in Dallas because of someone else's negligence, you need a law firm with the resources and experience to fight for every dollar you deserve. Varghese Summersett's Dallas personal injury team has secured significant compensation for victims of catastrophic injuries across Texas. We understand that these cases involve not just immediate medical bills, but lifetime care costs, lost earning capacity, and pain that no amount of money can truly fix. Our job is to make sure insurance companies don't minimize what happened to you. Call (214) 903-4000 today to speak with a Dallas catastrophic injury lawyer. What Makes an Injury "Catastrophic"? Texas law doesn't provide a precise legal definition of a catastrophic injury. But courts and insurance companies generally recognize that certain injuries result in permanent, life-altering consequences that prevent victims from working, living independently, or enjoying the same quality of life they had before the accident. Catastrophic injuries typically include traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord injuries resulting in paralysis, severe burns covering large portions of the body, amputations, and injuries that cause permanent organ damage or loss of function. What sets these injuries apart is permanence. While a broken bone heals in weeks or months, catastrophic injuries require years of treatment, rehabilitation, and ongoing care. Many victims never fully recover. Common Types of Catastrophic Injuries in Dallas Dallas sees catastrophic injuries from vehicle crashes on I-35E, I-30, and the Dallas North Tollway, construction accidents at commercial building sites, workplace incidents at industrial facilities, and premises liability accidents at businesses throughout the metro area. The most common catastrophic injuries we handle include: Traumatic Brain Injuries A severe blow to the head can cause bleeding, swelling, or permanent damage to brain tissue. Symptoms range from memory loss and difficulty concentrating to personality changes and loss of motor function. Many TBI victims require round-the-clock care for the rest of their lives. These cases often involve neurologists, neuropsychologists, and life care planners to document the full extent of cognitive and physical impairment. Spinal Cord Injuries and Paralysis Damage to the spinal cord can result in partial or complete paralysis below the injury site. Paraplegics lose function in their legs and lower body. Quadriplegics lose function in all four limbs and often require ventilators to breathe. The lifetime costs of caring for someone with a spinal cord injury can exceed $5 million, according to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. Severe Burns Third-degree burns destroy all layers of skin and often damage muscle, bone, and nerves. Victims require skin grafts, multiple surgeries, and extensive physical therapy. Burn scars can cause permanent disfigurement and limited mobility. Psychological trauma is common as victims cope with changes to their appearance and ability to function. Amputations Loss of a limb affects every aspect of daily life. Victims must learn to use prosthetics, modify... > Dallas brain injury lawyer helping TBI victims recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and lifelong care. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-brain-injury-lawyer/ A traumatic brain injury can derail your entire life in seconds. You're facing mounting medical bills, lost income, and uncertainty about whether you'll ever fully recover. The at-fault party's insurance company is already working to minimize what they pay you, and you need someone in your corner who understands what's at stake. Varghese Summersett represents brain injury victims throughout Dallas and the surrounding areas. Our Dallas brain injury lawyers understand the unique challenges TBI victims face, from securing proper medical documentation to proving long-term damages that may not be immediately visible. Types of Brain Injuries We Handle Brain injuries range in severity. Some victims recover within weeks, while others face permanent disability. The type and severity of your injury determine the medical treatment you'll need and the compensation you're entitled to recover. Concussions are the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Even a mild concussion can cause headaches, dizziness, memory problems, and difficulty concentrating that last for months. Insurance companies often dismiss concussions as minor injuries, but the medical research shows that repeated concussions can lead to permanent brain damage. Contusions are bruises on the brain tissue itself. Large contusions may require surgery to remove, and they can cause lasting cognitive impairment depending on which part of the brain is affected. Diffuse axonal injuries occur when the brain shifts inside the skull during a violent impact. The twisting and shearing forces tear nerve fibers throughout the brain. These injuries often result in coma or persistent vegetative states. Penetrating injuries happen when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. These catastrophic injuries typically require immediate surgery and extended rehabilitation. Secondary brain injuries develop hours or days after the initial trauma. Swelling, bleeding, or lack of oxygen can cause additional damage to already-injured brain tissue. Quick medical intervention is critical to prevent secondary injuries from worsening. How Brain Injuries Happen in Dallas Motor vehicle accidents cause more traumatic brain injuries than any other single event. When your head strikes the dashboard, windshield, or side window during a collision, the impact can cause severe brain trauma even if you're wearing a seatbelt. Rear-end collisions on Interstate 30 or Central Expressway often cause whiplash injuries that result in concussions. Motorcycle accidents frequently result in severe head trauma. Texas law doesn't require motorcycle helmets for riders over 21 who carry proper insurance, but an unprotected head striking the pavement at highway speeds causes devastating injuries. Slip and fall accidents at Dallas businesses, apartments, or public properties can result in serious brain injuries when the victim's head strikes the floor or another hard surface. Property owners have a legal duty to maintain safe premises, and they can be held liable when dangerous conditions cause fall injuries. Construction accidents involving falls from heights, falling objects, or scaffold collapses cause numerous brain injuries each year. Dallas construction sites must follow strict safety regulations, and violations that lead to worker injuries can create significant liability. Sports injuries during high school football, soccer, or recreational activities... - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/first-offense-in-fort-bend/ A first offense in Fort Bend County can threaten everything you've worked for: your career, your reputation, and your future opportunities. The good news is that solid strategy and Fort Bend County's diversion programs provide several pathways to protect first-time offenders from the lasting consequences of a conviction. With the right approach, it may be possible to get your case dismissed, reduced, or resolved in a way that keeps your record clean. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Bend criminal defense lawyers have secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We understand the stakes when you're facing your first charge, and we fight aggressively to protect not just your freedom, but your record and your future. Why First Offenses Require a Different Approach When someone has no prior criminal history, prosecutors and judges often have more flexibility in how they handle the case. This creates opportunities that simply don't exist for repeat offenders. A skilled defense attorney can leverage your clean record to negotiate outcomes like pretrial intervention, deferred adjudication, specialty court programs, or outright dismissals. The goal isn't just to avoid jail. For a first-time offender, the goal is to walk away with no conviction on your record. A conviction, even for a misdemeanor, can show up on background checks, affect professional licenses, limit employment opportunities, and create immigration consequences. Protecting your record is just as important as protecting your freedom. Fort Bend County offers several diversion programs specifically designed for first-time offenders, including a general pretrial intervention program, a specialized DWI Court with a pretrial diversion track, and a Misdemeanor Treatment Court for drug-related offenses. Knowing which programs exist and how to qualify for them can make the difference between a dismissal and a conviction that follows you for life. If you're facing your first criminal charge in Fort Bend County, don't wait to get legal help. Schedule a free consultation with our team today. Fort Bend County Diversion Programs for First-Time Offenders Fort Bend County offers several diversion and specialty court options specifically designed to give first-time offenders a second chance. These programs allow eligible defendants to avoid conviction, keep their records clean, and in many cases become eligible for expunction. Understanding which program fits your situation is critical to achieving the best outcome. Pretrial Intervention Program (Fresh Start) Fort Bend County's general Pretrial Intervention program is administered through Community Supervision and Corrections Department (CSCD), with admission offers originating from the District Attorney's Office. This program is available primarily for first-time, non-violent offenders facing a range of misdemeanor and some felony charges. Successful completion avoids a conviction entirely. You won't have formal probation or criminal penalties on your record, and you'll be eligible for expunction (complete record destruction) after dismissal. Typical program conditions include reporting to a supervision officer for up to 24 months, completing counseling or educational classes (such as drug education), passing drug tests, and paying program fees. This is often the best possible outcome for first-time offenders because it results in dismissal... > Here's what you need to know if you are charged with a first DWI offense in Fort Bend and the best defenses to driving while intoxicated. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/first-offense/ A first-time DWI charge in Fort Bend County can derail your life if you don't handle it correctly. You could lose your driver's license, face jail time, and carry a conviction that follows you for years. The good news is that a first DWI offense offers the best opportunity for a favorable outcome when you act quickly and hire the right Fort Bend DWI lawyer. Fort Bend County prosecutors take DWI cases seriously. The county has seen significant growth over the past decade, and law enforcement agencies from Sugar Land to Richmond to Missouri City are aggressive about stopping suspected drunk drivers. But an arrest is not a conviction. Our attorneys have secured dismissals, charge reductions, and deferred adjudication outcomes for first-time DWI clients throughout the Houston area. What Questions Do First-Time DWI Defendants Ask? When someone calls our office after a DWI arrest in Fort Bend County, they usually have the same questions. Will I go to jail? Can I keep my license? Will this show up on background checks? How much will this cost me? These are all valid concerns, and the answers depend on the specific facts of your case. The most pressing question is often about driving. Texas has a separate administrative process through the Texas Department of Public Safety that can suspend your license even before your criminal case is resolved. You have only 15 days from your arrest to request an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) hearing. Miss that deadline, and your license suspension becomes automatic. If you were arrested for DWI in Fort Bend County, schedule a free consultation with our attorneys to understand your options. Call (281) 805-2220 today. What a First DWI Means Under Texas Law Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, a person commits DWI when they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Intoxication means having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08% or higher, or not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. The definition of "operating" a motor vehicle is broader than most people realize. You don't have to be actively driving. This means you could face charges even if police never saw you driving. A standard first DWI in Texas is classified as a Class B misdemeanor. However, if your BAC was 0. 15% or higher, the charge is elevated to a Class A misdemeanor under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04(d). This enhanced charge carries significantly higher penalties and fewer options for keeping the conviction off your record. Penalties for a First DWI in Fort Bend County The potential consequences of a first DWI conviction extend far beyond the courtroom. Here's what you could face: Jail time: 72 hours to 180 days for a standard Class B DWI, or up to one year for a Class A DWI with BAC of 0. 15% or higher Fines: Up to $2,000 for Class B, up to $4,000 for Class A Driver's license... > Suffered burn injuries in Dallas? Our experienced Dallas burn injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-burn-injury-lawyer/ If you or someone you love suffered severe burns in Dallas or the surrounding area, you face months or years of surgeries, skin grafts, and recovery that will cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. The physical pain is excruciating. The emotional trauma is real. And right now, you need answers about who will pay for all of this. Texas law allows burn injury victims to recover full compensation from the parties responsible for their injuries. That includes past and future medical bills, lost income, pain and suffering, and permanent disfigurement. But insurance companies fight these claims hard because burn injury settlements can reach into the millions. Varghese Summersett has recovered significant compensation for catastrophic injury victims across Dallas County. We understand the medical complexities of burn cases, we work with top medical experts, and we're prepared to take your case to trial if necessary. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas burn injury lawyer. How Burn Injuries Happen in Dallas Most severe burn injuries in Dallas happen in workplace accidents, vehicle crashes, and explosions. Construction sites, oil and gas operations, and industrial facilities present constant fire hazards. Electrical burns occur when workers contact live wires or faulty equipment. Chemical burns happen in manufacturing plants and during transportation accidents involving hazardous materials. Vehicle fires cause devastating injuries when fuel tanks rupture or electrical systems malfunction. Apartment fires injure residents when landlords fail to maintain smoke detectors or sprinkler systems. Restaurant burns happen when employees work with defective equipment or in unsafe conditions. Texas premises liability law holds property owners responsible when their negligence causes burn injuries. Product liability law applies when defective products cause fires or explosions. And workers in Dallas can file third-party claims against negligent contractors or equipment manufacturers even if they're receiving workers' compensation. Types of Burn Injuries and Their Medical Impact Burn injuries are classified by depth. First-degree burns damage only the outer skin layer and usually heal without scarring. Second-degree burns penetrate deeper and often require skin grafts. Third-degree burns destroy all skin layers and underlying tissue. Fourth-degree burns reach muscle and bone. Severe burns require immediate treatment at specialized burn centers like Parkland Hospital's burn unit in Dallas. Treatment often includes debridement (removing dead tissue), multiple skin graft surgeries, and months of physical therapy. Burn victims face infection risks, breathing problems from smoke inhalation, and permanent scarring that requires reconstructive surgery. Burn injuries covering more than 20 percent of the body are considered life-threatening. Victims often develop psychological trauma including PTSD, depression, and anxiety about their appearance. Children who suffer facial burns may need multiple reconstructive surgeries as they grow. What Compensation Is Available for Dallas Burn Injury Victims? Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 41. 001, burn injury victims can recover economic and non-economic damages. Economic damages include every medical expense, lost wages, and future cost you'll face. Non-economic damages compensate for pain, suffering, disfigurement, and loss of enjoyment of life. Medical expenses in burn cases typically include... > Injured in a Dallas bus accident? Our Dallas bus accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-bus-accident-lawyer/ A bus accident can leave you with serious injuries, mounting medical bills, and no clear path to compensation. You face a unique challenge: bus companies have teams of lawyers ready to minimize what they pay, and the insurance claims process for commercial vehicles is far more complicated than a typical car accident. Whether you were a passenger, a pedestrian, or in another vehicle, you deserve full compensation for your injuries. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas bus accident lawyers understand how these cases work and how to hold the right parties accountable. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. What Makes Bus Accidents Different from Car Accidents? Bus accidents are not handled like typical car accidents. The vehicles are larger, the companies involved are bigger, and the legal rules are more complex. First, buses are classified as commercial vehicles. That means the driver, the bus company, and often a third-party maintenance contractor can all share liability. Under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 352, commercial vehicle operators must follow stricter safety standards than regular drivers. Second, government entities often own or operate buses. If you were injured on a DART bus, for example, you're dealing with a governmental immunity issue that requires specific notice procedures under the Texas Tort Claims Act. Miss a deadline and you lose your right to sue. Third, bus companies carry commercial insurance policies with much higher limits than personal auto policies. That sounds good, but it also means their insurance companies fight harder to deny or minimize claims. Who Can Be Held Liable in a Dallas Bus Accident? Multiple parties can be responsible for a bus accident. Determining who is at fault is one of the most important steps in your case. The bus driver is the most obvious party. If the driver was speeding, distracted, or violated traffic laws, they can be held liable. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 101. 021, government employees can be held liable if their negligence caused the accident. The bus company may also be responsible. If the company failed to properly train the driver, didn't maintain the vehicle, or pushed drivers to meet unrealistic schedules, the company can be held liable under Texas Transportation Code § 644. 101, which governs motor carrier safety. Maintenance contractors can be liable if a mechanical failure caused the accident. Brake failures, tire blowouts, and steering malfunctions are common in poorly maintained buses. Other drivers may share fault. If another vehicle caused the bus to crash, that driver's insurance company will also be part of the claim. In some cases, a government entity owns the bus. DART buses, school buses, and city transit buses fall into this category. The Texas Tort Claims Act allows you to sue government entities, but you must file a notice of claim within six months of the accident. If you're not sure who to hold accountable, that's where our team comes in. We investigate the accident, review maintenance records, and identify every party that contributed to your injuries.... > Injured on a Dallas construction site? Our Dallas construction accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-construction-accident-lawyer/ Construction accidents in Dallas leave workers and visitors facing serious injuries, mounting medical bills, and lost income. If you were hurt on a construction site, you may have the right to pursue compensation beyond workers' compensation, including claims against property owners, general contractors, or equipment manufacturers. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas construction accident lawyers have represented injured workers across Dallas County in claims involving falls from scaffolding, crane collapses, electrocutions, and other preventable accidents. We offer a free consultation to review your case and explain your legal options. Every construction site has multiple parties who share responsibility for worker safety. When one of them fails to meet that duty, we hold them accountable. Why Construction Sites in Dallas Are So Dangerous Dallas construction sites involve constant movement of heavy machinery, work at dangerous heights, and coordination among multiple contractors. These factors create serious risks for anyone on site. Workers face hazards daily. Scaffolding collapses without warning. Crane operators lose control of loads. Electrical wiring lacks proper grounding. Safety equipment goes uninspected. These failures result in catastrophic injuries that change lives permanently. The rapid pace of Dallas development increases pressure to finish projects quickly. Contractors cut corners on safety protocols. Workers skip required training. Supervisors ignore OSHA regulations. These decisions put everyone on site at risk. Construction zones near busy Dallas streets add another layer of danger. Drivers strike workers in construction zones. Pedestrians wander into active work areas. Debris falls from upper floors onto sidewalks. Property owners fail to secure sites properly. Types of Compensation Available After a Construction Accident Construction accident victims in Dallas can pursue several forms of compensation depending on who was responsible for their injuries and how the accident occurred. Medical expenses form the foundation of most claims. This includes emergency room treatment, surgery, hospitalization, physical therapy, medication, and future medical care. Construction injuries often require extensive treatment that continues for months or years. Lost wages compensate you for income you could not earn while recovering. This includes missed workdays, reduced earning capacity, and loss of future income if your injuries prevent you from returning to your previous job. Construction workers who can no longer perform physical labor face significant financial losses. Pain and suffering addresses the physical pain and emotional distress caused by your injuries. Serious construction accidents cause chronic pain, disability, disfigurement, and psychological trauma that deserve compensation. Future damages account for ongoing medical needs and permanent limitations. If your injuries require lifetime care or prevent you from working in your field, you deserve compensation for these long-term impacts. In cases involving gross negligence or intentional misconduct, courts may award punitive damages to punish the responsible party and deter similar conduct. Talk to a Dallas Construction Accident Lawyer About Your Case Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. Who Can Be Held Liable in a Dallas Construction Accident Construction sites involve multiple parties, and determining liability requires examining the specific circumstances of your accident. Several entities may share responsibility. Under Texas law, property owners... - Published: 2026-01-04 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-drug-lawyer/ If you're facing drug charges in Fort Bend County, you're likely terrified about what comes next. A conviction can mean jail time, thousands in fines, a permanent criminal record, and long-term damage to your career and reputation. The good news is that drug cases are often defensible, and prosecutors don't always have the evidence they think they do. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Bend drug lawyers have helped clients walk away from serious charges. We've secured dismissals, obtained non-suits, and negotiated pre-trial diversion programs that keep convictions off our clients' records. The outcome of your case depends heavily on how quickly you act and who you have fighting for you. Why You Need Our Fort Bend Drug Lawyer Fort Bend County prosecutors pursue drug cases aggressively. Whether you've been charged with simple possession or manufacturing and delivery, you need an attorney who understands how these cases are built and where they fall apart. Law enforcement makes mistakes. Lab results get challenged. Constitutional rights get violated. Our skilled defense attorney knows how to find these weaknesses and exploit them. We've achieved over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in criminal cases throughout Texas. We know Fort Bend County courts, we know the prosecutors, and we know what it takes to protect your future. Talk to a Fort Bend drug lawyer today. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. Types of Drug Charges in Fort Bend County Drug offenses in Texas fall into several categories, each carrying different penalties based on the type of substance, the amount involved, and whether there's evidence of intent to distribute. The most common drug charges our Fort Bend attorneys handle include: Possession of a Controlled Substance: The most common drug charge. Penalties depend on the penalty group classification and the weight of the substance. Even small amounts of certain drugs can result in felony charges. Possession of Marijuana: Texas still treats marijuana possession as a criminal offense. While small amounts (under 2 ounces) are misdemeanors, larger quantities or THC concentrates can be charged as felonies. Manufacturing or Delivery: These charges carry significantly harsher penalties than simple possession. Prosecutors often pursue delivery charges when they find large quantities, scales, baggies, or other evidence suggesting sales. Drug Paraphernalia: Possession of pipes, syringes, or other drug-related items can result in additional charges that complicate your case. Texas Drug Penalty Groups Explained Under the Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 481, controlled substances are classified into penalty groups that determine the severity of charges and punishments. Understanding which group applies to your case is critical. Penalty Group 1 includes the most dangerous substances like cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, and fentanyl. These carry the harshest penalties. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 115, possession of less than one gram is a state jail felony, punishable by 180 days to 2 years in state jail. One to four grams becomes a third-degree felony with 2 to 10 years in prison. Penalty Group 2 includes drugs like MDMA (ecstasy), PCP, and certain... > Dallas 18 wheeler accident lawyer. We fight trucking companies and insurers for maximum compensation. Free consultation: (214) 903-4000 - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-18-wheeler-accident-lawyer/ An 18-wheeler accident can destroy your life in seconds. These massive commercial trucks weigh up to 80,000 pounds and can cause catastrophic injuries or death when they collide with passenger vehicles. If you or someone you love was hurt in a truck accident in Dallas, you need an attorney who knows how to fight trucking companies and their insurers. Varghese Summersett has recovered millions for truck accident victims across Texas. Our Dallas 18 wheeler accident lawyers handle every aspect of your case while you focus on recovery. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. We don't get paid unless you do. Why 18 Wheeler Accidents Are Different Truck accidents are not like car accidents. The stakes are higher, the injuries are worse, and the legal battles are more complex. Commercial trucking cases involve federal regulations, corporate defendants, multiple insurance policies, and teams of defense lawyers who show up within hours of the crash. The trucking company's goal is to minimize what they pay you or deny your claim entirely. You need a lawyer who understands the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations and knows how to investigate trucking companies. These cases require experts in accident reconstruction, trucking operations, and medical treatment. We work with the best in every field. A Dallas 18 wheeler accident lawyer understands these complexities and knows how to build a case that holds trucking companies accountable. https://youtu. be/WekB7knFEyU? list=PLwKVUzTK602_lF90MVay9mx5wMxUVYvyr Common Causes of Dallas 18 Wheeler Accidents Truck accidents happen for many reasons, but most come down to negligence by the driver or the company that employs them. Driver fatigue is one of the leading causes. Federal law limits how many hours truckers can drive, but companies pressure drivers to falsify logbooks and keep driving when they're exhausted. A drowsy driver at the wheel of an 80,000-pound truck is deadly. Other common causes include distracted driving, speeding, improper loading, inadequate training, poor vehicle maintenance, and driving under the influence. Sometimes the truck itself has mechanical defects that make it unsafe. Dallas has several major highways where truck accidents frequently occur. Interstate 35E, Interstate 30, Interstate 20, and the LBJ Freeway (Interstate 635) all see heavy commercial truck traffic. These highways connect to distribution centers and freight hubs throughout the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Get the legal help you deserve. Call (214) 903-4000 to schedule your free consultation. Types of Compensation Available Texas law allows truck accident victims to recover both economic and non-economic damages. Economic damages include medical bills, future medical care, lost wages, lost earning capacity, property damage, and rehabilitation costs. These are the tangible financial losses you can prove with documents and expert testimony. Non-economic damages compensate you for pain and suffering, mental anguish, disfigurement, physical impairment, and loss of enjoyment of life. These damages recognize that some injuries cannot be measured in dollars alone. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 41. 008, a Dallas 18 wheeler accident lawyer may also recover exemplary (punitive) damages if the defendant's conduct involved fraud, malice, or gross negligence.... > Lost a limb? Our Dallas amputation injury lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-amputation-injury-lawyer/ Losing a limb changes everything. One moment you're at work or on the road, and the next you're facing years of surgeries, rehabilitation, and uncertainty about your future. If someone else's negligence cost you a limb in Dallas, you deserve compensation that covers not just your immediate medical bills but the lifetime of care and adaptation ahead. Amputation injuries rank among the most severe personal injury claims in Texas. The physical trauma is only part of the story. You're looking at prosthetics that cost tens of thousands of dollars, home modifications, lost wages, and psychological counseling. Insurance companies know this, which is why they fight these cases hard. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas amputation injury lawyers have secured millions for clients with catastrophic injuries. We understand what's at stake when you lose a limb, we know how to expose the true cost of your injuries, and we don’t back down from powerful corporations, deep-pocketed defendants, or the insurance companies determined to protect their bottom line at your expense. https://youtu. be/g8IESS86PEM? list=PLwKVUzTK602_lF90MVay9mx5wMxUVYvyr What Causes Amputation Injuries in Dallas? Most amputations result from severe trauma that damages tissue beyond repair. In Dallas, we see these injuries most often in: Workplace accidents. Construction sites, manufacturing plants, and industrial facilities use heavy machinery that can crush or sever limbs in seconds. Workers can lose fingers, hands, arms, feet, or legs when equipment malfunctions or safety protocols fail. Car and truck crashes. High-speed collisions on I-35E, I-30, or Loop 12 can result in crushing injuries that require amputation. Commercial truck accidents are especially devastating because of the force involved. Motorcycle accidents. Riders have no protection in a crash. When a car turns left in front of a motorcycle or fails to yield, the rider often suffers leg, foot, or arm injuries severe enough to require amputation. Defective products. Power tools, industrial equipment, and vehicles with faulty design can trap or sever limbs. Manufacturers have a duty to design safe products and warn users of known dangers. Medical malpractice. Surgical errors, delayed diagnosis of infections, or vascular damage during treatment can lead to tissue death and amputation. These cases are complex but can result in significant compensation when negligence is proven. Types of Compensation Available Texas law allows amputation victims to recover several types of damages. The goal is to make you as whole as possible, given what you've lost. Medical expenses. This includes emergency treatment, surgeries, hospital stays, prosthetics, physical therapy, and all future medical care. Prosthetic limbs wear out and must be replaced every few years. Advanced prosthetics can cost $50,000 to $100,000 or more. Your settlement should account for a lifetime of replacements and adjustments. Lost wages and earning capacity. If you can't return to your previous job, you're entitled to compensation for lost income. Our Dallas amputation injury lawyers can enlist vocational experts who calculate what you would have earned over your working life versus what you can now earn. The difference represents your economic loss. Pain and suffering. No dollar amount... - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-dog-bite-lawyer/ If you or your child has been attacked by a dog in Houston, you may be entitled to significant compensation for your medical bills, pain and suffering, and other damages. Texas law holds dog owners responsible when their negligence leads to an attack, and you should not have to bear the financial burden of someone else's failure to control their animal. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston dog bite lawyers understand the physical and emotional trauma that follows an animal attack. We fight aggressively against insurance companies that try to minimize your injuries or deny your claim altogether. With offices across Texas and a team of more than 70 attorneys and legal professionals, we have the resources to take on any case and the experience to win. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation with our Houston dog bite attorney. Common Questions After a Dog Bite in Houston Dog attacks happen suddenly and leave victims with urgent questions about their rights. Here are the answers to the most common concerns we hear from clients: Who Is Liable for a Dog Bite in Texas? In Texas, a dog owner can be held liable for a bite if they knew (or should have known) that their dog had dangerous tendencies, or if they were negligent in controlling their animal. This differs from "strict liability" states where owners are automatically responsible for any bite. To recover compensation, you typically need to prove one of the following: the dog had previously bitten someone or acted aggressively, the owner violated a local leash law or ordinance, or the owner failed to use reasonable care to prevent the attack. What If the Dog Had Never Bitten Anyone Before? Contrary to popular belief, Texas does not give dogs "one free bite. " Even if the dog had never attacked anyone before, the owner can still be held liable if they were negligent. For example, if a dog was running loose in violation of Houston's leash ordinances, or if the owner failed to secure a gate, these failures can establish liability regardless of the dog's prior behavior. Can I Sue a Landlord for a Tenant's Dog Bite? Yes, in certain circumstances. Landlords who know about a dangerous dog on their property and fail to take action can be held liable under premises liability theories. This is especially relevant in apartment complexes where landlords have the authority to restrict or remove dangerous animals. Types of Compensation Available in Houston Dog Bite Cases Dog bite injuries often require extensive medical treatment, and the financial impact can be devastating. Our Houston dog bite lawyers work to recover every dollar you're entitled to, including: Medical Expenses Emergency room visits, surgeries, hospital stays, prescription medications, and ongoing treatment costs. Dog bites frequently cause infections, nerve damage, and scarring that require multiple procedures to address. We pursue compensation for both current and future medical needs. Lost Wages and Earning Capacity If your injuries prevent you from working, you can recover the income you've lost. For... > Dallas aviation accident lawyer helping families after plane crashes. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 for experienced legal representation. - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-aviation-accident-lawyer/ Aviation accidents are among the most devastating types of crashes. If you or a loved one was injured or killed in a plane crash, helicopter accident, or other aviation disaster in Dallas, you need legal representation from attorneys who understand both the complexity of aviation law and the immense suffering these accidents cause. Varghese Summersett has represented families affected by aviation accidents throughout Texas. Our Dallas aviation accident lawyers work with aviation experts, investigators, and engineers to determine what went wrong and who should be held accountable. We fight to secure maximum compensation for medical expenses, lost income, pain and suffering, and wrongful death. Types of Aviation Accidents We Handle Aviation accidents take many forms. We handle the following types of aviation accidents: Commercial airline disasters Private plane crashes Helicopter accidents Charter flight crashes Corporate jet accidents Small aircraft and single-engine planes Cargo plane crashes Air ambulance and medical helicopter accidents Crop duster accidents Aviation training accidents These cases can occur anywhere: at Dallas Love Field, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, or remote areas across North Texas. Regardless of where the accident happened, we investigate thoroughly and pursue every responsible party. If you've been affected by an aviation accident, call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. What Makes Aviation Accident Cases Different Aviation accidents are not like car crashes. These cases involve federal regulations, specialized investigators, and multiple potential defendants. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates most crashes, but their findings are not the final word on liability. Under Texas law, injured parties can file civil lawsuits even while federal investigations are ongoing. Our lawyers work independently to gather evidence, interview witnesses, and consult with experts who can reconstruct what happened. We examine maintenance records, pilot training logs, weather data, and mechanical components to build the strongest possible case. The stakes are enormous. Aviation accidents often result in catastrophic injuries or multiple fatalities. Insurance companies know this and they deploy teams of lawyers to minimize payouts. Without experienced legal representation, families risk settling for far less than their claims are worth. Who Can Be Held Liable After an Aviation Disaster Multiple parties may share responsibility for an aviation accident. Our investigation focuses on identifying everyone whose negligence contributed to the crash. Aircraft Manufacturers and Parts Suppliers If a defective part caused the accident, the manufacturer can be held strictly liable under Texas product liability law. We investigate whether design flaws, manufacturing defects, or inadequate warnings contributed to the crash. This can include engine failures, control system malfunctions, faulty landing gear, or structural failures. Airlines and Aircraft Operators Commercial airlines, charter companies, and corporate flight departments owe passengers a duty of reasonable care. If they fail to properly maintain aircraft, hire qualified pilots, or follow safety protocols, they can be held liable for resulting injuries and deaths. Maintenance Companies Aircraft require regular maintenance and inspections. If a maintenance provider fails to detect problems, performs substandard repairs, or cuts corners to save money, they can be sued for negligence. We examine maintenance... - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-01-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-slip-and-fall-lawyer/ If you slipped and fell on someone else's property in Fort Worth, you may be entitled to compensation for your injuries. Property owners in Texas have a legal duty to keep their premises safe. When they fail, and you get hurt, they can be held responsible. The medical bills add up fast after a fall. You might be missing work. The pain might be constant. Meanwhile, the property owner's insurance company is already building a case against you. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth slip and fall lawyers understand what you're going through, and we know how to fight back. Questions You Might Have After a Slip and Fall After a fall, your mind races. Can I sue? Was this really their fault? Will I have to go to court? These are questions we answer every day for injured clients in Fort Worth and across Tarrant County. The short answer: if a property owner's negligence caused your fall, you have a right to pursue compensation. Texas law protects people who are injured because someone else failed to maintain safe conditions. But proving negligence isn't always simple, and insurance companies will do everything they can to deny or minimize your claim. Talk to a Fort Worth injury lawyer today to understand your options. The consultation is free. What Is Premises Liability in Texas? Slip and fall cases fall under an area of law called premises liability. Under Texas law, property owners owe a duty of care to people who enter their property. The level of duty depends on why you were there. If you were an invitee (a customer, client, or someone invited onto the property for business purposes), the property owner owes you the highest duty of care. They must inspect the property for hazards and either fix them or warn you about them. Most slip and fall cases in Fort Worth involve invitees: shoppers at grocery stores, diners at restaurants, patients at medical offices, or guests at hotels. If you were a licensee (a social guest), the property owner must warn you about known dangers they haven't fixed. If you were a trespasser, the owner generally owes you no duty, though there are exceptions for children and cases involving intentional harm. Common Causes of Slip and Fall Accidents in Fort Worth Slip and fall accidents happen for many reasons. Some of the most common causes we see in Fort Worth include wet or slippery floors without warning signs, uneven sidewalks or parking lots, poor lighting in stairwells or parking garages, torn or bunched carpeting, broken handrails, cluttered walkways, and icy conditions that aren't addressed. Falls can happen anywhere: grocery stores, shopping malls, restaurants, apartment complexes, office buildings, hospitals, and government properties. Fort Worth's mix of older buildings and rapid new construction creates conditions where hazards can easily develop and go unaddressed. Our Fort Worth accident attorneys have handled slip and fall cases against national retailers, local businesses, apartment complexes, and municipalities. We know how to investigate these cases and... > Hit by a car while cycling in Dallas? Our Dallas bicycle accident lawyers fight for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000 today. - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-bicycle-accident-lawyer/ If you were hit by a car while riding a bicycle in Dallas, you can hold the driver financially responsible for your injuries. Texas law allows injured cyclists to recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and future damages. The driver's insurance company will likely try to minimize your claim or deny it entirely, but an experienced bicycle accident lawyer can fight back and protect your rights. Bicycle accidents often result in severe injuries because cyclists have no protection from the force of a vehicle impact. Broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, and road rash are common. These injuries can lead to months of recovery, permanent disability, and overwhelming medical bills. You deserve compensation that reflects the full extent of your losses. Varghese Summersett has recovered millions for injury victims across Texas. Our Dallas bicycle accident attorneys handle every aspect of your claim so you can focus on healing. We investigate the crash, gather evidence, negotiate with insurance companies, and take your case to trial if necessary. We work on a contingency fee basis, which means you pay nothing unless we win. What Makes Bicycle Accidents Different from Car Accidents Bicycle accidents create unique legal challenges that don't exist in typical car crash cases. Cyclists are more vulnerable to serious injury, and insurance companies often use this vulnerability against them. First, insurance adjusters frequently blame the cyclist. They'll claim you swerved into traffic, failed to signal, or weren't wearing a helmet. Texas doesn't require adult cyclists to wear helmets, but insurers will still use the absence of one to argue you contributed to your injuries. Second, bicycle accident cases often involve complex questions about where the cyclist had a legal right to be. Dallas has bike lanes on some streets but not others. Cyclists can use the full lane when necessary, but drivers don't always know or respect this. Your attorney needs to prove the driver violated your right of way or failed to share the road safely. Third, the injuries in bicycle accidents tend to be more severe than in car crashes. A cyclist hit at 30 miles per hour can suffer life-changing injuries that require years of treatment. This means your case is worth more, but it also means the insurance company will fight harder to deny or reduce your claim. Get Clarity About Your Options Today Our Dallas bicycle accident lawyers offer free consultations. Call (214) 903-4000 or contact us online. Common Causes of Dallas Bicycle Accidents Most bicycle accidents in Dallas happen because drivers fail to see cyclists or misjudge their speed and distance. These crashes are almost always preventable. Dooring accidents occur when a driver or passenger opens a car door into the path of an oncoming cyclist. Under Texas law, drivers have a duty to check for cyclists before opening doors. If you were struck by a car door, the person who opened it is liable for your injuries. Right hook accidents happen when a driver turns right across... - Published: 2026-01-02 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/high-net-worth-divorce/ A high net worth divorce in Southlake involves dividing substantial assets, often including business interests, real estate portfolios, retirement accounts, and investments accumulated over years of marriage. Texas is a community property state, which means courts presume that most assets acquired during the marriage belong to both spouses equally. When significant wealth is at stake, the margin for error is slim, and the consequences of a poorly handled divorce can follow you for decades. Southlake is home to successful professionals, business owners, and executives who have worked hard to build their wealth. The affluent neighborhoods surrounding Southlake Town Square, the country clubs, and the custom homes represent more than financial success. They represent your life's work. A divorce attorney who understands complex asset division can help protect what you've built while positioning you for a stable financial future. Schedule a consultation with a Southlake divorce attorney who handles complex financial matters. What Makes a Divorce "High Net Worth"? While there's no official legal threshold, a high net worth divorce generally involves a marital estate valued at $1 million or more. In Southlake and the surrounding areas of Northeast Tarrant County, these cases frequently involve estates worth several million dollars or more. High net worth divorces typically include one or more of the following: Ownership interests in private businesses or professional practices Stock options, restricted stock units, and executive compensation packages Multiple real estate holdings (primary residence, vacation homes, rental properties) Substantial retirement accounts, pensions, and deferred compensation plans Investment portfolios, brokerage accounts, and alternative investments Cryptocurrency holdings and digital assets Collectibles, art, jewelry, and other valuable personal property The complexity of these assets is what sets high net worth divorces apart. A family home can be appraised in an afternoon. A privately held business might require months of forensic analysis to value accurately. How Texas Law Divides Property in Divorce Under Texas Family Code § 7. 001, courts must divide the community estate in a manner that is "just and right. " This does not mean an automatic 50/50 split. Judges have considerable discretion to award a disproportionate share of the estate to one spouse based on factors like fault in the breakup of the marriage, disparities in earning capacity, and the needs of any children. The first step in any property division is characterizing each asset as either community property or separate property. Under Texas Family Code § 3. 001 and § 3. 002, community property includes virtually everything acquired during the marriage, regardless of whose name is on the title. Separate property includes assets owned before marriage, inheritances, and gifts received by one spouse alone. In high net worth cases, the lines between community and separate property often blur. A business started before marriage may have grown substantially using marital labor and community funds. An inheritance might have been deposited into a joint account. These issues require careful tracing and documentation. Talk to a lawyer about protecting your separate property claims. Business Valuation in High Net Worth Divorce... > Hurt in a Dallas accident? Our Dallas accident attorney fights for maximum compensation. No fees unless you win. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-01-01 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-accident-attorney/ If you've been injured in an accident in Dallas, you need an attorney who will fight to get you the compensation you deserve. Insurance companies have one goal: pay you as little as possible. A skilled Dallas accident attorney levels the playing field and ensures your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering are taken seriously. Varghese Summersett represents accident victims across the Dallas area. With offices in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and Southlake, our personal injury team has the resources and experience to take on insurance companies and negligent parties. We work on contingency, which means you pay nothing unless we win your case. Why You Need a Dallas Accident Attorney The days and weeks after an accident can feel overwhelming. You're dealing with injuries, mounting medical bills, and pressure from insurance adjusters who want you to settle quickly. Many people don't realize that the first offer from an insurance company is almost always far below what the case is actually worth. An experienced accident attorney knows how insurance companies operate. They know the tactics adjusters use to minimize payouts, and they know how to push back. More than that, they understand what your claim is actually worth because they've handled hundreds of cases like yours. Dallas County sees thousands of traffic accidents every year. The Texas Department of Transportation reported over 4,500 serious injury crashes in Dallas County in 2023 alone. Behind each of those numbers is a person whose life was disrupted by someone else's negligence. Schedule a free consultation with our Dallas personal injury lawyers today. Types of Accident Cases We Handle in Dallas Our Dallas accident attorneys represent clients who have been injured in a wide range of incidents. Each type of accident presents unique challenges, and our team has the experience to handle them all. Car Accidents Car accidents are the most common source of personal injury claims in Dallas. Whether you were rear-ended on Central Expressway, T-boned at an intersection in Oak Cliff, or sideswiped on LBJ Freeway, we can help you pursue compensation from the at-fault driver's insurance company. Truck Accidents Collisions involving commercial trucks often result in catastrophic injuries due to the sheer size and weight of 18-wheelers. These cases require investigation into the trucking company, driver logs, maintenance records, and federal safety regulations. Our Dallas truck accident lawyers have handled complex trucking cases throughout North Texas. Motorcycle Accidents Motorcyclists face extreme vulnerability on Dallas roads. Even accidents that seem minor can result in serious injuries when there's no protective barrier between rider and pavement. Our team understands the bias that sometimes exists against motorcyclists and works to ensure our clients receive fair treatment. Pedestrian and Bicycle Accidents Dallas has seen an increase in pedestrian accidents as more people walk and bike in urban areas. Drivers who fail to yield, run red lights, or drive distracted put pedestrians and cyclists at serious risk. These accidents often result in severe injuries that require extensive medical treatment. Rideshare Accidents Accidents involving Uber... > Injured in a Dallas car accident? Our experienced Dallas car accident lawyer fights for maximum compensation. Free consultation. Call (214) 903-4000. - Published: 2026-01-01 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-car-accident-lawyer/ If you were injured in a car accident in Dallas, you may be entitled to compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. The days and weeks after a serious crash are overwhelming. You're dealing with injuries, missed work, insurance adjusters, and mounting bills. You need answers, and you need someone in your corner who knows how to fight for what you deserve. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas car accident lawyers have the experience and resources to take on insurance companies and hold negligent drivers accountable. With more than 70 team members across four Texas offices, we handle every aspect of your case so you can focus on healing. Schedule a Free Consultation Why You Need a Dallas Car Accident Lawyer Insurance companies are not on your side. Their goal is to pay you as little as possible, and they have teams of adjusters and attorneys working to protect their bottom line. They may pressure you to give a recorded statement, accept a quick settlement, or sign documents that limit your rights. An experienced car accident lawyer levels the playing field. We investigate the crash, gather evidence, document your injuries, and build a case designed to maximize your recovery. We handle all communication with the insurance company and fight for fair compensation through negotiation or litigation. Many accident victims underestimate the value of their claim. What seems like a straightforward injury can lead to months of physical therapy, chronic pain, or an inability to return to your previous job. A lawyer ensures that every current and future cost is accounted for before you agree to any settlement. What Compensation Can You Recover After a Dallas Car Accident? Texas law allows car accident victims to recover both economic damages and non-economic damages. Economic damages cover the financial losses you can calculate, while non-economic damages address the ways the accident has affected your quality of life. Economic Damages These are the out-of-pocket costs directly tied to your accident and injuries: Emergency room visits and hospitalization Surgery, medication, and medical devices Physical therapy and rehabilitation Future medical care for ongoing treatment Lost wages from missed work Reduced earning capacity if you cannot return to your previous job Property damage to your vehicle Non-Economic Damages Some losses cannot be measured with a receipt, but they are just as real: Physical pain and suffering Mental anguish and emotional distress Loss of enjoyment of life Disfigurement or permanent scarring Loss of consortium (impact on your relationship with your spouse) The value of your claim depends on the severity of your injuries, the clarity of fault, the available insurance coverage, and how the accident has disrupted your life. Our Dallas car accident attorneys will evaluate every aspect of your case to pursue the maximum compensation available. Get a Free Case Evaluation Today How Fault Works in Texas Car Accident Cases Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule. This means you can still recover damages even if you were partially at fault for the accident,... > Arrested for shoplifting in Fort Bend County? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Bend shoplifting lawyer. Protect your future. 281-805-222 - Published: 2025-12-30 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-shoplifting-lawyer/ Shoplifting in Texas is prosecuted as theft under Penal Code Section 31. 03, with penalties determined by the value of merchandise stolen. Charges range from Class C misdemeanors for items under $100 to state jail felonies for merchandise valued between $2,500 and $30,000. Fort Bend County prosecutes shoplifting cases in the County Courts at Law for misdemeanors and Criminal District Courts for felonies, with pretrial diversion programs available for eligible first-time offenders that can result in complete case dismissal. At Varghese Summersett, our lead Fort Bend shoplifting attorney, Mike Hanson, understands that a shoplifting charge — even for low-value merchandise — creates serious consequences beyond criminal penalties. Theft convictions are crimes of moral turpitude that may appear on background checks and affect employment, professional licensing, and housing opportunities. We've successfully defended clients throughout Fort Bend County by negotiating pretrial diversion, challenging evidence and valuations, and securing dismissals that protect our clients' records and futures. In this article, In this article, we explain how shoplifting charges work in Fort Bend County, the penalties you may face, the defenses available, and how an experienced Fort Bend shoplifting lawyer can help you protect your record and your future. But first, please watch this video by Board Certified Criminal Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese. https://youtu. be/NK9ulWg_bgw Understanding Texas Shoplifting Law Texas doesn't have a separate "shoplifting" statute. Instead, retail theft is charged under Chapter 31 of the Texas Penal Code, primarily Section 31. 03 which defines theft as unlawfully appropriating property with intent to deprive the owner. This broad definition covers all common shoplifting scenarios including concealing merchandise in bags, purses, or clothing; switching price tags or labels to pay less than the actual price; consuming food or drinks in the store without paying; walking out with merchandise without paying; and returning stolen items for cash or credit. The key elements prosecutors must prove are that you unlawfully appropriated property, meaning you took it without the owner's effective consent, and that you intended to deprive the owner of the property. Accidentally walking out with unpaid merchandise or mistakenly believing you paid for items can provide viable defenses when intent cannot be proven. Fort Bend Shoplifting Penalties by Value Texas theft penalties increase dramatically based on merchandise value, making accurate valuation critical to your defense strategy. Class C Misdemeanor - Under $100 Theft of property valued under $100 constitutes a Class C misdemeanor punishable by fines up to $500 with no jail time. While this may seem minor, Class C convictions still create permanent criminal records that may appear on background checks and affect employment. Class B Misdemeanor - $100 to $750 Merchandise valued between $100 and $750 results in Class B misdemeanor charges carrying up to 180 days in county jail and fines up to $2,000. Prior theft convictions can enhance Class B charges to higher levels even when current merchandise value remains low. Class A Misdemeanor - $750 to $2,500 Theft of property worth $750 to $2,500 becomes a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by... > Being accused of a sexual assault is the devastating. Our Denton County sexual assault lawyer discusses how to mount your best defense. - Published: 2025-12-23 - Modified: 2025-12-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-sexual-assault-lawyer/ Facing Sex Crime Charges in Denton County? Your Future Is on the Line. Being accused of a sex crime in Denton County is terrifying. You're facing the possibility of decades in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and permanent destruction of your reputation. Even an accusation can cost you your job, your family, and your standing in the community before you ever see a courtroom. If you're reading this, you need a Denton County sexual assault lawyer who has successfully defended these cases and knows exactly what's at stake. The sex crimes defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have tried more than 750 criminal cases to verdict, including sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, and child pornography charges in Denton County and throughout Texas. Four of our attorneys hold board certification in criminal law, a distinction earned by less than 1 percent of Texas lawyers. We understand the fear you're experiencing right now, and we're here to fight for you. Why Do Sex Crime Cases Require Specialized Defense? Sex crime prosecutions in Texas are unlike any other criminal case. They often rely heavily on witness testimony rather than physical evidence. They carry extreme penalties that can exceed those for murder. And they trigger mandatory sex offender registration that follows you for life. Prosecutors in Denton County pursue these cases aggressively because the political and public pressure to secure convictions is immense. Our defense team includes former prosecutors who handled sex crime cases from the other side. We know how these investigations unfold, how forensic interviews are conducted, and where the weaknesses in the State's case typically hide. That insider knowledge shapes every defense strategy we build. What Sexual Offenses Are Prosecuted Under Texas Law? Texas has one of the most extensive criminal codes addressing sexual offenses in the country. Each offense carries different elements, penalties, and collateral consequences. Understanding exactly what you're charged with is the first step toward building an effective defense. Sexual Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 011) Sexual assault under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011 occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes penetration of another person without consent, or causes penetration of a child under 17 regardless of consent. This is a second degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. If the victim was someone the defendant was prohibited from marrying or someone the defendant was the clergyperson of, the offense may be enhanced. Aggravated Sexual Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 021) Aggravated sexual assault under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021 elevates the charge when certain aggravating factors exist. These include causing serious bodily injury, attempting to cause death, using or exhibiting a deadly weapon, acting with another person, using a date rape drug, or committing the offense against a victim under 14 years old or elderly. This is a first degree felony carrying 5 to 99 years or life in prison. When the victim is under 6, or under 14 and serious bodily injury occurs, the... > Injured in a Houston truck accident? Our Houston truck accident lawyer has recovered millions for Texans. Free consultation. Call (817) 203-2220 today. - Published: 2025-12-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-truck-accident-lawyer/ Hurt in a Houston Truck Wreck? Here's What You Need to Know If you or someone you love was hit by an 18-wheeler on a Houston highway, you're probably scared, overwhelmed, and unsure what happens next. The injuries from truck crashes are often devastating. Medical bills pile up fast. Insurance adjusters start calling before you've even left the hospital. You need a Houston truck accident lawyer who understands how these cases work and who will fight to get you the compensation you deserve. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team has recovered millions for truck crash victims across Texas. We know how trucking companies and their insurers operate, and we know how to hold them accountable. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. We handle Houston truck accident cases on contingency, which means you pay nothing unless we win. Why Truck Accident Cases Are Different From Car Wrecks A collision with a commercial truck is not just a "big car accident. " These cases involve federal safety regulations, multiple corporate defendants, and specialized evidence that simply don't exist in typical auto crashes. An attorney who doesn't understand the trucking industry will miss critical liability theories, insurance coverage, and evidence that can make or break your case. Truck cases are built around Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) rules that govern everything from how long drivers can stay behind the wheel to how cargo must be secured. When trucking companies or drivers violate these regulations, it creates powerful evidence of negligence. At Varghese Summersett, our attorneys know how to pull FMCSA SAFER data, inspection histories, audit reports, and prior enforcement actions. We use patterns of non-compliance to build negligent hiring, retention, and supervision claims that hold trucking companies responsible for putting dangerous drivers on Texas roads. Houston Is Texas's Truck Crash Hotspot Houston and Harris County recorded over 7,100 commercial motor vehicle crashes in 2023, involving more than 23,000 people. That works out to roughly 19 to 20 truck-related crashes every single day in the greater Houston area. Harris County typically reports well over 6,000 truck crashes per year, more than double the count in many other large Texas counties. In one recent year, around 40 to 50 truck-related deaths occurred in Harris County alone. That's effectively one deadly 18-wheeler crash every week on Houston-area roads. The numbers tell a stark story. While truck wrecks make up a small percentage of total crashes, they account for a disproportionately deadly slice of outcomes. When a fully loaded semi weighing up to 80,000 pounds collides with a passenger vehicle, the physics are brutal. Where Houston Truck Wrecks Happen Most Houston truck crashes concentrate on the major freight corridors: I-10, I-45, US-59/69, the 610 Loop, Beltway 8, and the large interchanges where freeways and loops meet. In 2023, TxDOT data recorded 369 commercial truck crashes at intersections, 139 speeding-related CMV crashes, and 30 truck crashes in work zones in the Houston and Harris County area. Texas leads the nation in large-truck crashes, with 20,510... > Accused of possession of methamphetmine in Dallas or surrounding area? Call for a free consulation with a Dallas methamphetamine Lawyer. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-12-17 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-methamphetamine-lawyer/ Arrested for Meth Possession in Dallas? Here's What You're Facing If you or someone you love was just arrested for methamphetamine possession in Dallas, you're probably terrified about what comes next. Even a small amount of meth (less than one gram) is automatically a felony in Texas, punishable by up to two years in state jail and $10,000 in fines. If federal authorities get involved, the stakes climb even higher, with mandatory minimum sentences that judges cannot reduce. Our Dallas methamphetamine lawyer understand how overwhelming this feels. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have spent decades defending people facing methamphetamine charges in both Texas state courts and the Northern District of Texas federal court. We know the fear you're experiencing, and we know how to fight back. Don't speak to police or prosecutors without legal representation. Call (817) 203-2220 now for a free, confidential consultation with an experienced Dallas meth defense attorney. What Is Methamphetamine Possession Under Texas Law? Methamphetamine (including "crystal meth," "speed," and "ice") is classified as a Penalty Group 1 substance under Texas Health and Safety Code Section 481. 115. This category is reserved for the most dangerous and addictive drugs, and offenses involving them carry the strictest penalties in the state. Under Texas law, you can be charged with possession if prosecutors prove you "knowingly or intentionally" possessed methamphetamine. This doesn't require the drugs to be found directly on your body. Texas recognizes two types of possession: Actual possession: The meth was found on your person, in your pocket, or within your immediate reach. Constructive possession: The meth was found in an area you controlled, such as your car, apartment, or workplace, even if you weren't holding it. Think of constructive possession like a shared refrigerator. If a roommate leaves a prohibited item on the bottom shelf, the law might assume everyone in the house possesses it because you all have access. To defend yourself, you must prove you didn't put it there, didn't control it, or didn't even know it was inside. Dallas County prosecutors aggressively pursue meth cases, and the burden falls on the State to prove you knew the substance was there and exercised control over it. This is where an experienced defense attorney becomes critical. State vs. Federal Meth Charges: What Determines Where Your Case Goes? Most methamphetamine arrests in Dallas are prosecuted in Texas state court through the Dallas County District Attorney's Office. However, certain factors can push your case into federal court, where penalties are typically much harsher and there is no parole. Your case may become a federal prosecution if: Federal agents (DEA, FBI, ATF) made the arrest or were involved in the investigation The alleged offense occurred on federal property (airports, federal buildings, military bases) The drugs crossed state lines or international borders Large quantities suggest distribution or trafficking (50 grams or more often triggers federal interest) Your case is connected to a larger federal drug conspiracy investigation The U. S. Attorney's Office in the Northern... > Top-rated Southlake divorce attorney for high-asset divorce, custody, and complex property division. Confidential consultation. Call (817) 415-1575. - Published: 2025-12-16 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-divorce-attorney/ If you're considering divorce in Southlake, you're facing one of the most challenging decisions of your life. A Southlake divorce lawyer can help you protect your assets, parental rights, and financial future during one of life's most difficult transitions. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team has helped hundreds of Southlake families resolve high-asset divorces, custody disputes, and complex property divisions. Divorce in Texas involves dividing everything you've built during your marriage — from your home and retirement accounts to decisions about your children's future. The stakes are high, and the decisions you make in the first 30 days often shape the next 30 years of your life. You don't have to face this alone. Why Southlake Families Choose Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett has become Southlake's trusted divorce law firm by combining highly sought-after legal talent with genuine community roots. Our Southlake office, located at 3120 Sabre Dr. , Suite 110, serves families throughout Northeast Tarrant County, Denton County, and Collin County who need skilled representation in high-stakes divorce and custody matters. We've been honored as a Southlake Style Readers' Choice "Top Law Firm" multiple years running — a recognition that comes directly from the residents we serve. This award isn't something you can buy. It reflects what happens when a law firm consistently delivers results for local families. Our team actively supports Carroll ISD and attends Dragon events throughout the year. We're proud members of the Southlake Chamber of Commerce, and we sponsor cultural events that bring our diverse community together. When you hire a Southlake divorce lawyer from Varghese Summersett, you're hiring neighbors who care about this community's families. What sets us apart in high-stakes Southlake divorces: Board-certified trial experience. Our firm includes attorneys Board Certified in their practice areas — a credential held by fewer than 1% of Texas lawyers. Forensic accounting network. We work routinely with certified business valuators, forensic CPAs, and tracing experts to ensure nothing is overlooked or undervalued. Every Tarrant County family court. Our attorneys have appeared before judges in the 231st, 233rd, 322nd, 324th, 325th, and 360th District Courts. We know how each court runs. Discretion by design. Our Southlake office was chosen specifically for privacy — away from the town square, with reserved parking, so your visit stays your business. Southlake Style Readers' Choice "Top Law Firm" — recognized multiple years running by the residents we serve. Visit Our Southlake Office Our Southlake office is located at 3120 Sabre Drive, on the border of Southlake and Westlake in the Kirkwood Oaks Business Center. We selected this location to provide clients with world-class space and privacy they wouldn't find in the town center. Varghese Summersett (Southlake) is located on the first floor of Kirkwood Oaks. We serve: Southlake, Westlake, Colleyville, Keller, Grapevine, Trophy Club, Flower Mound, Argyle, Roanoke, and surrounding communities in Tarrant, Denton, and Collin counties. What Makes a Southlake Divorce Different Southlake is not your average Texas suburb. The median household income ranks among the highest in the state, and... > Need an experienced Denton County Property Division Lawyer? Our attorneys specialize in complex and high asset property divison in North Texas divorces. - Published: 2025-12-15 - Modified: 2025-12-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-property-division/ Property division in Texas divorce is governed by community property law under Chapters 3 and 7 of the Texas Family Code. All property acquired during marriage, regardless of whose name appears on titles or accounts, is presumed to be community property belonging to both spouses. Texas courts divide community property in a manner "just and right," which does not require a 50/50 split — courts can and do award significantly disproportionate divisions based on factors including earning capacity, fault in the breakup, health, age, and the needs of any children. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton property division lawyers understand that dividing marital assets affects your financial security for years to come. We bring extensive experience navigating Denton County divorce courts and protecting clients' interests in complex property divisions involving businesses, retirement accounts, real estate portfolios, and high-net-worth estates. We've successfully traced separate property, pursued disproportionate divisions when circumstances warranted, and structured tax-efficient settlements that preserve our clients' financial futures. In this comprehensive article, our Denton County property division lawyers explain how Texas community property laws work, how Denton County courts apply them, and what you can do to protect your assets throughout the divorce process. We explain the difference between community and separate property, how commingling affects classification, what the “just and right” standard really means, and how complex assets — such as retirement accounts, businesses, and high-net-worth holdings — are handled. You’ll also learn about Denton County’s standing orders, mediation requirements, common mistakes to avoid, and why experienced legal representation is critical in property division cases. Understanding Texas Community Property Law Texas Family Code Section 3. 002 defines community property as all property, other than separate property, acquired by either spouse during marriage. This broad definition means virtually everything obtained during marriage becomes community property subject to division in divorce, including wages and salary earned during marriage, real estate purchased during marriage regardless of whose name is on the deed, retirement account contributions and growth during marriage, business interests created or grown during marriage, vehicles, bank accounts, investment accounts, and most debts incurred during marriage. Section 3. 003 creates a presumption that all property possessed by either spouse at divorce is community property. The spouse claiming property is separate bears the burden of rebutting this presumption by clear and convincing evidence — a high standard requiring substantial proof of the property's separate character. https://youtu. be/hIhd-bRg02k? list=TLPQMTAxMjIwMjXlmdRyrjuyyA What Qualifies as Separate Property in Texas? Texas Family Code Section 3. 001 defines separate property as property owned or claimed before marriage, property acquired during marriage by gift, devise, or descent (inheritance), and recovery for personal injuries sustained during marriage, except for loss of earning capacity during marriage. Separate property remains with the spouse who owns it and is not divided in divorce. However, proving separate property requires clear and convincing evidence including documentation showing acquisition before marriage, gift letters or inheritance records proving property was gifted or inherited, and detailed tracing when separate property has been commingled with community funds. The... - Published: 2025-12-15 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-accident-attorney/ Why You Need a Fort Worth Accident Lawyer After a Serious Injury If you've been hurt in an accident in Fort Worth, you have the right to seek compensation from whoever caused your injuries. Whether you were injured by a falling pallet at an Alliance warehouse, attacked due to poor security at an apartment complex, hurt in a car crash on I-35W, or burned in an oil field explosion, Texas law allows victims to recover money for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. But insurance companies don't pay fair settlements without a fight, and the clock is ticking on your legal rights. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth accident attorney has recovered millions for accident victims across Tarrant County. We handle everything from workplace injuries and premises liability claims to vehicle crashes, construction accidents, and wrongful death cases. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we know the local courts, the insurance tactics, and what it takes to win. Types of Accident Cases We Handle in Fort Worth Fort Worth's mix of industrial zones, logistics hubs, active nightlife, and major highways creates a wide range of dangers. Our attorneys have experience handling all of them. Workplace and Industrial Accidents Fort Worth's economy runs on logistics, manufacturing, and energy. That means warehouse injuries, construction site accidents, and oil field disasters are common, and often devastating. The Barnett Shale formation runs directly beneath Fort Worth, making this one of the few major cities with active drilling operations in populated areas. Pipeline explosions, rig collapses, and toxic exposure to chemicals like silica dust and benzene have injured workers and nearby residents alike. Here's what many injured workers don't know: these cases often go beyond workers' compensation. If a third party caused your injury (for example, a subcontractor's faulty equipment or another company's negligent employee), you can file a personal injury lawsuit for full damages. Workers' comp limits what you can recover. A third-party lawsuit does not. The massive logistics hubs around AllianceTexas have created another category of serious injuries. Forklift impalements, crush injuries from falling pallets, and loading dock falls happen regularly. When these accidents are caused by unrealistic speed quotas or inadequate training, victims may have grounds for gross negligence claims, which can result in punitive damages. Fort Worth is also home to American Airlines, Bell Helicopter, and Lockheed Martin, plus heavy air traffic at Alliance Airport and Meacham Field. Aviation-related injuries aren't just plane crashes. They include tarmac injuries to baggage handlers, helicopter maintenance failures, and manufacturing defects. These cases involve both federal FAA and NTSB regulations and Texas state law, making them extremely specialized. Premises Liability: Injuries on Someone Else's Property Property owners in Texas have a legal duty to keep their premises safe. When they fail, and someone gets hurt, they can be held liable. Negligent Security: This is a growing area of law in Fort Worth. If you were assaulted, mugged, or shot at an apartment complex, bar, hotel, or parking garage, the property... > Looking for a Fort Worth divorce attorney? Our Tier 1-rated family law team has decades of Tarrant County experience. Call (817) 203-2220 to get started. - Published: 2025-12-14 - Modified: 2026-03-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-divorce-attorney/ Finding the Right Fort Worth Divorce Attorney for Your Case If you're facing divorce in Fort Worth, you need an attorney who knows Tarrant County courts inside and out. Our Fort Worth divorce attorney will protect your assets, fight for time with your children, and guide you through one of life's most difficult transitions. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team combines years of local experience with the trial-ready preparation that forces better outcomes, whether your case settles or goes before a judge. Divorce changes everything. Your finances, your daily routine, your relationship with your kids. We understand the fear and uncertainty you're feeling right now. That's why our Fort Worth divorce lawyers treat every case with the seriousness it deserves, preparing from day one as if we're going to trial. Why Fort Worth Families Choose Varghese Summersett for Divorce Not every divorce attorney is built for high-stakes cases. Some firms process divorces like an assembly line. We take a different approach. Our attorneys provide honest evaluations and creative solutions because you deserve to know exactly where you stand before making decisions that affect the rest of your life. Here's what that means in practice: We'll sit down with you and realistically assess your situation. We'll explain how the facts of your marriage, including mistakes made and advantages earned, will likely impact your case. We won't promise outcomes we can't deliver. Instead, we'll tell you the truth, then fight like hell for the best result possible. Our Fort Worth family law team handles the full spectrum of divorce-related matters: Divorce (contested and uncontested) Child custody and conservatorship disputes Child support calculations and modifications Property and debt division, including complex assets Visitation orders and enforcement Temporary orders for immediate protection Modifications of existing court orders Spousal support and maintenance What sets us apart? A Best Law Firms Tier 1 ranking for family law in the Dallas-Fort Worth region, recognition as Gold Winner for Best Divorce Lawyer and Best Family Law Firm in the Fort Worth Star-Telegram's DFW Favorites, and a team of family attorneys who consistently appear on Fort Worth Magazine's Top Attorneys list, selected by their peers. But credentials only matter if they translate to results. A quick example: in 2023, we represented a Fort Worth business owner whose spouse initially demanded 70% of a family-owned manufacturing company. Through aggressive discovery and expert business valuation testimony, we demonstrated the company's true separate property nature and negotiated a settlement protecting 85% of our client's business interest. That's what trial-ready preparation delivers. What Makes a Divorce "Contested" vs. "Uncontested" in Texas? Texas recognizes two paths to divorce. An uncontested divorce happens when both spouses agree on all major issues: property division, child custody, and support. These cases move faster and cost less. A contested divorce means you and your spouse disagree on at least one significant issue, and a judge may need to decide. Most divorces start contested and become uncontested through negotiation. The key is having an attorney skilled enough to... > Hurt in a Houston motorcycle crash? Harris County sees 100+ rider deaths yearly. Free consultation from experienced Texas attorneys. Call (281) 805-2220 today. - Published: 2025-12-13 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/ Houston Motorcycle Accident Lawyer: Fighting for Riders in Texas's Most Dangerous City If you've been hurt in a Houston motorcycle accident, you may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas law allows injured riders to recover damages when another driver's negligence caused the crash. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team has helped motorcycle accident victims across the Houston area fight back against insurance companies and secure the money they need to rebuild their lives. Here's what makes Houston different from anywhere else in Texas: Harris County recorded approximately 100 motorcycle deaths in 2023 alone. That's roughly one rider funeral every three to four days in a single county. Over the past several years, more than 1,100 motorcycle riders and passengers have been killed or seriously injured on Houston city streets, even though motorcycles represent a tiny fraction of daily traffic volume. Bikes are under-represented in rush-hour gridlock but drastically over-represented in the morgue and the spinal cord rehab unit. This guide explains what makes Houston so dangerous for riders, identifies the specific roads and intersections where crashes cluster, explains how fault works under Texas law, and shows why the injuries from these crashes generate some of the largest personal injury claims in the state. https://youtu. be/43FHS5bckKk Why Houston Is the Most Dangerous City in Texas for Motorcyclists Statewide, Texas recorded roughly 9,400 motorcycle crashes in 2023. Here's the number that should stop every rider cold: only about 15 percent of those crashes involved no injury at all. That means 85 percent of Texas motorcycle wrecks hurt someone. Compare that to car-on-car collisions, where a large share are property-damage-only fender benders. When a motorcycle goes down, blood, surgery, or a funeral is the norm rather than the exception. The severity numbers are equally grim. Of those 9,400 crashes, roughly 600 were fatal and about 2,500 caused serious injuries. A rider involved in a crash is more than twice as likely to be killed or seriously injured as to walk away unhurt. That's the reality Houston juries see when they evaluate these cases, and it explains why even a "survivable" motorcycle wreck comes with six-figure medical bills and life-altering impairment. Harris County shoulders a wildly disproportionate share of this risk. The county accounts for roughly one-fifth of all motor vehicle crashes in Texas, with more than 116,000 wrecks in 2023. Layer in the approximately 100 motorcycle deaths that same year, and you begin to understand why Harris County courts handle a staggering flow of fatal and catastrophic motorcycle cases relative to the rest of the state. The Most Dangerous Roads for Motorcyclists in Houston The most dangerous places to ride a motorcycle in Houston are not random back roads. They're the same high-speed freeways, tollways, and commercial corridors that already dominate the city's serious crash maps. For riders, these roads function as "red zones" where a split-second mistake by someone else can turn into catastrophic or fatal injuries. Freeways and Tollways I-45 (North Freeway... - Published: 2025-12-13 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-truck-wreck-lawyer/ Fort Worth Truck Wreck Lawyer: What You Need to Know After a Serious Crash If you've been hurt in a truck wreck in Fort Worth, you need a lawyer who understands the unique challenges these cases present. Truck accident claims involve multiple liable parties, federal trucking regulations, and insurance companies with teams of attorneys working against you from day one. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team has recovered millions for truck wreck victims across Tarrant County, and we know exactly how to build cases that get results. Fort Worth sits at the crossroads of some of Texas's deadliest truck corridors. With over 13,445 truck-involved crashes recorded in a single recent year, our city sees more 18-wheeler wrecks than almost anywhere else in the state. If you or someone you love has been injured, understanding your legal options could mean the difference between struggling with medical bills and securing the compensation you deserve. Why Fort Worth Is One of Texas's Most Dangerous Cities for Truck Wrecks Texas leads the nation in large-truck crash fatalities, and Fort Worth ranks among the worst cities in the worst state. The numbers tell a sobering story. In 2024, Texas recorded more than 39,000 commercial motor vehicle crashes statewide. Roughly 730 people died in large-truck crashes in 2023 alone, accounting for about 17% of all traffic deaths in Texas. That fatality rate is more than double the national average for all motor vehicle crashes. Fort Worth's location makes it a perfect storm for truck traffic. Our city sits where I-20, I-30, I-35W, and I-820 intersect, creating a web of interstate highways that carry both daily commuters and long-haul freight. A 2025 analysis of Texas's deadliest road stretches identified several Fort Worth corridors in the statewide top tier: I-20 from Granbury Road to Bowman Springs Road I-35W from I-20 to E Long Avenue I-30 from S Cherry Lane to Beach Street I-820 from Mark IV Parkway to Randol Mill Road Each of these stretches has seen dozens of fatal crashes over the past several years. When a fully loaded tractor-trailer weighing up to 80,000 pounds collides with a 4,000-pound passenger car at highway speeds, the results are catastrophic. Common Causes of Truck Wrecks in Fort Worth Most truck wrecks aren't random accidents. They happen because someone, whether the driver, the trucking company, or another party, cut corners on safety. Driver Fatigue Federal hours-of-service regulations under 49 CFR Part 395 limit how long truckers can drive without rest. But pressure to meet delivery deadlines pushes many drivers to falsify their logs or push through exhaustion. A drowsy driver behind the wheel of an 18-wheeler is a deadly threat to everyone on Fort Worth's highways. Distracted Driving Texting, using GPS devices, eating, or even adjusting the radio takes a trucker's attention off the road. At 65 miles per hour, a truck travels the length of a football field in just a few seconds. That's plenty of time for a distraction to turn fatal. Improper Loading Cargo that's loaded... - Published: 2025-12-13 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/best-personal-injury-lawyer-near-me/ If you've been injured or lost a family member due to someone else's negligence, you may search for "best personal injury lawyer near me. " It's a natural instinct, you want the best possible representation for your case. But here's the thing: finding the "best" personal injury attorney isn't as straightforward as reading a few online reviews and picking the lawyer with the highest star rating. In fact, the question of who qualifies as the "best" involves a surprising intersection of subjective preferences, the unique needs of the case, and objective metrics that may not always align. This guide will walk you through the complexities of finding a personal injury lawyer who is genuinely the best fit for your specific situation—because ultimately, that's what matters most. Why Lawyers Can't Simply Claim to Be "The Best" Before we dive into how to find a great personal injury lawyer, it's important to understand a fundamental constraint that affects legal advertising: state bar associations prohibit attorneys from making unsubstantiated claims of superiority. Under the ethical rules governing attorney conduct in most states, a lawyer cannot claim to be "the best" unless that claim can be backed by objective, verifiable data. The Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, like those in most jurisdictions, prohibit misleading communications about a lawyer's services. A claim like "I'm the best personal injury lawyer in Dallas" would be considered misleading unless the attorney could point to concrete, objective metrics supporting that assertion. This is why you'll rarely see a reputable law firm's website boldly declaring that they're "the best. " Instead, you'll see language like "experienced," "dedicated," "award-winning," or references to specific accomplishments and case results. These statements can be verified. A blanket claim of being "the best" cannot. So what does this mean for you as a consumer? It means that any lawyer or firm advertising themselves as definitively "the best" without backing it up may actually be violating ethical rules—which should give you pause about their judgment and integrity. The Subjective Side of Finding "The Best" Lawyer Even if we could objectively measure legal excellence, there's an inherently subjective element to finding the right lawyer for you. "Best" means different things to different people, and what makes a lawyer ideal for one client might make them a poor fit for another. Consider what matters most to you: Communication style. Do you want a lawyer who calls you weekly with updates, or are you comfortable with less frequent communication? Some clients want to be deeply involved in every decision, while others prefer to hand off their case and trust their attorney to handle things. Aggressiveness versus settlement focus. Some personal injury lawyers are known for taking cases to trial and fighting aggressively, while others excel at negotiating favorable settlements quickly. Neither approach is inherently better; it depends on your case circumstances and your tolerance for a potentially longer, more adversarial process. Firm size and personal attention. A large personal injury firm may have more resources, but less personal... > Facing marijuana charges in Denton County? Our Denton County marijuana lawyer has secured dismissals and reductions in hundreds of cases. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2025-12-12 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-marijuana-lawyer/ Why You Need a Denton County Marijuana Lawyer If you're facing marijuana charges in Denton County, you need a defense attorney who knows the local courts, prosecutors, and judges. Texas has some of the harshest marijuana laws in the country, and Denton County prosecutors actively pursue convictions. Even possession of a small amount can result in jail time, thousands in fines, and a permanent criminal record that follows you for life. The good news? Many marijuana cases can be fought, reduced, or dismissed entirely with the right legal strategy. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have handled hundreds of drug cases across North Texas, including Denton County. We understand what's at stake and know how to protect your future. The State of Marijuana Prosecution in Denton County In November 2022, Denton voters approved Proposition B, which aimed to decriminalize possession of small amounts of marijuana (under 4 oz) and stop arrests and citations for low‑level possession. However, the City of Denton has never actually implemented the ordinance because it conflicts with Texas state law, which requires cities to fully enforce state drug laws. The Texas Attorney General sued Denton and several other cities over these ordinances, arguing that local governments cannot override state drug statutes. As a result, Denton police still have the authority to arrest for marijuana possession, but they have adopted a policy of treating it as a low enforcement priority unless there are aggravating factors (like weapons, DWI, or other serious crimes). Texas Marijuana Laws: What You're Actually Facing Texas treats marijuana possession as a serious criminal offense. Unlike states that have decriminalized or legalized cannabis, Texas still classifies marijuana as a controlled substance under the Texas Health and Safety Code, Chapter 481. The penalties depend entirely on how much marijuana police claim you possessed. Here's what Texas law says: Possession of 2 ounces or less is a Class B misdemeanor. You face up to 180 days in county jail and fines up to $2,000. This is the most common charge we see in Denton County. Possession of 2-4 ounces jumps to a Class A misdemeanor. Now you're looking at up to one year in jail and fines up to $4,000. Possession of 4 ounces to 5 pounds becomes a state jail felony. This means 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and fines up to $10,000. A felony conviction changes everything about your future. Possession of 5-50 pounds is a third-degree felony carrying 2-10 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. The amounts increase from there, with potential sentences reaching life in prison for possession of more than 2,000 pounds. THC Concentrates Are Treated Differently Many people don't realize that THC vape cartridges, wax, edibles, and other concentrates are not charged the same as flower marijuana. Under Texas law, these products fall under Penalty Group 2, which carries felony charges even for tiny amounts. Possession of less than one gram of THC concentrate is a state jail felony. That single vape... - Published: 2025-12-12 - Modified: 2025-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-drug-lawyer/ Our Denton County drug lawyer defends people charged with drug crimes in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, The Colony, Little Elm, Corinth, and surrounding cities. If you're facing drug charges in Denton County, the penalties can be severe. Texas has some of the harshest drug laws in the nation, and a conviction can mean prison time, heavy fines, and a permanent criminal record that affects employment and housing for years. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton County drug defense attorneys have spent years fighting for clients in Denton County criminal courts. Our team includes former prosecutors who understand exactly how the state builds drug cases and what it takes to dismantle them. We've helped hundreds of North Texans avoid convictions, reduce charges, and protect their futures. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. Why Drug Charges in Denton County Are Serious Denton County continues to strictly enforce drug laws despite shifts in policy elsewhere in Texas. According to 2024 crime statistics, drug possession ranks among the most common criminal charges in the county alongside theft and DWI. Many arrests stem from routine traffic stops where officers discover controlled substances during vehicle searches. The Denton Police Department has been aggressive in pursuing fentanyl-related cases. Since Texas enacted a new law in September 2023 making it a murder offense to supply fentanyl that results in death, Denton has made multiple fentanyl murder arrests. In July 2025 alone, police arrested a suspect for murder after a fatal fentanyl overdose. These cases demonstrate how seriously local authorities treat drug crimes. Denton County has 11 district courts handling felony cases and 5 county criminal courts for misdemeanors. The Denton County District Attorney's Office maintains dedicated prosecution units for drug offenses and pursues these cases vigorously. Without experienced legal representation, defendants often face the full weight of Texas drug penalties. Why Is Denton County Stricter on Drug Cases Than Surrounding Counties? Denton County is developing a reputation for being tougher on drug offenders than neighboring counties in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The Denton County District Attorney has implemented a policy of seeking the "stiffest sentences possible" for anyone manufacturing or selling fentanyl, methamphetamine, cocaine, and heroin. This harder line on dealers makes the distinction between possession and distribution charges even more consequential here than elsewhere in North Texas. Geography plays a major role in why drug enforcement is so aggressive. Denton County sits along Interstate 35, the primary north-south trafficking route connecting Mexico to Oklahoma and points beyond. Federal drug market analyses from the North Texas High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) identify I-35 as the main corridor used to move cocaine, methamphetamine, marijuana, and other drugs through the Dallas-Fort Worth region. These reports characterize the DFW area, including Denton County, as both a destination market and a transshipment zone. This is why highway interdiction teams concentrate resources here. The volume of drugs moving through Denton County is staggering. According to recent Denton County Crime Stoppers data, local law enforcement has seized over $5. 1 million in drugs and... > Learn everything you need to know about divorce in Texas. Our comprehensive divorce guide covers filing requirements, property division, child custody, and more. - Published: 2025-12-11 - Modified: 2026-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorceguide/ Divorce Guide Skip to content YOUR NEXT CHAPTER A Guide To And Through Divorce Your browser does not support the video tag. Schedule Your Divorce Consultation → Download Your Digital Copy ↓ DIVORCE RESOURCES Everything you need to get the most out of your Divorce Planner. Where do I begin? A simple overview of the divorce timeline and first steps in Texas. Learn More → Top 100 Texas Divorce FAQs Answers to the most common questions clients ask about divorce, custody, and support. Learn More → Expert Insights on Divorce Short videos explaining key concepts - custody, child support, property division, mediation, and more. Watch Now → Download the Digital PDF Instantly download the full Divorce Planner: Your Next Chapter - A Guide To and Through Divorce. Download PDF → Your Next Chapter: The Video Series Explore short, chapter-by-chapter videos that walk you through the divorce process in Texas - hosted by our experienced family law attorneys. く く Further Reading & Helpful Guides Texas Supreme Court on Separate Property Tracing in Texas Divorce Read Article → Are We Dating the Same Guy? | The Legal Considerations of the Internet Sensation Read Article → Mediation in Amicable Divorces Read Article → Commingling of Funds in Marriage Read Article → Ready to take the next step? We're here to guide you through this chapter - and the next. Whether you need clarity, direction, or legal representation, our family law team is ready to help. Schedule Your Divorce Consultation Today → Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | SITEMAP | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Dallas Varghese Summersett – Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Houston Varghese Summersett Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More EnglishEspañol Criminal Personal Injury Family Criminal Family Personal Injury - Published: 2025-12-09 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-drug-lawyer/ Our Houston drug lawyer defends individuals charged with drug crimes in Harris County, from misdemeanor possession to federal trafficking conspiracies. If you're facing drug charges in Houston, the stakes are high. Texas has some of the strictest drug laws in the nation, and a conviction can mean prison time, devastating fines, and a permanent criminal record. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston drug defense attorneys have spent years fighting for clients in Harris County criminal courts. Our team includes former prosecutors who know how the state builds its cases and what it takes to dismantle them. We've helped hundreds of Houstonians avoid convictions, reduce charges, and protect their futures. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. Why Drug Charges in Houston Are Serious Harris County processes more criminal cases than almost any other jurisdiction in the United States. The Houston Police Department's operational summary for October 2025 shows 6,578 drug and narcotic violation arrests so far this year, a 1. 6% increase over 2024. The Harris County District Clerk reports approximately 48,000 pending felony cases in the system, with drug offenses representing a significant portion of that backlog. This volume creates both challenges and opportunities. Overworked prosecutors may be more willing to negotiate favorable outcomes. But it also means your case can get lost in the shuffle if you don't have aggressive representation ensuring it receives proper attention. The Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences received 22,938 cases involving seized drugs in 2024 alone, reflecting the sheer scale of drug-related investigations and prosecutions flowing through the Houston criminal justice system. Over 20% of pretrial detainees in Harris County are held on low-level, nonviolent drug offenses like simple possession. What Types of Drug Cases Do Houston Drug Lawyers Handle? Houston drug lawyers handle every type of drug offense under Texas and federal law. The specific charge you face depends on the substance involved, the quantity, and whether authorities believe you intended to sell or distribute. Possession charges are the most common drug cases in Harris County. Under Texas Health and Safety Code Chapter 481, possessing any controlled substance without a valid prescription is illegal. Penalties depend on which penalty group the drug falls into and how much you allegedly possessed. Drug trafficking and distribution cases carry far more severe consequences. Prosecutors pursue these charges when they believe you were selling drugs or intended to sell them. Evidence like scales, baggies, large amounts of cash, or multiple phones can lead prosecutors to pursue trafficking charges even if no actual sale occurred. Federal drug charges arise when cases involve crossing state lines, large quantities, organized criminal enterprises, or federal agency investigations. The DEA's Houston Division has been aggressive in 2025. In June, federal authorities arrested 23 individuals in a multi-jurisdictional operation spanning the Houston and Rio Grande Valley areas, seizing over 2,000 kilograms of methamphetamine and nearly $3 million in cash. How Texas Classifies Controlled Substances Texas law divides controlled substances into penalty groups based on their potential for abuse and accepted medical uses.... - Published: 2025-12-09 - Modified: 2025-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/intoxication-manslaughter-lawyer-houston/ Why You Need a Houston Intoxication Manslaughter Lawyer Immediately Intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony in Texas that carries 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. If you're facing this charge in Houston or Harris County, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney right now. Harris County prosecutes more DWI-related cases than almost anywhere else in the country. Public comments from the Harris County District Attorney's Office indicate that in 2023, thousands of DWI charges were filed county-wide, with at least 44 of those cases charged as intoxication manslaughter. Prosecutors here have deep experience building these cases, and they pursue them aggressively. You need a defense team that matches that experience. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have handled hundreds of intoxication-related cases across Texas, including intoxication manslaughter charges. We understand both the legal complexities and the human devastation these cases involve. We also know how Houston courts operate and where the prosecution's evidence is most vulnerable. What Is Intoxication Manslaughter Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, a person commits intoxication manslaughter if they operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated and, by reason of that intoxication, cause the death of another person. The prosecution must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt. First, the defendant was operating a motor vehicle. Second, they were intoxicated at the time. Third, their intoxication caused another person's death. That third element, causation, is where many Houston intoxication manslaughter cases are won or lost. The state must prove that intoxication, not just the accident itself, caused the death. This distinction matters more than most people realize, and it's where an experienced defense attorney can create reasonable doubt. How Texas Defines "Intoxicated" Texas law defines intoxication in two ways under Texas Penal Code § 49. 01. You're legally intoxicated if you have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08 or higher. You're also intoxicated if you've lost the normal use of your mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. This means Houston prosecutors can pursue intoxication manslaughter even if your BAC was below 0. 08. If they can show that any amount of alcohol or drugs impaired your ability to drive safely, and that impairment caused the crash, you can still be convicted. Intoxication Manslaughter Penalties in Texas Intoxication manslaughter is classified as a second-degree felony. The standard punishment range includes 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Fines can reach $10,000. Courts may order community supervision (probation), but this is never guaranteed in cases involving death. Enhanced Penalties Certain factors increase the punishment significantly. If a passenger in your vehicle was killed and that passenger was under 15 years old, the charge becomes a first-degree felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08(b). First-degree felonies carry 5 to 99 years in prison. Prior DWI convictions can also lead to enhanced sentencing. If you caused serious bodily injury to someone else in... > Our Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer explains what you need to know if you or a loved on has been in a serious accident. - Published: 2025-12-08 - Modified: 2026-03-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/ Why You Need a Fort Worth Motorcycle Accident Lawyer If you've been injured in a motorcycle accident in Fort Worth, you need an attorney who understands both the severe nature of these injuries and the bias motorcyclists often face from insurance companies. A skilled Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer can help you recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and long-term care needs that often accompany serious bike crashes. Motorcycle accidents differ from typical car wrecks in almost every way. The injuries are more catastrophic. The medical bills climb faster. And insurance adjusters frequently try to shift blame onto riders, even when the evidence clearly shows another driver was at fault. Having experienced legal representation levels the playing field. Motorcycle Accident Statistics in Fort Worth and Texas Texas leads the nation in motorcycle fatalities. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, 562 motorcyclists died on Texas roads in 2023, with thousands more suffering serious injuries. Tarrant County, which includes Fort Worth, consistently ranks among the state's most dangerous areas for riders. The numbers tell a grim story. Motorcyclists are 29 times more likely to die in a crash than passenger vehicle occupants, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. They're also four times more likely to suffer injuries. These statistics reflect a simple reality: when a 4,000-pound SUV collides with a 600-pound motorcycle, the rider absorbs the impact. Fort Worth's expanding highway system, including I-30, I-35W, and Loop 820, sees heavy motorcycle traffic year-round thanks to Texas's mild climate. More riders on the road means more exposure to negligent drivers who fail to check blind spots, run red lights, or make unsafe left turns directly into a motorcyclist's path. https://youtu. be/43FHS5bckKk Common Causes of Motorcycle Accidents in Fort Worth Understanding what caused your crash matters for your legal case. Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001, meaning you can recover damages as long as you're less than 51% responsible for the accident. The most common causes of motorcycle crashes in Fort Worth include: Left-Turn Collisions The single most dangerous scenario for motorcyclists occurs when a car or truck turns left at an intersection, directly into an oncoming motorcycle. Drivers often misjudge a motorcycle's speed or simply fail to see the smaller profile. These crashes frequently result in catastrophic injuries because the rider has almost no time to react. Lane-Change Accidents Motorcycles fit easily into vehicle blind spots. When drivers change lanes without properly checking mirrors or turning their heads, they can sideswipe riders or force them off the road entirely. On Fort Worth's busy highways, these accidents happen at high speeds with devastating consequences. Rear-End Collisions A rear-end collision that might cause minor whiplash in a car can throw a motorcyclist from their bike, causing traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, or death. Distracted driving, particularly texting, contributes heavily to these preventable crashes. Drunk and Impaired Driving Despite strict DWI laws in Texas, impaired drivers continue... - Published: 2025-12-08 - Modified: 2026-06-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-truck-accident-lawyer/ Why You Need a Fort Worth Truck Accident Lawyer After a Serious Collision If you or a loved one was injured in a truck accident in Fort Worth, you need an attorney who understands the unique complexities of commercial trucking cases. Unlike standard car accidents, collisions involving 18-wheelers, semi-trucks, and commercial vehicles involve federal regulations, multiple potentially liable parties, and insurance policies that can reach into the millions. The right Fort Worth truck accident lawyer can mean the difference between a settlement that barely covers your medical bills and compensation that actually reflects the life-altering harm you've suffered. Truck accidents in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex have increased significantly as freight traffic along I-20, I-35W, and I-30 continues to grow. Texas leads the nation in fatal large truck crashes, with the Texas Department of Transportation reporting over 800 deaths involving commercial vehicles in recent years. Fort Worth sits at the crossroads of major trucking corridors, making serious collisions an unfortunate reality for local families. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team has recovered millions for victims across Tarrant County and North Texas. We understand what's at stake when you're facing catastrophic injuries, mounting medical debt, and an uncertain future. What Makes Truck Accident Cases Different from Car Accidents Many people assume a truck accident claim works the same as any other car wreck. This misconception can cost victims hundreds of thousands of dollars in potential compensation. Commercial trucks weighing up to 80,000 pounds fully loaded create devastation that passenger vehicles simply cannot. The physics alone explain why truck accident injuries tend to be catastrophic: traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, multiple fractures, internal organ damage, and wrongful death. These cases require medical experts, accident reconstructionists, and economists to properly value the full scope of damages. Beyond the severity of injuries, truck accident cases involve layers of complexity that standard auto claims don't have. The trucking industry is governed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), which imposes strict regulations on everything from how many hours a driver can operate to how cargo must be secured. Violations of these federal rules can establish negligence and strengthen your case considerably. Insurance coverage is another major difference. While most Texas drivers carry minimum liability coverage of $30,000 per person, trucking companies are required to maintain policies ranging from $750,000 to $5 million depending on what they haul. This means there's typically more money available to compensate victims, but it also means trucking companies and their insurers fight harder to protect their bottom line. Common Causes of Truck Accidents in Fort Worth and North Texas Understanding what caused your accident matters because it determines who can be held responsible and what evidence your attorney needs to preserve. Driver Fatigue and Hours of Service Violations Federal law limits commercial drivers to 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty. Drivers cannot exceed 60 hours in seven days or 70 hours in eight days. Despite these rules, pressure to meet delivery deadlines pushes many... - Published: 2025-12-06 - Modified: 2026-01-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-criminal-defense-attorney/ Why Your Tarrant County Criminal Case Demands Local Expertise If you're facing criminal charges in Tarrant County, Texas, the attorney you choose can determine whether you walk away with your freedom or face years behind bars. Tarrant County prosecutors are aggressive, conviction rates are high, and the stakes couldn't be more personal. A Tarrant County criminal defense attorney who knows the local courts, judges, and prosecutors isn't a luxury. It's a necessity. Varghese Summersett has defended thousands of clients in the Tarrant County criminal justice system. Our Fort Worth office sits minutes from the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center, where we appear daily in felony and misdemeanor courts. That proximity matters because criminal defense isn't just about knowing the law. It's about knowing the players, the tendencies, and the unwritten rules that can make or break your case. How the Tarrant County Criminal Justice System Works Tarrant County is the third-largest county in Texas, with a population exceeding 2. 1 million people. The criminal court system here processes tens of thousands of cases annually, and the sheer volume creates both challenges and opportunities for defendants. The Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney's Office employs more than 100 prosecutors. These attorneys handle everything from Class B misdemeanors to capital murder cases. Unlike smaller counties where you might face the same prosecutor repeatedly, Tarrant County's size means cases often move between attorneys as they progress through the system. An experienced local defense attorney tracks these transitions and adjusts strategy accordingly. Tarrant County Criminal Courts at the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center All criminal courts in Tarrant County are located inside the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center at 401 W. Belknap Street in downtown Fort Worth. The building houses 10 misdemeanor courts and 10 felony courts, each with its own judge and staff. County Criminal Courts (Misdemeanors) Tarrant County has 10 County Criminal Courts that handle Class A and Class B misdemeanor cases. These courts see the bulk of DWI first offenses, assault charges, theft cases, and drug possession charges involving smaller amounts: County Criminal Court No. 1 (5th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 2 (6th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 3 (7th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 4 (5th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 5 (6th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 6 (8th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 7 (8th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 8 (7th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 9 (8th Floor) County Criminal Court No. 10 (6th Floor) District Courts (Felonies) Tarrant County has 10 District Courts that handle felony criminal matters, from state jail felonies to capital cases: Criminal District Court No. 1 (5th Floor) Criminal District Court No. 2 (6th Floor) Criminal District Court No. 3 (7th Floor) Criminal District Court No. 4 (8th Floor) 213th District Court (5th Floor) 297th District Court (5th Floor) 371st District Court (5th Floor) 372nd District Court (6th Floor) 396th District Court (6th Floor) 432nd District Court (7th Floor) 485th District Court (8th Floor) Each court has its own judge, and... - Published: 2025-12-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/black-personal-injury-lawyer-dallas/ Black Personal Injury Lawyer in Dallas: Meet Ty Stimpson at Varghese Summersett If you're looking for a Black personal injury lawyer in Dallas who will fight relentlessly for your rights, Ty Stimpson at Varghese Summersett is exactly who you need in your corner. As the partner who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division, Ty brings a unique combination of prosecutorial experience, trial-tested tenacity, and deep roots in the DFW community to every case he handles. At Varghese Summersett, we believe your attorney should reflect your values, understand your perspective, and fight like your future depends on it. Because it does. Ty Stimpson has built his entire career around that principle, recovering compensation for victims of car accidents, 18-wheeler wrecks, motorcycle crashes, wrongful death, and other serious injuries throughout the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and across Texas. Why Representation Matters in Personal Injury Cases Finding an attorney you can trust with your personal injury case isn't just about legal credentials. It's about finding someone who genuinely understands what you're going through and will advocate for the full measure of what you've suffered. Research has consistently shown that racial disparities exist in how injury victims are treated by insurance companies and within the legal system itself. Studies reveal that African Americans are sometimes perceived as experiencing less pain than other groups, a bias that can affect settlement offers and jury awards. Having an African American personal injury lawyer who recognizes these dynamics and knows how to combat them can make a meaningful difference in your case outcome. Ty Stimpson doesn't just understand these challenges academically. He's devoted his career to ensuring every client receives the respect, attention, and aggressive representation they deserve. As a past president of the L. Clifford Davis Legal Association (the African American bar association serving Dallas and Tarrant counties), Ty has spent years championing equal access to justice for communities that have historically been underserved. About Ty Stimpson: A Native Texan Fighting for His Community Ty Stimpson's path to becoming one of North Texas's most respected personal injury attorneys wasn't a straight line. It was forged through hard work, resilience, and a refusal to let circumstances define his future. The youngest of three siblings, Ty grew up in Arlington, raised by a single mother. The family of four lived in a one-bedroom apartment. Rather than seeing those humble beginnings as limitations, Ty used them as fuel. He earned a football scholarship to Baylor University, where he played linebacker as a walk-on and learned the discipline and mental toughness that would later serve him in the courtroom. A chance encounter during a New York internship changed everything. After striking up a conversation with an attorney who had worked for the New York Yankees, Ty called his mother that same day. She immediately went to Barnes & Noble, bought LSAT prep books, and shipped them to him. That moment of inspiration launched a legal career that would eventually bring Ty back to North Texas to serve his community. Ty earned his... - Published: 2025-12-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-assault-lawyer/ An assault charge in Denton County can result in jail time, fines up to $10,000, and a permanent criminal record that affects employment, housing, and professional licensing. Texas prosecutors take assault cases seriously, and the consequences depend on the specific charge, whether it involves a family member, and whether weapons or serious injuries are alleged. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We understand the fear and uncertainty you're experiencing right now. Our Denton County assault lawyers will analyze every aspect of your case, challenge the evidence against you, and work toward the best possible outcome. What Qualifies as Assault Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code § 22. 01 defines assault more broadly than many people realize. You don't have to throw a punch or cause visible injury to face assault charges. Under Texas law, assault occurs when a person: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another person Threatens another person with imminent bodily injury Causes physical contact that the person knows or should know the other will find offensive or provocative That third category surprises many defendants. Pushing someone, spitting on them, or even poking them in the chest can technically constitute assault if the contact was offensive. This broad definition gives prosecutors flexibility in filing charges, which makes having a knowledgeable Denton County assault lawyer on your side essential. Bodily Injury vs. Serious Bodily Injury The distinction between bodily injury and serious bodily injury dramatically affects the severity of charges. Bodily injury means physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition. A bruise, a scratch, or even temporary pain qualifies. Serious bodily injury involves a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of any body part or organ. When prosecutors allege serious bodily injury, charges escalate from misdemeanor assault to aggravated assault under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02. This elevation can mean the difference between probation and a lengthy prison sentence. What Are the Different Types of Assault Charges in Texas? Texas classifies assault offenses across the full spectrum of criminal charges, from Class C misdemeanors to first-degree felonies. The specific charge depends on factors including the severity of injury, the relationship between the parties, whether a weapon was used, and the alleged victim's occupation. Assault by Contact (Class C Misdemeanor) Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(3), assault by contact occurs when someone intentionally causes physical contact with another person knowing they will find it offensive or provocative. This is the lowest level assault charge in Texas. Despite being a Class C misdemeanor (the same level as a traffic ticket), it still creates a criminal record that can affect employment, housing, and professional licensing. Penalties include a fine up to $500 with no jail time. However, if the offense involves a family member, household member, or dating partner, it becomes assault family violence, which carries enhanced consequences even at the Class C level. Assault Causing Bodily Injury... > Get trusted guidance from an experienced Denton child support lawyer. Helping North Texas parents with support orders, modifications, and enforcement. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-12-03 - Modified: 2025-12-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-child-support-lawyer/ When parents separate or divorce, making sure children are financially supported becomes one of the most important, and sometimes challenging, issues to navigate. Child support in Texas is calculated using percentage guidelines applied to the paying parent's net monthly resources, as set forth in Chapter 154 of the Texas Family Code. As of September 1, 2025, Texas increased the child support cap from $9,200 to $11,700 in monthly net resources, meaning parents can now pay or receive significantly higher guideline support amounts. For one child, the guideline amount is 20% of net resources up to $2,340 per month, with percentages increasing for additional children. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton child support lawyers understand that child support matters affect both parents' financial stability and play a critical role in ensuring their child's needs are met. Our team has extensive experience navigating Denton County family courts and handling every aspect of child support. We've successfully established, modified, and enforced child support orders to ensure that children are properly supported and financial responsibilities are fairly divided between parents. In this article, we explain what you need to know about child support in Denton County — from how it's calculated, to when and how to seek modifications, to enforcing unpaid obligations. Child Support in Denton Child support is a financial obligation — usually court-ordered — requiring one or both parents to contribute toward the costs of raising a child. In Texas, and specifically in Denton County, child support typically continues until the child turns 18 or graduates from high school, whichever comes later. There are, however, certain situations that may end child support earlier. These include the child becoming emancipated, enlisting in the military, getting married (with emancipation), passing away, or if a court-ordered genetic test determines the paying parent is not the biological parent. In some cases, child support can extend indefinitely — particularly when a child has a disability that began before the age of 18 and prevents them from becoming self-sufficient. The Texas Family Code provides baseline guidelines for calculating child support based on a percentage of the paying parent's net income. However, the court has the discretion to adjust this amount. If the guideline support is not sufficient to meet the child's needs — such as in cases involving high medical or educational expenses — the court can increase the obligation. Conversely, if the amount is too burdensome given the parent's financial circumstances, the court may approve a lower amount. A Denton Child support lawyer can help you determine whether guideline or adjusted support is most appropriate for your case, and ensure your child's financial needs are addressed fairly under the law. How Child Support Is Calculated in Texas Texas uses a straightforward percentage-based guideline system under Section 154. 125 of the Texas Family Code. The court calculates child support by determining the paying parent's net monthly resources, then applying the appropriate percentage based on the number of children before the court. Net resources include all income from wages, salary,... > Protect what matters most. Call 817-203-2220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced Denton Child Custody Lawyer today. - Published: 2025-12-03 - Modified: 2025-12-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-child-custody-lawyer/ Child custody in Texas is legally termed "conservatorship" and is governed by Chapter 153 of the Texas Family Code. Texas law presumes that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators serves the child's best interest, meaning both parents share most decision-making rights about the child's upbringing. However, joint managing conservatorship does not guarantee equal parenting time — the court still designates one parent's residence as the child's primary residence and establishes a possession schedule that may give one parent significantly more time with the child. At Varghese Summersett, our Denton child custody lawyers understand that conservatorship disputes affect the most important relationship in your life — the one with your child. Our team of experienced family law attorneys brings extensive experience navigating Denton County family courts and protecting parents' rights while prioritizing children's stability and well-being. We've successfully represented parents in initial custody determinations, modifications, enforcement actions, and complex cases involving relocation, family violence allegations, and high-conflict co-parenting situations. In this article, we will explain how child custody works in Texas and what Denton County parents need to know. Understanding Texas Conservatorship: Joint vs. Sole Managing Conservator Texas uses specific legal terminology that differs from the traditional "custody" language used in other states. Understanding these terms is essential to navigating your case and knowing what outcomes are possible. Joint Managing Conservatorship Joint managing conservatorship means both parents share the rights and duties of a parent, with certain exclusive rights assigned to one parent by the court. Texas Family Code Section 153. 074 creates a rebuttable presumption that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators is in the child's best interest. Despite the name, joint managing conservatorship does not mean equal parenting time. One parent is typically designated as the parent who establishes the child's primary residence, and that parent usually has the child during the school week while the other parent follows a possession schedule for specific weekends, holidays, and summer periods. Rights commonly shared between joint managing conservators include the right to receive information from schools and healthcare providers, the right to consult with the other parent about significant decisions, and the right to attend school activities and extracurricular events. Exclusive rights typically assigned to the primary conservator include the right to designate the child's primary residence (often within a specific geographic area), the right to consent to medical and dental care (except in emergencies), and the right to make educational decisions. Sole Managing Conservatorship Sole managing conservatorship concentrates decision-making authority with one parent and is reserved for situations where evidence demonstrates that joint conservatorship would significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional development. Section 153. 004 lists specific circumstances that overcome the joint conservatorship presumption, including credible evidence of a history or pattern of family violence, evidence of child abuse or neglect, or clear and convincing evidence that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators would significantly impair the child's wellbeing. Even in sole managing conservatorship cases, the other parent typically retains possessory conservator status with defined... > Injured in Dallas? Varghese Summersett’s Dallas personal injury lawyers handle car wrecks, truck accidents, wrongful death, and catastrophic injury claims. Free consultation. - Published: 2025-12-03 - Modified: 2026-05-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-personal-injury-lawyer/ If you've been seriously injured in Dallas because of someone else's negligence, you need more than a lawyer. You need a team that understands how much is at stake and has the resources to fight for everything your case is worth. The Dallas personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett represent people whose lives have been upended by the reckless, careless, or dangerous actions of others — from catastrophic car wrecks on I-35E to fatal workplace accidents at industrial sites across Dallas County. We handle every case on a contingency fee basis, which means you pay nothing unless we win. A serious injury doesn't just hurt physically. It changes the rhythm of your life. It makes routine things — getting dressed, driving your kids to school, doing your job — suddenly impossible or agonizing. Bills start arriving before you've even had time to process what happened. And while you're trying to hold your life together, the insurance company for the person who hurt you is already working to pay you as little as possible. That's where we come in. Varghese Summersett brings the trial experience, the financial resources, and the insider knowledge of how insurance companies operate to level the playing field from day one. Legally Reviewed By: Benson Varghese, Managing Partner | Board Certified in Criminal Law, Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Benson reviews all content on this page for legal accuracy. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Dallas Injury Claim? The law firm you choose after an injury determines how seriously the other side takes your case. Insurance adjusters know which firms settle cheap and which ones will take them to trial. At Varghese Summersett, we have built a reputation in Dallas County and across Texas as a firm that prepares every case for the courtroom — and follows through when the other side refuses to do right by our clients. Our team has recovered millions in settlements and verdicts for injured Texans. We've earned recognition from Best Lawyers in America® and maintain a 4. 9-star rating across more than 1,296 Google reviews from past clients — people who trusted us during the worst moments of their lives and felt the difference a dedicated team makes. Our firm has been recognized as a Best Law Firm by Best Lawyers and was named a 2025 Best Places to Work by the Dallas Business Journal. Those distinctions reflect who we are: a firm that attracts top legal talent because of how we practice law and how we treat the people we serve. What gives us an edge starts with our founding partner. Benson Varghese is Board Certified in Criminal Law, has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, and — critically for personal injury clients — worked as an insurance adjuster before attending law school. He also interned for an insurance defense firm during law school. That means the strategies insurance companies use to minimize, delay, and deny claims aren't a mystery to our team. We've seen them from the... > Understanding how divorce works in Denton County. Call for a consultation with a Board Certified Denton County divorce attorney. - Published: 2025-12-01 - Modified: 2026-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-divorce-attorney/ Denton County ranks as the 6th busiest divorce court in Texas, handling thousands of cases each year. The outcomes vary dramatically based on preparation, strategy, and legal representation. Whether you're facing a straightforward uncontested divorce or a complex case involving substantial assets, custody disputes, or a spouse who won't cooperate, understanding how divorce works in Denton County is the first step toward protecting what matters most. Our Denton County Divorce Lawyer is experienced in handling everything from uncontested divorces to high-conflict divorces that can only be resolved through trial. Filing for divorce in Denton County requires at least one spouse to have lived in Texas for six months and in Denton County for 90 days. Once you file, Texas law mandates a 60-day waiting period before your divorce can be finalized. While these requirements apply to everyone, the decisions you make during the divorce process will shape your financial future, your relationship with your children, and your ability to move forward with your life. Divorce in Denton County: By the Numbers Denton County sees significant divorce activity. According to data from the Texas Department of State Health Services Vital Statistics Section, the county averaged 2,784 divorces per year during the 2015-2017 period, accounting for 4. 04% of all divorces filed statewide. That volume places Denton County 6th among all 254 Texas counties for divorce filings. Denton County Divorce Statistics Metric Denton County Statewide Rank #6 in Texas Annual Divorces (Average) 2,784 Per Capita Rate 3. 45 per 1,000 residents Texas State Average 2. 47 per 1,000 residents Divorces Involving Children 47. 3% (vs. 44% statewide) The data reveals something significant: Denton County's per capita divorce rate of 3. 45 per 1,000 residents is 39. 8% higher than the Texas state average. Nearly half of all Denton County divorces (47. 3%) involve minor children, compared to 44% statewide. These numbers underscore why having experienced legal representation matters. When children are involved, the stakes extend far beyond property division. Source: Texas Department of State Health Services, Vital Statistics Section; U. S. Census Bureau population estimates. Video Series: Ask Our Denton County Divorce Lawyer Anything https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=fxrUcPYBFwo&list=PLwKVUzTK602-ScqdtsEAhaYUDtlHeOGlj Residency Requirements for Filing in Denton County Before filing for divorce in Denton County, you must meet two residency requirements under the Texas Family Code. First, at least one spouse must have been a resident of Texas for six continuous months before filing. Second, at least one spouse must have lived in Denton County for 90 continuous days before filing. These requirements exist to establish proper jurisdiction. If you recently moved to Denton County from another Texas county, you'll need to wait until you've lived here for 90 days. If you recently moved to Texas from another state, you'll need to wait until you've been in Texas for six months. However, if your spouse meets the residency requirements and you don't, either of you can still file in Denton County. Military families face unique residency considerations. If you or your spouse is stationed in... > Facing an assault charge? Your liberty could be on the line. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth assault lawyer. - Published: 2025-11-20 - Modified: 2026-05-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-assault-lawyer/ Fort Worth Assault Lawyer | Board Certified Criminal Defense Skip to content Skip to main content Varghese Summersett Call (817) 203-2220 Call Now Home Criminal Defense Fort Worth Assault Lawyer N° 01 Fort Worth Assault Lawyer Fort Worth Assault LawyersBoard Certified Criminal Defense By Benson Varghese, Board Certified in Criminal Law Reviewed by Anna Summersett Updated May 27, 2026 An assault charge is not an assault conviction. Your fight is ours. Proven · Tarrant County Our Fort Worth assault lawyers have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our criminal practice, backed by 100+ jury trials and Board Certified criminal law specialists. 1,600+ Dismissals 800+ Charge Reductions 100+ Jury Trials 70+ Legal Professionals Call (817) 203-2220 → Free Consultation → If you are facing an assault charge in Fort Worth, you could be looking at jail time, a permanent criminal record, and consequences that follow you for years. Whether the charge is a Class C misdemeanor or a first-degree felony, the outcome depends on the defense strategy behind it. We defend assault cases in Tarrant County every day, and we know how local prosecutors build them and how to take them apart. Varghese Summersett is a Fort Worth criminal defense firm with more than 100 years of combined experience. Our team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists and former Tarrant County prosecutors. Our office at 300 Throckmorton Street sits steps from the courthouse, so we are in front of these judges and prosecutors constantly. As seen on The New York Times Forbes Reuters Texas Monthly Fox 4 WFAA What You Need to Know Texas defines assault broadly. You do not have to injure anyone. A threat or an offensive touch can be enough under Texas Penal Code § 22.01. Assault ranges from a Class C misdemeanor (fine only) to a first-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life). The enhancements that turn a misdemeanor into a felony catch people by surprise. The State has to prove every element beyond a reasonable doubt. Break one element and the case can fall apart. An alleged victim cannot drop the charges. Only the prosecutor can, which is why early defense work matters. Talk to a lawyer before you talk to police. A single statement can undermine your strongest defense. N° 02 The Law What Is Assault Under Texas Law? Texas defines assault more broadly than most people expect. Under Texas Penal Code § 22.01, you do not have to physically strike someone to face an assault charge in Texas. The statute covers three types of conduct: Causing bodily injury. Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition to another person, including a spouse. Under Texas Penal Code § 1.07(a)(8), even minor pain satisfies the legal definition of bodily injury. Threatening imminent bodily injury. Intentionally or knowingly threatening another person with imminent bodily harm. No physical contact is required. Offensive or provocative contact. Intentionally or knowingly causing physical contact that you know or should know... > Facing DWI charges in Denton County? Former prosecutor now defends clients in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound. Free consultation. Call our Denton County DWI Lawyer: 940-252-2220. - Published: 2025-11-19 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-dwi-lawyer/ A DWI charge in Denton County can cost you your license, your job, and up to six months in jail for a first offense. The Denton County District Attorney's office has a dedicated DWI Unit that prosecutes these cases aggressively. You need a lawyer who knows how to fight back. Our experienced DWI lawyers defend people charged with driving while intoxicated in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, The Colony, Highland Village, and throughout Denton County. As former prosecutors, we understand exactly how the State builds its cases, what evidence they rely on, and where the weaknesses often hide. This article explains the law, the punishment, how DWI cases move through Denton County courts, and answers common questions. If you've been arrested for DWI in Denton County, time is critical. Contact our office today for a free consultation and let us start building your defense immediately. In short: Denton County DWI cases are filed at the courts building on McKinney Street in Denton, and the county has a reputation for thorough DWI prosecution. You have 15 days to request the hearing that protects your license. A first offense is a Class B misdemeanor, and outcomes turn on the stop, the field tests, and the blood or breath evidence. Here is how these cases work in Denton County and how we defend them. Why Are Denton County DWI Cases Different? Denton County has become one of the toughest jurisdictions in North Texas for DWI prosecution. The Denton County District Attorney's office operates a specialized DWI Unit that handles these cases from start to finish. These prosecutors don't handle DWIs occasionally. They handle them every single day. The county uses a standardized blood draw protocol at local hospitals and works closely with police departments in Denton, Lewisville, Flower Mound, and surrounding cities. During holidays and major events, Denton County runs a "No Refusal" program. If you refuse a breath or blood test during these periods, officers will seek a warrant from an on-call judge. Within hours, they can legally take your blood by force. A skilled Denton County DWI lawyer can challenge both the warrant process and the blood test results. Our experience as former prosecutors gives us insight into how these cases are built and where they can be dismantled. What Is the Legal Definition of DWI in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, you can be charged with DWI if you operate a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. Texas defines intoxication two ways: having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08 or higher, or not having the normal use of your mental or physical faculties due to alcohol or drugs. That second definition matters because you can be convicted of DWI even if your BAC is below 0. 08. Prosecutors just need to prove you lost normal use of your mental or physical abilities. This is why field sobriety tests and officer observations become critical evidence. Texas law also recognizes enhanced DWI offenses. If your BAC... > Mary Ellen Pratt is the Marketing Associate at Varghese Summersett, where she leads social media and content creation to elevate the firm’s brand across all platforms. - Published: 2025-11-18 - Modified: 2025-11-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/mary-ellen-pratt/ Marketing Associate Mary Ellen Pratt is the Marketing Associate at Varghese Summersett, where she brings energy, creativity, and strategy to every aspect of her role. She manages social media campaigns, develops engaging content for both digital and print platforms, and increases the firm's visibility through events and sponsorships for all three divisions across all four office locations. With a sharp eye for design and a natural talent for storytelling, Mary Ellen helps shape and share the firm's voice while supporting its dynamic marketing initiatives. A true team player, she approaches each project with a positive attitude and a collaborative spirit that contributes to successful campaigns and lasting impressions. Background Mary Ellen was raised in Tomball, Texas, a suburb of Houston, and spent summers in Abbeville, Louisiana, where much of her family resides. She graduated from Tomball Memorial High School, where she was First Lieutenant of the drill team and a member of numerous clubs, including yearbook, National Honor Society, and the Sign Language Club. Outgoing and driven, she was one of those rare students who genuinely loved going to school every day. Mary Ellen went on to attend Texas Christian University, earning a degree in Criminal Justice and Communications. While at TCU, she served as president of her sorority, Gamma Phi Beta, and danced competitively as a member of the university's Elite Dance Team. During her junior year, she interned with the marketing team at Varghese Summersett, where her talent and initiative led to a full-time offer after graduation. Prior to joining the firm, she also worked in Washington, D. C. , in the U. S. Capitol under Congresswoman Kay Granger, then-head of the House Appropriations Committee. When she's not working, Mary Ellen enjoys reality TV, dancing, traveling, and spending time with her family. Fun Fact: Mary Ellen and her family are hobbyist beekeepers, and she often gifts friends and colleagues with delicious homemade honey. > Looking for a motorcycle accident lawyer near me? Our team fights for Texas riders suffering life-altering injuries due to negligence. Free consultation. No upfront cost. - Published: 2025-11-16 - Modified: 2025-11-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/motorcyle-accident-lawyer-near-me/ The freedom of riding a motorcycle through Texas comes with sobering risks. In 2024 alone, 581 motorcyclists lost their lives on Texas roads, with more than 2,530 suffering serious injuries. Busy intersections, high-speed interstates, and dense urban traffic create constant hazards for riders who face threats at every merge and turn. When a motorcycle accident occurs, the consequences are often catastrophic. Unlike drivers protected by steel frames and airbags, motorcyclists are exposed to the full force of impact. What might be a fender bender for a car can become a life-changing tragedy for a rider. If you've been injured in a motorcycle crash caused by someone else's negligence, finding an experienced motorcycle accident lawyer near me should be your first priority. Understanding your legal rights isn't just important — it's essential to your recovery. In this article, the experienced personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett explain Texas motorcycle laws, the most common accidents, and what you should do if you or a loved one has been injured in a motorcycle accident. The Alarming Reality of Motorcycle Accidents in Texas Texas consistently ranks among the most dangerous states for motorcyclists in America. The numbers paint a stark picture of the risks riders face every time they start their engines. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, at least one motorcyclist dies every single day on Texas roads—a tragic streak that has continued for more than two decades. In 2023, Texas recorded 599 motorcycle fatalities and 2,483 serious injuries. The trend is moving in the wrong direction: motorcycle deaths increased by 7% from 2022 to 2023, while fatal intersection crashes jumped by a staggering 21%. Intersections pose the greatest threat to motorcyclists. More than 40% of fatal motorcycle crashes in Texas occur at intersections, primarily when drivers making left turns fail to see oncoming motorcycles or misjudge their speed. These T-bone collisions often result in the most severe injuries or death. Understanding Texas Motorcycle Laws Texas law establishes specific requirements for motorcycle operation, and understanding these regulations is crucial for both safety and legal protection after an accident. Helmet Requirements Under Texas Law Texas Transportation Code Section 661. 003 requires all motorcycle operators and passengers to wear protective headgear that meets Department of Public Safety safety standards. However, the law provides exemptions for riders who meet specific criteria. Riders 21 years of age or older may ride without a helmet if they satisfy one of two conditions: they have successfully completed a motorcycle operator training and safety course approved by the Texas Department of Public Safety, or they are covered by a health insurance plan that provides at least $10,000 in medical benefits for injuries incurred in a motorcycle accident. Critically, under Section 661. 003(c-1), peace officers cannot stop or detain a motorcyclist solely to determine whether they qualify for the helmet exemption. However, if stopped for another reason, officers may request proof of the safety course completion or insurance coverage. Despite the legal exemptions, the safety data is unequivocal. According to... > Accused of drug possession in Houston or the surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Houston drug possession lawyer. 281-805-2220 - Published: 2025-11-04 - Modified: 2025-11-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-drug-possession-lawyer/ Drug possession in Texas means having actual care, custody, or control of a controlled substance without a valid prescription under the Texas Controlled Substances Act, Health and Safety Code Chapter 481. Penalties range from a $500 fine for small amounts of marijuana to life in prison for possession of large quantities of substances like cocaine or methamphetamine. The specific charge depends on the penalty group classification of the drug and the amount found in your possession. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston defense attorneys understand that being charged with drug possession can devastate your life, career, and future opportunities. Attorney Mike Hanson leads our Houston office and brings extensive experience defending drug cases in Harris County and Fort Bend County courts. We've successfully challenged illegal searches, negotiated pretrial diversion for first-time offenders, and secured dismissals based on insufficient evidence and constitutional violations. If you or a loved one has been arrested for drug possession in Houston, it’s crucial to consult with an experienced Houston drug possession lawyer as soon as possible. At Varghese Summersett, we provide strategic, aggressive defense tailored to the specifics of your case. What Constitutes Drug Possession Under Texas Law? Texas law defines possession broadly under Health and Safety Code Section 481. 002. You possess a controlled substance when you have actual care, custody, control, or management over it. Prosecutors can prove possession through actual physical possession — drugs found on your person or in your pocket, for example — or constructive possession, where drugs are found in an area you control, such as your vehicle, home, or workplace. Constructive possession cases require prosecutors to prove you knew the drugs were present and that you exercised control over them. This becomes critical in cases involving multiple occupants of a vehicle or shared living spaces. Simply being present where drugs are found doesn't automatically make you guilty of possession. The prosecution must also prove you knowingly possessed the substance. If you genuinely didn't know drugs were in your vehicle or that a prescription medication belonged to someone else, you may have a viable defense to possession charges. An experienced Houston drug possession Lawyer will evaluate whether prosecutors can truly establish knowledge and control, especially in cases involving multiple individuals or shared spaces. https://youtu. be/lwepnD7SMqA Texas Drug Penalty Groups Explained Texas classifies controlled substances into penalty groups that determine charge severity and potential punishment. Understanding which penalty group applies to your case is essential because it directly impacts whether you face misdemeanor or felony charges. Penalty Group 1 Penalty Group 1 includes the most serious drugs with high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. This group contains cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, GHB, ketamine, and rohypnol. Even small amounts trigger felony charges with severe penalties. Penalty Group 1-A This category specifically covers LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide). Penalties for LSD possession follow similar structures to Penalty Group 1 but use different quantity measurements due to the drug's typical dosing. Penalty Group 1-B Penalty Group 1-B in Texas is specifically reserved for... > Anna Hall is a case manager in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, bringing nearly two decades of experience to the team. - Published: 2025-10-22 - Modified: 2025-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/anna-hall/ Case Manager Anna Hall is a Case Manager in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, where she works closely with attorneys, clients, and medical providers to ensure every client receives the care, communication, and compensation they deserve. Anna has worked in the legal field for nearly two decades, guiding countless clients through challenging times and helping them recover physically, emotionally, and financially after serious accidents or the wrongful death of a loved one. Fluent in both English and Spanish, Anna communicates effectively with clients from diverse backgrounds, including many in the Hispanic community. She is committed to ensuring that every client fully understands the personal injury claims process and feels supported from the initial consultation to the final resolution of their case. Background Born and raised in the tiny town of Mertzon — population less than 1,000 — Anna grew up in a community where everyone knew everyone. That upbringing instilled in her a strong sense of responsibility and service. A graduate of Irion County High School, she was a multi-sport athlete who excelled in basketball and track, making it to regionals as a sprinter. Anna moved to Dallas in 1996 in search of greater opportunities and has called North Texas home ever since. Over the years, she worked for the cities of Arlington and Dallas before discovering her passion for the legal field. After earning a paralegal certification, Anna began working in personal injury law more than 16 years ago. She has since built a successful career managing cases and providing hands-on support to clients during some of the most difficult times in their lives. Prior to joining Varghese Summersett, she worked for respected firms where she handled a wide range of personal injury matters. A wife, mother of six, and grandmother of four, Anna has a deep understanding of perseverance and compassion. She takes great pride in helping injured Texans move forward with their lives. In her free time, Anna enjoys reading and listening to podcasts — especially those with dark twists or unexpected turns. A self-proclaimed crime junkie, she’s always on the lookout for her next crime show. Fun Fact: Anna is a die-hard football fan and loves every level of play — from flag, to college, to professional. > Cassidy Terrazas is an Associate in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division. Call 817-203-2220 to schedule a consultation. - Published: 2025-10-14 - Modified: 2025-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/cassidy-terrazas/ Cassidy Terrazas Associate Cassidy Terrazas is an Associate in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she guides individuals and families through life-changing legal matters, including divorce, child custody, and property division. Having experienced the impact of family separation as a child, Cassidy is deeply committed to helping others find stability and hope on the other side of conflict and transition. Cassidy's sharp analytical mind and meticulous attention to detail make her an exceptional advocate for her clients. She approaches each case with precision, strategy, and a deep understanding of the emotional and legal challenges families face. With her training as a mediator, she brings a balanced, solution-oriented perspective to every matter, helping clients navigate conflict with clarity and confidence. Her ability to combine intellect with compassion allows her to design strategies that protect her clients' best interests and long-term well-being. A California native, Cassidy grew up in Visalia in the state's Central Valley, where she developed a strong sense of independence and determination at an early age. While attending University Preparatory High School — a dual-enrollment public charter school located on the campus of the College of the Sequoias — she graduated early with an associate's degree in Liberal Arts with an Area Emphasis in Social and Behavioral Sciences. Cassidy later relocated to Texas, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology with a minor in Sociology from the University of Texas at Arlington. During her undergraduate studies, she interned with well-known attorneys and within the judiciary, gaining valuable firsthand experience in preparation for law school. Cassidy's passion for family law began early and runs deep. As a child of divorce, she spent much of her youth in and out of courtrooms — experiences that gave her a unique, personal understanding of the emotional toll family disputes can take. Rather than turning away from that reality, Cassidy leaned into it. From an early age, she knew she wanted to become a family lawyer. Cassidy earned her Doctor of Jurisprudence from Texas Tech University School of Law, where she distinguished herself both academically and professionally. While in law school, she remained active on the school's national mock trial team and even studied abroad in Seville, Spain, studying International and Comparative Family Law. Immediately after graduation, she began her legal career at Varghese Summersett, where she had previously interned and made a strong impression with her legal acumen, work ethic, and passion for family law. Beyond her legal work, Cassidy is deeply committed to community involvement. She is an active volunteer with Big Brothers Big Sisters, where she mentors youth and is especially committed to empowering young people, particularly women, to realize their full potential. In her free time, Cassidy enjoys spending time with her rescue dog, Effie, volunteering in the community, crocheting, and reading. Fun Fact: Cassidy is fluent in American Sign Language (ASL). https://youtu. be/taHlezBRw0w Education Texas Tech University School of Law, Doctor of Jurisprudence University of Texas at Arlington, B. A. in Psychology, Minor in Sociology College of... > Taylor Brumbaugh is an Associate in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, where she helps clients who have been injured or lost loved ones due to negligence. - Published: 2025-10-13 - Modified: 2025-11-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/taylor-brumbaugh/ Taylor Brumbaugh Associate Taylor Brumbaugh is an Associate in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, where she helps clients who have been injured or lost loved ones due to the negligent or wrongful acts of others. With a passion for advocacy and sharp strategic focus, Taylor ensures that each case is built with strength and precision from the outset. Known for her meticulous legal research, persuasive writing, and skilled negotiation, Taylor is dedicated to making a meaningful difference in clients’ lives — especially during times of crisis. As a skilled attorney on the personal injury team, Taylor helps clients navigate the complex legal system with clarity, empathy, and resolve, positioning their cases for maximum recovery. Taylor’s legal career actually began at Varghese Summersett many years ago when she landed a position as a client relations specialist after college, even before applying to law school. Her determination, intelligence, and work ethic quickly set her apart — and it became clear that Varghese Summersett wouldn’t be a stepping stone for Taylor, but the path to becoming a leading attorney here. Taylor is a true team player at the firm, always ready to collaborate with colleagues across divisions and step in wherever she’s needed to advance the firm’s mission of delivering exceptional results for clients. Background Taylor grew up in Bedford and graduated from L. D. Bell High School, where she served as captain of the cheerleading team and was an active participant in both competitive and school cheer. After high school, Taylor attended Texas Christian University, where she earned a bachelor’s degree in journalism with a minor in business. Although she initially planned to pursue a career in journalism, the pandemic changed everything — giving her the time to study for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) and ultimately pursue her dream of becoming an attorney. Determined to gain valuable experience at a law firm before law school, Taylor joined Varghese Summersett as a client relations specialist — walking in one day, unannounced, with a resume in hand. Her initiative paid off. She worked here for a year and a half before attending Texas Tech University School of Law, where she excelled. During her time in law school, she returned to Varghese Summersett each summer to intern, gaining valuable experience in multiple practice areas. It was during her second summer that she discovered her niche in personal injury law — a field that perfectly aligned with her strengths and passions. She accepted a full-time offer with the firm after graduating and becoming a licensed attorney. Now, as an attorney, Taylor brings the same tenacity and client-first approach that first got her foot in the door, using her early experience at the firm to anticipate clients’ needs and help them feel supported from day one. In her free time, Taylor enjoys yoga, traveling, and hitting the slopes in Colorado each winter with her dad. Fun Fact: Taylor makes handmade pasta and has made it her life’s mission to memorize every recipe passed down from... > Arrested in Irving, Texas, on suspicion of DWI? Don't let this moment define your life. Call 214-903-4000. today for a free consult with an experienced Irving DWI lawyer. - Published: 2025-10-03 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/irving-texas-dwi-lawyer/ A DWI arrest in Irving can feel overwhelming, but the arrest itself doesn't have to determine your future. At Varghese Summersett, our lawyers have successfully defended hundreds of clients facing drunk driving charges throughout Dallas County. With former prosecutors, board-certified legal specialists, and over 1,200 five-star reviews, we bring the trial experience and personalized attention that your case deserves. In this article and video, we walk you through the steps you need to take if you're stopped on suspicion of DWI, what you should do afterward to start protecting your future, and why contacting an experienced Irving DWI lawyer as soon as possible is crucial. Time is of the essence. https://youtu. be/Km1ANE_3IbM In short: An Irving DWI arrest usually means booking through the Irving city jail, then a case filed with Dallas County at the Frank Crowley Courts Building. You have 15 days to protect your license. Irving police patrol heavily around Las Colinas, State Highway 114, and Loop 12, and most cases turn on the stop, the field tests, and the blood evidence. Here is what to expect and how we defend Irving DWI cases. What to Do If You're Arrested for DWI in Irving: 5 Critical Steps The steps you take immediately after a DWI arrest can significantly impact the outcome of your case. Whether you were arrested in Las Colinas, Valley Ranch, or anywhere in Irving, following these critical steps will protect your rights and strengthen your defense. 1. Exercise your right to remain silent. First and foremost, remain calm and polite with the officers. While you should never resist arrest or become argumentative, you also have constitutional rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. Exercise these rights respectfully but firmly. Be courteous with officers, but do not discuss the details of your case or answer questions about drinking without an attorney present. 2. Request an ALR hearing within 15 days. You have only 15 days from your arrest to challenge the automatic suspension of your driver's license through an Administrative License Revocation hearing. Missing this deadline means your license will be automatically suspended, so time is of the essence. At Varghese Summersett, we will handle the ALR hearing for you. 3. Do not discuss your case with anyone except your attorney. This cannot be stressed enough: anything you say can be used against you in court. Do not talk about the details of your case with jail staff, other inmates, friends, or family, especially on recorded jail phone lines. All jail calls are monitored and recorded, and prosecutors routinely use these conversations as evidence. 4. Document everything while details are fresh. Before memories fade, write down everything you remember about the traffic stop and arrest. Document what the officer said, how the field sobriety tests were conducted, whether you were read your Miranda rights, the weather and road conditions, and any other observations you can recall. Note the time of the stop, whether the officer seemed to follow proper procedures,... > Experienced Irving car accident lawyers with 1,200+ 5-star reviews. Free consultation. We fight for maximum compensation. - Published: 2025-09-30 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/irving-car-accident-lawyer/ Our Irving Car Accident Lawyers are Focused on Setting Things Right A car accident can change your life in an instant. One moment you're driving through Las Colinas or heading down the 635, and the next, you're dealing with injuries, medical bills, and an insurance company that seems more interested in protecting its bottom line than helping you recover. If you've been injured in a car accident in Irving, you need experienced legal representation that understands both the law and what you're going through. At Varghese Summersett, our Irving car accident attorneys have recovered millions of dollars for clients across North Texas. With 1,200+ five-star reviews and a team that includes former prosecutors with extensive trial experience, we know how to build cases that win — whether through negotiation or in the courtroom. We offer free consultations because we believe everyone deserves to understand their legal options without financial pressure. In this article and video, our Irving car accident lawyers explain what you need to know about pursuing compensation after a crash; the costly mistakes you should never make after an accident — especially when speaking with insurance companies; how our team builds strong claims; and why choosing experienced trial attorneys can make a life-changing difference in your case. https://youtu. be/TMyKuiXSQo0 Why Experience Matters in Car Accident Cases Insurance companies count on accident victims not knowing their rights. They'll offer quick settlements that sound reasonable until you realize they don't cover your future medical expenses, lost wages, or the full extent of your pain and suffering. By the time many people contact an attorney, they've already said something to an insurance adjuster that's being used against them. Our car accident lawyers in Irving have handled injury cases throughout Texas. We know the tactics insurance companies use, and we know how to counter them. More importantly, we understand the real cost of serious injuries — not just today's medical bills, but the ongoing treatment, rehabilitation, and impact on your ability to work and enjoy life. When we evaluate your case, we're looking at the complete picture of how this accident has affected you and your family. Our approach combines thorough investigation with aggressive advocacy. We work with accident reconstruction experts, medical professionals, and economic specialists to document every aspect of your claim. We gather police reports, witness statements, traffic camera footage, and medical records to build an airtight case. Because our attorneys have proven trial experience, insurance companies know we're prepared to take cases to court when fair settlement isn't offered. What Our Irving Car Accident Attorneys Will Do for You When you hire Varghese Summersett to handle your car accident case, you get a dedicated team working to maximize your compensation. We investigate your accident thoroughly, visiting the scene, photographing evidence, and interviewing witnesses while memories are fresh. We collect and organize all relevant medical records, working with your healthcare providers to document the full extent of your injuries and treatment needs. We gather evidence and documents to support every... > Accused of assault in Houston or the surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Houston assault lawyer today. 281-805-2220 - Published: 2025-09-22 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-assault-lawyer/ If you've been arrested for assault in Houston, you're likely scared, confused, and wondering what happens next. An assault charge does not have to end in a conviction. In fact, data from the Texas Office of Court Administration shows that nearly 80% of misdemeanor assault cases and 59% of felony assault cases in Harris County result in dismissal rather than conviction. Assault charges are extremely common in Houston, largely because of how broadly Texas defines assault under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01. The law covers intentionally causing bodily injury, threatening imminent harm, or making offensive physical contact. Because of this broad scope, incidents that may seem like minor disputes can quickly turn into criminal charges. A shove during an argument, a heated confrontation at a bar, or a domestic dispute where no serious injury occurs can still lead to an assault arrest. The consequences of an assault conviction are severe, ranging from fines to decades in prison. Whether you face a Class C misdemeanor for offensive contact or a first-degree felony for aggravated assault, experienced legal representation can make the difference between a conviction and a case dismissal. At Varghese Summersett, our Houston assault lawyers understand the complexities of Texas assault law and the aggressive prosecution tactics used in Harris County. We've successfully defended clients against all levels of assault charges, from simple misdemeanors to complex first-degree felonies where our clients' freedom was at stake. If you or a loved one is facing an assault charge, time is of the essence. Call us today at (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation. What Constitutes Assault Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01 defines assault in three distinct ways. A person commits assault if they: intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person; intentionally or knowingly threaten another with imminent bodily injury; or intentionally or knowingly cause physical contact with another when they know or should reasonably believe the contact will be regarded as offensive or provocative. Recent case law has clarified these definitions significantly. In Sutton v. State (April 2024), a Texas appellate court confirmed that even minor injuries like small bruises satisfy the "bodily injury" requirement under Section 22. 01. This ruling demonstrates how prosecutors can pursue assault charges even when injuries appear minimal. In fact, no visible injury is necessary. Even pain qualifies as bodily injury. The key elements prosecutors must prove include the defendant's mental state (intentional, knowing, or reckless), the nature of the contact or threat, and in bodily injury cases, that actual physical pain or impairment occurred. Understanding these elements allows our defense team to identify weaknesses in the prosecution's case from the outset. Houston Assault Charges and Penalties In Texas, assault charges can be minor or extremely serious. The outcome depends on the level of harm caused, the type of victim, or whether a weapon or other aggravating factor was involved. Here's a breakdown: Assault by Contact (Class C Misdemeanor) Definition: Intentionally or knowingly causing physical contact with another person... > If your child has been accused of an offense in Fort Bend or the surrounding areas, call our Board Certified Fort Bend juvenile defense lawyer today. 281-805-2220 - Published: 2025-09-03 - Modified: 2026-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-juvenile-defense-lawyer/ Why Do You Need a Fort Bend Juvenile Defense Lawyer? When your child faces juvenile charges in Fort Bend County, you need a lawyer who knows how to protect their future. The juvenile justice system claims to focus on rehabilitation, but without experienced representation, your child risks consequences that can follow them for years. College admissions, scholarship opportunities, military service, and future employment can all be affected by how a juvenile case is handled. At Varghese Summersett, we understand what families are going through. Our Fort Bend juvenile lawyer Mike Hanson is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by only 73 attorneys in the entire state. In Fort Bend County, only two attorneys hold this certification, and Mike is one of them. What Makes Board Certification in Juvenile Law So Rare? Board certification is not a title that can be claimed lightly. It requires substantial experience handling juvenile cases, rigorous peer review, and passing a comprehensive examination that demonstrates advanced knowledge of juvenile law, procedure, and trial advocacy. This certification signals a proven commitment to excellence and a deep understanding of the unique issues involved in juvenile cases. Varghese Summersett is the only law firm in Texas with two board-certified juvenile law specialists on the team. This means families in Fort Bend County have access to a level of experience and specialization that is virtually unmatched in juvenile defense. When credentials matter, when courtroom experience matters, when understanding the system from the inside matters, our team delivers. Watch: Meet Fort Bend Juvenile Attorney Mike Hanson https://youtu. be/UAVSz7VHM3w How Does a Former Prosecutor Help Your Child's Defense? Before becoming a juvenile defense attorney, Mike Hanson served as a juvenile prosecutor in Fort Bend County. He handled cases from the State's perspective and knows exactly how prosecutors evaluate evidence, assess risk, and decide whether to offer diversion, probation, or pursue harsher penalties. That insider knowledge allows him to anticipate the State's strategy and build a stronger, more effective defense for your child. Mike has handled hundreds of juvenile cases, including more than 60 jury trials. He regularly defends minors in detention hearings, adjudications, and certification hearings where the state attempts to prosecute juveniles as adults. His military background as a former U. S. Army JAG officer adds a layer of discipline and strategic thinking that sets him apart in Fort Bend County courtrooms. Why Board Certification Matters in Juvenile Cases When your child is facing criminal charges, the stakes could not be higher and not every attorney is equally equipped to handle what comes next. Hiring a lawyer who is Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization means you are working with an attorney who has demonstrated substantial, verified experience in the juvenile justice system, passed a rigorous examination, and earned the recognition of other attorneys in the field. Juvenile cases are not simply adult criminal cases on a smaller scale. They involve distinct procedures, different courts, unique... > Use our free Texas child support calculator to estimate payments under the new $11,700 cap. Learn the percentages, deductions, and how courts decide support. - Published: 2025-08-31 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-child-support-calculator/ Texas Child Support Calculator 2026 | Free Estimate Tool Texas Child Support Calculator 2026 Calculate Your Estimated Child Support Under the New $11,700 Cap This calculator provides estimates only. Each case is different and ultimately a judge decides on an appropriate amount. This calculator does not calculate support in excess of the $11,700 net resource amount per Texas Family Code Sec. 154. 125(a). Personal Information What county are you in? * Select a county Please select your county Employment Type Employee (7. 65% FICA) Self-Employed (15. 3% SE Tax) Income Frequency Yearly Monthly Semi-Monthly Bi-Weekly Weekly Hourly Amount ($) Deductions & Children Medical Support (Monthly Premium) Dental Support (Monthly Premium) Union Dues (Monthly) State Income Tax (Monthly) Children in this Action Other Children You Support Children in other households Results Comparison OLD Guidelines (Pre-Sept 2025) Cap: $9,200 net resources $0. 00 per month Net Resources: $0. 00 NEW Guidelines (Sept 2025+) Cap: $11,700 net resources $0. 00 per month Net Resources: $0. 00 Tax Breakdown (Monthly) OASDI (Social Security) $0. 00 Medicare $0. 00 Federal Income Tax $0. 00 Total Taxes $0. 00 Multi-Child Support Calculation Per Texas Family Code Section 154. 129 - Alternative Method for Multiple Households Child Support Percentage: 20% (1 child in this action) Difference: +$0. 00 per month Annual difference: +$0. 00 Next Steps for County Residents You might be eligible for child support modification! Recommended Attorney: Varghese Summersett Family Law Group Phone: (817) 900-3220 Website: familytexas. com Serving and surrounding areas We recommend consulting with a local family law attorney to discuss your options and the modification process. Remember: Existing orders won't automatically change. You must request a modification through the court. Schedule a Free Consultation Important Legal Information • This calculator provides estimates only. Actual court orders may differ based on specific circumstances. • The new $11,700 cap became effective September 1, 2025, increasing from the previous $9,200 cap. • Multi-child support calculations follow Texas Family Code Section 154. 129. • Courts may deviate from guidelines based on the best interests of the child and other factors. • Consult with a family law attorney for specific legal advice regarding your situation. How Texas Child Support Is Calculated Texas child support is calculated by applying a percentage of the paying parent's monthly net resources (up to $11,700) based on the number of children. For one child, the guideline amount is 20% of net resources, increasing by 5% for each additional child up to 40% for five or more. The free Texas child support calculator above can help you estimate your potential obligation. If you're going through a divorce or establishing paternity, understanding how child support works is one of the most pressing concerns you'll face. Texas uses a formula-based system that provides predictability while still giving courts flexibility to address unique family circumstances. This guide explains exactly how the calculations work, what the 2025 changes mean for families in 2026, and when a judge might order more or less than the guideline amount. How... > Dena L. Wilson is a Partner in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she guides individuals and families through major life transitions. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2025-08-29 - Modified: 2025-10-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/dena-l-wilson/ Dena L. Wilson Partner Dena L. Wilson is a Partner in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she guides individuals and families through major life transitions. A seasoned trial lawyer, savvy negotiator, and trusted advisor, Dena is known for successfully resolving complex and challenging cases, including high-net-worth divorces, contentious custody battles, and intricate property divisions. With over two decades of experience in family law, Dena has walked clients through virtually every imaginable circumstance. She is especially drawn to cases that require sharp legal insight and creative problem-solving, where success depends on developing and executing a carefully tailored strategy. For some, that might mean reaching an amicable resolution through negotiation; for others, it may mean aggressively litigating their issues in court. Whatever the strategy, Dena is dedicated to finding the right approach for each client's unique situation, ensuring they are well-positioned and protected as they enter the next chapter in their lives. Dena's journey to the courtroom began in Ruston, Louisiana, where she set her sights on becoming an attorney at just four years old — a dream she never wavered from. She earned her undergraduate degree in Political Science with a minor in History from Louisiana State University, where she was an active member of the debate team. She then moved to Texas and earned her law degree from Texas A&M School of Law (formerly Texas Wesleyan School of Law). From the outset, Dena gravitated toward family law — a calling that she said fit "like a glove. " Since then, she has devoted her entire career to family law and is passionate about helping clients navigate life's challenges and move forward with clarity and confidence. In her free time, you will find Dena cheering on her beloved LSU Tigers, boating, decorating her home for the seasons, or simply spending time with her husband (also an attorney), teenage son, and adult bonus children. Fun Fact: Dena has a passion for interior design, home renovation, and seasonal decorating — talents she has used to transform her homes as well as those of her friends https://youtu. be/6LeJZxJVRtw Education Texas A&M School of Law, Juris Doctor, 2004 Louisiana State University, B. A. in Political Science, 2001 Practice Areas High Asset, Complex Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support and Modification Child Visitation, Possession and Access Property and Asset Division Temporary Orders Enforcement of Existing Orders Prenuptial Agreements Adoptions Spousal Maintenance Honors, Awards, Memberships Super Lawyers, 2012 - Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine Barrister, Eldon Mahon Inn of Courts Member, State Bar of Texas Member, State Bar of Texas Family Law Section Member, Tarrant County Family Bar Association Member, Tarrant County Bar Association > Rebecca Cardona is a Senior Case Manager in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, bringing more than three decades of legal experience to the team. - Published: 2025-08-15 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/rebecca-cardona/ Senior Case Manager Rebecca Cardona is a Senior Case Manager in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, bringing more than three decades of legal experience to the team. She is dedicated to helping injured Texans rebuild their lives after unexpected accidents caused by the negligence or wrongdoing of others. Rebecca began her legal career immediately after high school, starting at a workers' compensation firm before transitioning to personal injury. She spent more than 20 years with a prominent Fort Worth law office, where she honed her skills handling personal injury cases. At Varghese Summersett, Rebecca serves as a key point of contact for personal injury clients from start to finish. She ensures every client receives the medical care they need, keeps them informed about their case status, and coordinates with medical providers, insurance adjusters, and legal teams. Fluent in English and Spanish, Rebecca uses her bilingual skills and decades of experience to provide personalized care to every client, with a special commitment to supporting the Hispanic community throughout their case. She is known for her calm, supportive presence and ability to make clients feel at ease during one of the most challenging times in their lives. Her experience, paired with a strong work ethic and an unwavering commitment to client care, makes her an indispensable part of the personal injury team. Background Rebecca was born and raised in Fort Worth and graduated from Paschal High School. As the youngest of five siblings, she developed a strong sense of responsibility early on, working through middle and high school before beginning her legal career. Right after graduation, she entered the legal arena, starting in workers' compensation before transitioning into personal injury law — a field where she discovered her true passion and built a decades-long career helping injured Texans. Outside the office, Rebecca enjoys quality time with her husband and three sons — including two who have served in the military: one a Marine Corps veteran and the other currently serving in the U. S. Air Force. Her youngest son is set to graduate high school this year. She also enjoys spending time with friends, barbecuing at home, and country dancing at the Fort Worth Stockyards. Fun Fact: Rebecca has gone skydiving and white-water rafting — she's always up for a new adventure. > Isaac Holmberg is a videographer at Varghese Summersett, producing legal videos, testimonials, podcasts, and brand content that highlights the firm’s legal team. - Published: 2025-08-15 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/isaac-holmberg/ Videographer Isaac Holmberg is a videographer at Varghese Summersett, where he produces unique and engaging video content for the firm's website, YouTube channel, and social media platforms. He works closely with the multimedia director, attorneys and staff to create compelling content, including informative videos about the legal process, attorney commentary on high-profile cases, client testimonials, podcasts, and brand videos that highlight the firm's culture, people, and locations. Isaac discovered his passion for videography at a young age, largely teaching himself video production and editing through years of hands-on experience. He has an eye for detail, a professional and calming presence on set, and is always up for an adventure — whether it's taking a field trip or working on an out-of-the-ordinary project. Background Originally from Oregon City, Oregon — just outside Portland — Isaac grew up as the youngest of three brothers. While initially quiet and reserved, he was drawn to video storytelling early on, developing his talents through grassroots productions with his middle brother. After high school, Isaac served as a multimedia director at a large church in Oregon, where he honed his skills in video production, livestreaming, and social media content creation. Isaac and his wife later moved to Fort Worth to attend a spiritual leadership school at Mercy Culture Church, where they continue to serve together. Outside of work, Isaac enjoys fishing (especially salmon fishing in Oregon), playing volleyball and basketball, and the occasional video game session. Fun Fact: Isaac has a knack for garage sale treasure hunting and resale, combining his eye for unique finds with his entrepreneurial spirit. He once bought an old, broken robot at a garage sale for just a few dollars and sold it for several hundred. > McKenzie Coe is an experienced divorce and family law attorney dedicated to helping individuals and families facing life’s most difficult circumstances. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-06-30 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/mckenzie-coe/ McKenzie Coe Associate McKenzie Coe is an Associate in Varghese Summersett’s Family Law Division, where she provides skilled, compassionate representation to clients facing some of life’s most difficult circumstances, including divorce, child custody, and complex asset division. McKenzie is a fierce advocate for her clients, ensuring their voices are heard and their rights are protected throughout every step of the legal process. She is particularly passionate about cases involving domestic violence and is committed to helping clients rebuild their lives and emerge stronger on the other side. Raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan, McKenzie was the quintessential “big sister” to her two younger brothers and exceptionally motivated from a young age. At East Kentwood High School, she was not only a captain of the water polo team but also a competitive swimmer, singer, and theater performer. Her strong work ethic and determination set the stage for the academic path that followed. After high school, she traded the Michigan snow for the California sun, attending Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, where she earned degrees in Political Science and Women and Gender Studies. She later attended Texas A&M School of Law in Fort Worth, where she and her husband — her high school sweetheart — put down roots and started a family. During and after law school, McKenzie gained valuable experience in both the public and private sectors, where she honed her focus on family law. These roles reinforced her passion for advocating for families in crisis, especially those involving vulnerable populations. Her commitment to helping others is evident in her thoughtful, steadfast approach to every case she handles. In her free time, McKenzie enjoys spending time with her husband, their young daughter, and two rescue cats. She is also an avid reader and runner — recently completing her first half-marathon. Fun Fact: McKenzie is a devoted Adele fan, and the singer once gave her and her best friend a shoutout and put them on the big screen at a concert — a moment McKenzie still describes as one of the best days of her life. https://youtu. be/qFdo6Hxvyqw Education Texas A&M School of Law, Juris Doctorate, 2020 Loyola Marymount University, B. A. in Political Science and Women’s and Gender Studies, 2017 Practice Areas Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Child Visitation, Possession, and Access Temporary Orders Property and Asset Division Spousal Maintenance Paternity Grandparents Rights Temporary Orders Honors, Awards, Memberships State Bar of Texas, Member State Bar of Texas, Family Law Section, Member Tarrant County Family Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Young Lawyers Association, Member > Rachel Morris is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients. - Published: 2025-06-30 - Modified: 2026-04-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/rachel-morris/ Rachel Morris Client Relations Specialist Rachel Morris is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients. The criminal justice process can be a daunting and emotionally exhausting journey. Rachel is passionate about making every client feel seen, heard, and supported every step of the way. Not only is she highly organized and detail-oriented, but Rachel is also extremely compassionate. She is known for going above and beyond to get an answer or troubleshoot an issue, always putting the needs and concerns of our clients first. In addition to providing exceptional client communications, Rachel also assists attorneys with case management, document preparation, and scheduling. She is well-versed in the criminal justice system and works proactively with the legal team to address any issues or challenges. Rachel’s genuine love for people and natural ability to connect with others make her an invaluable asset to the team. She understands that kindness can go a long way—and she’s committed to making sure every person who calls the firm or walks through the door feels a little more at ease and a lot more hopeful. Background A North Texas native, Rachel grew up in Saginaw and graduated from Northwest High School. Throughout her youth, she was deeply involved in fine arts—competing in choir, musical theater, and even performing opera at an elite level. Rachel went on to earn a degree in psychology from the University of North Texas. She was recruited to pursue graduate work in applied behavior analysis but ultimately pivoted to hospitality, where she quickly rose through the ranks at a major corporate training facility. Driven by personal and professional growth, Rachel joined Varghese Summersett, a firm highly recommended for its culture and client-centered mission. Her goal is simple yet powerful: to be a source of comfort and positivity for people during one of the hardest times in their lives. Outside the office, Rachel enjoys shopping for artisan goods and unique finds at pop-up markets throughout North Texas. Fun Fact: Rachel can speak some German and lived in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, for a little over a month. > Discreet family law, criminal defense & personal injury attorneys in Southlake. Varghese Summersett Southlake. Call (817) 415-1575. - Published: 2025-06-26 - Modified: 2025-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake/ We are at home in Southlake In the heart of Southlake, we offer sophisticated legal representation tailored to the unique needs of our North Texas community. Our Southlake office specializes in handling sensitive family law matters with the utmost discretion, while also providing comprehensive criminal defense and personal injury services. We understand that legal challenges in Southlake often require not just expertise, but also a refined approach that respects our clients' privacy and standing in the community. https://youtu. be/jofFWB2CT4k Varghese Summersett (Southlake) Our Southlake office is conveniently located in the Sabre Building at 3120 Sabre Dr Suite 110, Southlake, TX 76092. The office provides easy access from Highway 114 and FM 1709, with ample private parking available for our clients. Our location in this professional building offers a discrete environment where clients can feel comfortable discussing their most sensitive legal matters. Varghese Summersett (Southlake) is located on the first floor of Kirkwood Oaks. You can visit our Southlake office and know you are getting complete discretion. We intentionally positioned our office away from the town square to ensure your legal needs can be met conveniently and with privacy. There's plenty of parking and it is easy to get in for an appointment. Southlake Family and Divorce Lawyers In Southlake's close-knit community, family law matters demand not only legal excellence but exceptional discretion. Our family law attorneys understand that high-asset divorces, complex custody arrangements, and sensitive family disputes require a sophisticated approach that protects both your legal interests and your reputation. We've built our practice on providing discrete, professional representation to executives, business owners, and professionals throughout the DFW metroplex. Our Southlake family law practice encompasses all aspects of family legal matters, including high-net-worth divorce proceedings, complex property division, business valuation disputes, child custody and support matters, prenuptial and postnuptial agreements, and modifications of existing orders. We employ collaborative law techniques when possible, helping clients resolve matters privately without the public exposure of contested litigation. What sets our Southlake family law practice apart is our commitment to maintaining the highest level of confidentiality while aggressively protecting our clients' interests. We work with trusted financial advisors, forensic accountants, and child specialists to ensure comprehensive representation that addresses every aspect of your case. Learn more about our Southlake Family and Divorce Lawyers. Southlake Criminal Defense Lawyers Criminal charges can threaten everything you've worked to build in Southlake. Our criminal defense attorneys understand the unique challenges faced by professionals and business leaders when confronting criminal allegations. With extensive experience defending clients in both state and federal courts, we provide aggressive representation while maintaining the discretion our Southlake clients expect and deserve. Our Southlake criminal defense practice handles a comprehensive range of matters, including DWI and intoxication offenses, white-collar criminal allegations, drug possession and distribution charges, assault and family violence cases, and federal criminal investigations. We leverage our attorneys' prosecutorial experience to anticipate the state's strategy and build compelling defenses that protect your freedom and reputation. We recognize that for many Southlake residents, the collateral... > How do you find the "best lawyer near me?" Are lawyers allowed to say they are the best? - Published: 2025-06-25 - Modified: 2026-06-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/best-lawyer-near-me/ Why Texas Lawyers Cannot Say They're "The Best" - And How to the "Best Lawyer Near Me" In Texas, attorneys face strict limitations on how they can advertise their services. Under Rule 7. 04(m) of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct (TDRPC), false or misleading information includes self-laudatory statements, such as "Best Lawyer," "Most Experienced," "Lowest Legal Fees," "Will Achieve These Results," etc. The Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, specifically Rule 7. 01(a), prohibits lawyers from making or sponsoring false or misleading communications about their qualifications or services. A communication is false or misleading if it contains a material misrepresentation of fact or law, or omits a fact necessary to make the statement considered as a whole not materially misleading. Statements comparing a lawyer's services with those of another where the comparisons are not susceptible of precise measurement or verification, such as "we are the toughest lawyers in town", "we will get money for you when other lawyers can't", or "we are the best law firm in Texas if you want a large recovery" can deceive or mislead prospective clients. Why "Best" is Entirely Subjective The determination of who is the "best" lawyer for any particular case is inherently subjective and depends on numerous factors specific to each client's unique situation. What makes an attorney ideal for one client may not suit another's needs. Experience, communication style, legal strategy, fee structure, and personal rapport all play crucial roles in this highly individualized assessment. Finding the Right Criminal Defense Attorney When searching for a criminal defense attorney, consider these key factors: Experience with Your Specific Charges: Look for an attorney who regularly handles cases similar to yours. A lawyer experienced in DWI defense may not be the best choice for white-collar crime charges. Track Record: While attorneys cannot claim to be "the best," they can share verifiable case results (with proper disclaimers). Ask about their experience with cases like yours. Communication Style: You need an attorney who explains complex legal concepts clearly and keeps you informed throughout your case. Local Court Knowledge: An attorney familiar with local prosecutors, judges, and court procedures can navigate the system more effectively. Resources and Support Staff: Complex criminal cases often require investigators, expert witnesses, and dedicated support staff. Finding the Right Family Law and Divorce Attorney For family law matters, prioritize these qualities: Approach to Resolution: Some attorneys favor aggressive litigation while others emphasize mediation and collaborative divorce. Choose one whose approach aligns with your goals. Understanding of Financial Complexities: Divorce often involves complex property division, business valuations, and support calculations. Look for relevant experience. Sensitivity to Children's Needs: If children are involved, find an attorney who prioritizes their well-being while protecting your parental rights. Availability During Emotional Times: Family law matters are emotionally challenging. You need an attorney who is accessible and supportive. Experience with Similar Family Situations: High-asset divorces, custody disputes, and international cases all require specialized knowledge. Finding the Right Personal Injury Attorney When seeking representation for personal injury claims,... > Are you our next operations manager? - Published: 2025-06-11 - Modified: 2025-06-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/operations-manager/ Career Opportunity: Operations Manager Are you the kind of go‑getter who is energized by seeing their work bear fruit as the organization grows? Are you a tenacious self-starter who transforms great ideas into rock‑solid systems? We’re a fast‑moving, award‑winning law firm, and we’re looking for an Operations Manager who’s ready to level us up. If you love streamlining processes, championing tech, and keeping every plate spinning, read on! Why You’ll Love This Role Impact: Own the backbone of our operations and watch your work ripple through the entire firm. Innovation: Experiment with AI, automation, and best‑in‑class legal tech—then make it stick. Culture: Join a client‑first, purpose‑driven team that celebrates our collective growth. Your High‑Energy Responsibilities Operational Excellence & Systems Update and optimize our Case Resolutions Log and Dispositions Database. Keep the Same‑Page Report fresh so leadership is always in sync. Continue building out Trainual—turn tribal knowledge into bulletproof SOPs. Finance & Metrics Team up with our bookkeeper to gather revenue/expense data, track bonuses, and monitor KPIs. Guide us smoothly through annual insurance and 401(k) audits. Tech & Security Own hardware acquisition and setup—from laptops to label printers. Maintain NordPass and overall security hygiene. Acquire, secure, and propagate software licenses firm‑wide. Vendor & Facility Leadership Be the primary point of contact for our VOIP provider: troubleshoot, escalate, and keep calls crisp. Serve as the go‑to liaison for our four office locations: landlords, maintenance, and everything in between. What You Bring 5+ years of operations or business‑management experience (legal or professional services preferred). Spreadsheet savvy and data‑driven decision‑making skills. Curiosity for AI tools and a builder’s mindset. Accountability, grit, and a “let’s‑get‑it‑done” attitude. Perks & Benefits Compensation: DOE PTO & Holidays: 10 PTO days, 10 firm holidays, 5 WFH days Health: Platinum, Gold, and Silver PPO options Schedule: Full‑time, in‑office, Monday–Friday How to Apply Email your resume and a cover letter to careers@versustexas. com with the subject line “resume. ” Bonus points: include a short paragraph about the last book you read and why you loved (or loathed) it. > Jeromy Kitchen is a seasoned paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, supporting attorneys handling divorce, custody and other family law matters. - Published: 2025-06-04 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/jeromy-kitchen/ Jeromy Kitchen Paralegal Jeromy Kitchen is a seasoned paralegal in Varghese Summersett’s Family Law Division, where he serves as the right hand to attorney Michael A. Livens. Together, they provide exceptional guidance and legal support to clients facing deeply personal and emotionally-charged family matters, including divorce, child custody disputes, and high-stakes asset division. With more than two decades of experience in family law, Jeromy is known for his attention to detail, strong organizational skills, and ability to put clients at ease during difficult times. He plays an integral role in preparing cases for mediation and trial, ensuring that each client receives personalized, efficient, and compassionate support throughout the entire process. Jeromy’s commitment to excellence, combined with his deep knowledge of family law, makes him an invaluable asset to the Varghese Summersett team and a trusted resource for the individuals and families we serve. Background Jeromy grew up in Keller and graduated from Keller High School. He discovered his passion for the law shortly after graduation when he began working part-time for a local attorney. That opportunity led to a full-time position and, eventually, a long-term role at a larger law firm in downtown Fort Worth that specialized in family law and bankruptcy. He held that position for 18 years, until the firm's owners retired. Jeromy now brings his wealth of experience and knowledge to Varghese Summersett, where he helps people through life’s greatest challenges. Outside of the office, Jeromy enjoys traveling with his wife and two daughters. Much of their time is also spent at volleyball games and tournaments, cheering on their youngest daughter’s select team. Fun Fact: Jeromy used to be an avid bowler and once rolled a perfect game in league play — 12 strikes in a row. > Juvenile murder charges in Texas move fast. If your child has been accused of homicide, speak to an experienced juvenile defense attorney today. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2025-05-12 - Modified: 2025-06-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-murder/ If your child is facing a juvenile murder charge in Texas, the most important thing you can do is contact a highly-experienced juvenile defense attorney as soon as possible. Time is of the essence; things move faster for juveniles than adults. At Varghese Summersett, we are fortunate to have two seasoned juvenile attorneys on our team. Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law – one of only two attorneys in Tarrant County and only 70 in the entire state to hold this prestigious distinction. Mike Hanson is a former prosecutor who is skilled at defending juveniles accused of serious crimes, including murder, and has a strong track record of success in the Houston area. In this article, we explain juvenile murder charges in Texas, the legal process from arrest to defense, possible punishments, and common defense strategies. https://youtu. be/oMXzpqbCy_k Who is Considered a Juvenile in Texas? In Texas, a person is considered a juvenile if they are between the ages of 10 and 17 at the time the alleged offense occurred. Children younger than 10 cannot be prosecuted for criminal conduct. Once a person turns 17, they are considered an adult in the Texas criminal justice system. Juvenile cases follow a different process than adult criminal cases. The goal is often rehabilitation, but when the accusation is serious — such as juvenile murder charge — the stakes are extremely high and the process can become more adversarial and complex. What Happens When a Juvenile is Arrested for Murder? Juveniles accused of murder in Texas are taken to a juvenile detention center, not an adult jail. From there, the legal process moves quickly: A detention hearing will be held within 48 business hours to determine whether the juvenile will remain in custody. Learn more about juvenile detention hearings. Filing of a petition, which is the juvenile equivalent of an indictment. Possible certification hearing if the state seeks to try the juvenile as an adult. Learn more about juvenile certification. Adjudication hearing (trial before a judge) and, if adjudicated delinquent, a disposition hearing to determine punishment. Learn more about adjudication hearings. Our attorneys are skilled at every step of the juvenile process and will challenge the state's case at every opportunity, advocating for the child's rights, freedom and future. Where Are Juveniles Detained in Texas? Juveniles charged with murder in Texas are held in secure county-run detention facilities. Examples include: Tarrant County Juvenile Services Center – Fort Worth Harris County Juvenile Detention Center – Houston Dallas County Henry Wade Juvenile Justice Center Collin County Juvenile Detention Center These facilities are locked, high-security centers. Access is restricted, and juveniles are closely monitored. Our attorneys work to get juveniles out of detention when possible or seek placement at home or more favorable settings. What Constitutes Murder in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 02, a person commits murder if he or she: Intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person; Intends to cause serious bodily injury and committs an act clearly... > Accused of homicide in Houston or the surrounding area? Speak to a Houston homicide lawyer today. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-04-24 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-homicide-lawyer/ In Texas, there is nothing more serious than being accused of causing the death of another human being. A conviction for homicide in Texas can carry severe penalties, including life behind bars, or even the death penalty, in certain cases. Nowhere is this more pressing than in Houston, which consistently ranks among Texas cities with the highest homicide rates. In 2024, Houston recorded 322 homicides, underscoring the city's ongoing struggle with violent crime. To be sure, police and prosecutors in Harris County aggressively pursue these cases, and the stakes are extremely high for anyone accused of taking a life. That's why it's critical to have an experienced Houston homicide lawyer in your corner if you or a loved one is facing charges of capital murder, murder, fentanyl murder, manslaughter, or criminally negligent homicide. In this article, the experienced criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the types of homicide charges in Texas, the potential punishments, and possible defenses. Types of Homicide Charges in Texas In Texas, criminal homicide is one of the gravest offenses a person can face. The charges can vary based on the circumstances surrounding the death, including the accused's intent and actions. Texas Penal Code Chapter 19 categorizes homicides into distinct charges, each with its own legal definitions and potential penalties. Here's an overview of the types of homicide charges in Texas: Capital Murder Capital murder is the most serious charge in Texas and is punishable by life in prison without parole or the death penalty. It includes murder under specific aggravating circumstances, such as: Murder of a peace officer or firefighter in the line of duty; Murder during the commission or attempted commission of another felony, including kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat; Murder for hire; Murder while escaping prison; Murder, while incarcerated, of a prison employee; Murder, while incarcerated, in conjunction with organized criminal activity; Murder while already incarcerated for capital murder or murder; Murder of more than one person during the same criminal transaction; Murder of a child under age 10; Murder of a judge in retaliation. Murder Under Texas Penal Code §19. 02, there are three ways a person can commit the offense of murder. A person commits an offense if he or she: intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person; intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of committing the felony, commits an act clearly dangerous to human life and causes the death of an individual (felony murder). Fentanyl Murder In recent years, Texas has intensified its focus on drug-related homicides, particularly those involving fentanyl. Under Texas law - specifically Penal Code 19. 02 (b)(4) - individuals can be charged with fentanyl murder if he or she: knowingly manufactures or delivers a controlled substance included in Penalty Group 1-B under Section 481. 1022, Health... > Katie Mast is a Senior Paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, where she supports attorneys handling the firm’s most serious and high-stakes cases. - Published: 2025-04-17 - Modified: 2025-06-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/katie-mast/ Katie Mast Senior Paralegal Katie Mast is a Senior Paralegal in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, where she supports attorneys handling the firm’s most serious and high-stakes cases — including catastrophic injuries and wrongful deaths. With more than a decade of experience in both plaintiff and insurance defense litigation, Katie is known for her relentless work ethic, deep understanding of case dynamics, and meticulous attention to detail. She thrives on investigation and uncovering the full picture, ensuring attorneys are armed with the strongest foundation possible when fighting for justice on behalf of clients. Katie began her legal career in personal injury law in 2015 and quickly gravitated toward cases involving severe injury and loss. Prior to joining Varghese Summersett, she gained valuable experience in both plaintiff and insurance defense firms, which gave her a well-rounded perspective on how to approach and support complex litigation. She is highly organized, tenacious, and always eager to learn more, making her an invaluable asset to the legal team and a trusted resource for attorneys and clients alike. Background Katie was born in Germany, where her father was stationed in the Army. The family moved to the U. S. when Katie was 2 years old and settled in Lampasas, where they raised horses, goats, and chickens on a small ranchette. Always an overachiever, Katie graduated from Lampasas High School at 16 years old. She later earned her Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Abilene Christian University, graduating summa cum laude while also working at a personal injury firm. Driven by compassion and purpose, Katie takes immense pride in helping people navigate life’s greatest challenges. Outside of work, Katie enjoys spending time with her daughter, who keeps her busy with softball games and outdoor adventures, including kayaking, paddle boarding, and exploring new places. Fun Fact: Katie’s favorite place she’s ever visited is Japan — a destination she describes as “beautifully rich with culture. ” > Airos Gilchrist is an Executive Assistant at Varghese Summersett, where she is responsible for supporting the firm's executives. - Published: 2025-04-09 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/airos-gilchrist/ Airos Gilchrist Executive Assistant Airos Gilchrist is an Executive Assistant at Varghese Summersett, where she is responsible for supporting the firm's executives. She is highly efficient with strong organizational skills, exceptional communication abilities, and sharp attention to detail. Airos’ role as an executive assistant is critical to the success of Varghese Summersett. She excels at juggling multiple responsibilities and staying focused under pressure, helping ensure seamless operations within the executive suite. Her proactive approach and ability to anticipate the needs of the firm's leaders make her an invaluable asset to the team. Background Airos was born in Fort Worth and graduated from Central High School in Keller. After graduation, she moved to Los Angeles, where she worked as an executive assistant at the Dream Center Foundation, a nonprofit organization that provides support to individuals affected by homelessness, hunger, and lack of education through residential and community outreach programs. She spent seven years there before transitioning to an executive assistant role at Chick-fil-A in Pasadena and, later, in her hometown of Keller. During this time, Airos also obtained a degree in Business Administration with a focus on business leadership. Her combined experience in both nonprofit and corporate settings laid a strong foundation for her organizational and leadership skills. Her passion for supporting high-performing teams and her dedication to excellence led her to Varghese Summersett, where she continues to thrive in a fast-paced legal environment. In her free time, Airos loves reading — she has an annual goal of finishing 50 books per year — and enjoys taking walks with her husband and their mini golden-doodle, Sunset. Fun Fact: Her first name — Airos — is her mom’s maiden name — Soria —spelled backwards. > Need help with probate in Texas? Our North Texas probate attorneys provide compassionate guidance. Offices in Fort Worth, Dallas & Southlake. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-03-25 - Modified: 2025-03-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/north-texas-probate-attorneys/ Guiding You Through Probate with Compassion and Clarity The death of a loved one brings emotional turmoil, often compounded by the complex legal process of probate. Probate is the legal procedure for settling a person's estate after they pass away—ensuring debts are paid and property is distributed according to the will, or under Texas intestacy laws if there is no will. At Varghese Summersett, we walk alongside families during this difficult time, providing clear, compassionate guidance every step of the way. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake, our North Texas probate attorneys are well-equipped to assist grieving families with the administration of estates—large and small, contested or uncontested. In this article, our experienced attorneys explain probate in plain terms, outline the steps involved in administering an estate, and detail how we can help ensure the process is handled efficiently, respectfully, and in accordance with Texas law. What is Probate Administration in Texas? Probate administration in Texas is the court-supervised process that ensures a deceased person’s affairs are properly resolved. This includes identifying and valuing assets, paying off debts, and distributing property to beneficiaries or heirs. Independent vs. Dependent Administration Texas allows for two primary forms of probate administration: Independent Administration Most estates in Texas qualify for independent administration, which is less burdensome and more cost-effective. The executor handles most tasks without extensive court supervision. This is available when the will expressly authorizes it or all heirs agree. Dependent Administration In more complex or contested cases, dependent administration is necessary. This requires court approval for nearly every action the administrator takes, including paying debts and distributing property. It provides oversight but is more time-consuming and expensive. Key Steps in the Probate Process 1. File the Will (If There is One) with the Appropriate Probate Court The process begins by submitting the original will to the probate court in the county where the decedent resided. In Texas, this must typically be done within four years of the date of death, according to Texas Estates Code §256. 003. If there is no will, the estate proceeds under intestacy laws, and the court will determine heirs and distribute the estate accordingly. Example: If someone passed away in Fort Worth with a valid will, the will would be filed with the Tarrant County Probate Court for review and authentication (known as “probating the will”). 2. Petition for Probate and Appointment of Executor or Administrator After filing the will, the next step is to petition the court to open probate and request the formal appointment of a personal representative. This person is responsible for managing the estate. If the will names someone, that person is called the executor. If there is no will, or the named executor is unable or unwilling to serve, the court will appoint an administrator—typically a surviving spouse, adult child, or other close relative. Texas Estates Code §304. 001 outlines the order of persons eligible to serve as personal representative if there is no will. Once appointed, the executor or... > Michael A. Livens is an experienced family lawyer who focuses on high net-worth divorce and complex property division. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-03-05 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/michael-a-livens/ Michael A. Livens Associate Attorney Michael A. Livens is an Associate in Varghese Summersett’s Family Law Division, where he focuses on high net-worth divorce, complex property divisions, and contentious cases requiring receivership. With a strong background in finance, he has extensive experience handling cases involving business valuations, asset tracing, and forensic accounting in divorce proceedings. In addition to family law, Michael provides legal guidance to the firm’s clients regarding their estate, last will, trust, and probate matters. These additional offerings provide clients with a full range of legal services at Varghese Summersett. With an undergraduate, master's, and law degree, Michael is a high achiever who applies his advanced education and analytical skills to navigate the financial and legal complexities of family law cases. His meticulous approach and strategic mindset allow him to identify and advocate for equitable solutions, protecting his clients’ financial, personal, and long-term interests. https://youtu. be/xzfNkk9pNEY Background A native of Arlington, Michael attended Nolan Catholic High School before earning a finance degree from the University of Texas at Arlington. He spent four years working in corporate finance at major institutions, where he developed a strong foundation in financial analysis and risk assessment. During this time, he pursued his MBA at night, demonstrating his dedication and ability to balance rigorous academic and professional commitments. Encouraged by his uncle, Steven Livens—a longtime attorney in Hurst—Michael decided to pursue a law degree. He earned his Juris Doctor from UNT Dallas College of Law in 2018, graduating in the top 10 percent of his class. In a unique accomplishment, he passed the Texas Bar Exam before graduating from law school, making him the only newly licensed attorney in his graduating class at his commencement ceremony. Michael began his legal career at his late uncle’s firm, handling estate planning matters. He later worked in real estate law before transitioning to family law. At Varghese Summersett, he focuses on helping individuals and families through difficult legal challenges, particularly those involving high-stakes financial and property matters. Outside of work, Michael enjoys spending time with his wife and two children. He is an avid sports fan and enjoys staying active outdoors. Fun Fact: Michael is a shareholder of the Green Bay Packers, a family tradition passed down through generations. Education UNT Dallas College of Law, Juris Doctor, 2018 University of Texas at Arlington, Master of Business Administration, 2013 University of Texas at Arlington, BBA in Finance, 2010 Practice Areas High Net-Worth Divorce Divorce Involving Business Interests Receiverships High Stakes Property and Asset Division Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Modification and Enforcement of Existing Orders Father’s Rights Prenuptial Agreements Postnuptial Agreements Trust and Estate Planning Asset Protection Planning Honors, Awards, Memberships Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2025 Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Texas Bar College Member, State Bar of Texas, Member State Bar of Texas Family Law Section, Member Tarrant County Family Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Young Lawyers Association, Member > Charged with theft or shoplifting in Fort Worth? Our Board Certified Fort Worth theft attorneys defend misdemeanor and felony cases in Tarrant County. Free consultation: 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/ Fort Worth Theft Lawyer A Fort Worth theft lawyer at Varghese Summersett defends people charged with theft, shoplifting, and retail theft in Tarrant County. Our criminal defense attorneys are headquartered three blocks from the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center at 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700, Fort Worth, Texas 76102. We have defended hundreds of theft cases — from Class C shoplifting tickets to first-degree felony theft — and our goal in every case is the same: keep you out of jail, off a conviction record, and eligible for an expunction or nondisclosure when the case is over. If you were arrested for theft in Fort Worth, call our Fort Worth theft attorneys at 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. What Is Theft Under Texas Law? Theft under Texas Penal Code Section 31. 03 is the unlawful appropriation of property with intent to deprive the owner. In plain English, theft in Texas means taking something that doesn't belong to you, without permission, and without intending to return it. That sounds simple, but the Texas Penal Code contains more than a dozen sections describing different ways a person can be charged with theft in Tarrant County — from shoplifting at a Fort Worth retail store, to theft of services, to theft by deception, to theft of a trade secret. The "owner" in a theft case is anyone with title, possession, or a greater right to control the property than the accused. "Appropriates" means acquiring or exercising control over property. It does not matter how long you kept the item — what matters is whether you took it from the rightful owner with intent to deprive. Is Theft a Misdemeanor or Felony in Tarrant County? Whether theft is charged as a misdemeanor or felony in Fort Worth depends primarily on the value of the property allegedly stolen. If the value is $2,500 or more, theft is a felony in Texas. If the value is below $2,500, theft is generally a misdemeanor — but a misdemeanor theft can be enhanced to a state jail felony if the accused has two or more prior theft convictions. This is the Texas Theft Ladder our Fort Worth theft lawyers reference in every case: Texas Theft Value Ladder (2026) Value of Property Offense Level Maximum Punishment Less than $100 Class C Misdemeanor Up to $500 fine (no jail) $100 – $750 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in jail, up to $2,000 fine $750 – $2,500 Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in jail, up to $4,000 fine $2,500 – $30,000 State Jail Felony 180 days – 2 years state jail, up to $10,000 fine $30,000 – $150,000 Third-Degree Felony 2 – 10 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine $150,000 – $300,000 Second-Degree Felony 2 – 20 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine $300,000 or more First-Degree Felony 5 – 99 years or life, up to $10,000 fine Being arrested for theft in Fort Worth can change your life overnight. Even a misdemeanor theft conviction... > We're you injured or a loved one killed in an aviation accident? Call for a free consultation with a Texas plane crash attorney. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-01-30 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-plane-crash-attorney/ On January 29, while many of us were sleeping, one of the most tragic aviation disasters occurred in recent U. S. history. An American Airlines regional jet, operated by PSA Airlines, collided with a U. S. Army black helicopter over the Potomac River near Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. The passenger aircraft, carrying 64 people, was attempting to land when it struck the helicopter, which was carrying three soldiers. Tragically, no one survived. The victims including 14 U. S. figure skaters and Russian world champions Evgenia Shishkova and Vadim Naumov. Aviation accidents are rare, but when they do happen, they have catastrophic consequences for victims and their families. Whether it's a small private plane or a commercial aircraft, the devastation of a crash often leaves survivors with crippling injuries or families mourning the loss of loved ones. Please take a moment to watch this video by Ty Stimpson, an experienced personal injury lawyer who explains who can be held liable when the unexpected happens. https://youtu. be/4CjKZaNjYAM If you or someone you love has been seriously injured or killed in an aviation accident, it's imperative to contact an experienced plane crash attorney as soon as possible. Aviation accident cases are complex, involving federal regulations, multiple parties, and extensive evidence, making experienced legal representation essential. In this article, our Texas plane crash attorneys explain the causes of plane crashes, who can be held liable, and what victims should do to seek justice and compensation when tragedy strikes. Types of Aviation Accidents Not all aviation accidents are the same, and the type of crash can affect the legal claims and parties involved. Here are the most common types of aviation accidents: Commercial Airplane Crashes These involve large passenger jets and often make headlines due to the high number of passengers involved. While rare, these accidents are usually devastating when they occur. Private or Charter Plane Crashes Private aircraft have higher accident rates compared to commercial flights due to less stringent regulations and varying pilot experience levels. Helicopter Accidents Helicopter crashes typically involve sight-seeing tours, medical evacuations, or private operations. These accidents can be the result of poor weather conditions, equipment failure, or pilot error. Airport Ground Accidents Not all aviation accidents happen mid-air. Mishaps during takeoff, landing, or ground handling can also lead to injuries or damage. Causes of Plane Accidents Understanding the causes of plane accidents is indeed crucial for improving aviation safety and determining liability. Let's delve deeper into these common causes: Pilot Error: Pilot error is the most common cause of aviation accidents. These errors can include: - Misjudging weather conditions - Misreading instruments - Failing to follow proper procedures - Poor decision-making during critical phases of flight Air Traffic Control Errors: Mistakes made by air traffic controllers can lead to dangerous situations, such as: - Miscommunication with pilots - Improper instructions - Failure to maintain safe separation between aircraft Maintenance Errors: Improper or inadequate maintenance can contribute to accidents. This includes: - Oversight during routine inspections - Faulty procedures... > Top-rated Denton County criminal defense lawyers. 5 board certified attorneys. 750+ jury trials. DWI, drugs, assault, felonies. Free consult: (940) 252-2220 - Published: 2025-01-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/denton-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/ Varghese Summersett's Denton County defense lawyers handle criminal cases from misdemeanor DWI to capital murder. Our team includes former prosecutors, five board-certified criminal law attorneys, and trial lawyers who have taken over 750 cases to juries. If you've been arrested or charged with a crime in Denton County, call (940) 252-2220 for a free consultation. Facing criminal charges in Denton County puts everything at risk: your job, your family, your reputation, and your freedom. You need attorneys who know the Denton County court system inside and out. Varghese Summersett has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions across North Texas. Our firm includes 70+ team members, four offices, and five attorneys board certified in criminal law or juvenile law, a distinction held by less than 1 percent of Texas lawyers. We've earned more than 1,100 five-star Google reviews from people we've represented. You've Seen Us On Why Should You Hire a Denton County Criminal Defense Lawyer From Varghese Summersett? The outcome of your criminal case depends largely on who represents you. The right attorney knows the local courts, understands how Denton County prosecutors build cases, and has the trial experience to fight when negotiation falls short. Our Denton County criminal defense team includes a former Denton County prosecutor who spent years working inside the Denton County District Attorney's Office. That experience means we know how the State evaluates cases, assigns prosecutors, and makes plea offers in Denton County. We use that insider knowledge to build stronger defenses. We handle cases ranging from DWI and drug possession to capital murder and federal crimes. Whether you're facing marijuana charges, assault allegations, or more serious offenses, our attorneys have secured acquittals, dismissals, and no-bills on cases other firms wouldn't touch. Arrested in Denton County? Talk to a lawyer before you speak to police. Call (940) 252-2220 for a free consultation. How Does a Former Denton County Prosecutor Help Your Defense? All of Varghese Summersett’s senior criminal defense attorneys are former North Texas prosecutors who handled hundreds of misdemeanor and felony cases before transitioning to criminal defense. That experience gives our team firsthand knowledge of how local prosecutors build cases, evaluate evidence, negotiate plea offers, and prepare for trial. Our attorneys have worked inside courtrooms throughout North Texas, including Denton County, and have appeared before many of the same judges and prosecutors handling cases today. They understand the procedures, personalities, and strategies that shape criminal cases at every stage of the process. Because they have served on both sides of the courtroom, our attorneys know how prosecutors prioritize cases, what weaknesses they look for in a defense, and where the government’s case may be vulnerable to challenge. That insight allows our team to develop strategic defenses tailored to the specific facts, courts, and prosecutors involved in each case. When your freedom and future are on the line, experience matters. Varghese Summersett’s team of former prosecutors brings a unique perspective and deep understanding of the North Texas criminal justice system to every... > The Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association has been supporting criminal justice initiatives for over 60 years in Dallas. Learn more. - Published: 2025-01-14 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-lawyers-association/ Learn About the Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association The Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association (DCDLA) stands is dedicated to protecting and ensuring constitutional rights in criminal cases through education, cooperation, and advocacy. The Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association (DCDLA) is one of the oldest criminal defense organizations in the United States, established in 1949. The organization was founded as the country's longest-continuously operating criminal defense organization. Its primary purpose was to represent the criminal defense bar in matters relating to judges, the District Attorney's office, media, commissioner's court, and other political matters Mission and Core Purpose of DCDLA DCDLA's primary mission is threefold: To protect and ensure individual rights guaranteed by both Texas and Federal Constitutions in criminal cases To resist ongoing efforts to curtail these constitutional rights To foster cooperation between defense lawyers through educational programs and other assistance Looking for a Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyer? If you're looking for a Dallas criminal defense lawyer, contact Varghese Summersett. We're conveniently located a 2100 Ross Ave, Suite 950 in Downtown Dallas. Our founder, Benson Varghese, is a long-time member of DCDLA. Our roster includes a former Dallas County prosecutor as well as three Board Certified Criminal Specialists - Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez. With Varghese Summersett you get: Decades of Combined Experience: The team at Varghese Summersett comprises seasoned attorneys well-versed in Texas criminal law, offering clients a deep understanding of the local court system. Strategic Defense Approach: They develop tailored strategies aimed at achieving the best possible outcomes, whether through negotiation or litigation. Client-Centered Service: Communication is a priority. Their attorneys strive to keep clients informed every step of the way and treat every case with the attention it deserves. Proven Track Record: With a history of successful results in high-stakes criminal cases, the firm has established itself as a leading choice for individuals facing serious charges. Call us today at (214) 903-4000 Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Governance and Leadership DCDLA operates under a sophisticated governance structure: Board of Directors: 13 elected officers including: 8 Directors 4 Executive Board members The immediate Past President Executive Board consisting of: President (Chief Executive Officer) President-Elect Treasurer Secretary All board members serve specified terms and must maintain active engagement in criminal defense practice in Dallas County. DCDLA Meetings and Operations The organization maintains a regular meeting schedule: General meetings held monthly on the third Thursday following CLE programs Board meetings conducted on the second Thursday of each month Special structured board meetings that include open discussion with judges followed by closed-door sessions for organization business Social Activities have included a CLE cruise, Night Out at the Ballpark, Clay Pigeon Shoot, and Annual Charity Golf Tournaments. DCDLA Educational Programming DCDLA demonstrates its commitment to professional development through: The annual Judicial Bench Bar Conference, a major continuing legal education event that brings together defense attorneys and members of the judiciary Monthly CLE (Continuing Legal Education) programs Regular educational sessions coordinated by the President-Elect Professional development opportunities for members The DCLDA Strike... > Need a top-rated Keller divorce lawyer? Varghese Summersett offers trusted legal guidance for divorce, custody, and property division in Tarrant County. - Published: 2025-01-13 - Modified: 2026-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/keller-divorce-lawyers/ Our Keller divorce lawyer helps you end your marriage legally while protecting your rights to property, custody, and financial support. If you're considering divorce in Keller, Texas, Varghese Summersett offers experienced legal guidance through every step of the process, from filing the initial petition to finalizing your decree in Tarrant County Family Court. Every year, thousands of Texans make the difficult decision to end their marriage. While divorce is never easy, having the right legal team can make all the difference. Whether you're facing an uncontested divorce or a complex, high-conflict case, our Keller divorce attorneys guide you with clarity, confidence, and solutions tailored to your family. At Varghese Summersett, we have attorneys with decades of combined experience handling divorce, custody disputes, and property division in Tarrant County courts. Our team includes licensed mediators who can help resolve disputes outside of court and seasoned trial lawyers who will fight for you when litigation becomes necessary. We have the resources to handle even the most complex divorce cases. You've Seen Us On What Does Our Keller Divorce Lawyer Do? A Keller divorce lawyer represents you through every phase of the divorce process. This includes filing paperwork with the court, negotiating with your spouse's attorney, and advocating for your interests if your case goes to trial. Your attorney protects your parental rights, helps divide marital property fairly, and works to secure any spousal support you may deserve. Beyond the legal work, a good divorce lawyer also serves as your advisor and strategist. We help you understand what to expect, prepare you for court appearances, and make sure you don't agree to terms that could harm you long-term. What Are the Grounds for Divorce in Texas? Texas is a no-fault divorce state, which means you don't need to prove your spouse did anything wrong to end your marriage. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, the most common ground for divorce is "insupportability," meaning the marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict that destroys the legitimate ends of the marriage with no reasonable expectation of reconciliation. Texas law also allows fault-based grounds for divorce, including cruelty, adultery, conviction of a felony, abandonment, living apart for three years, or confinement in a mental hospital. Proving fault can affect property division and spousal maintenance awards, though the court will still divide the community estate in a "just and right" manner under Texas Family Code § 7. 001. For no-fault divorces based on insupportability, neither spouse bears a burden of proof. The petitioner simply needs to allege that the marriage has become insupportable. For fault-based grounds, the petitioner must prove the alleged misconduct by a preponderance of the evidence. How Long Does a Divorce Take in Keller? Texas requires a minimum 60-day waiting period from the date you file before a divorce can be finalized. Most divorces in Keller and Tarrant County take 2 to 6 months to complete, depending on whether the case is contested or uncontested and how cooperative both spouses are.... > If you are looking specifically for a black criminal defense lawyer in Dallas. With us, you'll be able to find your trusted guide, from almost any background. - Published: 2025-01-07 - Modified: 2025-01-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/black-criminal-defense-lawyer-dallas/ Finding a Black Criminal Defense Lawyer in Dallas It has always been our goal that our firm reflect the diversity of our community. Your lawyer should be your trusted advisor - and we believe nothing should get in the way of that trust. Some of our clients are looking specifically for a black criminal defense lawyer in Dallas. At Varghese Summersett, you'll be able to find your trusted guide, from almost any background. Varghese Summersett has a long tradition of participation and support of individuals and organizations that strive to ensure equal access to justice for all. Sheena Winkfield Sheena Winkfield the first lawyer we added to our Dallas location on Ross Ave. She is a member of the J. L. Turner Legal Association. JLTLA is the African-American Bar Association of Dallas and focuses on providing legal services to underserved communities. She is also a member of the L. Clifford Davis Legal Association, the Fort Worth organization that has the same mission in neighboring Tarrant County. Sheena is also an active member of Dallas Black Women Lawyers Association and the Fort Worth Black Women Lawyers Association. Sheena Winkfield is a member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. Sheena served as a felony prosecutor in Dallas before becoming a successful Dallas criminal defense attorney. Tiffany Burks Tiffany Burks leads the criminal division at Varghese Summersett. She has tried every level of criminal case from misdemeanor assault to capital murder - successfully. She is an active member of the L. CLifford Davis Legal Association as well as the Fort Worth Black Women Lawyers Association. Ty Stimpson Ty Stimpson, who manages the personal injury team of lawyers and staff at Varghese Sumersett is the Immediate Past President on the L. Clifford Davis Legal Association, formerly known as the Fort Worth Black Bar Association. Ty is also a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. Honoring the Legacy of L. Clifford Davis The firm was honored to be a sponsor of the 100th Birthday Celebration of L. Clifford Davis last year. L. Clifford Davis is known for his groundbreaking role in the fight against school segregation in Texas. Through his tireless dedication to civil rights cases, Davis challenged a school system that had long denied Black children equal access to education. His work paved the way for more diverse and inclusive classrooms, creating new pathways for future generations to learn and succeed. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Varghese Summersett PLLC (@versustexas) Davis was one of the first Black attorneys to join the Tarrant County Bar Association, breaking down barriers for lawyers of color in the legal field. By mentoring young attorneys and standing firmly for justice, he influenced both the Black community and the broader legal community. His efforts helped shift the culture toward greater acceptance and equality, leaving a lasting mark on civil rights law in Texas and inspiring many to follow in his footsteps. Contact Varghese Summersett If you're looking specifically for a black criminal defense lawyer in... > The Colleyville divorce lawyers at Varghese Summersett fight to protect what matters most. Call 817-415-1575. - Published: 2025-01-06 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/colleyville-divorce-lawyers/ A Colleyville divorce lawyer helps you end your marriage while protecting your finances, your parental rights, and your future. At Varghese Summersett, our family law attorneys have guided hundreds of clients through every type of divorce, from amicable separations to high-conflict custody battles. We fight to protect what matters most to you. Divorce affects every part of your life: your home, your savings, and your children. Texas law gives judges wide discretion in dividing property and determining custody arrangements. Having an experienced legal team in your corner can make all the difference in how your case is resolved. What Does a Colleyville Divorce Attorney Bring to Your Case? When the stakes are high, you need more than just legal advice. You need a team with the experience, resources, and commitment to fight for your best outcome. Here's what sets our Colleyville divorce attorneys apart: Experience That Counts: Our team has decades of combined experience handling complex divorces in Tarrant County. We've successfully resolved high-net-worth cases, contentious child custody disputes, and intricate property divisions. We know the local judges, understand the system, and have a proven track record of success. Personalized Strategies: Every divorce is different. We tailor our approach to your unique circumstances, leaving no detail unchecked. Our solutions are crafted to meet your specific needs and goals. Skilled Negotiators and Mediators: Many divorces settle through negotiations or mediation rather than going to trial. We have trained attorney-mediators on our team who can help you reach a resolution outside of court. We also have attorneys skilled in collaborative divorce, a process that keeps your divorce private and out of the public record. This approach has become popular with Colleyville residents who value confidentiality. Fierce Trial Lawyers: While many divorces resolve through mediation or negotiation, others require aggressive litigation. If your case requires a courtroom battle, rest assured we will fight for you and protect your interests. Our Colleyville divorce lawyers are skilled trial attorneys with experience handling complex cases involving high-net-worth asset division and contentious custody disputes. Compassionate Counsel: We understand how emotionally draining divorce can be, especially when children are involved. Some of our team members have been through this experience themselves. We listen to you and support you throughout the process. We always put your best interests first and help you make informed decisions for yourself and your family. Team Approach: You don't just get one attorney. You get an entire team of experienced professionals working on your case. If urgent issues arise, someone is always available to answer your questions or address your concerns. You benefit from multiple perspectives and skills, ensuring the best possible outcome. White Glove Service: We prioritize our clients' needs above all else. We take the time to get to know each client and their specific circumstances, providing tailored legal solutions in a calm, discreet environment. That way you can feel supported during one of life's most challenging transitions. Discretion: We prioritize your privacy, especially for high-profile individuals or cases involving sensitive matters.... > At Varghese Summersett, we believe that a single mistake should not define your child's life. Our Houston juvenile defense lawyer has a track record of success. - Published: 2025-01-01 - Modified: 2026-01-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-juvenile-defense-lawyer/ What Does Our Houston Juvenile Defense Lawyer Do? Our Houston juvenile defense lawyer protects children and teenagers facing criminal charges in Harris County's juvenile justice system. Unlike adult courts that focus on punishment, Texas juvenile courts prioritize rehabilitation, giving young people a genuine chance to move forward without a criminal record defining their future. At Varghese Summersett, our juvenile defense attorneys fight to keep your child's future open through dismissals, diversion programs, and records sealing. The stakes in juvenile cases are high. A criminal record can affect college admissions, scholarship eligibility, military service, and employment opportunities for years to come. Our team includes attorneys board-certified in juvenile law who understand both the legal process and what your family is going through. We serve families throughout the Houston metropolitan area, including Harris County, Fort Bend County, and surrounding communities. How Does the Texas Juvenile Justice System Work? The Texas juvenile justice system operates under Title 3 of the Texas Family Code, which governs all proceedings involving children ages 10 to 16 (or up to 17 for certain offenses). The system's foundation is rehabilitation rather than punishment. Judges have broad discretion to craft individualized responses that address the underlying issues contributing to a young person's behavior. This rehabilitation focus creates opportunities that don't exist in adult court. Prosecutors and judges regularly agree to counseling, community service, or deferred prosecution programs that result in no formal adjudication. When cases are handled correctly from the start, many juvenile charges can be resolved without your child ever being formally found "delinquent" (the juvenile equivalent of guilty). Our firm has helped families across Texas protect their children's futures. In a recent case, our attorneys secured acceptance into a deferred prosecution program for a juvenile facing felony drug possession charges. Upon successful completion, the case qualified for records sealing, leaving no public trace of the incident. Note: Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. Each case is unique. What Is Our Approach to Juvenile Defense in Houston? Every juvenile case demands a defense strategy tailored to that specific child and family. When parents contact us worried about their child's future, we start with a thorough evaluation of the circumstances. This includes examining the evidence, understanding your child's background and academic situation, and identifying realistic alternatives to formal adjudication. Our attorneys work directly with prosecutors, juvenile probation officers, and judges to advocate for solutions that address root causes. A teenager struggling with substance use needs treatment, not detention. A first-time offender who made a poor decision under peer pressure deserves a second chance through diversion. We fight for outcomes that hold young people accountable while preserving their opportunities. The difference between a skilled juvenile defense attorney and someone unfamiliar with this specialized area can determine whether your child emerges with a clean record or faces lasting consequences. That's why our juvenile defense team is led by attorneys with board certifications and decades of experience in Texas juvenile courts. What Juvenile Offenses Does Your Houston Team Handle? Our Houston... > Our Fort Worth Collaborative Divorce Lawyer explains the collaborative divorce process and when it may be right for you. - Published: 2024-12-30 - Modified: 2025-02-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-collaborative-divorce-lawyer/ Fort Worth Collaborative Divorce Lawyer: What Makes Collaborative Divorce Different? Collaborative divorce offers a paradigm shift to the traditional way of thinking about divorce. Couples who value privacy, keeping their private matters out of court filings, and using professional to resolve differences can benefit from Collaborative Divorce in Texas. Despite the "collaborative" nature of this, the term Collaborative Divorce in Texas is a term of art. It is not meant to suggest that the soon-to-be divorced couple agrees on everything. In that way, it is quite distinct from an uncontested divorce. What's the difference between a collaborative divorce and an uncontested divorce? An uncontested divorce represents a process where both spouses have already reached complete agreement on all aspects of their separation before filing. This includes property division, child custody, and support arrangements. The uncontested divorce process serves primarily as an administrative function to formalize existing agreements. Collaborative divorce, in contrast, provides a structured negotiation framework where spouses work together to reach mutually beneficial solutions, even when starting with disagreements. This process typically involves both parties retaining separate attorneys and potentially working with additional professionals to achieve comprehensive agreements. Aspect Uncontested Divorce Collaborative Divorce Level of Initial Agreement Complete agreement on all issues before filing May have disagreements that need resolution Professional Team Usually just a lawyer or mediator Team may include financial advisors, child specialists, divorce coaches Process Structure Straight forward filing of agreed-upon terms Series of structured meetings and negotiations Cost Generally lowest-cost option More expensive than uncontested, significantly less than litigation Timeline Typically fastest option (two to four months) Can also take several months to complete, but in some cases it can take longer Flexibility Limited to predetermined agreements Highly flexible with creative solution options Communication Style Minimal communication with the parties expected to have terms agreed upon Extensive direct communication between parties Conflict Resolution Conflicts will quickly turn an uncontested divorce into a contested divroce Built-in process for resolving disagreements Legal Commitment Standard divorce filing Requires signing participation agreement; filing generally kept out to court Transparency and Trust Unlike traditional litigation where information gathering can become adversarial and contentious, collaborative divorce emphasizes complete transparency. As noted by legal experts in the field, all documents relevant to any issues are produced voluntarily rather than through lengthy discovery disputes. This open exchange of information builds trust between parties and allows for more productive problem-solving. Focus on Goals and Interests Rather than taking rigid positions, collaborative divorce encourages participants to identify their underlying interests and goals. This approach, as emphasized in collaborative law training materials, allows for more creative and lasting solutions that benefit both parties and their children. A Team of Professionals Working for You The collaborative process utilizes a team model that brings together specially trained professionals to support families through their divorce - as needed. Each team member plays a specific role: Collaborative Attorneys: Each spouse has their own trained collaborative lawyer who advocates for their interests while maintaining commitment to the process Mental Health Professional/Communications... > Our Dallas DWI Lawyer explains how we have secured dismissals and reductions in DWI cases in Dallas County. - Published: 2024-12-27 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-dwi-lawyer/ In short: A Dallas DWI case will be filed at the Frank Crowley Courts Building, and if you were held after arrest, it was almost certainly at the Dallas County jail next door. You have 15 days to request the hearing that protects your license. A first offense is a Class B misdemeanor, but a high BAC, a child passenger, or a prior conviction raises the stakes quickly. Here is how Dallas County DWI cases actually unfold and how we fight them. How to Mount Your Best Defense After a Dallas DWI Arrest If you've been arrested for DWI in Dallas, you need an experienced defense attorney who can protect your license and fight your charges. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas DWI lawyers have defended thousands of intoxicated driving cases in Dallas County, winning dismissals, reductions, and acquittals for clients facing first-time offenses through felony charges. Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consultation. A DWI arrest feels like the end of your world. The shame, the fear, the uncertainty about your job, your license, your family. We've stood beside hundreds of Dallas residents in that exact moment. What we've learned: this arrest doesn't have to define your future. Dallas County prosecutors are aggressive, but every DWI case has weaknesses. The question is whether you have a defense team that knows how to find them. What Are the Penalties for DWI in Dallas? Texas has some of the harshest DWI penalties in the nation. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, driving while intoxicated is a Class B misdemeanor for a first offense, punishable by 3 to 180 days in jail, fines up to $2,000, and license suspension for 90 days to one year. Penalties escalate sharply with each subsequent offense or aggravating factor. Offense Classification Jail Time Fine License Suspension First Offense Class B Misdemeanor 3-180 days Up to $2,000 90-365 days Second Offense Class A Misdemeanor 30 days-1 year Up to $4,000 180 days-2 years Third Offense Third Degree Felony 2-10 years Up to $10,000 180 days-2 years DWI with Child Passenger State Jail Felony 180 days-2 years Up to $10,000 180 days-2 years Court penalties are just the beginning. A DWI conviction creates a permanent criminal record that cannot be expunged in Texas. You'll face license reinstatement fees of $125, annual surcharges up to $2,000 for three years under the Texas Driver Responsibility Program, and mandatory SR-22 insurance. Your premiums will increase 25% to 300%. Total cost over three years typically ranges from $10,000 to $25,000. The professional fallout can be worse than the legal penalties. Teachers have lost teaching certificates. Nurses have lost nursing licenses. Commercial drivers face permanent CDL disqualification under federal regulations. Security clearances get revoked. Careers built over decades can end because of one night. How Does Texas Define Driving While Intoxicated? Texas law defines DWI in two ways under Texas Penal Code § 49. 01. You can be charged if your blood alcohol concentration is 0. 08% or higher. You can also be... > Find out why our Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer has consistently been named among the best in Texas. - Published: 2024-12-21 - Modified: 2026-01-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/ A Collin County criminal defense lawyer represents people charged with crimes in McKinney, Plano, Frisco, Allen, and throughout Collin County, Texas. If you're facing criminal charges in this fast-growing North Texas county, the decisions you make now will shape your future for years. At Varghese Summersett, our team includes nine former prosecutors and four board-certified criminal defense attorneys who have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. Our attorneys know the Collin County court system inside and out. We've tried cases in front of every criminal court judge in the Russell A. Steindam Courts Building. We've negotiated with Collin County prosecutors hundreds of times. This local experience, combined with our team's 150+ years of combined legal experience, gives our clients a real advantage when their freedom is on the line. Why Hire Varghese Summersett for Your Collin County Case? When you're charged with a crime in Collin County, you need attorneys who can match the resources and experience of the Collin County District Attorney's Office. Our defense team brings credentials that set us apart from other firms. Board-certified expertise: Three of our attorneys (Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez) hold board certification in criminal law from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Only about 1% of Texas lawyers earn this distinction, which requires passing a rigorous exam and demonstrating substantial trial experience. Lisa Herrick holds board certification in juvenile law. Additionally, Mike Hanson and Lisa Herrick are criminal practitioners at our firm who have received Board Certification in Juvenile Law. Former prosecutors: Nine members of our team previously worked as state or federal prosecutors. They know how the other side builds cases, evaluates evidence, and makes plea decisions. This insight helps us anticipate strategies and find weaknesses in the state's case. https://youtu. be/kUqao5jjqfE Trial-tested results: Our attorneys have tried more than 650 jury trials combined. This experience means we're prepared to take your case to trial if that's what it takes to protect your rights. Prosecutors know which defense lawyers will actually show up ready to fight. Proven track record: We've secured over 500 dismissals and grand jury no-bills. We've obtained hundreds of charge reductions. And we've won acquittals in serious felony cases, including a murder charge that went to trial. Client satisfaction: More than 1,100 clients have left us 5-star reviews. We prioritize communication, keeping you informed at every stage of your case. Watch: A Client's Experience https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mxwjWKQvLeg What Criminal Charges Do You Handle in Collin County? We defend clients facing the full range of criminal charges in Collin County courts. From Class C misdemeanors to first-degree felonies and federal offenses, we bring the same level of preparation and dedication to every case. DWI and Intoxication Offenses A DWI conviction in Texas can mean jail time, steep fines, license suspension, and a permanent criminal record. We challenge field sobriety tests, breathalyzer results, blood draws, and police procedures to find weaknesses in the state's case against you. Whether you're facing a first-time DWI or... > Insights from our Johnson County Criminal Defense Lawyer - Published: 2024-12-18 - Modified: 2024-12-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/johnson-county-criminal-defense-lawyer/ Johnson County Criminal Defense Lawyer Facing a felony charge in Johnson County can be an overwhelming experience. The stakes are high, and the potential consequences are life-altering. At Varghese Summersett, we bring decades of combined criminal defense experience to the table. From the days when Dale Hanna served as District Attorney to the current leadership of Tim Good, our firm has defended countless individuals against serious felony charges in the Johnson County courts. We understand the local legal landscape, the prosecutors, and the judges who will handle your case. Our proven track record and in-depth knowledge of the Johnson County criminal justice system ensure that we stand ready to protect your rights and fight aggressively on your behalf. The Johnson County Criminal Court Process Johnson County’s criminal justice system is served by several district courts and county courts at law, each with its own judge, coordinators, and procedures. Understanding the local courts is crucial to building a strong defense. District Courts in Johnson County 18th District Court: Judge Sydney B. Hewlett 249th District Court: Honorable Tiffany Strother 413th District Court: Honorable William Bosworth Guinn Justice Center 204 S Buffalo Ave Cleburne, Texas 76033 Johnson County Courts Guinn Justice Center 204 S. Buffalo Ave. , Cleburne, TX 76033 Court Details District Court 18th District Court 249th District Court 413th County Court at Law 1 County Court at Law 2 Judge Sydney Hewlett Tiffany Strother William Bosworth Robert Mayfield III Steve McClure Room 304 208 207 408 409 Civil Coordinator Teresa Steed 817-556-6193 #1206 Fax: 817-556-6831 Velda Johnson 817-556-6825 #1130 Fax: 817-556-6849 Kori Everett 817-556-6040 #1137 Fax: 817-556-6043 Cindy Monger 817-556-6353 #1340 Fax: 817-556-6399 Debbie Elmore 817-556-6395 #1353 Fax: 817-556-6190 Criminal Coordinator Joy Penny 817-556-6820 Fax: 817-556-6831 Lynda Canty 817-556-6830 #1132 Fax: 817-556-6850 Kori Everett 817-556-6040 #1137 Fax: 817-556-6043 Reba Henry Maralyn Wheeler Understanding the Felony Case Timeline The felony case process in Johnson County typically involves these key stages: Arrest and Booking: Following an arrest, charges are filed, and the accused is booked into jail. Initial Appearance and Bond: The defendant appears before a judge, who sets bond and reviews the charges. Preliminary Hearings: Attorneys discuss evidence, motions, and possible plea agreements. Indictment: A grand jury reviews evidence to determine if there is probable cause to proceed. In Johnson County, discovery has generally only become formally available after indictment. However, our attorneys understand the process through which discovery can be viewed before an indictment. Reviewing discovery and preparing materials to be considered from the defense side has been a key to getting cases no-billed for our firm. Pretrial Motions and Hearings: Both sides prepare for trial, negotiating and filing motions to suppress evidence or dismiss charges. Trial: If no plea agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial where a jury determines guilt or innocence. Who is the Johnson County District Attorney? https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WqkRZLxfvSY How to Look Up a Johnson County Criminal Case Looking up a criminal case in Johnson County is a straightforward process using the county's online... - Published: 2024-12-16 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collaborative-divorce-in-texas/ Understanding Collaborative Divorce in Texas Considering a divorce in Texas but dreading the thought of a bitter court battle? Collaborative divorce offers a better way forward. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about collaborative divorce in Texas, helping you make an informed decision about your future. Unlike traditional court proceedings where divorce records become public, collaborative divorce keeps sensitive personal and financial details private since negotiations happen outside the courtroom, protecting everything from financial statements to custody arrangements. This heightened privacy, combined with the process's dignity and discretion, has made collaborative divorce particularly appealing to high-profile Texans, including professional athletes, celebrities, and business leaders who want to protect their personal brand and keep their divorce details out of the media spotlight. What is Collaborative Divorce in Texas? Collaborative divorce is a peaceful alternative to traditional courtroom divorce. It's a process where you and your spouse work together with specially trained professionals to resolve your divorce without going to court. Each spouse has their own collaborative attorney, and the team often includes neutral experts like financial advisors and child specialists. Key Benefits of Collaborative Divorce Collaborative divorce offers Texas couples substantial benefits by keeping costs significantly lower than traditional litigation while giving them more control over the outcome, as they work directly with a specialized team to create solutions rather than having a judge make decisions for them. The process also protects children from the emotional trauma of courtroom battles, preserves important family relationships for better co-parenting, and typically resolves much faster than traditional divorce - often in months rather than years. Choosing collaborative divorce in Texas offers several significant advantages: Lower costs than traditional litigation Faster resolution of your divorce Private process that keeps your personal matters out of public court records Better outcomes for children More control over the final agreement Preserved relationships for future co-parenting How Does Collaborative Divorce Work in Texas? The collaborative divorce process follows these main steps: 1. Initial Consultation and Team Assembly You'll start by meeting with a collaborative law attorney who will explain the process and help determine if it's right for your situation. Both you and your spouse will need to hire collaborative-trained attorneys. Your team may also include: A neutral financial professional A mental health professional serving as a divorce coach A child specialist (if you have children) 2. Signing the Participation Agreement All parties sign a formal agreement committing to the collaborative process. This agreement includes a crucial provision: if the collaborative process fails, both attorneys must withdraw, and you'll need to hire new lawyers if you decide to go to court. 3. Information Gathering You'll share all relevant financial information, including: Bank statements Tax returns Property documents Retirement account information Business valuations (if applicable) What Issues Can Be Resolved Through Collaborative Divorce? Collaborative divorce can address all aspects of your divorce, including: Property Division Texas is a community property state, meaning assets acquired during marriage are generally split equally. Your collaborative team will... > Board certified criminal defense lawyers with 1,600+ dismissals. Offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Free consultation: 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-12-08 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense/ Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers | Board Certified Skip to content Board Certified · Trial-Tested · DFW & Greater Houston Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers who try cases. Most criminal cases never see a jury, because most criminal defense lawyers won't take one to a jury. We do. We have. Over 700 times. That's the difference prosecutors notice. Set a Consultation → Call Now Where do you stand right now? Criminal defense isn't one thing. The right next step depends on what's already happened, and what hasn't. Just Happened I was arrested You or someone with you was just taken in. The clock starts now. The first 48 hours shape everything that follows. What to do first → In Custody Now A loved one was arrested They're in jail. You need to know about bond, charges, and what they should not say. We can talk you through it tonight. Call us now → Pre-Charge I'm being investigated A detective called. A subpoena arrived. A search warrant was served. Hire counsel before charges are filed, not after. Pre-charge defense → Already Charged I have a court date Charges are filed. You have a setting. You either have a lawyer you don't trust, or no lawyer at all. Both are fixable. Switch counsel → What We Defend The full range of Texas criminal charges. Misdemeanor to capital felony. State court to federal court. Each category links to a deeper guide with the elements, penalties, defenses, and case examples. 01 / STATE COURT Texas State Criminal Charges DWI & Intoxication → First-time DWI, felony DWI, intoxication assault, intoxication manslaughter. Drug Crimes → Possession of a controlled substance, manufacturing, delivery, and possession with intent. Assault & Family Violence → Misdemeanor assault, aggravated assault, family violence, protective orders. Sexual Assault → Sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, and related felony allegations. Sexual Assault of a Child → Indecency, continuous sexual abuse, online solicitation, and registration consequences. Murder & Homicide → Murder, capital murder, manslaughter, criminally negligent homicide. Theft & Property Crimes → Theft, burglary, organized retail theft, UUMV. White Collar & Fraud → Fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, identity theft. 02 / FEDERAL COURT Federal Criminal Defense Federal Drug Conspiracy → Mandatory minimums, USSG calculations, safety valve, cooperation. Federal Firearms Charges → Felon in possession, NFA violations, 924(c) enhancements. Federal Fraud & Financial → Wire fraud, healthcare fraud, tax evasion, money laundering. Supervised Release Violations → Revocation hearings, Chapter 7 calculations, sentencing alternatives. 03 / SPECIAL SITUATIONS Beyond the Charge Juvenile Defense → Delinquency, certification hearings, Board Certified juvenile specialists. Expunctions & Nondisclosures → Clear arrests and seal records where Texas law permits. Probation Violations → Motions to revoke, motions to adjudicate, modifications. Why It Matters Credentials prosecutors actually recognize. We have 10 criminal defense lawyers. Three are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Two more are Board Certified in Juvenile Law. Half our criminal team holds a Board Certification, a credential held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys overall. Several of... > Our Dallas motorcycle accident lawyer explains what you need to know (and do) after a motorcycle accident that was not your fault. - Published: 2024-11-30 - Modified: 2025-12-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/ Motorcycle Accidents in Dallas: Why You Need Varghese Summersett If you've been hurt in a Dallas motorcycle accident, you may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 33. 001, meaning you can recover damages as long as you're less than 51% at fault. The motorcycle accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett fight insurance company bias and maximize compensation for injured riders across the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Motorcycle crashes often cause catastrophic injuries because riders lack the structural protection cars provide. Even low-speed collisions can result in broken bones, road rash, or traumatic brain injuries that require months of treatment and thousands in medical expenses. Texas Department of Transportation data shows that motorcycle fatalities increased 8% statewide in recent years, with Dallas County among the highest for serious crashes. What Causes Most Motorcycle Accidents in Dallas? Negligent drivers cause the vast majority of motorcycle collisions. Distracted driving tops the list. Motorists checking phones, adjusting GPS, or eating behind the wheel simply don't see motorcyclists until it's too late. Under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 4251, using a handheld device while driving is illegal, and violation can serve as evidence of negligence in your injury claim. Impaired driving remains deadly for motorcyclists. Drunk or drugged drivers exhibit reduced reaction times, impaired judgment, and difficulty tracking smaller vehicles like motorcycles. Texas Penal Code § 49. 04 makes it a crime to operate a vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08% or higher, and intoxication manslaughter under § 49. 08 applies when impaired driving causes death. Aggressive driving behaviors put riders at extreme risk. Speeding, tailgating, weaving through lanes, and failing to yield create situations where motorcyclists have no escape route. Running red lights, ignoring stop signs, making illegal turns, and failing to signal lane changes are all violations of Texas traffic law that establish driver negligence when they cause crashes. Injuries Common in Dallas Motorcycle Crashes Without the protection of a vehicle frame, airbags, or seatbelts, motorcyclists absorb the full force of impact. The injuries are often severe and life-altering. Traumatic brain injuries occur even when riders wear helmets. Concussions, skull fractures, and closed-head injuries can cause permanent cognitive deficits, personality changes, and chronic headaches. Texas doesn't require helmets for riders over 21 who meet certain insurance or training requirements under Texas Transportation Code § 661. 003, but helmet use significantly reduces TBI severity. Spinal cord damage can result in partial or complete paralysis. Herniated discs, fractured vertebrae, and nerve damage may require multiple surgeries and lifelong rehabilitation. Many victims never return to their previous employment or activity level. Road rash sounds minor but can be devastating. When skin contacts pavement at speed, the friction strips away multiple layers of tissue, sometimes down to muscle or bone. These wounds often require skin grafts, leave permanent scarring, and carry high infection risk. Other serious injuries include crushed or amputated limbs, internal organ... - Published: 2024-11-29 - Modified: 2024-11-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/videographer/ Videographer Are you passionate about capturing stunning visuals and creating sharp, high-quality video content? If so, we want to hear from you! Varghese Summersett is hiring a talented Videographer to join our team. About the Role As the second full-time videographer on our team, you will focus on shooting crisp, professional-quality videos that highlight people’s stories and experiences. You’ll work in our in-house studio, office settings, and outdoor locations, collaborating closely with our content team to bring our vision to life. Editing may occasionally be part of your work, but your main focus will be on filming. Key Responsibilities Capture professional-grade video footage of people in various settings, including interviews, testimonials, and team features. Set up and manage lighting, sound, and filming logistics for all shoots. Collaborate with the content team to align on storytelling and production goals. Conduct on- and off-location shoots to capture engaging, high-quality footage. Edit raw footage using Adobe Premiere, Final Cut Pro, and other video editing software to create polished final products. Incorporate motion graphics and visual effects using Adobe After Effects and other tools as needed. Qualifications Proven experience in professional videography, with a focus on people-centered content. Strong knowledge of lighting, sound, and camera equipment for indoor and outdoor shoots. Demonstrated ability to produce sharp, high-quality video under a variety of conditions. Excellent attention to detail and ability to work independently. Strong collaboration and communication skills. We Want You Here If: You love storytelling through visuals and capturing meaningful moments. You are tech-savvy and detail-oriented. You thrive in a collaborative, creative environment. You are dedicated to producing high-quality work. Test Requirement To apply, submit a test video showcasing your ability to shoot crisp, high-quality footage of a person speaking indoors. The video must demonstrate your technical skills in lighting, sound, and overall video clarity. You must shoot, edit, and produce this video on your own. Your video will be judged based on how crisp the video is, how you have framed the subject, and the quality of the video and sound. Compensation and Benefits Pay: $45,000. 00 - $60,000. 00 per year Benefits Include: 401(k) with matching Dental insurance Health insurance Health savings account Life insurance Paid time off Vision insurance Schedule Monday to Friday Work Location: In person How to Apply Submit your resume, cover letter, and test video to benson at versustexas dot com. Your cover letter must include a paragraph about a favorite project you worked on and why it resonated with you. Applications without the test video or cover letter will not be considered. We can’t wait to see your creative talent in action! > Located in the heart of the Westchase Business District, Varghese Summersett Houston is conveniently located for residents of Harris and Fort Bend Counties. - Published: 2024-11-24 - Modified: 2026-02-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston/ Welcome to Varghese Summersett Houston Located in the heart of the Westchase business district, Varghese Summersett (Personal Injury and Criminal Defense Lawyers) proudly serves clients throughout Harris County and Fort Bend County. Our Houston office is conveniently situated on the eighth floor of the 2925 Briarpark Building, a modern, 12-story structure prominently visible from Briarpark Drive. With ample parking and an accessible location near major thoroughfares, visiting us is straightforward and stress-free. Whether you need legal assistance for a personal injury claim or a criminal defense matter, we’re here to help. Varghese Summersett Houston at a Glance Address: Varghese Summersett (Houston) 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850 Houston, TX 77042 Phone: 281-805-2220 Hours: Monday–Friday, 8:00 AM–5:00 PM, Weekends: By Appointment Directions to Varghese Summersett Houston From the Sam Houston Tollway (Beltway 8): Head west from Sam Houston Tollway. Turn south onto Briarpark Drive. Continue for approximately 0. 3 miles. The 2925 Briarpark Building will be on your right. From Westpark Drive: Drive west on Westpark Drive. Merge north onto W. Sam Houston Parkway S. Turn right onto Richmond Avenue, then left onto Briarpark Drive. The office will be in the 2925 Briarpark Building. For your convenience, the Google Maps embed below provides precise directions: Why Choose Varghese Summersett Houston? Local: Whether your case is in Harris County or Fort Bend County, we're here for you. We're experienced in these couurts and provide an approach that is tailored to the unique legal landscape of these jurisdictions. Convenient Location: We easily accessible in West Houston, so coming to visit is a breeze. Comprehensive Services: We provide a comprehensive range of services in personal injury and criminal defense. Client-Centered Approach: We prioritize clear communication and personalized legal strategies to achieve the best outcomes for our clients. Criminal Defense in Houston At Varghese Summersett, we understand how overwhelming it can be to face criminal charges. That’s why we provide tenacious, results-driven representation for individuals in Houston and the surrounding areas. Our attorneys have deep experience navigating the Harris County court system, and we’re here to protect your rights, freedom, and future. We handle a broad spectrum of criminal cases, including but not limited to: DWI and DUI Offenses: Fighting to minimize penalties and keep your record clean. Drug Possession and Trafficking: Challenging searches, seizures, and evidence. Assault and Domestic Violence: Defending your side of the story with precision. White-Collar Crimes: Safeguarding your reputation and professional future. Theft and Burglary: Developing tailored strategies to fight property crime charges. Probation Violations: Helping you avoid further penalties and restore your probation terms. Juvenile Defense Facing a misdemeanor or a serious felony can feel daunting, but you don’t have to go through it alone. At Varghese Summersett, our skilled criminal defense lawyers are dedicated to delivering strategic, aggressive advocacy to achieve the best possible outcome for your case. When the stakes are high, we’re the team you can trust. Personal Injury Representation in Houston An unexpected injury can turn your life upside down—but you don’t have to face the... - Published: 2024-11-11 - Modified: 2024-11-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/executive-assistant/ Executive Assistant Do you have an eye for detail and love working in a fast-paced environment? Are you looking for a fun place to work and grow? If so, this Executive Assistant opportunity may be your dream job!   To be considered for this position, you must follow the instructions on this page to the letter. About the Role We're seeking an exceptionally organized and proactive Executive Assistant to provide comprehensive support to our company's founders, Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett. In this role, you'll serve as the dynamic duo's right hand, allowing them to focus on the growth and development of the business. Key Responsibilities Manage complex calendars and coordinate meetings, appointments, and travel arrangements with precision Handle a wide range of administrative tasks, from vendor management to event coordination Execute local tasks and complete errands Manage professional and personal calendars Qualifications Bachelor's degree preferred but not required for candidates with relevant experience Strong verbal and written communication abilities Impeccable attention to detail and exceptional organizational skills Proven experience as an Executive Assistant, Personal Assistant, or similar role If you're a self-starter with a positive attitude and a passion for making the impossible possible, we want to hear from you! This role offers competitive compensation, great benefits, and the opportunity to work with an incredible team. How to Apply Ready to join our team as the Executive Assistant extraordinaire? Send your resume and cover letter to benson at versustexas. com. Your cover letter must contain a paragraph about a book you read recently - and why you liked it or did not. We will not consider any applications that do not follow this instruction. We want you here in this position if: You love people. We help them during the toughest times of their lives, and we provide a level of service that goes beyond anything in our industry. We call this connecting with compassion. You are tech-savvy. You must be drama-free. We have cultivated a drama-free workplace. We are big believers in being accountable to ourselves and taking responsibility for the things we can change. You love working hard and being rewarded for it. Our goal is to nurture the best of the best. You'll hear us say we want to be end game for our people - the place they come and stay because they couldn't imagine working anywhere else. Thanks for reading until the end. Job Type: Full-time Pay: $50,000 - $65,000. 00 per year Benefits: Dental Insurance Health Insurance 401k 14 days Paid time off 10 Holidays 5 days Work From Home Parental leave Vision insurance Pet Adoption Leave Shift: 8 hour shift Day shift Weekly day range: Monday to Friday Work setting: In-person in Fort Worth > Our Houston car accident lawyer explains why Houston has so many fatal car accidents. - Published: 2024-11-07 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-car-accident-lawyer/ If you were just in a wreck in Houston, you are probably dealing with pain, a totaled car, and an insurance adjuster who is already calling. Here is what you need to know first. What You Need to Know Houston has more car accidents than any city in Texas, roughly 67,600 in 2023, and Harris County claims run through some of the busiest courts and insurers in the state. You generally have two years from the crash date to file under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 16. What decides your outcome is how fast the scene and vehicle evidence is preserved, how your injuries are documented, and how the at-fault insurer is handled before they lock in a lowball offer. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation with the Varghese Summersett injury team at our Houston office on Briarpark Drive. You pay nothing unless we recover money for you. What Should You Do After a Houston Car Accident? The steps you take in the first days after a crash can significantly affect what you recover. Get medical care right away, even if you feel okay, because gaps in treatment are one of the first things insurers use to devalue a claim. Photograph the scene and the vehicles if you can, keep every bill and record, and do not give a recorded statement to the other driver's insurance company before talking to a lawyer. We walk through each step in our guide on what to do after a car accident. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 16, you generally have two years from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit. Missing that deadline typically means losing your right to compensation entirely. Insurance companies often move quickly to minimize their payouts. They may contact you within days offering a settlement that seems generous but falls far short of covering your actual damages. Having a lawyer handle those conversations protects you from saying something that gets used against you later. What Compensation Can You Recover After a Houston Car Accident? Texas personal injury law allows accident victims to seek both economic and non-economic damages. Economic damages cover quantifiable losses like medical bills, lost wages, and property damage. Non-economic damages cover pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life. These losses add up fast. Medical bills after a serious wreck can reach tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars, and many victims need months of rehabilitation or ongoing care. More than 42,000 Houston accidents in 2023 also involved property damage, leaving families paying to repair or replace vehicles they depend on. In cases involving drunk driving or extreme recklessness, Texas law may also allow punitive damages to punish the at-fault driver. What your case is worth depends on the severity of your injuries, the strength of the evidence, and the available insurance coverage. That is why the investigation matters so much. How Our Houston Car Accident Lawyers Build Your Case Our approach starts... > We are looking to fill a family lawyer position in Dallas with just the right person. Find out more. - Published: 2024-11-05 - Modified: 2026-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/family-lawyer-position/ Join Our Dallas Team as a Family Lawyer We’ve seen tremendous growth in our family law division and we’re looking to expand our team – with the best of the best in family law. As our firm grows, we are looking to bring our signature level of service to Dallas. If you are a motivated self-starter with an excellent track record and reputation in Dallas, we want to talk to you. We help individuals and families navigate emotionally charged family law matters, including divorce, mediation, child custody disputes, child support, property and asset division, spousal support, prenuptial agreements, and post-divorce modifications. We aim to make this time as painless as possible for our clients while achieving exceptional results. https://youtu. be/f7Uek6vYlpY Who We Are Looking For We are proud of our firm family and are looking for just the right Associate Attorney (or Senior Associate) to join our family law practice. The best candidates are results-oriented, solution-focused, and team players. They love the law and are fierce advocates for their clients. They have a can-do attitude and are willing to do whatever it takes, whenever needed, to get the job done. If you think you fit the bill, keep reading. Qualities That Will Set You Apart You love people. We help them during the toughest times of their lives, and we provide a level of service that goes beyond anything in our industry. We call this connecting with compassion (and there's our fourth core value, if you're counting). You are tech-savvy. We leverage technology to enhance the client journey. New tools and new processes mean you have to be able to adapt as technology changes to stay on the cutting edge of the level of service we provide our clients. You must be drama-free. We have cultivated a drama-free workplace. We are big believers in being accountable to ourselves and taking responsibility for the things we can change. You love working hard and being rewarded for it. Our goal is to nurture the best of the best. You'll hear us say we want to be end game for our people - the place they come and stay because they couldn't imagine working anywhere else. What You’ll Do The family lawyer will be responsible for all aspects of family law litigation and will: Handle family law cases from start to finish; Conduct potential client interviews and develop strategies for each case; Prepare cases for mediation, hearings, and trial; Handle discovery, including requests for production of documents, depositions, and interrogatories; Review pleadings, motions, and orders; Conduct legal research as needed; Maintain excellent client communication and develop strong relationships with clients and court personnel; and Positively represent our firm and brand in court, in the community, and online. https://youtu. be/MroXuzex5Gs What You Need At least three years of family law experience A passion to be outstanding A growth-mindset A reputation for providing white glove service https://youtu. be/55s77SQrhpQ What You’ll Get An opportunity to grow with a fast-paced and expanding law firm A competitive salary... > Our Harris County Criminal Defense Attorney team stands ready for you. - Published: 2024-11-03 - Modified: 2024-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/harris-county-criminal-defense-attorney/ Harris County Criminal Defense: Your Guide to Expert Legal Representation When facing criminal charges in Harris County, Texas, the choice of your defense attorney can make the difference between a favorable outcome and serious consequences. With over 75,000 criminal cases processed annually through its 22 criminal courts and specialized courts, Harris County operates one of the nation's largest and most complex criminal justice systems. In this challenging legal landscape, the Harris County Criminal Defense Attorney team at Varghese Summersett stands as the premier choice for criminal defense representation. Why Varghese Summersett Leads Harris County Criminal Defense With our team of lawyers practicing criminal defense in Harris County, Varghese Summersett has distinguished itself through a combination of board-certified excellence, deep local experience, and specialized legal teams. This unique combination of qualities makes them the top choice for anyone facing criminal charges in Harris County. Board Certified Excellence Sets Us Apart What truly distinguishes Varghese Summersett is its exceptional team of board-certified attorneys. Letty Martinez, Benson Varghese, and Anna Summersett hold Board Certification in Criminal Law from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization—an achievement earned by less than 1% of Texas attorneys. This rare distinction demonstrates their mastery of criminal law and commitment to excellence in legal representation. Additionally, Lisa Herrick's specialized Board Certification in Juvenile Law makes her uniquely qualified to handle cases involving minors in Harris County's juvenile justice system. This specialized expertise ensures that younger clients receive representation from an attorney who thoroughly understands the unique aspects of juvenile law and the specific procedures of Harris County's juvenile courts. Unmatched Harris County Experience Success in Harris County's criminal courts requires more than just legal knowledge - it demands familiarity with local procedures, contacts with court personnel, and understanding of judicial preferences. Varghese Summersett brings: Extensive experience practicing in all Harris County criminal courts Deep knowledge of Harris County's specific procedures and local rules Proven track record of successful outcomes in Harris County courts Navigating the Harris County Criminal Justice System Initial Stages of Your Criminal Case The first steps following an arrest in Harris County are crucial, and having experienced legal representation can significantly impact your case's outcome. Here's what to expect: Initial Appearance Your first court appearance typically occurs at the Joint Processing Center (JPC) at 700 N. San Jacinto within 24-48 hours of arrest. During this critical phase, Varghese Summersett's attorneys can advocate for favorable bail conditions and protect your rights from the very beginning. Bail or Bond Hearing Harris County's bail system has undergone significant reforms in recent years. Our attorneys understand these changes and can help you navigate: Personal bonds for qualifying non-violent offenses Pretrial services supervision options Remote hearing possibilities Arguments for reduced bond amounts The Court Process As your case moves through the Harris County court system, Varghese Summersett's experience becomes invaluable: Arraignment Arraignments take place at the criminal courts building at 1201 Franklin St. Our attorneys' early intervention can sometimes prevent formal charges from being filed, potentially saving you from a criminal... > Find out how our Houston personal injury lawyer has built a reputation for unparalleled results and unmatched service. - Published: 2024-11-03 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-personal-injury-lawyer/ Injured in Houston? Get Aggressive Representation That Delivers Results. When a serious accident changes your life, you need a personal injury team that fights like your future depends on it - because it does. Our Houston personal injury lawyer team at Varghese Summersett helps accident victims recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain after someone else's negligence causes harm. Our attorneys have recovered millions in settlements and verdicts for injured Texans. We take cases on contingency, meaning you pay nothing unless we win. Houston's roads rank among the deadliest in Texas. Harris County recorded over 800 traffic fatalities in 2023, according to TxDOT crash data. If you or a loved one suffered injuries in a crash, workplace accident, or premises incident, our team is ready to hold negligent parties accountable and fight for every dollar you deserve. Meet Our Houston Personal Injury Lawyers Our Houston personal injury team is led by Ty Stimpson and includes trial attorneys Damian Williams, Katie Steele, and Taylor Brumbaugh. Every attorney on this team prepares cases as if they're going to trial — and that mindset is what separates us from firms that settle cheap and move on. Damian N. Williams is a Partner in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division and a former prosecutor who brings a trial-first approach to every case he handles. Damian is known for taking on complex, high-stakes matters involving catastrophic injuries and wrongful death — particularly trucking and auto collisions, oilfield and industrial accidents, construction-site injuries, and dangerous products. His ability to uncover systemic corporate failures and present them to juries has resulted in multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements across Texas. Opposing counsel and insurance companies know Damian as a lawyer who cannot be pressured into undervaluing a case. Together, this team combines former insurance defense experience, prosecutorial backgrounds, and deep litigation resources to give you every advantage against the insurance companies fighting to minimize your claim. What Sets Our Houston Personal Injury Attorneys Apart? We take a different approach than typical personal injury firms. Our founder, Benson Varghese, worked as an insurance adjuster before law school and served as counsel for an insurance defense firm during law school. Those experiences gave him a firsthand understanding of how insurance companies evaluate, defend, and devalue claims — and the ability to unpack and expose weaknesses in the defenses they raise. That perspective is baked into how our entire team approaches every case from day one. Unlike large firms where clients become case numbers, you'll work directly with your attorney throughout your case. We personally oversee every matter, ensuring you always have access to the lawyer handling your claim. Over the entire state, 0ur firm has earned recognition from Best Lawyers in America and maintains over 1,100 five-star reviews from past clients. We've built this reputation by treating every client like family and fighting for maximum compensation in every case. What Compensation Can You Recover After a Houston Accident? Texas law allows injury victims to seek several types of damages.... > Sheena Winkfeild is a senior associate at Varghese Summersett, where she focuses on state and federal criminal defense. - Published: 2024-10-18 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/sheena-winkfield/ Sheena Winkfield Senior Associate Sheena Winkfield is a Senior Associate in Varghese Summersett's Criminal Defense Division, where her primary focus is defending clients facing serious felony charges. Before transitioning to private practice, Sheena served as a felony prosecutor in Tarrant and Dallas Counties, bringing a wealth of knowledge and experience in criminal law, high-stakes trials, and case strategy. During her legal career, Sheena has handled virtually every type of criminal case, ranging from DWI to capital murder, as well as federal offenses. She is a formidable trial attorney known for her strong presence, persuasive arguments, and ability to handle complex cases under pressure. Outside the courtroom, Sheena is a dedicated advocate for her clients, offering clear guidance and support during what is often a difficult and uncertain time in their lives. She takes the time to understand each client's unique situation, ensuring they are well informed and prepared at every stage of their criminal case. https://youtu. be/nx-8i4jzMZA Background Sheena grew up in Arlington, where she graduated from Martin High School. She attended Texas A&M University, where she graduated in 2007 with a degree in political science. After college, she worked as a substitute teacher for Fort Worth ISD before pursuing a law degree at Texas A&M University School of Law. After excelling in law school, Sheena served as a prosecutor at the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office for nearly five years before joining the Dallas District Attorney's Office. As a felony prosecutor, she handled every type of homicide and violent crime, including aggravated assaults, robberies, and sexual assaults. Now applying that experience and insider knowledge to criminal defense, Sheena zealously represents her clients, working tirelessly to achieve the best possible outcome in each case. In her free time, Sheena enjoys working out, traveling, and attending sporting events. Education Texas A&M University School of Law, Juris Doctor, 2014 Texas A&M University, B. A. Political Science, 2008 Bar Admissions State Bar of Texas U. S. District Court, Northern District of Texas Honors, Awards, and Memberships Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2025 Top Attorney, Southlake Style, 2025 Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2025 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2023, 2024, 2025 Dallas Icon of the Month, ICONS of Dallas, 2025 Member, L. Clifford Davis Legal Association Member, Dallas Women Lawyers Association Member, JL Turner Legal Association Member, Junior League of Dallas Member, Dallas Association of Young Lawyers Member, Tarrant County Defense Lawyers Association Member, Tarrant County Bar Association Member, Criminal Justice Section, State Bar of Texas Sister, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated Recipient, National Order of the Barristers, Texas A&M University School of Law Recipient, MacLean & Boulward Endowed Law School Scholarship, Texas A&M University School of Law Regional Mock Trial Champion, Texas A&M University School of Law Student Leader, Black Law School Association, Texas A&M University School of Law First Runner-Up, Miss Black and Gold Scholarship Pageant Debutante, The Fort Worth Assembly, Class of 2006 Areas Of Practice State Criminal Defense Federal Criminal Defense Felonies Homicides Violent Offenses Sex Crimes Gang Crimes Gun... > Learn more about the intake specialist position at Varghese Summersett - Published: 2024-10-17 - Modified: 2024-10-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/intake-specialist/ Intake Specialist We are not your average law firm; this is no average job description. We want people who love people and want to work specifically for our firm. We know the application process is more involved than most, but it is because we are looking for folks looking for a long-term home and even ones who believe Varghese Summersett is their "end game. " To be considered for this position, follow the instructions on this page to the letter. The Intake Specialist position is an advanced inbound sales position at the firm. It is an important position and one that there is quite a bit of competition for. For over a decade, we have built a reputation for delivering unparalleled results and unmatched service. In fact, those are two of our core values. We are protective of our people - both our clients and each other. (Another core value. ) So we're pretty particular about who we invite to be on the team - and especially this position. We want you here in this position if: You love people. We help them during the toughest times of their lives, and we provide a level of service that goes beyond anything in our industry. We call this connecting with compassion (and there's our fourth core value, if you're counting). You are tech-savvy. We leverage technology to enhance the client journey. New tools and new processes mean you have to be able to adapt as technology changes to stay on the cutting edge of the level of service we provide our clients. You must be drama-free. We have cultivated a drama-free workplace. We are big believers in being accountable to ourselves and taking responsibility for the things we can change. You love working hard and being rewarded for it. Our goal is to nurture the best of the best. You'll hear us say we want to be end game for our people - the place they come and stay because they couldn't imagine working anywhere else. What will you do as a Intake Specialist? You will talk to callers who need an attorney with compassion and guide the potential client in the journey of becoming a client. The position’s focus is to confidently present information about our firm and attorneys to potential clients with the goal of encouraging the decision to hire our firm. This position requires strong communication skills by phone, text, email and through our secure client portal. Our intake specialists must be able to manage a high call volume and work effectively on a deadline. Daily Job Duties: Answer a high volume of incoming calls to the firm, maintaining excellent customer service at all times. Promptly respond to potential client questions and messages by phone, email or through our case management platform. Follow-up potential clients about firm representation. Maintain and update statistics related to potential new client intakes. Coordinate calls, meetings, and communications between attorneys and potential clients to facilitate representation. Follow-up on all overnight or missed calls... > Facing assault charges in Fort Bend County? Our former prosecutors fight for you. 1,600+ dismissals. Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation." - Published: 2024-10-07 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-assault-lawyer/ An assault charge in Fort Bend County can change everything. Your job, your family, your freedom are all on the line. Whether you're facing a misdemeanor or a felony, the time to act is now. Our team includes Mike Hanson, a former Fort Bend County prosecutor and Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialist who handles both criminal and juvenile cases in this county every day. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with 70+ legal professionals, five board-certified attorneys, and a track record of more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions across Texas. When the stakes are this high, experience matters, and our team's deep knowledge of Fort Bend County courts gives you a real advantage. You've Seen Us On Why Choose Varghese Summersett as Your Fort Bend Assault Lawyer? When you hire Varghese Summersett to handle your Fort Bend assault case, you get a full team behind you, not a solo practitioner. Our criminal defense practice is built around early intervention, thorough investigation, and aggressive advocacy at every stage of the case. Mike Hanson is a former Fort Bend County prosecutor and Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialist who handles criminal and juvenile cases throughout this county. His time on the other side of the courtroom gives him a clear understanding of how Fort Bend prosecutors build their cases and where they're most vulnerable. From the moment you call us, we get to work. We conduct an independent investigation, review all available evidence, identify constitutional issues, and engage with prosecutors before charges are filed when possible. We are transparent communicators, and you will know where your case stands and what your options are at every step. If your case needs to go to trial, we are ready. The firm's track record speaks for itself: more than 1,600 dismissals, 800+ charge reductions, five board-certified attorneys, and over 100 years of combined legal experience across our team. We measure our success by yours. What Are the Different Types of Assault Charges in Fort Bend County? Texas law defines assault in several ways under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01. The charge you face depends on the relationship between the parties, the severity of the alleged harm, and whether a weapon was involved. Understanding the differences matters, because each carries its own penalties and its own defense strategy. The table below shows every assault-related charge covered on this page, the offense level, and the maximum punishment range. Use it as a starting point, then read the detailed explanations below to understand what the State must prove for each one. Charge Statute Level Maximum Punishment Assault by Contact § 22. 01(a)(3) Class C Misdemeanor $500 fine; no jail Assault Causing Bodily Injury § 22. 01(a)(1) Class A Misdemeanor 1 year jail; $4,000 fine Assault Family Violence (first offense) § 22. 01(a)(1) Class A Misdemeanor 1 year jail; $4,000 fine Assault Family Violence (with prior conviction) § 22. 01(b)(2)(A) Third-Degree Felony 2–10 years; $10,000 fine Assault by Strangulation / Impeding Breathing... > We are looking for a Graphics Project Manager to add to our team. - Published: 2024-10-04 - Modified: 2024-10-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/graphics-project-manager/ Graphics Project Manager We are looking for a Graphics Project Manager. We want you here in this position if: You have a strong design background. We're looking for someone who can not only create stunning visuals but also understand and execute our specific brand vision. You excel at managing remote talent. We need someone who can efficiently handle a constant flow of design requests by finding and coordinating with virtual designers worldwide. You have exceptional communication skills. Listening to our vision and translating it accurately to other designers is crucial for this role. You thrive in a fast-paced, perfectionist environment. Our firm is growing, and we explore every opportunity to get our name out there. You must be able to work quickly without compromising quality. A Career at Varghese Summersett We are not your average law firm; this is no average job description. We want people who love people and want to work specifically for our firm. We know the application process is more involved than most, but it is because we are looking for folks looking for a long-term home and even ones who believe Varghese Summersett is their "end game. " To be considered for this position, you must follow the instructions on this page to the letter. What will you do as a Graphics Project Manager? You'll be the cornerstone of our visual branding efforts, managing a wide array of projects from social media content to magazine ads and website designs. You'll both create designs yourself and coordinate with remote talent to ensure all projects are completed efficiently and to our exacting standards. Graphics Project Manager Job Duties Manage and execute various graphic design projects, including social media content, magazine ads, YouTube thumbnails, and website assets. Source, hire, and manage remote design talent to handle overflow work and specialized projects. Communicate our brand vision clearly to both in-house team members and remote designers. Ensure all design work meets our high standards and specific brand guidelines. Adapt to feedback and iterate on designs without ego to achieve the perfect result. Stay up-to-date with design trends and technologies to keep our visual brand cutting-edge. Desired Qualifications for Graphics Project Manager Strong background in graphic design with a versatile portfolio. We prefer experience in project management, particularly in creative fields. Ability to source and manage remote talent. Excellent communication skills, both written and verbal. Bachelor's degree in Graphic Design, Visual Arts, or related field preferred. Proficiency in industry-standard design software Strong organizational and time management skills Ability to work under pressure and meet tight deadlines Adaptability and willingness to learn new skills as our needs evolve Experience in brand management is a plus Understanding of legal industry branding is beneficial but not required. Please send a resume and cover letter addressed to Benson Varghese, Managing Partner In your cover letter, make sure you include a paragraph about the book you most recently read, and tell us why you liked or did not like the book. (There's the primary instruction you... > Tim Good is the District Attorney-Elect for Johnson County and currently Of Counsel for Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-10-04 - Modified: 2025-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/tim-good/ Timothy M. Good 1/1/2025 Update: Tim Good is now the District Attorney for Johnson County. Tim previously served as Of Counsel for Varghese Summersett. He is Board-Certified in Criminal Law, which puts him in an elite class of lawyers considered experts in their field. In fact, there are only 775 Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialists in the entire state of Texas — and just four total in Johnson and Somervell counties. For the past decade, Good has served as a prosecutor and an advocate for the most vulnerable in society. He served for the last seven years as a prosecutor with the Johnson County District Attorney's Office, handling hundreds of cases, including murder, domestic violence, drug possession, child pornography, and sexual abuse of children. Prior to that, he served with the Nueces County Attorney's Office, representing CPS in emergency removal hearings and trials in cases of severe neglect and abuse of children. Background A native of Texas, Good was born and raised in Fort Worth. He graduated from Grace Preparatory Academy in Arlington before earning his undergraduate degree from the University of Texas at Arlington. He attended law school at Liberty University in Virginia, where he received his Juris Doctor and met his future wife, Melanie. They currently live in Johnson County, where they are raising two young sons. Education Liberty University Juris Doctor, 2010 The University of Texas at Arlington, College of Business Bachelor of Business Administration, 2007 Honors, Awards & Memberships Board Certified in Criminal Law, 2021 Member, Texas District & County Attorneys Association Member, Johnson County Bar Association Member, State Bar of Texas Learn more about Johnson County District Attorney Tim Good https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WqkRZLxfvSY Varghese Summersett Practice Areas Click here for information on our Johnson County Criminal Defense Lawyer. Personal Injury Family Juvenile Criminal > Jennifer Saperstein is the Development Lead at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-10-04 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/jennifer-saperstein/ Jennifer Saperstein Development Lead Jennifer Saperstein is the Development Lead for Varghese Summersett, where she is responsible for establishing strong relationships with the firm's employees and fostering their continued development and growth. In this role, she facilitates new hire training, benefits administration, and employee retention efforts. She also serves as the liaison between leadership and staff to ensure open communication and works closely with the Operations Director to develop and implement firm-wide initiatives. Jennifer is also overseeing the integration and automation of a new case management software system developed by the firm's founder to streamline processes and improve efficiency. This project has been a major focus, and Jennifer's leadership and guidance are crucial to its successful implementation. With more than a decade of experience in organizational development, Jennifer brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to her role as Development Lead. She is instrumental in maintaining a positive work environment by implementing strategies that enhance employee satisfaction and performance. Background Jennifer grew up in Denton and graduated from Lake Dallas High School. She went on to attend Texas Woman's University as a first-generation college student, earning her bachelor's degree in 2011. She then pursued graduate studies at Oklahoma State University, where she obtained a master's degree in Educational Leadership with a focus on College Student Development in 2013. For the next 11 years, she worked in a university setting—at Texas Christian University, East Carolina University, and University of Texas at Arlington—in housing and residence life. During this time, she gained valuable experience working closely with students and young professionals as they navigated their educational and career journeys, giving her a unique perspective she now brings to her role at Varghese Summersett. Jennifer’s background and experience have deepened her understanding of the critical role professional development and continuous learning play in individual and organizational success. She is passionate about helping others reach their full potential, believing that investing in employees' personal and professional growth not only benefits them but also strengthens the firm's overall success. Outside of work, Jennifer enjoys reading, crafting, playing pickleball, and spending time with her husband and young daughter. Fun Fact: Jennifer has been playing sports since she was 7 years old and has never broken a bone. She also studied abroad in England and lived in a manor house - a historic castle that made her time there truly one-of-a-kind and unforgettable. > Katie Steele is a highly-regarded trial attorney at Varghese Summersett. 817-207-4878. - Published: 2024-09-22 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/katie-steele/ Katie Steele Senior Counsel Katie Steele serves as Senior Counsel in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, where she represents clients who have suffered catastrophic injuries and families of wrongful death victims. Katie has a deep understanding of personal injury law and is dedicated to obtaining justice and compensation for people whose lives have been upended by unexpected and devastating events. Katie represents victims in a wide range of personal injury cases, including car wrecks, trucking accidents, workplace injuries, dangerous products, and premises liability claims. Katie is a passionate advocate known for her relentless pursuit of justice and her commitment to guiding clients through every step of the legal process with compassion and expertise. Katie has worked on both sides of personal injury law, giving her a unique perspective and strategic advantage in handling complex cases. Before joining Varghese Summersett, she represented insurance companies, which equipped her with invaluable insight into how they operate. This dual experience allows Katie to anticipate insurance company tactics and effectively counter them in both negotiation and litigation. Her in-depth understanding of how insurers strategize gives her clients a distinct edge, ensuring that their claims are not only thoroughly prepared but also positioned for maximum compensation. Combined with her tenacity and legal acumen, Katie is an exceptional attorney who fights tirelessly to secure the best possible outcome for her clients. Background Katie grew up in Colleyville, where she graduated from Grapevine High School. She received her bachelor's degree from the University of Texas at Arlington and her law degree from Texas Tech University School of Law. Katie started her legal career as an Assistant District Attorney in the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office, where she spent six years prosecuting thousands of criminal cases. The knowledge and trial experience she gained as a criminal lawyer positioned her perfectly for personal injury law. After working in personal injury defense, Katie realized her true passion was helping victims, not protecting billion-dollar corporations. This shift led her to join Varghese Summersett, where she now fights for injury victims. Her extensive courtroom experience as a former prosecutor, coupled with her deep understanding of insurance defense tactics, makes her an exceptionally skilled and formidable advocate, dedicated to securing justice and maximum compensation for her clients. Outside of work, Katie enjoys spending time with her husband, young daughter, and a lively assortment of farm animals, including two donkeys, three alpacas, and four goats. A skilled horsewoman and breeder, she is equally at home in the courtroom and on the ranch. https://youtu. be/mj_dyGqAReY Education Texas Tech University School of Law, Juris Doctor, 2014 University of Texas at Arlington, Bachelor of Arts in Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2010 Honors, Memberships & Awards Rising Star, Texas Super Lawyers, 2025 Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Top Attorney, 360 West, 2025 Honored Listee, Marquis Who's Who Board of Directors, Victory Therapy Center Member, Tarrant County Bar Association Member, Tarrant County Trial Lawyers Association Member, Texas Trial Lawyers Association > Are you thinking, "I need a divorce attorney near me?" Our Top Lawyers have been rated #1 by TrustAnalytica. - Published: 2024-09-14 - Modified: 2026-06-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce-attorney-near-me/ The Right Divorce Attorney Near Me Going through a divorce is never easy. If you're searching for a divorce attorney in Fort Worth, Southlake, or anywhere in Tarrant County, you're not alone. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the emotional and legal challenges you're facing. Our team of experienced divorce lawyers is here to guide you through this difficult time with compassion and expertise. Why Local Expertise Matters in Your Divorce Case When it comes to divorce, having a lawyer who knows the ins and outs of local courts can make all the difference. Here's why choosing a local divorce attorney is crucial: Familiarity with Local Laws: Texas divorce laws can be complex, and they may be applied differently in Tarrant County compared to other areas. Our attorneys have deep knowledge of local regulations and how they might affect your case. Established Relationships: Over the years, we've built strong professional relationships with judges, mediators, and other legal professionals in Fort Worth and Southlake. This can be invaluable when negotiating on your behalf. Convenience: With offices in Fort Worth and Southlake, we're always nearby when you need us. Whether you live in Arlington, Colleyville, Keller, or Grapevine, we're just a short drive away. Our Approach to Divorce Cases At Varghese Summersett, we believe in tailoring our approach to each client's unique situation. Here's what you can expect when working with us: Personalized Strategies: No two divorces are alike. We take the time to understand your specific needs and goals, whether you're dealing with child custody issues, property division, or spousal support. Clear Communication: We know legal jargon can be confusing. That's why we always explain things in plain language, keeping you informed and empowered throughout the process. Efficient Resolution: While we're prepared to fight for you in court if necessary, we also explore options like mediation that can save you time, money, and stress. Services We Offer Our comprehensive divorce services include: Uncontested and contested divorces Child custody and support arrangements High-asset divorce cases Property division Spousal support (alimony) negotiations Post-divorce modifications What Our Clients Say Don't just take our word for it. Here's what some of our clients have to say: Ready to Take the Next Step? If you're looking for a divorce attorney near you in Fort Worth, Southlake, or anywhere in Tarrant County, we're here to help. Contact Varghese Summersett today to schedule a consultation. Let's work together to protect your rights and secure your future. Remember, choosing the right divorce attorney can make all the difference. At Varghese Summersett, we're committed to standing by your side every step of the way. > Board certified Houston DWI lawyers who know the Harris County courts, pretrial intervention, and how to fight blood tests. Free consult: (281) 805-2220. - Published: 2024-09-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-dwi-lawyer/ A Houston DWI lawyer defends people charged with driving while intoxicated in Harris County and surrounding areas. The best Houston DWI attorneys combine trial experience, Board Certification in criminal law, and a track record of dismissals and reductions. Varghese Summersett brings two Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors who know how Harris County handles these cases, and a 70-person team with offices in Houston, Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake. If you've been arrested for DWI in Houston, you have 15 days to save your driver's license. You also need a defense team that has actually tried hundreds of DWI cases to verdict. Call (281) 805-2220 now for a free consultation. A DWI arrest threatens your freedom, your license, your career, and your reputation. Unlike most criminal charges, DWI requires no intent. You don't have to mean to break the law. That's why we see professionals, parents, and people with zero criminal history facing these charges every day. Our Houston DWI lawyers fight both the criminal case and the administrative license suspension simultaneously because winning one doesn't guarantee the other. In short: A Houston DWI case moves fast. You have 15 days to request the hearing that saves your license, your case will be filed in one of the 16 Harris County Criminal Courts at Law at 1201 Franklin Street, and prosecutors keep magistrates on call for blood warrants, so refusing the breath test rarely keeps evidence out of your case. A first offense with a BAC under 0. 15 may qualify for pretrial intervention, which ends in a dismissal and eventual expunction. Here is how DWI cases actually play out in Harris County, and how we fight them. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Houston DWI Case? Texas has over 100,000 licensed attorneys. Fewer than 1% hold Board Certification in criminal law from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Varghese Summersett has two: founding partners Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett. Board Certification requires passing a rigorous exam, demonstrating substantial trial experience, and maintaining ongoing specialization. It's the highest credential a Texas criminal defense attorney can earn. Former Prosecutors Who Know the Playbook Several Varghese Summersett attorneys are former prosecutors who tried DWI cases for the State of Texas. They know exactly how Harris County prosecutors build cases, what evidence they rely on, and where those cases fall apart. Houston DWI lawyer Mike Hanson brings this prosecutorial perspective to every case, anticipating the State's strategy before they execute it. A Full Courtroom Inside Our Office We built a replica courtroom in our Fort Worth headquarters. Not a conference room. An actual courtroom with a judge's bench, witness stand, and jury box. We use it for mock trials, witness preparation, and cross-examination rehearsals. When your case goes to trial, we've already tried it multiple times. This level of preparation is why we've secured dismissals, acquittals, and reduced charges in cases other attorneys said were unwinnable. Hundreds of DWI Trials, Not Just Cases Many attorneys handle DWI cases. Fewer actually try them.... > Mike Hanson is a Partner and the Houston/Fort Bend Area Lead at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-09-10 - Modified: 2026-06-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/mike-hanson/ Mike Hanson Partner | Area Lead | Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Mike Hanson is a highly accomplished trial attorney at Varghese Summersett, where he oversees the firm's Houston office. He has been practicing law for over a decade—as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and now a sought-after criminal defense attorney. He is also Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Certification, a distinction held by only a small number of attorneys statewide. Mike has extensive experience handling a wide range of adult and juvenile misdemeanors and felonies, having tried more than 60 cases before a jury. He is especially passionate about cases involving veterans and other at-risk populations that often deserve treatment and rehabilitation over harsh punishment. In fact, he is one of only 70 attorneys in Texas who are Board Certified in Juvenile Law, and one of just two who actively practice in Fort Bend County, giving families access to rare, specialized experience when a child’s future is at stake. As a Judge Advocate (JAG lawyer) with the U. S. Army Reserves and a former D1 football player, Mike is not afraid to go into battle — whether it’s defending his clients in court or advocating for justice outside of it. Mike’s drive and resilience were shaped by his modest upbringing in Del Rio, Texas, where his father worked as a Border Patrol Agent and his mom as a social worker. Mike went on to graduate from Texas Tech University, playing linebacker under the late legendary Coach Mike Leach, before earning his Juris Doctor from Texas Tech University School of Law. Mike credits part of his interest in pursuing law to Coach Leach, who encouraged him to “Swing Your Sword” - a motivational phrase he often used to inspire players to give their best effort and fully commit to their goals, both in football and in life. After law school, Mike served as an Assistant District Attorney in Tarrant County before moving to the Fort Bend County District Attorney's Office in Richmond. As a prosecutor, he handled virtually every type of criminal case, from DWI to domestic violence. His primary focus in recent years has been juvenile law, veterans' treatment court, and felony animal cruelty cases. While serving as a prosecutor, Mike was selected as a Judge Advocate (military officer) for the Texas Army National Guard, where he rose to the rank of Captain. In this role, he provided legal advice to military personnel and commanders and supported operations in the CENTCOM region, which primarily covers the Middle East. In 2022, while serving as a prosecutor, he was deployed to Kuwait to support Operation Enduring Freedom (Spartan Shield). While modest, Mike received numerous awards for his service while deployed overseas. Recently, Mike transitioned from the Texas Army National Guard to the United States Army Reserve JAG Corps, where he continues to serve his country and fellow soldiers while simultaneously building his criminal defense career. Mike's experience as a military lawyer and former prosecutor has greatly influenced... > Celina Rodriguez is a Case Manager at Varghese Summersett, where she is dedicated to providing comprehensive support to personal injury clients. - Published: 2024-09-10 - Modified: 2025-10-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/celina-rodriguez/ Celina Rodriguez Case Manager Celina Rodriguez is a Case Manager at Varghese Summersett, where she is dedicated to providing comprehensive support to personal injury clients. From their initial communication to the final settlement, Celina patiently guides them through each step, ensuring they receive the treatment they need and the compensation they deserve. With her warm and friendly demeanor, Celina builds a strong rapport with clients, making them feel comfortable and supported during what can often be a difficult time. She understands that legal matters can be overwhelming and confusing, so she strives to make the entire process as smooth and stress-free as possible. In addition to providing compassionate guidance to clients, she also corresponds with medical providers, insurance adjusters, and other parties involved in the case, ensuring that everything progresses efficiently. Whether it's welcoming new clients to the firm or coordinating communication between existing clients and their attorneys and medical providers, Celina ensures that every interaction is handled with care and efficiency. Her attention to detail and commitment to client satisfaction make her an invaluable member of the Varghese Summersett team. Background Celina was born and raised in North Texas, where she graduated from L. D. Bell High School. She then attended Texas Tech University, where she received a Bachelor of Science in Human Development and Family Studies. After graduating college, Celina worked in customer service and teaching roles before joining the Varghese Summersett team. She has a passion for helping others and building strong relationships, which ultimately led her to pursue a career in client relations. When she is not working, Celina enjoys spending time with family and friends, including her former college roommate, Leah Pfeil, who is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett. Fun Fact: Celina was on the drill team in high school and loves to dance. She knows every move to the Dallas Cowboys cheerleaders’ "Thunderstruck" dance routine. > Caleb Hale is a legal assistant in Varghese Summersett's Injury Law Division. - Published: 2024-09-10 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/caleb-hale/ Caleb Hale Legal Assistant Caleb Hale is a legal assistant in Varghese Summersett's Injury Law Division. He assists attorneys with managing case files, preparing documents, conducting research, coordinating communication with clients and other parties, and supporting trial preparation. A true team player, Caleb also works closely with other members of the legal team to ensure that all tasks are completed efficiently and seamlessly. With excellent organizational skills and meticulous attention to detail, Caleb is committed to handling each case with precision and care. Caleb's commitment to excellence extends beyond his day-to-day responsibilities. He has a passion for helping others and consistently goes the extra mile to ensure that each client is treated with compassion as they navigate a difficult time in their lives. Background Caleb grew up locally in Irving. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Dallas Baptist University and a paralegal certification from the University of Oklahoma Law Center. Prior to joining Varghese Summersett, Caleb gained valuable experience as a legal assistant at a large personal injury firm, solidifying his passion for this area of law. He truly enjoys helping people and making a difference in their lives. In his free time, Caleb loves reading history books, playing golf, and watching baseball, especially the Texas Rangers. Fun Fact: Caleb has a twin sister, Faith. > Enticing a child can be state or federal charge. Learn more about Enticing a Child in Texas. - Published: 2024-09-08 - Modified: 2024-09-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/enticing-a-child/ Enticing a Child: State and Federal Charges Enticement of a child is a serious legal offense, both at the state level in Texas and under federal law. While Texas Penal Code 25. 04 specifically targets the interference with lawful custody of a child, federal law under 18 U. S. C. § 2422 focuses on the enticement of individuals, including minors, into illegal sexual activities. Understanding the differences between these two sets of laws—what they criminalize, their penalties, and the challenges in facing such charges—can be vital for anyone accused of these offenses. Enticement of a Child (Texas Penal Code 25. 04) In Texas, enticement of a child refers to knowingly luring, persuading, or taking a child under 18 years of age from their lawful guardian with the intent to interfere with legal custody. This law is designed to protect minors from being unlawfully taken or enticed, especially in situations involving custodial disputes or potential harm. Elements of the Offense To convict someone of enticing a child under Texas Penal Code 25. 04, the prosecution must prove: Intent to Interfere with Lawful Custody: The accused must have acted with the specific intent to disrupt the lawful custody of the child. Knowingly Enticing or Taking: The accused must have knowingly enticed or persuaded the child from their legal custodian. Child Under 18: The victim must be younger than 18 years of age. Is Sex Offender Registration Required? Under Texas law, sex offender registration is not required for the offense of enticing a child. Penalties Under Texas Law If convicted under Penal Code 25. 04, the penalties can vary based on the nature of the offense: Class B Misdemeanor: Punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. Third-Degree Felony: If intent to commit a felony against the child is proven, the punishment includes 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Defenses to Enticing a Child in Texas Possible defenses to this charge include: Necessity Defense: Arguing that the accused acted to protect the child from harm or danger. Challenging Custody: The argument that the person who had the child was not the lawful guardian. Lack of Intent: Claiming that there was no intent to interfere with lawful custody. Challenges of Facing a Charge Enticement of a child charges can be emotionally charged cases, and the penalties can escalate depending on the circumstances. Felony charges bring severe prison time and significant fines, while the personal and professional consequences of an accusation can be long-lasting. Enticing a Child (Texas Penal Code 25. 04) Enticing a child involves knowingly enticing, persuading, or taking a child under 18 years of age from the custody of the child’s parent or guardian with the intent to interfere with lawful custody. Elements: Knowingly enticing, persuading, or taking a child under 18. Intent to interfere with lawful custody. Penalties: Generally a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and/or a fine of up to... > The Houston Criminal Defense Attorney team at Varghese Summersett has a long track record of success in criminal cases in Harris County. - Published: 2024-08-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/houston-criminal-defense-attorney/ Harris County processes over 80,000 criminal cases a year. In a system that big, your case can easily become just another file on a prosecutor's desk. That's why you need a defense team with the firepower to make Harris County prosecutors pay attention. Varghese Summersett brings three board-certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors who know exactly how the Harris County DA's office operates, and resources that most firms can't match. We've secured over 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in criminal cases in Texas because we out-prepare and out-work the other side. Most Houston criminal defense attorneys work alone or with a small staff. We don't. When you hire us, you get investigators who dig up evidence the police missed and attorneys who've handled cases just like yours. That depth matters when your freedom is on the line. What Makes Harris County Criminal Cases Different Harris County is the third-largest county in America. The criminal justice system here operates on a scale most people don't understand until they're caught in it. More cases mean more overworked prosecutors, more crowded dockets, and more opportunities for your case to slip through the cracks, for better or worse. A skilled defense attorney uses this to your advantage. Prosecutors juggling dozens of cases don't have time to fully prepare every one. We do. When we show up with a complete investigation, expert witnesses lined up, and motions ready to file. Our goal is to outwork and out prepare prosecutors. That's how dismissals happen. Harris County has aggressive prosecutors. Drug trafficking, sexual assault, violent crimes. These cases get special attention. You need a defense team that can match that intensity and push back hard. We've gone toe-to-toe with Harris County prosecutors on their priority cases and won. Watch: What to Do If You're Accused of a Serious Crime https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=e_t5ETEvwRo Why Houston Defendants Choose Us Over Other Firms Houston has hundreds of criminal defense attorneys. Here's why clients facing serious charges choose Varghese Summersett: We know how Harris County prosecutors think. Several of our attorneys are former prosecutors. They've sat in the DA's office, evaluated cases, and made charging decisions. Now they use that insider knowledge to dismantle the state's case against you. We know what evidence prosecutors find convincing, what weaknesses make them nervous, and what arguments get charges reduced or dismissed. Board certification means proven expertise. Only about 7% of Texas attorneys earn board certification in criminal law. We have three: Anna Summersett, Benson Varghese, and Letty Martinez. The Texas Board of Legal Specialization doesn't hand out this credential easily. It requires years of trial experience, peer recommendations from judges and attorneys, and passing a rigorous exam. When you're facing prison time, you want attorneys who've proven they belong in the courtroom. We have resources solo practitioners don't. A one-attorney shop can't match what we bring to your case. Our team includes former law enforcement officers who conduct independent investigations, forensic experts who challenge the state's evidence, and a support staff... > At Varghese Summersett, we have a simple but powerful mission statement that drives everything we do. - Published: 2024-08-24 - Modified: 2024-10-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-mission/ At Varghese Summersett, we have a simple but powerful mission statement that drives everything we do. It was written over a decade ago when the firm was founded and continues to guide us daily. We wanted to share it publicly so people know what we stand for and what they can expect. Our mission is to provide unmatched service and obtain unparalleled outcomes while maintaining a growth mindset, connecting with compassion, and supporting our firm family. This mission statement reflects our core values, which are the foundation of the firm and key to our success. We believe that by staying true to these values, we can not only provide exceptional service to our clients but also create a positive and supportive work environment for our team. Our Core Values Unmatched Service We uphold a level of client service that few law firms can match, delivering the white glove treatment clients expect from a five-star resort. From the very first phone call, people realize how we are different. We understand that they are contacting us with one of the biggest challenges of their life, and we handle every detail of their situation with the utmost care, attention, and discretion. We are accessible 24/7, ensuring that our clients have support whenever they need it. This commitment to excellence is what sets us apart and ensures our clients receive the best possible advice and representation. Our goal is for them to leave better than when they arrived. Unparalleled Outcomes At Varghese Summersett, we aim to achieve exceptional results for our clients. Our goal is to not only meet but exceed their expectations. So how do we achieve unparalleled outcomes? Each division of our firm—criminal defense, personal injury, and family law—is comprised of the brightest minds in the state of Texas, hand-selected for their experience, knowledge, and proven track record. Simply put, they are the best at what they do. Our team works collaboratively to tailor a strategy for each individual case, putting in the hard work, dedication, and commitment necessary to obtain the best result possible. With the resources to take on the biggest challenges and the confidence to take calculated risks, we are committed to delivering extraordinary outcomes. Growth Mindset Status quo is stagnation. At Varghese Summersett, personal and professional growth isn’t just encouraged—it’s a requirement. We believe that continuous learning and improvement are essential to our success as individuals and as a firm. This growth mindset has been a driving force behind our evolution from a small firm with a single division to a multi-division powerhouse with numerous locations in Texas. Over the years, we have expanded from criminal defense to include personal injury and family law, each division thriving under the leadership of top-tier professionals. Our commitment to growth has earned us recognition as one of the fastest-growing businesses in the country—twice. This achievement reflects our relentless pursuit of excellence and our unwavering dedication to serving our clients with the highest level of skill and integrity. At Varghese Summersett, we... - Published: 2024-08-23 - Modified: 2024-08-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/pre-litigation-case-manager/ Join Our Team as a Pre-Litigation Case Manager We are looking for just the right person to join our team as a Pre-Litigation Case Manager. We are not your average law firm; this is no average job description. We want people who love people and want to work specifically for our firm. We know the application process is more involved than most, but it is because we are looking for folks looking for a long-term home and even ones who believe Varghese Summersett is their "end game. " https://youtu. be/f7Uek6vYlpY To be considered for this position, you must follow the instructions on this page to the letter. We pride ourselves on delivering white glove service to our clients. This includes making sure they get the treatment they need, providing a high level of communication on a regular basis, tracking the client’s treatment progress, and answering any questions our clients may have. We are looking for someone who can effectively manage a caseload of 50 cases. In this role, you will also request and review medical bills, draft demand letters, and accurately update records in our case management system. You might be a good fit for this role if you: Are a motivated self-starter; Enjoy helping people through the most difficult times in their lives; Genuinely care about helping others; Are great at multi-tasking and don’t mind being pulled in a lot of different directions; Can handle a busy workload; Are detail-oriented and care about having a superior work product. Bonus points if you: Speak Spanish fluently. This job could be a great fit if you’re looking to grow your career over time while changing lives. https://youtu. be/MroXuzex5Gs Our Case Managers have an important role in our personal injury practice, as they are responsible for the crucial pre-litigation phase of each case. They don’t just process paperwork though – their focus is on building strong relationships with clients and other legal professionals involved to ensure successful outcomes from settlement through resolution. This position pays between $45,000 – $60,500 per year. Exceptional experienced candidates may be offered more. Qualifications: Experience in Personal Injury Law: Minimum of 1-2 years of experience in personal injury law, with an emphasis on pre-litigation case management. Experience handling cases such as auto accidents, wrongful death, and premises liability is preferred. Legal Knowledge: Proficiency in understanding legal processes, case management systems, and relevant legal documentation. Familiarity with statutes of limitations, medical records, and lien negotiations. Communication Skills: Strong verbal and written communication skills, with the ability to interact effectively with clients, attorneys, medical providers, and other legal professionals. Organizational Skills: Exceptional organizational abilities, including the capacity to manage multiple cases, deadlines, and tasks concurrently. Analytical Skills: Sharp analytical skills to review case details, identify key issues, and contribute to developing case strategies. Attention to Detail: Meticulous attention to detail in managing and documenting case files, ensuring accuracy and completeness. Problem-Solving Abilities: Proficient in identifying and resolving issues that may arise during the management of pre-litigation cases. Medical Knowledge:... > Our Fort Bend DWI Lawyer explains what you need to know if you or a loved one has been charged with a DWI in Fort Bend. - Published: 2024-08-22 - Modified: 2026-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-dwi-lawyer/ Experienced DWI Defense in Fort Bend County When you're facing DWI charges in Fort Bend County, choosing the right Fort Bend DWI lawyer can make the difference between a conviction and getting your case dismissed. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Bend DWI attorneys have successfully defended hundreds of DWI cases in Fort Bend County courts, helping clients protect their freedom, their driving privileges, and their future. We understand what's at stake. A DWI charge in Fort Bend County threatens not just your freedom, but everything you've worked hard to build—your career, your reputation, and your future opportunities. Our Fort Bend DWI lawyers have been defending clients in Richmond, Sugar Land, Missouri City, and throughout Fort Bend County for over a decade, and we know exactly how to fight these charges. Meet Our Lead Fort Bend DWI Attorney Mike Hanson Mike Hanson leads our Fort Bend office and brings a unique advantage to your defense—he's a former Fort Bend County prosecutor. As someone who once built DWI cases for the state, Mike knows exactly how prosecutors think, what weaknesses they look for, and how to dismantle their case against you. This insider knowledge has helped our Fort Bend DWI lawyers secure dismissals and acquittals in cases that other attorneys might have given up on. Why Choose Our Fort Bend DWI Lawyers? When you're searching for a Fort Bend DWI lawyer, you need more than just any attorney—you need proven expertise in DWI defense and deep knowledge of Fort Bend County courts. Here's what sets our team apart: Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists: We have three Board Certified Criminal Law attorneys on our team (Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez)—a distinction held by less than 1% of Texas attorneys and the highest recognition of expertise in criminal defense. Former Fort Bend Prosecutor on Our Team: Our lead Fort Bend DWI attorney, Mike Hanson, prosecuted DWI cases in Fort Bend County before joining our defense team. He knows how prosecutors build their cases—and how to tear them apart. Hundreds of DWI Trials: Our Fort Bend DWI lawyers have tried hundreds of DWI cases to verdict and handled thousands more through negotiation, suppression hearings, and dismissals. Deep Fort Bend County Court Experience: We appear regularly in all Fort Bend County Courts at Law and District Courts. We know the judges, the prosecutors, and how to navigate the local system effectively. Comprehensive Defense Strategy: From challenging illegal traffic stops to exposing flawed breath test results, our Fort Bend DWI attorneys explore every possible defense angle in your case. Available When You Need Us: DWI arrests don't happen on a schedule. Our Fort Bend DWI lawyers are available to take your call and begin protecting your rights immediately. Understanding DWI Charges in Fort Bend County As experienced Fort Bend DWI lawyers, we handle all types of intoxication-related charges. Understanding what you're facing is the first step toward building your defense. What Constitutes Intoxication Under Texas Law? In Texas, you can be charged with DWI if:... - Published: 2024-08-18 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-car-accident-lawyer/ Car Accident Lawyer in Fort Bend At Varghese Summersett, our experienced Fort Bend car accident lawyers have a proven track record of success. We have recovered millions of dollars for our clients. After a car accident, the lives of drivers and their passengers can be forever changed by the reckless actions of another person. The devastating consequences of these crashes can lead to a lifetime of loss, including wrongful death, catastrophic injuries, and career-ending disabilities. If you or a loved one has suffered injuries or losses in a car accident, there is hope for recovery and justice. The Fort Bend car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett are dedicated to helping those who have been harmed by the negligent behavior of others. We are here to help you move forward and rebuild your life. Don't settle for less. Car Accidents in Fort Bend County are on the Rise As the population of Fort Bend County continues to grow, so does the number of car accidents on its roads. According to recent statistics, the county saw a 10 percent increase in total crashes from 2022 to 2023, with 11,549 accidents reported in 2023. While the overall crashes went up 10 percent, the number of fatalities went up more dramatically. In 2023, Fort Bend County reported 43 fatalities, a 26 percent increase from the previous year. While there was a slight reduction in alcohol-related deaths, the number of motorcycle fatalities increased by one. The total number of injuries also rose, with 4,379 reported in 2023. Category 2022 2023 Total Crash Count 10,496 11,549 Total Number of Fatalities 34 43 Total Number of Injuries 3,946 4,379 Alcohol-Related Fatalities 26 25 Motorcycle-Related Fatalities 7 8 Why Choose Varghese Summersett as Your Fort Bend Car Accident Lawyer? Experience: Our team of car accident lawyers has extensive experience handling car accident cases in Fort Bend County and throughout Texas. Proven Track Record: We have a proven track record of recovering millions of dollars for our clients. Personalized Attention: We provide personalized attention to each of our clients, ensuring that their unique needs and circumstances are addressed. We care about you, the support you need, and the compassion you deserve. Aggressive Representation: We will fight tirelessly to ensure that you receive the compensation you deserve for your injuries. Where are Car Accident Lawsuits Filed in Fort Bend County? In Fort Bend County, car accident cases can be filed in various courts depending on the nature and severity of the case. Here is a table listing the courts where car accident cases can be filed, along with their respective jurisdictional limits: Court Jurisdictional Limit Fort Bend County District Courts Over $200,000 Fort Bend County Courts at Law Up to $200,000 Fort Bend County Justice of the Peace Courts Up to $10,000 Fort Bend County District Courts: These courts handle civil cases with damages exceeding $200,000. More severe or complex car accident cases are typically filed here. Fort Bend County Courts at Law: These courts handle civil cases with damages... > Our expert Fort Bend sexual assault lawyer provides insight on what to do if you are accused of sexual assault. - Published: 2024-08-18 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-sexual-assault-lawyer/ Fort Bend Sexual Assault Lawyer Being accused of sexual assault devastating. You'll quickly find the criminal system can be extremely unfair and the presumption of innocence seems to have been lost. You need someone in your corner who understands the system and knows how to overcome it. In this article, our Fort Bend Sexual Assault Lawyer explains what you need to know if you're accused of a sexual assault. At Varghese Summersett, our dedicated team of attorneys has extensive experience in criminal defense, including sexual assault cases. Why Choose Varghese Summersett? Experience and Expertise: Our attorneys have dedicated their careers to criminal law, starting as prosecutors before transitioning to defense. This unique background gives us a deep understanding of the prosecution's strategies and tactics, allowing us to craft a robust defense tailored to your case. Our lead attorney in Fort Bend is also a former Fort Bend County prosecutor. Board Certification: Three of our partners are Board Certified in Criminal Law, the highest designation possible for a criminal defense lawyer in Texas. This certification signifies that our attorneys have demonstrated exceptional knowledge, experience, and respect within the legal community. Trial Experience: Our senior attorneys have collectively tried over 750 cases to juries in Texas. This extensive trial experience ensures that we are well-equipped to handle even the most complex and challenging cases. Compassionate and Aggressive Representation: We understand the emotional toll of sexual assault allegations and are committed to providing compassionate and understanding support. At the same time, we are relentless and aggressive in the courtroom, ensuring that your rights are vigorously defended. How We Can Help Immediate Action: If you have been accused of sexual assault, it is imperative to contact a defense lawyer as soon as possible. Our attorneys can help you navigate the initial stages of the investigation, including interactions with detectives and CPS workers. Preventing Arrests: In some cases, our defense lawyers have successfully prevented arrests or negotiated self-surrenders. We can assist in getting bonds and winning cases at the grand jury level. Trial Preparation: If your case goes to trial, we are highly skilled at taking cases to court. Our firm is the only criminal defense firm in Fort Worth with a mock courtroom, where we prepare you for trial to ensure you are fully prepared for the legal process. Sexual Assault Allegations We Defend At Varghese Summersett, we understand the gravity of sexual assault charges and the impact they can have on your life. Our experienced attorneys are equipped to defend against a wide range of sexual assault allegations, including but not limited to: Sexual Assault: In Texas, sexual assault involves non-consensual sexual activity. This charge can apply in cases where force or threats are used, where the alleged victim is incapacitated or unable to consent, or where the alleged victim is a minor. Aggravated Sexual Assault: This is a more severe charge that typically involves additional factors such as the use of a weapon, causing serious bodily injury, or when the alleged victim... > Our Fort Worth marijuana lawyer explains how we beat possession of marijuana charges. - Published: 2024-08-17 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-marijuana-lawyer/ If you've been charged with marijuana possession in Fort Worth, you're facing a criminal record that can cost you your driver's license, job opportunities, and in some cases, your freedom. Under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 121, even possessing less than two ounces is a Class B misdemeanor carrying up to 180 days in jail. The criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have secured dismissals and reductions in hundreds of marijuana cases throughout Tarrant County. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Marijuana Possession Penalties in Texas Texas classifies marijuana possession based on weight, and the penalties increase dramatically as the amount rises. Even small quantities can result in jail time, steep fines, and a permanent criminal record. Amount of Marijuana Charge Level Maximum Jail/Prison Maximum Fine Less than 2 oz Class B Misdemeanor 180 days in jail $2,000 2 oz to 4 oz Class A Misdemeanor 1 year in jail $4,000 4 oz to 5 lbs State Jail Felony 2 years in state jail $10,000 5 lbs to 50 lbs Third-Degree Felony 10 years in prison $10,000 50 lbs to 2,000 lbs Second-Degree Felony 20 years in prison $10,000 More than 2,000 lbs Enhanced First-Degree Felony Life or 5-99 years $50,000 Beyond incarceration and fines, a marijuana conviction triggers an automatic six-month driver's license suspension under Texas Transportation Code § 521. 372. This applies regardless of whether a vehicle was involved in the offense. What the Prosecution Must Prove To convict you of marijuana possession under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 121, the State must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt. You intentionally or knowingly possessed a usable quantity of marijuana. The term "possession" is where many cases fall apart. Texas Penal Code § 1. 07(a)(39) defines possession as "actual care, custody, control, or management. " If marijuana is found in a shared space like a vehicle with multiple occupants or a common area of a residence, proving it belonged to you becomes significantly harder for the prosecution. The "usable quantity" requirement means the State must prove enough marijuana existed to actually be used as a drug. Trace residue or amounts too small to be smoked typically don't meet this threshold. Defenses to Marijuana Possession Charges Our Fort Worth marijuana defense attorneys have successfully challenged charges using several proven defense strategies. The right approach depends on the specific facts of your case. Challenging the Traffic Stop or Search The Fourth Amendment protects you from unreasonable searches and seizures. If police lacked reasonable suspicion to stop your vehicle or probable cause to search, any marijuana discovered may be inadmissible. Common issues include officers claiming to smell marijuana when no odor existed, pretextual stops based on minor traffic infractions, and searches exceeding the scope of consent. In Texas, the odor of marijuana alone can establish probable cause to search a vehicle under the automobile exception. However, we've successfully challenged cases where officers' claims were inconsistent with other evidence or witness testimony. Lack of Knowledge or Intent... > Our Fort Bend Personal Injury Lawyer has won millions for our clients. Call today to find out how we can help. - Published: 2024-08-13 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-personal-injury-lawyer/ Top Rated Fort Bend Personal Injury Lawyer If you or a loved one has been injured due to the fault or negligence of another person, we are here to help. We understand loss and have built a reputation for the relentless pursuit of justice. The efforts of our Fort Bend Personal Injury Lawyer have resulted in millions of dollars back in our client's pockets. No Win, No Fee Promise We are committed to pursuing justice in personal injury cases and we have a No Win, No Fee Promise. Our promise is that you will not pay a single dime in legal fees unless we win. We also work with medical providers to minimize (and sometimes eliminate) out of pocket expenses so you can get the treatment you need after an injury. Personal Injury Cases We Handle Personal injury law in Texas encompasses a wide range of cases where individuals have suffered harm due to the negligence or intentional actions of others. These cases can vary significantly in their nature, complexity, and potential compensation. Understanding the different types of personal injury claims is crucial for both potential plaintiffs seeking justice and legal professionals navigating this field. In Texas, personal injury law provides avenues for victims to seek compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages resulting from various incidents. The following sections outline the primary categories of personal injury claims recognized under Texas law, excluding medical malpractice. Each type of claim has its own unique characteristics, legal requirements, and potential challenges, reflecting the diverse circumstances under which personal injuries can occur. 1. Auto Accident Claims Auto accident claims are among the most common personal injury cases in Texas. These include: Car accidents Truck accidents Motorcycle accidents Pedestrian accidents Bicycle accidents Rideshare accidents (e. g. , Uber, Lyft) Bus accidents ATV accidents To succeed in an auto accident claim, the plaintiff must prove the other driver was negligent and that their negligence caused the accident and resulting injuries. Factors such as distracted driving, speeding, drunk driving, or failure to obey traffic laws can contribute to establishing negligence. 2. Premises Liability Claims Premises liability claims arise when someone is injured due to a dangerous condition on someone else's property. Examples include: Slip and fall accidents Trip and fall incidents Dog bites/animal attacks Negligent security leading to assault or robbery Swimming pool accidents Amusement park injuries Elevator or escalator accidents Toxic exposure on property The property owner or occupier has a duty to maintain reasonably safe conditions for visitors. The level of this duty depends on the visitor's status (invitee, licensee, or trespasser) under Texas law. 3. Product Liability Claims These claims involve injuries caused by defective or dangerous products. Types of product liability claims include: Design defects Manufacturing defects Failure to warn/inadequate instructions Marketing defects Manufacturers, distributors, and retailers may be held liable for injuries caused by defective products they put into the marketplace. Texas follows a "strict liability" rule for defective products, meaning the plaintiff doesn't necessarily need... > Our Fort Bend Criminal Defense Lawyer has handled every level of case - from misdemeanor to murder. Call us for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-08-11 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend-criminal-defense-lawyer/ Our Fort Bend criminal defense attorney protects your freedom, your record, and everything you've worked for after an arrest. At Varghese Summersett, our defense team includes three Board Certified Criminal Law specialists, the highest distinction a Texas criminal defense lawyer can achieve. We handle every type of criminal case in Fort Bend County, from misdemeanors to serious felonies, and fight aggressively for the best possible outcome. When you hire our Fort Bend criminal defense lawyers, you don't just get one attorney. You get the collective experience of our entire criminal division. With more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our firm, we know how to build winning defense strategies. Mike Hanson: Fort Bend Criminal Defense Lawyer Mike Hanson heads up our Fort Bend office as a trusted Fort Bend criminal defense lawyer. As a former Fort Bend felony prosecutor, veteran, and active member of the Fort Bend County Criminal Defense Lawyers Association, Mike brings insider knowledge to every case. He understands how prosecutors think, what evidence they rely on, and where to find weaknesses in their cases. "Every person deserves a second chance and someone willing to fight for their future," says Mike Hanson. "I've seen how a criminal charge can derail someone's entire life. That's why I'm passionate about criminal defense. When I help someone get back on track and move forward, that's what drives me every single day. " His experience on both sides of the courtroom gives him a strategic advantage that benefits every client. He knows exactly when to negotiate and when to take the fight to trial. What Results Has Our Fort Bend Team Achieved? Results matter when your freedom is on the line. Here's an example of what our Fort Bend criminal defense attorneys have accomplished: Felony Drug Case Dismissed (Fort Bend County, 2025): Our client faced a third-degree felony charge for possession of methamphetamine. The charge carried a potential sentence of 2 to 10 years in prison. Attorney Mike Hanson investigated the case thoroughly and challenged the evidence. The result? The prosecution agreed to completely drop the charges. Our client walked away without a conviction. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. Each case is unique and depends on its specific facts and circumstances. Need help with your case? Call (281) 805-2220 for a free consultation with a Fort Bend criminal defense attorney. Where Are Criminal Cases Prosecuted in Fort Bend County? The Fort Bend County District Attorney prosecutes all criminal cases in the county. Whether you face a misdemeanor or felony charge, your case will be heard at the Fort Bend County Justice Center: Fort Bend County Justice Center 1422 Eugene Heimann Circle Richmond, TX 77469 The District Attorney's office is housed in the same building where your criminal defense attorney will represent you. Fort Bend County has 8 felony courts and 6 misdemeanor courts, each with different judges who handle cases in distinct ways. Having an attorney who knows these courtrooms gives you a real advantage. Fort Bend County... - Published: 2024-07-10 - Modified: 2025-03-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/client-relations-specialist/ We are not your average law firm; this is no average job description. We want people who love people and want to work specifically for our firm. We know the application process is more involved than most, but it is because we are looking for folks looking for a long-term home and even ones who believe Varghese Summersett is their "end game. " To be considered for this position, you must follow the instructions on this page to the letter. The Client Relations Specialist position is how you get your foot in the door at Varghese Summersett. For over a decade, we have built a reputation for delivering unparalleled results and unmatched service. In fact, those are two of our core values. We are protective of our people - both our clients and each other. (Another core value. ) So we're pretty particular about who we invite to be on the team. We want you here in this position if: You love people. We help them during the toughest times of their lives, and we provide a level of service that goes beyond anything in our industry. We call this connecting with compassion (and there's our fourth core value, if you're counting). You are tech-savvy. We leverage technology to enhance the client journey. New tools and new processes mean you have to be able to adapt as technology changes to stay on the cutting edge of the level of service we provide our clients. You must be drama-free. We have cultivated a drama-free workplace. We are big believers in being accountable to ourselves and taking responsibility for the things we can change. You love working hard and being rewarded for it. Our goal is to nurture the best of the best. You'll hear us say we want to be end game for our people - the place they come and stay because they couldn't imagine working anywhere else. What will you do as a Client Relations Specialist? You are the first point of contact for callers and visitors. Being positive and compassionate even during the most difficult of times is what this position calls for. It is often fast-paced, but it's important we still pay attention to detail. If you can't multi-task, this wouldn't be an ideal role for you. Daily Job Duties: Answer a high volume of incoming calls to the firm. These include calls from potential clients who need help as well as existing clients who may have a question or need to be connected with a specialist. You may be involved with taking payments, sending updates, coordinating meetings, and following up with clients or potential clients. You will assist in maintaining attorney calendars. Depending on your strengths, talents, and interests the progression from this position would be into more administrative work or sales. We've also had folks who went on to law school, and we are proud to have helped give them a leg up in that regard. Desired Qualifications A great phone voice. The ability to... > Were you injured or a loved one killed in a Texas railroad accident? Call for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-06-24 - Modified: 2025-06-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-railroad-accident-lawyer/ When Life Is Derailed: Texas Railroad Accident Lawyer Every three hours in the United States, a person or vehicle is hit by a train, often with devastating results. An estimated 2000 people are killed or injured at highway-rail crossings each year. Unfortunately, Texas leads the way. In 2024, there were 283 highway-rail collisions in the Lone Star State, resulting in 20 deaths and 81 injuries. While highway-rail crossing collisions, which occur where a railroad track intersects with a public road, are the most common type of train accident, they are not the only ones. Other types of Texas railroad accidents include train derailments, collisions between trains, pedestrian accidents, and employee and worker injuries If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a Texas railroad accident due to another person or entity’s negligence or recklessness, it’s important to seek help from an experienced Texas railroad accident injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain types of train accidents, common injuries, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Types of Train/Railroad Accidents in Texas Railroad and train accidents in Texas are unfortunately not uncommon, given the state's extensive railway network. These accidents can result in serious injuries or even fatalities. Here are some of the most frequent types of railroad accidents in Texas: 1. Train-Vehicle Collisions Train-vehicle collisions often occur at railroad crossings. These accidents can be caused by malfunctioning signals, a lack of proper signage, or driver error, such as attempting to cross the tracks when a train is approaching. The sheer size and speed of trains make these collisions particularly dangerous. 2. Train-Pedestrian Accidents Pedestrian accidents happen when individuals walk on or near railroad tracks. Trespassing on tracks is illegal and extremely hazardous, but it remains a common cause of accidents. These incidents often result in severe injuries or fatalities due to the inability of trains to stop quickly. 3. Derailments Derailments occur when a train comes off its tracks. This can happen due to track defects, excessive speed, mechanical failure, or human error. Derailments can cause significant damage, injuries, and loss of life, especially if the train is carrying hazardous materials. 4. Collisions Between Trains Collisions between trains can happen due to signaling errors, human error, or mechanical failures. These accidents are often catastrophic, leading to numerous injuries and substantial property damage. 5. Mechanical Failures Mechanical failures, such as brake malfunctions, wheel defects, or engine problems, can lead to accidents. Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to prevent these incidents, but when failures do occur, the consequences can be severe. 6. Hazardous Material Spills Trains often transport hazardous materials, and accidents involving these substances can lead to spills, fires, and explosions. These incidents pose significant risks to public health and the environment, requiring immediate and specialized emergency response. 7. Platform and Boarding Accidents Accidents can... > Dallas divorce lawyers at Varghese Summersett offer strategic compassionate guidance in complex, contested and uncontested divorces. - Published: 2024-05-25 - Modified: 2026-04-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-divorce-lawyer/ Our Dallas divorce lawyer helps you end your marriage legally while protecting your children, property, and financial future. At Varghese Summersett, our dedicated family law team guides Dallas County residents through every stage of divorce, from filing the initial petition to finalizing custody arrangements and dividing assets. Led by Partner Turner Thornton, our family lawyers focus exclusively on family law, giving you attorneys who know Dallas County courts and understand what Texas judges expect. Texas requires a 60-day waiting period under Texas Family Code Section 6. 702—meaning the petition must be on file for at least 60 days before a judge can grant the divorce. During that time, couples must address property division, child custody, child support, and potentially spousal maintenance. Whether you face an amicable split or a contested battle over assets worth millions, having an experienced attorney makes the difference between a fair outcome and years of regret. Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Dallas Divorce? Our family law attorneys practice family law exclusively. We do not split our attention between criminal cases, personal injury claims, and divorce matters. This singular focus means we stay current on family court procedures, know the tendencies of Dallas County judges, and understand how to position your case for success. Our team has earned recognition from D Magazine and other publications as top family lawyers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. We have a team of over 70 professionals across four Texas offices, including our Dallas location at 2100 Ross Avenue. Every case receives a personalized strategy tailored to your circumstances, whether you need aggressive representation in a contested divorce or guidance through a collaborative resolution. We believe in clear communication, realistic expectations, and fighting for outcomes that protect your future. What Types of Divorce Cases Does Your Firm Handle? Uncontested Divorce When both spouses agree on all major issues, an uncontested divorce offers the fastest path forward. These cases typically resolve within 60 to 90 days, cost significantly less than contested matters, and allow couples to maintain control over their outcomes. Even in uncontested cases, having an attorney review agreements protects you from overlooking assets, accepting unfair terms, or creating provisions that courts will reject. Contested Divorce When spouses disagree about property division, custody arrangements, or support obligations, contested divorce requires skilled negotiation and, sometimes, courtroom advocacy. Our attorneys prepare every contested case as if it will go to trial, positioning our clients for favorable settlements while standing ready to litigate when necessary. High Net Worth Divorce High net worth divorces involve complex assets like business interests, stock options, real estate portfolios, and retirement accounts. These cases often require forensic accountants, business valuation experts, and specialists who understand how to trace separate property claims. Our attorneys have experience handling divorces involving substantial marital estates. Collaborative Divorce For couples who want to avoid courtroom battles, collaborative divorce offers a structured negotiation process. Both parties and their attorneys commit to reaching agreements outside court. If negotiations fail, both attorneys must withdraw, creating strong incentives... > Injured in an accident in Southlake or surrounding area? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Southlake personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2024-05-22 - Modified: 2024-05-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-personal-injury-lawyer/ Southlake Personal Injury Lawyer at Varghese Summersett If you live or work in Southlake, you know how unique this community is. Known for its beautiful residences, high-end businesses, and exceptional schools, Southlake is the epitome of upscale suburban life. But even in this idyllic setting, accidents happen. Our Southlake personal injury lawyer is uniquely equipped to handle accidents and losses in this area. Southlake offers residents a unique blend of suburban tranquility and urban sophistication in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. The city is home to the renowned Carroll Independent School District, which consistently ranks among the best in the state. With beautifully maintained parks, a commitment to safety, and a strong sense of community, Southlake is ideal for families and professionals seeking a high quality of life. This picturesque city combines modern amenities with a small-town feel, making it one of Texas's most desirable places to live. When it comes to finding talented, local, experienced personal injury lawyers, discerning Southlake residents turn to Varghese Summersett. Our Southlake Personal Injury Lawyer is at Home in Southlake Varghese Summersett's Southlake office is located at 3120 Sabre Drive in Southlake, along the border with Westlake. Our office, located in the beautiful Kirkwood Oaks Business Center, is in an enclave of privacy, but also easily accessible to the residents of Southlake, Westlake, Trophy Club and the surrounding areas. Personal Injury Lawyer Southlake: Varghese Summersett Law Firm Southlake residents are known for their discernment. When it comes to legal matters, they prefer the expertise of local counsel who understands the intricacies of the community and the local legal landscape. Varghese Summersett Law Firm offers this localized expertise, providing personalized legal services tailored to the needs of Southlake’s residents. What do our personal injury attorneys do? A personal injury lawyer specializes in representing clients who have been injured due to the negligence or wrongdoing of others. At Varghese Summersett, we handle a variety of cases, including car accidents, slip and falls, and catastrophic injuries. Our goal is to help you recover compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. Experience in Personal Injury Law Personal injury law is complex and varies by state. As a lawyer specializing in personal injury cases in Southlake, we have a deep understanding of Texas laws and regulations. We know how to navigate the legal system, gather evidence, and build a strong case on your behalf. We also know common tactics insurance adjusters and lawyers use to deny claims or lower the value of claims - and we know how to overcome these tactics. Holding People and Individuals Responsible Many of the clients we work with come to us - not because they need a financial settlement - but because they want to hold a person or a corporation responsible for their actions to affect change, and on occasion, to fight to have a law in Texas changed. How to Choose the Best Southlake Personal Injury Lawyer Experience and Track Record At Varghese Summersett, we have... > Varghese Summersett Fort Worth is the headquarters of the firm, and the firm's largest office, occupying the 7th floor of the One City Place Building. - Published: 2024-04-28 - Modified: 2025-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth/ Varghese Summersett Fort Worth Fort Worth will always be home to Varghese Summersett. It's where we started and remain headquartered. We live here, we work here, and we've been going to court here for our entire careers. Our Fort Worth lawyers specialize in three distinct practice areas: family law, personal injury, and criminal defense. Tarrant County is a significant and populous region in North Texas. The 2020 census recorded a population of approximately 2,110,640, making it one of the most populated counties in the state. Fort Worth is the largest city in Tarrant County and the fifth-largest city in Texas by population. It is also the 13th-most populated city in the United States, with a 2020 census population of 918,915. Fort Worth serves as the county seat of Tarrant County. We are at home in Fort Worth Our office is strategically situated in the heart of Fort Worth, Texas, at 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700, making it easily accessible for clients and close to the local courthouses. We are two blocks from the state criminal courthouse, four blocks from the family and civil courthouses, and seven blocks from the federal courthouse. We can be at any of those courthouses in under five minutes. Varghese Summersett (Fort Worth) 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700 (7th Floor, One City Place Building) Fort Worth, TX 76102 (817) 203-2220 Learn more about Varghese Summersett. Get directions to Varghese Summersett. How to Get Here Our Fort Worth office is conveniently located at 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700 (7th Floor), in the One City Place Building. Directions: From I-35W (North or South): Take the exit for West 7th Street. Head west on West 7th Street towards downtown Fort Worth. Turn left onto Throckmorton Street. The One City Place Building will be on your right. From I-30 (East or West): Exit onto Henderson Street and head north. Turn right onto West 7th Street. Continue straight and turn left onto Throckmorton Street. The One City Place Building will be on your right. Landmarks: We are located in the heart of downtown Fort Worth, in what used to the Tandy Center. The One City Place Building is on Throckmorton just past Third Street. We are just a short walk from Sundance Square. We are on the 7th floor of the One City Place Building. One Firm, Three Divisions Family and Divorce Lawyers This division handles sensitive matters such as divorce, child custody, and prenuptial agreements. Our team is known for its compassionate approach and commitment to achieving favorable outcomes while maintaining discretion and privacy. Our family and divorce attorneys practice in Tarrant County, Denton County, Wise County, and, to a limited extent, Collin County. Personal Injury Lawyers The personal injury division advocates for clients who have suffered due to accidents, negligence, or wrongful acts. They work tirelessly to secure compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and other damages to support their clients' recovery and future. Our personal injury lawyers handle cases all over Texas. Criminal Defense Lawyers With a team... > Varghese Summersett (Dallas) is made up of a team of top-notch lawyers in three divisions: criminal defense, family and divorce, and personal injury. - Published: 2024-04-22 - Modified: 2026-06-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas/ Varghese Summersett (Dallas) - Criminal Defense, Divorce, and Personal Injury Lawyers Skip to content Meet Our Dallas Attorneys Location: Dallas, Texas Practice Areas: Criminal Defense, Personal Injury, Family Law Phone: (214) 903-4000 Criminal Defense Meet Our Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers → Personal Injury Meet Our Dallas Personal Injury Attorneys → Family Law & Divorce Meet Our Dallas Family Law Lawyers → Call (214) 903-4000 Criminal Defense in Dallas A criminal charge in Dallas County can mean jail time, steep fines, and a permanent record. Our team handles DWI, drug charges, assault, theft, white collar, sex crimes, weapons, federal, and juvenile cases. Several of our lawyers are former prosecutors, and three are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. For how we approach each type of charge, visit our Dallas criminal defense attorney page. Call Our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys Free Consultation Learn More About Our Criminal Defense Practice Personal Injury in Dallas When someone else's negligence causes you harm, you deserve full and fair compensation, and you pay nothing unless we win. We represent people hurt in car, truck, and motorcycle wrecks, premises liability incidents, wrongful death, and catastrophic injury cases. For detail on each type of claim, see our Dallas personal injury lawyer page. Call Our Dallas Personal Injury Lawyers Free Consultation Learn More About Our Personal Injury Practice Family Law and Divorce in Dallas Family law matters affect what matters most: your children, your finances, and your future. We handle divorce, child custody and conservatorship, child support, property division, spousal support, and adoption. For more on each, visit our Dallas divorce lawyer page. Call Our Dallas Family Law Attorneys Schedule a Consultation Learn More About Our Family Law Practice Why Choose Varghese Summersett in Dallas Board Certified Specialists Our team includes three Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, Anna Summersett, Benson Varghese, and Letty Martinez, plus two Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialists, Mike Hanson and Lisa Herrick. Board Certification from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization is earned by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys and requires rigorous testing, peer review, and demonstrated expertise. Former State and Federal Prosecutors Several of our lawyers previously served as prosecutors, the plaintiffs in criminal cases. That trial experience is invaluable across all our practice areas. It helps us bring civil cases as plaintiffs (where the burden of proof is lower than in criminal cases), defend criminal cases more effectively (because we know how prosecutors think and build cases), and represent clients in family court with the confidence that comes from courtroom experience. There's no better training than being in trial as a prosecutor. Trial-Ready Attorneys Whether defending against criminal charges or fighting for injury compensation, we prepare every case for trial. That leverage gets better outcomes, and insurance companies and prosecutors know when they're up against lawyers who aren't afraid of the courtroom. Available 24/7 Legal emergencies don't wait for business hours. Our team of attorneys is available around the clock to take your call and start... > Texas Penal Code 21.11 defines Indecency with a Child by Contact. Learn about the charge and defenses. - Published: 2024-04-15 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/indecency-with-a-child-by-contact/ What is Indecency with a Child by Contact Texas? Indecency with a child by contact in Texas refers to engaging in sexual contact with a child who is under the age of 17. According to Section 21. 11 of the Texas Penal Code, indecency with a child by contact is when a person either: Engages in sexual contact with the breast, anus, or any part of the genitals of a child; or Causes a child to engage in sexual contact with the breast, anus, or any part of the genitals of the person. This offense is considered a second-degree felony in Texas, and the penalties for a conviction can include imprisonment for 2 to 20 years and fines of up to $10,000. Additionally, a person convicted of indecency with a child by contact is required to register as a sex offender. Sexual contact is defined as any touching by a person, including touching through clothing, of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a child, or any touching of any part of the body of a child, including touching through clothing, with the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a person, with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. https://youtu. be/9SSyhUO61cY Indecency with a Child by Contact vs. Indecency by Exposure "Indecency by Contact" and "Indecency by Exposure" are two serious sexual offenses under Texas law, specifically targeting conduct involving children, but each differs in the nature and severity of the conduct. Here's a detailed comparison, including the specifics of sex offender registration requirements: Indecency with a Child by Contact - Texas Penal Code §21. 11(a)(1) Definition: This offense involves any contact between any part of the accused's body or an object and a child's genitals, anus, or any part of a child's body that might arouse or gratify sexual desire. This can include touching over the clothing. Key Elements: Direct physical contact with a child. Intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. The child is under 17 years of age. Punishment: Indecency with a child by contact is classified as a second-degree felony in Texas. Punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and possible fines. Sex Offender Registration: Yes, conviction requires registration as a sex offender. Length of registration is lifetime. Indecency by Exposure - Texas Penal Code §21. 11(a)(2) Definition: Involves exposing one's genitals or anus to a child under 17 with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person (including the perpetrator), and the offender is reckless about whether the child is present and seeing the act. Key Elements: No physical contact; exposure only. Intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. The child is under 17 years of age, and the act is performed recklessly concerning the child's presence. Punishment: Indecency with a child by exposure is classified as a third-degree felony. Punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and possible fines. Sex Offender Registration: Yes, conviction requires registration as... > Leaving the scene of an accident in Texas without leaving your information is a criminal offense that could land you in jail. - Published: 2024-04-15 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/leaving-the-scene-of-an-accident-in-texas/ It is not uncommon to hear about drivers leaving the scene of accidents in Texas, also referred to as a "hit and run. " Sometimes the accident is a minor fender-bender while others may involve a major crash resulting in serious injuries or even death. Most drivers who flee the scene do so because they are scared of the consequences. Perhaps they had something to drink, were driving on a suspended license, or were speeding or texting. What they may not realize is that by failing to stop and render aid or failing to leave contact or insurance information, they very likely will make their situation worse if they get caught. To be sure, waiting for a knock on the door by police is also a very frightening way to live. In Texas, leaving the scene of an accident involving death, injury or property damage is a crime. The consequences for hit and run accidents can be severe depending on the facts and circumstances of the wreck. Here’s a look at requirements for drivers involved in motor vehicle accidents, including the possible punishments for failure to stop and render aid or failure to give information. If you were recently involved wreck and left the scene, it's imperative that you contact an experienced defense hit and run attorney as soon as possible. Before You Go On: Where Did the Accident Happen? The laws described in this article only apply to accidents that take place on: (1) a road owned and controlled by a water control and improvement district; (2) a private access way or parking area provided for a client or patron by a business, other than a private residential property, or the property of a garage or parking lot for which a charge is made for storing or parking a motor vehicle; and (3) a highway or other public place. What is a Driver’s Duty when Involved in an Accident Involving Injury or Death? In Texas, drivers are legally obligated to stop if they are involved in a wreck where a person was injured or died. Section 550. 021 of the Texas Transportation Code specifically outlines what is required of drivers who are involved in a motor vehicle accident that results in injury or death of another person: immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close to the scene as possible; immediately return to the scene of the accident if the vehicle is not stopped at the scene of the accident; immediately determine whether a person is involved in the accident and whether that person requires aid; and remain at the scene of the accident until the operator complies with the requirements of Section 023, which include: giving your name and address, the registration number of the vehicle you were driving, the name and contact information of the insurance company; showing your driver’s license if requested and available; providing any injured person reasonable assistance, including transporting or making arrangements to transport the person to a... > Our Dallas Auto Theft Lawyer covers what you need to know if you are charged with stealing a vehicle in Dallas. - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/auto-theft-lawyer/ Dallas Auto Theft: Stolen Car Cases at All-Time High Auto theft in Dallas is reaching unprecedented levels, with a staggering surge in reported incidents this year. As of September 1, 2023, more than 12,000 vehicles have been reported stolen in Dallas—35 percent more than the 8,943 reported during the same period last year, according to the Dallas Crime Analytics dashboard and the Dallas Express. In this article,our Dallas auto theft lawyer discusses the importance of retaining a highly experienced criminal defense attorney if you’ve been accused of this offense in North Texas. With the surge in vehicle thefts, law enforcement is trying to crack down on stolen cars in North Texas. These cases are generally filed as theft charges or unauthorized use of motor vehicle charges (UUMV). That means that prosecutors will try to make an example out of anyone they catch involved in a Dallas auto theft. If you or someone you know has been accused of Dallas auto theft, it is important to speak to an experienced and knowledgeable Dallas auto theft lawyer right away. At Varghese Summersett, we have successfully defended dozens of clients accused of auto theft in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. Our legal team will evaluate your case, build a strong defense, and fight to get the best possible outcome for you. Texas Auto Theft Law: An Overview Texas does not have a specific statute solely dedicated to "auto theft. " Instead, auto theft falls under the broader umbrella of theft offenses outlined in Chapter 31 of the Texas Penal Code, specifically Section 31. 03. Under Texas law, a person commits theft - including Dallas auto theft - if he or she unlawfully appropriates property with the intent to deprive the owner of the property. Appropriation of property is unlawful if: it is without the owner's effective consent; the property is stolen and the actor appropriates the property knowing it was stolen by another; or property in the custody of any law enforcement agency was explicitly represented by any law enforcement agent to the actor as being stolen and the actor appropriates the property believing it was stolen by another. So, that was a lot of legalese. Let's break it down into simple terms: In Texas, if you take something that doesn't belong to you with the intention of keeping it away from the owner, you're committing theft. This includes stealing cars. Here are the ways you can be accused of stealing: You take something without the owner's permission. You take something that was already stolen by someone else, knowing that it was stolen. You take something that the police have (maybe as evidence or found property) and the police told you it was stolen, but you took it anyway thinking it was stolen by someone else. In short, if you take something that isn't yours and intend to keep it, you're committing theft in Texas. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys Punishment for Dallas Auto Theft If you have been accused of... - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/thank-you/ Thank you! Learn more about the firm and our three practice areas: https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NJPsBz4Z_Oo We specialize in three main practice areas: criminal defense, personal injury, and divorce and family law. Here’s a brief overview of each area and what our firm is known for: Criminal Defense We are committed to providing robust criminal defense strategies. We handle a wide range of criminal cases, including DUI/DWI, drug offenses, violent crimes, and white-collar crimes. Our team includes experienced attorneys, many of whom are former prosecutors. This gives us a unique advantage as we understand both sides of the courtroom intimately. We are known for our aggressive representation and unwavering commitment to securing the best possible outcomes for our clients. Personal Injury In the area of personal injury, our firm fights for individuals who have been injured due to the negligence of others. Whether it's a car accident, slip and fall, or a workplace injury, we work tirelessly to ensure our clients receive the compensation they deserve. Our approach is personalized, recognizing that each client's situation is unique and requires dedicated attention. We pride ourselves on our ability to fight against large insurance companies and secure favorable settlements and verdicts for our clients. Divorce and Family Law We understand the emotional and legal complexities involved in family and divorce cases. Our services cover a broad spectrum, from divorce proceedings and child custody battles to adoption and guardianship cases. We are known for our compassionate yet strategic approach, helping our clients navigate through these challenging times with dignity and respect. If you require immediate assistance, please call our office at (817) 203-2220. > Our Fort Worth Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer shares insights on these accidents and holding individuals responsible for the losses they cause. - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/drunk-driving-accident-lawyer/ Being hit by a drunk driver is a nightmare no one wants to imagine. Yet it happens far too often. It is a tragic event that can lead to serious injuries – or worse, even death. In this article, our Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer answers the questions that are most commonly asked after this kind of horrific event. Why Us? Trial Experience First and foremost, why should you listen to us? We are trial attorneys who have tried more intoxication-related cases than most attorneys in Texas. We have gone to trial on drunk driving cases with the worst facts you can imagine – multiple deaths, multiple injuries, multiple vehicles – we have seen it all. Insurance companies and their lawyers know we are at home in the courtroom – and that makes a difference every step of the way. Passionate Individualized Representation Second, and equally important – we are passionate advocates for our clients. We don’t take every case that comes through the door. If we take your case, we take it on as our own, fighting for you as we would fight for our own family member. Finally, we offer transparency in everything we are doing. Known for our high level of communication, you can rest assured you will never be left in the dark about what is happening with your case. Track Record of Success We have built a reputation for our unwavering commitment to seeking justice for victims of drunk driving accidents. Our team understands the devastating impact these accidents can have on families. We are committed to providing compassionate, comprehensive legal support to help our clients navigate the complex legal process and secure the compensation they deserve. We are not only well-versed in the intricacies of Texas law but also have a deep understanding of the local court systems. This local knowledge, combined with our extensive experience in handling drunk driving accident cases, allows us to provide effective, personalized legal strategies for our clients. Guidance Throughout the Journey Our Fort Worth Drunk Driving Accident Lawyer also believes that no one should have to bear the burden of a drunk driving accident alone. We understand that the aftermath of such an accident can be overwhelming, with victims often facing mounting medical bills, loss of income, and significant pain and suffering. Our goal is to alleviate this burden by providing robust legal representation, allowing our clients to focus on their recovery while we handle the legal complexities. The Alarming Reality of Drunk Driving Accidents Drunk driving is a pervasive issue that plagues roads and highways across the United States, and Fort Worth, Texas, is no exception. The devastating impact of these accidents is felt by individuals and families who become unwilling participants in a tragic event that could have been avoided. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, in a single year, there were over 13,000 DUI-related crashes in Texas, resulting in more than 500 fatalities. These statistics are not just numbers; they represent lives irrevocably altered by... > If you need a Collin County attorney for a personal injury, criminal, or family lawyer, contact Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/ Call Us Now Email Us Now Three Divisions. One Firm. COUNTLESSLIVES CHANGED. Contact Us To Schedule A Consultation Collin County Attorneys: Criminal Defense, Divorce, and Personal Injury Whether you or a loved one has been injured in an accident, charged with a criminal offense, or are looking at a divorce or child custody issue, you will need the best lawyer you can find. Finding the best lawyer in Collin County, Texas, involves a combination of research, understanding your legal needs, and evaluating potential attorneys based on their experience, expertise, and client feedback. Our firm is made up of seasoned trial attorneys in three distinct practice areas: personal injury, family and divorce, and criminal defense. Collin County Personal Injury Attorneys Our personal injury division handles cases throughout the state of Texas, with a significant number of those cases arising out of Collin County. If you or a loved one has been injured in Collin County, we can definitely help. Our Collin County personal injury attorneys are dedicated to representing victims in personal injury cases. Seeking justice involves two aspects. First, holding someone or a company responsible for their actions. In the civil context, this generally involves making them pay for the damage or loss. We understand the physical, emotional, and financial toll that an injury can take on an individual and their family, and we are committed to fighting tirelessly to ensure that our clients receive the compensation they deserve. The second and most rewarding for us is the work we do to prevent an accident or loss from occurring again. Very few personal injury law firms can say they've changed the law in Texas. We have. The Athena Alert was made Texas law through the efforts of our client, who, with our support, was able to change the way Texans are notified about missing children. We've put millions of dollars in our clients' pockets, but the lives we can save through our efforts are priceless. Our team of dedicated Collin County personal injury attorneys regularly handle: Car accidents Product liability Truck accidents Dog bites Premises liability Motorcycle accidents Catastrophic injuries Assault and battery DWI accidents Slip and falls Bus accidents Bicycle and pedestrian accidents Wrongful death We are dedicated to providing personalized legal representation, ensuring that your voice is heard and your rights are protected. If your case doesn't fit neatly into one of these categories, don't hesitate to contact us for a free consultation on an injury case. Our goal is to help you understand your options and guide you on how to move forward. And if for any reason we don't handle the type of case you have, we will point you in the right direction. Collin County Criminal Defense Attorneys For criminal cases, we are called out for our expertise in significant cases. These range from DWIs and Intoxication Manslaughter to high-profile cases such as murder, sexual assault and child sexual assault. We understand that facing criminal charges can be one of the most stressful and daunting... > If you or a loved one is facing a criminal case, call our. Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer today. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2024-12-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/ Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyer Are you or a loved one facing criminal charges in Collin County? What you do next can change the trajectory of your life. It’s imperative that you contact a Collin County defense lawyer who has experience, expertise and exceptional results. At Varghese Summersett, you will get all those things — and first-class customer service that is second to none. Our team is made up of nine former prosecutors, four of whom are board certified in criminal law. That’s more expertise under one roof than any other criminal defense firm in North Texas. Collectively, we have more than 150 years of combined experience, including 650 jury trials and thousands of positive case resolutions. As for results? We have more 5-star Google reviews than any other defense firm in the area. When we walk into a courtroom, we bring our A-game—every time. Call today and find out why we are the firm people turn to when facing the biggest problem in their lives. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=mxwjWKQvLeg Top Reasons to Hire Our Collin County Criminal Defense Lawyers BOARD CERTIFIED Three of our attorneys are board certified in criminal law, the highest designation a lawyer can reach in Texas. AWARD-WINNING ATTORNEYS Our attorneys have received dozens of awards and accolades for being the best at what we do. We have been named “top attorneys” and “super lawyers” by the most reputable organizations and publications. FORMER PROSECUTORS All of our senior attorneys are former state or federal prosecutors known for their experience and expertise. OVER 1,100 5-STAR REVIEWS We have more 5-Star Google reviews than any other criminal defense firm in North Texas. Don’t take our word for it, check out what our clients have to say. 650+ JURY TRIALS Collectively, we have more than 150 years of criminal law experience and have tried more than 650 cases before state and federal juries in Texas, a staggering number by any measure. 500+ DISMISSALS & NO-BILLS We’ve had hundreds of dismissals, no-bills, and acquittals. Hard work, commitment, and experience have produced exceptional results. Aggressive Criminal Defense in Collin County When the prosecution has you in their crosshairs, the only thing standing between you and them is us. We will do everything in our power to protect and defend you. We understand that you came to us with the biggest problem in your life, and we take that responsibility very seriously. ASSAULT CHARGES CHILD SEX CRIMES DRUG CHARGES DWI DEFENSE FEDERAL CRIMES INTOXICATION OFFENSES MARIJUANA CHARGES SEX CRIMES THEFT CHARGES Call today for a free consultation Our team of Collin County defense attorneys consists of former state and federal prosecutors with decades of experience handling tough cases. From the initial phone call, you will understand how we are different. Our dismissals, no-bills, and acquittals stem from our proactive and relentless approach to criminal defense. A Proactive Defense is Your Best Defense Find out why we have been selected by professionals, athletes, educators, law enforcement, and elected officials as the best criminal... > Father's rights in Texas are laid out in the Family Code. There are a number of ways a man can be considered a father, including marriage to the mother or through a paternity proceeding or adoption. Learn about fathers rights in Texas. - Published: 2024-04-06 - Modified: 2025-12-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/fathers-rights/ What Are a Father's Rights in Texas? A father in Texas has the same legal rights as a mother regarding custody, visitation, and decision-making for their children. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 153, courts cannot favor one parent over another based on gender. Fathers have the right to be appointed as a managing conservator (custodial parent), receive court-ordered possession time with their children, participate in major decisions about education and healthcare, and access their child's school and medical records. The foundation of these rights is establishing legal paternity. Once paternity is established, whether through marriage, an Acknowledgment of Paternity form, or DNA testing, Texas law treats fathers and mothers equally in custody proceedings. How Is Paternity Established in Texas? Texas law recognizes several ways a man becomes the legal father of a child. Texas Family Code Section 160. 204 outlines when paternity is presumed automatically and when additional steps are required. Paternity is presumed automatically when: The child is born during a marriage or within 301 days after the marriage ends The father married the mother after the child's birth and voluntarily asserted paternity by filing with the Texas Bureau of Vital Statistics, being named on the birth certificate, or promising in writing to support the child An unmarried father lived continuously with the child during the first two years of life and represented to others that the child was his own When paternity is not presumed, fathers have two options: sign an Acknowledgment of Paternity (AOP) form with the mother, or request a court-ordered DNA test. The DNA test involves a simple cheek swab and results typically arrive within four to six weeks. Once paternity is established, courts can issue orders for custody, visitation, and child support. What Custody Rights Do Fathers Have in Texas? Texas uses the term "conservatorship" instead of custody. A father can be appointed as the sole managing conservator, joint managing conservator, or possessory conservator depending on what serves the child's best interests. Joint managing conservatorship is the most common arrangement in Texas. Under Texas Family Code Section 153. 131, courts presume that appointing both parents as joint managing conservators is in the child's best interest unless evidence shows otherwise. This means both parents share rights and duties, including decisions about the child's education, medical care, and religious upbringing. A father can also be named the primary conservator, meaning the child lives primarily with him. Courts no longer assume mothers should automatically receive primary custody. The determining factor is always the child's best interest, not the parent's gender. What Visitation Schedule Can a Father Expect? Texas provides a Standard Possession Order (SPO) that sets minimum visitation time for the noncustodial parent. According to the Texas Attorney General's guidelines, the schedule depends on how far apart the parents live. When parents live within 100 miles of each other: First, third, and fifth weekends of each month (Friday 6 PM to Sunday 6 PM) Every Thursday evening (6 PM to 8 PM) 30 days during summer break... > It is important to understand the penalties for package theft in Fort Worth and how a case may proceed. Call an experienced attorney today. - Published: 2024-04-05 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/package-theft/ Package Theft In Fort Worth Swiping packages off porches or doorsteps is a common crime of opportunity, especially during the holidays. An estimated one in two Americans know someone who has had a package stolen after it was delivered, and one in three Americans say they have had a package stolen. Over the years, law enforcement has stepped up their effort to catch so-called “porch pirates” and Texas lawmakers have stiffened the penalties in an effort to deter package theft. These days, taking packages off porches can land you behind bars and leave you a convicted felon. If you or a loved one has been accused of package theft, it’s important to contact an experienced theft attorney who has handled package theft cases. What Constitutes Package Theft in Texas? It’s possible to face state or federal charges for retail package theft. Under state law, specifically Texas Penal Code 31. 20, a person commits package theft, or mail theft, if he or she intentionally takes mail from another person’s mailbox or premises without the consent of the addressee and with the intent to deprive that addressee of the mail. This is actually a relatively new criminal offense in Texas. In the past, package theft was prosecuted under Texas Penal Code 31. 03, which states that if you take property that does not belong to you, without consent or permission of the owner and without other legal justification, and have no intention of giving it back, it constitutes theft. Taking a package without permission qualified as theft under this statute. What is the Punishment for Package Theft in Texas? On September 1, 2019, the penalty for stealing anything that is considered mail increased. Under House Bill 37, porch pirates can now be charged with a felony for stealing mail or packages, including a letter, postcard, package, bag, or sealed article from a person’s premises without the consent of the owner. Depending on the number of addresses from which mail is stolen, the punishment can range from a Class A misdemeanor to a third-degree felony. For example, anyone caught stealing from more than 30 addresses can be charged with a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison. Stealing from less than 10 addresses is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail. Punishment for Theft of Packages 1-9 addressees Class A Misdemeanor 10-29 addressees State Jail Felony Over 30 addressees Third Degree Felony Charges may also be upgraded if there is proof that the offender intended to obtain someone else’s identifying information or steal from the address of a disabled or elderly person. What Constitutes Package Theft Under Federal Law? A person who commits package theft could also be guilty of a federal crime. Under Section 1708 of the United States Code, mail theft is defined as taking any piece of mail that is not your own for any reason. This could include a letter, a package delivered by a mail carrier, or a package left... > Federal kidnapping carries up to a 25 - life sentence under 18 USC 3559. Call the federal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation - Published: 2024-04-03 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/kidnapping/ Fort Worth Federal Kidnapping Lawyer What is Kidnapping? Kidnapping generally refers to taking or transporting someone against their will. If the transportation crossed state lines, the crime can be prosecuted federally. The Federal Kidnapping Act (also known as the Lindbergh Law) is codified at 18 USC 1201. Here’s a breakdown of the federal kidnapping law compared to Texas state kidnapping law and insights into why a case might be prosecuted federally instead of at the state level. Federal Kidnapping Law Under Title 18, U. S. Code, Section 1201, federal kidnapping law makes it illegal to unlawfully seize, confine, inveigle, decoy, kidnap, abduct, or carry away and hold for ransom or reward or otherwise any person, when: The kidnapping crosses state or international borders, or The victim is a federal official, or an international protected person, or The kidnapping occurs within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States. Penalties under federal law can be severe, including life imprisonment, especially if the kidnapping involves harm or if the victim is not returned safely. Texas Kidnapping Law In Texas, kidnapping is defined under Texas Penal Code, Section 20. 03. It occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly abducts another person. To “abduct” means to restrain a person with intent to prevent his liberation by: Secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found, or Using or threatening to use deadly force. Penalties in Texas can range from a third-degree felony to a first-degree felony, depending on the circumstances, such as if the victim was released in a safe place, the intent of the abductor, or if any injuries occurred. Differences Between Federal and Texas Kidnapping Laws Jurisdiction: Federal law primarily covers kidnappings that involve crossing state or international boundaries or affecting federal officials, which inherently makes the crime a matter of federal interest. Scope and Elements: Texas law focuses on the act of abduction with intent and does not require crossing state lines or involve federal officials. Legal Definitions: The specifics of what constitutes "abduction" can differ slightly, with federal law possibly encompassing a broader range of activities related to moving or holding the victim. Reasons for Federal Prosecution A kidnapping case might be prosecuted federally instead of at the state level for several reasons: Interstate Nature: If the kidnapping crosses state lines, it becomes a federal crime due to the jurisdiction over interstate criminal activity. International Aspect: If the kidnapping involves taking the victim to or from another country. High Profile Victims: If the victim is a federal official, a foreign dignitary, or otherwise protected by federal statutes. Request by State Authorities: Sometimes, state authorities may lack the resources to effectively prosecute a significant kidnapping case and thus request federal assistance. Severity and Public Interest: Federal prosecution might be sought when the crime is particularly egregious or has garnered significant public attention, warranting a federal response for broader legal and investigative resources. Kidnapping Can Be Prosecuted Federally and in Texas Simultaneously A person... > Unlawful restraint in Texas is a usually a misdemeanor but can be up to a third degree felony depending on the facts. Learn more about this charge and defenses. - Published: 2024-04-01 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/unlawful-restraint/ Fort Worth Unlawful Restraint Lawyer Quick Answer If you have been charged with unlawful restraint in Fort Worth, you are facing a Tarrant County case that ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to a third degree felony depending on who was restrained and the risk involved. The charge means intentionally or knowingly restraining another person without their consent, and it often grows out of a heated domestic argument where one person blocks another from leaving. Most of these cases are won on three points: whether there was really a restraint that substantially interfered with the person's liberty, whether it was without consent, and, in felony cases, whether the State can actually prove a substantial risk of serious bodily injury. Our Fort Worth criminal defense team handles these cases in the Tarrant County courts and can review yours in a free consultation at (817) 203-2220. What is unlawful restraint in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 20. 02, a person commits unlawful restraint by intentionally or knowingly restraining another person without their consent. It is the least serious offense in the Penal Code chapter that also covers kidnapping, smuggling, and trafficking, but a conviction still carries jail or prison exposure, a permanent record, and consequences for employment, housing, and firearm rights. The charge comes up in a wide range of situations: domestic disputes, arguments that turn physical, disagreements over a child, and road rage incidents. It does not require that anyone was physically hurt. Blocking a person from leaving a room or preventing a car from driving away can be enough. What does "restrain" and "without consent" mean? "Restrain" means restricting a person's movements without consent so as to interfere substantially with their liberty, either by moving them from one place to another or by confining them. Restraint is "without consent" when it is accomplished by force, intimidation, or deception. Consent is also absent when the person agreed to stay only because they were threatened. The State must prove the alleged victim did not freely choose to stay or go. See Texas Penal Code Section 20. 01 for the definitions. Penalties for unlawful restraint in Texas Unlawful restraint is a Class A misdemeanor by default, and it increases to a felony based on who was restrained and the risk created: Class A misdemeanor (default): up to one year in the Tarrant County Jail and a fine of up to $4,000. State jail felony (person restrained was younger than 17): 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and a fine of up to $10,000. Third degree felony (the accused recklessly exposed the victim to a substantial risk of serious bodily injury, restrained an on-duty public servant, or acted while in law enforcement custody): 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. The felony version most often litigated is the one based on recklessly exposing the person to a substantial risk of serious bodily injury, sometimes shortened to "expose to SBI. " Whether the risk... > If you have been investigated or arrested for burglary of a coin-operated machine in Fort Worth, call our criminal defense attorneys for legal help. - Published: 2024-04-01 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/coin-operated-machine/ Burglary Of A Coin-Operated Machine In Fort Worth Breaking into a vending machine to get candy or a soda may not seem like a big deal, but it’s a crime in Texas. Under Texas law, a person can be charged with “burglary of a coin-operated machine” if without consent of the owner, he or she breaks or enters into any coin-operated machine, coin collection machine, or other coin-operated or coin collection receptacle used for the purpose of providing lawful amusement, sales of goods, services, or other valuable things, or telecommunications with intent to obtain property or services. What are some examples of coin-operated machines? A coin-operated machine can include vending machines for food or drink, as well as other coin-operated devices such as washing machines at laundromats and arcade games. Coin-operated machines operate either on coins or paper currency and provide goods, services or amusement. What constitutes “entry”? Burglary of a coin-operated machine does not necessarily have to include breaking and entering. Texas law specifically recognizes that any entry into a coin-operated machine can constitute a burglary. This means that you do not have to cause damage while attempting to get inside the machine nor do you have to actually steal anything. Our attorneys understand this distinction and use it to negotiate the best outcome in your case. For Example: You can commit burglary of a coin-operated machine if you take hammer and break the glass of a vending machine while attempting to obtain its contents. For Example: You can also commit this crime if you take a coat hanger and try to get the contents of the vending machine without actually causing damage to it. It is important to understand that it is not a crime to break or enter into a coin-operated machine if you have the consent of the owner. For it to be a crime, Texas law specifically requires that there is NO consent by the owner of the machine. The law also requires that there also be intent to obtain goods or services. For Example: Bob has intent to break into the coin-operated machine to obtain M&M’s. While Bob is trying to fish out some M&M’s with a coat hanger, the alarm goes off and Bob runs away. Bob will still be found to have acted with the required intent to commit this crime, even though he failed to obtain goods or services. What is the punishment in Fort Worth for breaking into a vending machine? Breaking into a coin-operated machine is a Class A Misdemeanor, which is the most serious misdemeanor in Texas. There are several other types of penalties involved for this type of crime that can be either combined or ordered separately, including fines, jail time, probation and restitution. Fines: A Class A Misdemeanor offense in Texas has a potential fine of up to $4,000. Jail: Convictions for a misdemeanor offense can result in up to a year in a county jail. For Example: A judge or jury may sentence someone convicted... > Facing federal charges in Texas? Our federal defense team includes a former federal prosecutor and board-certified specialists across four offices. Free consult: (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2024-04-01 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/ Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer in Texas A federal criminal defense lawyer in Texas represents people charged with violating United States law in cases prosecuted by the U. S. Attorney's Office. Texas handles roughly 25% of all federal criminal prosecutions in the country. In Fiscal Year 2023, the state's four federal districts processed 16,239 criminal cases, with 99. 1% ending in guilty pleas. If you're facing federal charges here, you need an attorney who understands the system's speed, severity, and slim margin for error. At Varghese Summersett, our federal defense team includes a former Assistant United States Attorney, former federal public defenders, and board-certified criminal law specialists. We've handled hundreds of federal jury trials across Texas. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Why Are Federal Cases in Texas Different From State Cases? Federal cases differ from state prosecutions in nearly every measurable way. Federal agencies like the FBI, DEA, IRS, and ATF investigate for months or years before making an arrest. They have vast resources, sophisticated surveillance tools, and experienced prosecutors who rarely bring cases they can't win. The numbers tell the story. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics Federal Justice Statistics 2023 report, Texas's two border districts (Western and Southern) accounted for nearly 20% of all federal arrests nationwide. The Southern District alone processed 6,425 cases in FY 2023. Cases move from investigation to prosecutorial decision in a median of just 21 days in border districts, compared to 61 days nationally. Under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, defendants face strict timelines. Once arrested, the government has 30 days to secure an indictment under 18 U. S. C. § 3161. Unlike Texas state court, there's generally no automatic right to bond. Judges follow 18 U. S. C. § 3142 to determine whether you'll remain in custody while your case is pending. The federal sentencing guidelines create mathematical formulas that can result in decades of imprisonment. A drug trafficking conviction involving one kilogram of methamphetamine starts at a base offense level of 34. Add enhancements for importation or maintaining a drug premises, and the recommended sentence can exceed 20 years. Texas judges follow these guidelines more strictly than judges elsewhere. According to U. S. Sentencing Commission data, Texas judges sentence within guideline ranges 64. 4% of the time, compared to 42. 4% nationally. How Do I Know If I'm Under Federal Investigation? Federal investigations often begin quietly. You may not know you're a target until agents appear at your door or you receive a target letter. Here are warning signs that federal agents may be building a case against you: An FBI agent accompanies state officials to your business to retrieve records IRS agents visit to ask about cash transactions or Form 8300 filings DEA agents question your customers, suppliers, or employees ATF agents inquire about firearms you've bought or sold You receive a grand jury subpoena demanding documents Business associates tell you they've been questioned about you If any of these apply to you, contact a federal criminal... > If you were charged with burglary of a habitation in Fort Worth, reach out to a lawyer to pursue the best possible outcome. - Published: 2024-03-29 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/habitation/ Burglary of a Habitation in Texas When most people hear the words “burglary of a habitation,” they think of someone breaking into a home and stealing something. However, the definition of burglary in Texas is far broader and includes any entry into a home when the person has the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault. In other words, nothing has to actually be taken. An experienced burglary attorney can help explain these nuances and guide you through the legal system. Where is Burglary of a Habitation Defined in Texas? The definition of burglary of a habitation can be found in Texas Penal Code Section 30. 02, which states that a person commits an offense if he or she enters or remains concealed within a habitation with the intent to commit a felony, theft or assault, or once inside, they actually commit or attempt to commit a felony, theft, or assault. How is a Habitation Defined? A “habitation” means a structure or vehicle that is adapted for the overnight accommodation of persons, and includes: each separately secured or occupied portion of the structure or vehicle; and each structure appurtenant to or connected with the structure or vehicle. Garages are considered habitation, for example. What is Entry into a Habitation? Under Texas law, “entry into a habitation” occurs if any part of an individual’s body entered the habitation or any physical object connected to the individual entered the habitation. It is possible to be charged with burglary of a habitation without actually setting foot inside the home. Potential Punishments Burglary of a Habitation is generally a second-degree felony carrying a punishment range of 2 to 20 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. However, it can become a first-degree felony if the perpetrator commits or attempts to commit a felony other than theft. The punishment range for a first degree felony is up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. What is the Statute of Limitations for Burglary? According to Code of Criminal Procedure 12. 01, the statute of limitations for Burglary of a Habitation (where the felony intended, attempted or committed was not sexual assault of a child) in Texas is five years. The five-year statute of limitations of Burglary of a Habitation with Intent to Commit Sexual Assault was recently eliminated in 2023 with TX HB 2019. Rape kits collected at the crime scenes were often untested, delayed for an extended period of time, or produced results that didn’t match a readily identifiable person. House Bill 2019 attempted to rectify this issue by eliminating the five-year statute of limitations in first-degree burglary offenses when DNA has been collected. Legal Assistance with a Burglary of a Habitation in Fort Worth Case If you have been charged with burglary in Tarrant County, call us at (817) 203-2220 for a consultation with an experienced defense attorney. > Forgery in Texas ranges from a misdemeanor to a felony. Contact a Fort Worth forgery lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-03-29 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/forgery/ Fort Worth Forgery Lawyer What is Forgery in Texas? Forgery in Texas is the act of altering information with the intent of defrauding or harming another. This includes fraudulently making, completing, altering or authenticating any writing. Forgery is codified under Texas Penal Code 32. 21 and covers a wide range of fraudulent conduct. Examples of forgery can range from signing another person’s name on a check, to altering an individual’s will without authorization, to fabricating a vaccination card. If you are facing allegations of forging documents, it’s important to contact a Fort Worth forgery lawyer who is skilled at handling these types of cases as soon a possible. Our team handles forgery offenses, as well as many other white collar crimes in North Texas. What is the punishment in Texas for forgery? In Texas, forgery can be punished as a misdemeanor or felony, depending on the facts and circumstances of the case. → As A State Jail Felony: Forgery is a State Jail Felony if the document is a: will or codicil deed or deed of trust mortgage security instrument security agreement credit card check debit form money order, contract or release of commercial instrument. A state jail felony is punishable by 180 days to two years in a state jail facility. →As A Third Degree Felony: Forgery is a third degree felony, punishable by two to 10 years in a state jail facility if it is: a government record currency issues of securities postage or revenue stamp a government stock or bond → Based On Value: Forgeries can also be charged based on the value of the property using the standard theft value ladder found in the Texas Penal Code. → Of An Elderly Victim: Forgery can also be enhanced one level of the victim is elderly. An elderly individual is one who is 65 years of age or older. → As A Class A Misdemeanor: If it doesn’t fall under one of the categories above, forgery is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas punishable by up to a year in jail. What is the Statute of Limitations for Forgery in Texas? There is a 10-year statute of limitations in Texas for forgery cases. Contact a Skilled Fort Worth Forgery Attorney for Assistance If you or a loved one is facing a forgery charge, it’s important to have an experienced Fort Worth forgery lawyer by your side. We can help. Contact us today at 817-203-2220 for a complimentary strategy session. > Accused of package or mail theft in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas package theft lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/package-theft/ Dallas Package Theft Lawyer The convenience of online shopping and doorstep delivery has become commonplace nationwide and across Texas. However, the ease of e-commerce has also led to a colossal crime of opportunity: package theft. In 2022, an estimated 49 million Americans have had at least one package stolen within the past 12 months – 18 percent of which came from the Lone Star State alone. In their efforts to keep so-called porch pirates at bay, Texas law enforcement has cracked down on package theft in recent years – and Texas lawmakers have increased the penalties for those convicted. If you or a loved one has been accused of stealing packages or mail in Dallas or the surrounding area, it is essential to contact an experienced Dallas package theft lawyer right away. Your freedom and future could be at stake. In this article, a seasoned Dallas package theft lawyer at Varghese Summersett explains the offense, possible punishments, and the importance of hiring a highly skilled criminal defense lawyer who has handled vast amounts of theft cases. Texas Mail Theft – State and Federal Charges It is possible to face state or federal charges for package theft. Here’s an overview of both the state and federal statutes that criminalize mail theft in Texas: Texas Mail Theft Law Under Section 31. 20 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits mail theft if he or she “intentionally appropriates mail from another person’s mailbox or premises without the effective consent of the addressee and with the intent to deprive that addressee of the mail. ” (Appropriates is just a fancy legal term that means taking something for your own use without the owner’s permission. ) Mail is defined as a letter, postcard, package, bag, or other sealed article that is delivered by a common carrier or delivery service and not yet received by the addressee or has been left to be collected for delivery by a common carrier or delivery service. This is actually a relatively new offense in Texas, created specifically to address the package and mail theft problem. In the past, package theft was prosecuted under Texas Penal Code 31. 03, which is the regular theft statute. Federal Mail Theft Law The federal law that criminalizes stealing or receiving stolen mail can be found in 18 U. S. C § 1708. This federal statute specifically targets individuals who steal, take, or abstract any mail, postal card, or package from any postal service. This includes theft from a private mailbox, mail receptacle, or post office. It also penalizes those who knowingly receive or possess stolen mail. The Dallas package theft lawyers at Varghese Summersett defend both state and federal theft charges. We regularly practice in both state and federal courts in North Texas and have had excellent results defending theft cases. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys Texas Punishment for Mail or Package Theft The repercussions of mail or package theft in Texas can be severe. Here’s a look at... > If you were injured in a hit-and-run, call for a free consultation with our hit-and-run accident lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/hit-and-run-accidents/ Fort Worth Hit-and-Run Accident Lawyer If you or a loved one was injured in a car wreck where the other driver sped away, you probably have a flood of emotions right now: anger, disbelief, helplessness, and confusion. How could someone just take off after causing an accident? Unfortunately, it happens all too often in Fort Worth and the surrounding areas. The Fort Worth hit-and-run accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett understands how devastating these types of wrecks can be. Not only are you suffering physically, but you are probably wondering how you’ll afford medical bills, vehicle repair costs, lost wages and other expenses that come with an accident. Don’t worry, we won’t leave you holding the bag. Our team will do everything in our power to help you seek justice, fight for the compensation you deserve, and begin healing after a Fort Worth hit-and-run wreck. In this article, our personal injury lawyers explain your options if a hit-and-run driver has injured you and answer some common questions about these types of cases. We have helped dozens of people in your situation, and we can help you, too. Best of all, going through this process with our team will not cost you anything out of pocket. You have enough to worry about, and we won’t add to your financial stress. We handle Fort Worth hit-and-run accident cases on a contingency basis, meaning we only get paid if we win a recovery for you. What is a hit-and-run accident? A hit-and-run accident is a car wreck where the driver of one vehicle flees the scene without providing contact or insurance information or helping someone injured. Not only is it illegal, but it can leave crash victims with significant injuries, vehicle damage, and other costs. Hit-and-run accidents can range from minor fender benders in a parking lot to major collisions resulting in serious injuries or death. Unfortunately, North Texas is no stranger to this type of crash. Our Fort Worth hit-and-run lawyers are committed to helping you seek justice and a recovery when other drivers fail to do the right thing. Why do people flee accident scenes? Most drivers who flee accident scenes do so because they are doing something wrong and are afraid of the consequences. They may be driving: without a license; without insurance; under the influence of drugs or alcohol; while fleeing from a crime; with an active warrant out for their arrest. People driving illegally sometimes think speeding away is their best option to avoid criminal prosecution. But this is far from true. Not only will the law catch up with them eventually, but they could also face harsher penalties for fleeing the scene than they would have otherwise. They could also face civil liability for the personal injuries and other losses caused by a hit-and-run – and that’s where our personal injury lawyers come in. Is it illegal to leave the scene of an accident in Texas? Yes, leaving the scene of an accident involving death, injury, or property... > Federal trafficking charges can lead to life sentences. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/trafficking-of-persons/ Trafficking Of Persons “Human trafficking” covers a number of different criminal acts. Generally speaking, trafficking involves one person forcing another person to engage in labor or services for another. Many people commonly associate human trafficking with illegal sexual activities. This is, indeed, part of what Texas’ human trafficking statute covers. The federal offense of Trafficking of Persons, more commonly referred to as human trafficking, is a serious crime that involves the exploitation of individuals through force, fraud, or coercion for the purposes of forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation. This crime is addressed under several U. S. federal statutes, primarily under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 and its subsequent reauthorizations. Key Federal Statutes Addressing Human Trafficking 18 U. S. C. § 1589 - Forced Labor: This statute makes it a crime to obtain the labor or services of a person through the use of force, threats of force, physical restraint, or threats of physical restraint to that person or another person, through the abuse or threatened abuse of law or legal process, or through fraud or extortion. 18 U. S. C. § 1591 - Sex Trafficking of Children or by Force, Fraud, or Coercion: This provision criminalizes the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act. This is particularly egregious when the act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or when the person induced to perform such an act is under 18 years of age. 18 U. S. C. § 1592 - Unlawful Conduct with Respect to Documents in Furtherance of Trafficking, Peonage, Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, or Forced Labor: This law prohibits the destruction, concealment, removal, confiscation, or possession of any actual or purported passport or other immigration document, or any other actual or purported government identification document, for the purpose of violating this chapter or as a means of preventing or restricting a person’s liberty to move or travel, in order to maintain the labor or services of that person. Enforcement and Penalties Human trafficking cases are typically investigated by federal agencies such as the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security, often in cooperation with local law enforcement. The penalties for trafficking can be severe, including heavy fines and lengthy prison sentences, particularly when they involve minors or result in death. Convictions under these statutes can lead to life imprisonment in the most serious cases. Victim Protection and Support The TVPA also provides for the protection and support of trafficking victims. It establishes mechanisms for the restitution and rehabilitation of victims, and it allows for non-citizen victims to obtain T-visas to stay in the United States temporarily to assist in the investigation or prosecution of human traffickers. International Cooperation Given the transnational nature of human trafficking, U. S. law enforcement often works in conjunction with international organizations and foreign governments to detect, prevent, and prosecute trafficking cases. This cooperation is crucial for the effective tackling of human trafficking networks which frequently... > Licking the ice cream lid can land you in prison for 2-20 years. This article explains Tampering With Consumer Products. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/tampering-with-a-consumer-product/ Tampering With Consumer Products In Fort Worth Yes, licking the lid of an ice cream container at the store and putting it back on the shelf can result in a serious felony charge. And yes, the Tylenol murders of 1982 that led to tamper-proof medicine containers is also a real thing! For the health and safety of all citizens, Texas prohibits tampering with any consumer product which could result in serious bodily injury. Consumer products are defined as any product offered for sale to the public, or offered for the consumption of the public. This includes food, drugs, and any other product. Tampering with a consumer product can be accomplished by either adding a foreign substance to the product or altering the product in some way that makes it probable that someone will sustain a serious bodily injury. In assessing whether an injury is “serious,” the statutes provide guidance. “Serious bodily injury” is an injury that creates a substantial risk of death or causes death. It also includes serious permanent disfigurement, protracted loss of function, or impairment of any body function or organ. When someone intentionally or knowingly tampers with a product, and they know the product will be either offered for sale or given to another for use or consumption, they have committed product tampering. Additionally, when a person intentionally or knowingly threatens to tamper with a consumer product, this may also be product tampering. Under these circumstances, the person must intend to cause fear, affect the sales of the product in question, or intend to cause bodily injury to another person—Reference Penal Code Section 22. 09 for more information. Contact an Attorney to Combat Charges for Tampering With Consumer Products in Fort Worth When serious bodily injury is sustained, this offense is a felony in the first degree, which can be punished by life in prison or 99 years. The minimum prison sentence for a first-degree felony is five years. Where no serious bodily injury is sustained, the offense is a felony in the second degree, which has a two-year prison minimum, with a maximum sentence of up to 20 years. > A protective order is designed to protect people from abuse and often carries criminal consequences if violated. Learn about protective orders in Texas. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2025-01-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/protective-orders-in-texas/ Protective Orders In Texas A protective order is a civil remedy to protect one from abuse or harm. Although these are civil in nature, they often carry criminal consequences if they are violated. If you find yourself the subject of a protective order in Texas, it is imperative to know who and what is under protection. It is very easy to violate a protective order even with the best intentions. If you are accused of violating a protective order in Collin County, it’s important to contact a defense attorney who has the skill and experience in handling these types of cases. What are the types of protective orders in Texas? A protective order in Texas is a court order issued to prevent continuing acts of family violence, human trafficking, or stalking. There are three types of protective orders in Texas: temporary ex parte orders, permanent protective orders, and emergency protective orders. Temporary Ex Parte Orders – A judge must find there is a clear and present danger of family violence to the applicant or a family member. These are usually in effect for up to 20 days and may be extended for another 20 days upon request. You generally need a family lawyer to fight these. Permanent Protective Orders – generally lasts for up to two years, but the judge may issue an order for longer than two years if: The abuser caused serious bodily injury to the applicant or their family or household; or The same applicant has had two or more protective orders issued against the same abuser in the past and in both cases the judge found the abuser committed family violence and was likely to commit family violence in the future. Tex. Fam. Code § 85. 025(a-1). You generally need a family lawyer to fight these. Emergency Protective Orders (EPO) – An EPO is issued by a criminal judge or magistrate after someone has been arrested for committing family violence, sexual assault, or stalking. These generally are in effect for 31 to 61 days. However, an EPO may be extended to 91 days if the abuser was arrested for assault with a deadly weapon. Emergency protective orders generally come from a city magistrate. City magistrates generally only have criminal jurisdiction over Class C citations, so by comparison an Emergency Protective Order is one of the most serious matters that will come across a magistrate’s desk. More often than not, magistrates at the city level are unwilling to modify or remove an Emergency Protective Order – even if the alleged victim asks for it to be removed. Fortunately, compared to bond conditions, these emergency protective orders last a relatively short time. An experienced criminal lawyer can advise you on how to best deal with an emergency protective order, particularly in light of any criminal filing in a higher court. https://youtu. be/0La68lcva-c An EPO does not have to be requested by the alleged victim. Law enforcement can request an EPO on the victim’s behalf even without the victim’s... > If you've been accused of domestic abuse, it’s crucial to talk to a skilled Fort Worth felony family violence lawyer. Call for free consult." - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/felony-family-violence-lawyer/ Fort Worth Felony Family Violence Lawyer What is felony family violence? When an individual is arrested for family violence in Texas, he or she can be charged with a misdemeanor or a felony depending on a number of factors. A misdemeanor domestic assault case can be elevated to a felony family violence charge if you displayed a weapon, have a history of violence towards family members, or if the alleged victim sustained serious bodily injury. Here’s an overview of family violence charges in Texas and what kind of defenses may be raised by our Fort Worth felony family violence attorneys. How common are Tarrant County felony family violence cases? We have seen a spike in Tarrant County felony family violence cases since the beginning of the year. For example, in January 2020, 80 felony family violence cases were filed in Tarrant County, compared to 139 in September 2020, according to statistics from the Office of Court Administration. That’s a 74 percent increase. Although we can’t say for certain, the reason for the increase could be attributed, in part, to the COVID-19 pandemic. Families in lockdown coupled with financial stress can certainly increase tensions in a household. What is a Domestic Assault? Domestic assault, also referred to as assault family violence in Texas, is a threat or act of violence towards a family member or someone with whom the defendant lives. This includes: couples who are not married, such as individuals in a dating relationship; anyone who lives under the same roof, including roommates; grandparents and grandchildren; or parents and children – whether biological children or not. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, a defendant commits the offense of assault – or in this case, domestic assault – if he or she: intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury; or intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. Domestic assault is a misdemeanor, however, it is a gateway into a number of felony family violence offenses that occur after an altercation with a family member, someone with whom they live with, or someone with whom they are dating. What offenses constitute felony family violence? There are a number of offenses that would fall under the category of Fort Worth felony family violence cases, including: Assault Family Violence with Prior Convictions Continuous Family Violence Aggravated Domestic Assault Assault by Strangulation or Choking What is Assault Family Violence with Prior Convictions? To charge an individual with assault family violence with priors, the defendant must have been previously convicted of a domestic violence offense under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(b)(2)(A) and (b-3)(2). Possible convictions against family members that could result in an assault family violence with prior convictions charge include, but are not limited to kidnapping, aggravated kidnapping, continuous family violence, indecency with a child, assault, or homicide. What is Continuous Family... > Gun charges in Texas are prosecuted aggressively. Call for a free consulation with an experienced Dallas gun lawyer today. 214-900-3220. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/gun-charges/ Dallas Gun Charges Lawyer Texans love their guns. Whether you’re hunting for sport, collecting firearms, or defending your home and property rights, we understand how important it is to protect your ability to bear arms. That’s why it is essential to fully comprehend Texas gun laws and the consequences of violating them. Misunderstanding or misinterpreting firearms laws can lead to serious legal repercussions. Learn about gun charges in Texas. If you are charged with a firearm offense, it is imperative to have an experienced Dallas gun lawyer on your side who can provide knowledgeable and aggressive representation. A firearm conviction can result in jail time and fines, but it can also have long-term repercussions that can impact your ability to obtain employment, housing, and vote. In this article, a Dallas gun lawyer at Varghese Summersett discusses Texas Constitutional Carry, including who can (and cannot) carry a handgun, common gun charges, and the importance of retaining a highly experienced criminal defense lawyer if you have been accused of any gun violation in North Texas. Texas Constitutional Carry In a broad sense, Constitutional Carry, often referred to as “permitless carry,” is a legal principle in the United States that allows individuals to carry handguns without requiring a license or permit. The term originates from the view that the Second Amendment to the U. S. Constitution permits no restrictions on an individual’s right to bear arms. Texas adopted Constitutional Carry on September 1, 2021, with the passing of House Bill 1927. This law allows individuals legally permitted to own a handgun to carry it, openly or concealed, in most public places without needing a license. Before this date, Texans were required to have a license to carry (LTC) after completing a safety course. There are, however, age restrictions and exceptions. Texas’ Constitutional Carry does not apply if you are under the age of 21, have been convicted of certain crimes, or subject to a protective/restraining order. It also doesn’t give people carte blanch to carry a gun anywhere. There are specific locations where carrying a firearm is always prohibited. Lawfully Carrying a HandGun in Texas As mentioned, Constitution Carry does not apply to all Texans. To legally carry a handgun, holstered or concealed, you: Must be 21 years of age or older; Must be 18 or order (see more on that below). Must not be prohibited from possessing a firearm in a public place under Texas law – specifically Texas Penal Code Sections 12. 04 and 46. 04. This includes a person who has a previous felony conviction; a previous conviction for a Class A misdemeanor for assault involving a family or household member; or is the subject of a protective order. Must not have been convicted of assault causing bodily injury; deadly conduct; terrorist threat; disorderly conduct – discharging a firearm; disorderly conduct – displaying a firearm; within the previous five years; and Must not be prohibited from possessing a firearm or ammunition under federal law. This includes felons, fugitives, addicts, mentally... > If you or a family member is charged with minor in possession in North Texas, it's imperative to consult with an experienced minor in possession attorney. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/minor-in-possession-attorney/ Minor In Possession Attorney What is a Minor in Possession (MIP) in Texas? Texas takes underage drinking very seriously, and its laws back it up. That includes minor in possession, or MIP, in which someone under age 21 is in direct possession of alcohol or is in a place where alcohol is present such as a vehicle, club, or house party. If you or your child is facing MIP charges, promptly consult with a minor in possession attorney. There are a few instances where a minor can legally be in possession of alcohol, which we’ll detail later in this post. A conviction for a MIP can jeopardize a young person’s future and disrupt their life. If you or your child is arrested for MIP, contact an experienced North Texas minor in possession attorney as soon as possible. The defense team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys and former prosecutors with four combined decades of fighting to protect our client’s rights. In this post, we’ll explain Texas’ minor in possession laws, review the penalties for a conviction, and discuss some ways to fight the charges. What is the Texas law for minor in possession of alcohol? When it comes to alcohol in Texas, anyone under 21 years old is considered a minor. It is illegal for a minor to possess, consume, purchase, or attempt to purchase alcohol. What are the penalties for minor in possession of alcohol in Texas? Texas has a ZERO TOLERANCE policy for alcohol-related offenses by minors. The penalties for non-driving alcohol-related offenses by minors increase with successive offenses, including buying or attempting to buy alcohol, falsely identifying as 21 years old or older to a person selling or serving alcohol, and possessing or consuming alcohol. The penalties for non-driving alcohol-related offenses, including minor in possession and public intoxication, are as follows: 1st offense (Class C misdemeanor): Fine of up to $500, eight to 12 hours of community service, mandatory attendance at an Alcohol Awareness course, and a 30-day driver’s license suspension. 2nd offense (Class C misdemeanor): Fine of up to $500, 20-40 hours of community service, attendance at an Alcohol Awareness course, and a 60-day driver’s license suspension. 3rd offense (Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision age 10-17): Fine of up to $500, 20-40 hours of community service, and a six-month driver’s license suspension. 3rd offense (Class B misdemeanor for 17 or older but younger than 21): Fine of up to $2,000, 40-60 hours of community service, up to a six-month jail sentence, and a six-month driver’s license suspension. Deferred disposition is not an option for minors facing a third or subsequent conviction for consumption by a minor. Minors, alcohol and driving in Texas A minor can be charged with Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol By a Minor for having any detectable amount of alcohol in their system while driving a vehicle on a public street. Texas’ 0. 08% BAC legal limit of intoxication is irrelevant when a minor is involved. If a... > Possession of a controlled substance in Texas can be a felony or misdemeanor based on the penalty group and amount. Learn more. - Published: 2024-03-28 - Modified: 2026-06-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/possession-of-a-controlled-substance/ Possession of a Controlled Substance in Texas | Texas Drug Possession Defense Possession of a controlled substance in Texas refers to the unlawful custody, care, or control over drugs categorized into various penalty groups. Possession of a Controlled Substance in Texas as a criminal offense is spelled out in Chapter 481 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, with the Penalty Groups (PG 1, 1-A, 1-B, 2, 2-A, 3, and 4) defined in Subchapter B and the offense and penalties laid out in Subchapter D. Under Texas Health and Safety Code Sections 481. 115 - 481. 118, the categorization of substances into penalty groups is based on potential for abuse and accepted medical use, although this has often been the center of much debate. Penalties for drug possession in Texas vary depending on the type and amount of the substance, ranging from a Class B misdemeanor to enhanced first degree felonies carrying up to life in prison. Possession of a Controlled Substance and Penalty Groups in Texas The punishment for drug possession in Texas depends on which penalty group the drug falls into and the quantity of the drugs. There are nine drug penalty groups under Texas law (PG1, PG1-A, PG1-B, PG-2, PG-2A, PG-3, PG-4, Dangerous Drugs, and Marijuana). Drugs are categorized according to their addictive nature and whether they have any accepted medical purpose (as determined by the Texas legislature, at least). What Penalty Group is a Drug in Texas? One of the challenges with the penalty groups in Texas is that if you look at Chapter 481 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, all of the drugs are listed by their chemical names. Even a common drug like methamphetamine can be difficult to find unless you know the exact chemical compound you are looking for. To address this challenge, we have put together the first and only comprehensive list of chemical names and street names for drugs in Texas penalty groups. You can find it in the PDF below: This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. Drug Possession in Texas Drug possession charges are extremely common in Texas, but not all drugs are treated equally. Possessing four grams of methamphetamine, for example, is punished much more harshly than possessing a marijuana joint. That's because all controlled substances fall into penalty groups in Texas, with Penalty Group 1 being the most addictive and dangerous in the eyes of the law. Methamphetamine is in Penalty Group 1, along with crack and heroin. Marijuana — which, yes, is still illegal in Texas — is in its own, less serious penalty group. Fentanyl was recently moved to its own penalty group: 1-B. Even though some penalty groups carry harsher penalties, it's important to realize that any Texas drug possession charge can negatively impact your life, resulting in jail time, fines, license suspensions, and a permanent criminal record. Here's a look at the penalty groups in Texas and answers to the most frequently asked... > Here is everything you need to know about bail bonds in Texas. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds-lawyer/ You’ve just been arrested and taken to jail. But how long will you have to be there? Trials often take place months or even years after the initial arrest. The following will offer a quick overview of bail bonds in Texas so that you will not have to sit in jail any longer than necessary. If you need help getting a loved one released from custody, call a Fort Worth bail bonds lawyer for help. Our attorneys can explain the process and work to secure a favorable outcome. What is a Bail Bond? “Bail” refers to the procedure by which courts allow someone accused of a crime to leave jail while they wait for their trial date. Essentially, it is a payment temporarily made to the court to allow someone out of jail until their trial and acts as an assurance that the arrestee will appear at trial. Before going any further, it is important to understand the different terminology regarding bail. To make bail, an accused needs a “Bail Bond. ” A bail bond is a writing in which the court tells the accused that he can leave jail for now but must be back on a certain date in exchange for something from the accused. What the court gets from the accused can be in the form of a cash bond, surety bond, or a personal bond. For more information about bail bonds in Texas, please reference the Code of Criminal Procedure 17A. 01-02. Why Hire an Attorney Before You Pay a Bond? First and foremost, you will have no idea if the bond that was set on your loved one's case is reasonable or not. An attorney in Fort Worth will be able to determine whether the bail bond is within the range customary to your location. If the bond is excessive, the attorney can ask for the bond to be reduced. This could save you hundreds to thousands of dollars. Second, there may be ways to secure a person's release without a bond, including personal recognizance bonds, and release for mental health supervision. What is a cash bond? A cash bond is a payment in cash by the accused for the full amount of bond set by the magistrate. The arrestee will pay either with their own assets or with assets borrowed from friends or family. The arrestee will pay the court up front, be released from jail, and will be refunded completely when they fully comply with their obligation to show up to court. What is a surety bond? The most common type of bail bond in Texas, and the kind that most people think of when hearing the term bail bond, is a surety bond. A surety bond is when someone other than the accused accepts liability for ensuring the accused returns to court. This other person is referred to as a surety. Often, the surety is a bail bondsman. Bail bondsmen charge a fee to use their services. The cost of a bail... > Maitlyn Gandy testified before a Texas House of Representatives committee in support of an "Athena Alert" - a missing child alert bill filed in memory of her slain daughter. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/athena-alert/ Mother of Athena Strand Testifies in Support of "Athena Alert" Law Update: On Tuesday, June 13, 2023, Gov. Greg Abbott signed the “Athena Alert” bill into law. It went into effect immediately. Learn more about the Athena Alert and the AMBER Alert. Maitlyn Gandy testified before a Texas House of Representatives committee on Tuesday, April 25, in support of an “Athena Alert” — a missing child alert bill that was filed in memory of her 7-year-old daughter, Athena Strand, who was kidnapped and killed by a FedEx Driver in December. Athena Alert Bill in the Texas House House Bill 3556, which is sponsored by State Rep. Lynn Stucky (R-Sanger), would allow the chief law enforcement officer in a jurisdiction to issue a localized alert when a child is missing without confirmation of an abduction – the high threshold requirement needed to issue an AMBER Alert. The legislation is intended to close the gap between the time a child vanishes and an Amber Alert may be issued. The legislation, if passed, would allow law enforcement to activate an alert in a localized area – within a 100-mile radius and contiguous counties – shortly after a child goes missing. “If an AMBER Alert had been issued immediately – or some type of regional alert like what this bill proposes – it could have made a difference in my child’s life,” Gandy tearfully told the Homeland Security & Public Safety Committee. “But unfortunately, I didn’t get that courtesy. ” On Wednesday, Nov. 30, 2022, Athena went missing while playing in the front yard of her father’s Paradise home in rural Wise County. An Amber Alert wasn’t issued until the following afternoon when authorities determined that her disappearance met the strict criteria for an Amber Alert, which is codified in Texas Government Code 411. 355 and requires law enforcement to believe a child has been abducted. The following day, on Friday, Athena was found dead about six miles from her father’s home. A FedEx driver, Tanner Horner, was arrested and charged with capital murder in her killing and kidnapping. He is facing the death penalty. “I begged from the moment that I got to her father’s property for an AMBER Alert,” Gandy testified before the committee. “I asked and I continued to ask and, unfortunately, I kept getting met with the same response – that she, and her case, did not meet the criteria for an Amber alert to be issued. It wasn’t until about 24 hours later that it was sent out. It was at 17:04 and I will never forget that time. ” Representative Lynn Stucky Sponsors Athena Alert Bill to Save Lives Stucky, who represents Wise County as part of Texas House District 64, filed the “Athena Alert” bill in March after consulting with Gandy and her attorneys at the law firm of Varghese Summersett, which filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Horner, FedEx and contractor Big Topspin in March. Stucky told the committee that if this law would have been... > If you were injured or a loved one was killed by an intoxicated driver, call our Fort Worth DWI accident attorney today. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-04-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/dwi-accident/ DWI Accident Lawyer Dallas Fort Worth Drunk driving is a serious problem in Texas. In 2021, there were 1077 people killed and 2,551 seriously injured after someone got behind the wheel impaired, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. Hardly a day goes by when you don’t hear about someone being killed or injured in a drunk-driving accident in Fort Worth or the surrounding areas. The Fort Worth DWI accident attorney at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group understands how devastating this type of crash can be. When a motorist causes a DWI accident in which someone is injured or killed, chances are good that he or she is going to be arrested and face criminal prosecution. But what about the victim(s) of the wreck? Who is going to protect their rights and ensure that they get the compensation they deserve for injuries, medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering? That’s where our Fort Worth DWI accident lawyer comes in. Fort Worth DWI Accident Lawyer Serving Tarrant County and Surrounding Areas At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we have extensive experience representing people who have been victimized due to the negligent, reckless or wrongful acts of others. In this article, our Fort Worth DWI accident lawyer will explain what to do if your life has been shattered due to a drunk-driving accident, how to hold the responsible party accountable, and what kind of compensation you may be eligible to receive. Best of all, going through this process with our team will not cost you anything out of pocket. You shouldn’t have to pay for someone else’s recklessness and negligence. We handle DWI accident cases on a contingency fee basis, which means you don’t pay unless we win your case. Involved in a Fort Worth DWI Accident? A Fort Worth DWI accident is a car accident in which one or more drivers are intoxicated by alcohol or drugs. In Texas, someone is considered intoxicated if their blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0. 08 percent or higher, or if they do not have normal use of their mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or a combination of both. Drivers involved in a DWI wreck often face criminal charges depending on the severity of the crash, including DWI, intoxication assault or intoxication manslaughter. They can also face civil liability, which occurs when the injured party or their loved one pursues a personal injury claim or lawsuit seeking monetary damages for injuries or wrongful death. The Fort Worth DWI accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett focuses on personal injury cases involving injuries or death caused by drunk drivers. Our team will help you understand your rights and legal options and hold the negligent driver civilly responsible for their actions. How do you sue a drunk driver? If you were hit by a suspected drunk driver in Fort Worth or the surrounding area and injured, there are a number of things you should do to put yourself in the best position for a successful personal injury... > Charged with a terroristic threat in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas terroristic threat lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2025-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/terroristic-threat/ Dallas Terroristic Threat Lawyer What is a Terroristic Threat in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code 22. 07, a threat of violence to either a person or property can instigate a terroristic threat charge. The threat must include criminal intent to follow through with it or cause the other person to be terrified enough to believe they’re in danger. Dallas Terroristic Threat Lawyers, Serving Dallas, Fort Worth, Southlake, Houston and Surrounding Cities When people think of terroristic threats, mass shootings and bombings often come to mind. There is, however, a range of lower-profile potential offenses covered under terroristic threat laws in Texas. Recently, there has been a rash of such cases in North Texas, including threats of shootings or violence by high school students. This post will examine what Texas considers a terroristic threat, the definition of intent, and some potential defenses against a terroristic threat charge. If you’re facing a terroristic threat charge in Dallas, Fort Worth, Southlake, Houston or the surrounding areas, it’s crucial to seek legal counsel as soon as possible. The criminal defense team at Varghese Summesett has decades of combined experience in Dallas, Tarrant and Harris counties. If you're a parent of a child facing a charge of terroristic threat, you will need a highly skilled juvenile lawyer. Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law, which means she is considered an expert in cases involving youth under the age of 17. Six Types of Intent in Texas Terroristic Threat Charges There are six specific types of intent addressed by Texas law as it pertains to terroristic threat, and the prosecutor only needs to prove one of them for a conviction. The intent to cause a reaction of any type to the threat by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies The intent to place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury The intent to disrupt the occupation or use of a building, a place of assembly, or a public space. It also includes places of employment or occupation, aircraft, automobiles, or other forms of conveyance, and other public places The intent to cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, power supply, or other public services The intent to place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury The intent to influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state. What is the Difference between a Dallas Terroristic Threat and Simple Assault? A terroristic threat can sometimes involve the same type of threat as an assault by threat case in Texas. The difference in the charge is the intent of the person making the threat. A terroristic threat occurs if there was intent, even if the victim was never in fear of imminent harm. This distinction is vital because a terroristic threat charge typically carries a stiffer penalty than simple assault. In Texas, you can... > Aggravated kidnapping in Fort Worth is punishable by up to 99 years in prison. Call a defense lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/robbery/aggravated/ Aggravated Robbery In Fort Worth In Texas, robbery and aggravated robbery are two separate offenses carrying different punishments. The difference between facing up to life in prison or as little as two years behind bars may come down to whether there was a display of a deadly weapon. If you or a loved one were accused of committing robbery with a deadly weapon, it’s imperative that your reach out to an experienced Fort Worth aggravated robbery lawyer today. What Constitutes Robbery in Texas? According to the Texas Penal Code Tex. Pen. Code 29. 02, a person commits robbery if, during the course of committing a theft, the person either: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; or Intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. Robbery is a second-degree felony punishable by two to 20 years in prison and up to $10,000 fine. What is Considered Aggravated Robbery? Under Tex. Pen. Code 29. 03, a person commits aggravated robbery if, during the course of committing a robbery as defined above, the person: Causes serious bodily injury to another; Uses or exhibits a deadly weapon; or Causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, if the other person is either disabled or 65 years old or older. Aggravated robbery is first-degree felony punishable by five to 99 years or life in prison. A fine of up to $10,000 may also be imposed. An aggravated robbery attorney in Fort Worth could build a defense to prevent these consequences. What is Bodily Injury? Under Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 1. 07(8), bodily injury is defined as “physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition. ” Courts broadly construe this definition to include minor physical contact as long as they constitute more than mere offensive touching. For aggravated robbery, the bodily-injury element is satisfied when violence is clearly perpetrated against another for the purpose of overcoming resistance to the theft. In Aguilar v. State, the Court of Appeals stated that juries are free to infer that a victim felt or suffered physical pain even when no direct evidence of physical pain is present. What is considered a Deadly Weapon? Under the Texas Penal Code §1. 07(a)(17), a deadly weapon is “anything manifestly designed ... for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury. ” If an object does not qualify as a deadly weapon per se under the statute, the State must prove that the object used in the offense was, in the manner of its use or intended use, capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. The following factors may be taken into consideration in determining whether an object is a deadly weapon: Physical proximity between the victim and the object; Threats or words used by the assailant; Size and shape of the weapon; Weapon’s ability to inflict death or serious injury; and Manner in which the assailant used... > Here's the 2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar. Print it out for easy access so you'll always know when you have visitation with your kids. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/texas-standard-possession-calendar/ 2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar: Whose Weekend Is It Anyway? If you share child visitation with your ex in Texas, get ready to mark your calendars. We created this 2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar to make it easier for you to keep track of your visitation rights as outlined in the Texas Family Code. This calendar specifies the custodial and noncustodial parents' visitation schedules, including weekends, holidays, spring break, summer vacation, and other important events in your child's life. Bookmark this article and calendar as your go-to resource for planning out precious time with your kids. 2026 Texas Standard Possession Calendar We have released a customizable possession calendar that accounts for standard possession schedules based on how far apart parents live: Parents who live within 50 miles of each other; Parents who live between 50-100 miles of each other; and Parents who live more than 100 miles away from each other. This customizable calendar also allows you to account for your child's school schedule and birthday. Why StandardPossession. com Texas Custody Calendar Tool Stands Out Here's what makes standardpossession. com stand out: Distance-Based Customization From the Start The first thing you'll do is select how far apart you and your co-parent live: under 50 miles, 50-100 miles, or over 100 miles. This matters because the Texas Standard Possession Order has different rules for each scenario—from weekend pickup times to how much summer possession you receive. StandardPossession. com automatically applies the correct rules based on your selection, so you're never working off the wrong calendar. Personalize It for Your Family Once you've set your distance, you can further customize the calendar by adding your child's school schedule and birthday. This ensures the calendar reflects your actual possession dates—not just generic estimates. Multiple Views and Easy Navigation Toggle between month view for a big-picture look or date view for day-by-day details. Important notice deadlines—like the April 1st summer possession notice—are highlighted so you never miss a critical date. Export, Print, and Embed Download the calendar as a PDF, print it out for your fridge, or export it directly to iCal so it syncs with your phone or any calendar app you use. Webmasters can even embed the calendar on their own sites—making it a versatile tool for family law attorneys and co-parenting resources alike. There's simply no better free tool for tracking Texas Standard Possession Order dates. Visit standardpossession. com to create your customized calendar today. Key Takeaways The 2026 Texas Standard Possession Order provides noncustodial parents with possession on the first, third, and fifth weekends each month, along with alternating holidays and extended summer possession. Schedules may allow customization for parents living within 50 miles of each other, as well as distinct guidelines for parents residing more than 100 miles apart to accommodate distance-related challenges. Failure to comply with a court-ordered possession schedule can lead to legal action, such as filing a motion for enforcement, which may result in consequences including fines or even jail time. Understanding the 2026 Texas Standard... > Federal prosecutors are filing more federal insurance fraud cases in Fort Worth and in the Northern District of Texas. Call for a free defense consultation. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/insurance/ Federal Insurance Fraud In Fort Worth Any attempt to deceive an insurance carrier, whether private or public, by making a false claim is actionable under federal law as insurance fraud. Many types of insurance policies can be the basis for these prosecutions. Examples of insurance fraud Claims made after arson to a home or vehicle; Claims made after homicides; Claims made where insurance brokers have tried to manipulate fraudulent policy or annuity transfers or even steal the proceeds of insurance policy liquidations. Claims made alleging missing or stolen insured jewelry Federal Charges for Insurinterance Fraud While the term “insurance fraud” is a term of art that connotes a specific victim (insurance carriers) and type of deception (filing a false claim), most often these crimes are prosecuted under generic fraud statutes such as 18 USC 1341 (mail fraud), 18 USC 1343 (wire fraud) and 18 USC 371 (conspiracy to defraud the United States). Unlike wire and mail fraud, a “371 conspiracy” carries up to 5 years imprisonment. In these prosecutions, the Government does not need to establish use of a telephonic, online, or postal carrier. Rather, it is only necessary to establish that the victim was a United States law. cornell. edu/uscode/text/18/1341entity (or some other federal nexus regarding the victim) at the time of the offense. Insurance fraud prosecutions may target individuals, groups of people, or even companies. This means that persons who cause damage to insured property could be held equally liable to persons who actually file falsified claims related to the intentional harm to insured persons or property. The fact that fraud schemes can include multiple people is significant because an increase in prosecution targets offers prosecutors an increase in potential cooperators and sources of evidence. Individuals accused of insurance fraud need help at the beginning stages of an investigation. It is common for federal or state agents (such as a state’s department of insurance or the FBI) to attempt to interview targets by surprise. This is often accomplished via visits to a target’s place of employment or home. People contacted by law enforcement officials need to be careful when interacting with law enforcement officials. Also, as these cases require the review of sometimes confusing, technical insurance policies and documents as well as financial records, it is important to have competent legal representation. It is also important for defense attorneys to arrange for experts to evaluate claim data and bank records to determine the proper monetary scope of the claim. This can have a substantial impact if a person receives a sentence for insurance fraud. Sentencing in Insurance Fraud Cases Federal sentences regarding mail and wire fraud are typically addressed under section 2B1. 1. Just as in healthcare fraud, wire fraud and mail fraud sentences are driven primarily by the amount of loss. This means that the policy claim drives a federal sentence. Further, it is important to understand that insurance fraud cases include the concept of intended losses. This means that if an insurance scheme is thwarted, the... > Here are the top five offenses that may require a Fort Worth student defense lawyer. Schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/ Fort Worth Student Defense Lawyer As students return to school, jail is probably the last thing on their minds. Unfortunately, many students will end up in handcuffs after making a poor decision. Here’s a look at the top five college student crimes and what you should do if you do find yourself behind bars. Top 5 College Student Crimes 1. Possession of Marijuana Marijuana is legal in a growing number of states, but Texas isn’t one of them. In Texas, it is still illegal to possess marijuana. While possession of drug paraphernalia is only a ticket, having a useable quantity can land you in jail for up to six months. Amounts as low as a third of a gram have been determined to be a usable quantity. As the quantity goes up, so does the punishment range. Possession of Drug Paraphernalia Class C Misdemeanor $0-500 Fine Possession of Marijuana Under Two Ounces Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in Jail, $0-2,000 fine Possession of Marijuana 2-4 oz Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in Jail, $0-4,000 fine Possession of Marijuana 4 oz to 5 lbs State Jail Felony 180 days – 2 Years in State Jail, Up to $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 5-50 lbs Third Degree Felony 2-10 Years Prison, Up to $10,000 fine Possession of Marijuana 50-2000 lbs Second Degree Felony 2-20 Years Prison, Up to $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 2000+ lbs First Degree Felony 5-99 Years/Life Prison, Up to $10,000 fine 2. Theft Shoplifting is one of the most common offenses for which students are arrested. Almost every student accused of theft starts their story off the same way: “I wasn’t thinking, and I never thought I would get caught. ” A theft conviction is one of the worst convictions because it is considered a crime of moral turpitude, which could jeopardize scholarships, student loans, housing, and employment opportunities. Theft Under $50 Class C Misdemeanor $0-500 Fine Theft $50-500 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in Jail, $0-2,000 fine Theft $500-$1500 Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in Jail, $0-4,000 fine Theft $1,500 – 20,000 State Jail Felony 180 days – 2 years in State Jail, Up to $10,000 fine Theft $20, 000- 100,000 Third Degree Felony 2-10 Years Prison, Up to $10,000 fine Theft 100,000 – 200,000 Second Degree Felony 2-20 Years Prison, Up to $10,000 fine Theft over $200,000 First Degree Felony 5-99 Years/Life Prison, Up to $10,000 fine 3. Assault In Texas, you can be charged with assault bodily injury if you hurt another person. If that person was even slightly injured, you could be looking at a year in jail. If you have that same fight with a police officer, you could be facing up to 10 years in prison. Assault by Contact Class C Misdemeanor $0-500 Fine Assault Bodily Injury Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in Jail, Up to $4,000 fine Assault Public Servant – Bodily Injury Third Degree Felony 2-10 Years Prison, Up to... > TCU disciplinary hearings are serious matters that could result in a student being removed from campus. It's best have an experienced attorney by your side. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/tcu-disciplinary-hearings/ TCU Disciplinary Hearings What To Do If You Are Accused At TCU Disciplinary Hearings Remember how excited you were when you got the admission letter into college? I bet when you thought about the next four years of your life, you never imagined that you might be facing academic career-ending allegations during that time. What many don’t realize is that when an allegation is made at a private university, traditional due process rights do not exist, and evidence gathered during the hearing process may later be used as evidence against you during the criminal process. A perfect example might be a student who is accused of possessing marijuana. Under Texas law, to be guilty of possession, the item must be within your “care, custody, and control. ” This is generally more than merely being in the same room or house as the contraband. It is certainly more than being in the same room and not knowing marijuana was stored somewhere in the room by another person. However, in TCU’s student handbook, being present where drugs are is a violation of the Code of Student Conduct. Additionally, just because less severe penalties may exist at school, nothing prohibits the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office from seeking a criminal penalty against a person whom the school has already sanctioned for the same conduct. What are Common College Campus Crimes? Common allegations that occur on campus include: Assault Charges Minor in Consumption Charges and Minor in Possession Charges DWI Charges Criminal Mischief Charges Criminal Trespass Drug Possession Possession of Prohibited Weapons Theft Charges Allegations of Sexual Misconduct, including rape or sexual assault Disorderly Conduct Tips if You’re Arrested at TCU Call us. Although the initial report may be made on campus, do not forget the same allegation may also give rise to a criminal charge. Our consultations are confidential and you can call us before you contact your parents. Our attorneys have handled both the on-campus hearings and criminal cases that were alleged to have occurred at TCU. Sign a Waiver Allowing to Release of Information to your attorney. Contact us for a waiver that allows us to obtain all of the information regarding the allegations against you. Do not sign a waiver reducing the standard notification timeline. Time is your ally. We will want to obtain information about the allegations against you and prepare a case in your defense. At TCU you have the right to have written notice of the complaint. If you receive such a notice, contact us immediately at (817) 203-2220. Allegations of sexual misconduct are taken especially seriously and the University attempts to resolve these complaints within 60 days. Because these allegations could eventually lead to a prison sentence of up to 20 years, and lifetime registration as a sex offender, the importance of contacting an attorney quickly cannot be overstated. Do not provide a statement without representation of counsel. It is very important that you have an attorney representing you before you give any statement or draft... > Charged with leaving the scene of an accident after a hit and run? Call a Fort Worth hit and run lawyer to discuss your legal options. - Published: 2024-03-27 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/hit-and-run/ Leaving The Scene Of An Accident In Texas It is not uncommon to hear about drivers leaving the scene of accidents in Texas, also referred to as a “hit and run. ” Sometimes the accident is a minor fender-bender while others may involve a major crash resulting in serious injuries or even death. Most drivers who flee the scene do so because they are scared of the consequences. Perhaps they had something to drink, were driving on a suspended license, or were speeding or texting. What they may not realize is that by failing to stop and render aid or failing to leave contact or insurance information, they very likely will make their situation worse if they get caught. To be sure, waiting for a knock on the door by police is also a very frightening way to live. In Texas, leaving the scene of an accident involving death, injury or property damage is a crime. The consequences for hit and run accidents can be severe depending on the facts and circumstances of the wreck. Here’s a look at requirements for drivers involved in motor vehicle accidents, including the possible punishments for failure to stop and render aid or failure to give information. If you were recently involved wreck and left the scene, it’s imperative that you contact an experienced defense hit and run attorney as soon as possible. Before You Go On: Where Did the Accident Happen? The laws described in this article only apply to accidents that take place on: (1) a road owned and controlled by a water control and improvement district; (2) a private access way or parking area provided for a client or patron by a business, other than a private residential property, or the property of a garage or parking lot for which a charge is made for storing or parking a motor vehicle; and (3) a highway or other public place. What is a Driver’s Duty when Involved in an Accident Involving Injury or Death? In Texas, drivers are legally obligated to stop if they are involved in a wreck where a person was injured or died. Section 550. 021 of the Texas Transportation Code specifically outlines what is required of drivers who are involved in a motor vehicle accident that results in injury or death of another person: immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the accident or as close to the scene as possible; immediately return to the scene of the accident if the vehicle is not stopped at the scene of the accident; immediately determine whether a person is involved in the accident and whether that person requires aid; and remain at the scene of the accident until the operator complies with the requirements of Section 023, which include: giving your name and address, the registration number of the vehicle you were driving, the name and contact information of the insurance company; showing your driver’s license if requested and available; providing any injured person reasonable assistance, including transporting or... > If you were injured at a gym, call our Workout Machine Injury Lawyer for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-07-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/workout-machine-injuries/ Gym and Workout Machine Injury Lawyer Millions of people use workout equipment daily to improve their physical fitness and overall well-being. Unfortunately, many will suffer injuries from the very equipment they trust to improve their health. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 526,000 people are injured by exercise equipment every year - 43,000 of which sustain catastrophic or even fatal, injuries. In this article, our Workout Machine Injury Lawyer explains common workout equipment accidents, who may be held liable, the legal process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. These injuries are often caused by defects in manufacturing, errors in product design, or inadequate installation - all of which are unacceptable. If you or a loved one was injured on a workout machine in Texas, it's essential to contact an experienced gym accident attorney as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. Key Takeaways Gym equipment accidents are more common than most people think and can lead to serious injuries. Understand your rights after a workout machine injury, including liability waivers and their limitations. Speak to a Texas gym accident lawyer for legal guidance on pursuing compensation for injuries sustained in an accident. Common Workout Equipment Accidents Every day, individuals are injured on gym equipment, turning their pursuit of health into a battle for recovery. Common workout equipment accidents can have serious consequences, from the sudden jolts of a malfunctioning treadmill to the unexpected release of a weight stack. Common accidents include: Treadmill mishaps Free weight injuries Tripping or falling while using unstable exercise machines Strains or sprains from lack of safety features In the following section, we will explore the various types of equipment that, when faulty, can lead to severe injuries. Treadmill Accidents Treadmill accidents are the most frequent source of gym equipment-related injuries. When treadmills malfunction due to sudden stops, belt issues, or electrical faults, users can be thrown off balance, resulting in falls that cause fractures, sprains, and even severe head injuries. According to Consumer Product Safety Commission data, treadmills are the most hazardous piece of malfunctioning equipment, resulting in common gym injuries such as: Spinal cord injuries Broken bones Sprains and strains Cuts and bruises Elliptical Machine Accidents Elliptical machines are designed to provide a low-impact workout, but when they are defective, the consequences can be anything but mild. Slip-and-fall incidents can occur if the foot pedals are unstable or the machine's resistance changes unexpectedly, leading to knee and ankle injuries or even more serious conditions like torn ligaments or meniscus injuries in the knee. Stationary Bike Injuries Stationary bike injuries can occur due to various malfunctions, such as broken pedals or faulty resistance systems. More than 27 percent of gym-related injuries are attributed to stationary bike use. Design flaws, such as an incorrect posture while cycling or poorly constructed seats and seat supports, can result in falls and impact injuries, leading to head and limb... > Propane accident can cause serious injuries and even death. Learn about how individuals and companies are held responsible by our propane accident lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/propane-accidents/ Propane Accident Lawyer: The Legal Help You Need Did you know that propane, the same fuel used for heating and cooking in millions of homes, can also be the cause of life-altering accidents? From severe burns to property damage, the consequences of a propane accident can be devastating. This blog post will provide you with valuable insights into the dangers of propane accidents, the importance of seeking a propane accident lawyer, and how to determine fault in these cases. Armed with this knowledge, you’ll be better prepared to navigate the complexities of a propane accident lawsuit and ensure that you receive the justice and compensation you deserve. The Dangers of Propane Accidents Propane, a colorless and odorless gas derived from petroleum and natural gas, is a versatile and widely used fuel source. While propane is undoubtedly practical and efficient, it is not without its risks. Propane accidents, such as tank explosions or gas leaks, can result in severe injuries, extensive property damage, and even fatalities. For those who use propane gas and equipment regularly, it’s imperative to comprehend the inherent risks and common causes of propane accidents. Propane Properties and Risks As a highly flammable gas, propane poses significant hazards when not handled properly. Propane leaks are particularly dangerous as the gas can accumulate to hazardous levels without warning, and it can ignite and cause propane explosions with little provocation. In fact, it is estimated that propane gas causes around 4,000 residential fires each year. Moreover, propane gas, stored under pressure in tanks and cylinders, can pose dangers if not maintained or stored appropriately. Failures in propane tanks can lead to gas leaks, fires, or even violent explosions. Recognizing the inherent risks associated with propane and taking appropriate precautions for its storage, handling, and use is essential. Common Propane Accident Scenarios Propane accidents can occur in various scenarios, from gas leaks and tank fires to devastating propane tank explosions. One such incident is when a propane tank explodes, which can be caused by common sources such as gas grills, heating systems, and water heaters, often resulting from negligence, defective tanks, or improper storage. Leaking propane is a frequent cause of accidents, as the gas can quickly accumulate and ignite, leading to explosive consequences. Injuries from propane accidents can be life-altering or even fatal, including: Severe burns Broken bones Skull fractures Traumatic brain injuries Other debilitating conditions Understanding the dangers associated with propane accidents, such as a propane tank fire, and implementing necessary precautions to prevent such devastating incidents is vital. Seeking Legal Assistance After a Propane Accident If you or a loved one has been involved in a propane accident, it’s vital to seek legal assistance to determine your rights to possible compensation. A propane accident lawyer can provide the necessary expertise and resources to guide you through the complex legal process, ensuring you receive the justice and compensation you deserve. The subsequent sections will outline the reasons for hiring a propane accident lawyer and their role in your case.... > Impeding breath or strangulation is a third-degree felony in Texas. Call an attorney to build a defense against assault by choking charges in Fort Worth. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/choking/ Assault By Choking Or Strangulation In Texas Strangulation or Felony Choking Charges in Texas Family violence assaults can be enhanced by an allegation that the assault was “strangulation” – which means choking or “impeding breath or circulation. ” Choking allegations can be among the most difficult to defend because the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office regularly prosecutes choking (also called strangulation cases) when there are no visible injuries. They also prosecute cases that the alleged victim has no desire for the prosecution to go forward. What is Choking, Strangulation, or Impeding Breath in Texas? Assault, including Assault by Choking, is defined by Penal Code Section 22. 01. Choking means intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to a person’s throat or neck or by blocking the person’s nose or mouth. If a person is accused of having impeded the breath or circulation of a family member or dating partner, that case is going to get filed as an Assault Family Violence – Choking charge. In Tarrant County, these cases are generally handled by the Felony Family Violence Unit. Choking allegations range from manual strangulation (using hands) to strangulation using other objects (such as rope, cords, etc. ). In some cases, the defense of consent might be raised, particularly if the choking took place in a consensual BDSM relationship. What if the Alleged Victim in an Impeding Breath Case had No Injuries? The law does not require bruises, marks, burst capillaries in the eyes (petechiae), or any other type of visible injury for the state to proceed on this charge. In fact, most Family Violence choking cases prosecuted by the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office do not have any visible injuries. What Level Offense is Choking, Strangulation, or Impeding Breath? In Fort Worth, an allegation that a person intentionally, knowingly, or even recklessly impeded the breath or circulation of blood of someone who is considered a family member will give rise to a third-degree felony charge of Assault by Choking or Impeding Breath. This is a third degree felony, unless the person has a prior family violence conviction in which case it is enhanced to a second-degree felony. Assault – Strangulation is a Third Degree Felon Is Choking, Strangulation, or Impeding Breath a “3g” Offense? Assault by Impeding Breath or Choking is not a 3g offense. Click here to learn more about 3g offenses. However, the State may allege the item that was used, whether it was hands or rope or some other object, was a deadly weapon. The deadly weapon paragraph, if found to be true, will make the offense a 3g offense. Build a Defense Again Assault by Choking Allegations in Fort Worth If you are facing allegations of assault by choking in Fort Worth, call our experienced lawyers to discuss your legal rights and options. We have decades of experience and proven results. Call today for a free consultation. (817) 203-2220. Affidavit of NonProsecution Form 2020... > Were you injured or a loved one killed while working in a Texas oilfield? Call for a free consulation with an experienced Texas oilfield accident lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-oilfield-accidents/ Texas Oilfield Accident Lawyer Texas leads the nation in oilfield production, an industry that employs more than 480,000 workers a year. It's a financially lucrative profession, with workers earning an average annual salary of $124,000. But these six-figure salaries can come at a price. Oilfield sites are notoriously dangerous and even deadly. In fact, Texas leads the nation with the most oilfield deaths - a distinction that no state wants to hold. Oftentimes, oil companies put profit over safety, leading to negligent accidents that result in serious injuries or fatalities. If you have been injured or a loved one killed while working at an oil site in Texas, it's important to contact an experienced Texas oilfield accident lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for your injuries or losses. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett explain common causes of oilfield accidents, the process of recovering compensation, and how we can help you. Leading Causes of Oilfield Accidents & Deaths In 2023, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a first-of-its-kind study that tracked the leading causes of oil and gas site fatalities nationwide. The study, which relied on federal workplace data from 2014 through 2019, tracked a total of 470 deaths among industry workers across the country and found that vehicle crashes and being hit by an object while on the job were the leading contributors, followed by explosions, falls, and exposures to harmful substances. Texas, the nation's largest oil producer, had the most deaths at 219 during this time period, followed by 48 in Oklahoma and 39 in North Dakota. In this section, we will discuss the common causes of oilfield accidents and fatalities in Texas. Motor Vehicle Accidents Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of oilfield deaths - accounting for 29 percent of the oilfield fatalities nationwide. Oilfields are known for their extensive use of heavy machinery and large vehicles, including semi-trucks, haul trucks, and tanker trucks. These vehicles are needed to transport sand, water, and other materials used in the drilling process. Long working hours, inexperience, fatigue, distracted driving, and hazardous road conditions can all contribute to an increased risk of accidents. Being Hit by an Object One of the most common causes of injuries and deaths in oilfields is workers being struck by heavy equipment or flying debris. The nature of oil extraction involves the use of large machinery, tools, and components under high pressure, which can become projectiles if they malfunction or are mishandled. This risk is exacerbated by the often cramped and cluttered conditions of drilling sites, where high-speed operations mean that even a small error can lead to catastrophic outcomes. Explosions Oilfields are fraught with the risk of explosions due to the highly flammable nature of hydrocarbons being extracted and processed. These incidents can be triggered by a spark, equipment failure, or during the transportation and storage of oil and gas. Explosions not only pose an immediate threat to life but also... > Injured in a Texas scaffolding accident due to negligence? Speak to a Dallas-Fort Worth scaffolding accident lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/scaffolding-accidents/ Dallas-Fort Worth Scaffolding Accident Lawyer Scaffolding is designed to make construction and job sites safer. It provides a stable platform for workers to perform tasks at elevated heights. However, despite its intended safety benefits, scaffolding can also present significant risks. Unfortunately, each year, improper use, inadequate maintenance, and failure to adhere to safety protocol turn these structures into hazards, leading to thousands of injuries and, in some cases, fatalities. In fact, scaffold hazards have ranked in the top five most common OSHA violations since 2016, according to the Texas Department of Insurance. If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a scaffolding accident in North Texas, it's imperative to seek help from an experienced Dallas-Fort Worth scaffolding accident lawyer as quickly as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In the article, a Dallas-Fort Worth scaffolding accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett explains common causes of scaffolding accidents, the process for recovering compensation and how our law firm can help. Key takeaway: Lack of proper training, improper installation and maintenance, and inadequate safety measures and negligence are common cause of scaffold accidents. A number of entities and individuals could potentially be held liable for a scaffolding accident. It's important to contact an experienced Dallas-Fort Worth scaffolding lawyer as soon as possible after an accident with injuries. Common Causes of Scaffold Accidents Scaffolding accidents are a significant concern in the construction industry and can lead to severe injuries or even fatalities. Understanding the common causes of these accidents is crucial for preventing and ensuring workers' safety. Here are some of the primary factors contributing to scaffolding accidents: 1. Improper Assembly and Dismantling One of the leading causes of scaffolding accidents is the incorrect assembly or dismantling of the scaffold structure. This often occurs due to a lack of proper training or neglecting the manufacturer's instructions, leading to unstable and unsafe scaffolding. 2. Lack of Proper Training Workers who are not adequately trained in scaffold use, including how to climb, work from, and navigate the structure safely, are at a higher risk of accidents. Comprehensive training programs are essential to equip workers with the necessary knowledge and skills. 3. Inadequate Maintenance and Inspections Regular maintenance and inspections are crucial to ensure the integrity and safety of scaffolding. Neglecting these practices can result in weakened components, rust, and wear and tear that compromise the scaffold's stability. 4. Overloading Scaffolds have specific weight limits designed to ensure their structural integrity. Overloading a scaffold with too many workers or materials can lead to collapses, posing serious risks to anyone on or around the structure. 5. Environmental Factors Adverse weather conditions, such as high winds, rain, or ice, can significantly impact scaffold safety. Such conditions can make scaffolds slippery and unstable, increasing the risk of falls and structural failures. 6. Lack of Safety Equipment Failing to use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as harnesses, helmets, and non-slip footwear, can increase the severity of... > Sentencing in federal firearms cases involves high mandator minimums. Contact Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-02-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/sentencing-in-firearms-cases/ Understanding Federal Sentencing in Firearms Cases The United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG) was an attempt to reach the goal of consistent sentencing among the 94 federal districts. In other words, the United States Guideline Commission was established to try to ensure that persons sentenced in Georgia were punished similarly to persons punished in Washington State for the same offense. However, as is the case with many ideals, an admirable idea actually had a number of problems in its implementation. It has been criticized for contributing to large sentences in the federal criminal system. To be more specific, the Guidelines are a set of principles and rules designed to apply a mathematic formula that generates a specific range of punishment for a crime. Understanding the Federal Sentencing Guidelines in Firearms Cases It is important to recognize that there are two ranges of punishment in every federal case: the statutory range and the guideline range. Think of the statutory range as the outer sentencing boundaries established by Congress for every offense. For example, a felon in possession of a firearm, assuming that the defendant is not an armed career criminal, is likely facing a statutory punishment range of between 0 to 10 years imprisonment. However, the Guidelines would actually look at the criminal history of the defendant and specific offense characteristics to create a more specific sentence recommendation. Using the same example, while the person charged with possession of a firearm by a felon is facing a sentence of up to 10 years, that person’s guideline calculation will be much narrower. Imagine this person has two felony priors of burglary committed within the last 12 years and he possessed two semiautomatic rifles, one of which has an obliterated serial number. Application of Federal Sentencing Guidelines in Federal Sentencing of Firearms Cases First, the correct guideline section will need to be determined. In this case, it is Section 2K2. 1. Then, the correct base offense level will need to be identified. Under the Guidelines, a person with two prior felony convictions who possesses a semiautomatic firearm that is capable of accepting a large magazine starts with a base offense level of 26. Then, the facts need to be evaluated to see if any enhancements apply on the basis of enhanced specific offense characteristics. In this case, four levels are added because of the altered serial number. Thus, the total offense level would be 30. Next, the offender’s criminal history creates a criminal history score. In this case, two convictions would likely garner six criminal history points that would put the defendant in criminal history category of III. If the offender pleads guilty in a timely fashion, then the Court and the Government would likely agree to a three level reduction for acceptance of responsibility. In the end, this offender would have a criminal history score of III and a total offense level of 27. Under the Guidelines, a sentence of between 87 and 108 months would be called for. This range is determined... > Improper relationship between educator and student in Fort Worth carries up to a 20-year sentence. We have successfully defended these cases throughout Texas. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/educator-student/ Improper Relationship Between Educator And Student What is an Improper Relationship Between an Educator and a Student in Texas? In the simplest terms, Texas law prohibits a teacher from having sexual contact with a student. Notice that Penal Code Section 21. 12 (a) says this offense can be charged against any employee, from a janitor to a superintendent. The offense of Improper Relationship between Educator and Student is a second degree felony in Texas. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=c5qQPmsbcA4 What Is Sexual Contact? “Sexual contact” means any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. Improper Relationship between a Teacher and Student in Texas Allegations of an improper relationship between educator and student continue to make the news regularly. Our attorneys have defended teachers and other school employees against such allegations in a number of counties throughout North Texas. The allegations can be devastating, but with the right approach, these legal problems can be resolved through a proactive and thorough defense team. Texas law prohibits sexual contact between a teacher, educator, or any employee of a public or private primary or secondary school and a student. The offense is codified under Penal Code Section 21. 12 as “Improper Relationship between Educator and Student. ” Our attorneys have represented teachers across North Texas against these charges. Improper relationship between educator and student charges are particularly challenging in many ways: The charges are often highly publicized, regardless of the merits of the accusation. The media attention often forces District Attorney’s Offices to take harsher positions than they otherwise might. The employer will certainly terminate the employment agreement. The attention may result in members of the media seeking to obtain statements from or pictures of the accused. Fortunately, our attorneys are experienced in handling these matters head-on. So far, we have been able to avoid a conviction and prison time for our clients accused of this offense. However, every case is different and those outcomes depended upon our clients following our advice to the last letter. Looking at Texas as a whole, the Texas Tribune reported most of the individuals incarcerated on this charge were sentenced in the 10 to 20 year range. Potential Defenses for Improper Student-Educator Conduct Our team of former prosecutors includes chiefs of Special Victim’s Units, including the Crimes Against Children Unit. We have been prosecutors at both the state and federal levels. The sum total of our experience means there is not an allegation that can be made against you that we are not prepared for. We know how prosecutors will build their case against you, so we know how to best protect you. We are also adept at identifying and overcoming false allegations and preparing a meticulous defense case. While public opinion quickly jumps to a conclusion not favorable to the accused, a diligent defense can, in many cases, overcome or force a reduction in the charged conduct. These... > Indecency with a Child by Exposure is a serious felony offense that, if convicted, will require registration as a sex offender. Learn more. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/indecency-with-a-child-by-exposure/ Indecency With A Child By Exposure Texas Penal Code 21. 11 Indecency with a Child in Texas Indecency with a Child is a serious felony offense in Texas. It can be found in Texas Penal Code Section 21. 11, which covers both Indecency with a Child by Exposure and Indecency with a Child by Contact. Who is a minor in Texas for purposes of Indecency with a Child? A child is someone under the age of 17 in Texas. Texas law allows accusations of Indecency with a Child to be brought without any evidence the accused knew the age of the alleged victim. What’s the difference between Indecency with a Child by Contact and Indecency with a Child by Exposure in Texas? https://youtu. be/9SSyhUO61cY Indecency by Contact Indecency by Exposure Mental State Intent to gratify the sexual desire of any person Intent to gratify the sexual desire of any person Act The person sexually contacts, or causes the minor to contact them sexually Exposure of the anus or genitals to the minor, or of the minor Includes Touching through the clothing of breast, anus, or genitals Exposure of any part of the genitals Punishment 2-20 years and up to $10,000 fine 2-10 years and up to $10,000 fine Does Not Require Penetration of any type Contact of any type Does Not Require Physical evidence, or any other witness Physical evidence, or any other witness Offense Level Second Degree Third Degree Sex Offender Registration Lifetime 10 years What is considered indecency with a child? Any exposure of the anus or genitals to or of a minor for sexual gratification is indecency by exposure. Any contact with or to the anus, genitals, or breast of a minor that is not penetration (which would be sexual assault) for sexual gratification is indecency by contact in Texas. This is also referred to as Indecency-Fondling. What's the difference between indecency with a child by exposure, indecent exposure, and disorderly conduct for exposure? Under Texas law, the definitions of "indecent exposure," "indecency with a child by exposure," and "disorderly conduct" share similar elements involving exposure of the genitals or anus, but they differ significantly in their specifics, intended audience, and legal consequences. Here’s a breakdown of each offense according to Texas Penal Code and their respective implications, including potential punishment and sex offender registration requirements. Offense Definition Punishment Range Sex Offender Registration Required Indecent Exposure Under Penal Code §21. 08, involves intentionally or knowingly exposing one’s genitals intending to arouse or gratify sexual desire, done recklessly about whether another person present will be offended or alarmed. Class B misdemeanor, which generally involves up to 180 days in a county jail and/or a fine up to $2,000. No, unless the individual has prior convictions for sex offenses. Indecency with a Child by Exposure Under Penal Code §21. 11(a)(2), involves exposing one's genitals or anus to a child under 17 years of age with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, including the actor,... > If you lost a loved one due to the negligence of another, your may be considering a wrongful death claim. Here is what you need to know. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death-claims/ Wrongful Death Attorney Helping Survivors Seek Justice And Hold Liable Parties Accountable During the course of any given day, we’re all exposed to potential risks. Unfortunately, many of the most dangerous situations we find ourselves in are due to the negligent or wrongful acts of others. In some instances, these acts can lead to serious injuries — and, on occasion, even avoidable deaths. If you have lost a loved one due to another party’s actions, you and other surviving family members may be entitled to substantial compensation. It’s important to speak with a wrongful death attorney in Texas to understand your rights. At Varghese Summersett, our team of experienced attorneys understands what you’re going through. We’ve worked with many family members who have suffered a loved one’s death due to the wrongful actions of other individuals, organizations, and even business entities. We know that such losses can be financially devastating — but more importantly, we understand that reckless parties have taken away something that can’t be given back. This is why having an experienced attorney on your side is critical to ensure the responsible party is held liable for their actions. Contact our wrongful death lawyers for a free consultation today. Do You Have A Valid Wrongful Death Claim? Wrongful death claims are very much like personal injury cases under Texas law. In fact, the elements required for a valid personal injury case are the same as those required for a valid wrongful death case. The only added requirement for the latter is that the victim in the incident must die from their injuries. Thus, any death that could have resulted in a personal injury claim had the victim survived — can lead to a valid wrongful death claim when they die. However, it’s important to understand the aforementioned three elements for a valid case. If these exist following a loved one’s death, you may be entitled to substantial compensation: 1. Duty Of Care The first thing that any wrongful death lawyer will review is whether a duty of care exists. Fortunately, this is often an easy element to establish. Simply put, a duty of care is a responsibility to avoid actions that could harm others. For instance, motorists are expected to drive responsibly in order to avoid car accidents. Showing that a duty of care exists is foundational to proving a person’s negligence. 2. Violation Of Duty It’s also necessary to show that another party violated their duty of care in order to establish liability in a case. In the case of motorists, this could include providing proof that the driver was distracted, intoxicated, or merely driving recklessly. Such actions greatly increase the risk of a fatal accident, so the driver will have certainly violated their duty of care in these instances. 3. Harm Causation Showing that a violation of duty occurred is not enough to recover compensation. After all, people violate duties of care daily when they speed, stack products too high in a store, let their dogs... > Arrested or ticket for assault by contact? Call for a free consultation with a Collin County assault by contact lawyer today. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/assault-by-contact/ COLLIN COUNTY ASSAULT BY CONTACT LAWYER | CLASS C ASSAULT Did you know shoving someone or poking them in the chest can be a crime in Texas - even if no one was injured or even felt pain? It's called assault by contact and it's more common than you may think. If you or a loved one has been ticketed or arrested for assault by contact in Collin County, it's important to contact a criminal attorney with experience defending these types of cases. If it's not handled correctly, it can result in a criminal conviction on your record. Collin County Assault by Contact Lawyer Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper and Surrounding Areas At the law firm of Varghese Summersett, we understand that emotions run high during heated arguments, but that shouldn't negatively impact the rest of your life. We know what it takes to get these charges dismissed and keep your record clean. In this article, a Collin County assault by contact lawyer will explain the crime, the punishment, and why you should never just pay the fine. What is assault by contact in Collin County? Assault by contact is defined by Texas law as intentionally or knowingly causing physical contact with another person when he or she knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. Examples could include shoving someone, poking them in the chest, grabbing them by the collar or spitting on them. What is the punishment for assault by contact? Assault by contact is usually a Class C misdemeanor, which is the lowest level of assault offense in Texas. The punishment for a Class C misdemeanor is a maximum fine of $500. However, the punishment can be elevated if: - the assault was committed against an elderly or disabled individual, which would be a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. - the assault was committed by a non-sports participant against a person participating in a sporting event or in retaliation for the participant's performance or duty as a sports participant. In this instance, it would be a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2000 fine. Why shouldn't I just pay the fine for assault by contact? Many people who receive an assault by contact ticket think they should just pay the $500 fine and be done with it. That is actually the worst thing you can do. When you pay the fine, you are pleading guilty to the assault by contact charge and that will go on your criminal record. That could make it difficult to get a job, housing, or a loan in the future. A momentary lapse in judgment during a heated exchange can follow you forever. That's why it is vital to contact Collin County assault by contact lawyer who can work to get the charges dismissed altogether so there is no conviction on your record. How can... > We have built a reputation for relentless, unwavering DWI defense. Call today for free consultation with a Collin County DWI lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/dwi/ Collin County DWI Lawyer Varghese Summersett defends DWI cases throughout Collin County from our nearby Dallas and Southlake offices, and the consultation is free. We have secured dismissals and reductions in Collin County. If you've been arrested for a DWI, we're here to help. Where Your Collin County DWI Case Will Be Heard No matter which city you were stopped in, a Collin County DWI runs through the same county system. After an arrest in Plano, Frisco, McKinney, Allen, or anywhere else in the county, you are booked into the Collin County Detention Facility in McKinney, brought before a magistrate, and given conditions of release. Most first-time DWI defendants bond out within a day, often with an ignition interlock device required as a condition of bond. Your case is then filed at the Collin County courthouse, the Russell A. Steindam Courts Building at 2100 Bloomdale Road in McKinney. A first or second DWI is a misdemeanor heard in one of the Collin County Courts at Law. A felony DWI (a third offense, an intoxication assault, or an intoxication manslaughter) is heard in a District Court. Knowing which court holds your case, and how that specific court and prosecutor handle DWIs, shapes the strategy from day one. How Collin County Prosecutes DWI The Collin County Criminal District Attorney's Office prosecutes DWI cases hard. The office routinely uses blood search warrants: if you decline a breath or blood test at the roadside, a prosecutor or officer can get a warrant signed and draw your blood anyway. Collin County is also more conservative than some neighboring counties about reducing a DWI to a lesser charge such as obstruction of a highway, which means earning a better outcome usually depends on attacking the evidence rather than counting on a routine reduction. That posture is exactly why early defense work pays off here. The sooner we can preserve the stop video, the breath or blood records, and the maintenance and calibration history on the testing equipment, the more leverage we have before the prosecutor's position hardens. The Collin County DWI Court and Other Alternatives Collin County runs a DWI and Drug Court program through County Court at Law No. 7. It is a voluntary, court-supervised treatment track for eligible defendants that runs at least 12 months and includes regular court check-ins, counseling, and alcohol and drug testing. For the right client, completing it can mean early termination of probation and a path to keeping the conviction from defining your future. It is not the right fit for everyone, and it is not the only option. We walk you through whether the DWI Court, a negotiated resolution, standard DWI probation, or taking the case to trial gives you the best result. Your Driver's License After a Collin County DWI A DWI arrest starts a separate license case on a fast clock. You have only 15 days from your arrest to request an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) hearing, or your license is automatically suspended. We request that... > Our Southlake Family Lawyers are known for achieving exceptional results. Southlake divorce lawyer team that is known for exceptional results. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/ Our Southlake family lawyer helps you resolve the legal matters tied to your family's future, including divorce, child custody, adoption, grandparent rights, prenuptial agreements, CPS defense, and protective orders. Varghese Summersett represents Southlake families across the full spectrum of Texas family law, whether the matter ends at the settlement table or the courthouse. If your situation involves divorce specifically, our Southlake divorce attorney page covers that process in depth. If you're facing something else, or you're not yet sure what you need, keep reading. Why Southlake Families Choose Varghese Summersett We live here. Our kids go to school here. We understand what Southlake families value, from the Carroll ISD school zones that shape custody disputes to the privacy considerations that matter when your neighbors sit on your PTA or coach your kids. Our office at 3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110 was chosen with both accessibility and discretion in mind, because sensitive family matters deserve a setting where you can speak freely. Varghese Summersett has been named a Southlake Style Readers' Choice "Top Law Firm" multiple years running, a recognition voted on by the residents we serve. The firm has also been recognized by The Best Lawyers in America, named to the Inc. 5000 list of fastest-growing American companies three times, and honored with D Magazine and Fort Worth Magazine "Best Law Firm" and "Best Place to Work" awards. Our Southlake family law team is led by Craig Jackson, a partner who has been Board Certified in Family Law for more than 20 years and previously served as an Associate Judge in Tarrant County's 360th District Court. He is joined by Turner Thornton, who leads the firm's Family Law Division and is recognized by Best Lawyers in America, and Dena L. Wilson, a partner with more than two decades of family law experience and a Texas Super Lawyer since 2012. When you hire a Southlake family lawyer from our firm, you're hiring experienced advocates who are also invested neighbors. You've Seen Us On What Types of Cases Do Our Southlake Family Lawyers Handle? Our team of Southlake family lawyers represents clients in the legal proceedings that affect marriage, children, and household finances. Under the Texas Family Code, these matters are heard in specialized family courts with their own rules, procedures, and presumptions. An experienced family attorney knows those rules and uses them to protect what matters to you. Family law is far broader than divorce. Our Southlake attorneys handle every major category of family law practice in Texas, and many clients resolve their matters without ever setting foot in a courtroom. The sections below walk through what we handle and link to deeper resources where available. Divorce and Property Division Divorce is the most common reason families call us, but it's only one path. We handle contested and uncontested divorces, high-net-worth cases involving business valuations and executive compensation, collaborative divorce for couples who want to stay out of court, and military and international divorces with jurisdictional complications. For a complete overview... > Experienced Southlake Child Custody Lawyer - Compassionate, Expert Legal Guidance for You and Your Children. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/child-custody/ Southlake Child Custody Lawyer When parents separate or divorce, they often contact a family lawyer wanting "custody" of their children. Most of the time, what they mean is that they want their child to live primarily with them. Unfortunately, child custody isn't that simple. In Texas, child custody focuses not just on where the child lives but on who has the right to make decisions about the child's welfare, education, health care, and other important aspects of their upbringing. It often involves a complex legal and emotional process that requires careful consideration of various factors. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group explain the various types of child custody in Texas and how courts decide custody arrangements. We'll also discuss the process of modifying custody orders, how child support and visitation factor into custody decisions, and the advantages of having a knowledgeable Southlake child custody lawyer on your side. Key Takeaways Texas courts prioritize the best interests of the child when making custody decisions. Child support and custody are distinct matters, with visitation rights independent of payments. Hiring an experienced Southlake child custody lawyer is essential to protect parents and children's interests in family law disputes. Understanding Conservatorship in Texas To understand child custody, it's important first to grasp the specific legal terminology and concepts. In Texas, custody is referred to in the legal arena as "conservatorship" and parents are referred to as "conservators. " There's also a distinction between legal custody and physical custody. Here's a further explanation: Conservatorship: This refers to the legal responsibilities and rights a parent has regarding their child. Conservatorship in Texas is primarily about the right to make decisions for the child, including decisions about medical treatment, education, and religious upbringing. It's not solely about where the child lives, which is a common misconception. Conservator: A conservator is a person who is given these rights and responsibilities. In the context of family law, a conservator is usually one of the child's parents. Texas law recognizes different types of conservatorship or custody, which our Southlake child custody lawyers explain below. Legal Custody Legal custody refers to the right to make major decisions regarding a child's life. This includes decisions about education, health care, religious upbringing, and other significant aspects. Physical Custody Physical custody refers to with whom the child lives and the daily care of the child. In Texas, this is referred to as "possession and access. " The parent with whom the child primarily resides is called the "custodial parent," while the other is the "non-custodial parent. " The non-custodial parent is typically granted a possession schedule, which outlines when they will spend time with the child. Texas family law courts often create a Standard Possession Order (SPO), which provides a schedule for the non-custodial parent's time with the child, including weekends, holidays, and summer vacations. Types of Child Custody in Texas In Texas, there are three main types of conservatorship or child custody agreements. Joint Managing Conservatorship (JMC), also... > Need help with a child support matter? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced Southlake child support lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/child-support/ Southlake Child Support Lawyer If you have children and are facing divorce or separation in Southlake, you are probably wondering about child support. Which parent pays it? How much and for how long? What happens if they fail to pay? In this blog post, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law group discuss child support in Texas, how it is calculated, the consequences of failing to pay, and the role of a Southlake child support lawyer in navigating these issues. Key Takeaways Child Support in Texas is a legally mandated financial obligation of both parents to ensure the well-being of their children. Southlake child support lawyers provide expert legal advice and representation for establishing, modifying, and enforcing child support agreements. Contact Varghese Summersett Family Law Group for experienced guidance with your child support matter. Child Support in Texas: What Is It? Child support is the money that a parent pays to assist in the costs of raising a child. Most of the time, child support is ordered by a family court judge after a divorce or separation. This financial support is intended to cover various expenses related to the child's well-being, including food, shelter, housing, school supplies, daycare, and extracurricular activities. The history of child support laws in Texas dates back to 1989, with the introduction of standardized guidelines for calculating support. These guidelines were established to ensure a fair and consistent approach to determining child support obligations, taking into account the non-custodial parent's income and the number of children requiring support. Over the years, these laws have been revised and updated to reflect better the changing economic conditions and the needs of children in Texas. The Texas Family Code outlines specific rules and percentages of the non-custodial parent's income to be allocated for child support, making the process more transparent and straightforward. The objective is not only to provide financial assistance for the direct costs of raising a child but also to ensure that the child's standard of living is maintained in both households, to the extent possible. Texas law recognizes the importance of both parents contributing to the upbringing and support of their children. Child support cases are handled with the child's best interests in mind, aiming to provide stability and adequate resources for their growth and development. Who Pays Child Support? Who Receives It? In Texas, non-custodial parents (obligors) are responsible for providing child support, while custodial parents (obligees) receive it. The court determines the obligor and obligee based on the obligor’s net monthly income and the number of minor children involved. Joint custody does not negate the responsibility for child support payments, as the court will assess the details of the child support based on relevant criteria, including the financial situation of both parents, including the non-custodial parent. How Long Does Child Support Last? Child support payments generally terminate upon the child reaching 18 years of age or graduating from high school, whichever occurs first. The court may also stop child support payments if any of... > Seeking a collaborative divorce in Southlake or the surrounding area? Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with an experienced Southlake collaborative divorce lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/collaborative-divorce/ A Southlake collaborative divorce lawyer can help you end your marriage privately, respectfully, and out of court. Collaborative divorce is a voluntary, out-of-court process that allows Southlake couples to resolve property division, child custody, and support through negotiation rather than litigation. Both spouses work with specially trained attorneys and other professionals to reach agreements that protect privacy, reduce conflict, and often lead to faster, less expensive resolutions than a traditional courtroom battle. For Southlake residents who value discretion — especially those who are well known in the community or who have substantial assets and children — collaborative divorce offers a dignified alternative to litigation. Varghese Summersett Family Law Group has experienced collaborative divorce attorneys, certified in collaborative law, who serve clients throughout Southlake, Westlake, Colleyville, Grapevine, Keller, Trophy Club, and the rest of Tarrant County. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 15, both parties sign a participation agreement committing to resolve every issue through cooperation rather than litigation. Call 817-203-2220 to speak with a Southlake collaborative divorce attorney today. What Is Collaborative Divorce in Texas? Collaborative divorce, also called collaborative law under Texas law, is a voluntary process in which both spouses agree to work together with their attorneys and other trained professionals to settle their divorce without going to court. Instead of adversarial litigation, the focus is on cooperation, honest communication, and finding solutions that work for everyone involved. Each spouse hires an attorney trained in collaborative law, and the team may also include financial advisors, child specialists, and mental health counselors who address specific concerns. This approach allows couples to maintain the dignity and privacy that traditional divorce proceedings often cannot provide. By working together in private settings, spouses resolve their differences without making personal details part of the public court record. This protects both personal and professional reputations while reducing the emotional toll of divorce, and it gives couples the freedom to craft creative, customized agreements tailored to their family's unique situation. What Issues Can Be Resolved in a Southlake Collaborative Divorce? A Southlake collaborative divorce addresses all of the same matters that would be decided in court — but through open, respectful negotiation rather than litigation. The collaborative team works together to resolve: Child Custody and Parenting Plans Living arrangements: Where the children will live and the schedule for spending time with each parent. Decision-making authority: How parents will handle education, healthcare, and religious-upbringing decisions. Special needs: Addressing any unique requirements of the children. The collaborative setting encourages parents to focus on what is best for their children rather than fighting for position. Child Support Financial support: Calculating payments based on Texas guidelines, the children's needs, and each parent's resources. Additional expenses: Handling costs for education, extracurricular activities, and healthcare. Spousal Support (Alimony) Need and ability to pay: Evaluating whether spousal support is appropriate based on the length of the marriage, each spouse's earning capacity, and the standard of living during the marriage. Division of Property and Debts Assets: Dividing real estate, bank accounts, investments, and personal... > Seeking a Southlake Property Division Lawyer? Our attorneys specialize in complex property division in Texas divorces. Call 817-900-3220. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-family-lawyer/property-division/ A Southlake property division lawyer helps divorcing spouses identify, value, and divide marital assets and debts fairly. Texas is a community property state, which means property obtained during the marriage (including cars, houses, and bank accounts) is considered jointly owned by both spouses under Texas Family Code Chapter 3. So who gets what in a divorce? That's where an experienced Southlake property division lawyer comes in. Understanding the difference between community and separate property, knowing what factors courts consider, and avoiding common mistakes can make a significant difference in your financial future. In this article, our attorneys explain property division in Texas, what factors are considered when divvying up assets, and how a Southlake property division lawyer can help protect your financial future during divorce. But first, please take a moment to watch this video by attorney Turner Thornton, a highly experienced high-asset divorce lawyer. Texas is a Community Property State Texas is a community property state, which means that most property acquired during the marriage is considered jointly owned by both spouses. This includes houses and vehicles, bank accounts, and even debt. However, there are some exceptions to what can be considered community property, such as inherited items or gifts given to one spouse. Below we will explain the different classifications of property in Texas and how they are divided during a divorce. Types of Property in a Texas Divorce Property falls under three classifications in the context of a Texas divorce: community, separate, and mixed. Each has its own unique characteristics and implications for property division. Community Property The heart of Texas property division lies in community property. This refers to all assets acquired during the marriage, making them jointly owned by both spouses. These assets, from real estate to retirement accounts, are subject to division during a divorce. Separate Property On the flip side, separate property refers to any assets owned by one spouse prior to the marriage or acquired by only one spouse during the marriage, such as gifts and inheritances. These assets remain untouched during the property division process. Mixed Property The final category is mixed property, a combination of separate and community property. This type of property comes into play when both separate and community funds are used to acquire property. For example, if one partner owned a home before the marriage but both partners contributed to the mortgage payments during the marriage, determining the division of this asset can be complicated. Similarly, if a retirement account was started before the marriage but continued to grow through contributions during the marriage, it needs to be carefully evaluated for equitable division. Learn more about commingling of funds in marriage. In cases where the division of property is contentious, it often requires the expertise of financial analysts, appraisers, and legal professionals to ensure a fair distribution. The courts will look at various factors to decide what is "just and right. " These factors can include each spouse's financial situation post-divorce, their earning capabilities, the duration of... > If you have been arrested for an offense in Southlake, find the best criminal defense firm for you. Meet our Southlake criminal defense attorney - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-criminal-defense-attorney/ Southlake is a vibrant city known for excellent schools, a family-friendly atmosphere, and a close-knit community where reputation matters. But criminal allegations don't skip over even the nicest neighborhoods. When you're facing charges that could derail your career, threaten your freedom, and damage your standing in this community, you need attorneys who understand what's at stake. Varghese Summersett has become the firm of choice for Southlake residents because we bring the resources of a major law firm with the personalized attention your case deserves. Our criminal defense team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. We know how Tarrant County prosecutors build their cases, and we know how to dismantle them. Learn more out about Southlake criminal defense attorney team in this article. Varghese Summersett Southlake Office Our Southlake office is conveniently located just north of 114 and Dove Road: 3120 Sabre Dr Suite 110, Southlake, TX 76092 Varghese Summersett (Southlake) is located on the first floor of Kirkwood Oaks. What Makes Varghese Summersett Different All the partners at our firm are former Tarrant County prosecutors, and several also worked at the United States Attorney's Office. This experience gives us unique insight into how the prosecution will approach your case and how to effectively counter their strategies. We are the only firm in North Texas with four Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists. Board certification is the highest recognition of legal expertise awarded by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, requiring years of experience, peer review, and rigorous examination. Combined with six former state and federal prosecutors who have collectively tried over 500 jury trials and handled thousands more cases, our team offers a depth of experience few firms can match. Our goal extends far beyond keeping you out of jail or prison. We seek to avoid convictions entirely and prevent the collateral consequences that come with a criminal record, including job loss, professional license problems, immigration issues, and damage to your reputation. We accomplish this by out-preparing the State, holding prosecutors to their burden of proof, and proactively mitigating any damage caused by the alleged conduct. This approach has earned us recognition as Top Attorneys by Southlake Style, Fort Worth Magazine, and 360 West Magazine. A Proven Track Record in Tarrant County Results speak louder than promises. In one recent case in Southlake Municipal Court, we represented a client charged with possession of drug paraphernalia. Through strategic negotiation, we secured a 30-day nolle prosequi, meaning the case was dismissed with no conviction on our client's record. This outcome protected their reputation and their future. In another Tarrant County criminal case, we defended a client facing aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, a serious second-degree felony that carried the possibility of 2 to 20 years in prison. After thoroughly investigating the case and challenging the evidence, we secured a complete dismissal. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. If you've been arrested in Southlake, don't wait to speak with a lawyer. Call (817) 203-2220 for a... > Don't let a citation for Southlake possession of drug paraphernalia negatively impact your future. Call today to find out how to keep it off your record. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-01-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/southlake-criminal-defense-attorney/possession-of-drug-paraphernalia/ Possession of drug paraphernalia in Southlake is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500. While you cannot go to jail for this offense, paying the ticket results in a permanent conviction on your criminal record and an automatic six-month driver's license suspension if you are over 21. A Southlake drug paraphernalia lawyer can help you avoid these consequences and keep your record clean. At Varghese Summersett, we have helped hundreds of people resolve Class C drug paraphernalia citations in Tarrant County, including dismissals in Southlake Municipal Court. Our criminal defense team understands what is at stake for students, professionals, and anyone else who cannot afford a drug conviction on their record. What Is Drug Paraphernalia Under Texas Law? Under Section 481. 125 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, drug paraphernalia includes any item used to plant, grow, harvest, manufacture, process, prepare, test, store, contain, or conceal a controlled substance. It also covers items used to inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce drugs into the human body. The legal definition is intentionally broad. Items purchased from smoke shops obviously qualify, but so do common household items when associated with drug use. Examples of drug paraphernalia include: Pipes, bongs, and water pipes Rolling papers and roach clips Grinders Small plastic baggies Digital scales Syringes and needles Spoons with burn marks Why Should I Fight a Drug Paraphernalia Ticket? Your first instinct may be to just pay the fine and move on. This is a mistake. Paying a drug paraphernalia ticket has serious consequences that extend far beyond the initial $500 penalty. A conviction for possession of drug paraphernalia creates a permanent criminal record that shows up on background checks. Future employers, landlords, and professional licensing boards will see this drug-related conviction. For students, it can disqualify you from federal financial aid and scholarships, as the federal government often treats paraphernalia convictions the same as drug possession convictions. If you are 21 or older, paying the ticket triggers an automatic six-month suspension of your Texas driver's license under the Texas Transportation Code. Many people do not realize this until they receive the suspension notice from DPS. How Does a Drug Paraphernalia Charge Lead to a Search? Officers frequently issue drug paraphernalia citations after conducting a search during a traffic stop. If an officer suspects recent marijuana use based on odor, behavior, or visible evidence, this gives them probable cause to search your vehicle. During the search, finding any item that could be connected to drug use allows them to issue a paraphernalia citation. This can happen even when no actual drugs are found. You can also be charged with both possession of paraphernalia and possession of a controlled substance if drugs are discovered during the same search. What Are the Defenses for Drug Paraphernalia Charges? Several defense strategies can lead to a dismissal or favorable outcome for your Southlake drug paraphernalia case. Challenging possession. The prosecution must prove the paraphernalia was yours. If the item was found in... > Our Westlake divorce lawyers have decades of experience handles divorces in Tarrant and Denton Counties. Call 817-415-1575 for a consultation. - Published: 2024-03-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/westlake-divorce-lawyer/ Our Westlake divorce lawyer can help you end your marriage while protecting your financial interests, your children, and your future. Varghese Summersett's family law team serves Westlake residents from our nearby Southlake office at 3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110. Our attorneys have decades of combined experience handling divorce cases in both Tarrant and Denton County family courts. Divorce is rarely simple, especially in a community like Westlake where significant assets, business interests, and complex custody arrangements are common. The right attorney makes a meaningful difference in how your case unfolds and resolves. Which County Will Handle My Westlake Divorce? Most of Westlake falls within Tarrant County. However, portions of the town north of J. T. Ottinger Road and south of the State Highway 114 to 170 connection are located in Denton County. Where you pay property taxes will tell you which county has jurisdiction over your divorce. This distinction matters because your case will be filed and heard in the county where you reside. Tarrant County Family Court and Denton County divorce courts operate under the same Texas Family Code, but each has its own judges, procedures, and local rules. Our attorneys regularly practice in both jurisdictions and understand how to navigate each court system effectively. What Types of Family Law Cases Do You Handle? Our Westlake family lawyers handle the full range of divorce and family law matters. Whether your situation is straightforward or highly contested, we have the experience and resources to guide you through the process. Our practice areas include: Divorce (contested and uncontested) Collaborative divorce High net worth divorce Property division Business valuation and division Child custody and possession Child support Spousal maintenance (alimony) Prenuptial and postnuptial agreements Modifications and enforcement of court orders Grandparent rights Adoption Protective orders How Long Does a Divorce Take in Texas? Texas law requires a minimum 60-day waiting period from the date you file your Original Petition for Divorce until your divorce can be finalized. Under Texas Family Code Section 6. 702, this waiting period is mandatory for most cases. An uncontested divorce where both spouses agree on all terms can often be completed shortly after the 60-day mark. Contested divorces involving disputes over property division, child custody, or support can take six months to a year or longer. Cases involving significant assets, business interests, or complex custody issues may require additional time for discovery, appraisals, and negotiation. Considering divorce? Call (817) 203-2220 to schedule a free consultation with a Westlake divorce lawyer. What Should Westlake Residents Know About Property Division? Texas is a community property state, meaning assets acquired during marriage generally belong to both spouses equally. However, "equal" does not always mean a 50/50 split. Courts divide property in a manner they deem "just and right," considering factors like each spouse's earning capacity, fault in the breakup, and the needs of any children. In Westlake, where real estate values are high and many residents own businesses or hold executive positions, property division often involves substantial complexity. Common issues... - Published: 2024-03-25 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/key-articles/ Key Articles Skip to content Contents → Contents Key Articles Published: March 25, 2024 Updated: April 14, 2024 Author: Benson Varghese Reading Time: 5 min read About the Author Benson Varghese + Benson Varghese is the founder and managing partner of Varghese Summersett, where he has built a distinguished career championing the underdog in personal injury, wrongful death, and criminal defense cases. With over 100 jury trials in Texas state and federal courts, he brings exceptional courtroom experience and a proven record with Texas juries to every case. Under his leadership, Varghese Summersett has grown into a powerhouse firm with dedicated teams across three core practice areas: criminal defense, family law, and personal injury. Beyond his legal practice, Benson is recognized as a legal tech entrepreneur as the founder of Lawft and a thought leader in legal technology. Benson is also the author of Tapped In, the definitive guide to law firm growth that has become essential reading for attorneys looking to scale their practices. Benson serves as an adjunct faculty at Baylor Law School. Related Articles Suing Lyft or Uber for Sexual Assault is Harder (But Not Impossible) in Texas Suing Lyft or Uber for sexual assault in Texas is harder than in most other states. Texas law classifies rideshare… January 25, 2026 Is It Legal to Put a GPS Tracker on Someone Else’s Car in Texas? No. In most cases, it is not legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else’s car in Texas. Under… January 24, 2026 Icy Road Accidents | What to Watch Out For As Texas Freezes Winter weather crashes in Texas may represent a small percentage of total annual collisions, but they result in a disproportionately… January 23, 2026 Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | SITEMAP | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Dallas Varghese Summersett – Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Houston Varghese Summersett Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More EnglishEspañol Criminal Personal Injury Family Criminal Family Personal Injury > Natasha Walkup is the pre-litigation supervisor in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, offering decades of experience and helpful guidance for clients - Published: 2024-03-25 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/natasha-walkup/ Natasha Walkup Pre-Litigation Supervisor Natasha Walkup is the pre-litigation supervisor in Varghese Summersett's personal injury division. She oversees the progress of personal injury cases from inception to resolution, providing guidance and support to clients every step of the way. Natasha has decades of experience in personal injury law, having worked on both sides as an insurance claims adjuster and an advocate for injured individuals. This unique perspective allows her to anticipate and address potential challenges in the most complex cases. Natasha possesses exceptional analytical, interpersonal, and negotiation skills, which are critical in the field of personal injury law. Her deep understanding of insurance company tactics and extensive legal knowledge enable her to navigate the intricacies of injury claims with ease, ensuring that our clients receive the maximum compensation to which they are entitled. Her commitment to excellence and empathetic approach make her an invaluable asset to the Varghese Summersett team. Natasha is dedicated to achieving the best possible results for our clients and ensuring that they feel heard, respected, and supported throughout the entire process. Background Natasha was born in Midland, Texas, but her family moved to Virginia Beach when she was 8 years old. After graduating from Princess Anne High School, she worked for one of the largest vehicle insurance companies in the U. S. for 13 years - starting in the sales department and working her way up into claims. She and her family later moved back to Texas, where her background positioned her perfectly to transition into personal injury law. Using her knowledge of insurance company tactics to advocate for those who have been wrongfully injured, she has helped countless people through some of life's most difficult challenges. When she is not working, Natasha is usually in her vehicle, commuting to the law office or driving her teenage daughter to various sporting or social events. She also enjoys spending time with her adult son and parents, reading a good book, and binge-watching Netflix. Fun Fact: Natasha shares the same birthday as Eli Manning - January 3. > Savanna Wyse, an intake specialist at Varghese Summersett's personal injury division, offers compassionate support to those affected by negligence, guiding them through personal injury claims. - Published: 2024-03-25 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/savanna-wyse/ Savanna Wyse Intake Specialist Savanna Wyse is an intake specialist in Varghese Summersett's family law division. She is one of the first points of contact for potential clients who are facing divorce, child custody dispute or another emotionally-charged family law matter. This is, understandably, a difficult time for them, and Savanna provides compassionate support while explaining the process and whether Varghese Summersett is the right choice for their unique situation. Savanna is empathetic and patient, qualities that make her exceptionally well-suited for her role. She understands the emotional, physical, and financial toll family law matters can have on individuals and their loved ones, and she takes the time to listen to and understand each prospective client's unique situation. In addition to getting to know potential new clients, she also gathers necessary information during the initial intake to move forward if the case meets the criteria for representation. Savanna is a vital part of the family law team at Varghese Summersett, ensuring that clients receive the attention and support they need from the very beginning. Background Savanna grew up in Arlington and graduated from Pantego Christian Academy. She worked in the retail industry for many years before transitioning to the legal field, where she found her calling. Helping others is in her nature, and Savanna found a perfect fit in the personal injury division at Varghese Summersett. She is dedicated to making a positive impact in the lives of clients suffering through no fault of their own. When she is not helping people, you will find Savanna helping dogs. In her free time, she rescues and raises money for special needs dogs, especially senior and hospice dogs. Her mother operates a large non-profit dog sanctuary, Forgotten to Spoiled Rotten, and Savanna is equally passionate about the cause. > Here are some of the standouts from our video library and quick links to the Varghese Summersett podcasts. - Published: 2024-03-22 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/video-library/ Video Library What makes Varghese Summersett Different? Varghese Summersett is home to attorneys in three distinct practice areas: family law, criminal law, and personal injury. The reputation and results delivered by the attorneys in each division are top-of-class and we showcase just that in our video library. We recruit the very best and are serious about providing unparalleled outcomes. Our family lawyers have handled everything from high-profile and high-asset divorces to family matters that are intentionally kept off the radar. Our criminal lawyers have handled everything from driving while intoxicated charges to the most serious felony offenses for individuals ranging from politicians to celebrities. Our personal injury lawyers have recovered millions for our clients. In every regard, our firm has built a reputation of success one case at a time. Our firm is built on the willingness to go to trial and the records we have built in the courtroom. Our success at trial and in the courtroom is hard to find equal in the state. Varghese Summersertt Team Videos Varghese Summersett Family Law Team Video Varghese Summersett Personal Injury Team Videos Varghese Summersett Criminal Defense Team Video Criminal Law Playlist Family Law Playlist Personal Injury Playlist The Second Shot Podcast with Benson Varghese The Breakdown with Benson Varghese Podcast Take it Down with Ty Stimpson Podcast We recognized that by leveraging platforms like YouTube, we could extend our reach and provide valuable insights, advice, and support to a wider audience. Our YouTube channel has become a rich repository of information, covering everything from the nuances of criminal defense to the complexities of family law and the intricacies of personal injury cases. Criminal Defense: Understanding Your Rights Criminal defense has always been a cornerstone of our practice. We believe in the fundamental right to a fair trial and the importance of a robust defense. Our videos, such as “Varghese Summersett: Your Only Choice in Criminal Defense” and “Meet Our Fort Worth Criminal Defense Attorneys Varghese Summersett,” aim to demystify the criminal justice process and empower individuals with knowledge and understanding. Navigating the Waters of Personal Injury Law Personal injury cases can be overwhelming and fraught with emotional and physical pain. Through videos like “Know Your Worth, Don’t Settle for Less: Varghese Summersett Injury Law” and “What Should You Do If You’re Involved in an 18-Wheeler Accident? ”, we strive to offer clarity and hope, guiding individuals through their recovery journey and the legal process. Family Law: Guidance Through Personal Transitions Family law matters are deeply personal, often marking significant transitions in our clients’ lives. Our Family Law Group has produced content such as “Family Lawyer Explains How Quickly You Can Get a Divorce” and “Meet THE Team: Varghese Summersett Family Law Group,” providing invaluable advice and insights into navigating these challenging times with dignity and respect. > Injured in a rear-end crash in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth rear-end collision lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-22 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rear-end-collisions/ Fort Worth Rear-End Collision Lawyer The most common type of car wreck is a rear-end collision. There are about 1. 7 million rear-end collisions a year in the U. S. , accounting for about 1,700 deaths and 500,000 injuries. Those staggering statistics by the Washington Post illustrate the immense impact that rear-end crashes have in this country, as well as the Lone Star state. These numbers represent not just the physical and psychological pain endured by victims, but also the tremendous financial and emotional burden placed on victims and their loved ones. A rear-end crash can drastically change the course of your life. If you or a loved one has been injured in a rear-end collision in North Texas, it’s important to contact a Fort Worth rear-end collision lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. We can help. The team at Varghese Summmersett Injury Law Group has devoted their lives to helping people who have been injured through no fault of their own. We understand how difficult life can be after an accident, and we are here to provide the legal guidance you need. Our Fort Worth rear-end collision lawyers will work tirelessly on your behalf so that you can focus on healing and getting your life back on track. We have extensive experience in rear-end collision cases and will fight for the compensation you deserve. You don’t have to go through this alone – let us help make sure justice is served. Common Causes of Rear-End Collisions in Fort Worth Rear-end crashes occur when one vehicle crashes into the back of another vehicle, often due to the driver not maintaining a safe distance, speeding, or being distracted. The most common causes of rear-end collisions in Fort Worth and Texas are the same nationwide. They include: Distracted driving Drivers who are texting, talking on the phone, eating, or engaging in other activities that take their attention away from the road are more likely to cause rear-end collisions. Tailgating Following too closely behind another vehicle reduces the time and distance available for a driver to react and avoid a collision, particularly when traffic conditions change suddenly. Sudden stops If a driver brakes suddenly, the vehicle behind may not have enough time to react and avoid a collision. This can be caused by road hazards, traffic congestion, or the lead vehicle’s driver reacting to a situation ahead. Poor weather conditions Rain, fog, ice, and snow can reduce visibility and increase stopping distances, making rear-end collisions more likely. Impaired driving Drivers under the influence of alcohol or drugs have reduced reaction times and impaired judgment, which can increase the likelihood of a rear-end collision. Speeding Driving at excessive speeds reduces the time available for a driver to react to changing traffic conditions, increasing the risk of rear-end collisions. Mechanical issues Brake failures, worn-out tires, or other mechanical problems can cause a driver to be unable to stop in... > Andrew Goode is the multimedia director at Varghese Summersett, where he is responsible for all video, audio, and production projects. - Published: 2024-03-22 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/andrew-goode/ Multimedia Director Andrew Goode is the multimedia director at Varghese Summersett, where he is responsible for all video, audio, and production projects. He works directly with our attorneys and staff to create unique and compelling content that is featured on various platforms, including the firm’s YouTube channels, social media networks, and websites. Andrew has a passion for video production and has been honing his skills in this field for more than a decade. He has a keen eye for detail, a talent for capturing emotions, and the patience to work through even the most challenging projects. Whether it’s a video about the law, a client review, or a series of attorney stories, Andrew brings a high level of creativity, professionalism, and enthusiasm to everything he does. Background Andrew Goode was born and raised in Arlington. He attended Frontier High School at the Ben Barber Career and Technology Academy in Mansfield. He graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington with a degree in University Studies with a focus on video production. When he’s not behind the camera or in the editing bay, Andrew enjoys making music and spending time with his wife and son, and their German Shepherd, Bella, and three cats, Jinx, Nyx, and Sushi. > An amputation injury is one of the most devastating types of injuries. It is hard for anyone other than the victim to understand the impact this has on their life. - Published: 2024-03-22 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/amputation-injuries/ Amputation Injury Lawyer An amputation injury is one of the most devastating types of injuries. It is hard for anyone other than the victim to understand the impact this has on their life. This guide details the steps in an amputation lawsuit, offering insights on overcoming the complexity of the legal system and highlighting the ways the legal process can help with your recovery and holding individuals and corporations responsible. Understanding Amputation Injuries and Their Causes Depending on the circumstances of the fire that caused the burns, any number of people or entities might be responsible: First things first, what is an amputation? Amputation refers to the removal of a body part or extremity. Amputations can vary in their severity. Some may involve partial amputations, severing at least half the diameter of an extremity, while others may require the removal of entire limbs or parts thereof, such as a leg amputation, which can be an above the knee amputation or a below the knee amputation, affecting rehabilitation and prosthetic management. Amputation injuries, whether partial or complete, can occur due to a mishap or a medical condition. A high-speed car crash or a severe workplace accident could cause a traumatic amputation. Alternatively, medical conditions such as severe infections or complications from chronic diseases like diabetes could necessitate surgical amputations. In essence, the causes of amputation injuries are vast and varied, making each case unique and complex. Side Effects of Amputation Injuries While losing a limb is indeed a physical ordeal, the repercussions extend well beyond the physical realm, causing physical and emotional pain. Amputees often experience: Stump pain caused by nerve damage during surgery or the development of thickened nerve tissue Phantom limb sensations - a surreal phenomenon where amputees feel sensations seemingly coming from the amputated limb Phantom limb pain, which occurs when these sensations turn painful Then there’s the psychological impact of amputation, which can be profound. Emotional responses to such a life-altering event can range from: Depression and Anxiety Denial and Grief Anger and Frustration Fear and Uncertainty In some cases, amputees may even suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychological impact often spills over into the social domain, affecting relationships and social interactions. The repercussions don’t stop there. On the professional front, returning to work can be a challenge. Despite approximately 66% of individuals managing to return to work following a limb amputation, the return to work rate varies widely, depending on factors such as the level of amputation and other health conditions. Many amputees need to adjust their career paths post-amputation, often requiring jobs that are less physically demanding and accommodate new physical limitations. What are Burn Injuries? Just how common are amputation injuries? You might be surprised to learn that the global incidence and prevalence of traumatic amputation have increased significantly over the past three decades. In the United States alone, there are nearly 2 million people living with limb loss. This means that every two minutes, an amputation occurs in the U. S.... > The Texas legislature passed a child grooming law to combat sexual explotation and trafficking of children. Learn about Penal Code 15.032. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2025-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/child-grooming-in-texas/ Child Grooming | Texas Penal Code Section 15. 032 In September 2023, the Texas legislature passed a child grooming law in an effort to protect minors from sexual abuse and exploitation before it happens. This law is aimed at preventing adults from developing connections with children for the purpose of gaining their trust and then sexually abusing or trafficking them. https://youtu. be/17pAyf2M4wk Under this new law, individuals found guilty of grooming a child under the age of 18 could face up to 10 years in prison. In this article, we explain the new child sex crime law, possible penalties, potential problems – and the importance of securing a highly experienced criminal defense lawyer if you or a loved one is facing a charge of child grooming in Texas. Child Grooming What is Child Grooming Under Texas Law? Child grooming, as outlined in Texas Penal Code Section 15. 032, is a serious crime designed to protect children from adults who attempt to exploit them sexually. This law focuses on the preparatory stages, meaning it addresses actions taken before any actual sexual offense occurs. It's a felony, with penalties that can range from a third-degree felony (up to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine) to a second-degree felony (up to 20 years and a higher fine) if the person has prior convictions for certain sexual offenses involving children. "Child grooming" refers to the process by which an adult establishes a trustful relationship with a child, and sometimes with the child's family, with the intention of later engaging in sexual abuse, exploitation, or trafficking. This process often involves a series of manipulative behaviors that may include: Building Trust and Rapport: The abuser may initially present themselves as a friendly, harmless individual to gain the child's trust. This can involve showing special attention, understanding, and sympathy towards the child. Testing Boundaries: Gradually test and push the boundaries of appropriate behavior, often starting with seemingly innocent touches and escalating to more overtly sexual behavior. Isolation: Efforts to isolate the child from friends, family, or peers, thereby making the child more dependent on the abuser for companionship and attention. Secrecy: Encouraging the child to keep their relationship secret, often under the guise of it being a special bond that others wouldn't understand. Material or Emotional Bribery: Offering the child gifts, treats, or privileges. This can also include fulfilling the child's needs or desires and making the child feel indebted or special. Filling a Needed Role: The abuser might position themselves as a mentor, benefactor, or protector, especially in situations where the child lacks these figures in their life. Desensitization to Touch and Sexual Topics: Gradually introducing sexual content or physical contact in a way that seems normal or accidental, reducing the child's inhibitions and normalizing inappropriate behavior. Creating Dependency: Making the child feel that they need the abuser, whether emotionally or materially, thus creating a sense of dependency. Threats and Manipulation: As the abusive relationship develops, the abuser may use threats, guilt, or manipulation... > Accused of stealing a car in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consulation with a Fort Worth auto theft lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2026-02-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-auto-theft/ Fort Worth Auto Theft Lawyer | Car Theft Defense Motor vehicle theft is on the rise in Fort Worth, where the number of stolen cars has increased by 33. 7 percent from the same period last year. According to Fort Worth Police Department’s 2023 2nd Quarter Crime Report, there were 1052 motor vehicle thefts from April to June, compared to 766 during the same three months in 2022. Whenever there is an increase in a specific crime, law enforcement will intensify their efforts to address and combat the problem. Prosecutors often follow suit by trying to make an example out of defendants in an effort to deter others from committing the same crime. That’s why it’s extremely important if you or a loved one has been arrested for a Fort Worth auto theft to contact an experienced vehicle theft attorney. At Varghese Summersett, we have vast experience defending vehicle theft cases in the Fort Worth-North Texas region. Fort Worth Auto Theft Attorney In this article, we explain the law, potential penalties, defense strategies, and the significance of securing a top-tier criminal defense lawyer if you or a loved one is facing Fort Worth auto theft charges. Understanding Texas Vehicle Theft Laws In Texas, there is not a specific statute that specifically addresses auto theft. Instead, the offense is covered under the general theft statute in Section 31. 03 of the Texas Penal Code. Under this statute, a person commits theft – including Fort Worth auto theft – if he or she unlawfully appropriates property with the intent to deprive the owner of the property. Property is unlawfully appropriated if it is: taken without the actual owner’s explicit consent; stolen property and the actor knows it’s stolen but takes it anyway; or stolen property in the custody of law enforcement and the actor takes it knowing it was stolen by another. In layman’s terms, if you take something that isn’t yours with no intention of giving it back – including a motor vehicle – you are committing theft in Texas. Penalties for Vehicle Theft in Texas The punishment for vehicle theft in Texas depends on the value of the stolen car. For example, if the car is worth $50,000, it is a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine. Here’s a breakdown of the possible consequences based on theft value: Stolen Amount Offense Classification Penalty Less than $100 Class C misdemeanor Fine up to $500 $100 to $749 Class B misdemeanor Up to 180 days in jail & $2,000 fine $750 to $2,499 Class A misdemeanor Up to 1 year in jail & $4,000 fine $2,500 to $29,999 State jail felony 180 days to 2 years in jail & $10,000 fine $30,000 to $149,999 Third-degree felony 2 to 10 years in prison & $10,000 fine $150,000 to $299,999 Second-degree felony 2 to 20 years in prison & $10,000 fine $300,000 or more First-degree felony 5 to 99 years in prison & $10,000 fine In... > Pathways to HOPE (Helping Offenders Pursue Excellence) is a Tarrant County program that helps inmates successfully reintegrate into society upon release from jail. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/pathways-to-hope/ Pathways To HOPE: Reentry Program For Life After Jail When Tarrant County inmates are locked up, finding something positive in a negative situation is often difficult. But there is hope for those who want to better themselves while behind bars and come out stronger on the other side. The Tarrant County Sheriff’s Office, in partnership with the non-profit One CommunityUSA, offers a program called Pathways to HOPE (Helping Offenders Pursue Excellence) to help inmates successfully reintegrate into society upon release from jail. The primary goal is to help inmates learn new skills and find housing and jobs after incarceration so they don’t return to old habits and end up back in custody. In this article, we give an overview of the program, including how it started, the criteria, and the expected results. This video by WFAA Channel 8 provides an excellent overview of the Pathways to H. O. P. E. program. The Mission: Pathways to H. O. P. E. Tarrant County’s Pathways to H. O. P. E. Reentry, Diversion, Restorative Justice, and Mentoring Program was founded in 2021 but didn’t start in the jail until 2022 due to COVID-19. The program is a collaboration between the Tarrant County Sheriff’s Office, which runs the jail, and One CommunityUSA, a non-profit dedicated to transforming lives by addressing reentry, diversion, and restorative justice for veterans and civil offenders. The program aims to help offenders reenter society after incarceration and become productive, law-abiding citizens and leaders at work, home, and communities. It uses a long-term approach – both inside and outside jail walls – to address personal improvement, mental health readiness, and long-term career development. The director of the program is Tomas “Tom” Cruz, a retired first sergeant of the U. S. Army who shares his own life struggles, including a suicide attempt, to help motivate and inspire the participants to be the best they can be. The Challenge According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, more than 650,000 inmates are released from prison and rejoin society every year. Unfortunately, about two-thirds of ex-offenders will be rearrested within three years of their release. With no job, no money, and no place to live, they often find themselves facing the same pressures and temptations that led to their incarceration in the first place. Officials with Pathways to H. O. P. E. are dedicated to using all the tools at their disposal to break the cycle of crime and reduce recidivism. They believe equipping and empowering incarcerated individuals to reenter society successfully is morally imperative and critical to reducing crime and making communities safer. Program Structure The Pathways approach to successful reintegration includes A=getting a job, B=getting a better job, and C=staring a career. The program begins while the inmate is in jail, where they complete a 40-hour class (22 lessons) on job training and life skills. They also receive education, mentoring, and mental health resources during this time to prepare them for life after incarceration. Upon release, the Pathways program assigns them a volunteer mentor... > Our Varghese Summersett Fort Worth traffic light accident lawyer will help you sort through the legal process and fight for your deserved compensation. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/traffic-light-accident-lawyer/ Red and Yellow Traffic Light Accident Lawyer Traffic light accidents are all too common and often cause severe injuries and death. The Texas Department of Transportation reported more than 1,000 fatalities from car accidents in or related to intersections in 2021. These are primarily preventable deaths, often caused by careless, distracted, or drunk drivers. If you have been injured in an intersection accident in Texas, contact our car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett as soon as possible. This article discusses red and yellow light accidents, their legal consequences, and how we can help. Lighting Sequence in Traffic Light Accidents A lighting sequence refers to the order and duration of the different colored lights (red, yellow, and green) displayed by a traffic signal at an intersection. These sequences are designed to control the flow of traffic and ensure the safety of drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists. Signal Timing Issues Improper timing of traffic signals can lead to confusion and accidents. If the duration of green, yellow, or red lights is too short, drivers may not have enough time to react, leading to collisions. Malfunctioning Traffic Signals Faulty traffic signals that display incorrect lighting sequences or fail to display any lights at all can cause serious accidents, as drivers may not receive the necessary guidance to safely navigate the intersection. Driver Error Drivers who misinterpret traffic signals, run red lights, or speed up to beat a yellow light can cause accidents. Distracted driving, impaired driving, and aggressive driving can also contribute to traffic light accidents. Poor Visibility Reduced visibility due to weather conditions, glare, or obstructed traffic signals can make it difficult for drivers to accurately perceive and respond to lighting sequences, increasing the risk of accidents. Obtaining Lighting Sequence Information from a City To obtain information about the lighting sequence of a specific traffic signal, you can follow these steps: Contact the Appropriate City Department: Reach out to the city’s traffic engineering or transportation department, as they are typically responsible for managing traffic signals. You can find their contact information on the city’s official website or by calling the city’s main phone number. Submit a Request: When you contact the department, explain that you are seeking information about the lighting sequence of a particular traffic signal. Provide the exact location of the intersection in question, and specify the details you need, such as the timing of each light in the sequence. Follow the City’s Procedure: Some cities may have a formal process for requesting this information, such as submitting a written request or completing an online form. Be sure to follow the city’s specific procedure to ensure your request is processed correctly. Public Records Request: If the city does not readily provide the information you seek, you may need to submit a public records request under the relevant state’s public records law. This typically involves filling out a form and specifying the documents or information you are requesting. Note that some jurisdictions may charge a fee for processing public records requests. Investigating... > Texas has a new child support enforcement law that allows judges to order parents to find a job or enroll in a community employment program. Learn more. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-support-enforcement/ Texas Child Support Enforcement Law: Judge Says Get a Job! Paying child support is a legal obligation, but some parents will go to great lengths to avoid putting more money in their ex’s pocket. This includes intentionally staying unemployed or taking low-wage jobs to reduce their child support payments. But that tactic won’t work in Texas – or at least not anymore. On September 1, 2023, a new law – specifically Senate Bill 870 – went into effect, giving judges the power to order parents behind on child support payments to actively seek employment or enroll in a community employment program to help them find a suitable job – whether they want to or not. Being behind on child support can even effect your ability to register your vehicle in Texas. In this article, we discuss the Texas new child support enforcement law, which makes sweeping reforms to the Texas Family Code and addresses various aspects of child support enforcement and modification. But first, let’s look at examples of unemployment and underemployment regarding child support. Examples of Intentional Unemployment or Underemployment Some parents are very open about their schemes to avoid paying child support. They will quit high-paying jobs, work part-time or for cash only, or simply refuse to find a job – all in an effort to lower their child support payments. Here’s a look at some examples of intentional unemployment or underemployment. Unemployment Example: A parent who was previously employed in a well-paying position becomes “unemployed” by resigning and then claims inability to find new employment, despite not actively seeking job opportunities, in an effort to avoid child support responsibilities. Underemployment Example: A skilled professional with a high earning capacity chooses to work only in part-time or temporary positions that pay significantly less than what they are qualified to earn, thus lowering their apparent income to reduce child support payments. Unemployment Example: A parent avoids formal employment, choosing instead to rely on sporadic cash jobs that are not reported as income. This lack of formal employment record is then used as a basis to claim inability to pay child support. Underemployment Example: A parent with a degree and experience in a high-paying field deliberately switches to a career or industry known for lower wages, citing personal reasons, but with the underlying motive of reducing their child support payments. Unemployment Example: A parent who has been laid off uses this as an opportunity to claim prolonged unemployment, even when viable job offers are available, in order to claim an inability to pay child support. Underemployment Example: A parent intentionally fails to pursue promotions or advancement opportunities in their career, maintaining a lower income level than they are capable of earning, to minimize child support payments. Self-Employed Underemployment Example: A self-employed parent defers or refuses contracts or business opportunities that would significantly increase their income, thereby reporting lower earnings and reducing their child support obligations. Under the new law, if a parent believes that their ex is intentionally engaging in... > There are numerous types of family court hearings, all of which serve different purposes. Here's an overview of the most common family court hearings in Texas. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2025-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/family-court-hearings-in-texas/ Common Family Court Hearings in Texas: Know Before You Go Going to court can be nerve-wracking for anyone, especially when it involves personal family matters. The very thought of sharing details of your private life in a public courtroom can be intimidating and overwhelming. But the reality is that going to court is often necessary to resolve disputes and protect the interests of the parties involved. In Texas, there are numerous types of family court hearings, all of which serve different purposes. In this article, the family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group break down some of the most common family court hearings in Texas, what to expect during these proceedings, and tips on how to prepare. Temporary Orders Hearing A Temporary Orders Hearing is one of the most common family court hearings in Texas, especially when immediate decisions regarding children, property, or finances need to be made. This hearing typically occurs in the early stages of a divorce or child custody case and establishes temporary arrangements until the case can be resolved. For example, a judge may decide who gets to live in the marital residence while a divorce is pending, who will have temporary primary conservatorship of the children, and who will be paying child support and how much. During a temporary orders hearing, both parties will have the opportunity to present evidence and make arguments to the judge. The decisions made in this hearing are not final and can be modified later. However, it’s important to be well-prepared for this hearing, as temporary orders can significantly impact family dynamics during the legal process and set precedents that will influence the provisions of a final decree or order. Evidence and arguments presented during this hearing can also set the tone for the rest of the case. Status Conference Status Conferences are less formal hearings designed to keep a family court case moving efficiently. During a status conference, the judge may review the case’s progress, set deadlines for exchanging information (formally known as the discovery process), and discuss any issues that could be resolved without a formal hearing. This is an opportunity for both sides to update the court on any developments and ensure that both sides adhere to the procedural requirements of the case. In many family law cases, clients are not required to attend status conferences, but it typically depends on the judge to which your case is assigned. More often than not, a status conference is a court setting that your attorney can handle on your behalf. If your attendance is required, your attorney will let you know. Pretrial Hearing Pretrial Hearings, also referred to as Pre-trial Conferences, are the formal process by which a case is assigned a final trial date. Depending on the court, these conferences occur either with the judge or the court coordinator. Some judges also require clients to be present. If your attendance is required, your attorney will let you know. In addition to setting the final trial date,... > Assault family violence Texas can range from a Class C misdemeanor to serious felony offenses. Learn more about possible defenses. - Published: 2024-03-19 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-family-violence-texas/ Assault Family Violence Texas | Domestic Violence If you or a loved one has been charged with assault family violence in Texas, you may be trying to figure out exactly what the term means. Assault family violence Texas encompasses any intentional harm or threat toward a family member, which itself is a broadly defined term. The charge carries significant social stigma and punishments ranging from misdemeanors to felonies. Knowing your rights, potential penalties, and defense strategies is essential in this circumstance. This article written by our assault defense lawyer offers a comprehensive guide to the critical aspects of assault family violence in Texas. Assault Family Violence Texas Defined In Texas, assault family violence is an intentional or reckless act causing injury or threatening to cause injury to a person considered a ‘family member. ’ The law expands this offense to include behavior that qualifies as ‘family violence,’ making it an offense to engage in such behavior. The term ‘assault’ is broad, defined in Penal Code Section 22. 01 as: intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another the threat of imminent bodily injury causing physical contact that the person knows or should reasonably believe the other will regard as offensive or provocative. Family violence, according to Texas law, is an act committed by a family or household member against another, intending to cause: physical harm bodily injury assault sexual assault creating a threat that reasonably instills fear of imminent physical harm Grasping these definitions provides a foundation for unraveling the complexities of assault family violence in Texas. The Definition Of “Family” Under Texas Law ‘Family,’ as defined by Texas law, includes individuals connected by ‘consanguinity,’ covering blood relations or affinity, which includes individuals related not only by blood but also by affections, such as a person’s spouse. ‘Consanguinity’ pertains to blood relations, while ‘affinity’ encompasses relationships established through marriage or other non-blood connections, such as a person’s spouse. The law also recognizes dating relationships as part of the family definition. A dating relationship in this context refers to individuals who are or have been involved in a romantic or intimate relationship. This involves a continuing connection of a romantic or intimate nature. . The wide-ranging definition of ‘family’ under Texas law encompasses a variety of relationships in assault family violence cases. Types Of Conduct That Constitute Family Violence Several forms of conduct can be considered family violence under Texas law. Physical assault, threats, and continuous violence are the various types of conduct that can be considered family violence under Texas law. Continuous family violence is a pattern of abuse directed towards a family or household member, recognized as a distinct form of behavior under Texas law. Physical assault, in the context of family violence, is defined as the intentional and knowing act of violence against a family member, household member, or a current or past dating partner. Grasping these diverse forms of conduct aids in pinpointing and addressing family violence occurrences. Severity of Family Violence in Texas: Misdemeanor to... > Emrey Mullins is the Engagement Lead at Varghese Summersett, where she is responsible for the firm's sponsorships, scholarships and memberships. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/emrey-mullins/ Emrey Mullins Engagement Lead Emrey Mullins is the Engagement Lead at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a pivotal role in fostering relationships and expanding the firm’s presence within the community. With a focus on sponsorships, scholarships, and memberships, she ensures that the firm actively supports and engages with key organizations and initiatives. Her commitment to building meaningful partnerships has resulted in long-lasting connections that benefit both the firm and the broader legal and civic communities. Emrey is highly efficient with strong organizational skills, exceptional communication abilities, and sharp attention to detail. She is adept at multitasking and prioritizing tasks in a fast-paced environment, ensuring smooth operations in all aspects of the firm’s partnerships, from managing sponsorships and events to coordinating the firm's numerous scholarship programs and professional memberships. Background Emrey was born in Bedford, Texas, but moved to League City near Houston when she was 7 years old. After graduating from Clear Falls High School, she went on to Texas Tech University, where she received a Bachelor of Science Degree with a Minor in Chemistry. After graduating, Emrey moved back to North Texas, where she recently obtained a Masters Degree in Business Administration. When she is not working or studying, Emrey loves to play tennis and pickleball and hang out with her minature goldendoodle, Moose. Fun Fact: Emrey is musically inclined and loves to play piano and guitar. > Leah Pfeil is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/leah-pfeil/ Leah Pfeil Client Relations Specialist Leah Pfeil is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett, where she plays a vital role in establishing and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients. The criminal justice process can be a daunting and emotionally exhausting journey. Leah ensures that our clients feel supported, informed, and valued every step of the way. Leah is on the front lines of the firm, meaning she is often the first point of contact for clients or potential clients. Not only is she highly organized and detail-oriented, but she is also extremely compassionate. She is known for going above and beyond to get an answer or troubleshoot an issue, always putting the needs and concerns of our clients first. In addition to providing exceptional client communications, Leah also assists attorneys with case management, document preparation, and scheduling. A certified paralegal, she is well-versed in the criminal justice system and works proactively with the legal team to address any issues or challenges. Background Leah grew up in North Texas, where she graduated high school from Lake Country Christian School. Her mother is an attorney and her father is a bondsman, so it was only fitting that she would end up helping people in the legal arena. In her free time, Leah enjoys reading, camping, and spending time with her newlywed husband and her sister, who is 10 years younger and self-described “best friend. ” Fun Fact: Leah loves to color by number, especially florals. She also started baking breads and pies during COVID and is currently perfecting sourdough ciabatta and pumpkin pie. > Allison Martin is a paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she works alongside Senior Counsel Nicole Carroll. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/allison-martin/ Allison Martin Paralegal Allison Martin is a paralegal at Varghese Summersett in the Family Law Division, where she provides exceptional legal support and guidance to clients going through divorce, custody disputes, and other complex family law matters. In addition to drafting legal documents, conducting research, and assisting with case management, Allison is a compassionate advocate for clients dealing with difficult family situations. She understands this can be a stressful and emotional process, and she is dedicated to helping them through a challenging time. Her commitment to excellence and empathetic approach make her an invaluable member of our Southlake team. Background Allison was born in Wisconsin but spent her childhood in Aledo, Texas, and her teenage years in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. After high school, she returned to Texas and later attended Sam Houston State University. After earning a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration, she began working in the legal field. She started in personal injury but quickly found her passion for family law. In her free time, she enjoys reading, gaming with her husband, and spending time with her family. Fun Fact: Allison’s husband is a big fan of Star Wars, so they have two cats named “Kylo” and “Anakin” after central characters Kylo Ren and Anakin Skywalker. They also have a dog, but he’s just named “Bud. ” > Lamour Kongaika is a senior paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she works with partner Wade L. Griffin, Jr. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/lamour-kongaika/ Lamour Kongaika Senior Paralegal Lamour Kongaika is a senior paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she works with partner Wade L. Griffin, Jr. She assists with document drafting, legal research, case management, and trial preparation, among numerous other duties. Lamour has been working alongside Griffin for the better part of two decades, making them a formidable team with a wealth of knowledge and experience. Lamour understands the sensitive nature of family law matters, including divorce, custody disputes, and high-asset division. She works diligently to provide personalized attention and support to each client, ensuring they are well-informed and understood during challenging times. She is known for her exceptional organizational skills, attention to detail, and ability to handle complex cases with ease. She is an invaluable asset to the firm and essential to its success. Background The daughter of Tongan immigrants, Lamour and her four siblings spent their early childhood in Hawaii before the family moved to North Texas. She grew up in Euless, where she graduated from Trinity High School. Lamour earned a bachelor’s degree in merchandise and marketing from Texas Women’s University and later obtained her paralegal certification. After college, she worked as a paralegal in the Child Support Division of the Texas Attorney General’s Office, where Griffin was a managing attorney. When Griffin moved on to private practice and later opened his own firm, he asked Lamour to join him. She has served as his lead paralegal ever since. In her free time, Lamour enjoys spending time with her two children and watching Korean dramas on Netflix. Fun Fact: Lamour’s parents had two sets of twins: Lamour and her sister are fraternal twins, while her two older brothers are identical twins. (She also has an older sister who is not a twin. ) > Amanda Delagrange is a senior paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she works alongside attorneys Kristen Carr and Hailey Klingbeil. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/amanda-delagrange/ Amanda Delagrange Senior Paralegal Amanda Delagrange is a senior paralegal in the Family Division at Varghese Summersett, where she works alongside attorneys Kristen Carr and Hailey Klingbeil. She assists with a variety of tasks, including document drafting, case management, trial preparation, and client communication. With more than 13 years in the legal field, Amanda understands the importance of providing exceptional service to attorneys and clients. She is highly organized, detail-oriented, and possesses strong interpersonal skills that enable her to navigate the sensitive nature of family law with compassion and professionalism. Amanda is dedicated to helping individuals and families navigate challenging times and emerge better than before. She is a valuable asset to the team and plays an integral role in the firm’s success. Background Amanda was born and raised in Phoenix, AZ, where she began working with a law firm shortly after graduating high school. In 2014, she and her husband moved to North Texas to be closer to family, and she continued her paralegal career in the Lone Star State. When she is not diving into legal documents, you will probably find Amanda at one of her children’s sporting events – she has three boys. She also loves to host parties and get-togethers, bringing people together to create lasting memories. Fun Facts: Amanda loves cruises, has a hilarious voicemail greeting on her phone, and tries to be in bed by 8 p. m. every night. > Carmen Griffith is a Client Relations Specialist at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she's responsible for client communications and case management. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/carmen-griffith/ Carmen Griffith Client Relations Specialist Carmen Griffith is a Client Relations Specialist in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, responsible for client communications and case management. She is dedicated to building and maintaining trusted relationships with our clients, providing them with clear and consistent communication during what is often a difficult time in their lives. Carmen possesses exceptional organizational, interpersonal, and problem-solving skills and has a passion for helping others. She is generous with her time and energy and is committed to making life easier for our clients. In addition to spearheading client communications, Carmen also assists with administrative issues and billing. Her passion for the law, strong work ethic, and positivity make her an invaluable asset to our team. Background Carmen was born and raised in Houston but moved to North Texas after high school to attend Texas Women’s University in Denton. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in English, she worked as a legal assistant in the family law arena for many years. She took some time off to raise her two children, rejoined the legal field in 2016, and has worked in family law ever since. Outside of work, Carmen enjoys spending time with her husband and children – all of whom compete in “cup stacking” or “speed stacking,” a competitive sport that involves stacking plastic cups in specific sequences as quickly as possible. She also loves taking long walks every morning with her two large dogs. Fun Fact: Carmen’s son, Trey Griffith, is one of the fastest cup stackers in Texas. Trey and his father are on Team USA, but in different age divisions. The family travels around the world, competing in cup-stacking competitions. Check out this YouTube video featuring Trey. https://youtu. be/_P4je1jnFEo > Morgan Hackwell is a paralegal at the Fort Worth Divorce and Family Law Firm of Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - Published: 2024-03-18 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/morgan-hackwell/ Morgan Hackwell Paralegal Morgan Hackwell is an experienced paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she is dedicated to providing exceptional legal service to our clients and attorneys. She is detail-oriented with excellent communication, time management, and organizational skills – attributes that make her perfectly suited for a high-demand law firm. Morgan is well-versed in various aspects of family law, including divorce, custody disputes, child support, and adoption. She assists attorneys with document drafting, trial preparation, client communications, and calendar management. She efficiently navigates the complexities of the legal system, helping attorneys deliver exceptional results to even the most challenging cases. Background Morgan grew up on a small farm in Lenox, Iowa, where her family raised horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep. She and her three older sisters worked the farm from sunup to sundown and, on weekends, could often be found showing their animals or barrel racing at fairs and rodeos. About a year after high school graduation, Morgan moved to North Texas. She obtained a certification in paralegal studies and has been working ever since in the legal field, specifically family law. In her free time, Morgan enjoys riding horses, camping, and spending time with her husband and two children. Fun Fact: Morgan has always loved to bake cookies. She memorized her first chocolate cookie recipe when she was only eight years old. > Facing probation revocation in Collin County or the surrounding areas. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County probation violation lawyer. - Published: 2024-03-04 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/probation-violation/ Collin County Probation Violation Lawyer If you were put on probation or deferred adjudication probation in Collin County, you were given certain rules that you must follow. So what happens if you violate one – or more than one. Will you go to jail? The simple answer is, maybe. The punishment for violating probation depends on a number of factors, including the severity of the violation, your prior criminal history, and whether you have had past infractions. Collin County Probation Violation Lawyer Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper and Surrounding Areas If you are facing probation revocation, the most important thing you can do is contact an experienced Collin County probation violation lawyer. An attorney will review the circumstances of the violation and work to minimize the consequences and, hopefully, keep you out of jail or prison. In this blog post, our team of experienced criminal defense attorneys will discuss the most common probation violations, potential punishments, and why you shouldn’t try and handle this without a skilled attorney. What is a Collin County probation violation? When defendants are placed on community supervision—either straight probation or deferred adjudication—they are required to follow certain rules, which are called the conditions of probation. Standard conditions of probation apply to all defendants on probation, as well as special conditions that may be imposed on an individual basis. If a probationer violates the conditions of probation—and their probation officer finds out—they will face punishment. How harsh the punishment will be depends on various factors, including the severity of the violation and whether the probationer has had repeated past violations. What are common probation violations in Collin County? There are many ways you can violate the terms of your probation. Some of the most common include: Failing to report to your probation officer as required Failing to pay fines or court costs Failing a drug test Using alcohol Getting arrested for a new crime Associating with known criminals Possessing a weapon Leaving the state without permission Skipping counseling sessions or treatment What can happen if you violate a probation condition in Collin County? The punishment for violating probation in Collin County will depend on the severity of the violation and how well you have done on probation so far. Your probation officer could give you a warning, ask the judge for sanctions, or file a motion with the court asking the judge to revoke or adjudicate your probation. The latter will put your freedom in jeopardy. For example, being late to a meeting with your probation officer due to car trouble might result in a warning. Failing an alcohol test could lead to a weekend in jail. Getting arrested on a new charge, however, will likely result in a probation revocation hearing in which you may face prison time. What are probation sanctions? Probation sanctions are punishments that can be imposed on a probationer for violating the conditions of their probation. Often, probationers are given several chances and progressive sanctions before a motion to revoke their... > Intoxication charges can have long-term consequences. Call for a free consult with an experienced Collin County intoxication crimes lawyer. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-02-27 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/intoxication-crimes/ Collin County Intoxication Crimes Lawyer People often make mistakes when they are under the influence of alcohol, drugs or both. These mistakes sometimes result in criminal charges. In Texas, there are nine “intoxication crimes” listed in the penal code. Some are common, like public intoxication and DWI. Others are more obscure, like flying while intoxicated or operating an amusement ride while intoxicated. Regardless of the offense, any intoxication charge can have negative implications. It can impact your ability to drive and jeopardize employment or educational opportunities. It could also leave you with an arrest record, which could prevent you from getting into college, landing a dream job, leasing a car, or financing a home That’s why it is vital to contact an experienced Collin County intoxication crimes lawyer as soon as possible after an arrest for an intoxicated-related offense. Our team has extensive experience handling all types of intoxication offenses and a track record of exceptional results. What are Texas’ Nine Intoxication Offenses? Chapter 49 of the Texas Penal Code contains nine intoxication and alcoholic beverage offenses. They are listed below, from most to least serious: Intoxication Manslaughter Offense: An intoxicated driver commits this offense when he or she causes the death of another person while operating a vehicle, aircraft, watercraft or amusement ride. Penalty: Second-degree felony punishable to 2 to 20 years in prison and maximum $10,000 fine. Intoxication Assault Offense: A person commits intoxication assault when he or she drives intoxicated and causes serious bodily injury to another person, usually as a result of a traffic wreck. Penalty: Third-degree felony, punishable to 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Driving While Intoxicated with a Child Passenger Offense: A person commits DWI with a child passenger if he or she is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle that is occupied by a passenger who is under age 15. Penalty: DWI with a child passenger is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility, a maximum $10,000 fine. Driving While Intoxicated Offense: A person commits Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) if he or she is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Under the law, a driver is considered intoxicated if he or she does not have normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs or a combination of both or if the driver has a blood alcohol concentration of at least . 08. Penalty: A first-time DWI conviction is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in the county jail and a maximum $2000 fine. However, the punishment can go up if the driver’s BAC is over. 15 or if he or she has previous DWI convictions. Assembling or Operating an Amusement Park Ride While Intoxicated Offense: A person commits this offense if he or she assembles or operates an amusement ride while intoxicated. Penalty: Class B Misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in jail and a maximum... > Facing a marijuana charge in Collin County? Here's what you need to know. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with a skilled Collin County marijuana lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-26 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/marijuana/ Collin County Marijuana Lawyer Cannabis Defense If you have been arrested for a marijuana charge in Collin County, you need to speak with an experienced criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible. Despite changing attitudes regarding marijuana possession, it is still a criminal offense in Texas that can carry serious penalties and negatively impact your future. An experienced Collin County marijuana lawyer can help you fight the charges and protect your record. Collin County Marijuana Lawyer, Serving Allen, Plano, Frisco, Prosper, Carrollton, McKinney and Surrounding Areas Dallas County In this article, we will explain the current marijuana laws in Texas, penalty ranges, potential defenses, and collateral consequences. But first, please watch this video from Benson Varghese, a Collin County marijuana lawyer board certified in criminal law. He describes how our firm beats marijuana charges in Collin County and North Texas. https://www. youtube. com/embed/o1gBOouCOD4 What constitutes possession of marijuana in Texas? In Texas, a person commits possession of marijuana if he or she “knowingly or intentionally possesses a usable quantity of marijuana. ” So what is a usable quantity? Texas law doesn’t define usable quantity, but it generally refers to an amount that is sufficient for personal use, such as a joint. The threshold amount of marijuana that will trigger a possession charge in Texas is very small. What is the punishment for possession of marijuana in Texas? Marijuana is legal in more than a dozen states across the country, but Texas is not one of them. The punishment for possession of marijuana in Texas depends on the amount of marijuana seized. Possession of Drug Paraphernalia: Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. Possession of Marijuana Under 2 Ounces: Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 2 to 4 Ounces: Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 4 Ounces to 5 Pounds: State jail felony punishable by 6 months to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 5 to 50 Pounds: Third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 50 to 2000 pounds: Second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana in a Drug Free Zone: If you possess marijuana in a drug free zone, such as a school or playground, the penalty is increased one level higher. For example, if you were charged with possessing 3 ounces of marijuana, instead of facing a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year and a $4,000 fine, you may instead face a state jail felony punishable by six months to 2 years in jail and a $10,000 fine. What constitutes delivery of marijuana in Collin County? In Texas, a person commits the offense of delivery of marijuana if he or she intentionally or knowingly delivers marijuana, actually... > Kidnapping in Texas is a third-degree felony punishable by 2-10 years in prison. - Published: 2024-02-25 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/kidnapping/ Kidnapping Charges in Fort Worth What Constitutes Kidnapping in Texas? According to Texas Penal Code Section 20. 03, a person may be charged with kidnapping if he or she intentionally or knowingly abducted another person. Under Texas law, abduct means to restrain a person through the threat or use of deadly force or by secreting or holding them in a place in which they are not likely to be found by others searching for them. In order to kidnap someone intentionally and knowingly, a defendant must have consciously chosen to abduct an individual of their own free will and be aware of the results of their conduct. There is no time requirement associated with kidnapping charges in Fort Worth. Even if a defendant allegedly held someone against their will for only a few hours or a day, they could still be charged with this offense. Generally, all the aforementioned elements — abduction, intent, and awareness of results of their conduct —must be present in your case for you to be convicted of kidnapping. Additionally, state law specifies that you cannot be convicted of kidnapping if you took lawful control over a family member or relative without any intentional use or threat of deadly force. Kidnapping is a third-degree felony in Texas, carrying a punishment range of 2-10 years in prison. If you have been charged with kidnapping, be sure to contact an experienced local defense attorney at our firm. What does it mean to “abduct” under Texas law? Abduct means to “restrain” a person with intent to prevent his liberation by holding him where he is not likely to be found or by using deadly force. What does it mean to restrain a person under Texas law? In Texas, “restrain” means to restrict a person’s movements without consent so as to interfere substantially with the person’s liberty by moving the person from one place to another, or by confining the person. See Penal Code Section 20. 01(1) and Penal Code Section 20. 03. This definition is a little counterintuitive because it seems to cover a lot more than just restraint. For example, if a defendant places this woman in the trunk of his car without her consent, and then either keeps her there, or drives off with her, the defendant has restrained her according to the penal code definition. Restraint without consent is accomplished by force, intimidation, or deception. Restraint without consent is also accomplished by any means, including acquiescence or agreement of the victim if it is a child, 14 or younger, or an incompetent person and the parent or guardian has not agreed to the movement or confinement. Restraint without consent is also accomplished by any means including acquiescence. Notice that you don’t have to physically move someone from one place to another in order to abduct them. You merely need to hold them in a place where they’re not likely to be found. How State Law Defines Aggravated Kidnapping? In some instances, kidnapping may be elevated to... > Specified Unlawful Activity can be the basis for a whole host of federal charges. Learn everything you need to know about SUA here. - Published: 2024-02-25 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/specified-unlawful-activity/ Federal Specified Unlawful Activity The concept of "Specified Unlawful Activity" (SUA) is a key term within the framework of federal money laundering statutes, particularly as defined under the United States Code (U. S. C. ). SUA refers to certain predicate criminal acts listed by statute that, if proceeds are generated from them, can trigger money laundering charges if those proceeds are then used in certain financial transactions. Key Aspects of Specified Unlawful Activity Defined in U. S. C. Title 18, Section 1956(c)(7): This section outlines various categories of criminal activities that can be considered SUAs. The list is extensive, covering a broad range of crimes that include but are not limited to drug trafficking, human trafficking, terrorism, bribery, fraud, and smuggling. Predicate Offense: SUA serves as a predicate offense in money laundering cases. This means that for a money laundering charge to be applicable, the money involved must have been derived from an activity considered a SUA. Link to Money Laundering: SUA is critical because it links the initial criminal activity (the SUA) to subsequent financial transactions. If funds are known to be derived from an SUA, then knowingly conducting financial transactions with those funds can lead to charges of money laundering. Broad Scope and International Implications: Many of the specified unlawful activities, such as terrorism financing and international drug trafficking, have both domestic and international implications. This allows federal authorities to pursue money laundering charges that have connections to foreign and cross-border criminal activities. Enhanced Penalties: Engaging in financial transactions involving proceeds from an SUA can lead to severe penalties under the money laundering statutes, including imprisonment, hefty fines, and forfeiture of the proceeds and any property involved in or traceable to the money laundering activity. Tool for Broader Investigations: The SUA designation allows federal agencies to tackle larger criminal enterprises by targeting their financial activities. By prosecuting for money laundering based on proceeds from SUAs, authorities can disrupt and dismantle criminal organizations beyond just prosecuting the initial criminal conduct. Many crimes qualify as “Specified Unlawful Activities” under federal law. This term connotes offenses which can support money-laundering crimes. Money laundering is an offense that criminalizes transactions that are designed to promote certain crimes, hide those crimes, or spend proceeds from those crimes in large quantities. See 18 USC 1956 and 1957. For example, if a fraudster deposits wire fraud proceeds into an account named under a shell corporation, and then uses those deposits to buy a home in the corporation’s name, the federal Government may argue that both the deposit and the purchase were done in a manner to conceal or disguise the source of the funds and thus constituted money laundering. Or, if a drug dealer mixes drug proceeds with the cash earnings of a laundromat for deposit in a bank, that deposit would be done in a manner to conceal the true source of funds and thus money laundering. The operative question then becomes, which offenses can be used as a basis to assert that money... > The possession of child pornography statute in Texas went through major revisions in September 2025. Here is the most comprehensive analysis of the child pornography statute. - Published: 2024-02-25 - Modified: 2026-07-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/possession-of-child-pornography-in-texas/ Possession of child pornography in Texas is a felony under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26. Depending on the number of images, it can be charged as a third-degree felony (2 to 10 years) up to a first-degree felony (5 to 99 years or life in prison). A conviction also requires lifetime sex offender registration. The Texas Legislature completely overhauled this law effective September 1, 2025. The penalty structure is now driven primarily by the quantity of visual depictions possessed, with additional enhancements based on the age of the child, prior convictions, and whether the offender worked in a child-care setting. The 2025 amendments also expanded the law to cover AI-generated and computer-generated images of children for the first time. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have defended some of the most serious child pornography cases in Texas, including federal cases involving the hosting and distribution of child sexual abuse material. With more than 100 years of combined legal experience, 1,600+ dismissals, and 800+ charge reductions, we understand the technology law enforcement uses, the mistakes investigators make, and the defenses that work. Our team includes multiple Board Certified criminal law specialists and former prosecutors who know how to challenge these cases at every stage. You've Seen Us On What Is Possession of Child Pornography Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 26, a person commits the offense of possession of child pornography if they intentionally or knowingly possess or access with intent to view visual material that depicts a child younger than 18 engaging in sexual conduct, and the person knows or should have known the material depicts a child. As of September 1, 2025, the law also covers computer-generated images that are virtually indistinguishable from a real child. This means AI-generated deepfakes and other digitally created material now fall within the statute's reach if they appear to depict a child engaging in sexual conduct. "Sexual conduct" is defined broadly under Penal Code § 43. 25(a)(2). It includes sexual contact, actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sado-masochistic abuse, or lewd exhibition of the genitals, anus, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola. Notably, a video or image does not have to show an explicit sexual act to be prosecuted as child pornography. A "lewd exhibition" of a child's genitals can be sufficient. In Romo v. State, 663 S. W. 3d 716 (Tex. Crim. App. 2022), the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals applied a six-factor analysis derived from United States v. Dost, 636 F. Supp. 828 (S. D. Cal. 1986), to determine whether depictions of naked children qualify as "lewd. " Under this framework, courts consider factors such as whether the focal point of the image is the child's genitals or pubic area, whether the setting is sexually suggestive, whether the child is in an unnatural pose, and whether the image is designed to elicit a sexual response in the viewer. "Visual material" includes photographs, films, videotapes,... > Understanding sexting laws in Texas: Is sexting a crime in Texas? Here are a number of ways that sexting can become a crime. - Published: 2024-02-25 - Modified: 2025-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/sexting-crime/ Sexting Laws in Texas Understanding Sexting Laws in Texas Sexting is sending sexually explicit messages and images to another person, primarily between mobile phones. The term, derived from the words “sex” and “texting,” is very common. Over the years, there has been much controversy about how prolific sexting has become, especially among teenagers and young adults. But is sexting a crime? Is Sexting Illegal? Sexting is not illegal when photos are shared between consenting adults. However, there are a variety of ways that sexting can be illegal under state and federal law, especially if one or both participants are minors. This article explores state and federal criminal charges that could arise from sexting. https://youtu. be/6LwhuskqwZE Unsolicited Dick Pics in Texas Penal Code 21. 19 makes it a Class C misdemeanor to send visual material (without the express consent of the recipient or at their request) that depicts: A person engaging in sexual conduct The person’s intimate parts exposed, or The covered genitals of male in a “discernibly turgid state. ” In other words, an unsolicited dick pic is a criminal offense in Texas. That includes a dick pic that is not exposed, but the penis is hard. Harassment Imagine this scenario: two consenting adults exchange pictures of a sexual nature, which is perfectly legal. Then, they break up, and the split is not amicable. If one of the individuals repeatedly sends the other vindictive texts and now embarrassing photos to the other, such actions may fall precisely within the definition of harassment under Texas law. This is generally a Class B misdemeanor in Texas. Additionally, harassment charges can stem from obscene statements. Obscene means a “patently offensive description of or a solicitation to commit an ultimate sex act. ” Learn more about harassment charges in Texas. Revenge Porn in Texas Texas’ so-called “Revenge Porn” statute, Section 21. 16 of the Penal Code, makes it a Class A misdemeanor to disclose or promote intimate visual material under three different scenarios: intentionally disclosing visual material of another, threatening to disclose intimate visual material, and promoting intimate visual material. Sexting in Texas – Minors Depicted The most obvious way a teenager – or anyone for that matter – can get into trouble is to send or receive a sexually explicit photo of a person under the age of 18. Under the PROTECT Act of 2003 (Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today), it is a federal offense to distribute, receive, or possess any image of a minor engaged in sexual activity. Such actions can be prosecuted federally under 18 USC 2252 and 18 USC 2252A. Under Texas state law, sending a nude image to someone under the age of 18 can be prosecuted under Penal Code 43. 24, which criminalizes the sale, distribution or display of harmful material to a minor. Meanwhile, possession of child pornography can be prosecuted under Penal Code Section 43. 26. It’s important to point out that a minor who sends or receives sexually... > If you have a loved one arrested in Johnson County, they'll most likely get transported to Johnson County Jail. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-25 - Modified: 2026-01-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/johnson-county-jail-information/ Johnson County Jail Information and Inmate Search The Johnson County Corrections Facility is located at 1800 Ridgemar Dr, Cleburne, TX 76031, and serves as the primary detention center for all adult arrests in Johnson County, Texas. If someone you know has been arrested, you can confirm their custody status, learn about visitation, and begin working toward their release by following the steps below. How Do I Find Out If Someone Is in Johnson County Jail? There are three ways to confirm whether someone is currently being held at the Johnson County Jail: 1. Search the Online Inmate Roster. The Johnson County Sheriff's Office maintains a public inmate search tool where you can look up current inmates by name. 2. Call the Johnson County Jail. You can reach the jail directly at (817) 556-6000. Staff can confirm whether an individual is in custody and provide basic booking information. 3. Visit in Person. The Johnson County Corrections Facility is located at 1800 Ridgemar Dr, Cleburne, TX 76031. Visitors can inquire about an inmate's status at the facility. If the person was arrested in Burleson or another Johnson County city, they will typically be booked into the Johnson County Jail in Cleburne. However, some cities have arrangements with neighboring facilities. For example, Burleson uses the Mansfield Jail for Tarrant County charges. You may also want to check the Mansfield City Jail inmate search if you cannot locate someone in the Johnson County system. What Happens After an Arrest in Johnson County? After an arrest in Johnson County, the individual is transported to the Johnson County Corrections Facility for booking. During this process, officers record personal information, take fingerprints and photographs, and inventory personal belongings. The entire booking process can take several hours depending on how busy the jail is. Once booking is complete, the person will appear before a magistrate who sets bail. Texas law requires that anyone arrested be brought before a magistrate within 48 hours to be informed of the charges against them and have bail conditions determined. The magistrate considers several factors when setting bail, including the severity of the charges, the person's criminal history, ties to the community, and flight risk. For most misdemeanor offenses, bail is typically set according to a predetermined schedule. Felony charges often require higher bail amounts and may include additional conditions such as GPS monitoring, no-contact orders, or drug testing. In some cases, particularly for violent offenses or charges involving firearms, a judge may deny bail entirely under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 17. 15. How Do I Get Someone Out of Johnson County Jail? There are several ways to secure release from the Johnson County Jail. The method you choose depends on your financial situation and the bail amount set by the magistrate. Cash Bond: You pay the full bail amount directly to the jail. This money is refundable (minus administrative fees) once the case concludes, provided the defendant appears for all court dates. Surety Bond: A bail bondsman posts the full... > Accused theft in Collin County? Don’t let it ruin your future. Call for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County theft lawyer. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-23 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/theft/ Collin County Theft Lawyer | Criminal Defense Every year, more than 2000 misdemeanor and felony theft cases are filed in Collin County. It ranks up there with DWI and drug possession as the most common type of crime in Collin County. As defense attorneys, that is not a surprising statistic. Theft charges are one of the most prosecuted crimes in the state. That’s partly because Texas’ theft law covers a wide array of unlawful conduct, including theft of personal property, real property, documents, and services. Defending Collin County Theft Cases Theft charges in Collin County, Texas, can range from minor misdemeanors to serious felonies, depending on the value of the property stolen and other circumstances surrounding the case. A conviction can have severe consequences, including fines, imprisonment, and a permanent criminal record. If you or someone you know is facing theft charges in Collin County, it's crucial to understand the legal process and how to defend against these accusations effectively. Collin County Theft Lawyer We get calls every day from people facing theft accusations in Collin County and the surrounding North Texas counties. Sometimes it’s for something seemingly petty, like shoplifting at a store. Other times, it’s for a white collar crime, such as stealing large amounts from an employer or business. Regardless of the circumstances, every theft charge must be taken seriously in Texas. Any theft conviction can have long-lasting negative consequences, making it difficult to land the job, school or house you want. Here’s what you need to know about theft charges in Texas and how a Collin County theft lawyer at Varghese Summersett defends theft arrests in Collin County, including Plano, Allen, Frisco, and Wylie. https://youtu. be/NK9ulWg_bgw What constitutes theft in Texas? Before we discuss the definition of theft, it’s important to understand that Texas has just one statute that applies to all theft-related offenses. Chapter 31 of the Texas Penal Code contains all the definitions and punishments for theft crimes. It’s lengthy and can be confusing, so it’s essential to have an experienced Collin County theft lawyer help you navigate the law and understand this process. Under Section 31. 03 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits theft if he or she “unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of the property. ” Unlawful “appropriation” occurs if: The defendant takes property without the owner’s consent; The defendant possesses property knowing another person stole it; or The defendant takes property in the custody of law enforcement knowing it was stolen. One of the key takeaways from this definition is that a person can be charged with theft for receiving or possessing stolen items, even if they were not involved in the actual theft. What is the punishment for theft? The penalty for theft in Texas depends on how much the stolen items or services were worth. The higher the value, the higher the penalty. If more than one thing was taken, prosecutors can also take the totality of the items to arrive at the... > Tarrant County Diversion Programs focus on rehabilitating instead of punishing defendants. Call today to find out if you are eligible. - Published: 2024-02-23 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/ What Diversion Programs Are Available For Criminal Cases In Tarrant County? Tarrant County Diversion Programs The criminal justice system generally has three ways to deal with crime: punishment, deterrence and rehabilitation. Diversion programs focus on rehabilitating individuals. Tarrant County stands out in Texas for the number of diversion programs that are available to certain categories of offenders. Before we get into what diversion programs are and which diversion programs are available in Tarrant County, it is important to point out two things: First, diversion programs are meant for individuals who are guilty of the offense for which they are charged. In other words, if you believe you are not guilty of an offense, your attorney will advise you on how to best contest your guilt and not advise you to apply for diversion. Second, diversion programs can be hard to get into and are only available to individuals who are motivated to change. What is a Diversion Program? True diversion programs are exactly that – they divert or redirect individuals who have been arrested to a different, and hopefully, more productive and positive path. Most diversion programs are pre-trial, meaning the defendant is diverted from the tradition criminal justice processing into a program of supervision, treatment and rehabilitation. There are also post-conviction diversion programs which allow a person the opportunity to avoid the typical punishments following a conviction, potentially avoiding a prison sentence. However, the purpose of diversion programs is not only to avoid convictions or punishment. Diversion programs are meant to give the accused an opportunity for rehabilitation, which will be rewarded. How Do Diversion Programs Work? Diversion programs are only meant for individuals who are guilty of the offense for which they are charged. Admission into a diversion program is not something that can be guaranteed nor are they meant for individuals who believe they are entitled to be in the program. Applicants must, instead, demonstrate a commitment to changing their lives and be accepted after a rigorous application process. Generally, diversion programs, which are also referred to as specialty court programs, have both a carrot and a stick. For pre-plea diversion programs, the carrot might be offering the person a dismissal and shot at an expunction, while the stick is the person getting kicked out of the program with prejudice. For post-plea programs (where the person is found guilty, typically in the case of repeat offenders) the benefit is they are given an opportunity to stay out of prison as long as they abide by the stringent requirements of the specialty court program. What are Specialty Courts in Texas? There are more than 170 specialty court programs in Texas. There are adult drug courts, juvenile drug courts, DWI courts, mental health courts and veteran’s courts, just to name a few. Specialty courts oversee specific diversion programs or rehabilitative in their county. Each specialty court is designed to provide an opportunity for a group of individuals who share a common underlying problem, which has led to their criminal... > The Fort Worth sex crimes lawyer at Varghese Summersett will aggressively and compassionately defend your freedom, future, and reputation. Call or schedule online. - Published: 2024-02-23 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sex-crimes-lawyer/ Fort Worth Sex Crimes Lawyer A sexual offense is one of the most serious crimes you can be charged with in Texas. Not only do sex crimes carry stiff penalties, but they also carry a stigma that can impact you personally and professionally for the rest of your life. Some sexual offenses also carry unique collateral consequences, such as the requirement to register as a sex offender. Finding the best lawyer to aid you during this time is imperative. We almost always suggest hiring a local attorney. If you are charged in Tarrant County, you will want to find the right Fort Worth sex crimes lawyer as soon as possible. Our team of experienced attorneys is made up of former prosecutors who understand the state’s playbook. We also understand the severity and the sensitive nature of sex cases. We will listen to you carefully and develop a solid defense strategy in an effort to protect your record and reputation. What are Sex Offenses in Texas? Sex offenses are a broad category of crimes that involve illicit sexual actions, ranging from prostitution to sexual assault. Some crimes are more severe than others, but all charges can negatively impact your life for decades to come. Public Lewdness, Indecent Exposure, And Voyeurism Public lewdness, indecent exposure, and voyeurism are all misdemeanors. For each of these crimes, the main component is some sort of sexual act was performed in public. Prostitution Prostitution is defined as knowingly receiving money from another in exchange for sexual contact under Texas Penal Code Section 41. 01. In general, the crime is a misdemeanor but can become a felony if the defendant has been convicted more than three times for a prior offense or they engaged in sexual conduct with a person 18 years of age or younger. Beyond that, the Tarrant County District Attorney has taken the position that “johns” or individuals who hire prostitutes should be charged more severely than a person who prostitutes themselves. As a result, even first time offenders are facing convictions and permanent blemishes on their records if their case is not handled correctly. Rape And Sexual Assault Rape and sexual assaults involve using force against another to engage in sexual conduct, per Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 22. 011. Sexual assault is a second degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison, while aggravated sexual assault is a first-degree felony punishable by up to life in prison. Defendants who are convicted of sexual assault are required to register as a sex offender. What are the Penalties for Illegal Sex Acts? The punishment for sex crimes vary depending on the alleged offense. For example, public lewdness is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail, while someone convicted of aggravated sexual assault could face up to life in prison. Regardless of the charge, it’s crucial to get in touch with a Forth Worth lawyer to discuss your case and legal options. What is Texas’ Sexual Offender Registry?... > Accused of burglarizing a house or business in Collin County? Our Collin County Burglary Of A Habitation Lawyer has advice on how to best protect yourself. - Published: 2024-02-23 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/burglary-of-a-habitation/ Collin County Burglary Of A Habitation Lawyer In Texas, it’s possible to be charged with burglary even if nothing is taken. Just reaching your hand into the window of someone’s house or kicking in a door can be enough to warrant a felony charge. It all comes down to intent. If prosecutors can show that you entered someone’s property with the intent to commit a theft, felony or assault, you can be charged with burglary of a habitation or building. Collin County Burglary of a Habitation Lawyer, Serving Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper, Carrollton and Surrounding Areas The good news is that a skilled Collin County burglary of a habitation lawyer can help you fight these charges. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have handled hundreds of burglary cases over the decades – first as prosecutors and now as highly skilled defense attorneys. Because we have been on the other side, we know how the prosecution thinks, and we use that to your advantage. In this article, we will explain the burglary law and punishment, as well as possible defenses that may be raised in these types of cases. Rest assured, we will thoroughly investigate your case and work tirelessly for the best possible outcome. What constitutes Collin County burglary of a habitation or building? Burglary laws are very broad in Texas. According to Texas Penal Code 30. 02, a person commits burglary if he or she, without the effective consent of the owner: enters a building or habitation and commits or attempts to commit a felony, theft or assault; or enters a habitation or a building (or any portion of a building) not open to the public with the intent to commit a felony, theft or assault; or remains concealed, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault, in a building or habitation. The first definition is pretty straightforward. If you unlawfully enter someone’s house or building and commit (or try to commit) a felony, theft or assault or try you can be charged with burglary. The other two definitions are a little more confusing. If you enter a habitation or a building that is not open to the public (like an office after-hours) with the intent to commit a felony, theft or assault, you can be charged with burglary. Again, the keyword is intent. Let’s say you open a window with a crowbar and then run away because the alarm sounded. Even though you didn’t take anything and didn’t even step foot in the house or business, you could be charged with burglary if prosecutors can prove that your intention was to commit a theft, felony or assault. Under Texas law, “enter” means to intrude any part of the body or any physical object connected to your body. So, this means if you reach your arm through a window or use a crowbar to push open a door, you can be charged with burglary. In layman’s terms, you just have to “break the plane. ” Likewise, if... > Varghese Summersett is the go-to law firm for journalists seeking legal experts, commentary. Here's our lawyers in the news. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/in-the-news/ In The News Varghese Summersett is made up of nationally recognized trial attorneys and former prosecutors who are comfortable providing legal commentary and speaking to the media. Our attorneys have decades of experience and are considered some of the state’s best and brightest legal minds. We are frequently asked to weigh in on local or national stories as legal analysts, participate in news programs, or comment on cases. Here’s a look at Varghese Summersett in the news: One Year Later: What's the Status of the Lawsuits Against the Cooper Apartments? Fort Worth Star-Telegram June 25, 2026 Attorney Katie Steele Central Texas Family Pushes for Accountability with TXDOT Lawsuit after Fatal Crash 25 News KXXV May 24, 2026 Attorney Damian Williams Central Texas Family Sues TxDOT Over Deadly Highway 36 Crash that Killed Teen Daughter Channel 6 - KCENTV May 13, 2026 Attorney Damain Williams Parents File Wrongful Death Lawsuit against TxDOT over Fatal SH 36 Crash after Death of Temple College Student Temple Daily Telegram May 9, 2026 Attorney Damian Williams Parents Sue TxDOT Over Highway 36 Crash that Killed Temple College Student May 8, 2026 KWTX Channel 10 Attorney Damian Williams Waco's "Baby Whisperer" Has Her Murder Conviction Reversed Again May 7, 2026 Texas Monthly Attorneys Christy Jack & Letty Martinez Texas Appeals Court Reverses Murder Conviction of Marian Fraser in Baby Clara's Daycare Death May 7, 2026 KWXT News Attorneys Christy Jack & Letty Martinez After Death Sentence, Athena Strand's Family Faces Years of Appeals and Ongoing Grief May 6, 2026 CBS News Attorney Christy Jack Jurors in Athena Strand Case Face Emotional Aftermath After Death Verdict May 6, 2026 NBC 5 Attorney Christy Jack One Trial, Two Cities: Federal Judge Releases New Restrictive Rules CBS News February 23, 2026 Attorney Benson Varghese This Fort Worth Law Firm's Family-Friendly Policies Bode Well for Business October 20, 2025 Star-Telegram Attorney Anna Summersett 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence: Benson Varghese - Varghese Summersett October 6, 2025 Fort Worth Inc. Managing Partner Benson Varghese North Texas Moms Sues Private School and Teacher Who Groomed Her Daughter September 20, 2025 Star-Telegram Attorney Ty Stimpson Plano Teacher to Spend 20 Years in Prison for Grooming a Student Now Faces a Lawsuit from Student's Mother October 1, 2025 CBS News Attorney Ty Stimpson Fort Worth ISD Special Education Teacher Arrested, Accused of Grabbing 2 Kids by Throat September 19, 2025 Star Telegram Attorney Ty Stimpson Varghese Summersett Founder Releases Book on Law Firm Growth September 15, 2025 Fort Worth Inc. Attorney Benson Varghese Football Raised Ty Stimpson, the Law Called Him August 28, 2025 Fort Worth Inc. Attorney Ty Stimpson Court Hearing Could Determine Whether Tenants Retrieve Belongings After Fire Destroyed Apartment Complex August 19, 2025 CBS News Attorney Katie Steele Hearing on Order to Protect Cooper Residents' Property Ends Without Ruling August 20, 2025 Fort Worth Star-Telegram Attorneys Katie Steele and Ty Stimpson Jet Ski Operator Indicted in Memorial Day Death of Teen Kayaker Ava Moore on Grapevine Lake August 15, 2025 CBS News... > Our Fort Worth federal appeals lawyers at Varghese Summersett can help fight your case in appellate court. Schedule a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/appeals/ Fort Worth Federal Appeals Lawyer While federal convictions are meant to be final upon pronouncement of a sentence, they are only final if a federal appeal is absent. Certain mistakes can render convictions and sentences null and void if appealed. However, such mistakes or "appealable errors" must be present, preserved, and appropriately appealed in order for a sentence to be overturned. The process of preserving and appealing error is technical and arduous. It is a combined effort of trial counsel and appellate counsel. That is, identification and preservation of appeal is necessary in district court while drafting of writs and briefs to pursue an appeal is done at the appellate level. To discuss this area a few terms need to be defined. If you are looking to better understand the appellate process, reach out to a Fort Worth federal appeals lawyer for help. Federal District Courts There are approximately 94 federal districts. Most of them use multiple federal district judges who are appointed for life to preside over cases. For example, the Northern District of Texas has four divisions (Dallas, Amarillo, Fort Worth, and Lubbock) using more than 15 separate judges who each preside over a separate district court. Likewise, the Southern, Eastern, and Northern District of New York, the Southern District of Texas, the Western District of Texas, and the Northern District of Illinois (in Chicago) all have multiple federal district courts within them. District Court Proceedings Arraignments, Pleas, Trials, and Sentences are conducted and pronounced at the district court level. This means that jury trials, motions to suppress, motions to dismiss, pleas of guilty, and federal sentences all occur in district courts and are heard by federal district judges. This is also where guideline calculations are ultimately made. Federal Appellate Courts There are twelve separate federal appellate circuits each operated by a panel of lifetime appointed justices. Federal Appellate Proceedings Appellate courts review whether any statutory, jurisprudential, or Constitutional error took place before a district court. They do not generally make new factual findings (except in writ practice). Rather, they typically take the facts that are found within district courts and decide whether the process to reach such findings were legal and whether the law that was applied in a given case comports with federal statutes or the Constitution. Types of Federal Criminal Appeals There are two types of appellate review. The first type is known as a direct appeal. The second type of review is known as writ practice. These are also known as 2255 actions found within Rule 22 of the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure. Writs are also known as writs of habeas corpus. Direct Appeal The first type is known as a direct appeal. These reviews determine whether the procedure used in the district courts was proper and comported with various statutory provisions. For example, if a jury trial occurred and an incorrect jury instruction was used, such an error may provide an avenue for appeal (if properly preserved). In order for a direct... > Sobriety checkpoints in Texas are not legal. Our DWI/DUI defense attorneys are highly experienced. Schedule a free consultation today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/sobriety-checkpoints/ Sobriety Checkpoints in Texas We are often asked if police roadblocks or sobriety checkpoints in Texas are allowed. In short, no. DWI roadblocks and sobriety checkpoints are illegal in Texas. However, there are instances where roadblocks have been permitted in the past. What is a DWI Checkpoint? DWI checkpoints are police roadblocks set up to stop every vehicle passing through a specific location in order to check the drivers' sobriety. For example, in 1991 the Arlington Police Department set-up a field sobriety checkpoint at the 1200 block of West Division Road. At the time, the checkpoint followed department guidelines and was approved by the Traffic Division Commander. The police department provided the date and the location of the checkpoint to the media, and the media then wrote an article advising citizens of the upcoming roadblock. Warning signs were visible to drivers as they approached the roadblock, and police directed traffic to the checkpoint. The roadblock stopped every vehicle passing through, netting 341 cars over a three-hour period. The police investigated each driver for signs of intoxication by detaining the driver and car for approximately 10 to 15 seconds. If the officer observed signs of intoxication (such as the odor of an alcoholic beverage, slurred speech, or bloodshot, watery eyes), then the driver was moved to an isolated area to perform the Standardized Field Sobriety Tests (SFSTs). If the officer did not see any signs of intoxication, then the driver was allowed to proceed through the checkpoint and continue on their way. In the end, 10 drivers were arrested for Driving While Intoxicated. This type of a sobriety checkpoint is no longer legal in Texas. Roadblocks are Seizures that Implicate the Fourth Amendment Sobriety checkpoints and police roadblocks raise serious Fourth Amendment concerns. The Fourth Amendment protects us from unreasonable searches and seizures. When law enforcement stops your vehicle pursuant to a roadside checkpoint, you are being subjected to a seizure without any reasonable suspicion that an offense occurred. Seizures without suspicion are generally illegal as they violate the Fourth Amendment. However, in certain circumstances, a court may decide the public’s interest is greater than an individual’s right to privacy and allow “suspicionless seizures. ” For DWI roadblocks, or sobriety checkpoints, the courts consider three factors when reviewing “suspicionless seizures”: (1) the State’s interest in preventing accidents caused by people driving while intoxicated, (2) the effectiveness of sobriety checkpoint in preventing such accidents, and (3) the level of intrusion the sobriety checkpoint has on an individual’s right to privacy. Why Roadblocks are Currently Not Legal In 1994, the Court of Criminal Appeals ruled that for any sobriety checkpoint to be reasonable, it must, at a minimum, be authorized by a statewide policy governing checkpoints. See Holt v. State 887 S. W. 2d 16 (1994). The State of Texas has not authorized police officers to conduct roadblocks, much less sanctioned their enforcement techniques. Therefore, sobriety checkpoints or similar roadblocks are unconstitutional in Texas. Avoiding a Roadblock Could Give Rise to Reasonable Suspicion... > Charged with felony DWI Third or More in Fort Worth? Varghese Summersett's Tarrant County DWI team has tried nearly 200 intoxication cases. Free consult. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/third-offense/ Fort Worth Felony DWI Lawyer | DWI Third or More If you are facing a third (or more) DWI in Fort Worth, you are looking at a felony — and in Tarrant County the stakes are real. In 2025, Tarrant County set bond on 361 felony DWI (third-or-more) cases, with bonds averaging more than $14,000. A conviction can mean state prison, not county jail. Our Fort Worth DWI team has tried nearly 200 intoxication-related jury trials, and we defend not just the stop and the breath or blood test, but the prior convictions the State is trying to use against you. Board Certified in Criminal Law. Former Tarrant County prosecutors. Free consultation. Call (817) 203-2220 — Free Consultation What Counts as a Felony DWI in Fort Worth? Most people know a third DWI in Texas is a felony. What surprises clients is that, in most cases, it does not matter how old the prior DWIs are or where they happened. Prosecutors can also reach for other intoxication-related offenses — including boating while intoxicated, intoxication assault, and intoxication manslaughter — to enhance your charge. Consider a person arrested and convicted of a DWI in Fort Worth at age 22, who later picks up a boating-while-intoxicated conviction in Florida at 47. If that same person is stopped in Tarrant County at 67 on suspicion of driving while intoxicated, prosecutors will use both prior convictions — decades old, and one from another state — to charge DWI Felony Repetition, often called "DWI Fel Rep" or "DWI Third or More. " What Is the Punishment Range for a Felony DWI in Fort Worth? DWI Felony Repetition is a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. The range climbs quickly with prior prison sentences: If you have been to prison once before (for a DWI or any other felony), the charge is enhanced to a second-degree felony — 2 to 20 years in prison. If you have two prior sequential prison sentences, you face habitual-offender punishment — 25 to 99 years or life in prison. That is how a fifth DWI can lead to a life sentence. For local context, third-degree felony bonds in Tarrant County average roughly $9,100, while felony DWI (third-or-more) bonds in 2025 averaged $14,267 — a reminder that the court treats these cases far more seriously than a first-time DWI. That is also why preparation decides these cases. In one alleged seventh DWI, our client was facing 25 years to life — realistically the rest of his life — and walked out of trial with a misdemeanor (see the case study below). We have also kept clients out of prison by getting them admitted to Tarrant County's Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP), a structured alternative to incarceration for eligible felony DWI defendants. Why Choose Our Fort Worth Felony DWI Defense Team Felony DWI defense is not the place for general practitioners. Our Fort Worth team includes a Board Certified Criminal Law... > Not paying taxes is a federally prosecuted crime with significant punishment ranges. Call a Fort Worth tax evasion defense lawyer for help with your case. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/tax-evasion/ Fort Worth Tax Evasion Defense Lawyer While cinema attached a certain poetic justice to criminal enforcement of tax crimes through dramatic depictions of Elliot Ness taking down Al Capone, there is nothing fictional or ceremonial about DOJ efforts to prosecute tax evasion. Unlike the film Untouchables where tax evasion was some sort of a consolation prize for law enforcement officials who, according to the film, couldn’t catch Capone for his “real crimes,” in real life tax prosecutions are serious matters that have the potential cripple individuals and companies. In fact, tax evasion prosecutions are so serious that the DOJ has a special unit in Washington, D. C. called the Department of Justice Tax Division. This unit has the final say so whether tax evasion prosecutions go forward. It is also important to realize that in addition to criminal prosecution authority, separate IRS tax collection personnel have other collection powers that would rival, or even surpass, the collection powers of bankruptcy courts. If you are facing charges for avoiding or underpaying taxes, a Fort Worth tax evasion defense lawyer could help. Reach out today to our team of compassionate and hardworking attorneys for assistance with navigating the ensuing legal process. Tax Evasion Prosecution In terms of tax evasion prosecution, U. S. Attorney’s generally proceed under one of three statutes. 26 USC 7206 criminalizes the willful submission of a return or any other tax document under the penalty of perjury that the filer “does not believe to be true and correct as to every material matter. ” This offense carries a fine of up to $100,000 (or $500,000 for a corporation) and imprisonment up to 3 years. A second option for prosecutors is 26 USC 7201, which criminalizes the attempt to evade or defeat tax. Specifically, “Any person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or defeat any tax imposed by this title or the payment thereof shall, in addition to other penalties provided by law, be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100,000 ($500,000 in the case of a corporation), or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. ” Another option for prosecutors criminalizes the willful failure to file a return. Individuals who fail to pay an estimated tax or file a return are subject to a penalty of up to one-year imprisonment and a fine up to $25,000 (or $100,000 for a corporation). It is also worth noting that for businesses who receive large cash transactions, such a failure to keep documentation and/or file returns can carry up to 5 years imprisonment. For persons or companies concerned about tax problems or that receive indication that the IRS is looking into their tax status, it is important to recognize that time may be a powerful weapon in defending such an accusation. It is incumbent upon people in this situation to try to make a case that either exonerates them or try to convince the government... > Federal computer hacking charges carry up to a year in prison under 18 U.S.C. 1030. Consult with Varghese Summersett to mount an aggressive federal defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/computer-crimes/ Fort Worth Federal Computer Crimes We often see “hacking” portrayed in movies and television as cases where an individual attempts to access a secure database or computer system in order to get information that would not be accessible through legal means. However the media often talks about hacking in generic terms. Many people do not have a true sense of what federal laws are being violated when someone “hacks” a computer, and what makes these acts illegal. The primary statute that deals with federal computer crimes is 18. U. S. C. 1030, known as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA). The CFAA makes it illegal for an individual or group to distribute computer code or place code into the stream of commerce if it is intended to create an economic loss or damage. The CFAA was originally enacted in 1984 and was intended to apply to government-owned computers and computers belonging to financial institutions. However, as computer technology became more prevalent, cyber crimes occurred more often. Thus, the statue was expanded to give the government broad authority to prosecute anyone who accessed “a protected computer,” which courts have interpreted as being any computer connected to the internet. The CFAA in its present form prohibits the following activities: Accessing a computer without authorization and transmitting classified government information. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(1). \ Intentionally accessing a computer without authorization to obtain financial information from a financial institution or card issuer. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(2)(A). Intentionally accessing a computer without authorization to obtain information from any department or agency of the United States. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(3). Knowingly and with the intent to defraud, access a protected computer without authorization. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(4). Knowingly or intentionally cause the transmission of a program, information, code, or command, and as a result of such conduct, intentionally causes damage without authorization, to a protected computer. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(5). Knowingly and with the intend to defraud, traffic in any password of similar information through which a computer may be accessed without authorization if such trafficking affects interstate or foreign commerce; of such computer is used by or for the Government of the United States. 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(6). If are facing charges for hacking, call our Fort Worth federal computer crimes lawyers today for help with your case. Our team of well-versed attorneys could explain your rights, answer your questions, and work to protect your rights. For more information, please reference 18 U. S. C. § 1030(a)(1-6). Sentencing for Federal Computer Crimes Under the CFAA, an individual convicted of a computer crime can face a prison sentence of up to 20 years and a fine of up to $250,000. However, the punishment varies under each subsection of the CFAA. For example, the punishment for an offense under subsection (a) or (b) would have a maximum imprisonment period of 10 years. However, if an individual had a previous conviction under the CFAA,... > Alex Thornton is an associate attorney at Varghese Summersett, where she focuse on misdemeanor and felony state criminal defense matters. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/alex-thornton/ Alex Thornton Alex Thornton is a Senior Associate at Varghese Summersett, where her primary focus is on state criminal defense matters in Tarrant County and the surrounding areas. Alex provides comprehensive legal representation to clients charged with misdemeanors and felonies, including intoxication offenses, drug charges, and crimes against people. Alex's legal acumen and commitment to her clients have earned her significant recognition in the legal community. Since 2021, she has been named a Rising Star by Super Lawyers magazine, a prestigious accolade awarded to up-and-coming attorneys who demonstrate excellence in their field. She has also been recognized as a Top Attorney by both Fort Worth Magazine, 360 West and Southlake Style, further establishing her reputation as a trusted legal advocate. Additionally, her achievements have been acknowledged nationally, as she was named One to Watch in America by Best Lawyers, a testament to her growing influence and success in the legal profession. Fun Fact: Alex is married to J. Turner Thornton, who leads Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division. Areas Of Practice State Criminal Defense DWI Defense Felonies Misdemeanors Occupational License and Administrative License Revocation Hearings Diversion Programs Education Texas A&M University (B. A. ) Texas A&M University School of Law (J. D. ) Bar Admission Texas Honors, Memberships One to Watch in America, Best Lawyers, 2025 Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2019 - Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2017 - Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2022 - Present Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Tarrant County Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Criminal Justice Section, State Bar of Texas Eldon Mahon Inn of Courts > If you are facing federal money laundering charges, it's imperative to consult with an attorney experienced at handling white collar cases. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-04-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-money-laundering/ Federal Money Laundering Charges What is money laundering? Money laundering is the process of concealing “dirty” money obtained through illegal activity and making it “clean. ” Money obtained through criminal activity cannot be used in the legitimate financial system without raising suspicion. So, the money must be cleaned to appear legitimate and not raise suspicion when used at financial institutions, such as banks. Federal money laundering is a white collar crime that stems from another - usually much more serious - crime, such as drug trafficking or robbery. Over the years, money laundering has become a popular storyline in movies and TV series, such as Ozark on Netflix. And while it has been romanticized, the truth is that money laundering is a serious federal crime that can carry stiff prison sentences. How does money laundering work? Money laundering typically occurs in three steps: placement, layering, and integration. First, the illegally gained money is placed in a legitimate enterprise (placement). Second, the source of the money is obscured through multiple transactions (layering). Third, and finally, the laundered money is integrated to the legitimate financial system through any number of recognized financial instruments, such as banknotes or loans (integration). Money laundering can be as simple as depositing funds into a checking account or can involve a complex web of shell companies and offshore accounts. Federal money laundering charges are almost always charged as conspiracy charges. What are federal money laundering statutes? Money laundering is a federal crime. The federal money laundering statute is complex and broken into two sections under Title 18 of the United States Code: sections 1956 and 1957. Section 1956 prohibits financial transactions that are designed to promote unlawful activity or disguise the source of the illegally gained money. Section 1957 prohibits financial transactions involving illegally gained money exceeding $10,000. Through these laws, the government may bring several different types of money laundering charges, often through sting operations. They could include transaction money laundering, international money laundering, and reverse money laundering. What are the penalties for federal money laundering? A person convicted of money laundering may be sentenced up to 20 years in federal prison and fined up to $500,000. Additionally, a money laundering charge allows the federal government to seize the money and other related property through a civil asset forfeiture judgment. Learn more: Timeline of a federal criminal case. What are the elements of a money laundering offense? In a criminal trial, the government bears the burden of proving that the accused’s conduct satisfies every element of the crime. To convict someone of money laundering, the government must demonstrate four elements under section 1956: (1) the defendant knew the money was dirty; (2) the money is from a “specified unlawful activity;” (3) there is a financial transaction; and (4) intent, that the money is used for the purpose of promoting or concealing a crime, or the transaction is to avoid a reporting requirement. Section 1957 adds the $10,000 minimum money requirement but does not require the same... > What is Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution in Texas? Through offenses like aggravated promotion of prostitution, Texas has come down hard on allegations of pimping. Aggravated promotion of prostitution in Texas is an offense in which a person is accused of running or helping run a prostitution business with at least two prostitutes. As of 2019,. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/aggravated-promotion-of-prostitution/ Aggravated Promotion Of Prostitution In Texas Through offenses like aggravated promotion of prostitution, Texas has come down hard on allegations of pimping. Aggravated promotion of prostitution in Texas is an offense in which a person is accused of running or helping run a prostitution business with at least two prostitutes. As of 2019, this is aggravated promotion of prostitution is a first-degree felony. If you or a family member is being investigated for aggravated promotion of prostitution, it’s essential to consult with legal counsel as soon as possible. Varghese Summersett sex crimes defense attorneys are Board Certified and former prosecutors, and they will protect your rights. The Texas Penal Code describes aggravted promotion of prostitution under “Offenses against Public Order and Decency. ” In this post, we’ll explain aggravated promotion of prostitution, the punishment for conviction, and explain how the penalties have changed in recent years. What is Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution in Texas? In Texas, "Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution" is defined as an offense where an individual knowingly owns, invests in, finances, controls, supervises, or manages a prostitution enterprise that uses two or more prostitutes. This is detailed under Texas Penal Code § 43. 04. Overview of Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution: Statute: Texas Penal Code § 43. 04 Key Elements: Ownership or Control: The person must have some level of ownership, investment, financial interest, or managerial control over the enterprise. Use of Two or More Prostitutes: The enterprise must involve two or more individuals engaging in prostitution. Knowledge: The person must be aware that the activities being managed or controlled involve prostitution. Legal Implications: Severity: Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution is classified as a second-degree felony in Texas. Penalties: A second-degree felony in Texas carries a penalty of 2 to 20 years in prison and a possible fine of up to $10,000. Context and Examples: Aggravated vs. Simple Promotion: The key difference between simple promotion and aggravated promotion lies in the scale of the operation. Simple promotion might involve fewer individuals or a less formalized role in the management of the prostitution activities. Example Scenario: If a person manages a brothel where multiple individuals are engaged in prostitution and the person has a direct role in controlling or supervising the activities, this could constitute aggravated promotion. What does Texas consider aggravated promotion of prostitution? According to Texas Penal Code § 43. 04, a person commits aggravated promotion of prostitution if they “knowingly” manage, own, supervise, control, or finances a prostitution business or enterprise. Aggravated promotion of prostitution is a separate charge from the promotion of prostitution, not just an enhanced version of the charge. A “prostitution enterprise,” as described in Texas law, is a venture, design, or plan in which at least two people agree to, then offer, or engage in the provision of sexual favors for compensation. A person could be accused of aggravated promotion of prostitution if they knowingly: Engage at least two prostitutes in the prostitution enterprise Controls, supervises, finances, manages, owns, or invests in a prostitution... > Meet our team of lawyers, drawn from the best and brightest attorneys in the Lone Star State. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/ Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, dedicated to helping people through life's greatest challenges. Our firm has three distinct divisions — family law, criminal defense, and personal injury — each staffed with experienced, award-winning attorneys who practice exclusively in their area of expertise. What sets Varghese Summersett apart is the caliber of our legal team. Our criminal defense division includes five Board Certified specialists — the highest designation an attorney can achieve in Texas — and is comprised entirely of former prosecutors who have collectively tried more than 700 cases to juries. Our family law attorneys are skilled negotiators, experienced litigators, and licensed mediators who have guided hundreds of families through high-net-worth divorces, contentious custody battles, and complex property divisions. Our personal injury team includes former prosecutors and attorneys with insider knowledge of insurance company tactics, allowing us to maximize recoveries for clients who have suffered catastrophic injuries or lost loved ones due to negligence. Since its founding, Varghese Summersett has been recognized as one of the fastest-growing law firms in America by Inc. 5000, a Small Business of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber, and one of the best places to work by Fort Worth Inc. for three consecutive years. With more than 1,200 five-star Google reviews, our reputation is built on exceptional results and compassionate, personalized service. Please take a moment to get to know our attorneys. Divorce & Family Law Attorneys Our family law division is made up of highly regarded attorneys who have vast experience handling emotionally charged family law matters, including high-net-worth divorce, complex asset division, and sensitive child custody matters. This legal team was selected for its ability to provide clients with the best possible representation during one of the most demanding times of their lives. Sometimes that is accomplished through a quiet, collaborative approach; other times, it requires an aggressive courtroom battle. Our family law attorneys serve clients in Tarrant, Dallas, Denton, Parker, and Wise counties. J. Turner Thornton, Partner Turner Thornton is a highly-regarded Fort Worth family law attorney who leads Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division. A skilled negotiator, experienced litigator, and licensed mediator, Turner has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through their most tumultuous times. Divorce, child custody disputes, and property division are among the most contentious and complex cases in the legal system. Turner understands the intricacies and complexities involved in family law and works strategically to find and implement the best solution for each client. Education: Texas A&M School of Law, J. D. | UT Austin, B. S. Office: Fort Worth, TX Practice Areas: Divorce, Child Custody Disputes, Property Division, Mediation Dena L. Wilson, Partner Dena L. Wilson is a Partner in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division. A seasoned trial lawyer, savvy negotiator, and trusted advisor, Dena is known for successfully resolving complex and challenging cases, including high-net-worth divorces, contentious custody battles, and intricate property divisions. With over two decades of experience in family law,... > At Varghese Summersett PLLC, we know that results matter. The best results avoid convictions, jail or prison time, and give you an opportunity to keep your record clean. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-07-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/results/ When someone is searching for a law firm to help them with the biggest problem in their life, they usually start by looking at their results. What is the firm's record of success? How skilled are its attorneys? What do previous clients say? After all, the past is the best predictor of the future. At Varghese Summersett, we understand that results matter, and we take great pride in delivering exceptional outcomes. Our firm has three divisions — personal injury, family law, and criminal defense — each with its own award-winning attorneys who are the best at what they do. But don't take our word for it. Look at the numbers, check out our outcomes, notice the accolades, and read our more than a thousand 5-star Google reviews. Family Law Division Our family law division is made up of highly-regarded attorneys and paralegals who have vast experience handling emotionally charged family law matters, including complex divorce, contentious child custody, and high-asset property division. Our legal team was selected for its ability to provide clients with the best possible representation during one of the most demanding times of their lives. Sometimes that is accomplished through a quiet, collaborative approach; other times, it requires an aggressive courtroom battle. We understand how complex divorce and child custody cases can be, and we work tirelessly to protect the rights and interests of our clients and their children. Expertly Managed the Division of $4 Million in Assets in a Complex Divorce Secured Ownership and Control of Multi-Million Dollar Businesses for Divorce Clients 2500+ Successful Resolutions of Family Law Matters 1500+ Court Appearances 800+ Successful Mediations 2000+ Approved Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDRO) Senior Attorneys with 20+ Years of Experience in Southlake, Westlake, and Keller Certified Collaborative Divorce Attorney Dual Certified Attorneys as Mediators Representation of High Profile Clients with Complex, High Net-Worth Divorces Personal Injury Division Varghese Summersett’s personal injury division is dedicated to getting justice and compensation for victims who have been injured or their loved ones killed due to the negligent or wrongful acts of others. We represent victims of catastrophic wrecks, commercial accidents, motorcycle crashes, dangerous products, workplace explosions, and other devastating injuries and wrongful deaths. We're not afraid to take the most challenging cases, stand up to the largest corporations, or put the most formidable adversaries to trial. Our goal is not only to secure the financial compensation our clients deserve but also to hold the responsible parties accountable for their actions so that similar injustices are prevented in the future. Millions Recovered for Clients Aggressive Litigation Against Fortune 500 Companies Instrumental in Getting Texas Laws Passed, Including the Athena Alert Experienced, Award-Winning Trial Attorneys Former Claims Adjusters with Insider Knowlege of Insurance Tactics Media Relations Specialist for High-Profile Cases 24/7 Client Support and Case Management Comprehensive Investigation and Evidence Gathering for Each Case Extensive Network of Medical and Industry Experts for Case Support Aggressive Negotiation Tactics & Tailored Legal Strategies for Maximum Compensation Free Initial Consultations and No Win, No Fee... > Sexual Performance by a Child in Texas under Penal Code 43.25 is a serious felony accusation. Call us for help if you are facing allegations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/performance/ Sexual Performance by a Child in Texas The term "sexual performance by a child" in Texas refers to any live or recorded performance or exhibition in which a child under the age of 18 engages in sexual conduct. According to Texas Penal Code Section 43. 25, sexual conduct includes activities such as sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, masturbation, and lewd exhibition of genitals or the female breast. This would include asking a child for an explcity "selfie" to a video and can be charged alongside offenses like online solicitation of a minor. It's important to point out that for Sexual Performance of a Child, a "child" is anyone under the age of 18, unlike many other criminal offenses where a child is defined as a person under the age of 17. Also note that this offense does not require any physical contact with the child. This law criminalizes the employment, authorization, or inducement of a child to engage in a sexual performance, aiming to protect minors from sexual exploitation. Definitions Under Penal Code Section 43. 25 Sexual Performance: This term refers to any performance or exhibition that involves a child under 18 years of age and includes sexual conduct, regardless of the medium through which the performance is exhibited (live, recorded, or public display). Sexual Conduct: Defined broadly, sexual conduct includes actual or simulated acts of sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sadomasochistic abuse, or any lewd exhibition of the genitals or female breast. Produce: In legal terms, to produce means to direct, promote, or make any arrangements necessary for the creation of a sexual performance involving a child. Promote: Promotion of a sexual performance involves distributing, disseminating, offering, displaying, or advertising material that includes a child’s sexual performance. Deviate Sexual Intercourse: This term refers to any contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another person. It also includes the penetration of the genitals or the anus of another person with an object. Offenses Covered by the Statute The statute criminalizes various actions related to the sexual exploitation of minors: Employing or Inducing a Child: It is an offense to employ, authorize, or induce a child to participate in any sexual performance or conduct. Consent by Parent or Guardian: Even a parent or guardian cannot consent to a child’s participation in a sexual performance. Doing so is considered a criminal offense. What is Sexual Performance? Sexual Performance is defined as “any performance or part thereof that includes sexual conduct by a child younger than 18 years of age. " Any adult who shares the depiction with another is also guilty of the offense. What is the Punishment Range for Sexual Performance of a Child in Texas? General Offense: If a person employs, authorizes, or induces a child to engage in a sexual performance, it is typically classified as a felony of the second degree. This carries a punishment range of 2 to 20 years in prison and can include a fine of... > Felony DWI charges in Texas often carry deadly weapon enhancements if the driving could have caused serious injury or death. Schedule a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/deadly-weapon/ Fort Worth DWI With A Deadly Weapon Charges In Couthren v. State, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals held a person accused of felony driving while intoxicated may only be charged with using a motor vehicle as a deadly weapon if the manner in which the defendant was driving could cause death or serious bodily injury. In this case, even though it involved an auto-pedestrian accident, the Court concluded that there was no evidence that the accident was caused by the defendant’s reckless or dangerous driving. In Texas, a person arrested for DWI who has two or more prior convictions for DWI will be charged with DWI – Felony Repetition, a third-degree felony. Deadly Weapon Enhancements In any felony where it is show that the defendant used or exhibited a deadly weapon, the trial court shall enter a deadly weapon finding in the judgment. A motor vehicle is not a deadly weapon, per se, but can be if it is used in a manner that is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. The Background of DWI Accidents Donald Ray Couthren II was convicted of driving while intoxicated – felony repetition after he got behind the wheel in the early morning hours of June 16, 2012, after drinking two “Four Loko” beverages. Couthren was driving on a frontage road, just outside of Bryan, Texas, when a pedestrian walking home from a nearby bar stepped out in front of his vehicle. The vehicle struck the pedestrian and his head went through the windshield. He suffered six broken ribs, a broken leg and possibly a concussion. Couthren put the unconscious pedestrian in his vehicle and drove to a nearby house where he was subsequently arrested. Reckless or Dangerous – Basis for Deadly Weapon Finding A finding that the vehicle was used in a manner that is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury is dependent on whether the defendant’s driving was reckless or dangerous. Reckless or dangerous driving has been demonstrated by speeding, disregarding traffic signs, failing to maintain control of vehicle, fishtailing, causing property damage with the vehicle, driving on the wrong side of the road, almost colliding with another vehicle, and failing to yield to traffic. This is a fact-sensitive inquiry based upon specific testimony and the record of evidence. Furthermore, the fact of a collision and intoxication alone will not support finding of a motor vehicle as a deadly weapon. Because this analysis is fact-sensitive, the court looked at two cases where the use of a motor vehicle in a DWI case satisfied the deadly weapon component to determine if the threshold was met in this case. In Sierra v. State, there was no witness testimony regarding the accident, however the police conducted a thorough on-scene investigation and could determine the speed at which the vehicle was going. The Court concluded that, under these facts, a jury could have reasonably found that the defendant was speeding and failed to maintain control of his vehicle. In Moore v.... > In Texas, intentionally or recklessly transmitting an STD or STI can constitute assault - and people have gone to prison for it. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/transmitting-an-std/ Can You Go To Jail For Transmitting An STD In Texas? Transmitting an STD or STI is not just a health matter in Texas, it can also be a crime — especially if it is incurable or life-threatening. For example, a number of people have been prosecuted — and received hefty prison terms — for intentionally or recklessly infecting someone with HIV/AIDS. What charges can stem from transmitting an STD? The most common charge for intentionally exposing someone to a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) or Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) is assault. In Texas, a person commits assault if they cause bodily injury or serious bodily injury to another. If the transmitted disease is HIV/AIDs, the charge could be upgraded to aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. According to the Texas Penal Code 22. 02, a deadly weapon is anything that can be used to cause death or serious bodily injury. There have been numerous prosecutions in which body fluids such as blood, saliva, and semen have been alleged as deadly weapons. Attempted murder is also a possible charge if someone knowingly exposes another person to a deadly disease in order to infect them. Additionally, is not uncommon for child sex crimes to be uncovered through sexually transmitted diseases. There are dozens of cases where someone was arrested and accused of sexual assault of a child after the child was found to have contracted an STD or STI. What is the potential punishment for transmitting an STD? Assault with bodily injury is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year and jail and a $4000 fine. Aggravated assault that causes serious bodily injury, or aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon that causes serious bodily injury to a family member or with whom the offender has dated or had an intimate relationship is a first-degree felony punishable up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Attempted murder is a second-degree felony punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. What are some examples of people who have been prosecuted for exposing or infecting someone with an STD? In a highly publicized trial in 2009 in Collin County, Philippe Padieu was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and sentenced to 45 years in prison for knowingly exposing multiple women to HIV. It was one of the first HIV-aggravated assault cases in Texas. In 2010, a 26-year-old Copperas Cove man was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon and sentenced to 15 years in prison for having unprotected sex with a 16-year-old boy without disclosing his HIV-positive status. In 2013, a Midland man was sentenced to 120 years in prison – two consecutive 60-year sentences – for knowingly transmitting the HIV virus to four women. In 2018, a married man was convicted of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon... > If you were charged with employment harmful to children in Fort Worth, call an experienced attorney at Varghese Summersett. Free consultation - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/employment/ Employment Harmful To Children In Fort Worth Texas regulates sexually-oriented businesses that offer services, devices, and other items intended to provide sexual stimulation or sexual gratification to their customers. Using more archaic language, the statute prohibits employment at "a massage establishment, nude studio, modeling studio, love parlor, or other similar commercial enterprise the primary business of which is the offering of a service that is intended to provide sexual stimulation or sexual gratification to the customer. ” Employment harmful to children in Fort Worth is also prohibited at these types of establishments. What is a "child? " “Child” is defined for purposes of this statute as persons younger than 18 years of age. What legal limitations are there on children? Children are not permitted to work in sexually-oriented businesses including strip clubs, most adult bookstores, or other similar commercial enterprises whose primary purpose is offering services intended to provide either sexual stimulation or sexual gratification to a customer. A person who employs a child, or authorizes the employment of a child, or induces a child to either engage in a sexually oriented commercial activity or at a place of business where they would be permitted to, asked to, or required to work nude or topless, violates the law against employment harmful to children. The word “nude” encompasses both being completely unclothed as well as being clothed in a manner that exposes any portion of the genitals, buttocks or, for females, any portion of the breast below the top of the areola. The word “topless” similarly includes uncovered breasts or breasts visible through less than fully opaque clothing below the top of the areola. See Penal Code Section 43. 251 for more information. What is the punishment for employment harmful to children? This offense is punishable based on the age of the child. For children younger than age 14, the offense is a felony in the first degree, with a five-year minimum prison sentence. For children over age 14 but younger than age 18, the offense is a felony in the second degree. This is punishable by a prison term of up to 20 years, with a two-year minimum prison sentence, as well as a fine of up to $10,000. Facing Charges for Employment Harmful to Children in Fort Worth Were you charged with employment harmful to children in Fort Worth? Reach out to our experienced legal team today to discuss how to best proceed. > If you have been charged with delivery of drugs to a child in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/delivery-to-a-child/ Delivery Of Drugs To A Child In Fort Worth Delivery of a Controlled Substance or Marijuana to a Child in Texas Providing drugs to a child, either by selling it or giving it to them, is a serious offense in the state of Texas. Drugs include, but are not limited to, controlled substances such as opiates, opium derivatives, cocaine, methamphetamine, LSD, hallucinogenic substances, and marijuana. How Can You Be Charged with Delivery of Drugs to a Child in Texas? There are two courses of conduct that may result in criminal charges. If an adult “delivers” (in other words, gives, sells, or otherwise provides) drugs to a child who is in school, this is criminal conduct. Alternatively, if the person provides drugs to another person who intends to deliver them to a child, they may also be criminally culpable. In this instance, the actor must either know or believe the middle man intends to deliver the drugs to a child. Are there any Defense to Delivery of Drugs to a Child in Texas? There are defenses to this crime. If the person delivering the drugs is not an adult, this is a defense to delivery of drugs to child although this is not a defense to any other charges that may include drug dealing. Additionally, if the person delivering drugs is under the age of 21, only provided marijuana in a small amount (less than one – fourth ounce) and did not sell the drugs to the child, or receive other compensation, this is a defense. There are also many non-statutory defenses including attacks on the investigation, credibility of witnesses, and the lab reports. What is the Punishment for Delivery of Drugs to a Child? Delivery of drugs to a child is an offense classified as a felony in the second degree. Felonies in the second degree are very serious, carrying penalties including a $10,000 fine, up to 20 years in prison, but not less than two years in prison, or both. Speak to An Attorney About Defending Charges for Delivery of Drugs to a Minor If you are being investigated for, or were charged with delivery of drugs to a child in Fort Worth, it's crucial to reach out to an experienced defense attorney for legal help with your case. For more information, please reference the Health and Safety Code 481. 122 > If you have been falsely accused of rape or sexual assault in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett for help. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/rape-accusation/ Falsely Accused of Rape or Sexual Assault in Fort Worth Stop and think about this for a second: How do you prove something did not happen? Proving a negative is often a hard thing to do. Now, what about proving that a rape or any sexual accusation - especially one involving a child - did not occur? Multiple studies suggest that 8 to 10 percent of accusations are completely fabricated. An experienced sexual assault defense attorney focuses on convincing prosecutors, grand juries, judges and trial juries to see the truth even though these cases are among the most difficult cases tried in the criminal justice system. A false accusation of a sex crime immediately changes lives. Everyday concerns go out the window as very real threats emerge to the accused's way of life. Just the accusation of a sexual crime jeopardizes careers, marriages, and reputations. More than any other type of crime, an accusation of sexual wrongdoing destroys an individual's life and reputation. The Texas Association Against Sexual Assault gives several reasons false accusations are made including: to hurt the accused; to benefit the accuser financially; to protect the accuser from ridicule; psychological problems. Additionally, accusations of sexual misconduct frequently come up in divorce or child custody cases, student-teacher relationships, employer-employee relationships and in any other context where the accuser may have a motive to lie. A juror’s gut reaction may be, "What motive would the accuser have to lie? " Of all the cases tried in a criminal court, sexual crimes are the most difficult charges for jurors to maintain the “innocent until proven guilty” presumption. False accusations of rape, sexual assault, or sex crimes involving children occur every day. The allegations may stem from "dating remorse" or a child being directed by another adult to make an untrue statement. Making a false report is too easy. Once a false report is made, the accuser often feels their only way out is to dig deeper into the lie. I'm innocent. Should I talk to the police? Past Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson once said: “Any lawyer worth salt will tell the suspect in no uncertain terms to make no statements to the police under any circumstances. ” While a person’s gut feeling may be that they have nothing to hide or that the “truth will set them free,” know that a statement to the police will never assist you - even if you have been falsely accused of rape. While statements against you will come into court – statements made against self-interest or self-serving statements will be kept out of court with a hearsay objection. In other words, a statement to the police can only hurt you. Do not fool yourself into thinking that telling the officer or detective the truth will help you get out of custody. It will not keep you from being arrested. This may seem obvious but before you consider talking to anyone - whether its a detective, CPS, or even a bondsman, you should... > What's the difference between DWI and DUI in Fort Worth? Call our experienced legal team today to learn the specifics of each charge and how we defend them. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-08-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/education-classes/ DWI Education Classes in Fort Worth "DWI Ed" or the DWI Education course is a 12-hour course that we often recommend our clients take as part of a battery of proactive steps they can take. (The other two most common steps are the Victim Impact Panel (VIP) and the Substance Abuse Evaluation. DWI Education Classes are standardized 12-hour courses. The DWI Education course covers topics ranging from the effects of alcohol on the human body to plans to avoid re-offending. There are also courses geared toward repeat offenders and more individualized needs. Where can I take DWI Ed? Have you been charged with Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) or another intoxication-related offense? A statutory condition of probation for Driving While Intoxicated is the DWI Education Program (often referred to as "DWI Ed"). This requirement is set forth in the Code of Criminal Procedure. Your attorney may also advise you to take this course even if you are not currently on probation for an intoxication-related offense. Where can I take SAE (Substance Abuse Evaluation)? You can complete a Substance Abuse Evaluation at any location that offers DWI Education. Where can I take the Victim Impact Panel? Mothers Against Drunk Driving puts on the VIP. You should be able to take VIP online. DWI Ed Class Locations in Texas Be sure to check with your attorney before you enroll in a course. While these are all the vendors approved by the State, you want to be sure your court will accept the vendor you want to work with. 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We can help. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/burglary-of-a-vehicle-lawyer/ Burglary of a Motor Vehicle Lawyer Burglary of a motor vehicle is a common offense in Tarrant County and throughout the state of Texas. When people think of car burglaries, they often think of smash-and-grabs – someone breaking a car window and taking off with a purse, bag or computer left in plain sight. However, it’s possible to be convicted of BMV even if nothing is taken at all. If you or a loved one is facing a burglary of a motor vehicle charge in Tarrant County, our team of experienced defense attorneys will advocate on your behalf and help you navigate the complex court system. Our firm is comprised of attorneys who have decades of experience – first as Tarrant county prosecutors and now as highly-skilled defense attorneys who will ensure you have the strongest defense possible. What is burglary of a vehicle in Texas? Burglary of a vehicle is defined in Texas Penal Code §30. 04 as breaking into or entering a vehicle with the intent to commit a felony or a theft without the owner’s consent. The prosecution must prove the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt to be convicted of Tarrant County burglary of a vehicle: Entry into the vehicle Intent to commit felony or theft Lack of effective consent Entry into the Vehicle: The prosecution must prove that a vehicle was entered as defined by Texas law. According to the Texas Penal Code, “enter” means to intrude any part of the body or any physical object connected with the body into the motor vehicle. Entry can only occur in the enclosed space in a motor vehicle. For example: Taking an item through a car’s open window or the bed of a pickup truck would be considered entry Taking a license plate would not be considered entry because it is not in an enclosed space, but rather is on the outside of the car Use of force is not necessary - opening an unlocked vehicle is sufficient for entry Intent to Commit a Felony or Theft: The prosecution must prove that the breaking into or entering happened in conjunction with the intent to commit a felony. In other words, it must have been simultaneous - meaning that the reason behind the entry must have been to commit a felony or theft. Lack of Effective Consent: The prosecution must prove that the vehicle owner did not give the defendant consent to enter his or her vehicle. If all three elements are not proven beyond a reasonable doubt, there's an excellent chance your Tarrant County burglary of a motor vehicle charge can be defeated by our experienced Tarrant County defense attorneys. What are the penalties for burglary of a motor vehicle? Burglary of a motor vehicle is a Class A misdemeanor, which means a person charged with this offense may face up to a year in jail and a $4000 fine. Committing BMV in order to steal drugs in punished harsher. The punishment can be enhanced if Tarrant... > Members of a far-right militia group are facing seditious conspiracy for the Capitol insurrection. Learn about this obscure federal charge. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/seditious-conspiracy/ What Is Seditious Conspiracy? Two North Texas men are among those who were charged with seditious conspiracy in connection with last year’s assault on the U. S. Capitol. Until recently, many people had never even heard of sedition charges. In this article, we will explain the offense and how the government is using this obscure law to prosecute a far-right militia group for their alleged involvement in the invasion of the U. S. Capitol. What is seditious conspiracy? Seditious conspiracy is a federal offense defined in 18 U. S. C. § 2384. It occurs when two or more people conspire to “overthrow, put down, or to destroy by force” the U. S. government, or to levy war against it, or to oppose by force and try to prevent, hinder or delay the execution of any law. What is the punishment for seditious conspiracy? Seditious conspiracy is punishable by up to 20 years in federal prison. How many people were charged with seditious conspiracy in the breach of the U. S. Capitol? Eleven members of the so-called “Oath Keepers” have been charged with seditious conspiracy related to the breach of the U. S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. Two of the men are from North Texas, including the leader of the group who lives in Granbury. The rest of the defendants are from various parts of the country, including Virginia, Florida, Georgia, and Ohio. The Oath Keepers have been described by local Texas media as a “revolution-minded, conspiracy-bent militia group. ” What are the allegations? The federal indictment alleges that, following the Nov. 3, 2020, presidential election, the Oath Keepers began conspiring how to overturn the election results and prepared for a siege by purchasing weapons and setting up battle plans. The FBI obtained encrypted communications among the Oath Keepers, including a message on Nov. 5 by the leader that read: “We aren’t getting through this without a civil war. Too late for that. Prepare your mind, body, spirit. ” He also allegedly wrote in one text “to scare the s—out of” Congress. On Jan. 6, the indictment alleges, they entered the Capitol building with the large crowds of rioters who stormed past police barriers, smashed windows and rammed doors, injuring dozens of officers and sending lawmakers scrambling. The indictment against the leader alleges the Oath Keepers formed two teams, or “stacks,” that entered the Capitol. The first stack split up inside the building to go after the House and Senate. The second stack confronted officers inside the Capitol Rotunda, the indictment said. Outside Washington, the indictment alleges, the Oath Keepers had stationed two “quick reaction forces” that had guns “in support of their plot to stop the lawful transfer of power. ” Interestingly, the leader did not enter the Capitol that day but is accused of putting the violent plan into motion. How often is seditious conspiracy charged? Seditious conspiracy charges are rare and hard to prove. According to news reports, the last time prosecutors brought sedition charges was in... > Possession of a controlled substance in Texas can be a felony or misdemeanor based on the penalty group and amount. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/possession/ Possession Of A Controlled Substance In Texas | Fort Worth Possession Defense Possession of a Controlled Substance and Penalty Groups in Texas The punishment for drug possession in Texas depends on which penalty group the drug falls into and the quantity of the drugs. There are nine drug penalty groups under Texas law (PG1, PG1-A, PG1-B, PG-2, PG-2A, PG-3, PG-4, Dangerous Drugs and Marijuana). Drugs are categorized according to their addictive nature and whether they have any accepted medical purpose (as determined by the legislature, at least. ) Drug Possession in Texas Drug possession charges are extremely common in Texas, but not all drugs are treated equally. Possessing four grams of methamphetamine, for example, is punished much more harshly than possessing a marijuana joint. That's because all controlled substances fall into penalty groups in Texas, with Penalty Group 1 being the most addictive and dangerous. Methamphetamine is in Penalty Group 1, along with crack and heroin. Marijuana — which, yes, is still illegal in Texas — is in its own, less serious penalty group. Even though some penalty groups carry harsher penalties, it's important to realize that all Fort Worth drug possession charges can negatively impact your life, resulting in jail time, fines, license suspensions, and a criminal record. Here's a look at the penalty groups in Texas and some answers to frequently asked questions. What is a Controlled Substance in Texas? A controlled substance is a drug or chemical whose use and distribution is tightly controlled because of its abuse potential or risk. This can include illicit drugs or prescription medications. What is Possession of a Controlled Substance in Texas? Under Chapter 481 of the Texas Health and Safety Code - also known as the Texas Controlled Substances Act - an individual can be charged with possession of a controlled substance if he or she knowingly or intentionally possess any of the substances listed in the penalty groups without a valid prescription from a doctor, including drugs, dangerous drugs, chemicals, narcotics, stimulants, prescription pills, medications, synthetic substances and natural substances. Juveniles are often charged with drug offenses in Texas. Meet our juvenile law specialist. If your case is in Dallas, visit our Dallas Drug Defense page. How are Drugs Classified in Texas? Controlled substances are classified into penalty groups, which are based on the legislature’s beliefs about risks of abuse and whether or not there are accepted medical uses for a drug. Drugs are categorized into Penalty Group 1, 1-A, 1-B (new), 2, 2-A, 3, and 4. Marijuana is in its own separate category, with its own penalties. Before we go into detail about the various penalty groups for drugs in Texas, here's a general overview of the penalty groups: PG1 - Opiates, cocaine, meth, GHB, fentanyl, and ketamine. PG1A - LSD PG1B - Fentanyl PG2 - Hallucinogens, including THC, central nervous system depressants PG2-A - Synthetic marijuana/cannabinoids PG3 - Stimulants and depressants like Ritalin, benzos, Xanax PG4 - Narcotics that include codeine and morphine but have medical value... > What is criminally negligent homicide? What is the difference between criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter in Texas? - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-homicide-lawyer/criminally-negligent/ Criminally Negligent Homicide in Fort Worth Criminally negligent homicide takes a typically civil concept - negligence - and uses it to hold a person criminally responsible for the death of another. Criminally negligent homicide in Fort Worth occurs when a person causes the death of another by acting negligently in a manner that was a gross deviation from what a reasonable person would have done. What is Criminal Negligence? A person acts with criminal negligence, or is criminally negligent, with respect to the result of his conduct when he or she ought to be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint. How is Reckless Defined? A person acts recklessly, or is reckless, with respect to the result of his conduct when he or she is aware of but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that its disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint. What's the Difference between Criminally Negligent Homicide and Manslaughter? Let's use this example to distinguish between criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter in Texas. Imagine a man driving his vehicle on nearly bald tires is unable to stop in time to avoid hitting another vehicle and kills another driver. There will certainly be a strong argument that he should have been aware that driving on bald tires was a taking a substantial and unjustifiable risk that he could cause the death of another. Now let's build on the example and imagine the driver failed a state inspection and knows he needs to replace his tires, and then is involved in a traffic accident where he is unable to stop in time and causes the death of another. Here, the State will be able to allege that he was aware of but consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk that caused the death of another. These facts might rise to the level of manslaughter in Texas. Learn more about manslaughter in Texas. What is the Punishment for Criminally Negligent Homicide in Texas? Criminally negligent homicide is a state jail felony, which is punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. What is the Statute of Limitations for Criminally Negligent Homicide in Texas? The statute of limitations is three years in Texas. Criminally Negligent Homicide Defense Because the potential punishments for criminally negligent homicide can be severe, it's important to contact a skilled defense attorney as soon as possible. We can help. We have decades of experience and a proven record of success. Learn more: Harris County Criminal Defense... > Federal illegal reentry can carry significant penalties in Fort Worth. To learn more about your legal options if you are facing charges, call us today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/illegal-reentry/ Federal Illegal Reentry in Fort Worth The debate regarding the scope of legal immigration to the United States has existed for decades. It is a political hotbed. Arguments for and against expanding or retracting immigration seem to permeate the political landscape of this country. While the public discourse ebbs and flows, federal courts have adjudicated a myriad of criminal cases where people have been shown to re-enter the U. S. after being deported and face illegal reentry charges. While it is common knowledge that persons who enter the United States illegally can be deported, it is also important to recognize that persons who have been previously deported may, if found in the United States after their deportation, be federally prosecuted. 8 USC 1326 prohibits a person who has “been denied admission, excluded, deported, or removed” to then “enter, attempt to enter, or any time be found in the United States. ” Challenges to Charges Successful prosecution of illegal reentry charges depends on the government's ability to prove the original deportation was valid. If the immigration judge did not inform you of your right to stay in the country, if such a provision applied, the prior deportation order may be invalid. Depending on the circumstances, we may order the transcript of your immigration file (also known as Alien File) and transcripts of court proceedings to determine if your prior deportation order was valid. Similarly, if the prior deportation did not follow proper procedures, we might be able to negotiate a lesser charge. When we order an Alien File or A-File we look for: Prior statements to authorities. Removal orders and Notices to Appear (NTA's) or Orders to Show Cause (OSC). Documents relating to criminal history. I-205 warrant of removal. Any previous immigration applications the person may have filed, Prior legal status the person may have had. We also analyze the case for a Lopez-Mendoza collateral attack which has three steps: The deportation proceeding must have been "fundamentally unfair. " The alien was deprived of judicial review; and The defect must have prejudiced the alien, depriving him of what would otherwise have been a reasonable likelihood of avoiding removal. Statutory Penalty Range The overall penalty is a federal felony that can carry anywhere up to 20 years prison depending upon certain circumstances. It is also important to recognize that this prison term does not eradicate a separate deportation consequence. That is, upon completion of the prison sentence, the prisoner is then deported. A person who has been deported in the past is subject to a sentence of up to 2 years. However, if the deportation was due to a criminal conviction, that sentence can be as high as 20 years. The length of sentence typically has to do with the criminal history of the defendant. If a defendant has committed 3 or more misdemeanors involving drugs or a crime against a person, or a felony, that person is subject to an imprisonment range of 0-10 years. Further, if a defendant has reentered... > If you have been charged with assault public servant in Texas or assault on a peace officer, give us a call. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-public-servant/ Assault Public Servant Texas What Constitutes Assault Public Servant? Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01(a)-(b), a person commits assault on a public servant when they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to an individual they know is a public servant engaged in the lawful discharge of an official duty, or in retaliation for the exercise of official power. This definition expands on the broader legal framework where a person commits assault by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another, including threats of imminent harm, with specific provisions for offenses against public servants. In other words, assault on a public official or servant is an assault charge with two additional elements: knowing the person is a public servant and while the public servant was lawfully discharging an official duty. What is the Punishment for Assaulting a Public Servant? Assault on a Public Servant is a third degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison. Additionally, if the offense is committed in a civil commitment facility, it is considered a third degree felony, highlighting the severity of such actions within these settings. A fine of up to $10,000 can also be imposed. The statute of limitations for this charge is three years in Texas. Assault on a Peace Officer: Scottie Scheffler As an Example https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=vX0DEYNAOsU Presumption of Knowledge Penal Code Section 22. 01(d) creates a presumption that the actor knew the person assaulted was a public servant if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person’s employment as a public servant or status as a security officer, emergency services personnel, including emergency medical services personnel and emergency room personnel. This encompasses individuals who provide critical services for the benefit of the general public during emergency situations, specifically highlighting the roles of those in medical emergencies and in the emergency room, underlining their protection under the law. Who is a Public Servant? A public servant is a person who is employed, appointed, or elected as a: A police officer; Police officers; An employee of the government; An agent of the government; A juror or grand juror; An attorney performing a government function; A candidate for public office; etc. Hospital personnel (TX SB840, effective Sept. 1, 2023) The distinctive uniform or badge they wear indicates their employment as a public servant. Watch this Review from a Varghese Summersett Client: https://www. youtube. com/embed/vKhXn-9SI8U What is Aggravated Assault against a Public Servant? If the assault against a public servant or government official causes serious bodily injury or involved the use or exhibition of a deadly weapon, the offense becomes Aggravated Assault on a Public Servant. This charge is a first degree felony in Texas, punishable by up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. What is the Statute of Limitations for Assaulting a Public Servant? The statute of limitations for assaulting a public servant is three years in Texas. What is Harassment of a Public Servant? Harassment of a public servant... > Shock probation in Texas: Are you eligible to have your prison sentence changed to probation? In certain cases, it can happen. Find out how. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/shock-probation-in-texas/ Shock Probation In Texas What is shock probation? In the simplest terms, shock probation is a way to convert a prison sentence to probation. Shock probation or shock “community supervision” is an alternate type of sentencing or early-release program in the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. Shock probation allows a judge to send a defendant to prison or jail for a short period of time, and after that stint is served, put the defendant on probation. The hope is that serving a brief time behind bars will “shock” the defendant into resuming life as a law-abiding citizen. Shock probation was designed to address overcrowding issues in jails and reward certain defendants for good behavior. It can be a good option for defendants who are unlikely to be repeat offenders. Shock probation is found here in Article 42A. 202 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure (previously it was in Article 42. 12 Section 6(a)). Who is eligible for shock probation? A defendant who was eligible for probation and received a sentence of 10 years or less may apply for shock probation. The application and decision of the court must occur before the individual has been in custody for six months. The trial court loses jurisdiction after six months. Additionally, a person is only eligible: if a judge believes the defendant would not benefit from further imprisonment, the defendant is otherwise eligible for probation, and the defendant has not been previously incarcerated for a felony. A judge will review jail records to ensure the defendant did not have any disciplinary problems while in jail. Shock probation is ideal for defendants who have little to no risk of becoming a repeat offender. Again, the theory is that by giving the defendant a brief taste of jail or prison, he or she will be “shocked” into leading a non-criminal lifestyle. A requirement of shock probation is that the defendant is eligible for probation. These offenses are not eligible for probation: here. How is a defendant put on shock probation? Shock probation is granted by the judge who originally sentenced the defendant to jail time – and it must be within 180 days of the original sentencing. The defendant, prosecutors, or judge can make a motion to place the defendant on shock probation. If the motion is made by the defense, it must be made in writing. If granted, the defendant is released from jail after the temporary period is served, and put on regular probation. Again, whoever applies for shock probation, must do so within six months of sentencing. A judge can deny a request for shock probation without holding a hearing. A judge may not, however, grant shock probation without a hearing. At the hearing, the defendant and attorney for the state must be given an opportunity to present evidence in support or opposition of the request. What happens if conditions of shock probation are violated? If a defendant violates any condition of shock probation, a hearing is held to determine if... > Arrested for drug possession in Fort Worth? Our Board Certified drug lawyers defend possession of a controlled substance charges in Tarrant County. Call now. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/ Fort Worth Drug Lawyer | Possession of a Controlled Substance & Drug Charges Defense If you have been arrested for possession of a controlled substance or any other drug charge in Fort Worth, you are facing some of the harshest penalties in the country — including the very real possibility of a felony conviction and prison time. Tarrant County prosecutors aggressively pursue drug charges, and even a small amount of cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, fentanyl, or ecstasy can land you in state prison. You need a Fort Worth drug lawyer who knows Tarrant County courts, knows the science of drug cases, and knows how to win. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth criminal defense lawyers have defended thousands of drug cases across the spectrum — from a college student caught with a single Xanax to multi-kilo trafficking organizations facing federal indictment. We are former prosecutors and Board Certified Criminal Law specialists who fight to suppress evidence, dismiss charges, and protect your record. Drug Charges in Fort Worth: What You Need to Know Drug charges in Fort Worth are prosecuted under the Texas Controlled Substances Act, codified in Chapter 481 of the Texas Health & Safety Code. Texas divides controlled substances into seven categories — Penalty Groups 1, 1-A, 1-B, 2, 2-A, 3, and 4 — plus a separate scheme for marijuana. The penalty group, the weight (including adulterants and dilutants), and the alleged conduct (possession vs. manufacture/delivery) determine the offense level. The most common drug charges filed in Tarrant County include: Possession of a Controlled Substance — knowingly having a drug under your custody or control Manufacture or Delivery of a Controlled Substance — producing, distributing, or selling drugs Possession of Drug Paraphernalia — pipes, scales, baggies, syringes used with drugs Possession of Marijuana — including edibles, vapes, and concentrates Delivery of Marijuana Delivery to a Child — first-degree felony regardless of substance Drug-Free Zone offenses — enhanced penalties near schools, parks, and youth centers What Is Possession of a Controlled Substance in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 1. 07, "possession" means actual care, custody, control, or management of a substance. To convict you, prosecutors must prove three things beyond a reasonable doubt: You knowingly or intentionally possessed the substance — accidental or unknowing possession is a defense. The substance is a controlled substance in one of the penalty groups — proven through lab testing. You exercised care, custody, control, or management over the drug — mere presence near drugs is not enough. This third element — often called affirmative links — is where many possession of a controlled substance cases are won. If drugs are found in a shared car, a friend's apartment, or a hotel room with multiple people, the State must link the drugs to you specifically. Our Fort Worth drug lawyers know the affirmative links analysis under Evans v. State and use it to attack weak cases. The Texas Penalty Groups Explained Texas drug law starts with one question: which penalty group is the substance in?... > Anna Summersett is a partner at Varghese Summersett and a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist. She handled thousands of cases, from DWI to murder. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/anna-summersett/ Anna Summersett Anna Summersett is a founding partner at Varghese Summersett, where she helps manage the business side of the firm. She is also a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist and an experienced trial lawyer. Anna has handled thousands of criminal cases and tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, ranging from DWI to capital murder. Prior to going into private practice as a criminal defense attorney, Anna served as a prosecutor for the Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney’s Office and the Cameron County District Attorney’s Office. Anna handles criminal cases from post-arrest investigations to jury trials. She is also a highly regarded DWI lawyer who excels in jury trial and plea negotiations. In 2023, Anna was named a Forty Under Forty by the Fort Worth Business Press, an annual list that recognizes 40 honorees, all under age 40, who are helping to shape Fort Worth’s future through their professional accomplishments and community involvement. She has also been a finalist in Fort Worth Inc. Magazine’s Entrepreneur of Excellence Awards, which recognizes and honors entrepreneurial owners of private companies in the Fort Worth area. Under the leadership of Anna and her husband, Benson Varghese, who is the managing partner of the firm, Varghese Summersett has achieved has achieved significant milestones, including thrice being named as one of the fastest-growing businesses in the America by Inc. 5000 magazine; a Small Business of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber; a best company to work for by Fort Worth Inc. for three consecutive years; and a "Best Place for Working Parents" by the city of Fort Worth. Areas Of Practice State Criminal Defense Homicides Felonies Misdemeanors Sex Crimes DWI & Drug Defense Bar Admissions Texas U. S. District Court, Northern District of Texas United States Supreme Court Philanthropy Habitat for Humanity, Ambassador WORTH, Founding Member Texas A&M Law School Alumni Board of Directors, Member Women’s United Steering Committee, Member Eldon Mahon Inn of Courts, Barrister FUMC Dayschool Board, Member Past Employment Positions Assistant District Attorney, Cameron County District Attorney’s Office, 2009-2010 Assistant District Attorney, Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office 2010-2014 Board Certification Criminal Law 2014 Education Baylor University (B. A. ) Texas Wesleyan University School of Law (J. D. ) Memberships, Honors, And Awards Rising Star, AML | Law. com Texas Legal Awards, 2024 Fort Worth Woman of the Month, Fort Worth Woman Magazine, 2024 Texas A&M Law School Alumni Board of Directors, Texas A&M University School of Law, 2024, 2025 Top Attorney, Southlake Style, 2024, 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence, Finalist, Fort Worth Inc. , 2019 & 2023 Fellow of the Texas Bar Foundation, Elected 2023 Top Forty Under Forty, Fort Worth Business Press, 2023 Top Women Attorneys in Texas, Texas Monthly Magazine, 2023 Top Texas Women Rising Stars, Super Lawyers, 2019 Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2017- Present Texas Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2016 – Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2016- Present Top 10 Under 40, National Academy of Criminal Defense, 2016 Litigation Counsel of America, Fellow Tarrant County Bar... > Engaging in organized crime in Fort Worth is a criminal charge that can be used to enhance the possible punishment for an offense significantly. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-09-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/organized-crime/ Engaging In Organized Crime Engaging in organized crime in Texas refers to participating in activities that involve three or more persons collaborating to commit certain criminal offenses. This definition is based on the Texas Penal Code, specifically the “Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity” statute. The law aims to combat the collaboration of individuals in committing crimes, which typically includes but is not limited to activities such as drug trafficking, illegal gambling, theft, and murder. Engaging in Organized Crime, Generally Engaging in Organized Crime in Fort Worth is laid out in Section 71. 02 of the Penal Code. Depending on the criminal activity that is alleged, this offense can be alleged as a State Jail Felony all the up to a capital felony offense in Texas. Generally, these cases allege that the individual accused, with the intent to establish, maintain or participate in the profits of a combination or as a member of a criminal street gang, committed a particular offense. There are currently over 3,300 individuals in Texas prisons after being convicted of this offense, 92% of whom are men. What Is A Combination? “Combination” means three or more persons who collaborate in carrying on criminal activities. The criminal activity must involve three or more persons. This means an individual can be charged with this offense if they work with at least two others to commit a crime. What Are Profits? “Profits” means property constituting or derived from any proceeds obtained, directly or indirectly, from an offense listed in Section 71. 02. https://youtu. be/IJpD4JM_KFo What Is A Criminal Street Gang? “Criminal street gang” means three or more persons having a common identifying sign or symbol or an identifiable leadership who continuously or regularly associate in the commission of criminal activities. What offenses can be enhanced as Engaging in Organized Crime? The specific offenses that can constitute engaging in organized criminal activity include, but are not limited to: Assaultive Offenses: This includes serious bodily injury to another, aggravated assault, and sexual assault. Murder and Manslaughter: Homicide offenses fall under this category. Kidnapping and Unlawful Restraint: These crimes involve illegally seizing and detaining a person. Robbery: This includes both robbery and aggravated robbery. Arson: Illegally burning or bombing property. Burglary and Criminal Trespass: Unauthorized entry into a building or property with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault. Theft and Related Offenses: This includes theft, aggravated theft, and receiving or concealing stolen property. Controlled Substance Offenses: Manufacturing, delivering, or possessing with intent to deliver controlled substances. Drug trafficking often falls under this category. Illegal Gambling: Organizing or participating in earnings from gambling activities. Prostitution and Related Offenses: This includes promotion of prostitution, aggravated promotion of prostitution, and compelling prostitution. Weapons Offenses: Unlawful manufacture, transport, repair, or sale of firearms or prohibited weapons. Money Laundering: The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money. Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse: Illegal use of credit or debit cards or the information thereof. Forgery and Fraudulent Practices: This includes forging checks, documents,... > Texas Penal Code Section 12.44 allows a state jail felony to be punished as a misdemeanor. Learn the difference between 12.44(a) and 12.44(b). - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-11-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/state-jail-felonies/ Understanding State Jail Felonies and State Jail Felony Reductions in Texas If you've been charged with a state jail felony in Texas, you may have heard about a "12. 44 reduction. " This legal provision can mean the difference between serving time in a state jail facility and receiving misdemeanor-level punishment. Here's everything you need to know about Section 12. 44 of the Texas Penal Code and how it can affect your case. What Is a 12. 44 in Texas? What Is a State Jail Felony in Texas? In 1993, the Texas Legislature created a fourth category of felony offenses called state jail felonies. These are the lowest level of felony charges in Texas and typically involve low-level property crimes or drug offenses. State Jail Felony Punishment A state jail felony in Texas carries the following penalties: Confinement: 180 days (6 months) to 2 years in a state jail facility Fine: Up to $10,000 No early release: Sentences must be served day-for-day with no good time credit or parole eligibility Common State Jail Felonies in Texas Examples of state jail felonies include: Theft of property valued between $2,500 and $30,000 Possession of less than one gram of certain controlled substances Credit card abuse Forgery Criminal mischief causing $2,500-$30,000 in damage DWI with child passenger (first offense) Burglary of a vehicle Why State Jail Felonies Are Different State jail facilities are lower-security, lower-cost institutions designed to separate low-level offenders from those convicted of more serious first, second, or third-degree felonies. However, the requirement to serve sentences day-for-day makes state jail time particularly burdensome. This is why Section 12. 44 reductions are so valuable to defendants. What Is a 12. 44(a) Reduction in Texas? Section 12. 44(a) of the Texas Penal Code allows a judge to reduce the punishment for a state jail felony to Class A misdemeanor-level sentencing. This is one of the most important provisions in Texas criminal law for defendants facing state jail felony charges. How Does a 12. 44(a) Work? Under Section 12. 44(a), a judge may reduce punishment if they determine it's in the best interest of justice after considering: The gravity and circumstances of the offense The defendant's criminal history The defendant's character The defendant's rehabilitative needs Key Features of a 12. 44(a) Reduction No prosecutor consent required: The judge can grant this reduction without the district attorney's approval Sentencing options: Up to 1 year in county jail OR up to 2 years of probation Still a felony conviction: While the punishment is reduced, the conviction remains a felony on your record Good time credit available: Unlike state jail time, county jail time can earn good conduct credits Can be used for enhancement: The conviction can still be used to enhance future felony charges Benefits of a 12. 44(a) A 12. 44(a) reduction offers several advantages: Avoid state jail: County jail conditions are generally considered less harsh than state jail facilities Stay closer to home: County jails keep you near family and support systems Earn good... > Facing a charge of evading arrest in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with a Collin County evading arrest lawyer today. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/evading-arrest/ Collin County Evading Arrest Lawyer Running from the cops in Collin County usually doesn’t end well, especially if you are fleeing because you have drugs or drug paraphernalia in your vehicle or on your person. The punishment for evading arrest is often more severe than drug possession. Not to mention, accidents and injury often stem from police chases. Police and prosecutors don’t take evading arrest cases lightly in Collin County, and they will do everything to secure a conviction. That’s why it’s imperative to retain a seasoned and savvy Collin County evading arrest lawyer if you have been accused of this offense. Collin County Evading Arrest Lawyer, Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper, Carrollton and Surrounding Areas The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have decades of experience handling evading arrest and detention cases, first as prosecutors and now as highly skilled criminal defense lawyers. We will work to build a solid defense strategy and get the best possible outcome for your case. In this article, we explain evading arrest and detention in Texas, including the law, the punishment and possible defenses. What is evading arrest and detention in Texas? In Texas, there are two types of evading arrest and detention: Evading arrest or detention by fleeing on foot; and Evading arrest or detention in a vehicle or watercraft. Under Texas Penal Code 38. 04, a person commits evading on foot or in a vehicle if he or she intentionally flees from a person he or she knows is a peace officer or federal special investigator attempting to arrest or detain them lawfully. For prosecutors to convict someone of evading arrest or detention on foot or in a vehicle or watercraft, they must prove four elements at the time of the incident: the defendant was acting intentionally; the defendant fled; the defendant knew he was fleeing from an officer; and the officer was attempting to detain or arrest the defendant lawfully. If the prosecutors cannot prove these four elements beyond a reasonable doubt, an experienced Collin County evading arrest lawyer can beat the charge. What is the punishment for evading arrest on foot in Collin County? Although the elements are the same for evading on foot and in a vehicle, the punishment is different. We will look at evading arrest on foot first. Depending on the circumstances, evading arrest on foot can be a misdemeanor or felony. Evading arrest on foot (first offense) is a Class A Misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Evading arrest on foot with a previous conviction is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,0000 fine. What is the punishment for evading arrest in a vehicle or watercraft in Collin County? The punishment for evading arrest in a vehicle or watercraft is harsher than the punishment for evading on foot. Evading arrest in a vehicle or watercraft (first offense) is a state jail felony, punishable by six months... > People accused of sex crimes may be asked by their attorney to take a psychosexual evaluation. Find out how it could aid in their defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/psychosexual-evaluations/ Psychosexual Evaluations: What To Expect When an accusation of a sexual nature is made – anything from online solicitation of a minor to sexual assault or even continuous sexual assault – we often consider whether completing a psychosexual examination would be beneficial for our client. When a defense attorney refers a client to complete a psychosexual examination, the attorney will take steps to ensure whatever is discussed at the evaluation is protected by attorney-client privilege (unlike psychosexual examinations that are court-ordered). In other words, the results of a psychosexual examination conducted under attorney-client privilege are only shared with the prosecution or the court – if the defense attorney wishes to do so. If for some reason a psychosexual examination is not favorable, the attorney may use it instead to assist the client in getting counseling, which again may positively effect the ultimate outcome of the case. A lot of thought goes into whether a person should undergo a psychosexual examination, and how the results might benefit a client. For instance, it may be used to show that a client does not have a predilection to be attracted to children. It may be used to show the accused has never been a “hands-on” offender. It might be used to show the person is a good candidate for rehabilitation and probation – which can cut significantly against arguments that a prison sentence is appropriate. What Are Psychosexual Evaluations? A psychosexual evaluation is a battery of examinations that uses scientific methods to evaluate a person’s psychological and sexual functioning. The psychosexual examination evaluates sexual interests to see if there is a deviation from generally accepted sexual behavior, which could be considered abnormal, and if acted-upon, illegal. Examples of such behavior includes an attraction to minors, family members, and nonconsensual sex. The evaluation also helps provide information about an individual’s risk of re-offending and what treatment might be most effective. Psychosexual evaluations are administered to both juveniles and adults and used in both criminal and civil courtrooms. Other than being used by proactive defense attorneys in criminal cases, evaluations can also be ordered by a judge as a condition of an open plea or after a plea as a condition of probation. Psychosexual examinations are generally administered by mental health professionals, and in some cases evaluations are conducted by probation employees. What Do Psychosexual Evaluations Entail? Psychosexual evaluations are typically, but not always, divided into four sections: a clinical interview, psychometric tests, a psychological assessment of sexual arousal, and a risk assessment. The clinical interview serves as an ice breaker between the evaluator and the client. The evaluator will ask questions regarding the client’s family history, educational background, any mental health concerns, and intimate relationship history, among other things. The client will discuss the allegations and the evaluator will take notes on his or her initial impressions and any observations regarding the client. In some cases, clinical interviews will also be performed between the evaluator and a client’s family members. The psychometric tests include:... > It's a federal crime for anyone with a felony conviction to carry or possess a gun of any kind. Learn about felon in possession of firearm. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/felon-possession-firearm/ Felon In Possession Of Firearm | Federal Criminal Defense If you are convicted of a felony in the United States, you automatically lose a number of valuable rights: the right to vote, the right to sit on a jury, and the right to bear arms. In Texas, that last one is especially hard for some to accept. We love our guns in the Lone Star State, and many people don’t want to give them up after a felony conviction. The problem is, it’s a federal crime if you don’t. In this article, we are going to discuss the federal crime and consequences of being a felon in possession of a firearm, and how our team defends federal felon with firearms charges. What is Felon in Possession of Firearm – 18USC922(g)? Under federal law, specifically 18 USC 922(g), it is illegal for a person with a felony conviction to carry or possess a gun of any kind. This offense is referred to as a Felon in Possession of Firearm, or a FPF charge. They are also called felony gun cases. Possession of gun suppressors, or “silencers,” and other explosive materials are also outlawed under the same section. The purpose and aim of this statute is fairly clear. Congress, as well as the United States Sentencing Commission, believes that felons have a lower capacity to use guns responsibly and their possession of guns represents a heightened threat to public safety. This statute is used often in federal courts. What is the punishment for a federal conviction for being a felon in possession of a firearm? A federal conviction for being a felon in possession of a firearm is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. What underlying felonies qualify for felon in possession of firearm? Any offense that carries more than one year of potential incarceration, regardless of whether it’s a state or federal crime, qualifies as a felony for FPF cases. For example, burglary of a building is a state jail offense in Texas that carries imprisonment of up to two years in a state jail facility. Since it is classified in Texas as a felony and carries a potential of more than one year imprisonment, this offense would qualify as an underlying felony for an FPF case. Alternatively, many states outlaw making terroristic threats, which are threats of serious harm without an accompanying weapon being present. In many states, these crimes are treated as misdemeanors. They often don’t carry a year imprisonment range and are not considered felonies in their state of prosecution. A conviction for this type of offense would not qualify as an underlying conviction for an FPF case. Underlying felonies in FPF cases are also sometimes referred to as ‘predicate felony. ’ It should be noted that 922(g) does not require a particular state to characterize an offense as a felony for it to be a viable predicate in FPF cases. However, most states reserve the term felony for offenses that carry... > Texas parents are usually shocked to hear about the ability for police interrogate a minor. Here's what you need to know about child interrogations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/police-interrogate-a-minor/ When Can Police Interrogate a Minor? Let’s face it. Kids don’t always make the best choices and, sometimes, they get caught up in bad situations. Maybe they witnessed a crime or are suspected of committing one themselves. So what happens when police want to talk to a minor regarding a crime or criminal investigation? In this blog post, we discuss juvenile rights and what happens (or should happen) when police question a child or take them into custody. But first, please watch this video by Board Certified Juvenile Attorney Lisa Herrick. What is a Juvenile in Texas? First, let’s start with the basics. In Texas, a juvenile is defined as a person who is at least 10 years old but not yet 17. Youth between these ages are handled by the juvenile justice system, and there are very specific rules and rights when it comes to interrogations and arrests. Can Police Interrogate a Minor without Parental Consent in Texas? Most people believe police can’t question a child without the consent of his or her parents. This is a misconception. In Texas, police officers are allowed to question a child without parental consent or prior permission as long as the questioning is done in a non-custodial setting. In other words, as long as the child is not in handcuffs, detained, or in custody, police can approach them and question them without parental knowledge. So, for example, if a police officer shows up outside the youth’s school and wants to talk – and the child willingly answers the officer’s questions – the parents may not even find out about it if their child doesn’t tell them. That’s a scary thought for most parents. In fact, most conversations with the police take place at school with absolutely no notice to the parents. It’s also important to note that, in this type of setting, police also do not have to give the juvenile their Miranda warnings. Can CPS Question a Child without Parental Consent in Texas? Employees of the Department of Family and Protective Services – often referred to as “CPS” – are routinely given access to students. And yes, they can and will question or interrogate students without a parent’s knowledge. Can My Child Refuse to Answer the Officer’s Questions? Yes – and they should. If a youth is approached by a police officer who wants to talk, the child should tell the officer that they want a parent or a lawyer (or both) and then remain silent. At that point, the officer must stop asking questions and allow the child to contact a parent or guardian. Unfortunately, most children don’t know their rights or are too scared to assert them. This is one of the reasons why it’s so important for parents to educate their kids on what to do if they’re ever approached by police. What Specifically Should my Child Say to Stop Questioning? It’s important for your child to be polite and respectful at all times. However, a child should... > Official oppression charges in Texas occur when people in power use their position to benefit themselves or harm another. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/official-oppression/ Official Oppression: Misusing Or Abusing Authority In Texas Our society entrusts police officers and public officials with a great deal of authority. To ensure they wield their power responsibly, Texas has made it a crime – called official oppression – for a public servant to use their office or position to benefit themselves or to harm another. Examples of official impression might include an officer who lets a suspect go in exchange for a sexual favor, or a prison guard who beats or uses excessive force on a handcuffed inmate. Official oppression charges can also apply to judges, politicians, prosecutors – people in positions of power. What is Official Oppression? Official oppression is codified in Texas Penal Code § 39. 03. The statute states that “A public servant acting under color of his office or employment commits an offense if he” does one of the following: (1) intentionally subjects another to mistreatment or to arrest, detention, search, seizure, dispossession, assessment, or lien that he knows is unlawful; (2) intentionally denies or impedes another in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, power, or immunity, knowing his conduct is unlawful; or (3) intentionally subjects another to sexual harassment How is official oppression prosecuted? When drafting this law, Texas legislators wanted to give police, prosecutors, judges, and other public officials enough leeway to fulfill their duties without constant fear of being prosecuted. There are two elements of subsection 1 and 2 that can make prosecution especially difficult: The official’s actions must be done “intentionally” and he or she must know what they are doing is “unlawful. ” In this context, intentionally means that the conduct or the result of the conduct was the conscious objective or desire of the official and not simply a byproduct. Additionally, these subsections require that the defendant knows that their actions were against the law. This begs the question, Why does the official have to know that their conduct is against the law — when ignorance of the law is no excuse for breaking it? For example, officers often act with imperfect knowledge of the law and may, at times, intentionally arrest, detain, or search someone unlawfully, but at the time they were acting in good-faith and did not believe their actions were unlawful. The law does not want to make those activities criminal under this statute. Instead, the law wants to ensure that those who are convicted knew what they were doing was wrong and they did it anyway. What are the most common defenses for official oppression? The most common defense for official oppression is that the officer or official was acting in good-faith and they thought their actions were legal at the time. With “intentionally” and “knowingly unlawful” coupled together, only the most egregious offenses can be successfully prosecuted without the official confessing to their intent or knowledge. An example of the difficulty this statue presents for prosecutors is the case of Ross v. State, 543 S. W. 3d 227 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018). In this... > To avoid bond revocations and forfeitures in Fort Worth, schedule a free consultation with the experienced lawyers at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds-lawyer/forfeiture/ Bond Revocations And Forfeitures In Fort Worth Bail Bonds in Texas When someone is arrested for a crime in Texas, a judge will set their bail and, under most circumstances, they will have the option to “post bond” or “bond out of jail. ” Basically, a bail bond is a type of collateral – usually cash or surety — that the defendant gives the court as a promise to return at a later date and answer charges that have been brought. Because most people cannot afford to post the full amount of a bail, they hire a bail bondsman to post the money on their behalf. If the defendant fails to show up, the court seizes the money. What many people on bond don’t realize, however, is that they don’t simply get to walk away from jail free and clear until their day in court. They are sometimes surprised to hear that the judge will give them a list of rules – called pre-trial bond conditions – which likely includes regularly reporting to the adult probation department. Failure to follow these rules could result in a one-way ticket to jail until the criminal case is resolved. An Example In 2017, the mother of the so-called “affluenza teen” found herself in front of a judge in the middle of a media firestorm for allegedly carrying a rifle at a gun show and sipping a beer in a bar. Normally in Texas, no one would bat an eye at this alleged behavior. Problem was, she was free on bond while awaiting trial on hindering apprehension of a felon and money laundering, stemming from allegations she fled to Mexico with her son. She was under strict instructions by the judge to follow certain bond conditions. So when word got out that she was allegedly carrying a gun and drinking, prosecutors quickly filed a motion to “revoke bond. ” That is, they wanted to have her put in jail until her trial. After a hearing, the Judge denied their request and allowed her to remain free. Several months later, however, the judge did in fact revoke her bond after she allegedly tested positive for a controlled substance. Normally, bond revocations don't generate news, but this high-profile case put the issue of bond revocations into the spotlight. Here’s a crash course on bond forfeiture and revocations in Texas, including ways to avoid them. How are Bond Conditions Set? Under Article 17. 40 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, a judge can “impose any reasonable condition of bond related to the safety of a victim of the alleged offense or the safety of the community. ” This gives the court a lot of leeway, but in actuality, most judges will take into consideration: Seriousness of the offense Defendant’s criminal history Defendant’s physical and mental condition Employment history and ties to the community Whether or not he or she is a flight risk For more information, please reference the Code of Criminal Procedure 17A. 40 What... > Not guilty by reason of insanity is a seldom-used defense that can be raised by mentally ill defendants who did not know their conduct was wrong. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity/ What Is “Not Guilty By Reason Of Insanity” In Texas? Each year, thousands of mentally ill people are arrested in Texas. A small number of them will plead “not guilty by reason of insanity. ” But what does that mean? And what happens to them if they are found not guilty by reason of insanity? Not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) is a seldom-used defense that is raised for defendants who did not know their conduct was wrong due to a severe mental illness or defect. For example, insane defendants might hear voices that instruct them to commit a murder or carry out a violent act or experience delusions that make them believe they are being followed, poisoned or persecuted. In this article, we are going to discuss Texas’ insanity defense, explain what happens when someone is found NGRI, and offer real examples of when this defense worked – and when it did not. What is Texas’ insanity defense? In Texas, the “insanity defense” is codified in Section 8. 01 of the Penal Code. It is an affirmative defense that excuses or justifies a person’s actions on the ground that he or she was suffering from a severe mental illness at the time of the offense and, as a result, did not know that their criminal conduct was wrong. To be successful, the defendant must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, two things: They were suffering from a severe mental disease or defect and; as a result of that mental illness, they did not know that their conduct at the time of the crime was wrong. What happens when someone is found not guilty by reason of insanity in Texas? When a defendant is found NGRI in Texas, they are technically acquitted of all charges, but they will not be released to the streets. What happens next depends on whether the defendant is deemed dangerous or not. After receiving a NGRI verdict, a judge will hold a hearing within 30 days to determine if the defendant is mentally ill and whether he or she committed a violent offense. If the court finds the defendant did not commit a violent offense or is no longer mentally ill, he or she can be discharged, placed with a responsible person or transferred to probate court. There, civil commitment proceedings determine whether the defendant should be committed to a Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation facility. If the crime was violent, the court has two options: transfer the defendant to probate court or retain jurisdiction. If the court chooses to retain jurisdiction, which is common, it can order the defendant to be committed for up to 90 days to a maximum-security state hospital. If a board decides that the patient is not “manifestly dangerous,” he or she must be transferred to a less-restrictive state hospital within 60 days. After 90 days, the judge must decide whether to recommit the defendant for up to a year. At the expiration of each... > Our Fort Worth DWI lawyers are the city's only Best Lawyers 2026 DWI honorees and were voted Best DWI Firm in Dallas. Board certified. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/ Fort Worth DWI Lawyer | Best Lawyers 2026 | Varghese Summersett Skip to content Table of Contents ▼ Fort Worth DWI Lawyer Published: February 21, 2024 Updated: May 25, 2026 Author: Benson Varghese Category:Key Article Reading Time: 5 min read An arrest for DWI in Fort Worth can threaten your license, career, reputation, and freedom. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth DWI lawyers have handled hundreds of intoxication cases in Tarrant County — from first-time misdemeanors to felony intoxication assault and intoxication manslaughter cases. Trusted Fort Worth DWI Defense Our team includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, former prosecutors, and trial lawyers with deep experience defending DWI charges in Fort Worth and throughout Tarrant County. If you have been arrested for DWI, call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists Former prosecutors Hundreds of Fort Worth DWI cases handled 300+ DWI, intoxication assault, and intoxication manslaughter jury trials Office three blocks from the Tarrant County courthouse Free consultation Contact a Fort Worth DWI Lawyer Today Why Choose Varghese Summersett for a Fort Worth DWI Case? DWI cases are highly technical. The best result often depends on whether your attorney knows how to attack the traffic stop, field sobriety tests, probable cause for arrest, blood warrant, breath test, lab work, and the State’s timeline of intoxication. Our Fort Worth DWI defense team has tried intoxication cases at every level. We have defended professionals, elected officials, pilots, nurses, firefighters, lawyers, doctors, and people who had never been in trouble before. We understand what is at stake, and we know how DWI cases are prosecuted in Tarrant County. Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Board Certification is a mark of experience and special competence in criminal defense. Trial-Tested DWI Defense Many DWI cases resolve through negotiation, but the best negotiations usually come from being ready for trial. Our lawyers know how to identify weak evidence, challenge police assumptions, and present a defense that prosecutors must take seriously. Local Tarrant County Experience Our office is located at 300 Throckmorton Street in downtown Fort Worth, just three blocks from the courthouse. We regularly handle cases in the Tarrant County criminal courts and understand the local procedures, prosecutors, judges, and practical realities that can affect a DWI case. Significant DWI Jury Verdict We tried a DWI with a BAC over 4x the legal limit – and won. In one notable DWI trial, our team obtained a Not Guilty verdict in a case involving an alleged .359 BAC — more than four times the legal limit. Results like this require preparation, technical knowledge, and the willingness to take a case to a jury when the State’s evidence does not tell the full story. DWI Cases We Handle in Fort Worth Our Fort Worth DWI lawyers defend the full range of intoxication-related offenses, including: First-time DWI Second DWI Felony DWI DWI with BAC of .15 or... > Benson Varghese is the founder and Managing Partner of Varghese Summersett PLLC. Varghese Summersett has offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/benson-varghese/ Benson Varghese Benson Varghese is the founder and managing partner of Varghese Summersett, a premier Texas law firm known for its elite attorneys and exceptional results in personal injury, family law, and criminal defense. In addition to overseeing the firm — which has offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — Benson is a seasoned trial attorney and a skilled negotiator dedicated to helping people through life's greatest challenges. Benson is also a legal tech founder. He unveiled Lawft, a law practice management platform, at the 2025 ABA TechShow, winning second place for emerging technologies. Lawft is a legal platform that helps lawyers manage their practice and grow their business while providing exceptional levels of customer service. Benson is also the author of Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth and the host of Tapped In, a podcast for lawyers. In addition to his leadership and vision, Benson is an exceptional trial lawyer with a proven track record in both criminal and personal injury law. A former prosecutor who is Board Certified in Criminal Law — the highest designation an attorney can reach — Benson has tried more than 100 state and federal criminal cases before Texas juries, ranging from DWI to murder. He is widely recognized for his precision, preparation, and poise under pressure. Benson also has a unique perspective on personal injury law. While he now handles the firm's most significant cases, he gained first-hand insights from the other side. Before starting law school, he spent a year working as an insurance adjuster — a perspective that now benefits the firm's personal injury clients, whose lives have been upended due to negligence or wrongdoing. Benson's work goes beyond standing up for the underdog in court. He has effected changes in Texas law that benefit every Texan. For example, Benson helped pass the Athena Alert — a statewide emergency notification system designed to aid in the quick recovery of missing children. Benson's dedication to excellence in the legal field is reflected in the numerous accolades he has received. He has been named an Entrepreneur of Excellent, a Top 500 Most Influential Person in Fort Worth, an Outstanding Lawyer of Tarrant County, a Top Attorney, and a Super Lawyer, among numerous other accolades. He is the past chair of the Tarrant County Criminal Defense Lawyers Association and an avid supporter of numerous philanthropic and non-profit organizations. Regularly sought after by the media for his expert legal commentary on both local and national issues, Benson is a recognized authority in the field of law. Under his leadership, Varghese Summersett has achieved significant milestones, including being named one of the fastest-growing businesses in America by Inc. 5000 magazine three times; being named a 2023 Small Business of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber; and a Best Company to Work for in Fort Worth by Fort Worth Inc. for three consecutive years. Want to learn more about Benson? Read this write-up in Entrepreneur Magazine. Personal Injury Practice Areas Wrongful Death Car... > Here’s is your 2021 Legislative Update of criminal laws in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/new-criminal-laws-2021/ New Criminal Laws In Texas | 2021 Legislative Update 2023 Update: Read our 2023 Texas Criminal Legislative Update A long and controversial legislative session resulted in a mixed bag of new criminal laws in Texas. Here is a roundup of the new criminal laws and the biggest changes to existing laws stemming from the 87th legislative session. 1. Constitutional Carry HB 1927: Signed June 16 Starting September 1, Texans over age 21 will be able to carry a handgun in public without license or training. House Bill 1927 eliminated the requirement for Texans to obtain a license to carry as long as they are not prohibited from possessing a gun by state or federal law. This legislation also makes a number of other changes and additions to the Penal Code concerning firearms, including: Making it a crime to carry a firearm while intoxicated. This offense is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Making it a crime for a gang member to carry a firearm in a vehicle. This offense is a third-degree felony punishable by two to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Allowing a peace officer to disarm a citizen at any time if he or she believes it is necessary to protect the person, the officer or another individual. The officer, however, must return the person’s handgun before leaving the scene if the officer determines the person was not a threat and didn’t commit a violation. Allows for the expungement of records for those who have been previously convicted of unlawfully carrying a weapon before September 1, 2021. 2. Obstructing Emergency Vehicles HB 9: Signed June 1 House Bill 9 makes it a state jail felony to knowingly block an emergency vehicle with its lights and sirens on or to obstruct access to a hospital or health care facility. A state jail felony is punishable by six months to two years behind bars and a maximum $10,000 fine. Individuals convicted of this offense are required to spend at least 10 days in jail, even if they are sentenced to probation. This legislation was passed in response to protestors blocking roadways during last year’s nationwide protests against police brutal 3. Financial Abuse of the Elderly HB 1156: Signed June 9 This bill creates the new offense of financial abuse of an elderly individual. A person commits this offense if he or she “knowingly engages in the wrongful taking, appropriation, obtaining, retention or use of money or other property of an elderly person” by any means, including financial exploitation. The penalties for financial abuse of an elder range from a Class B misdemeanor to a first-degree felony depending on the amount of property or money taken. This bill was passed in response to the growing number of elderly Texans who fall victims to scams, frauds and exploitation each year. 4. Impersonating a Private Investigator HB 1400:Signed June 15 It is now illegal in Texas to impersonate... > Did you know that you can't go to some countries with a DUI or DWI? Here's a list of What Countries You Can't Go to with a DUI - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/what-countries-you-cant-go-to-with-a-dui/ What Countries You Can’t Go To With A DUI Did you know that an intoxication-related offense can make it very difficult for you to enter certain countries – even if you are not convicted? This article covers what countries you can’t go to with a DUI, a DWI, or other serious intoxication-related offense. Driving under the influence (DUI) is another term used outside of Texas to refer to the same offense we call a DWI or Driving While Intoxicated. For this article, the term DUI and DWI is used interchangeably – although it is a different offense in Texas. DUI is a serious offense that can have severe consequences, including jail time, fines, and the loss of a driver’s license. A DUI conviction can also result in being barred from entering certain countries. Countries You Can’t Go to With a DUI There are several countries that will not allow someone with a DUI on their record to enter their borders. These countries include Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Canada, for example, has strict entry requirements for individuals with criminal records, including those with a DUI conviction. In order to be allowed into Canada, individuals with a DUI must apply for a temporary resident permit, which can take several months to process. The permit is not guaranteed, and the applicant must demonstrate that they are not a risk to Canadian society and have a legitimate reason for entering the country. Australia and New Zealand also have strict entry requirements for individuals with criminal records, including those with a DUI conviction. In order to be allowed into these countries, individuals with a DUI must apply for a visa and provide information about their criminal history. The visa application process can be lengthy, and the applicant must also demonstrate that they are not a risk to the community and have a legitimate reason for entering the country. It is important to note that these entry requirements can vary depending on the individual’s specific circumstances, including the severity of their DUI offense and the length of time since the conviction. It is always best to check with the relevant embassy or consulate before entering any of these countries. DWI vs. DUI and Getting into Canada As noted above, we are using the term DUI and DWI interchangeably in this article because Texas is one of the few states that uses the term “DWI” to refer to operating a vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08% or higher. That offense is commonly referred to as a DUI in other states and even driving while ability impaired (DWAI). In Texas, a first-time DWI offense is a Class B misdemeanor, which can result in up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. Subsequent offenses can result in even harsher penalties, including longer jail sentences and higher fines. Any of these, even a first time offense, can jeopardize your ability to enter Canada. Getting into Canada with a DWI Conviction... > Are you or a loved one facing a federal sentencing hearing? Here's what you need to know to prepare for what is likely a very emotional day in court. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-sentencing-hearing/ What Happens At A Federal Sentencing Hearing? Federal Sentencing Hearings A federal sentencing date is, undoubtedly, a day no one looks forward to. This is the day when a judge announces a defendant’s prison sentence and how long he or she will be on supervised release after serving time. The judge will also order any fines or mandatory financial assessments at this time, as well as announce any assets that are being forfeited. It is also the day that the judge normally takes the defendant into federal custody. It is a difficult day, to be sure. In this blog post, we will explain what happens at federal sentencing so that you and your loved ones know what to expect and can be prepared. It’s important to understand the process – even though this knowledge likely won’t soften the blow of what are typically very high federal sentences. Please take a moment to watch this comprehensive video on the federal sentencing process by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese: What occurs prior to federal sentencing? By the time federal sentencing occurs, a number of things will have occurred to help the judge arrive at a decision. After a plea or finding of guilt, a probation officer would have met with the defendant and interviewed them. A good attorney will be present at that interview; a great attorney will have spent time preparing the defendant for how to best answer the probation officer’s questions. The probation officer then prepares a Pre-Sentence Investigation Report (PSR), which is submitted to the judge upon completion. This report draws from the defendant’s answers, as well as answers from the prosecutor, the agent working the case, other defendants or witnesses, and a summary of a variety of case documents and records. In the PSR, the probation officer gives the judge a “recommended guideline range” for sentencing. This range is based upon the offense conduct, enhancements and reductions, and criminal history. While this guideline range is not mandatory, many judges are “guideline judges. ” In other words, they routinely sentence within the recommended guidelines, particularly if they “grew up” as judges when the guidelines were mandatory. Does the defense get a say in the Pre-Sentence Investigation Report? Once the PSR is complete, the defendant’s defense attorney will be able to read it and make written objections. These are typically not factual objections, but rather, objections based on how the law was applied to the facts. For example, it is not uncommon for an experienced federal defense attorney to argue that a specific enhancement added by the probation officer in the PSR is being incorrectly applied. However, it is generally not an argument to take issue with the statement of a witness, who is embellishing or being untruthful in the PSR. Why? The judge is allowed to consider uncorroborated, hearsay statements of co-conspirators. Relevant conduct doesn’t have to be proven by proof beyond a reasonable doubt – just a preponderance of evidence, which is just a tipping of... > Tampering with Evidence in Fort Worth is generally a felony punishable by prison time. Call an experienced attorney at Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/tampering-with-evidence/ What Is Tampering with Evidence in Texas? Tampering with evidence in Texas is a felony offense under Texas Penal Code § 37. 09. It occurs when someone alters, destroys, or conceals physical evidence with the intent to make it unavailable during an investigation or legal proceeding. In most cases, tampering with evidence is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison. This charge comes up more often than you might expect. Throwing drugs out a car window during a traffic stop, deleting files when investigators arrive, or moving a weapon after a crime can all lead to felony tampering charges. What starts as a misdemeanor possession case can quickly become a years-long prison sentence. If you're facing tampering allegations in Fort Worth, Tarrant County, or anywhere in Texas, you need an experienced defense attorney on your side. At Varghese Summersett, our team includes former prosecutors and board-certified criminal defense lawyers who have handled hundreds of tampering cases. We know how prosecutors build these cases because we used to be prosecutors ourselves. How Does Texas Law Define Tampering with Evidence? Texas Penal Code § 37. 09 defines tampering with evidence in two main ways. First, a person commits this offense by knowingly altering, destroying, or concealing any record, document, or thing with the intent to impair its availability as evidence in an investigation or official proceeding. Second, a person commits tampering by making, presenting, or using any record, document, or thing knowing it is false. The statute requires proof of both knowledge and intent. You must know that an investigation is pending or in progress. You must also have the specific intent to make the evidence unavailable. Acting without that knowledge or intent is not tampering under Texas law. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has ruled that prosecutors do not need to identify the exact evidence tampered with. This means the State can charge tampering with an "unknown substance" and still meet the legal requirements. This interpretation gives prosecutors significant flexibility in bringing these charges. What Are Common Examples of Tampering with Evidence? Tampering charges arise in many different situations across Texas. The most common involve drugs, but tampering can apply to any type of evidence in any investigation. Drug cases: Throwing contraband out a car window during a traffic stop is the most frequent scenario. Swallowing drugs when police approach, flushing substances down a toilet, or scattering marijuana around a vehicle all qualify as tampering. Each of these actions can turn a simple possession charge into a felony. Violent crimes: Moving or hiding a weapon after a shooting, cleaning up blood evidence, or disposing of clothing worn during an assault can all result in tampering charges. These charges often accompany more serious offenses like assault or murder. White-collar crimes: Shredding documents during a fraud investigation, deleting computer files, or destroying hard drives when you know investigators are coming constitutes tampering. The Enron scandal famously involved document destruction that led to federal obstruction charges. Cases involving human... > Check out this 2023 legislative update, which highlights 50 of the most interesting or impactful Texas criminal laws passed or ammended during the 88th legislative sesssion - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/2023-legislative-update/ New Texas Criminal Laws | 2023 Legislative Update | 88th Legislature During Texas’ 88th Legislative Session, lawmakers filed more than 8000 bills – only a fraction of which passed through the complex legislative process to become a new law. Not surprisingly, a good portion of the surviving bills pertains to criminal justice, creating new offenses or amending current statutes. Some of Texas’ new criminal laws make obvious sense, while others will probably leave you scratching your head. In any case, here’s the 2023 legislative update on 50 of the most interesting or impactful new Texas criminal laws. 1. Fentanyl Murder HB 6: Effective Sept. 1, 2023 In an effort to combat the fentanyl crisis, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 6, which creates the criminal offense of murder for supplying fentanyl that results in a death; enhances the criminal penalties for the manufacturing or delivery of fentanyl; and requires deaths caused by fentanyl to be designated as fentanyl toxicity or fentanyl poisoning on a death certificate. Current law does not require such classification, as most fentanyl-related deaths are classified as an overdose. Among other things, this legislation makes: Manufacturing or delivering fentanyl that results in an overdose death a first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in prison; Manufacturing or delivering fentanyl, 200 to 400 grams, punishable by 10 years to life in prison and a maximum $100,000 fine; Manufacturing or delivering fentanyl, over 400 grams, punishable by 15 years to life in prison and a maximum $250,000 fine; Manufacturing or delivering fentanyl, under 1 gram, a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison; Manufacturing or delivering fentanyl, 4 to 200 grams, punishable by 10 years to life in prison and a maximum $20,000 fine. 2. Giving Alcohol to a Minor Leading to Injury or Death HB 420: Effective Sept. 1, 2023 It is already against the law – a Class A misdemeanor – to provide alcohol to a minor in Texas. But now, if you provide alcohol to a minor and the youth consumes the alcohol and causes another person to suffer serious bodily injury or death, you face a state jail felony, punishable by six months to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. 3. The Athena Alert HB 3556, Effective Immediately The “Athena Alert” was named in honor of 7-year-old Athena Strand, who was kidnapped and killed by a FedEx delivery driver in December. The Athena Alert is similar to an AMBER alert, except it allows law enforcement to quickly activate an alert in a localized area – within a 100-mile radius and to adjacent counties – where a child goes missing without verification of an abduction. It essentially closes the gap between the time a child vanishes and a statewide AMBER Alert may be issued. 4. Statute of Limitations Extended for Family Violence HB 467: Effective Sept. 1, 2023 This legislation extends the statute of limitations for certain family violence offenses. In the past, prosecutors had... > If your license is on the verge of being suspended due to a DWI, check out these tips to win your ALR hearing. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/alr-hearing-texas/ How To Win An ALR Hearing In Texas – Administrative License Suspension Administrative License Revocation - ALR Hearing When you are stopped for suspicion of a DWI, your initial thoughts go to the criminal case, but license consequences can be devastating. An ALR hearing (or the Administrative License Revocation Hearing) is the process by which a license can be saved from suspension after an arrest for driving while intoxicated. In Texas, when a driver is stopped on suspicion of DWI and refuses to take or fails a blood or breath test, their license will subsequently be suspended by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS). The individual will receive a “Notice of Suspension” – also known as a DIC 25 – which will act as a temporary driving permit while the driver decides whether or not to challenge the license suspension through an ALR hearing. An ALR hearing is held in the presence of an Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) who listens to the evidence in the case. DPS has the burden of proof in an ALR hearing. The driver can attack the DPS case by presenting any legal issues that may exist. Unlike the criminal case, which must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the burden of proof in an ALR hearing is only preponderance of evidence. After the hearing, the ALJ will issue a final decision and order. If the judge finds that DPS has proven its case, the judge will authorize the suspension of the individual’s driver’s license. On the other hand, if the judge finds that DPS has not proven its case, the individual’s driver’s license will not be suspended. The DIC-24 warning (below) tells you that you only have 15 days to request the hearing on your license suspension. . This does not mean you will have a hearing in 15 days. It just means the request must be made within that time frame. It is common to not receive a hearing date for weeks or even months. You can request a hearing through the following methods: Mailing Address: Texas Department of Public Safety Enforcement and Compliance Service P. O. Box 4040 Austin, TX 78765-4040 Fax Number: 512-424-2650 Phone Number: 800-394-9913 What does DPS have to prove at an ALR hearing in Texas? At an ALR hearing, the state will be required to show there was reasonable suspicion for a stop, probable cause for your arrest, and that you were given an opportunity to consent to a breath or blood test. In a case where you consented to give breath or blood, they have to prove the result was over . 08. How to Win an ALR Hearing TIP: Hire a criminal defense attorney on your DWI case and ask them to handle the ALR hearing for you. They will know the ins-and-outs of the ALR process and can take the best swing at winning the ALR hearing. If you end up representing yourself, follow these steps to defend your license at an ALR hearing in... > Accused using a fake ID in Texas? Call to speak to a Fort Worth fake ID lawyer about the consequences of falsifying information. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-student-defense-lawyer/fake-id/ Caught with a Fake ID In Texas? | Fort Worth Fake ID Lawyer Fort Worth is a college town, and many students likely have a fake ID tucked in their purse or pocket. In fact, it may be the one thing they never leave home without. While a fake ID may be an underclassman’s most prized possession, it comes with big risks. Not only can using a fake ID in Texas land a student in trouble with the law, but it could possibly lead to school disciplinary action. Here’s a crash course on the law and the potential consequences of using false identification and how a Fort Worth fake ID lawyer might be able to help with the ensuing legal process. https://youtu. be/zg58VOI5RU0 What are the Laws Regarding Fake IDs in Texas? There are a number of ways college students obtain fake IDs in Texas. Some may borrow an ID from an older sibling or friend who bears a resemblance. Others may purchase a fake ID online. Some may attempt to forge or alter their birth date on a license or present a fake birth document to obtain a driver’s license or state ID card. All of these scenarios would be illegal under Texas law and the offenses range from misdemeanors tickets to felonies. Possession of a False Driver's License Texas Transportation Code 521. 451 prohibits fake IDs in several ways, including lending your ID to another person, having more than one driver’s license, or providing false information when applying for a license or ID card. The statute states that a person may not: Knowingly display or possess a driver’s license or certificate that is fictitious or has been altered; Lend his or her driver’s license or certificate to another individual, or knowingly let another person use the license or certificate; Display or represent as his or her own another person’s driver's license or certificate; Possess more than one valid certificate or driver’s license; or Provide a false name, address, or counterfeit document, or knowingly provide a false statement, omit information, or commit fraud in a renewal, original application, or application for a duplicate driver’s license or certificate. What is the Punishment for Being Caught with a Fake ID in Texas? Violation of this statute is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a $4,000 fine. Misrepresentation of Age by a Minor Under the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code 106. 07, a minor commits an offense if he or she falsely states that he or she is 21 years of age or older and presents any document that indicates that he or she is 21 years of age or older to a person engaged in selling or serving alcoholic beverages. An example of this might be misrepresenting yourself as 21 to a doorman at a bar. Punishment for Misrepresentation of Age by a Minor This offense is a Class C Misdemeanor punishable by up to a $500 fine. Misrepresentation of age by a minor is... > If you have been charged with online impersonation in Fort Worth, call us for a free consultation and possible defenses that apply. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/online-impersonation/ Online Impersonation in Fort Worth People have been impersonating other individuals for personal gain and revenge since the dawn of time. In the Internet age, impersonation is accomplished more easily than ever. It's not uncommon to hear about a scorned lover or angry ex creating a fake social media account in the other's person name in an attempt to "get back at them" by harassing, stalking or intimidating them. Because Internet impersonation can have devastating consequences, Texas law prohibits online impersonation in two different ways. One portion of the statute covers social networking sites and other websites, and the other section deals with email, text messages, and message boards. Here's a look at the law, consequences and examples of online impersonation: Impersonating Another on a Social Networking Site or Other Website Impersonating another on social media is prohibited by law if all the following elements are met: The person does not have the consent of the person they are impersonating; The intent of the person is to cause harm, or defraud, or threaten, or intimidate another; The person uses the other’s name or persona; and either The person creates a web page on a networking site or other website; or The person posts or sends messages using the site (other than through email or message boards). This is a third degree felony punishable by 2-10 years in prison. Impersonating Another through Email or Text Messages Email is another type of internet communication that may be used to impersonate another. Similar to impersonating another on a social networking site, several elements must be met for the state to prove online impersonation via email or messaging board including: The person sends either an email, an instant message, a text message or other, similar message which includes references to the name, domain address, phone number or other information which identifies one other than the sender; The person doesn’t have consent to make this representation; The purpose of using the other person’s name is to cause the recipient of the information to believe the other person either sent the message themselves or authorized another to do so; and The intent of the message is to harm or defraud anyone, including both the recipient, the named person, or another person. This is generally a Class A misdemeanor, but it can be a third degree felony if it was done with the intent to solicit a response from emergency personnel. What is Catfishing? The term "catfishing," which is sometimes spelled "catphishing," refers to someone using a fake online persona to lure the victim into an Internet romance or for malicious purposes or self-gain. Catfishers who adopt the persona of another real person might be guilty of online impersonation depending on what their intent was. Romance scammers can be prosecuted for a variety of offenses once money becomes involved - including mail fraud and wire fraud. What is the Punishment for Online Impersonation? Impersonating someone via social networking or other websites is a third-degree felony, punishable by... > Are you facing interference with an emergency telephone call charges in Fort Worth? Call our team of dedicated attorneys today for help. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/interference-with-emergency-calls/ Interference with Emergency Telephone Calls in Fort Worth During domestic disputes, when tempers flare and tensions run high, it is not uncommon for one individual to prevent another from calling 911. He or she may hang up, hide, or even damage or break the phone. Preventing such a call, however, can be a crime. This offense – “Interference with Emergency Telephone Calls” or “Interference with Emergency Request for Assistance” – is taken very seriously in Texas and can carry significant consequences as a misdemeanor or felony. Here’s an overview of the offense, the punishment, and potential defenses. Anyone facing this charge should contact a skilled defense attorney who has substantial experience handling these types of cases. What is Interference with Emergency Telephone Calls? Under Section 42. 062 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits Interference with a 911 or Emergency Telephone Call if he or she: Knowingly prevents or interferes with another person’s ability to place an emergency call or request assistance from a law enforcement agency, medical facility or other agency or entity dedicated to public safety; or Recklessly renders unusable a phone that would otherwise be used by someone to place an emergency phone call Very often, we see this charge affiliated with domestic violence or assault situations. However, it can also apply to a wide array of other circumstances. For example, witnesses to a crime, such as robbery, may be prevented from calling 911. What Constitutes an “Emergency? ” Under the law, “emergency” means a condition or circumstance in which any individual is or is reasonably believed by the individual making a telephone call to be in fear of imminent assault or in which property is or is reasonably believed by the individual making the call to be in imminent danger of damage or destruction. This is a basically a complex way of saying that an emergency exits when a person believes, or reasonably believes, that he or she is in fear of being assaulted or that their property is or has been destroyed. What is the Punishment for Interfering with an Emergency Call? In most cases, Interfering with Emergency Telephone Calls is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a $4,000 fine. However, if an individual has been convicted of this offense in the past, it is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. Are There any Defenses to Interference with an Emergency Call? For a prosecutor to convict an individual, they must prove certain elements beyond a reasonable doubt, including that there was an “emergency” and the accused acted “intentionally” or “recklessly. ” A skilled defense attorney will investigate every element of the case, determine what defenses are applicable, and develop a strategy in an effort to achieve a favorable result. Facing a Charge of Interference with an Emergency Telephone Call? Contact Us for Help If you or a loved one is facing... > Obscene Display or Distribution in Fort Worth can carry serious punishments for a conviction. To learn more about your rights, call us today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/obscene-display/ Obscene Display in Distribution in Fort Worth In the state of Texas, displaying or distributing obscene material can come with criminal consequences as a misdemeanor. To understand what might constitute an offense of obscene display or distribution, it's important to understand what makes material obscene. Texas defines material as obscene by using a three-prong test, with subparts. What is considered Obscene? The state defines obscene material as something the average person would agree appeals to a “prurient interest” in sex. Additionally, obscene material either describes in words or shows in pictures sexual acts. These acts may be actual or simulated acts and are not limited to sexual intercourse. Acts may expand to both sodomy and bestiality or are descriptions or pictures showing masturbation, sadism, masochism, a lewd showing of genitals, including an erect penis – even if covered by clothing or some other material where the erection is obvious, certain objects designed primarily for sexual stimulation, and some other acts. Finally, in determining whether material is obscene under Texas law, the description or picture must lack value as literature or art, as well as scientific or political value. When someone intentionally displays such obscene material or distributes a photograph, drawing, or other obscene material without regard to whether another person present will be offended or alarmed by such a showing, they commit the crime of obscene display or distribution. In addition to displaying such material intentionally, if a person knowingly displays or distributes such material in a reckless manner, they can be charged under the statute. See Penal Code Section 43. 22 for more information. Call an Attorney to Build a Case Against Charges for Displaying or Distributing Obscene Material Display or distribution of obscene material is a Class C misdemeanor in Fort Worth. This means it is punishable by a fine of up to $500. 00. If you are facing charges, contact a hardworking lawyer today for help. > Charged with hoax bombs? This accusation can carry serious consequences. Call Varghese Summersett and schedule a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/hoax-bombs/ Fort Worth Hoax Bombs Charges Hoax Bombs in Texas Even though hoax bombs cannot cause the type of damage of a real bomb, they are dangerous for other reasons. Namely, hoax bombs can instill fear and panic in people and cause emergency officials to expend time, money and manpower investigating and dispelling a perceived threat. As a result, hoax bombs are illegal in certain circumstances. Under Texas Penal Code Section 46. 08, a person commits an offense if they knowingly manufacture, sell, purchase, transport, or possesses a hoax bomb with intent to use the hoax bomb to: (1) make another believe that the hoax bomb is an explosive or incendiary device; or (2) cause alarm or reaction of any type by an official of a public safety agency or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies. In other words, it's illegal to make people believe a hoax bomb is real. Likewise, it is against the law to use a hoax bomb to cause alarm or reaction by members of public safety agencies, such as law enforcement, or a volunteer agency designed to deal with emergencies, such as the American Red Cross. There are many ways to commit this offense. The most obvious is when a person knowingly manufactures a hoax bomb. Selling a hoax bomb, purchasing a hoax bomb, and transporting a hoax bomb with the intent of using it to make others believe it is a real bomb — even if the intent was never carried out — are also examples of ways a person could violate the statute. Finally, merely possessing a hoax bomb with the intent to either make others believe it is real or to cause a reaction of any kind by public safety and emergency officials, is illegal. The punishment for Hoax Bombs in Texas Using a hoax bomb is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and $4,000 in fines. Contact Us If you or a loved one is facing a charge of a hoax bomb in Texas, we can help. Call us at (817) 203-2220 for a complimentary strategy session. Our team of former prosecutors and Board Certified Criminal Lawyers have decades of experience and a proven track record of success. During this call we will: Discuss the facts of your case; Discuss the legal issues involved, including the direct and collateral consequences of the allegation; and Discuss the defenses that apply to your plan and in general terms discuss our approach to your case. > Possession of marijuana is still illegal in Texas. Learn how these cases can be won even in jurisdictions where marijuana charges are still filed. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/possession-of-marijuana/ Possession of Marijuana in Texas In Texas, possession of marijuana refers to the act of knowingly or intentionally having a usable quantity of marijuana, as defined by the Texas Health and Safety Code Section §481. 121. The law distinguishes between different amounts of marijuana, with penalties ranging from a Class B misdemeanor for possessing two ounces or less, up to a first-degree felony for possessing more than 2,000 pounds. As with federal law, prosecutors in Texas must be able to show the delta 9 THC concentration is over 0. 3% by dry weight. If you have been charged with possession in Tarrant County, an experienced Fort Worth marijuana lawyer can review the stop, the search, and the lab testing in your case. Important 2025 Updates THC Product Ban VETOED: Governor Abbott vetoed Senate Bill 3 on June 22, 2025, keeping delta-8/delta-9 THC products legal Special Session Called: Abbott called a special session beginning July 21, 2025 to regulate (not ban) THC products Medical Program Expansion: House Bill 46 expanded qualifying conditions to include chronic pain, Crohn's disease, and traumatic brain injuries Fort Worth Enforcement: Cite and Release program continues for possession under 2 ounces License Suspensions: Now require completion of 15-hour Drug Education Program for reinstatement Where is the 0. 3% THC concentration definition for marijuana found in Texas? The Health and Safety Code Section 443. 201 recognizes the Agriculture Code definition of hemp. Texas Agriculture Code Section 121. 001 says that the Cannabis sativa L plant and any derivative with a "delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0. 3 percent on a dry weight basis" is hemp or a hemp derivative in Texas. Possession of Marijuana Defense in Fort Worth Possession of Marijuana cases are still being filed in many jurisdictions including Fort Worth and Tarrant County, despite increasing decriminalization and legalization throughout the country. Our Fort Worth marijuana lawyer has a proven history of getting many of these charges dismissed. We've handled every level of misdemeanor and felony possession of marijuana up to delivery of marijuana charges. In this article we will discuss the top 9 ways our attorneys have been able to secure exceptional results on marijuana charges, along with critical updates for 2025 that may affect your case. https://youtu. be/o1gBOouCOD4 There's never been a better time for us to make sure a misdemeanor marijuana case does not create a permanent blemish on your record. If you have been arrested for cannabis possession in Texas, call our Fort Worth marijuana lawyer for help. 9 Ways to Beat a Possession of Marijuana Charge in Texas Our goal for anyone charged with possession of marijuana is to seek an outcome that does not result in a conviction or jail time. In many cases, we are able to secure outcomes that also make it possible to expunge even the arrest record. You can find dozens of examples of marijuana cases we have had dismissed or no-billed on our results page. Although the number of possession of marijuana cases filed... > RICO Act charges in North Texas carry up to a 20 year sentence. Call for a free consult with federal criminal defense lawyer. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/rico/ In the 1960s, the federal government had a big problem on their hands. Large cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Las Vegas, were under the control of the Mafia and their criminal enterprise was growing exponentially. Up until this point, law enforcement had been largely unsuccessful in their attempts to shut them down, partly because they could only prosecute mob-related crimes individually. They needed their own "ultimate hit man. " Enter RICO. In 1970, the federal government passed a law - called the "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ACT" or RICO - in an effort to pursue the Mafia as a whole. Up until this point, the government could only prosecute mob-related individuals. RICO allowed the government to go after all the individuals of a corrupt organization. RICO proved a powerful tool and allowed the government to convict high-ranking mobsters who ordered crimes, not just those who got their hands dirty. These days, the government rarely uses RICO against mobsters or the mafia. However, because the law is so broad, the government now uses it to charge CEOs and CFOs of banks and businesses as well as their employees with racketeering. In this article, we are going to answer some frequently asked questions about RICO and how it is being applied to the 21st Century. If you or a loved one is facing RICO charges in North Texas, you will need an experienced federal in your corner. What is the RICO Act? RICO refers to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act and is codified in 18 U. S Code Chapter 96. Simply put, racketeering is making money through an unlawful enterprise. Under RICO, a person who is member of an enterprise who has committed any two of 35 crimes within a 10-year period can be charged with racketeering. The reaches of the RICO Act are almost boundless. Its breadth means almost anyone can get caught up in the wide net the federal government casts. What crimes are associated with the RICO Act? This sweeping statute encompasses 35 specific offenses that may be connected to an ongoing criminal enterprise, which are referred to as "predicate" crimes. Here's a list of some of those crimes: Murder Kidnapping Extortion Arson Robbery Bribery Fraud Embezzlement Obstruction of Justice Money Laundering Gambling Theft Counterfeiting Securities Fraud What is the punishment for a RICO Act charges in North Texas? A conviction for a single RICO charge is punishable by up to 20 years in prison. However, it can be punished by up to life in prison the predicate crime is punishable by life in prison, such as murder. A fine of up to $250,000, or twice the proceeds of the illicit activity, can also be imposed. Any proceeds that can be connected to illegal activity will also be subject to forfeiture by the federal government. Who handles RICO charges for the government? RICO charges are centralized through the Organized Crime and Gang Section of the Criminal Division of the United States Attorney’s Office. The... > Call our lawyers at 817-203-2220 for information about Parker County Jail & bond reductions. Our defense attorneys handle Tarrant County arrests & charges. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/parker-county-jail-information/ Parker County Jail Information | Parker County Inmate Search Parker County Jail holds inmates in state and federal charges. The attorneys at our firm frequently represent individuals charged with federal cases who are initially housed in Parker County. This page provides you with more information about the Parker County Jail and how to find out if your loved one is being held in Parker County. Parker County Inmate Search Call the Parker County Jail at (817)594-4208. Visit the Parker County Jail at 612 Jameson St. , Weatherford, Texas 76086 If the inmate is being held on state charges, you can look for them using the Inmate Locator. If the inmate is being held on federal charges, call the attorneys at Varghese Summersett PLLC. We can often make informal inquiries that will get you the answer you are looking for. Federal Inmates in Parker County Jail Remember that you cannot post a monetary bond in the Northern District of Texas to secure your release. Instead, a federal magistrate judge (or sometimes the federal district court judge) will have a detention hearing in which the court assess whether or not to release you. In federal drug cases, there is a presumption against release. If you find yourself in federal custody in Parker County Jail, call us immediately (817) 203-2220 so we can maximize your chances of release at the detention hearing and assist you with the federal charges against you. Parker County Jail Visitation All inmates may receive up to 2 visits per week. All visits are limited to 20 minutes in length unless otherwise authorized by jail staff. Visitation is limited to 4 visitors per inmate. Visitors may switch within the 20-minute timeframe. All adult visitors must show a VALID ID. Sunday Male General Population 8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Male General Population 12:30PM – 4:30 PM Monday Male General Population 8:00 AM – 1:00 PM Female All Population 1:45 PM – 4:45 PM Male USM 5:00 PM – 9:00 PM Tuesdays Male Protective Custody 8:00 AM – 9:30 AM Male High Risk 9:45 AM – 12:15 PM Male General Population with last names beginning with the letters A-K 5:00 PM – 9:00 PM Wednesday Male General Population 8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Males USM 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM Females All Population 5:00 PM – 9:00 PM Thursday Male Protective Custody 8:00 AM – 9:30 AM Male High Risk 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Male General Population with last names beginning with the letters L-Z 5:00 PM – 9:00 PM Friday Female All Population 8:00 AM – 12:00 PM Male USM 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM Saturday Female All Population 8:00 AM – 1:00 PM Male USM 1:30 PM – 3:30 PM Male High Risk 3:30 PM – 5:00 PM Male Protective Custody 5:00 PM- 6:00 PM Questions? Contact the Jail Visitation Office at 682-229-2361 (Not staffed 24 hours a day). Otherwise, contact the Jail at 817-594-4208. Parker County Jail Services On-site medical physician and mental health services are provided... > Federal firearm violations carry a 30-year sentence under 18 USC 924. Call Varghese Summersett to consult regarding the illegal possession or sale of guns. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/gun/ Fort Worth Federal Gun Lawyer Understanding Federal Gun Charges Under the Second Amendment, people have the right to bear arms, but that right is not absolute. Federal law regulates and criminalizes certain actions related to firearms. Violating these regulations could result in severe penalties, including hefty sentences and steep fines. If you are facing firearm-related charges, it’s extremely important to speak with a Fort Worth federal gun lawyer as soon as possible. With years of handling gun cases, our experienced defense attorneys can greatly increase your chances of a favorable outcome. Federal Gun Laws Although Texas is a gun-friendly state, there are federal laws that govern the sale and possession of firearms. Two of the most common federal firearm charges include the unlawful selling or possessing of a firearm and the use of a firearm while committing a violent crime or drug trafficking. Unlawful Sale Or Possession Of A Firearm Federal law regulates gun sales through licensing requirements and limiting the transportation of weapons across state lines. For example, under 18 United States Code §922(a), it is a crime to sell guns without the required license across state lines. Violators can face up to five years in prison. Even with the proper license, it is still illegal to sell guns to certain people, including minors, felons, and undocumented immigrants. When it comes to possessing firearms, federal law is stricter than state law. Under 18 U. S. C. § 922(g), convicted felons, fugitives, drug addicts, mentally ill individuals, illegal immigrants, people convicted of domestic violence, and those who have been dishonorably discharged from the military are all barred from owning firearms. It is also illegal to possess a stolen firearm or possess a firearm in a school zone. Violation of any of these laws could result in serious legal consequences. Use Of A Firearm During A Violent Crime Or Drug Trafficking Individuals accused of using a firearm to commit a violent crime or drug trafficking often face a hard time in federal prison. Under 18 U. S. C. § 924, a defendant faces a minimum of five years in prison for possessing a gun during a violent or drug trafficking crime. The punishment escalates to a minimum of seven years in prison for brandishing a gun and a minimum of 10 years for discharging a gun during a violent or drug trafficking crime. The type of firearm used also could affect the potential punishment. For example, if a defendant uses a rifle or shotgun, they face a minimum 10-year sentence. Using a machine gun escalates the punishment to a minimum of 30 years in prison. Defendants face harsher punishments if they acted in groups or committed multiple crimes. A Fort Worth attorney knowledgeable about federal gun laws can help you understand the complexities surrounding your charges and work to build a defense that will minimize your exposure to federal prosecution. Unlawful Possession of a Firearm (by a Prohibited Person) This is prosecuted under 18 USC 922(g) and carries up to 10... > Probation and deferred adjudication are similar but have key differences you must understand before considering accepting a plea to a criminal charge in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/probation-in-texas/ Straight Probation vs. Deferred Adjudication Understanding Probation in Texas Probation in Texas is one of the two forms of “community supervision” authorized by law. Community supervision consists of programs, sanctions, and conditions set forth by a court that a person has to meet as an alternative to jail or prison. Community supervision (formerly called adult probation) may be ordered for misdemeanor or felony offenses and is generally imposed in lieu of a jail or prison sentence. A person receives probation or is placed on community supervision in Texas after a plea of guilty and a finding of guilt and the person is ordered to comply with the conditions of community supervision instead of receiving a jail or prison sentence. In this article, our team of attorneys could further explain this process in Texas. How long can you be on probation in Texas? A felony can generally be probated for up to ten years. A misdemeanor punishable by jail can be probated for up to two years. What are the general conditions of probation in Texas? The judge sets conditions of probation. The most common conditions of probation or deferred adjudication in Texas requires that a probationer: Not violate any other laws Avoid any bad conduct including use of illegal controlled substances Avoid bad people and places. Report as directed by probation office: Generally once a month Be subject to house inspections Maintain a job Support your dependents Advise probation officer of any address or job change Execute a waiver of extradition Submit to drug testing Pay probation supervision fees, Crime Stopper fees, and court costs Complete GED or obtain high school diploma Complete any classes required by probation officer Abide by limitations on travel Abide by a curfew Pay restitution, if any, to crime victim Complete community service Complete a psychological or psychiatric evaluation In Tarrant County, felony probation officers supervise approximately 130 people in any given month. Most adult probationers are ordered to report once a month for half-hour meetings. Probationers on more serious offenses might have in-home visits or inspections and field visits by a probation officer. Can you get early release from probation in Texas? A judge may release a person from probation early for most cases at 1/3 time, when it is in the best interest of society and the probationer. This is discretionary. However, a review at 1/2 time is mandatory upon request. Even though this type of review is mandatory upon request, however, a probationer does not have a right to early termination. Instead, it is purely discretionary on the part of the judge to allow someone to be released from probation early. Learn about early release from DWI probation here. When is probation not available? Probation in Texas is not available for sentences that are 10 years or longer. While juries are allowed to probate most offenses, judges face limitations on which offenses may and may not be probated. These limitations were set out in Code of Criminal Procedure 42. 12 Section 3g... > Charged with a second DWI (DWI Misdemeanor Repetition) in Fort Worth? Our Tarrant County DWI team has tried nearly 200 intoxication cases. Free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/second-offense/ Fort Worth DWI Second Offense Lawyer | DWI Misdemeanor Repetition A second DWI in Texas is charged as DWI Misdemeanor Repetition, and it is not a slightly worse version of a first DWI. It is a hybrid Class A misdemeanor punishable by 30 days to one year in the Tarrant County Jail. Here is the part that catches people off guard: even if a judge grants you probation, you still have to serve jail time as a condition of that probation. And if you are convicted, the next drinking-and-driving allegation becomes a felony. In 2025, Tarrant County set bond on 797 DWI second cases, so this is not a rare charge. It is one that has to be handled with care from day one. Board Certified in Criminal Law. Former Tarrant County prosecutors. Free consultation. Call (817) 203-2220 for a Free Consultation Request a Free Case Review What Is a DWI Second (DWI Misdemeanor Repetition) in Texas? A DWI second is a hybrid Class A misdemeanor. It carries the standard Class A range of up to one year in county jail, but with a twist most misdemeanors do not have: a mandatory minimum of 30 days in jail and required jail time even on probation. The burden of proof and every element other than the prior conviction are the same as a first DWI. The State still has to prove the stop, the investigation, and the breath or blood test. For how those cases are built and defended, see our guide to DWI defense in Fort Worth. Why Choose Our Fort Worth DWI Second Offense Team A second DWI is the wrong case for a general practitioner. Our Fort Worth team includes a Board Certified Criminal Law specialist and former Tarrant County prosecutors who know how the Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney's Office charges and proves enhanced DWIs: Benson Varghese is Board Certified in Criminal Law, the highest designation an attorney can earn in Texas, and has tried more than 100 state and federal cases before juries. He prosecuted in Fort Worth as an Assistant District Attorney at the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office (2010 to 2014) and served as staff attorney to a Tarrant County Criminal District Court, so he knows these courts and this DA's office from the inside. Alex Thornton is a Senior Associate based in Fort Worth whose practice focuses on DWI defense, intoxication offenses, and ALR and occupational license matters in Tarrant County and the surrounding courts. Sheena Winkfield spent nearly five years as a felony prosecutor in Tarrant and Dallas Counties. Across the firm, including intoxication assault and intoxication manslaughter, our attorneys have tried nearly 200 intoxication-related jury trials. Jail as a Condition of Probation on a Second DWI This is the rule that surprises clients most. Even a probated sentence for a DWI second requires time in jail. How much depends on how recent the prior was: Prior DWI within the last five years: minimum 5 days in jail as a condition of... > Christy Jack is a nationally-recognized criminal defense attorney who has tried more than 200 cases before a jury during her legal career. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/christy-jack/ Christy Jack Partner Christy Jack is a nationally-recognized attorney who has tried more than 200 criminal cases before a jury. Her courtroom skills and expertise have led to appearances on 48 Hours, Dateline, Investigation Discovery, Cold Case, Forensic Files, Court TV, and Prosecuting Evil, among others. Nationwide, there are few attorneys who have her level of experience handling capital murder cases. In addition to death penalty litigation, Christy has tried numerous high-profile murder and sexual assault cases during her 33-year legal career. She has been named a Top Attorney by Fort Worth Magazine and 360 West magazine every year since going into private practice. In 2017, she was named a Great Woman of Texas by the Fort Worth Business Press and a Best Lawyer by D Magazine. Prior to becoming a criminal defense attorney, Christy was a prosecutor at the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office for more than two decades. She worked through the ranks of the misdemeanor section, felony trial division, and Crimes Against Children Unit before becoming a chief prosecutor for 15 years. She finished her time at the prosecutor’s office as a deputy chief and one of only two litigation experts. Recognized by former Governor Rick Perry for her experience in sexual assault cases, Christy was appointed in 2011 to the Governing Board of Texas Civil Commitment Office, which oversees the state’s most violent sex offenders. In 2014, she was tapped by Gov. Perry to head the board and was sworn in as the new chair. Governor Greg Abbott reappointed her to this position, which she holds today. She is also a former past-Chair of the Criminal Justice Section of the State Bar of Texas, which is made up of over 3100 criminal lawyers across the State of Texas. Christy also previously served as an appointed director on the Tarrant County Bar Association Board of Directors. When she is not in the courtroom, Christy Jack can often be found teaching and speaking about criminal justice issues. Education Texas Tech University School of Law Juris Doctor, 1991 Baylor University Bachelor of Business Administration, Cum Laude, 1988 Honors, Awards, and Appointments Selected to Best Lawyers in America, 2025 Chair, Governing Board of Texas Civil Commitment Office, Gubernatorial Appointments (Gov. Rick Perry and Gov. Gregg Abbott), 2011-Present Appointed Director, Tarrant County Bar Association Board of Directors, 2022-2023 Past Chair, Criminal Justice Section of the State Bar of Texas, 2016-2017 Selected to Super Lawyers, Texas Super Lawyers, 2019 - Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2016 - Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2016 - Present Top Attorney, Southlake Style, 2024, 2025 Best Lawyer in Dallas, D Magazine, 2017 - 2018 Great Woman of Texas, Fort Worth Business Press, 2017 Daniel H. Benson Public Service Award, Texas Tech Law Alumni Association, 2017 Co-Recipient of the Chris Marshall Award for state-wide training, 2014 Go-To Lawyer for Criminal Prosecution, Texas Lawyer Magazine, 2011 President, TCU KinderFrogs Teacher Parents Association, 2010 Profiled in Fort Worth Business Press, 2007 Nominated for Top Business Women of... > Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle or UUMV is Texas is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in State Jail. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/uumv/ Unauthorized Use Of A Motor Vehicle (UUMV) In Texas What is Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle? Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle without the owner’s consent. It is also referred to as "joyriding," and often occurs when a teen takes a vehicle without their parent's permission. This statute is different from the general theft statute because, with this type of offense, the offender intends to return the vehicle to its rightful owner. As a result, the level of offense is not driven by the value of the vehicle that was taken. If you've been charged with UUMV, consider reaching out to a Fort Worth joyriding lawyer for help. What is a UUMV in Fort Worth? UUMV is short for "Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle. " While most people think of UUMV as taking a car, a person can be charged with UUMV for taking a boat, airplane, or any motor-propelled vehicle without permission. For example, a teenager who sneaks out at night and takes his mother’s car could be convicted of joyriding - even if the vehicle is returned a short time later. The main difference between joyriding, aka unauthorized use of a vehicle, and stealing a car is the type of deprivation that the offender intends to commit. In other words, whether he or she intends to permanently or temporarily deprive the owner of the vehicle. If you are investigated for either offense, you will need a criminal defense attorney who understands the distinction and can fight for the best outcome in your case. What is the Punishment for Joyriding? A UUMV charge is a state jail felony in Texas, which is punishable by 180 days to 2 years in state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. It is also considered a "crime of moral turpitude," which means a conviction can impact the defendant's ability to get a job, a house or into school. How a Fort Worth UUMV Attorney Might Help with a Case Since consent is a common defense to the charge of unauthorized use of a vehicle, the main issue for prosecutors becomes whether the owner consented to the defendant’s use of the car on that particular occasion. The fact that the owner permitted the defendant to drive the car on a previous occasion is not enough to establish consent. If you have been arrested or charged with joyriding, call our team of Fort Worth Unauthorized Use of Motor Vehicle lawyers for help today. Call us at (817) 203-2220 or reach out online. For more information regarding the offense, please reference the Texas Penal Code 31. 07. > We have put together the most useful of our community resources for you. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/community-resources/ Community Resources Scholarships Autism Scholarship Down Syndrome Scholarship Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship Community Involvement Scholarships Tarrant County Resources Tarrant County Court Parking Tarrant County Diversion Programs Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program (DPP) Tarrant County DWI Court Tarrant County Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP) Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program (FODP) Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program Tarrant County RISE Program Tarrant County YODA Program Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI) Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center Tarrant County’s Juvenile Diversion Programs Tarrant County Drug Tests Tarrant County Family Court Tarrant County IV-D Court Tarrant County Parenting Classes Tarrant County’s 323rd District Court BIPP Classes Tarrant County Anger Management In Tarrant County Juvenile Resources Texas Juvenile Hearings Texas Juvenile Intake Process Texas Juvenile Records Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation Program Dallas County Resources BIPP Classes in Dallas Dallas County Diversion Programs Dallas County Criminal Courts Community Service in Dallas County Facilities County Jail Time Credit Calculator Wise County Criminal Courts Parker County Jail Johnson County Jail Northern District Of Texas Texas State Jail Facilities Dallas County Jail Other Resources Community Service TAIP Assessment BAC Calculator Pathways to Hope > Letty Martinez is an experienced defense attorney and Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist. She has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/letty-martinez/ Letty Martinez Leticia “Letty” Martinez is a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist who has extensive experience handling state and federal criminal cases, specifically sexual abuse allegations and all levels of violent offenses. Prior to becoming a criminal defense attorney, Letty had more than 20 years of prosecutorial experience. She was assigned to nearly every division of the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office, including Juvenile, Crimes Against Children and Gang. She was promoted to Chief of the Family Violence Unit and Crimes Against Children Unit. She also served as Deputy Chief of the Misdemeanor Division, where she supervised more than 20 attorneys. Letty also served as an Assistant U. S. Attorney in the Criminal Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Texas. In 2014, Letty’s vast expertise led to an appointment by Governor Rick Perry to the Child Fatality Review Team Committee, which develops procedures to reduce the number of preventable child deaths. In February 2018, she was appointed by Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick to the same committee. When she is not in the courtroom, Letty enjoys sharing her expertise and experience with law school students. In 2023, Baylor Law School voted to approve her as an adjunct member of the Baylor Law faculty. She currently teaches the Practiced Court Program. Above all else, Letty is an experienced trial attorney who has tried more than 100 cases before Texas juries, including capital murders, murders, robberies, assaults, sexual assaults, and other aggravated felonies. Education Baylor University School of Law J. D. 1994 Baylor University Bachelor of Music, Piano Performance 1990 Bar Admissions State Bar of Texas U. S. District Court Northern District of Texas Honors and Awards Adjunct Member of the Baylor Law School Faculty, 2023 - Present Super Lawyer, Super Lawyer Magazine, 2022 - Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2017 - Present Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2016 - Present Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Honored by Easter Seals North Texas’ Hats Off to Mothers for her contributions to the community and dedication to children, 2019 Child Fatality Review Team Committee, Gubernatorial Appointment, 2018 - Present Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2005, 2006, 2008 Protect Our Kids Commission, appointed by Gov. Rick Perry, 2014 > Lisa Herrick is a Partner at Varghese Summersett, where she specializes in juvenile law and complex cases involving minors and young adults. Lisa is Board Certified in Juvenile Law. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/lisa-herrick/ Lisa Herrick Partner | Board Certified Juvenile Law Specialist Lisa Herrick is a Partner at Varghese Summersett, where she specializes in juvenile law and complex criminal cases involving minors and young adults. Lisa is Board Certified in Juvenile Law – a designation held by only 68 attorneys in the state of Texas and just three in Tarrant County. Being certified in juvenile law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization puts Lisa in an elite class of lawyers who are considered experts in cases involving youth under age 17. Lisa’s expertise in this area of law sets Varghese Summersett apart from other criminal defense firms in North Texas and ensures that our younger clients receive the best possible representation so they can get their lives back on track. And while Lisa is an expert juvenile attorney, she is also highly skilled in adult criminal cases, including sex offenses, violent felonies, and serious property crimes. Before going into private practice as a defense attorney, Lisa served as a prosecutor in the Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney’s Office for more than eight years. Lisa has handled hundreds of cases, ranging from theft to capital murder, and has taken more than 80 cases to jury trial. Her vast experience as a former prosecutor gives her unique insight into how the other side thinks and operates, which she now uses to vigorously defend people on the other side of the docket. Although Lisa has a special place for teens and young adults, she is a fierce advocate for all our clients—no matter how young or old or for what they are accused. Lisa understands that being charged with a crime can be a life-changing event, and she is dedicated to providing each client with personalized attention and the best possible outcome in every case. Education University of Oklahoma College of Law, Juris Doctor University of Oklahoma, B. S. in Sociology Practice Areas Juvenile Defense State Criminal Defense Felonies Misdemeanors Violent Offenses Sex Crimes Intoxication Offenses Drug Charges Property Crimes Memberships, Honors, and Awards Board Certified in Juvenile Law, 2020 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2020-Present Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Top Attorney, 360 West, 2020- Present Rising Star, Super Lawyers magazine, 2024 The National Trial Lawyers – Top 100 Trial Lawyers, 2023 Tarrant County Bar Association Tarrant County Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Juvenile Law Section, State Bar of Texas Criminal Justice Section, State Bar of Texas University of Oklahoma Alumni Club of Fort Worth Former Adjunct Professor at Tarrant County College Law Enforcement Academy Former Guest Presenter at Texas Christian University’s Course in Legal Issues in Law Enforcement https://youtu. be/2sX6Rh5BS0Y > There are 21 ways federal obstruction of justice charges can be filed. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with our federal defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-obstruction-of-justice/ What Is Federal Obstruction Of Justice? In its most basic definition, obstruction of justice occurs when someone prevents a part of the legal system from proceeding by interfering with government investigations or processes or the people involved, such as investigators, prosecutors, judges, jurors, victims, or witnesses. Federal obstruction of justice covers many potential offenses and is often described as a crime against the justice system itself. Misleading or lying to investigators is a typical example of federal obstruction of justice. Bribing a government official, destroying evidence, or giving a false alibi to protect a friend or family member are also classic examples of obstruction of justice. Federal Obstruction Of Justice Obstruction of justice has been a hot topic in the news for years, with a government official or celebrity being accused seemingly every other month. This federal offense can be complicated to understand because obstruction of justice covers a wide range of different actions. It’s also a charge that often stems from an investigation for a separate, original crime. Remember Martha Stewart going to prison? It was for obstruction of justice – not her original crime – which was insider trading and securities fraud. She served 10 months in prison for lying to investigators, not for financial crimes. The complexity of this offense illustrates why it’s imperative to hire an experienced federal criminal defense attorney if you or a loved one has been contacted by investigators, whether they’re investigating you or someone you know. In this article, we’ll explain what obstruction of justice means, the potential punishment for a conviction, and give examples of real federal obstruction accusations. What constitutes federal obstruction of justice? There are 21 specific types of obstruction of justice listed in Title 18, Chapter 73 of the U. S. Code, including: Assault on a process server (1501) Resistance to an extradition agent (1502) Influencing or injuring an officer or juror (1503) Influencing a juror by writing (1504) Obstruction of proceedings before department, agencies and committees (1505) Theft or alteration of record or process (1506) Picketing or parading (1507) Recording, listening to or observing proceeding or grand juries while deliberating or voting (1508) Obstruction of court orders (1509) Obstruction of criminal investigations (1510) Obstruction of state or local law enforcement (1511) Tampering with a witness, victim, or informant (1512) Retaliating against a witness, victim or informant (1513) Civil action to restrain harassment of a victim or witness (1514) Civil action to protect against retaliation in fraud cases (1514A) Definitions for certain provisions (1515) Obstruction of a federal audit (1516) Obstructing examination of a financial institution (1517) Obstruction of criminal investigations of health care crimes (1518) Destruction, alteration or falsification of records in federal investigations and bankruptcy (1519) Destruction of corporate audit records (1520) Retaliating against a federal judge or law enforcement by false claim or slander (1521) What is the punishment for obstruction? Because the types of obstruction of justice vary, so does the range in punishment. A federal conviction for obstruction of justice is generally punishable... > Aggravated sexual assault compared to sexual assault in Texas - understand the critical differences and how that may affect your case. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/aggravated-sexual-assault/ Aggravated Sexual Assault vs. Sexual Assault in Texas What is Aggravated Sexual Assault in Texas? Penal Code Section 22. 021 defines aggravated sexual assault in Texas as a sexual assault that involves additional circumstances that increase the severity of the offense. These circumstances include causing serious bodily injury, using a deadly weapon, or committing an assault against a child, elderly, or disabled individual. What is sexual assault in Texas? Sexual assault in Texas is defined as an intentional and non-consensual act of sexual contact or penetration, under the Texas Penal Code Section 22. 011. This criminal offense encompasses a range of behaviors where one person forces or coerces another to engage in a sexual act without their consent. What's the difference between Aggravated Sexual Assault and Sexual Assault in Texas? Sexual assault in Texas generally refers to an adult sexual assault that lacks any "aggravating" factor and is a second degree felony in Texas. Aggravated sexual assault in Texas, on the other hand, is sexual assault with an aggravating factor such as age, the threat of injury, actual injury, or disability. Aggravated sexual assault is generally a first degree felony in Texas. Sexual Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault Penal Code 22. 011 Penal Code 22. 021 Second Degree Felony First Degree Felony (Generally) 2-20 years in prison 5-99 years or life in prison -- No probation from jury if victim is below 14 No probation from jury if sentence is 10 years or more No probation from jury if sentence is 10 years or more Deferred adjudication is possible Deferred adjudication is not possible for a second offense Lifetime registration as a sex offender Lifetime registration as a sex offender What's the difference between Aggravated Sexual Assault and Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? Aspect Aggravated Sexual Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Definition Sexual assault with aggravating factors such as serious bodily injury, use of a deadly weapon, or victim vulnerability due to age or disability. Sexual assault with similar aggravating factors specifically against a child (under the age of 17). Victim's Age Can be an adult or a child, depending on the specific circumstances. Always a child, defined as someone under the age of 17. Aggravating Factors Serious bodily injury, use of a deadly weapon, administering a date-rape drug, or victim's particular vulnerability. Similar to those in Aggravated Sexual Assault but the victim's age (child) is an inherent aggravating factor. Penalties Typically a first-degree felony with penalties including 5 to 99 years or life in prison and substantial fines. Generally a first-degree felony with enhanced penalties possible, especially for victims younger than 6, or under 14 with an aggravating factor. Can lead to life imprisonment without parole in some cases. Some charges can also become "super aggravated" with a 25-year minimum prison sentence. Learn more about aggravated sexual assault of a child. Learn more about super aggravated sexual assault of a child. Aggravated Sexual Assault in Texas Being accused of aggravated sexual assault is one of... > The Texas Abortion Law has been under scrutiny since it passed. Learn about the current status of the law and state-wide interpretation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-06-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-abortion-law/ Texas Abortion Law The Texas abortion law prohibits physicians from performing abortions once a fetal heartbeat is detected. The Texas Heartbeat Bill became state law with a trigger in place that subjected it to a Supreme Court ruling which has now effectively enabled it. This legislation went into effect on September 1, 2021, sparking heated debates and legal challenges throughout the nation. May 31, 2024 Update Texas Supreme Court Rules Against Abortion Law Injunction Upholding Texas Abortion Law On May 31, 2024, the Texas Supreme Court issued its ruling in Zurawski v. State. In Zurawski, twenty women and two doctors claimed the Texas abortion law's restrictions caused significant harm by stopping doctors from performing medically necessary abortions. In August, a judge in Travis County issued a temporary injunction. This injunction allowed Texans with complicated pregnancies to get abortions if their doctor believed it was necessary. However, the Texas Attorney General's Office appealed this decision, leading to the Texas Supreme Court's review. The Attorney General argued that the high bar set by Texas for qualifying for an abortion is constitutional. The plaintiffs' lawyers countered that the law's vague language leaves doctors unsure of when they can act, which endangers women's lives. In its opinion, the Texas Supreme Court wrote Texas law permits a physician to address the risk that a life-threatening condition poses before a woman suffers the consequences of that risk. A physician who tells a patient, “Your life is threatened by a complication that has arisen during your pregnancy, and you may die, or there is a serious risk you will suffer substantial physical impairment unless an abortion is performed,” and in the same breath states “but the law won’t allow me to provide an abortion in these circumstances” is simply wrong in that legal assessment. As a result, the Texas Supreme Court concluded the plaintiffs had not shown the Texas abortion law was unconstitutional. March 24, 2024 Update The Texas Medical Board has proposed guidance for exceptions to the state's multiple abortion bans, aiming to clarify what qualifies as an exception in medical emergencies. This move comes as Texas, along with 13 other states, has ceased nearly all abortion services following the U. S. Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade. The guidance has not yet been adopted by the board; it has been released for public comment to address physicians' confusion regarding the abortion bans. Despite the guidance, critics, including three women suing Texas over its abortion bans and the Center for Reproductive Rights, argue that it falls short of providing clear exceptions and does not adequately protect lifesaving care for pregnant mothers. The Texas Medical Board has stated that it is not within their jurisdiction to determine what the law should be but rather to elaborate on how physicians can provide care within the current legal framework. December 2023 Update on Texas Abortion Law The Texas Supreme Court on December 11, 2023, in In re State of Texas, No. 23-0994, took up the lawsuit of... > If you have been arrested for federal structuring, contact our firm as soon as possible to understand how to best proceed under the circumstances. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/structuring/ Federal Structuring Charges and Suspicious Activity Reports in Fort Worth Structuring is a federal crime in which a person that alleges a person made withdrawals or deposits under $10,000 in a manner intended to avoid the Suspicious Activity Reports. A Suspicious Activity Report (SAR) is a document that banks and other financial institutions file to document possible money laundering. A Currency Transaction Report must be filed whenever an individual deposits, withdraws, conducts any transaction involving currency of more than $10,000. If a person deposits cash in increments designed to avoid a Currency Transaction Requirement (CTR) by breaking up large sums of money into smaller amounts of money, that person is possibly committing structuring. (31 U. S. C. 5324) Structuring is illegal regardless of whether the money that has been deposited is connected to any crime. That means that the Government does not need to show that the cash is drug money, proceeds of a fraud, or even meant to be omitted from any tax reporting for the depositor (or withdrawer) to be prosecuted. Criminal Structuring - An Example of Criminal Structuring of Transactions If the owner of a laundromat makes $12,000 in cash one day and decides that she doesn’t want to have a CTR go out for a deposit of more than $10,000, she may choose to deposit $9,000 the following morning and the other $3,000 that same afternoon. If this was done to specifically avoid that report, then the law has been broken and that owner is said to have structured cash. Also, if a car dealership sells a car for $17,000 in cash and fails to file a Form 8300 notifying the Government that it sold a piece of merchandise for more than $10,000 in cash, then that person can also be convicted for violating 31 U. S. C. 5324. Structuring and Asset Forfeiture The 2 most common bases for seizure are that property either facilitates crime or constitutes proceeds of crime. Facilitating property is simply property that makes a crime easier to commit. Most people know that the enactment of the Patriot Act gave the Government significant powers to monitor citizens. But what also came with that legislation were significant duties placed upon banks, money service businesses, casinos, and merchants selling merchandise worth more than $10,000 to report suspicious activities. If an employee of a financial institution sees something they regard as suspicious, such as receiving cash that smells like marijuana, or issuing large sums of casino chips that are not gambles but rather turned back into the casino for issuance of a casino check, then they are obligated to file a SAR. The end result is the federal government may come knocking on your door - or worse - seizing your assets for what was nothing more that an oversight or activity that resembled structuring. In the old days structuring was rarely prosecuted and truth be told, agents are not typically nearly as interested in prosecuting “structurers” as they are forfeiting structured monies. Nonetheless, 31... > Intoxication charges range from Class C public intox to 2nd-degree intoxication manslaughter. Speak to an intoxication crimes lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-intoxication-crimes-lawyer/ Fort Worth Intoxication Crimes Lawyer Intoxication crimes generally refer to offenses that occur as a result of being under the influence of alcohol, drugs or both. They include DWI, boating while intoxicated, intoxication assault and intoxication manslaughter, among others. Intoxication charges can have far-reaching consequences. These types of cases can impact your family, your future, and your freedom. They can also be very complex and challenging. That’s why it’s crucial to contact an experienced intoxication crimes lawyer as soon as possible if you are facing an intoxication-related charge. Our Fort Worth intoxication crimes attorneys are experienced in handling all types of intoxication offenses and have a proven record of success. Our criminal defense attorneys will thoroughly investigate your case, scrutinize all of the facts and evidence, and develop the best defense strategy possible. What are Texas' Intoxication Crimes? There are nine intoxication and alcoholic beverage charges listed in Chapter 49 of the Texas Penal Code. Most are very common charges that you have heard about. Others are less familiar. They include: Public Intoxication Public intoxication occurs when a person is so intoxicated in public that they pose a danger to themselves or others. Public intoxication is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by up to a $500 fine. Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in Motor Vehicle (Open Container) Texas’ open container law prohibits an individual from possessing an open container of alcohol in a vehicle on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being driven, stopped or parked. Possessing an alcoholic beverage in a motor vehicle is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable up to a $500 fine. Driving While Intoxicated In Texas, a motorist can be charged with Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) if he or she is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Under the law, a driver is considered intoxicated if he or she does not have normal use of their mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs or a combination of both, or the driver has a blood alcohol concentration of at least . 08. A first-time DWI conviction is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in the county jail. However, the punishment can go up if the driver’s BAC is over . 15 or if he or she has previous convictions for DWI. Driving While Intoxicated with Child Passenger A person commits the offense of DWI with a child passenger if he or she is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle that is occupied with a passenger who is under age 15. DWI with a child passenger is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility. Flying While Intoxicated A pilot can be charged with Flying While Intoxicated (FWI) if he or she operates an aircraft while intoxicated. Specifically, the Federal Aviation Administration prohibits pilots from operating an aircraft within eight hour hours of having consumed alcohol and they must not have a blood alcohol content of . 04 or... > The government is cracking down on suspected federal healthcare fraud in Fort Worth and throughout the Northern District of Texas. Call Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/healthcare/ Federal Healthcare Fraud in Fort Worth Because federal healthcare fraud costs the government and taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars every year, both the federal government as well as the Texas Attorney General’s Office devote massive resources to prosecute it. Individuals and organizations accused of committing health care fraud are liable for civil and criminal penalties under both systems. In Texas, there are thousands of healthcare providers and more than 4 million Medicaid recipients. As a result, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent to provide such care and the potential for abuse is ripe. In fiscal year 2017, the federal government won or negotiated more than 2. 4 billion in health care fraud judgments or settlements, and 639 defendants were convicted of health care fraud related crimes. These numbers support massive federal and state investigative efforts specifically designed to accuse and imprison healthcare providers believed to be connected to fraud. Doctors, hospitals, nursing homes, pharmacies, medical equipment suppliers, laboratories, medical transportation services, home healthcare agencies, rehab facilities, chemical dependency treatment centers, adult day care facilities, dentists, and other professionals in the medical industry are highly regulated and scrutinized. Difference between Medicaid and Medicare Most people have heard of the Medicaid and Medicare programs but few people actually know the distinction between the two programs. Below is a summary of the differences between the two programs. Medicaid is a financial assistance program that serves low-income patients of any age. Patients usually do not pay any costs for covered medical expenses. A small co-payment may sometimes be required. Medicaid is a federal-state cost sharing program that is administered by state governments in compliance with federal guidelines. Medicare is an insurance program for elderly patients. The patient’s medical bills are paid from trust funds, which have been paid into by those it covers. It serves people age 65 and older and has no income restrictions. The program also provides care for younger disabled people and dialysis patients. Patients usually pay part of costs through deductibles for hospital stays and other costs. Medicare is a federal program and administered by the U. S. government. It is the same everywhere in the United States and is run by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which is a federal agency. Typical Types of Cases Investigated by the Government The following are typical accusations the government makes against Medicaid/Medicare providers: Double billing for services- A provider bills both Medicaid and a private insurance company or the recipient for treatment. In the alternative, two providers will request payment for the same recipient for the same procedure on the same date. Billing for services not provided - A provider bills for services that were never performed. This can include billing tests or x-rays that were never given, or a home health care agency or hospital that continues to bill for services rendered to a patient who is no longer a patient of the facility either because of a death or transfer to a different facility. Billing for... > Securities fraud carries up to 25 years in federal prison. Consult with our federal criminal defense lawyers to mount a strong defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/securities-fraud/ What is Securities Fraud in Texas? Securities Fraud in Texas Securities fraud cases involve somewhat foreign terminology and details of investment activity that are not necessarily in the scope of most people’s daily lives. First, the term "security" is a ‘term of art’ under the law and within businesses. In most cases, the term simply means either an ownership interest in a company, such as a stock, or loaner’s interest in either a company or a public project, such as corporate or municipal bonds. There are also securities relating to the right to collect revenue from a mine or oil rig. Second, the term"misrepresentation" means just what it sounds like. That is, when someone sells any type of security that person has a duty under the law to avoid misleading investors. This is because the law acknowledges the complexity of securities transactions as well as the lack of familiarity persons have in this arena. Third, a broker is simply someone who arranges the sale of securities to customers. Fourth, the terms "customer and investor" are virtually identical in this area of the law. So how does this apply to the case against the Attorney General? What are Texas Securities Laws? Specifically, the Texas Securities Act requires brokers to ensure that their license to sell securities does not lapse. This is cited under section 29(i) of the Texas Securities Act. Further, the Act also requires brokers to avoid misleading investors. This is cited under 29(e) of the Act. This means that Texas treats the discussions, representations, promises, and written materials within the sale of a security as secularly sacrosanct. That is, such conversations should not include deception or ambiguity. Also, under TEX. REV. CIV. STAT. ANN. art. 581–29(C) it is illegal to (1) engage in any fraud or fraudulent practice; (2) employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud; or (3) knowingly make any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in the light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading. What Does Federal Securities Laws Include? Federally, deceptive conduct regarding securities is also prohibited. Under 18 USC 1341 and 1343, it is illegal to deceive persons using mail or wire systems. While mail and wire fraud are not exclusively used to prosecute deceptive securities transactions, they certainly could be. Also, the Securities Exchange Act under 15 U. S. C. § 78j(b) states: It shall be unlawful for any person, directly or indirectly, by the use of any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce or of the mails, or of any facility of any national securities exchange... (b) To use or employ, in connection with the purchase or sale of any security registered on a national securities exchange or any security not so registered, any manipulative or deceptive device or contrivance in contravention of such rules and regulations as the Commission may prescribe as necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the... > Fort Worth and Tarrant County are now "No Refusal" all the time. Find out what this really means and what you should do if stopped for DWI. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/no-refusal-weekend/ No Refusal in Fort Worth and Tarrant County Tarrant County is "No Refusal" all the time. In October 2020, officials announced that "No Refusal" program is in effect year-round. In the past, these initiatives were usually held for several days over holiday periods, including Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Years, in an effort to deter drunken driving. During this specified time periods, law enforcement agencies implemented resources that allowed them to get warrants to quickly draw blood from suspected drunk drivers who refuse to give a breath or blood sample. Prosecutors widely supported these efforts for the deterrent effect "No Refusal" weekends in Fort Worth have on drinking and driving. Now that it's in effect year-round, every day is a 'No Refusal' in Tarrant County. Find out what this means. So, You Can't Refuse to Blow or Give Blood during a No Refusal? While the name of the initiative may lead you to believe that drivers do not have the right to refuse a breath or blood test, that is not the case. "No Refusal" actually means that a refusal won't keep an officer from getting a warrant to obtain your blood. You can (and should) still refuse. What Exactly is "No Refusal" in Tarrant County? Generally, anytime you are pulled over for suspicion of driving while intoxicated, an officer will ask you to take field sobriety tests and/or submit to a breath or blood test. Your options are to either consent or refuse all of those tests. If you consent, the officer proceeds with the tests. However, if you refuse the tests, the officer must obtain a search warrant if he wants to get a sample of your blood. This is true every day of the year. The point of "No Refusal" is to put everyone on high alert that officers are watching for drunken drivers. The purpose is to discourage anyone who has been drinking from getting behind the wheel. But this does not mean you cannot refuse. Be aware that if an officer detects an odor of alcohol on your breath, he is likely to ask you to do field sobriety tests, which is likely going to lead to an arrest. Just because you have had a drink, does not mean you are intoxicated. It is legal to drive in Texas after you have been drinking, as long as you are not intoxicated. Yet, at the arrest stage, the officer is only trying to develop probable cause for the arrest. The question at that moment is not whether there is proof beyond a reasonable doubt that you are actually guilty. To Consent or Not to Consent? That is the Question. Do not consent to a breath or blood test if you have been pulled over for suspected drunk driving. It’s important to understand that if you refuse to take a breath or blood test in Texas, an officer must obtain a search warrant to obtain a breath or blood test. From a defense... > Antitrust laws are codified under the Sherman Act and Clayton Act. Call our Fort Worth federal antitrust lawyer to book a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/antitrust/ A federal antitrust lawyer defends individuals and corporations accused of violating laws that prohibit anti-competitive business practices. These charges carry severe penalties, including fines up to $100 million for corporations and up to 10 years in federal prison for individuals. At Varghese Summersett, our team includes former federal prosecutors who have handled complex white collar investigations on both sides of the courtroom. Federal antitrust violations are among the most aggressively prosecuted white collar crimes in the United States. The Department of Justice's Antitrust Division treats price fixing, bid rigging, and market allocation as "per se" illegal, meaning prosecutors do not need to prove intent. If your business is under investigation or you have received a target letter, contacting an experienced federal defense attorney immediately can make a significant difference in the outcome of your case. What Are Federal Antitrust Laws? Federal antitrust laws are statutes designed to protect free market competition by prohibiting business practices that unfairly eliminate competitors or artificially control prices. The two primary federal antitrust statutes are the Sherman Act and the Clayton Act. The Sherman Act (15 U. S. C. §§ 1-7) focuses on agreements between competitors that restrain trade. It also prohibits monopolization and attempts to monopolize any part of interstate commerce. The Clayton Act (15 U. S. C. §§ 12-27) addresses specific anti-competitive practices not explicitly covered by the Sherman Act, such as certain mergers and interlocking directorates. Violations of either statute are federal felonies prosecuted by the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice. What Are the Penalties for Federal Antitrust Violations? The penalties for federal antitrust crimes are among the harshest in white collar criminal law. Under the Sherman Act, convicted defendants face: For Corporations: Fines up to $100 million per violation Alternative fines up to twice the gain from the illegal conduct or twice the loss caused to victims Criminal forfeiture of assets obtained through the violation For Individuals: Fines up to $1 million per violation Up to 10 years in federal prison Alternative fines up to twice the personal gain or victim loss The Clayton Act carries the same punishment range. Beyond criminal penalties, companies and individuals may face civil lawsuits from injured parties seeking triple damages under federal law. What Is Market Allocation? Market allocation occurs when competing businesses agree to divide territories, customers, or product lines among themselves rather than competing openly. For example, two manufacturers might agree that one will sell only in Texas while the other sells only in Oklahoma. This eliminates competition and allows each company to charge higher prices within their designated area. Market allocation schemes are per se violations of the Sherman Act. Prosecutors do not need to prove the agreement harmed consumers or that the defendants intended to break the law. The agreement itself is the crime. What Is Bid Rigging? Bid rigging happens when businesses that should be competing for a contract secretly coordinate their bids. The most common form is complementary bidding, where competitors submit intentionally high bids to ensure... > What is a proffer interview in a Fort Worth federal criminal case? Learn about the pros and cons and how to best proceed by reaching out to an attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/proffer/ Proffer Interviews in Fort Worth Federal Criminal Cases Hollywood often portrays a cooperator as someone who wears a wire and goes undercover for federal agents. While this happens, and we have navigated some clients through such arrangements, the far more common method of cooperation is rarely discussed or portrayed on the screen: the proffer interview. If you are looking to learn more about proffer interviews in federal criminal cases in Fort Worth and throughout Texas, meet with a knowledgeable lawyer today. What is a proffer interview? Put simply, a proffer interview, also known as a “king for a day” or “free talk,” takes place when a criminal defendant agrees to speak with federal and local law enforcement agents to provide information that might be useful in making cases against other persons. While these interviews can be an avenue to significantly reduce a federal sentence, there are perils and pitfalls that can cause substantial harm to a defendant. The decision to cooperate with authorities should be made after consulting with an attorney who has expertise in the practice of federal criminal law and a full understanding of a defendant’s case and particular circumstances. Before discussing the benefits and costs of a proffer interview, it is important to point out that speaking with law enforcement officials without an attorney present is a dangerous proposition. Most of the time, interviews with law enforcement officials without an attorney present end up being confessions that seal a person’s fate. If there was any room to establish innocence or challenge guilt, many people facing charges succumb to the sophisticated interrogation techniques of law enforcement officers. As stated before, the decision to participate in a law enforcement interview is an important one with massive legal consequences and should only be done with the advice of an attorney. Moreover, interviews, if they are advisable, should only take place with that attorney present. The Perils of Proffers First and foremost, successful proffers require a cooperator to admit his or her own guilt. It is very rare that a person could dispute his own guilt but convince authorities that they have reliable and credible information about other people. Typically, proffers and 5k1 departures accompany guilty pleas. That means that people who dispute their own guilt should generally avoid participating in a proffer interview. Further, if there is a significant legal defense then a proffer should be avoided. Also, many defendants elect not to participate in law enforcement interviews for various reasons. First and foremost, some defendants do not want to be viewed as a snitch or have an affinity for the people for which they would be telling agents about. This is a normative position that is ultimately in the defendant’s hands. However, it is important to recognize that many people in the federal system cooperate and such loyalty is often misplaced. It is also important to consider that most defendants put themselves in their situation and serious thought should be given whether protecting a person who has broken the... > Aiding Suicide in Fort Worth can be a misdemeanor or felony depending on the conduct. Schedule a consultation with the defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/aiding-suicide/ Aiding Suicide In Fort Worth As a general rule, it is against the law for one person to assist another person in committing suicide. In fact, it is often a felony offense in Fort Worth. As with most laws, there are a series of elements that must be met before the state can convict someone of this offense. First, the person must have what is referred to in the law as “specific intent. ” If the actor specifically intends to promote another’s suicide by his or her actions, word, or deed, they have committed the offense of aiding another’s suicide or attempted suicide. Second, if a person assists in another’s commission or attempted commission of suicide, this also constitutes the offense of aiding suicide or attempting aided suicide. Examples could include providing someone a weapon to accomplish ending that person's life or searching the internet to discover different ways to kill oneself and sharing those with someone contemplating suicide. Reference Penal Code Section 22. 08 for more information. Punishments for Aiding Suicide The extent to which someone can be punished for aiding a suicide or attempted suicide depends not on the conduct of the actor, but rather on the result achieved by the person attempting to commit suicide. The conduct, standing alone, is a Class C misdemeanor. If the conduct either causes suicide or attempted suicide, and the result is serious bodily injury, the conduct is punishable as a state jail felony. State jail felonies are punishable by a minimum of 180 days in jail and a maximum of two years in custody. Class C misdemeanors, on the other hand, are punishable only by a fine of up to $500. 00. Build a Defense Against Charges for Assisting Suicide in Fort Worth To learn more about your legal rights and options if you were charged with aiding suicide in Fort Worth, call us today. > Although you cannot be arrested for speeding in Texas, it's possible to to be charged with other crimes related to excessive speed such as reckless driving. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/arrested-for-speeding-texas/ Can you be arrested for speeding in Texas? They say everything is bigger in Texas, and speed limits are no exception. In fact, the fastest freeway in America — with a speed limit set at 85mph — is on a state highway between Austin and San Antonio. Under state law, the maximum speed on Texas roadways is generally 70 mph, but the Texas Transportation Commission may set a speed limit of 75, 80, or even 85 mph if that speed is determined to be safe and reasonable after an engineering study, according to Texas Department of Transportation. With such high-speed limits, Texans aren’t afraid to put the pedal to the metal – and hundreds of drivers are ticketed each year for speeding. In 2018, the fastest ticketed motorist was the driver of a 2003 Porsche 911 who was stopped for doing 166 mph in a 75 mph zone on I-40 in rural Carson County which raises an interesting question: Can Texans’ lead foot land them behind bars? The short answer: You can't be arrested for "speeding," in Texas. (There are only two traffic offenses for which you cannot be arrested for in Texas - speeding and an open container. ) With that said, there are other offenses a driver could be charged with stemming from excessive speed. Officers can make arrests for racing on a highway and reckless driving. Are High Speed Limits in Texas Safe? According to the Texas Department of Transportation, all speed limits are set at the 85th percentile speed, based on an engineering principle. This means speed limits are set at the maximum safe speed that 85 percent of people drive at a given location, assuming that most drivers are reasonable, do not want to crash, and want to get to their destination as quickly as possible. Speed limits are set lower than the 85th percentile speed only on roads when there are significant safety issues, like curves, hidden driveways, and a history of serious crashes. According to engineers, following safety guidelines, these high speed limits are deemed safe in the state of Texas. What is Reckless Driving? Reckless driving is an offense under the Texas Transportation Code. A broadly written statute, section 545. 401 of the Transportation Code makes it illegal to drive a vehicle "in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. " Reckless Driving is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 30 days in jail and a fine of up to $200. Officers can and do make arrests for excessive or dangerous speeds under this statute. Due to the fact that speed limits are set with the specific purpose of safety in mind — the 85th percentile rule — a speed excessive of that can be considered reckless in regards to safety. Many law enforcement agencies consider 20mph over the speed limit reckless driving if you follow the 85th percentile rule, which makes mathematical sense. Reckless driving is not only associated with high speeds. It can also be considered... > We are honored to accept attorney referrals for all types of personal injury cases in North Texas. Call 817-207-4878 (HURT). - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-11-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorney-referrals/ Attorney Referrals: Why Refer a North Texas Personal Injury Case to Varghese Summersett? As a North Texas legal professional, you’ve probably had a client contact you with a personal injury case that’s outside your area of expertise. When this happens, it’s important to refer your client to an experienced, reputable, compassionate personal injury attorney who you can trust to take care of them and deliver the best possible results. After all, a good attorney referral is a direct reflection of you. We Welcome Attorney Referrals for Personal Injury Cases At Varghese Summersett, we don’t take attorney referrals lightly. We consider them the highest compliments we can receive, and we are committed to providing your client with excellent representation and the personalized attention they deserve. We also understand the value of a strong attorney referral network, which is why we offer referral fees to attorneys who send cases to our firm. We believe this is a mutually beneficial relationship for everyone involved and appreciate the trust attorney partners have placed in us. What Kind of Personal Injury Cases Do You Take on Referral? At Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, we understand the impact a personal injury can have on someone’s life. That’s why we approach every case with compassion and dedication, taking the time to listen to our clients and understand their unique needs. We have the experience and resources to handle even the most complex personal injury cases, including but not limited to: Wrongful death Car accidents Truck accidents Motorcycle accidents Pedestrian accidents Bicycle accidents Slip and fall accidents Premises liability Product liability Animal Bites Personal Injury Attorney Referrals: Why Who You Refer To Matters As an attorney, you want to make sure your clients, friends, and family members get the best possible outcome for their case. That’s why it’s crucial to refer them to a law firm that has the experience, compassion, and resources to handle even the toughest, most complex cases. We pride ourselves on providing exceptional legal services for personal injury cases. Here are some of the reasons why North Texas attorneys, judges, paralegals, and members of the legal community refer cases to Varghese Summersett: Trust. When you refer a client to an attorney, you’re putting your reputation on the line. You want to make sure the attorney you refer them to is respected, reputable, and trusted – both personally and professionally. At Varghese Summersett, we value the trust that attorneys place in us when referring clients. We work hard to earn that trust with each and every attorney referral we receive. Experience. From car and truck accidents to wrongful death claims, our attorneys have the skills, knowledge, resources, and experience to tackle the most complex personal injury cases. When are tried-and-true trial attorneys with a proven track record of success in the courtroom. If we can successfully settle a case to the client’s satisfaction, then that’s what we will do. But if the gloves need to come off, we will never back down from a trial.... > Call a Fort Worth dog fighting lawyer if you have been charged with forcing animals to fight, which can be charged as a felony or misdemeanor - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/dog-fighting/ Fort Worth Dog Fighting Lawyer It should come as no surprise that dog fighting is a felony in Fort Worth. Dog fighting is defined as a situation where a person causes one dog to fight another dog. The most obvious violation of this statute is just that - causing a dog to fight another dog. The dog fighting statute is broader than that violation. If a person receives earnings as a result of dog fighting, they, too, are guilty of the offense. Further, if a person operates a facility which is used for dog fighting, they have also violated the statute. It is also illegal to own a dog with the intent of using it to fight. Similarly, individuals who train dogs for dog fighting violate the law. Finally, even spectators can be charged under Texas’ dog fighting statute. Individuals who own or possess dog fighting equipment, for the purpose of training dogs for dog fighting, or to otherwise advance dog fighting are guilty under the statute. Dog fighting equipment includes equipment used for both training or handling dogs designated to fight. This can include harnesses, treadmills, cages, decoys, pens, feeding apparatus, and houses designed for keeping fighting dogs, as well as training pens. It also includes the equipment necessary for transporting a fighting dog, including cars, trailers, etc. Additionally, equipment used to promote or advertise dog fighting, including printing presses, other similar equipment, paper, ink, etc. , are considered “dog fighting equipment. ” Finally, the dog itself, if trained, being trained, or kept with the intent of fighting other dogs can be considered dog fighting equipment. More information can be found by referencing Texas Penal Code Section 42. 10. What is the punishment for Dog Fighting in Fort Worth? Dog fighting is classified either a state jail felony or a Class A misdemeanor. If you are facing allegations, call a Fort Worth dog fighting lawyer today to protect your rights. > Tiffany Burks is a Partner at Varghese Summersett, where she brings 24 years of trial experience handling some of Tarrant County's toughest cases. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/tiffany-burks/ Tiffany Burks Partner Tiffany Burks is a highly-regarded, universally respected criminal lawyer with more than 24 years of trial experience. When she walks into the courtroom, she brings her A-game — and the other side knows it. High-profile clients, including current NFL players, have chosen Tiffany to represent them for good reason. Prior to becoming a Partner at Varghese Summersett, Tiffany served as a prosecutor for 24 years, earning a reputation as a tough but fair lawyer. She is driven, dedicated, and passionate about the law and justice. Tiffany started her legal career as an Assistant District Attorney in Fort Bend County shortly after graduating from Thurgood Marshall School of Law at Texas Southern University in 1997. Faith and family later drew her back to North Texas, where she served as a prosecutor in the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office for 22 years. She rose through the ranks, retiring in 2021 as a Deputy Chief prosecutor over the criminal division. Over the past two decades, Tiffany has handled thousands of cases, ranging from misdemeanors to murders – and everything in between, including juvenile, gang, and gun crimes. She is at home in the courtroom but also enjoys sharing her knowledge and experience with associate attorneys, a supervisory role she fills at Varghese Summersett. Tiffany has also served on numerous boards, including the Board of Regents of Midwestern State University and as former president of the L. Clifford Davis Legal Association. She has also won numerous awards, including the L. Clifford Davis Legal Excellence Award, the Trailblazer Award, and Extraordinary Minorities in Texas Law from Texas Lawyer Magazine. When she is not in the courtroom, Tiffany enjoys teaching, giving back to her community, and spending time with her family. Education Texas Southern University – Thurgood Marshall School of Law, Juris Doctor, 1997 The University of Texas at Austin, B. A. Sociology and Government, 1993 Practice Areas State Criminal Defense Felonies Homicides Violent Offenses Sex Crimes Gang Crimes Gun Crimes Family Violence Violent Offenses Juvenile Crimes Misdemeanors Intoxication Offenses Drug Charges Property Crimes Honors, Awards & Memberships L. Clifford Davis Legal Excellence Award Trailblazer Award Extraordinary Minorities in Law, Texas Lawyer Magazine Tarrant County Bar Association, Elected Director, 2024 Super Lawyer, Super Lawyers, 2024, 2025 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2023-2024 Top Attorney, Southlake Style, 2024 Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2023-2025 Board of Regents, Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls Past President, L. Clifford Davis Legal Association Tarrant County Bar Association Criminal Justice Section, State Bar of Texas > Possession of drug paraphernalia in Fort Worth is a Class C misdemeanor. To learn more and discuss your case with an attorney, call today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/paraphernalia/ Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Fort Worth Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Texas is a Class C citation, punishable by up to a $500 fine. You cannot go to jail as punishment for mere possession of drug paraphernalia in Texas. Delivery of drug paraphernalia is generally a Class A misdemeanor, while delivery of drug paraphernalia to someone under the age of 18 is a State Jail Felony. Does this mean you should go ahead and plead guilty and pay your fine? In many cases, the answer is, "no. " If you pay the fine and plead guilty you will be accepting a conviction on your record. Examples of Drug Paraphernalia This is a common scenario in every city across Texas: An officer walks up to a car and smells the odor of marijuana in the car. The officer searches the car and finds evidence that marijuana or another drug was recently in the car. The officer charges the person with possession of drug paraphernalia. Common examples include: Drug pipes Rolling papers Scales Plastic baggies Grinders Roach clips When to Hire an Attorney for a Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Fort Worth While we generally leave Class C matters to "ticket attorneys," every year we handle a handful of Class C charges when the charge is from the Tarrant-Dallas area, and the recipient of the citation is a professional or university student who is interested in not only the outcome of the citation but also in a future expunction. There are three ways to avoid a conviction for a Class C citation in Texas. Our first goal is to resolve the ticket through a dismissal, acquittal, or in another fashion that makes the citation expunction-eligible. We also talk to our clients about their expunction possibilities and how quickly they can get an expunction. This varies based on jurisdiction. > An affidavit of non-prosecution in Texas is a sworn statement made by an alleged crime victim expressing their desire not to pursue criminal charges. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/affidavit-of-non-prosecution-in-texas/ What Is An Affidavit Of Non-Prosecution In Texas? How Do I Drop Charges In Texas? An affidavit of nonprosecution is a written statement in Texas in which a victim of an alleged crime declares their desire not to press charges against the accused. Although the prosecutor can consider this document, it does not guarantee the case will be dismissed, as the decision to proceed with or drop charges ultimately lies with the district attorney’s office. When family members or friends get into a confrontation and someone gets arrested, the alleged victim often has “buyer’s remorse” the next day – that is, they regret that the police ever got involved. Not only was their loved one jailed, but now they are facing criminal prosecution and a possible record. The alleged victim tries to take it all back and tells the police or prosecutors that they want to “drop charges” – but unfortunately, that is easier said than done. In many counties in Texas, and especially Tarrant County, police and prosecutors do not just drop charges solely at the request of an alleged victim. However, there is a mechanism in place – called an affidavit of non-prosecution in Texas – that may influence the prosecutor’s decision to proceed with a criminal case. Note, we emphasized the word “may. ” In this article, our experienced Fort Worth criminal defense attorneys explain an affidavit of non-prosecution in Texas, how to complete an ANP, why prosecutors are often skeptical of this legal document, and how it may impact a criminal case. Affidavit of Non-Prosecution Generator Complete the following fields to generate the text for a basic affidavit of non-prosecution. For a more effective affidavit of non-prosecution, hire a criminal defense attorney in your jurisdiction. Affidavit of Non-Prosecution in Texas (ANP) An affidavit of non-prosecution in Texas is a sworn statement made by an alleged crime victim expressing their desire for the accused not be prosecuted and for charges to be dismissed. In Texas, this legal document is often used in cases involving domestic violence, assault, or other crimes where the alleged victim has a personal relationship with the defendant. It is also sometimes used in theft cases where the victim has been fully or partially reimbursed by the accused. Purpose of an Affidavit of Non-Prosecution An affidavit of non-prosecution serves as a formal declaration by the alleged victim that they do not wish to participate in the prosecution process. This document can be submitted to the prosecutor’s office or the court as evidence of the victim’s intentions not to cooperate. It must be notarized. Influence on Prosecutor’s Decision Prosecutors consider several factors when deciding whether to pursue charges, and the victim’s wishes can be a persuasive factor in their determination. However, an affidavit of non-prosecution does not guarantee the dismissal of charges. Prosecutors are not legally obligated to abide by the alleged victim’s wishes in an affidavit of non-prosecution. In fact, prosecutors generally don’t trust ANPs. They are skeptical that the alleged victim has ulterior... > Possession and distribution in a drug free zone increases the offense level by one degree in Texas. If you have a drug free zone (DFZ) enhancement, call today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/possession/drug-free-zones/ Possession in a Fort Worth Drug-Free Zone The reason for establishing a “drug-free zone” in Texas is two-fold: to protect individuals, usually children, and to provide greater punishment for individuals who engage in illegal conduct in these zones. Drug free zones are designated by statute and are an effort by lawmakers to keep drug dealers from targeting children or young adults. The most common drug free zones are schools. Which zones are drug free in Texas? Drug-free zones include schools, daycare centers, and institutes of higher education, such as colleges, medical schools, junior colleges, and technical institutes. Public swimming pools are also protected by this statute. A playground is also considered a drug-free zone if the playground is both open to the public and intended for recreation. To be covered under the drug-free zone statute, the playground must include three or more play stations intended for children, such as slides, teeterboards, swing sets, etc. Video arcades also qualify as drug free zones if they are open to the general public, including minors, and intended for the use of common video arcade equipment such as pinball or video machines, and contain at least three video or pinball machines. Finally, youth centers, primarily for those 18 and under, which provide athletic, cultural, or civic activities on a regular basis are considered drug free zones. What is the punishment for possession in a drug free zone in Fort Worth? Different types of drug cases have different “enhanced” consequences if committed in a drug-free zone. In some cases, the minimum prison term is increased by five years, and the fine can double if the offense is committed in a protected zone. In other cases, the offense can be enhanced from a state jail felony to a felony in the third degree. This increases the minimum jail term from 180 days to two years. Similar enhancements cover crimes otherwise considered misdemeanors under the law. Call an attorney if you're facing possession in a DFZ Because of the severity of these potential penalties, it is important for anyone who has been arrested on a charge of possession in a Fort Worth drug-free zone to reach out to an experienced attorney for help. We can help. Call our defense firm today for a free consultation. For more information, please reference the Health and Safety Code Section 481. 134 > Audrey Hatcher is an associate at Varghese Summersett, where she focuses on state and federal criminal defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/audrey-hatcher/ Audrey Hatcher Audrey Hatcher is an associate at Varghese Summersett, where she focuses on state and federal criminal defense. She helps people facing misdemeanor and felony charges, including intoxication-related offenses, drug crimes, sex cases, thefts, and assaults. Audrey is committed to providing clients with the best possible representation and achieving optimal results. Audrey is an alumnus of Texas Christian University, where she graduated with a double degree in political science and French modern language studies. While she was an undergraduate at TCU, she began interning at Varghese Summersett and impressed the partners with her intellect, work ethic, and positivity. She always knew she wanted to be an attorney, but it was here that she developed her passion for criminal law. Audrey was accepted to every law school to which she applied and, ultimately, decided to attend SMU Dedman School of Law. While in law school, she continued to intern at Varghese Summersett, as well as the Federal Public Defender’s Office and the 68th District Court – solidifying her desire to practice criminal defense. Upon graduation, Varghese Summersett was thrilled to offer Audrey a position as an associate attorney. In addition to being an outstanding advocate for our clients, Audrey is also a kind and compassionate person who participates in various causes. She is most active in the Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, where she raises money through Team in Training and running marathons. Fun Facts: Audrey speaks fluent French, holds a black belt in Tae Kwon Do, and is an accomplished ballet dancer. (She was the Arabian Princess in the NutCracker as a teen in her hometown of Amarillo. ) Education SMU Dedman School of Law (J. D. ) Texas Christian University (B. A. ) Bar Admission Texas Philanthropy Tarrant County Junior Livestock Association, Head of VIP hospitality Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Volunteer Junior League of Dallas, Volunteer Memberships, Honors, And Awards Top Attorneys, Fort Worth Magazine, 2024 - Present Top Attorneys, 360 West Magazine, 2024 - Present Top Attorneys, Southlake Style, 2025 Rising Stars, Super Lawyers, 2024 - Present Tarrant County Bar Association, Member Federal Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association Criminal Justice Section, State Bar of Texas Tarrant County Junior Live Stock Assocation, Head of VIP Hospitality Areas Of Practice Federal Criminal Defense State Criminal Defense Misdemeanors Felonies DWI Drug Cases Theft Assaults > Our Board Certified Fort Worth Juvenile Defense Lawyer Lisa Herrick is one of only 65 juvenile specialists in the State of Texas! 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-juvenile-defense-lawyer/ Fort Worth Juvenile Defense Lawyer Advice from Lisa Herrick, Board Certified Fort Worth Juvenile Defense Lawyer In Texas, offenses committed by an individual who is 10 years or older but under 17 are handled through the juvenile justice system. In some cases, a person who is at least 17, but not yet 18, can be prosecuted through the juvenile justice system if they are alleged to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating the need for supervision as a result of acts that occurred before they turned 17. Our firm handles every level of juvenile defense. In fact, our Fort Worth juvenile defense lawyer Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law. This means she's been qualified as an expert in this area of law. More than just being an expert, though, Lisa is passionate about defending juveniles because she knows the work she does can shape lives and get young lives back on track. One of the reasons she fights so hard is to avoid not just time in custody but also any blemish on a person's record - particularly those juvenile adjudications that could leave a permanent blemish that extends into adulthood. That's no way to enter adulthood. When you hire Varghese Summersett, you are hiring the very best juvenile defense in North Texas. Tarrant County Juvenile Lawyer Near You Our Fort Worth Juvenile Specialist Lisa Herrick is conveniently based out of our downtown Fort Worth office. We are located at: 7th Floor, One City Place 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700 Fort Worth, Texas 76102 What does a juvenile attorney do? A juvenile attorney is an attorney who represents the child accused of delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision. A juvenile attorney who is Board Certified is one of the very few attorneys who have proven themselves to be a specialist in the area of juvenile law. There are less than 65 Board Certified juvenile specialists in Texas. What are our goals as a Fort Worth Juvenile Lawyer? Our primary goal is to do what is in the best interest of the juvenile we represent, but we are also invested in avoiding repeat business. In other words, and especially when we work with individuals who are young, we want to get them out of the problem they are in but we don't want them to ever be in the crosshairs of law enforcement again. To the extent that we can be a positive influence, we seek to do that. We work with individuals whose entire lives are ahead of them and we don't want a juvenile or criminal record holding them back for what they can be. https://youtu. be/TCDWWjloaNw What kinds of cases go through the juvenile system? The juvenile system handles two types of conduct: Delinquent Conduct Delinquent Conduct is conduct, other than a traffic offense, that violates a criminal law of Texas or of the United States and is punishable by imprisonment or by confinement in jail. Family Code Section 51. 03(a)(1).... > Texas laws on the "operation of a vehicle" in Fort Worth DWI cases are nuanced. The statute says nothing about driving. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/operation-of-a-vehicle/ Operation Of A Vehicle In Texas DWI Cases When most people think of Driving While Intoxicated as an offense in Texas, they think of exactly that: a person driving a vehicle while they are intoxicated. The term "DWI" is somewhat of a misnomer in Texas. A person does not have to "driving" a vehicle in order to be charged with driving while intoxicated. Learn more about what qualifies as operation of a vehicle in Texas. Operation is in the Definition The elements of Driving While Intoxicated in Texas are: The defendant; on or about a particular date; operated; a motor vehicle; in a public place; while intoxicated. Notice that driving is not one of the elements of DWI. Instead, a prosecutor must prove the person accused was operating the vehicle. This is why prosecutors talk in terms of "putting the defendant behind the wheel" or "wheeling" the defendant. Drivers Risk DWI by Sleeping in a Car Driving, as you notice, is not an element of DWI or any other intoxication-related offense in Texas. Instead, legislators used the word "operating. " Further complicating matters is the fact that the legislature did not define "operation. " The most common definition that appears in case law generally boils down to some version of this statement, "the totality of the circumstances must demonstrate that the defendant took action to affect the functioning of his vehicle that would enable the vehicle's use. " This can mean a variety of things, but is determined on a case by case basis. For example, if you are found passed out, sitting in the driver’s seat of a parked car with the engine running, a court could determine you operated the vehicle if there were facts that suggested you recently used the vehicle for its intended purpose. On the other hand, if you just got into your vehicle to “sleep it off” and had the car running so the air conditioning would be on, then you might be able to prove you weren’t operating the vehicle. If you are in an accident, present at the scene, and have the keys to the vehicle in your possession, a court could determine you recently operated the vehicle because of proximity and claim of ownership. What Does "Operation" Mean in DWI Cases? Essentially, prosecutors must be able to prove that the accused controlled or affected his vehicle in a manner that would allow the vehicle to be used for its intended purpose. A vehicle may be used for many things, but its intended purpose is transportation. Unintended uses of a vehicle include using it as a place to sleep, stay warm, stay cool or shelter. The issue of operation comes up frequently when the facts show a person was found asleep or passed out behind the wheel. A jury would have to believe beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused took actions to use the vehicle for its intended purpose. As a general rule, in order to find that there was operation,... > Boating While Intoxicated in Fort Worth is a Class B Misdemeanor. Call Varghese Summersett to schedule a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/boating-while-intoxicated/ Boating while intoxicated (BWI) in Fort Worth is a Class B misdemeanor that carries up to 180 days in jail, a $2,000 fine, and a 180-day driver's license suspension. Unlike DWI traffic stops, Texas Parks and Wildlife officers can board your vessel without any reason or probable cause, making these charges surprisingly common on lakes throughout the DFW area. Varghese Summersett has defended dozens of BWI cases across Tarrant, Dallas, and Denton counties. Our attorneys have taken these cases to trial and understand the unique defenses available when officers conduct seated field sobriety tests on the water. What is Boating While Intoxicated in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 06, a person commits boating while intoxicated when they operate a watercraft while intoxicated. Texas law defines "watercraft" as a vessel, water skis, aquaplane, or another device used to transport a person on water (except devices propelled only by the current). "Intoxicated" means either: (1) not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or any combination; or (2) having a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or more. Can You Drink on a Boat in Texas? Yes. Texas does not prohibit open containers on boats. Unlike vehicles, passengers and even the operator can legally possess and consume alcohol on a watercraft. However, the operator cannot be intoxicated while operating the vessel. Texas Parks and Wildlife recommends avoiding alcohol entirely while boating, but drinking while operating is only illegal if you become intoxicated. Can Police Stop Your Boat Without a Reason? Yes. Under Texas Parks and Wildlife Code § 31. 124, officers can stop and board any vessel at any time to conduct safety inspections. They do not need reasonable suspicion or probable cause. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals upheld this law in a case arising from Sneaky Pete's Marina in Lewisville. This is different from vehicles on Texas roads, where DWI checkpoints are unconstitutional. On the water, these random stops are perfectly legal. Once aboard, if an officer suspects intoxication, they can begin a BWI investigation. Will a BWI Arrest Suspend Your Driver's License? It can. Under Texas Transportation Code § 724. 002, refusing a breath or blood test after a BWI arrest triggers an automatic 180-day driver's license suspension. This applies only to watercraft with engines rated at 50 horsepower or more by the manufacturer. You have 15 days from the date of arrest to request an Administrative License Revocation (ALR) hearing to contest this suspension. How Do Officers Test for BWI? Officers cannot use standard field sobriety tests designed for solid ground. Instead, they use the Seated Battery of Standardized Field Sobriety Tests, developed by the U. S. Coast Guard and the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators (NASBLA). This seated battery includes six tests: Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN): The same eye test used in DWI investigations. Officers look for involuntary jerking of the eyes when tracking a stimulus. Finger to Nose: With eyes closed and head tilted back, you... > Sexual assault of a child and related offenses in Texas with corresponding Texas Penal Code sections. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/sexual-assault-of-a-child/ Sexual assault of a child in Texas is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison, up to a $10,000 in fines, and mandatory lifetime sex offender registration. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011, any sexual contact with a person under 17 is a crime, regardless of whether the minor appeared willing. A conviction will follow you for life, affecting where you can live, work, and whether you can see your own children. If you or someone you love is facing accusations of sexual assault of a minor, the time to act is now. An experienced defense attorney can investigate the allegations, challenge the evidence, and work toward the best possible outcome. Varghese Summersett has secured dismissals, no-bills, and acquittals in sexual assault cases throughout Texas. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. What is Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? Sexual assault of a child occurs when a person engages in sexual contact with someone under 17 years old. Texas law defines "sexual contact" broadly under Penal Code § 22. 011. The offense can occur through: Penetration of the child's mouth, anus, or sexual organ Causing the child's sexual organ to contact the defendant's mouth, anus, or sexual organ Causing the child's mouth to contact the defendant's anus or sexual organ Causing the child's anus to contact the defendant's mouth, anus, or sexual organ Consent is not a defense. Texas law holds that a child under 17 cannot legally consent to sexual activity. Even if the minor initiated the contact or claimed to be older, you can still be charged and convicted. What is Statutory Rape in Texas? Sexual assault of a child under 17 is commonly called "statutory rape. " The term reflects that the crime exists by statute, meaning the act is illegal regardless of whether force was used or consent was given. In Texas, a person under 17 is legally incapable of consenting to sexual activity. This means even a "willing" participant cannot provide valid consent under the law. Some states have "Romeo and Juliet" laws that create exceptions for teens close in age. Texas does have a limited defense for defendants no more than three years older than the victim, but this defense only applies to certain charges and circumstances. What Are the Penalties for Sexual Assault of a Child? Sexual assault of a child under 17 is a second-degree felony in Texas. The punishment range includes 2 to 20 years in prison, fines up to $10,000, and mandatory lifetime sex offender registration. Certain circumstances elevate the charge. If the defendant is prohibited from marrying the victim (such as in cases involving family members), the charge becomes a first-degree felony. First-degree felonies carry 5 to 99 years or life in prison. Probation is extremely difficult to obtain. Under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A, a judge cannot grant probation for sexual assault of a child. Only a jury can recommend probation, and only if the sentence is 10 years... > Ty Stimpson is a highly-regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett. Call 817-207-4878. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/ty-stimpson/ Ty Stimpson Partner Ty Stimpson is a highly-regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, where he combines his passion for the law with his compassion for helping people whose lives have been shattered through no fault of their own. Ty is a battle-tested attorney and skilled negotiator, committed to securing justice and compensation for victims harmed by the negligent or wrongful acts of others. He represents victims of catastrophic car wrecks, 18-wheeler accidents, motorcycle crashes, dangerous products, workplace injuries, and other serious injury or wrongful death cases in Texas. Ty is a fierce advocate for his clients, working tirelessly to ensure that their rights are protected and that their voices are heard. Make no mistake, Ty – a former Division 1 football player – is not afraid to stand up to big insurance companies and will never back down from a trial. He’s a strong believer in the power of the civil (and criminal) justice system to hold wrongdoers accountable and make families whole again. Background A native Texan, Ty grew up in Arlington and graduated from Baylor University, where he played linebacker. He received his Juris Doctor from Thurgood Marshall School of Law at Texas Southern University and his Master of Laws Degree from St. John’s University School of Law while working with the National Football League. After law school, Ty returned to North Texas. He began his legal career as a prosecutor – first at the Dallas County District Attorney’s Office and later at the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office. During his years of public service, he handled hundreds of cases, ranging from capital murder to identity theft. The wealth of knowledge and experience he gained as a chief criminal prosecutor positioned him perfectly to pursue justice for those who have been wrongfully injured or killed. As he transitioned to private practice, Ty built a reputation for being a go-to personal injury attorney due to his exceptional negotiation and trial skills. He has been named a Top Attorney for Personal Injury by Fort Worth Magazine, 360 West Magazine and Southlake Style. He is also a National Trial Lawyer Top 40 Under 40 member. In 2026, Ty was recognized as a Man on a Mission by 360 West magazine and named a 2026 "Best Of" honoree in the Up & Coming category by Fort Worth Magazine. The year before, Ty was recognized as one of Fort Worth Inc. 's 40 Under 40 — a prestigious award honoring the city’s brightest and most promising leaders under age 40. He was also named the inaugural Strong Man Honoree by Girls Inc. of Tarrant County for championing causes that empower women and girls. In 2023, the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce named him the Young Professional of the Year. He is also the recipient of the 2023 Dr. Marion Brooks “Legend in the Making” Award for Law by the Beta Tau Lambda Charitable Foundation and the Beta Tau Lambda Chapter of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. When he... > Check out Varghese Summersett's one-of-a-kind law firm music video - and find out how CEO Benson Varghese is changing the face of law by thinking outside the box. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/law-firm-music-video/ A law firm music video you have to see Fort Worth attorney Benson Varghese doesn’t call his law firm’s latest video a music video. He refers to it as a “lyrical poem video. ” Not exactly sure what’s the difference, but who is going to argue with an attorney? The music video, err lyrical poem, features Benson lyricizing about his firm, Varghese Summersett, a premier criminal defense and family law practice in North Texas. The video – “There’s No Substitution” – is another example of how Benson is changing the face of law by thinking outside the box. “We pride ourselves on being different than other law firms,” Benson says. “We’re no strangers to video production. We have tons of YouTube and TikTok videos in which we talk about the law or answer legal questions, but I wanted to find a creative way to showcase the firm and our exceptional attorneys and staff. “So, we came up with some lyrics and put it to background music. The only problem was I am musically challenged and literally cannot hear a beat. I really had to get out of my comfort zone. That’s not dissimilar from what we have to do as lawyers: It’s more than knowing the law, it’s also about being willing to take risks and try something different to stay ahead. ” Check out the video – and then keep reading to learn more from Benson about how and why this one-of-a-kind law firm music video came to be. You refer to your video as a lyrical poem. How’s that different than a “music video? ” Well, as my wife will tell you, I have absolutely no musical abilities or even the ability to hear a beat. A lyrical poem is just a poem, a statement, that’s made over music. It’s not necessarily lyrics to music; it’s just that there’s music in the background of the spoken word. So, I guess that’s kind of a music video, but you know, the benefit for me is there was no requirement to have a pitch or tone or get the beat exactly right. So would you describe it as a rap? I will not do a disservice to actual artists who rap by calling what I did a rap. But did I binge-watch a lot of rap music videos to get some inspiration? Absolutely. Who came up with the idea? Well, when we first started the firm, we were inspired by a company in town that did advertising, and they made a video for themselves that was a spoken poem – or whatever we are calling this, a lyrical video. I always loved it. Unfortunately, by the time I got to a point where I could afford to hire them, they had been acquired by a different company. So, that company no longer exists. It then fell on us to make our own brand video, or lyrical poem video. The lyrics are great. Who wrote them? It was a collaborative effort.... > Delivery of marijuana is a serious felony offense in Texas. If you're charged with delivery of marijuana in Fort Worth, call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/delivery-of-marijuana/ Delivery of Marijuana in Texas | Fort Worth Defense Delivery of Marijuana In October 2015, Gallup polls reported that 58% of Americans favored the legalization of marijuana. The following year, Gallup released a poll showing 33 million Americans smoked marijuana. (Compare this to 40 million cigarette smokers. ) Recently, a Pew Research Center study shows an astonishing 68% of officers support the legalization or decriminalization of marijuana. Marijuana nonetheless remains illegal in Texas, and if you are facing a possession charge, a Fort Worth marijuana lawyer can help. While possession of marijuana for personal or medical use becomes legal in a growing number of states in the United States, and jurisdictions in Texas decline prosecution of these charges, one thing is clear: the sale and delivery of marijuana is not expected to become legal in Texas anytime soon. If you are looking to understand the penalties for the delivery of marijuana in Fort Worth, or if you have been charged with an offense, reach out to a skilled attorney for assistance. Is it legal to grow marijuana in Texas? No. Growing marijuana will subject you to charges for possession of marijuana. Selling marijuana will result in charges for the delivery of marijuana. Delivering Marijuana Marijuana, under the Texas Health and Safety Code, is defined to include the “plant Cannabis sativa L. , whether growing or not, the seeds of that plant, and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of that plant or its seeds. ” Tex. Health & Safety Code § 481. 002 (26). The term “deliver” encompasses the sale of marijuana. Under the Texas Health and Safety Code, to “deliver” also includes the transfer of marijuana to another. The transfer can be an actual transfer or a constructive transfer. Tex. Health & Safety Code § 481. 120. A constructive transfer involves an indirect transfer where the person delivering still allows for a change of possession, such as keys to a car or hotel room where the marijuana is located. Even taking all the steps to secure a transaction may be enough to satisfy this element. Torres v. State, 667 S. W. 2d 190, 194 (Tex. App. —Corpus Christi 1983) Under Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 120, a person commits the offense of Delivery of Marijuana if they knowingly or intentionally deliver marijuana. The punishment becomes more severe depending on the amount of marijuana involved. Punishment can also vary depending on whether a payment took place. These charges impose stricter sentences for a smaller amount of marijuana than a similar possession charge. For more information, please reference Tex. Health & Safety Code § 481. 002 (26) and § 481. 120. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=gumMPZ4Lpz8 Delivery of Marijuana in a Drug-Free Zone If the delivery of marijuana takes place within a drug-free zone, such as within 1,000 feet of a school, playground, or public or private youth center, the punishment for the crime will increase by one level. For instance, under Texas Health & Safety Code §... > Shantae Haymer is a senior paralegal at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, where she assists our attorneys in all aspects of personal injury litigation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/shantae-haymer/ Shantae Haymer Senior Paralegal Shantae Haymer is a senior paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division, where she assists our attorneys in all aspects of personal injury litigation. Shantae has been working as a paralegal for nearly two decades and is highly experienced in a wide range of areas, including case management, legal research, document preparation, and factual investigation. Shantae is perfectly suited for this profession, as she is driven, detail-oriented, patient, and knowledgeable about the law and legal proceedings. She has exceptional communication skills that enable her to effectively collaborate with attorneys, claims representatives, witnesses, and experts. Shantae is also very compassionate and serves as the liaison between clients and attorneys, ensuring that all communication is clear and concise and that clients feel comfortable, supported, and informed during what is often a difficult journey. She is dedicated to providing our clients with the highest level of service and achieving the best possible outcome in their case. Raised in Irving, Shantae knew as a child that she wanted to go into the legal field after watching the O. J. Simpson trial. She pursued legal studies at the Jack E. Singley Academy as a teenager while also attending Irving High School. She received an Associate of Arts and Sciences Degree in Paralegal Studies from Tarrant County College. She began working as a paralegal while in college and has never looked back, honing her skills and becoming a highly sought-after paralegal by North Texas law firms. Outside of work, Shantae enjoys reading, traveling, and spending time with her husband and two children. She can also frequently be found in the stands at softball games, cheering on her 16-year-old daughter, and at baseball games, rooting on her 12-year-old son. “Personal injury law is not just a profession for me. It’s my passion. Helping clients get justice and seeing their life improve after a successful case is extremely rewarding. It’s why I love my job. ” – Shantae Haymer, Senior Paralegal, Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group. Media Contact Melody Lanier is the firm's primary point of contact when the media needs a quote, interview, or comment about current events. If you are a member of the media, you can contact Melody by email at melody@versustexas. com, at the office (817) 203-2220, or on her cell phone (817) 821-3935. > The criminal statute of limitations is the period in which a prosecution can be initiated. Learn about the statute of limitations in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/statute-of-limitations/ What Is the Criminal Statute of Limitations in Texas? The criminal statute of limitations in Texas is the deadline prosecutors have to file charges against someone. For most misdemeanors, it's two years. For most felonies, it's three years. However, serious offenses like murder, sexual assault of a child, and manslaughter have no time limit. The state can file charges for these crimes at any point, regardless of how much time has passed. These deadlines are spelled out in Article 12 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. If the state fails to bring charges within the specified period, it loses the right to prosecute. Understanding these time limits is critical whether you're worried about potential charges or trying to determine if old allegations can still be pursued. The statute of limitations serves an important purpose in the justice system. It ensures that cases are prosecuted while evidence is still fresh, witnesses can still remember events, and the accused has a fair opportunity to mount a defense. At the same time, certain crimes are deemed so serious that justice should be available regardless of when the offense is discovered. Watch: Criminal Statute of Limitations in Texas Explained https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=AGao6hMS3oc In this video, Board Certified Criminal Attorney Benson Varghese explains how statutes of limitations work in Texas criminal cases, including when the clock starts, when it can be paused, and which offenses have no time limit. How Long Are the Statutes of Limitations for Texas Crimes? The length of the statute of limitations depends on the severity and type of offense. The Texas Legislature has created a tiered system that assigns longer limitation periods to more serious crimes and to offenses that are typically harder to discover, such as fraud and financial crimes. Misdemeanors carry a two-year limit. Standard felonies have three years. However, many serious felonies have extended limitations of five, seven, or ten years. Some crimes, particularly those involving children or resulting in death, have no statute of limitations at all. For crimes involving child victims, the statute of limitations may be tied to the victim's age rather than a fixed number of years from the offense. Complete Table of Texas Criminal Statutes of Limitations Offense Limitation Period Statute Reference Murder None 12. 01(1) Manslaughter None 12. 01(1) Sexual Assault of a Child None 12. 01(1) Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child None 12. 01(1) Sexual Assaults where DNA was collected None 12. 01(1) Serial Sexual Assault None 12. 01(1) Continuous Sexual Assault None 12. 01(1) Indecency with a Child None 12. 01(1) Leaving the scene of an accident resulting in death None 12. 01(1) Trafficking of a child None 12. 01(1) Continuous Trafficking of Persons None 12. 01(1) Compelling Prostitution of Child under 18 None 12. 01(1) Theft by Trustee 10 Years 12. 01(2) Theft by a Public Servant of Government Property 10 Years 12. 01(2) Forgery or passing a forged instrument 10 Years 12. 01(2) Injury to Elderly or Disabled (First Degree) 10 Years 12. 01(2)... > Not only is teenage vaping in Texas illegal, but it can now land students in alternative school. This is a must-read for teenagers and their parents. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/teenage-vaping-in-texas/ Attention parents and juveniles: Teenage vaping in Texas is illegal. It doesn’t matter if it’s nicotine or THC, it’s against the law for a juvenile to vape or smoke an e-cigarette in the Lone Star State. And that’s not all. Effective Sept. 1, 2023, public school students found in possession of a vape pen or e-cigarette on campus or at a school-sponsored event will now be placed in an alternative school. Texas legislators passed a law last year—House Bill 114—that requires mandatory placement in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program (DAEP) for vaping. In this article, Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick explains teenage vaping laws in Texas, including the crimes and possible punishment, as well as the collateral consequences of possessing a vape or e-cig on campus. If your child has been caught with a vape in North Texas, it’s extremely important to contact a seasoned attorney who specializes in juvenile cases. Lisa can help. She is a foremost expert on Texas juvenile law and has a wealth of experience representing minors accused of vaping or drug offenses. Vaping THC In Texas In Texas, it is a felony to vape THC in Texas, regardless of your age or the amount. Under Texas Health and Safety Code 481. 103, tetrahydrocannabinol from sources other than the marijuana plant, are classified as a Penalty 2 Group Substance and any amount is a felony. Here’s the breakdown of the potential punishment for a THC conviction in Texas: Less than one gram: state jail felony punishable by 6 months to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. 1 – 4 grams: third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. 4 – 400 grams: second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. 400 grams or more: first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison and a maximum $50,000 fine. As you can see, the punishment for a conviction for possession of THC is extremely serious. Fortunately, if the teen is under the age of 17, they will likely be prosecuted as a juvenile, where the focus is on rehabilitation rather than severe punishment. Possible punishment options for teen vaping THC include drug counseling, a juvenile diversion program, juvenile probation, placement in a residential or treatment facility, or commitment to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD). If your child has been accused of vaping THC in North Texas, contact Board Certified Juvenile Attorney Lisa Herrick. She specializes in juvenile cases and has represented hundreds of teenagers accused of violating the law in Texas, ranging from misdemeanors to very serious felonies. Vaping Nicotine In Texas Most people know vaping THC is illegal in Texas, but what about tobacco? In Texas, it is illegal for people under the age of 21 to purchase, possess, use, or accept a cigarette, e-cigarette, or tobacco product in Texas. The legal age for tobacco used to be 18, but in 2019, Texas... > Can you have a firearm while on deferred in Texas? Here’s what you need to know about Texas deferred adjudication and gun rights. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/firearm-while-on-deferred/ Can I Possess A Firearm While On Deferred Adjudication? What You Need to Know about Texas Deferred Adjudication and Gun Rights Last year, more than 5600 people were placed on deferred adjudication probation in Tarrant County. More than half were charged with either felony drug possession or assault. Almost every day, we see folks contemplating signing up for this type of probation. And more times than not, they have one burning question: “Can I still have a gun? ” The answer isn’t simple or clear-cut. Texas and federal law are contradictory in regard to this issue. In this article, we are going to discuss Texas deferred adjudication and gun rights to try to clear up confusion on the subject. What is deferred adjudication probation in Texas? Deferred adjudication probation (DFAJ) is a form of probation that, if successfully completed, will not result in a conviction for purposes of state law. The defendant is required to plead guilty, however, the judge will “defer” (or postpone) a finding of guilt and place him or her on a period of supervision (probation) with specific conditions/rules to follow. If the defendant successfully completes his or her probation, there will be no finding of guilt, the case will be dismissed and there will not be a conviction on his or her record. However, the arrest will remain on the record. A key takeaway about deferred adjudication is that it is not a conviction – for purposes of state law. That distinction is important when discussing deferred adjudication and gun rights in Texas. Under Texas law, can I possess a firearm while on deferred adjudication? Under Texas law, deferred adjudication is not a conviction and does not directly result in the loss of your right to possess a firearm – under state law. So, technically under state law, you can possess a gun while on DFAJ – unless the judge specifically ordered you not to possess a firearm. That’s an important caveat. Many judges prohibit possessing a firearm as a condition of a defendant’s probation. In other words, if the judge said you cannot possess a firearm while on deferred and it’s listed as a condition of your probation, then you absolutely cannot possess a firearm while on deferred. Possessing a firearm while on deferred is not permitted under federal law even if you are on deferred for certain state offenses, which we will discuss next. What does federal law say about possessing a firearm while on deferred? Federal law contradicts Texas law in some regards when it comes to possession of firearms. This is also a complicated answer, because in some aspects, whether something is a conviction or not depends on how the state addresses the issue and in others areas, any plea is considered a conviction even if it resulted in deferred adjudication. If you are placed on deferred for a family violence offense – misdemeanor or felony – you can never possess a firearm. See 18 USC 922(g)(9). If you are on deferred... > If you are facing charges for driving while intoxicated, it can be helpful to understand the nondisclosure of DWIs in Fort Worth. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/nondisclosure/ Nondisclosure of DWIs in Texas In 2017, Texas changed the nondisclosure law to allow for the nondisclosure of DWIs in Texas. The statutes governing DWI nondisclosures are Government Code Sections 411. 0716 and 411. 0731. The law applies retroactively, so to any first-time DWI in Texas. The DWI nondisclosure law has been dubbed the "Second Chance Law. " Once a record has been nondisclosed, it is hidden from private employers, banks, apartments etc. The only people that can see a record that has been nondisclosed are state licensing agencies and law enforcement agencies. Are You eligible for a DWI nondisclosure in Texas after probation? Have you had any prior convictions for any offense? Yes No Was the conviction for a DWI BAC >/= . 15? Yes No Did you successfully complete probation and pay all your fines, costs, and restitution? Yes No Was there an accident involving any other person, including a passenger in your own vehicle? Yes No Have you ever been placed on community supervision for a violent crime or an offense involving sex offender registration? Yes No Check Eligibility For purposes of DWI nondisclosures, "violent crime" means one of the following: murder; capital murder; aggravated kidnapping; trafficking/continuous trafficking of persons; abandoning or endangering a child; violation/repeated violation of certain court orders or conditions of bond in a family violence, sexual assault or abuse, stalking, or trafficking case; stalking; or any other offense involving family violence. Are you eligible for a DWI nondisclosure in Texas after a jail sentence? Have you had any prior convictions for any offense? Yes No Was the conviction for a DWI BAC >/= . 15? Yes No Did you complete your jail sentence and pay all your fines, costs, and restitution? Yes No Was there an accident involving any other person, including a passenger in your own vehicle? Yes No Have you ever been placed on community supervision for a violent crime or an offense involving sex offender registration? Yes No Submit You may be eligible for a nondisclosure of your record. Let's look at whether you have met the waiting period: Select one of the following: I had interlock on my vehicle for an occupational license for at least six months, and at least three years have passed since I completed my sentence. I did not have interlock on my vehicle and five years have passed since I completed my sentence. Neither time frame has run yet. Submit DWI Nondisclosed but not Forgotten A nondisclosure seals a person’s criminal conviction from public view, but it does not remove the conviction from their record like an expunction would. Therefore, although nondisclosure would restrict who can see a criminal conviction, the conviction would still be accessible to law enforcement and could still be considered a prior offense if any future charges were brought. That means regardless of whether a DWI is nondisclosed or not, a subsequent DWI will be enhanced based on the prior. Keep in mind, the DWI nondisclosure law applies retroactively. That... > Alex Iacomini is a paralegal at the Fort Worth divorce and family law firm of Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/alex-iacomini/ Alex Iacomini Paralegal Alex Mens is a paralegal at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she assists attorneys with document drafting, legal research, case management, and trial preparation. Alex is highly organized, detail-oriented, and has superb communication skills, all of which make her an invaluable asset to the team. She is committed to providing the best possible legal services to clients. She is passionate about helping people navigate life’s biggest challenges, including divorce and child custody matters. Background Alex was born and raised in Iowa. She graduated in 2019 from the University of Northern Iowa with a B. A. in education. She went on to Northwest Missouri State, where she earned a master’s degree in leadership. Alex began her career as a teacher, moving to North Texas to teach elementary school in a nearby school district. After years of teaching, she decided to make the switch to law and became a paralegal. Fun Fact: Alex and her husband have a corgi named Theodore. https://youtu. be/bzDfWfaI75M > What's the difference between Murder vs. Manslaughter vs. Criminally Negligent Homicide in Texas? The answer revolves around the mental state of the actor. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/difference-between-murder-manslaughter-and-criminally-negligent-homicide/ The difference between murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide in Texas comes down to the defendant's mental state at the time of the killing. Murder requires intentional or knowing conduct. Manslaughter requires recklessness. Criminally negligent homicide requires criminal negligence. Each carries different penalties, ranging from up to two years in state jail for criminally negligent homicide to life in prison for murder. Understanding which charge applies can be the difference between decades in prison and a much shorter sentence. If you or someone you love is facing homicide charges in Texas, the specific charge and how it's defended can shape the rest of your life. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors, and trial lawyers who have tried more than 500 combined cases before Texas juries. With more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions, we bring real courtroom experience to the most serious charges in Texas. Our attorneys practice in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. You've Seen Us On What Are the Types of Homicide in Texas? Texas law recognizes four types of criminal homicide under Texas Penal Code Chapter 19: capital murder, murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. Capital murder is the only offense that carries the death penalty. The other three differ primarily in the mental state (or culpable mental state) the prosecution must prove and in their punishment ranges. Crime Mental State Statute Classification Punishment Range Murder Intentional or knowing § 19. 02 First-degree felony 5 to 99 years or life in prison; up to $10,000 fine Manslaughter Reckless § 19. 04 Second-degree felony 2 to 20 years in prison; up to $10,000 fine Criminally Negligent Homicide Criminal negligence § 19. 05 State jail felony 180 days to 2 years in state jail; up to $10,000 fine Watch: Murder vs. Manslaughter in Texas https://youtu. be/ZMbVLMEVAqg What Are the Mental States for Homicide in Texas? The mental state, also called the culpable mental state, is the single most important factor that separates one homicide charge from another. Texas Penal Code § 6. 03 defines four culpable mental states for result-oriented crimes. Here is how each applies to homicide offenses. Mental State Legal Definition Applies To Intentional The person's conscious objective or desire was to cause the result. Murder Knowing The person was aware their conduct was reasonably certain to cause the result. Murder Reckless The person was aware of but consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result would occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that disregarding it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care an ordinary person would exercise. Manslaughter Criminal Negligence The person ought to have been aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result would occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care an ordinary person would exercise. Criminally Negligent Homicide The critical distinction between recklessness... > You can be charged with conspiracy even if you did not commit the underlying offense. Call our Fort Worth federal conspiracy lawyers for a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/conspiracy/ Federal Conspiracy Lawyer When most people think about the criminal justice system, they think of crimes perpetrated by individuals or small groups in discrete, specific actions. An employee stealing from his employer commits embezzlement. Three people who stick up a bank together all commit bank robbery. Prosecutors generally charge these as discrete offenses. There are, however, times when the Government will seek to bring down a larger group of individuals who commit offenses over a long period of time. For these situations, federal prosecutors have conspiracy as a possible charge in their toolbelt. What is a federal conspiracy? There are a number of criminal conspiracy statutes in the United States Code. Under 18 U. S. C. 371, it is illegal to conspire to commit any other federal crime. This is the general conspiracy statute under federal law. A conspiracy is an agreement between two or more individuals to commit a criminal act. So every conspiracy has at least two elements: There was an agreement to commit an illegal act; The accused voluntarily entered into that agreement; Certain conspiracy statutes require a third element: At least one person committed (or attempt to commit) an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy. The act that is committed need not be a crime itself. survey of federal conspiracy statutes reveals that Congress has sometimes required an overt act, but more often it has not. The general federal conspiracy provision, which applies to conspiracy ‘to commit any offense against the United States, or to defraud the United States ... in any manner or for any purpose,’ requires an overt act. In more specifically tailored conspiracy statutes, the majority do not require an overt act. A review of conspiracy provisions that might generally be described as pertaining to nonviolent crimes reveals that at least 15 such provisions require an overt act, while at least 99 do not. Among the federal statutes that deal with conspiracies to commit crimes that arguably would be within the definition of a crime of violence ... eight”). ] Why do federal prosecutors charge offenses as conspiracy? There are four very important repercussions of a conspiracy-based prosecution for persons facing charges in a federal court: Conspiracies do not require the completion of an offense to establish guilt. Statements that would be considered inadmissible hearsay in a trial for a traditional prosecution are fair game in a conspiracy trial. Participants who have very limited involvement or who do not benefit very much from their participation can become wrapped up in very serious federal prosecutions and face substantial prison time. The statute of limitations does not begin until the date of the last act committed in furtherance of the common plot. We will discuss these principles in detail later on in this article. Please take a moment to watch this video by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese, who has vast experience defending federal conspiracy charges. Federal Conspiracy Charges Explained In its strictest sense, conspiracies are comprised of “agreements” to break the... > What does DWI probation in Texas involve? If you or loved one face DWI charges in North Texas, consult with a criminal defense attorney at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dwi-probation-in-texas/ DWI Probation In Texas What does DWI Probation in Texas involve? In Texas, if you are charged with driving while intoxicated (DWI), you are likely to face probation as part of your sentence if convicted. Texas DWI probation is a legal status that allows you to avoid serving jail or prison time. Instead, it requires regular reporting to a probation officer with strict conditions that must be followed. This post will provide a comprehensive guide to DWI probation in Texas, including its definition, eligibility, requirements, and consequences for probation violations. What is DWI probation in Texas? DWI probation is a type of community supervision that allows individuals who have been convicted of DWI to serve their sentence outside of jail or prison. It is also known as “community supervision” or “deferred adjudication,” although deferred adjudication is rarely available for DWI offenses in Texas. When a judge grants DWI probation, the offender is ordered to comply with certain conditions for a set period of time, typically between one to two years for a misdemeanor offense. If the offender violates any of these conditions, the judge may revoke their probation and order them to serve the original sentence, which typically includes jail time. Who is eligible for DWI Probation in Texas? The eligibility criteria for DWI probation in Texas depend on the severity of the offense, the offender’s criminal history, and other factors. Not everyone charged with DWI in Texas is eligible for probation. Probation for a DWI in Texas is generally available to anyone who has not had a previous felony conviction. An experienced criminal defense attorney may be able to convince prosecutors to give you probation even with a felony conviction on your record. What DWI cases are eligible for deferred adjudication in Texas? You cannot receive deferred adjudication for a DWI if: You have a prior DWI You have a commercial driver license (CDL) To be eligible to receive deferred adjudication, you cannot have any prior DWIs on your record. You cannot have a commercial license and you cannot have a blood alcohol concentration of a . 15 or more. You cannot be involved in an accident that caused damage to anything other than your own vehicle. What are the requirements for DWI probation in Texas? If you are granted DWI probation in Texas, you will be required to follow certain conditions, which often include completing the following: DWI education course Substance abuse evaluation MADD Victim Impact Panel You should also expect the court to order: Submitting to regular drug and alcohol tests Installing an ignition interlock device (IID) on your vehicle for repeated offenses or a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 15% or greater at the time of the test Monthly reporting to a probation officer Avoiding any further criminal activity Not allowing driving without a license Not denying any breath blood or field sobriety tests if stopped for suspicion of DWI Pay fines and court costs Completing community service The specific requirements of DWI probation in Texas... > Burglary of a building is a state felony in Fort Worth. Talk to an experienced attorney to learn more about building a defense for your case. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/building/ Burglary Of A Building In Texas While most people think of burglary as a form of theft, the definition of burglary of a building in Texas is far more expansive. Burglary of a building is the entry into a building, or a portion of a building, without the consent of the owner with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault. Burglary of a Building Burglary in Texas is defined under the Texas Penal Code Section 30. 02. It is characterized as unauthorized entry into a building with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault. This definition extends beyond mere theft, encompassing any criminal intent upon entry. The scope of this law is broad, applying to various forms of unlawful entry and different types of buildings. If you were charged with this offense, it’s important to reach out to a skilled burglary lawyer for assistance as soon as possible. The earlier you can start preparing your defense, the better off you will be in the long run. How is Burglary of a Building Defined? Burglary of a building does not require the complete entry into a building. In other words, reaching into a window or a door is sufficient to meet the definition of burglary of a building. Similarly, entering any portion of a building is sufficient. The primary legal reference for burglary in Texas is the Texas Penal Code Section 30. 02. This section provides the legal framework for what constitutes burglary, the required elements for a charge, and the associated penalties. It is crucial to understand the nuances of burglary laws in Texas. Entering a business after hours, entering a portion of the building not open to the general public, or staying in a business after it has closed, without the consent of the owner, all are forms of “unlawful entry” for purposes of the burglary statute. Three examples of “entering” are as follows: A person breaks a window and enters a bar after hours with the intent to take money; A person enters a storeroom during business hours when the storeroom is off-limits to customers and is intended for employees only with the intent to take supplies; A person hides in a restroom of a department store and remains in the store after the store has closed waiting to commit theft. How is “Entry” Defined in Terms of this Scenario? “Entry” has a broad definition for purposes of burglary. Under the statute, if any part of the body, or any physical object connected with the body, “crosses the plane” to the interior of the building, entry is complete. Here are two examples of a completed burglary: A person enters in one of the manners describes above, and takes something of value and leaves the business; A person walks in the door uninvited with the intent to beat up one of the occupants. “Entry” in the context of burglary is interpreted broadly. It includes complete or partial entry into a building. This can be... > Bresha Shepherd is the Director of Intake at Varghese Summersett, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/bresha-shepherd/ Bresha Shepherd Intake Director Bresha Shepherd is Director of Intake at Varghese Summersett, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. For many people, this is their first time dealing with the criminal justice system and they are, understandably, scared, confused and overwhelmed. Bresha listens to their story, explains the process and helps them decide if Varghese Summersett is the right fit for their case. Bresha understands that hiring an attorney for a criminal matter is an extremely important decision, and it is also a very personal one. She takes time to get to know people and answer any questions they may have. Bresha has a passion for the law and a heart for people. She also has superb communication skills, patience, and empathy, which is why she was selected for such an important role at the firm. In addition to getting to know potential clients, she also schedules initial attorney consultations and manages new client onboarding. Bresha wants all clients to feel comfortable and confident with the attorneys and staff at our firm. Her position allows her to calmly guide them through one of the biggest issues in their lives and give them hope for their future. Background Bresha was born and raised in North Texas. She graduated from Baylor University in 2015 with a Bachelor of Arts and Sciences with a business concentration. While at Baylor, Bresha was a student athlete for the Acrobatics and Tumbling team. In her spare time, Bresha enjoys spending time with her husband, Spencer, at the family ranch in Tyler and cheering on her Baylor Bears. Fun fact: Bresha has a twin sister. > Attorney Anna Summersett, co-founder and partner of Varghese Summersett, has been named a Forty Under Forty by the Fort Worth Business Press. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/40-under-40/ Anna Summersett Makes Fort Worth’s Esteemed “40 Under 40” List Attorney Anna Summersett, co-founder and partner of Varghese Summersett, has been named a Forty Under Forty by the Fort Worth Business Press – an annual list that recognizes 40 honorees, all under age 40, who are helping to shape Fort Worth’s future through their professional accomplishments and community involvement. Summersett and the other award recipients were honored on Wednesday, June 21, during a ceremony at the Fort Worth Zoo. She will also be featured in an upcoming edition of the Fort Worth Business Press. “It’s an honor to have been selected along with so many extraordinary men and women,” Summersett said. “We represent different sectors of the Fort Worth business community, but all share the same goal of making a positive impact in our city. I can’t help but be inspired by the collective efforts of everyone making Fort Worth a strong and vibrant place to live and work. ” According to the Fort Worth Business Press, the Forty Under Forty awards were first presented in 1994 for the purpose of singling out emerging leaders under the age of 40 for their success in business and in life and for their contributions to the Tarrant County community. Over the years, many of the honorees have gone on to rank among the area’s most accomplished, influential, and recognizable citizens. Summersett’s selection as a Forty Under Forty honoree reflects her commitment to excellence. Throughout her career, she has excelled at everything she has set her mind to — from becoming one of the youngest board-certified criminal attorneys in the state of Texas to co-owning one of the fastest-growing law firms in North Texas. In 2014, Summersett and her now-husband, Benson Varghese, left their jobs as prosecutors at the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office to start Varghese Summersett, a criminal defense firm that has since expanded into family and personal injury law. The firm has been named one of the fastest-growing businesses in the U. S. by Inc. 5000 magazine; a best company to work for by Fort Worth Inc. magazine; and recognized as a best place for working parents by the city of Fort Worth. Summersett has been named a finalist as an Entrepreneur of Excellence, a Top Attorney, and a Super Lawyer Rising Star, among other accolades. She is also heavily involved in her community, serving in numerous legal and community organizations. In addition to being a great lawyer, successful businesswoman, and philanthropic leader, Summersett is a devoted wife and mother to three boys, all under the age of 5. “I’m incredibly proud of Anna’s accomplishments, both professionally and personally,” said Benson Varghese, managing partner of the firm and her husband. “She has been integral to developing our firm culture, which has been central to our success and ultimately the success of our clients. We are incredibly thankful for all she brings to the firm and thankful for this recognition of her relentless spirit. I honestly don’t know how she does... > If you received a federal target letter or are wondering what a federal target letter is, our Board Certified Criminal Lawyer lays out the comprehensive guide. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-target-letter/ Federal Target Letter Explained Understanding Federal Target Letters In the complex world of federal investigations, one of the most critical documents you may encounter is a federal target letter. This letter serves as an official notification from a federal prosecutor that you are under investigation for a potential crime. The receipt of such a letter can be a daunting experience, filled with uncertainty and anxiety. I am a Board Certified Criminal Lawyer who has defended every level of federal offense. In this article, I will lay out a comprehensive guide on federal target letters, helping you navigate this challenging situation with confidence and informed decision-making. What is a Federal Target Letter? A federal target letter is a formal correspondence issued by the U. S. Department of Justice or a federal prosecutor, indicating that you are the ‘target’ of a federal criminal investigation. There are generally three parts to a federal target letter: the nature of the investigation, a statement of your rights, and often an invitation to testify before the grand jury. A target letter outlines the nature of the crime you’re suspected of, the rights you have, including the right to legal representation, and often an invitation to testify before a grand jury or speak to a prosecutor. It’s important to note that while a target letter is a serious matter, it is not an indictment or a guarantee of one. It is, however, a clear signal that you are significantly involved in a criminal investigation, and immediate action is necessary. It is also very clearly putting you on notice that you are a target, not merely a witness the grand jury wants to hear from. DOJ Guidance for a Target Letter Types of Federal Target Letters In the realm of federal investigations, there are two primary types of target letters that you might receive, each with distinct implications and originating from different federal entities. The first type is a target letter from a federal prosecutor, typically from the U. S. Department of Justice. This letter signifies that you are the ‘target’ of a federal criminal investigation. In this context, being a ‘target’ means that there is substantial evidence linking you to a crime, and the prosecutor believes they could indict you based on this evidence. This letter often outlines the nature of the crime you’re suspected of, your rights, including the right to legal representation, and may include an invitation to testify before a grand jury. The second type of target letter is issued directly by the grand jury. This letter serves a similar purpose in notifying you that you are the target of an ongoing investigation. However, it’s important to note that this letter is typically issued when the grand jury has already been convened and is actively investigating the alleged crime. Regardless of the source, both types of target letters are serious notifications that require immediate attention and appropriate action. They provide crucial information about your status in an investigation and the potential legal risks you... > Murder is a first degree felony in TX. The lawyers at Varghese Summersett are experienced trial lawyers ready mount an aggressive defense. Call to consult. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/murder/ Murder in Texas Explained Few attorneys in Texas have heard the words "not guilty" from a jury after defending their client on the charge of murder. We have. Our Fort Worth murder lawyers have handled dozens of murder cases over the decades, first as prosecutors and now as defense attorneys. Experience matters. Understanding Texas Penal Code § 19. 02 - Murder Texas Penal Code § 19. 02 defines murder as one of the following acts: Intentionally or knowingly causing the death of another person Intending to cause serious bodily injury and committing an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes death Causing death while committing or attempting to commit a felony (felony murder) How is Murder Defined in Texas? In most murder cases, the defendant is accused of "intentionally or knowingly causing the death of another person. " However, the definition for murder in Texas is actually broader than that, and it includes deaths that were caused unintentionally, where the accused acted with the intent to cause serious bodily injury and committed an act that was clearly dangerous to the life of another. A person can also be charged with murder if, while committing a felony, he or she commits an act that is clearly dangerous to human life and causes a death. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Varghese Summersett PLLC (@versustexas) What is the Punishment Range for Murder? Murder is typically classified as a first-degree felony, punishable by: 5 to 99 years or life in prison Fine up to $10,000 Both imprisonment and fine However, murder can be reduced to a second-degree felony if the defendant proves they acted under the immediate influence of sudden passion arising from adequate cause. Texas does not allow juries to give probation for murder, pursuant to Code of Criminal Procedure 42A. 056. Murder vs. Other Homicides in Texas Offense Penal Code Statute Elements Level Punishment Range Capital Murder 19. 03 Murder plus aggravating factor (multiple victims, child victim, police victim, etc. ) Capital Felony Death or life without parole Murder 19. 02 Intentionally causing death or serious bodily injury resulting in death First-Degree Felony 5-99 years or life; up to $10,000 fine Manslaughter 19. 04 Recklessly causing death Second-Degree Felony 2-20 years; up to $10,000 fine Criminally Negligent Homicide 19. 05 Causing death through criminal negligence State Jail Felony 180 days to 2 years; up to $10,000 fine Intoxication Manslaughter 49. 08 Causing death while operating vehicle/aircraft/vessel while intoxicated Second-Degree Felony 2-20 years; up to $10,000 fine Can You Get an Appeal Bond after a Jury finds you Guilty of Murder? No. Code of Criminal Procedure Article 44. 04 prohibits an appeal bond on murder. What is The Sudden Passion Defense in Texas? Sudden passion is a mitigating finding that allows jurors to consider whether a murder defendant had been provoked to such a level of fear, rage or resentment that any reasonable person in a similar situation would have been "incapable of cool reflection. " If jurors... > Learn about federal gun trafficking laws in Fort Worth and the possible punishments if you have been charged with illegal firearm smuggling. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/trafficking/ Federal Gun Trafficking Defense Illegally-obtained firearms often show up in federal drug crimes and conspiracies, so it should come as no surprise that the federal government is very interested in the prosecution of gun trafficking. These activities are commonly prosecuted under 18 USC 922 and 18 USC 554. The Iron Pipeline The ATF estimates that around 50,000 guns are being diverted to criminals across state lines every year. The ATF also attributes a great deal of illegal gun trafficking to the Iron Pipeline, which is the I-95 corridor stretching from the Southern United States to the Mid-Atlantic and New England states. What Is Gun Trafficking? Texas Penal Code 46. 14 prohibits the smuggling of firearms, which means knowingly taking part in the business of transferring or transporting a firearm that the individuals know was bought in violation of either federal or Texas law. A person is considered to engage in the business of transporting or transferring firearms if the individual takes part in such conduct on multiple occasions, or if they do it for profit, etc. This is a third degree felony, punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Gun trafficking is the diversion of guns from a lawful commerce stream into the illegal market. Broadly speaking, gun trafficking includes the following: Straw Purchasers A straw purchaser is someone who buys a firearm for another person, most often because the other person is unable to pass a federal background check or does not want their name associated with the gun. We will discuss straw purchasers in detail in this article as it is the primary focus of federal prosecutors. Unlicensed Sellers Federal law prohibits a person who is not a gun dealer from selling their guns online, at gun shows, or anywhere else. The licensing requirement exists so the Government knows that only individuals who are legally eligible to purchase a firearm are given the opportunity to do so. Gun Dealers Believe it or not, licensed firearms dealers are linked to a large amount of illegally-diverted guns in the world today. While most gun dealers strictly adhere to federal laws governing the sale of firearms, some sell firearms “off the books” and use their knowledge of federal firearm laws to subvert detection. Selling Guns Online / Smuggling Firearms Sometimes guns are sold online without documentation through the Dark Web using the Tor Browser. If a person is caught illegally selling firearms online, they may be prosecuted for a variety of firearm offenses including, most commonly, for possessing a firearm from which the manufacturer’s serial number has been removed, altered and obliterated, which was shipped and transported in interstate and foreign commerce, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 922(k) and 924(a)(1)(B). Exporting a gun from which the manufacturer’s serial number is removed is violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 554. Smuggling firearms from the United States is punishable by up to 10 years in prison and up to a $250,000 fine. What is a Straw... > If you were arrested for criminal mischief in Fort Worth, reach out to a lawyer who has experince these handling cases and can help build a strong defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/criminal-mischief/ Criminal Mischief in Fort Worth Criminal mischief is a common crime in Texas and one that we often see committed by young people. According to Texas Penal Code Section 28. 03, criminal mischief occurs when an individual intentionally damages or destroys property, tampers with property, causes substantial inconvenience to the property owner, or creates markings of some kind on an owner’s property. The key to this charge is the damage to the property, not possession. What are the Types of Criminal Mischief? Types of property damage that may be categorized as criminal mischief include breaking windows, keying cars, egging houses, smashing mailboxes, destroying school property and defacing a public building with spray paint. It is important to note that individuals who damage their own property cannot be convicted of criminal mischief unless they share ownership with someone else. Examples of criminal mischief can include: Damage to a house Damage to a business Damage to a vehicle Damage to a school Defacing private or public property Punishment for this offense is generally decided by the monetary damage. What is the Punishment for Criminal Mischief? Criminal mischief in Texas can be punished as a misdemeanor or as felony depending on the amount of damage that was caused. For example, if the damage was less than $100, you could be facing a Class C misdemeanor punishable by up to a $500 fine. If the damage was between $1500 to $30,000, you could be looking at up to two years in a state jail facility. In some cases, it is possible to get this charge dismissed in exchange for repair or repayment of the property damage to the owner. That's why it's important to talk to a skilled defense attorney as soon as possible. Here's a look at the breakdown of punishment ranges: Under $100 - Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. Between $100 and $750 - Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail. Between $750 to 2500 - Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail. Between $2500 and $30,000 - State jail felony punishable by up to two yeas in a state jail. Between $30,000 and $150,000 - Third degree felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Between $150,000 to $300,000 - Second degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison. More than $300,000 - First degree felony punishable by up to life in prison. Building a Defense for a Charge of Criminal Mischief in Fort Worth Generally, a property offense charge relies heavily on the physical evidence and witness statements. Police must show that the defendant knew he or she didn’t have the right destroy or damage the property, that the accused intended to destroy or damage it and that the accused physically committed the act that caused the damage. One of the most effective ways to combat criminal mischief charges is by challenging the reliability of the physical evidence and the legality of the process police... > Hailey Klingbeil is an Associate at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/hailey-klingbeil/ Hailey Klingbeil Associate Hailey Klingbeil is an Associate at Varghese Summersett in the Family Law Group, where she is passionate about helping individuals and families navigate times of change and crisis. She has a deep understanding of the emotional and legal challenges that come with divorce, child custody disputes, property division, and other family matters. Hailey is committed to providing personalized attention to each client so she can understand their unique situation and tailor a strategy to achieve the best outcome. In some cases, that may mean an aggressive courtroom battle, while in others it might be finding an amicable resolution that avoids the need for contentious and costly litigation. In addition to being a fierce advocate for her clients, Hailey is also a devoted daughter, sister, and aunt with strong Texas roots. She and her three sisters grew up on a 40-acre farm just outside of Wylie, a quaint suburb of Dallas. After graduating from Wylie East High School, she followed in her family’s footsteps and attended Texas A&M University, becoming a third-generation Aggie (along with her sisters). Afterward, Hailey returned to North Texas to attend Texas A&M School of Law in downtown Fort Worth. While in law school, she received an externship at a family law firm, which sparked her passion for this field. During this time, her sister also adopted a 6-month-old baby girl in Tarrant County – an experience that solidified her passion for family law. Hailey is dedicated to immeasurably improving clients’ lives. She is excited to be part of a team that puts its heart and soul into every case it takes on. When she isn’t in the office, Hailey enjoys helping friends and family with interior design projects. Fun Fact: Hailey grew up on a small miniature horse farm. Education Texas A&M University School of Law, Juris Doctorate, 2021 Texas A&M University, Bachelor of Science in Biology, 2018 Philanthropy Tarrant County National Adoption Day, Volunteer Texas Law Help, LiveChat Volunteer Practice Areas Contested and Uncontested Divorce Property and Asset Division Spousal Maintenance Temporary Orders Child Custody, Support, and Modification Child Visitation, Possession and Access Paternity Grandparent’s Rights Prenuptial Agreements Adoptions Honors, Awards, Memberships One to Watch in America, Best Lawyers, 2025 Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2025 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2024 - Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2024 - Present Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Tarrant County Family Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Bar Association, Member Tarrant County Young Lawyers Association, Member State Bar of Texas, Member > If you were arrested for breaking and entering, you need a strong defense. Call a Fort Worth burglary lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/burglary/ Fort Worth Burglary Lawyer Burglary charges carry serious consequences in Texas including prison time, fines, and being labeled a felon. Our Fort Worth burglary lawyers are experienced in defending all levels of burglary charges and are prepared to stand by you every step of the way. Overview of Burglary Texas Penal Code §30. 02 establishes the legal definition of burglary. A burglary occurs when a person enters or remains on private property with the intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault. The intent to commit a felony, theft, or assault, can be formed before the property was entered, or after the property was entered. For a prosecutor to prove that the accused committed the crime of burglary, they must prove each element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. First, the prosecutor must establish entry without permission or concealment. Entry is without permission when the owner has not given consent to be on the property. Remaining concealed on the property without the consent of the owner also suffices to establish this element. Second, the prosecution must establish the accused intended to assault, steal, or otherwise engage in a felony. As noted above, this intent can be formed after entry or before. Also notice the burglary statute does not require a completed assault, theft, or felony; just that the accused intended on committing such an act. Our experienced burglary lawyer in Fort Worth will carefully scrutinize the evidence to identify any weaknesses in the prosecution’s case. For more information, please reference Texas Penal Code Section §30. 02. What are the Different Types of Burglary Offenses? There are several different types of burglary offenses of which someone may be accused, including the following: Burglary of habitation; Burglary of a building; Burglary of a coin-collection or coin-operated machine; and Burglary of a vehicle. While burglary of a vehicle and coin-operated machine are generally charged as misdemeanor offenses, burglary of a habitation and burglary of building are charged as felonies. Contact our office to speak to a Fort Worth burglary attorney today. During the free consultation, we will evaluate your case and discuss a plan of action to best defend your case. What are the Punishments for Breaking and Entering? The punishments for burglary in Texas include high fines and lengthy periods of confinement. The goals for our Fort Worth attorneys is to avoid imprisonment and a felony conviction where ever possible. Burglary of a building is a state jail felony offense, punishable by a maximum two-year state jail sentence and a $10,000 fine. Burglary of a habitation is a second-degree felony, which carries a penalty of up to 20 in prison and a maximum fine of $10,000. In the event someone is convicted of burglarizing a habitation with the intention of engaging in a felony other than theft, they will face first-degree felony penalties. The punishment range is five years to life in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Recent Burglary Arrests in Fort Worth News: Police ID suspects in car... > Disorderly conduct covers a broad range of offensive or reckless conduct. Call to speak to a Fort Worth disorderly conduct lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/disorderly-conduct/ Fort Worth Disorderly Conduct Lawyer What is disorderly conduct in Texas? Disorderly conduct is a misdemeanor offense defined in Section 42. 01 of the Texas Penal Code that prohibits a broad range of offensive or reckless conduct in public, including: abusive, indecent, profane or vulgar language offensive gestures noxious and unreasonable odors offensive threats toward a person unreasonable noises fighting in public displaying or discharging a firearm recklessly exposing anus or genitals peeking in a private residence, hotel, restroom or shower stall designed for privacy What is the punishment for disorderly conduct? A Fort Worth disorderly conduct charge is generally a Class C misdemeanor, which is a ticket punishable by a maximum $500 fine. However, disorderly conduct charges that involve discharging or displaying a firearm in a public place in Texas are Class B misdemeanors, punishable by up to six months in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. Should you hire a criminal defense firm or a ticket attorney? While we generally leave Class C matters to “ticket attorneys,” we do handle disorderly conduct charges in the Tarrant-Dallas area - especially if the recipient of the citation is a professional or student who is interested in resolving the citation in a way make them eligible for a future expunction. Our goal is to resolve the ticket through a dismissal, acquittal, or in another fashion that makes the citation expunction eligible, which means the arrest can eventually be erased from your record. We will review the facts and circumstances of the case and design a defense strategy that will produce the most favorable outcome. It's important to note that there are some affirmative defenses to disorderly conduct, including if significant provocation lead to the abusive or threatening for which you are accused. If your charge stems from discharging a firearm, there is an affirmative defense if the firearm was discharged out of a reasonable fear of bodily injury by a wild animal. If any of these defenses apply to your case, we must assert them as soon as possible. Seek the services of a Fort Worth disorderly conduct attorney Were you arrested for disorderly conduct? Call our firm today for a free consultation with an experienced criminal defense attorney. We will work to resolve this matter in a manner that will keep your record clean. > Facing an arraignment hearing? Here's what you need to know about arraignment in Texas. We'll guide you through the arraignment process in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/arraignment-in-texas/ Understanding Arraignment In Texas An arraignment in Texas can mean two different things. First, a person is arraigned at the inception of the case against them. This is when the judge reads and describes the nature of the charge aloud to the defendant. If a bond hasn’t been set, the judge will address the bond at this point in the arraignment process in Texas. Second, another arraignment occurs after the case is filed. This is a critical stage in the Texas criminal justice system. The defendant is formally charged with an offense and enters a plea. During this arraignment, the judge reads the charges against the defendant, who then enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. When is an Arraignment in Texas? In some jurisdictions, this occurs at a preliminary setting. In other jurisdictions, a defendant is arraigned when the case is set for trial. This article will distinguish the two arraignments as the preliminary arraignment and the formal arraignment. How does the Arraignment Process work in Texas? Timeframe: The preliminary arraignment process in Texas typically occurs within 48 to 72 hours after an arrest. Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 26. 01 states that the defendant must be arraigned in court without unnecessary delay. Legal representation: At the preliminary arraignment, when the defendant is advised of his charge, attorneys for either side are not present. At the formal arraignment, the defendant has the right to an attorney. The court appoints a public defender if the defendant cannot afford an attorney. Plea options: The defendant will be asked to enter a plea during the arraignment. The options are: Guilty – Defendant admits guilt, and the case proceeds to the sentencing phase. Not Guilty – Defendant denies guilt, and the case proceeds to pretrial hearings and possibly a trial. No contest (Nolo contendere) – Defendant neither admits nor disputes the charges, and the case proceeds to sentencing. Not all courts accept a plea of no contest. It is sometimes used to avoid the civil collateral consequences of a guilty plea in the criminal context. What happens at a federal arraignment? A federal arraignment is a crucial step in the criminal justice process in the United States when an individual is facing federal charges. It is a formal court hearing where the defendant appears before a judge to be informed of the charges against them and to enter a plea. Here’s what typically happens at a federal arraignment: Court Appearance: The defendant, along with their attorney, appears before a federal judge in a designated courtroom. Reading of Charges: The judge reads the charges filed by the federal prosecutor against the defendant. This is called “reading the indictment” or “reading the information. ” The indictment or information is a formal document that outlines the specific criminal charges and allegations against the defendant. The formal reading can be waived. Rights Explanation: The judge ensures that the defendant understands their rights, such as the right to remain silent, the right to an... > False Alarm or Report in Fort Worth is a Class A misdemeanor carrying up to a year in jail., or a state jail felony for a false report of a school emergency. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/false-alarm/ Making a False Alarm or Report in Fort Worth or Texas In 2020, at the very beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, a Tyler man made headlines after he falsely reported on Facebook that he tested positive for COVID-19 at a Tyler hospital. Law enforcement, medical workers, and emergency management responded to the claim. He later told police that he did it as a "social experiment. " Making a false alarm or report is a crime in Texas. We often see this type of offense at schools when a student pulls a fire alarm as a prank or calls in a false bomb threat to get out of taking a test. Most of the time, the students don't understand the gravity of the situation and how it can negatively impact their future. Here's a look at the law and potential consequences for making a false alarm or report in Texas. What is making a false alarm or report in Texas? According to 42. 06 of the Texas Penal Code, this offense is committed if a person knowingly initiates, communicates or circulates a report of a present, past or future bombing, fire, offense or other emergency that he or she knows is false or baseless and that would ordinarily: (1) cause action by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies; (2) place a person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury; or (3) prevents or interrupts the occupation of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, or aircraft, automobile or other mode of conveyance. What is the punishment for making a false report or alarm? The severity of the punishment for making a false report or alarm depends on where the false alarm is reported to have occurred, not the location of the actor. If the false report involves a public or private institution of higher education or involves a public primary or secondary school, public communications, public transportation, public water, gas or power supply or other public service, the offense is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. If the alarm or false report involves any other location, it is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and up to a $4,000 fine. For example, pulling a fire alarm in a high school or calling in a false bomb threat at a university would be punished as a state jail felony. Defending against charges of a false alarm in Fort Worth If you have been arrested for making a false alarm or report in Fort Worth, the charges can range from a misdemeanor to felony — both of which can leave you with a criminal record and negatively impact your family, finances and future. That's why it's important to contact an experienced defense attorney as soon as possible. Our team of skilled attorneys have extensive experience handling every type of offense in... > Doxing occurs when someone publishes private information about someone else online without their consent. Learn about the crime and consquences of doxing in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/doxing-in-texas/ What Is Doxing – And Is It Illegal In Texas? You may have heard about someone getting “doxed” or someone “doxing” a person. But what does that mean, and most importantly, is it illegal in Texas? Doxing, also spelled “doxxing,” is a form of cyberbullying that has surged in popularity across the state and country. In this blog post, we explain what it is, how it is punished (yes, can be illegal), and what to do if you are accused of doxing in Texas. What is Doxing? Doxing, short for “dropping dox,” is a term that originates from the abbreviated form of documents or “dox. ” It refers to the act of spreading or posting private information about individuals or organizations to the public, mostly through the Internet. Doxing is committed without the victim’s knowledge or consent, and it is often done to harass or get revenge. The practice of doxing has gained popularity and notoriety over the years and, during the the 2023 legislative session, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 611 in an effort to crack down on the practice by making it illegal to disclose someone’s phone number or address. Other offenses can also stem from the act of doxing. What Constitutes Doxing Under Texas Law? Beginning on Sept. 1, 2023, Section 42. 074 of the Texas Penal Code criminalizes a type of doxing – which is officially titled “Unlawful Diclosure of Residence Address or Telephone Number. ” Under this statute, a person commits doxing if he or she “posts on a publicly accessible website the residence address or telephone number of an individual with the intent to cause harm or threat of harm to the individual or a member of the individual’s family or household. ” It is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by six months in jail and a maximum $2000 fine, to post an individual’s address or number on a publicly accessible website with the intent to cause harm or a threat of harm to the individual or a member of the individual’s family or household. The punishment can be elevated to a Class A misdemeanor if the offense results in bodily injury of that individual or their family member. What are some Examples of Doxxing? While doxing ranges in severity, it basically entails releasing private or personal information to the public in an attempt to harass, extort, or shame. Examples include: Posting an individual’s phone number or address on the Internet Releasing personal photos of an individual Releasing information about an individual’s family, work or other private information Encouraging others to use released information to harass an individual You may remember many years ago when creepy distorted videos of individuals wearing Guy Fawkes masks were being circulated on social media. These individuals are a part of the hactivist group, “Anonymous,” which is a collective group of online hackers who release private information or “dox” individuals or groups for political purposes, such as KKK members and law enforcement members. More recently, the group reemerged to... > Flying while intoxicated in Fort Worth is a misdemeanor offense. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett to learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/flying-while-intoxicated/ Flying While Intoxicated in Fort Worth Flying While Intoxicated is a misdemeanor offense that can have devastating effects on a person's ability to fly in the future. The FAA prohibits the consumption of alcohol 8 hours before a flight and prohibits a person from flying with a BAC of . 04 or greater. (Penal Code Section 49. 05). Similarly, the State of Texas makes it an offense to fly while intoxicated. This definition of intoxication broadly encompasses any intoxicant - alcohol, drugs, dangerous drugs, even prescription medication. Convictions for Flying While Intoxicated may hinge on whether the police officer, blood draw nurse, or forensic scientist did his or her job properly. Remember that it is the State’s burden to prove intoxication if they believe you are intoxicated. Be polite, and let the police do their job. Remember you don’t have to do their job for them. Don’t volunteer information, politely decline to answer questions or do field sobriety tests. Contact an Attorney to Defend Against Charges for Flying While Intoxicated in Fort Worth A conviction for this offense can ruin careers, personal lives, and can set you back financially. If you have been arrested for Flying While Intoxicated in Fort Worth, contact us immediately. > Varghese Summersett has been named a 2025 "Best Company to Work for in Fort Worth" by Fort Work Inc. magazine. Learn more about this prestigous honor. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/best-company-to-work-for/ Varghese Summersett has been named a "Best Company to Work for in Fort Worth" by Fort Worth Inc. magazine, marking the fourth year in a row that the law firm has received this prestigious honor. Varghese Summersett was recognized on Thursday, August 14, during an awards luncheon at River Ranch Stockyards, where business leaders from greater Fort Worth gathered to celebrate the city’s most exemplary employers. The firm and the other award winners are also featured in this month's magazine. "It's an honor to receive this recognition again because it's based, in part, on feedback from our team members," said Partner Anna Summersett. “Our goal is to foster a workplace where every attorney and staff member feels supported, appreciated, and respected while pursuing their career goals. We also like to have fun. " Varghese Summersett was among 50 companies selected based on their “remarkable workplace policies, practices, and employee-centered philosophies. ” Each company underwent a comprehensive registration and survey process, which included employees being anonymously surveyed by Workforce Research Group. The employees answered questions about employee benefits, work-from-home and vacation policies, wellness initiatives, diversity, and fun activities. The survey findings were then analyzed and used to create a list of the 50 most outstanding companies in the greater Fort Worth area. Fort Worth Inc. touted Varghese Summersett for giving all full-time female employees Gucci bags and male RIMOWA luggage for Christmas. Managing Partner Benson Varghese said the gesture highlights the firm’s commitment to recognizing and appreciating its team with thoughtful, high-end gifts. “We recognize that our team is our most valuable asset and the key to our success,” Varghese said. “We want them to look forward to coming to work every day, which is why we are dedicated to fostering a firm culture that emphasizes collaboration, rewards excellence, celebrates achievements, and empowers everyone to be their best selves. " Headquartered in downtown Forth Worth, Varghese Summersett is a premiere criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. The firm’s roster is full of highly experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has more than 1200 5-Star Google reviews and has been named a “DFW Favorite,” a “Small Business of the Year,” and a “Best Place for Working Parents,” among numerous other honors. > Turner Thornton is a highly-regarded family lawyer who leads Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/j-turner-thornton/ J. Turner Thornton Partner Turner Thornton is a highly-regarded Fort Worth family law attorney who leads Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division. A skilled negotiator, experienced litigator, and licensed mediator, Turner has successfully guided hundreds of individuals and families through their most tumultuous times. Divorce, child custody disputes, and property division are among the most contentious and complex cases in the legal system. Turner understands the intricacies and complexities involved in family law and works strategically to find and implement the best solution for each client. While many cases are resolved through mediation, others require an aggressive courtroom battle. Turner is skilled in all aspects of case resolution and treats every person who walks through his door with honesty, professionalism and compassion. In addition to being a highly adept lawyer, Turner is also a family man with deep ties to the community. He was born and raised in North Texas along with his older sister, Katie. He attended Martin High School in Arlington. After high school, Turner attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he graduated in 2009. Afterward, he returned to the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex to attend Texas A&M University School of Law (formerly Texas Wesleyan University). There, he obtained his law degree and also met his future wife, Alex – who is a defense attorney at Varghese Summersett. Turner and Alex have two young children. They are also the proud parents of two dachshunds, Clifford and Annie. Fun Fact: In 2015, Turner appeared on the game show, Celebrity Name Game — and won. Education Texas A & M University School of Law (formerly Texas Wesleyan School of Law), Juris Doctor, 2012 University of Texas at Austin, Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology, Minor in Business, 2009 Practice Areas Mediation High Net Worth Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Property and Asset Division Enforcement of Existing Orders Father’s Rights Grandparent’s Rights Prenuptial Agreements Postnuptial Agreements Honors, Awards & Accolades Licensed Mediator Recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law, 2024 Texas A&M Law Alumni Legacy Award Recipient, Private Practice Achievement Award, 2024 Elected Board Member, Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association, 2023-2025 Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2023, 2024, 2025 Top Attorney, Southlake Style, 2024, 2025 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2015 – Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2017 – Present Top Attorney, 76107 Magazine, 2019, 2020 Memberships Board Member, Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association Board Member, FUMC Day School Member, Texas Bar College Member, Tarrant County Bar Association – Family Law Section Member, Fort Worth-Tarrant County Young Lawyers Association Member, State Bar of Texas Member, State Bar of Texas Family Law Section Member, Tarrant County Family Bar Association Member, Tarrant County Bar Association Bar Admissions State Bar of Texas U. S. Supreme Court > Federal Wire Fraud under 18 USC 1343 carries up to 20 years in prison. In this article we explain how this statute is applied and defended. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/wire-fraud/ Federal Wire Fraud Explained Federal Wire Fraud under 18 USC § 1343 The U. S. Government did not always have generalized prosecution powers. Actually, most criminal prosecution was originally intended to be handled under the police powers of the individual states. However, as is the case with most government initiatives, the federal Government’s authority in this area grew to an astounding level. This holds true for prosecutions under the wire fraud statute as well. Under federal law, an activity that affects interstate commerce may be criminalized under the Constitution based upon their interference with such commerce. While the language may seem stilted and innocuous, it is very powerful. Imagine how much activity affects interstate commerce. Every store that ships or receives property across state lines is subject to federal jurisdiction. Further, all activity through the mail and phone lines is also subject to that jurisdiction. Understanding Federal Wire Fraud Federal wire fraud is defined under 18 U. S. C. § 1343. Let's break down this law in simple terms. Elements of Wire Fraud To prove wire fraud, prosecutors must show: The defendant created or participated in a scheme to defraud The defendant acted with intent to defraud The defendant used interstate wire communications to carry out the scheme Sentencing and Punishment Under 18 U. S. C. § 1343, wire fraud carries: Maximum of 20 years in prison per count Maximum fine of $250,000 for individuals Maximum fine of $500,000 for organizations 18 U. S. C. § 3571, which contains the general rules for federal fines. Under § 3571(b) and (c): The maximum fine for an individual convicted of a felony is $250,000. The maximum fine for an organization convicted of a felony is $500,000. Thus, the standard maximum fines for wire fraud (when no financial institution is involved) are $250,000 for individuals and $500,000 for organizations. Higher Penalties Under Certain Circumstances If the wire fraud involves a financial institution or certain other aggravating factors, § 1343 increases the stakes: Imprisonment of up to 30 years, and A fine of up to $1 million (instead of the lower limits mentioned above). If the fraud involves federal disaster relief or affects a financial institution, the maximum sentence increases to 30 years and the fine can go up to $1,000,000. Wire Fraud vs. Mail Fraud Comparison Feature Wire Fraud (18 U. S. C. § 1343) Mail Fraud (18 U. S. C. § 1341) Method Used Interstate wire communications (phone, email, internet, etc. ) U. S. Mail or private interstate carriers Basic Elements Scheme to defraud + use of wire communications Scheme to defraud + use of mail system Intent Required Specific intent to defraud Specific intent to defraud Basic Maximum Sentence 20 years per count 20 years per count Enhanced Maximum Sentence 30 years (if affecting financial institution) 30 years (if affecting financial institution) Basic Maximum Fine $250,000 individual / $500,000 organization $250,000 individual / $500,000 organization Jurisdiction Federal courts only Federal courts only Additional Considerations Both wire and mail fraud: Can be charged per... > Contact visits for Texas inmates at both jails and prisons have specific rules and regulations, including eligibility criteria, scheduling, and procedures. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/contact-visits-for-texas-inmates/ Contact Visits For Texas Inmates What are Contact Visits in Texas Prisons? Contact visits for Texas inmates are face-to-face meetings between inmates and their loved ones without physical barriers, allowing for limited physical contact. In Texas, both jails and prisons have specific rules and regulations governing contact visits, including eligibility criteria, scheduling, and procedures. Eligibility for Contact Visits for Texas Prison Inmates Inmate Classification And Behavior Inmates must be classified as minimum or medium custody and maintain a good disciplinary record. Inmates with disciplinary infractions or a history of violence may be denied contact visits. Visitor Approval Process Visitors must be approved by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) before being allowed to make visitation information and participate in contact visits. This involves submitting a visitation application and undergoing a background check. Only approved visitors, such as immediate family members and close friends, will be allowed to participate in contact visits for Texas inmates. Are Conjugal Visits Allowed in Texas? Conjugal visits, also known as extended family visits or private family visits, are visits that allow inmates in prison to spend time with their spouses or significant others in a private, home-like setting. These visits are typically unsupervised and can last for several hours or even days, depending on the jurisdiction and the specific rules governing the visits. Current Status Of Conjugal Visits In Texas Prisons As of now, Texas does not allow conjugal visits for inmates in its state prisons. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) has consistently maintained a policy against allowing these visits, citing concerns over safety, security, and costs associated with implementing such a program. Procedures for Contact Visits in Texas Prisons Scheduling Contact Visits Once a visitor has been approved, they must schedule their contact visit. Contact visits for Texas inmates in prison are typically held on weekends and holidays, with a limited number of slots available. It is essential to schedule your visit in advance to ensure a spot. Rules And Regulations For Contact Visits For Texas Inmates During contact visits, both the visitor and the inmate must follow strict rules to ensure the safety and security of everyone involved. These rules may include: Dress code requirements for visitors Restrictions on items brought into the visitation area Limited physical contact, such as brief hugs and handshakes Violating these rules may result in the termination of the visit or loss of contact visitation privileges. Are conjugal visits allowed for Texas inmates? No, conjugal visits are not allowed for Texas inmates. The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) does not permit conjugal visits, which are private visits between an inmate and their spouse, typically for the purpose of maintaining intimate relationships. In Texas, only contact visits are allowed, and these visits have strict rules and limitations, including restrictions on physical contact and online video visitation. Do Texas inmates ever get privacy with visitors? In Texas, inmates do not get privacy with visitors during regular visits, including contact visits. Visits are closely monitored by correctional... > Fort Worth federal drug charges can result in massive penalties upon a conviction. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett now. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/drugs/ Defending Federal Drug Charges Why should you retain an experienced federal criminal defense attorney if you are charged with a federal drug crime? First and foremost, federal drug cases carry massive penalties, and you can be punished for a far greater quantity of drugs than were found on you. This article explains how low-level drug charges can lead to massive sentences due to the reliance on the recommendations of the United States Sentencing Guidelines, as well as overly broad punishment enhancements. Defending against federal drug charges is a complex and challenging process that requires a thorough understanding of federal laws, procedural rules, and strategic defense tactics. Federal drug charges often carry severe penalties and are prosecuted aggressively by the United States Attorney’s Office. The defense of such cases demands experienced legal representation and a proactive approach. Here’s an overview of the key aspects involved in defending federal drug charges: Understanding Federal Drug Laws Federal drug charges can be brought under various statutes, primarily the Controlled Substances Act (21 U. S. C. § 801 and following), which categorizes drugs into schedules based on their potential for abuse and medical use. Charges may include possession, distribution, trafficking, manufacturing, and conspiracy related to controlled substances. Sentencing in Federal Drug Cases The United States Sentencing Guidelines are the most significant factor impacting the lives of individuals convicted of federal crimes. Many articles, training presentations, treatises, and barroom conversations have lamented the controversial results the guidelines have had for federal offenders. While esoteric philosophical debates may fascinate attorneys and law professors, justice is far more critical than academic discourse. It is the moral backbone of society and a reflection of social values. Put simply, justice is an expectation of citizens that offenders will be punished for their misdeeds while, simultaneously, an expectation that such punishments fit that offender and the severity of his or her crime. Courts have two ways to achieve accuracy and proportionality in sentencing. First, courts can take an unstructured “each crime is unique” approach, just looking at the facts of a case and asking a judge to do his or her best to come up with a sentence. The second approach is to seek a highly structured, mathematical approach that seeks uniformity in sentencing. The United States Sentencing Guidelines are an attempt at this second approach. Guideline Policy Statement To achieve this end, Congress first sought honesty in sentencing. It sought to avoid the confusion and implicit deception that arose out of the pre-guideline sentencing system, which required the court to impose an indeterminate sentence of imprisonment and empowered the parole commission to determine how much of the sentence an offender would actually serve in prison. This practice usually resulted in a substantial reduction in the effective length of the sentence imposed, with defendants often serving only about one-third of the sentence imposed by the court. Second, Congress sought reasonable uniformity in sentencing by narrowing the wide disparity in sentences imposed for similar criminal offenses committed by similar offenders. Third, Congress... > Have you been arrested for abuse of official capacity in Fort Worth? A lawyer at our firm could help to explain your rights and work to build a defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/abuse-of-capacity/ Abuse of Official Capacity in Fort Worth Penal Code Section 39. 02 makes it illegal for a public servant to use government property, services, personnel, or anything of value, that comes into the public servant’s possession by virtue of the public servant’s office. The mental state requirement for this offense is that the public servant intended to obtain a benefit while intentionally or knowingly committing the act in question. This offense ranges from a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the thing used was less than $100 to a first-degree felony if the value of the thing used was $300,000 or more. Value Offense Level Punishment Range Under $100 Class C Up to $500 fine $100 - $750 Class B Up to 180 days in jail $750- $2,500 Class A Up to 1 year in jail $2,500 - $30,000 State Jail 180 days - 2 years in State Jail $30,000-$150,000 Third Degree 2-10 years in prison $150,000-$300,000 Second Degree 2-20 years in prison Upwards of $300,000 First Degree 5-99 years/life For example: State officers and employees are prohibited from using a state computer on state time to send email messages to co-workers urging them to vote for a certain candidate in an upcoming election. Tarrant County District Attorney Sharen Wilson may have missed that. Call a Lawyer for Assistance With Allegations of Abuse of Official Capacity in Fort Worth A seasoned lawyer could help if you have been charged with abuse of official capacity in Fort Worth. Call us today to learn more. > A Fort Worth shoplifting lawyer could help you or a loved one fight back against allegations of taking property from a retail store. Reach out today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/shoplifting/ Fort Worth Shoplifting Lawyer If you have been accused of stealing items from a store or business, you should immediately enlist the help of a skilled defense attorney. The consequences for shoplifting could include fines, possible jail time, and a criminal conviction on your record. Our Fort Worth shoplifting lawyers have extensive experience handling shoplifting cases and maximizing your chances of a positive outcome. From pretrial negotiations to your day in court, our team of attorneys is skilled in all aspects of criminal defense. We will be with you every step of the way and will fight to keep your record clean. What are the Potential Shoplifting Consequences? Shoplifting is a type of theft and is defined as the unlawful taking of another’s property under Texas Penal Code Section 31. 01. Shoplifting typically occurs in a retail store where the property is taken to deprive the store of its belongings. Shoplifting can be charged as a misdemeanor or a felony. This is often determined by the value of the property taken, for example: Class C misdemeanor - If the property stolen is worth $100 or less, the penalty is a maximum fine of $500. Class B misdemeanor - If the property is worth less than $100 but the perpetrator has a prior theft conviction, or if the property is valued between $100 and $750, the penalty is a maximum fine of $2,000 and/or up to 180 days in jail. Class A misdemeanor - If the property is valued between $750 and $2,500, the penalty is a maximum fine of $4,000 and/or up to one year in jail. State jail felony - If the property is valued between $2,500 and $30,000, or if the property stolen is a firearm, the penalty is a maximum fine of $10,000 and between 180 days to two years in jail. Third-degree felony - If the property is valued between $30,000 and $150,000, the penalty is a maximum fine of $10,000 and two to ten years in jail. Second-degree felony - If the property is valued between $150,000 and $300,000, the penalty is a maximum fine of $10,000 and two to 20 years in jail. First-degree felony - If the property is valued above $300,000, the penalty is a maximum fine of $10,000 and five to 99 years in jail. Property Value Classification Penalty $100 or less Class C misdemeanor Maximum fine of $500 Less than $100 (with prior theft conviction) Class B misdemeanor Maximum fine of $2,000 and/or up to 180 days in jail $100 to $750 Class B misdemeanor Maximum fine of $2,000 and/or up to 180 days in jail $750 to $2,500 Class A misdemeanor Maximum fine of $4,000 and/or up to one year in jail $2,500 to $30,000 (or a firearm) State jail felony Maximum fine of $10,000 and 180 days to two years in jail $30,000 to $150,000 Third-degree felony Maximum fine of $10,000 and two to ten years in jail $150,000 to $300,000 Second-degree felony Maximum fine of $10,000 and... > Federal bankruptcy fraud is punishable by up to a 60 month sentence in federal prison under 18 USC 157. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/bankruptcy/ Fort Worth Federal Bankruptcy Fraud Lawyer Bankruptcy fraud is a serious federal offense. The most common basis of a bankruptcy fraud charge is an allegation that assets were concealed or undervalued in order to keep them from becoming subject to the bankruptcy proceeding. If you have been accused of bankruptcy fraud, you may also have prosecutors looking at additional charges such as wire fraud and bank fraud which carry even greater punishment ranges. If you or a loved one has been accused of bankruptcy fraud, it's important to contact an experienced Fort Worth bankruptcy fraud lawyer. The criminal defense attorneys at our firm have experience defending these allegations, working with forensic financial analysts and challenging these cases in federal court. We will thoroughly review your case and identify the most effective mitigation strategies to use in your defense. What Constitutes Bankruptcy Fraud? In situations where a person’s debt outweighs their ability to repay their creditors, it may be necessary to file for bankruptcy. However, if the person filing for bankruptcy is dishonest during the process - perhaps by hiding assets or purposely filing inaccurate paperwork - they could be charged with bankruptcy fraud under 18 U. S. Code § 157. There are various actions classified as bankruptcy fraud. Trying to hide one or multiple assets is one of the most common examples of bankruptcy fraud. During the bankruptcy process, you, as the filer, must answer various questions under oath. Concealing information, minimizing income, or making deceptive affirmations while under oath could also lead to criminal charges. If a bankruptcy trustee, business partner, spouse, or creditor believes assets are being concealed or misrepresented, the trustee has the power to inquire into the validity of transactions and contact federal investigators regarding suspected fraud. Federal prosecutors can bring charges for making false statements in a bankruptcy filing, taking a false oath in regard to a bankruptcy petition, engaging in a scheme to hide and hold assets until after the bankruptcy, as well as the fraudulent transfer of assets. You could also be charged with bankruptcy fraud for leaving some of your wages off the bankruptcy documents, accumulating massive debt shortly before filing for bankruptcy, submitting bankruptcy petitions in more than one state, or trying to sell off property right before submitting the bankruptcy petition. In order for prosecutors to get a bankruptcy fraud charge to stick, they must prove that you deliberately engaged in fraudulent activities. Without the intent to defraud during some aspect of the bankruptcy process, there may not be sufficient legal grounds for filing or proving federal bankruptcy fraud charges. If you have been accused of committing bankruptcy fraud, it’s important to have an experienced lawyer by your side. Our attorneys in Fort Worth have extensive experiences handling white collar cases involving accusations of fraud. Learn more about our federal criminal defense practice. What are the Penalties for Making False Bankruptcy Claims? How much time a defendant will face if convicted of bankruptcy fraud depends on the federal statute(s) under... > If you or a loved one has been accused of super aggravated sexual assault of a child, it's imperative to contact an experienced defense attorney immediately. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/super-aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/ What Is Super Aggravated Sexual Assault Of A Child In Texas? Super aggravated sexual assault of a child is one of the most serious criminal offenses in Texas – and the state tries to punish it as such. The term “super” refers to the enhanced punishment that comes with a conviction. Super aggravated sexual assault of a child occurs when the victim is either under age six or if the offender has previously been convicted of a violent sexual assault of a victim under age 14. The “super” charge can also apply to cases of continuous child sexual abuse or if the offender has previous convictions for child abuse or aggravated sexual assault of a child. The enhanced penalty includes a minimum of 25 years in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and no chance for parole. The aim is to protect younger children and to discourage first-time offenders from repeating the crime. If you are facing super aggravated sexual assault charges in North Texas, your life and livelihood is on the line. You need an experienced criminal defense attorney who has experience fighting serious sex charges. The criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett has decades of combined experience handling cases of this magnitude. In this post, we’ll explain what differentiates super aggravated sexual assault of a child, what prosecutors must prove, and the punishment range if convicted. Why did Texas add enhanced punishment for aggravated sexual assault of a child? In 2007, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 8, which is known as the Jessica Lunsford Act, in tribute to a 9-year-old Florida girl who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a convicted sex offender. The enhanced “super” charge was codified in Texas’ existing aggravated sexual assault statute to create a new punishment scheme under §22. 021(f) in cases where the victim is under the age of six at the time of the offense or if the victim was younger than 14 and there was an additional aggravating factor as described in §22. 021(a)(2)(A). The aggravating factors include: Causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim; By words or acts, or words or acts in the presence of the child, places the victim in fear that any person will become the victim of sex trafficking or that death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping will be imminently inflicted on any person; Uses or exhibits a deadly weapon; Acts in concert with another; Or, with intent to facilitate the offense, administers any substance capable of impairing the victim’s ability to appraise the nature of the act or resist the act. The change made the range of punishment the same as continuous sexual abuse of a child: 25 years to life with no parole and no deferred adjudication. Without the “super” enhancement, the range of prison time is 5 to 99 years. What does super aggravated assault of a child mean in Texas? Sexual assault of a child in Texas occurs anytime an adult engages in sexual activity with... > Bribery is generally a second degree felony in Texas and carries up to 20 years in prison for each act of bribery. Call us for a free defense consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/bribery/ Fort Worth Bribery Lawyer Bribery in Texas Bribery in Texas occurs when, in return for making a particular decision in an official capacity, a public servant, party official or voter intentionally proposes, provides, requests, or receives something of value. In other words, it is a criminal offense to offer or accept any benefit, be it cash or otherwise, in exchange for violating a duty or discretion as a politician, judge, government official, or another official role. An accusation of bribery is a serious felony offense in Texas. If you’re under investigation or have been charged, it’s important to put the right defense team in place as quickly as possible. Bribery is punished harshly in the state of Texas. If convicted, you could face years behind bars and ordered to pay considerable fines. Additionally, the impact of a criminal record can affect everything from your ability to get a job to buying a home. With a dedicated Fort Worth bribery lawyer on your side, you’ll increase your chances of a favorable outcome. When is Bribing Illegal in Fort Worth? The charge of bribery is defined under Texas Penal Code Section 36. 02. The Texas bribery statute is straightforward regarding the types of defenses that may not be used to challenge a bribery charge. For example, arguing that the accused was not operating in their official capacity when he or she accepted the bribe because they had not yet been sworn into office would not be a valid defense. It is also not an acceptable defense that the bribe was procured after and not before the unlawfully-influenced decision or judgment was entered. What is the Punishment for Accepting a Bribe? Texas law categorizes bribery as a second-degree felony which is punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Our Fort Worth bribery attorneys will thoroughly investigate your case and construct an aggressive defense in an effort to protect your future and your freedom. Speak with a Fort Worth Bribery Attorney Today If you have questions about building a defense for your criminal case, your next call should be to a Fort Worth bribery lawyer. Having competent legal protection is imperative to improve your chances of achieving optimal results. For more information about hiring an attorney, call today to speak with a member of our legal team. We offer a free, confidential consultations. Give our lawyers a call today to discuss your charges and outline potential next steps. > What's the difference between manslaughter and murder? Find out in this article. Manslaughter vs. Murder. Varghese Summersett (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-09-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/manslaughter/ Manslaughter Texas | What is the Difference between Manslaughter and Murder? https://youtu. be/ZMbVLMEVAqg What is the difference between manslaughter and murder? The difference between manslaughter and murder comes down to the defendant's mental state at the time they caused the death of another person. Murder generally requires an "intentional" or "knowing" mental state for the offense committed. In other words, the defendant intentionally or knowingly caused the death of another person. The mental state requirement for manslaughter is "recklessly," meaning the defendant's reckless actions caused the death. The practical effect of this is when a person is charged with manslaughter, their punishment is capped at 20 years in prison, while a person facing a murder charge is facing up to life in prison. What is manslaughter in Texas? In the simplest terms, recklessly causing the death of a person is manslaughter in Texas. The potential punishment range for manslaughter is 2 to 20 years in prison, making it a second-degree felony. What is murder in Texas? Under the Texas Penal Code, there are three ways a person can commit the offense of murder. If he or she: intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person; intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits and clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; or commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of the felonious behavior, commits an act clearly dangerous to human life and causes a death. Murder is a first-degree felony, punishable by five years to up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. How do you know if someone will be charged with murder or manslaughter? The difference between murder and manslaughter comes down to what was in the person's mind when they caused the death of the other person. If it was intentional, the charge will be murder. If it was reckless, the charge will be manslaughter. Let's take a look at the possible mental states for these two offenses. I often use the following example to describe the difference between intentionally, knowingly, and recklessly. Let’s imagine you are in a hotel room several stories up from the street. Imagine the hotel is in a busy downtown area. Now imagine taking the television from the hotel room and setting it on the ledge of the open window. Intentional "Intentionally" means that is the actor's conscious objective to cause the result. So in this example, it would be an intentional act to look out the window, see the busy street, take aim at a person, and push the television so it falls directly on that person. Knowing A person acts knowingly when he is aware of the nature of his conduct. It would be a knowing act to look out the window, see a busy street, and push the television off the ledge. You do not intend to hit anyone, but you were aware that by dropping the tv, a person would be struck and... > Julie Lystad is an intake director in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/julie-lystad/ Julie Lystad Intake Director Julie Lystad is the Intake Director in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she is the first point of contact for prospective clients. Prior to serving as intake director, she spent 10 years as a family law paralegal, which positioned her perfectly for her current role overseeing every potential new case that comes in. Much of Julie’s day is spent speaking with potential clients who are going through a divorce, child custody dispute, or similar emotionally-charged family law matter. She listens to their story, explains the process, and helps them decide if Varghese Summersett is the right fit for them and their family. She understands that hiring an attorney for a family law matter is a very personal decision. Patient, compassionate, empathetic, and knowledgeable, Julie takes time to get to know potential clients and helps them navigate the process and move toward new beginnings. She is a member of the Fort Worth Paralegal Association and the Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association. Background Julie grew up in Fort Worth, where she and her husband, Ryan, currently reside with their children, Kale and Kora. She is also deeply devoted to her three cats, Reznor Lystad, Sassy Catlor Swift, and Willow. Fun Fact: As you might have guessed from that last bit, Julie is a huge Taylor Swift fan. > Aggravated kidnapping in Fort Worth is punishable by up to 99 years in prison. Call a defense lawyer at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/kidnapping/aggravated/ Aggravated Kidnapping in Fort Worth What is Aggravated Kidnapping? Aggravated kidnapping in Fort Worth is a first-degree felony that occurs when someone abducts a person against his or her will with the intent of committing certain acts, such as sexually or physically abusing the victim, holding the victim for ransom, or terrorizing the victim. As a first-degree felony, aggravated kidnapping is punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in a Texas prison along with a fine of up to $10,000. What Constitutes Kidnapping in Texas? Kidnapping is intentionally or knowingly abducting another by restraining them without consent by moving them from one place to another or confining them with the intent to prevent their liberation. The offense rises to "aggravated kidnapping" if it is accompanied by some aggravating factor. What Makes a Kidnapping Aggravated? According to Texas Penal Code 20. 04, a kidnapping becomes aggravated if the accused: held the person for ransom or reward used the person as a shield or hostage the kidnapping was to facilitate a felony or flight after the commission or attempted commission of the felony was abused sexually or inflicted with bodily injury terrorized the kidnapped person or another person interfered with the performance of any governmental or political function. used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the kidnapping. What Does it Mean to "Restrain" a Person? Penal Code Section 20. 01(1) defines the word "restrain" as restriction of a person's movements without consent, so as to interfere substantially with the person's liberty, by moving the person from one place to another or by confining the person. This definition is a little counterintuitive because it seems to cover a lot more than just restraint. For example, if a defendant places a woman in the trunk of his car without her consent, and then either keeps her there, or drives off with her, the defendant has restrained her according to the penal code definition. Restraint without consent is accomplished by force, intimidation, or deception. Restraint without consent is also accomplished by any means, including acquiescence or agreement of the victim if it is a child, 14 or younger, or an incompetent person and the parent or guardian has not agreed to the movement or confinement. Restraint without consent is also accomplished by any means including acquiescence. Notice that you don't have to physically move someone from one place to another in order to abduct them. You merely need to hold them in a place where they're not likely to be found. What Does it Mean to "Abduct" a Person? Penal Code 20. 01(2) defines "abduct" as restraining a person with intent to prevent his liberation by: (A) secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found; or (B) using or threatening to use deadly force. How Much Time Can You Get for Aggravated Kidnapping? Aggravated kidnapping is a first-degree felony punishable by up to life in prison. According to data compiled by the Texas Tribune, most individuals convicted... > In Texas, you can be arrested for interfering with the work of a police officer or even a police dog. Learn about Interference with Public Duties. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/police-interference/ Interference With Police Charges In Fort Worth In Texas, it is illegal to interfere with the work of law enforcement, first responders, and even police dogs while they are performing official duties. This offense is called "interference with public duties" and is commonly used to arrest individuals who insert themselves into police activities or video law enforcement. Locally, "cop watchers" have gotten in trouble - and have even been convicted - when their act of recording the police rose to the level of interfering. But how do you know when you've crossed the line - or when an officer is out of line? Here’s a look at the law on interference with police and other public duties and possible defenses. What is Interference with Public Duties? Under Texas Penal Code 38. 15, a person commits the offense of Interference with Public Duties if the person, with criminal negligence, interrupts, disrupts, impedes or otherwise interferes with: A peace officer while the officer is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted by law; A person who is employed to provide emergency medical services including the transportation of ill or injured people while the person is performing that duty; A firefighter while he or she is fighting a fire or investigating the cause of a fire; An animal under the supervision of a peace officer, corrections officer, or jailer, if the person knows the animal is being used for law enforcement, corrections, prison or jail security, or investigative purposes; The transmission of a communication over a citizen’s band radio channel if the purpose is to inform or inquire about an emergency; An officer with the responsibility for animal control in a county or municipality, while he or she is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted under Chapter 821 or 822 of the Health and Safety Code; or A person who has responsibility for assessing, enacting, or enforcing public health, environmental, radiation or safety measures for the state, a county or municipality; is investigating a particular site as part of their responsibilities; is acting in accordance with policies and procedures related to the safety and security of the site; and is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted under the Agriculture Code, Health and Safety Code, Occupations Code or Water Code. Are There Any Defenses to Interference with Public Duties? Yes. There are two defenses to interference with public duties, which are outlined in the Texas Penal Code. Specifically, it is not against the law to: warn a motorist about the presence of a police officer that is enforcing Title 7 of the Transportation Code. Simply put, it’s not illegal to warn a motorist about a speed trap ahead by flashing your lights or other means. interrupt, disrupt, impede or interfere using speech only. For example, arguing with an officer over the validity of a search warrant is not unlawful. Speech is generally protected. Why Do People Get Arrested for Recording the Police? Citizens have a Constitutional... > If you were arrested or are facing charges felony charges, retain an experienced Fort Worth felony lawyer from Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/ Fort Worth Felony Lawyer A felony in Texas is any charge that can send you to prison or state jail for more than a year. Felonies are more serious than misdemeanors, which are punishable by a fine or some time in a local jail. Felony cases must be presented to a grand jury, which is a group of citizens who determine whether there is enough evidence, or probable cause, for the case to move forward. To learn more about this process and how felony cases get to court, contact a Fort Worth felony lawyer at our firm or listen to the audio below. What are the Felony Punishment Ranges in Texas? In Texas, punishment for felonies can vary widely - ranging from two years in a state jail facility to up life in prison or even the death penalty. The lowest-level felony is a state jail felony, which is punishable by up to two years in a state jail facility. The highest level felony - other than a capital murder which can be punished by the death penalty - is a first-degree felony. First-degree felonies are punishable by five years to 99 years or life in prison. What is a State Jail Felony? A state jail felony is an offense that is punishable by a minimum of 180 days to a maximum of two years in the state jail system. It is also punishable by up to a $10,000 fine. The state jail system was created due to overcrowding in the Texas prison system. It is meant to be an intermediate facility for individuals charged with felonies. Despite this, the state jail system is the only felony incarceration in Texas where parole does not apply. In other words, a person who is sent to state jail is going to serve their sentence day-for-day except diligent participation credit which may shave some time off of the state jail felony sentence. A knowledgeable Fort Worth felony lawyer could further explain state jail felonies to anyone facing charges. 12. 44 and State Jail Felonies One of the most common questions our criminal defense attorneys get is whether an individual charged with a state jail felony may be punished pursuant to 12. 44. No one has a right to a “12. 44” - which refers to Penal Code Section 12. 44 - but there are occasions when an individual is allowed to serve misdemeanor time and receive a state jail felony conviction. Basically, a 12. 44 reduces state jail felony punishment to misdemeanor punishment. Unlike time served in county jails or the Texas Department of Corrections, a state jail sentence must be served day for day. An inmate cannot earn good time credit to be released early. A person convicted of a state jail felony who has two prior state jail felonies will be punished under a third-degree felony range of 2 to 10 years in prison. State Jail Felony Repeat Offender (State Jail with two Non-State Jail Sequential Priors) A person convicted of... > Federal human trafficking charges can carry up to a life sentence. Consult with Varghese Summersett to fight these charges. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/human-trafficking/ Fort Worth Federal Human Trafficking Lawyer A generation ago, the term “trafficking” was typically associated with drug crimes. Today, it is often used to describe forced labor or sex acts victimizing immigrants, runaways or vulnerable teens. This page discusses federal human trafficking charges. Perhaps one of the biggest cases of the century alleging human or sex trafficking involved Jeffrey Epstein, the wealthy financier who was arrested in July 2019 on sex trafficking and conspiracy charges. He was accused of paying girls as young as 14 for sex and using them to recruit other girls from 1994 to 2004. Epstein committed suicide in federal custody, but his longtime associate and confidant, Ghislaine Maxwell, awaits trial in connection with the crimes for allegedly helping recruit and groom his victims. The Epstein case is an extreme example. Most human trafficking cases don't involve multi-millionaires. What they do usually have in common, however, are the victims. Immigrants, runaways and troubled teens from low-income families are particularly vulnerable. In Texas, cities closer to the border such as San Antonio are the site of many trafficking prosecutions, however, trafficking cases arise everywhere. Recent Examples of Human Trafficking Cases In fact, in the last several years, North Texas courts have been the venue for multiple sex trafficking cases. Man Charged with Trafficking 14-Year-Old Out of Dallas Two Federal Sentences out of Fort Worth for Child Sex Trafficking Conspiracy Fort Worth Man Faces Potential Life Sentence for Child Sex Trafficking Dallas Man Pleads Guilty in Child Sex Trafficking Case Fort Worth Woman Pleads Guilty in Child Sex Trafficking Case Federal Human Trafficking Charges Under federal law, trafficking offenses are taken very seriously and can carry stiff penalties. In fact, multiple federal and state agencies are involved in the investigation and prosecution of such offenses including U. S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s (ICE), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), DARPA, the Texas Department of Public Safety, the Fort Worth Police Department, and the United States Attorney’s Office, to name a few. Further, the Department of Justice launched Project Safe Childhood (PSC)10 years ago to combat technology facilitated sex crimes against children. Since 2011, the DOJ has filed 20,260 PSC cases. Human Trafficking Defined The federal definition for trafficking can be found in various statutes. 18 USC 1589 prohibits forced labor Under this statute, federal law defines the receipt of forced labor and the providing of forced labor. Force, threats of force, abuse, serious harm, threats of abuse of law or legal process (threats to have a person deported), are the means by which a victim is recognized in federal courts to have been subject to forced labor. The penalty for providing or benefitting from forced labor is up to 20 years imprisonment. If a person dies in course of such activity, or subject to a kidnapping, or aggravated sexual abuse, the penalty could be any term of imprisonment up to life. 18 USC 1590 prohibits trafficking in terms of forced labor or peonage (slavery) Here, trafficking includes recruiting, harboring, transporting, or... > Accusations of blackmail or coercion are serious felonies. A Fort Worth extortion defense lawyer from Varghese Summersett can help. Call us today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-extortion-lawyer/ Fort Worth Extortion Lawyer Extortion is what most people would think of as blackmail or coercion. Extortion is commonly prosecuted at the federal level, but can also be pursued by local prosecutors in the State of Texas. While extortion and robbery can both involve taking something of value by threat, a robbery involves an imminent threat where extortion involves the threat of some future harm. Extortion in Texas is a felony offense. If you are accused of obtaining money or something of value through threats of violence, destruction of property or other acts of coercion, you will need aggressive legal assistance from a Fort Worth extortion lawyer. This is not a situation you should try to handle on your own. Any statement you make in the absence of qualified lawyer could jeopardize the outcome of your case. Our criminal defense attorneys will review the charges you are facing and evaluate the prosecution’s case against you to determine the best strategy for defense. Possible Defenses to Extortion Charges Extortion charges in Fort Worth are defending by challenging the State’s evidence and putting the state to the test exposing any weakness in the State’s case and their ability to prove the case against you beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden of proof applies to each element of the offense, including coercion. The prosecution can also be countered with a showing of insufficient evidence, being falsely accused, as well as a lack of threat, fear or force. Penalties for Using Coercion for Personal Gain Texas’s theft law is an overarching statute that encompasses a wide range of potential offenses, including extortion (see Texas Penal Code Sections 31. 02 and 31. 03). Extortion occurs when someone uses coercion, threatens to injure someone’s reputation, physical person, or property, or threatens to perpetrate illegal deeds against the government to acquire payment or property. Extortion can be either face-to-face or through other modes of correspondence, including over the internet. The punishment for an extortion conviction depends on the value of the money or property involved. The greater the value of the goods extorted, the harsher the penalty. An extortion charge can be classified as either a misdemeanor or a felony. The mildest extortion charge is categorized as a Class C misdemeanor when the value of the goods involved is below $100. Class C misdemeanors are punishable by a maximum $500 fine. If the value of the goods extorted is between $2,500 and below $30,000, the offense is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. If the value of the goods meets or exceeds $300,000, the crime is classified as a first-degree felony, punishable by up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. There are certain circumstances in which the value of the extorted items may not be the sole determining factor of the category of crime. Texas’s theft statute states that if the accused was a “public servant” when they committed... > Was your child arrested for shoplifting? You need a tough juvenile shoplifting defense lawyer. Contact Board Certified juvenile attorney Lisa Herrick. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-shoplifting-defense/ Fort Worth Juvenile Shoplifting Defense What is Juvenile Shoplifting in Texas? Shoplifting is covered under theft in the Texas Penal Code Section 31. 03. The term shoplifting usually describes the theft of merchandise from a retail store. It’s generally viewed as a minor offense, but depending on the value of the stolen property, the offense could bring serious charges. Was your child arrested for shoplifting? Don’t delay consulting with a Fort Worth juvenile shoplifting defense lawyer. Varghese Summersett’s Board Certified juvenile defense attorney Lisa Herrick is here to help. In this post, we’ll explain what is considered shoplifting in Texas, how the juvenile court works, and the penalties for juvenile shoplifting. Who is considered a juvenile in Texas? Texas considers anyone aged 10-16 to be a juvenile. Generally, if a child in this age range is charged with shoplifting, they’ll be tried in the Texas Juvenile Justice System. Usually, a child won’t be detained ahead of a trial for theft charges. A probation officer will typically conduct an intake process to determine whether there is probable cause to charge the juvenile with the crime. Detention usually isn’t the option, especially in shoplifting cases, unless one of several factors applies: The juvenile has a prior conviction. The juvenile doesn’t have a parent or guardian or receive adequate supervision and care from a parent or guardian. The juvenile is a flight risk, meaning they are likely to leave or be taken from the jurisdiction. The juvenile is a danger to themselves or others. An adept Fort Worth juvenile shoplifting defense lawyer will contact the court What are the penalties for juvenile shoplifting in Tarrant County? The Texas juvenile justice system attempts to rehabilitate minors, not punish them. If a juvenile is adjudicated for a shoplifting theft, the Tarrant County juvenile court has multiple ways to handle the case. The circumstances and factors surrounding each case play an important role in determining how the court proceeds. A skilled Fort Worth juvenile shoplifting defense lawyer will have a good understanding of how the court will treat a case. Here are the common ways the TJJS will handle a shoplifting case. Released to parents: If a child is arrested for a first offense, such as shoplifting, the court sometimes decides to release them to their parents with a stern warning. Fines or restitution: A juvenile court could require the juvenile to pay a fine or reimburse the owner for the cost of the stolen property. Counseling: A juvenile judge could order counseling or therapy, depending on the child’s psychological needs. Probation: The court could order probation and require the child to meet regularly with a probation officer. Detention: For repeat offenders or serious cases, the court can commit a juvenile to a detention center or home. If a judge determines a child’s home life is dangerous or contributes to their delinquency, foster care could be required. Transfer to adult system: In some serious felony cases, the juvenile court could decide to transfer the case to... > There are 20 state jail facilities in Texas, which were designed to ease prison overcrowding. Here is the address and phone numbers for each facility. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-state-facilities/ Texas State Jail Facilities | Texas Criminal Defense Attorneys Texas State Jail Facilities State Jail Facilities were designed to ease the growing prison populations. There are 20 State Jail facilities in Texas today, including the private facilities. Locations and Phone Numbers Facility Population Address Phone Numer Type County Allred Male 2101 FM 369 North, Iowa Park, TX 76367 (940) 855-7477 (**069) Prison Wichita Bartlett Male 1018 Arnold Drive, Bartlett, TX 76511 (254) 527-3300 Private State Jail Williamson Bradshaw Male 3900 West Loop 571 North, Rusk County, TX (903) 655-0880 Private State Jail Rusk Cole Male 3801 Silo Road, Bonham, TX 75418 (903) 583-1100 (**102) State Jail Fannin Dominguez Male 6535 Cagnon Road, San Antonio, TX 78252 (210) 675-6620 (**098) State Jail Bexar Formby Male 998 County Road AA, Plainview, TX 79072 (806) 296-2448 (**106) State Jail Hale Gist Male FM 3514 off Hwy 69, Beaumont TX (409) 727-8400 (**097) State Jail Jefferson Henley Female 7581 Hwy 321, Dayton, TX 77535 (936) 258-2476 (**083) State Jail Liberty Hutchins Male 1500 East Langdon Road, Dallas, TX 75241 (972) 225-1304 (**099) State Jail Dallas Kegans Male 707 Top Street, Houston, TX 77002 (713) 224-6584 (**117) State Jail Harris Lindsey Male 1620 FM 3344, Jacksboro, TX 76458 (940) 567-2272 Private State Jail Jack Lopez Male 1203 El Cibolo Road, Edinburg, TX 78542 (956) 316-3810 (**103) State Jail Hidalgo Lychner Male 2350 Atascocita Road, Humble, TX 77396 (281) 454-5036 (**100) State Jail Harris Ney Male 114 Private Road 4303, Hondo, TX 78861 114 Private Road 4303, Hondo, TX 78861 State Jail Medina Plane / Santa Maria Baby Bonding Female 904 FM 686, Dayton, TX 77535 (936) 258-2476 (**101) State Jail Liberty Sanchez Male 3901 State Jail Road, El Paso, TX 79938 (915) 856-0046 (**108) State Jail El Paso Travis County Male 8101 FM 969, Austin, TX 78724 (512) 926-4482 (**118) State Jail Travis Wheeler Male 986 County Road AA, Plainview, TX 79072 (806) 293-1081 (**087) State Jail Hale Willacy County Male 1695 South Buffalo Drive, Raymondville, TX 78580 (956) 689-4900 Private State Jail Willacy Woodman Female 1210 Coryell City Road, Gatesville, TX 76528 (254) 865-9398 (**107) State Jail Coryell Locate an Inmate in Texas State Jail You can locate an inmate by checking the Texas Department of Criminal Justice Inmate Locator > Can you get arrested for unpaid tolls in Texas? Not directly, but that doesn't mean not at all. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/arrested-for-unpaid-tolls/ Can You Get Arrested For Unpaid Tolls? As you travel the highways of Texas, you’re likely to encounter toll roads. In fact, Texas has hundreds of miles of toll roads. All those toll roads make many wonder what if they could get arrested for unpaid tolls in Texas. Quick Answer: Can You Be Arrested for Unpaid Tolls in Texas? You generally cannot be arrested for unpaid tolls in Texas, even if you are a habitual offender who has been banned from the tollway and continues to drive on toll roads. However, you can be arrested for failure to appear on a toll evasion citation if you 1) received notice of nonpayment in the mail, 2) fail to make payment, 3) receive a citation for Toll Evasion, and 4) then fail to appear for the citation in court or resolve the citation. Toll Roads in Texas Some of the most significant toll roads in Texas are: Addison Airport Toll Tunnel (AATT): The Addison Airport Toll Tunnel, with a length of 1. 4 miles, is a toll tunnel in Addison, Texas, north of Dallas. Alliance Gateway Freeway (FM 1709): The Alliance Gateway Freeway is a highway in the U. S. state of Texas, maintaining a stretch from Interstate 35W to U. S. Highway 377. Camino Colombia Toll Road (SH 255): The Camino Colombia Toll Road, also known as Texas State Highway 255 (SH 255), is a toll road in Laredo, Texas, Webb County. Central Texas Turnpike System (CTTS): The Central Texas Turnpike System (CTTS) is a complex of toll roads in the Austin, Texas area. Chisholm Trail Parkway (CTP): The Chisholm Trail Parkway is a 27. 6-mile toll road in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Dallas North Tollway (DNT): The Dallas North Tollway is a 30. 2-mile controlled-access toll road operated by the North Texas Tollway Authority (NTTA), which runs from Interstate 35E near downtown Dallas, Texas, to U. S. Highway 380, in Frisco, Texas. Fort Bend Parkway: The Fort Bend Parkway is a toll road in the U. S. state of Texas, maintained by the Fort Bend County Toll Road Authority. Grand Parkway (SH 99): The Grand Parkway, designated as State Highway 99 (SH 99), is a highway in Texas, United States that opened its first section in 1994. Hardy Toll Road (HTR): The Hardy Toll Road runs from Interstate 610, near central Houston, to Interstate 45, north of Houston, just short of the Harris-Montgomery county line. Lewisville Lake Toll Bridge (LLTB): The Lewisville Lake Toll Bridge is a toll bridge crossing Lewisville Lake in the U. S. state of Texas, located entirely within Denton County. Loop 49 Tollway: Loop 49, also known as Toll 49, is a toll road that, along with I-20, encircles the city of Tyler, Texas. Mountain Creek Lake Bridge (MCLB): The Mountain Creek Lake bridge is a tolled causeway located in Dallas, Texas. President George Bush Turnpike (PGBT): The President George Bush Turnpike is a 52-mile toll road running through the northern, northeastern and western suburbs, forming... > 3G offenses in Texas carry special punishment and include murder, sexual assault, aggravated kidnapping, trafficking, and kid cases. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/3g-offenses/ 3G Offenses in Texas What is a 3G Offense in Texas? A 3G offense is a special category of felony offenses in Texas that requires a person serve at least half of their prison sentence before becoming eligible for parole. Additionally, a judge may not give a defendant straight probation for a 3G offense without the recommendation of a jury after a trial. List of 3G Offenses in Texas 3G offenses are considered to be the most serious or violent, which is why they are punished more harshly. 3G offenses were formerly listed in Texas Code of Criminal Procedure in Article 42. 12 Section 3g (which is why they are called "3G"), but they are now codified under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 42A. 054 and include: Murder Capital murder Indecency with a child Aggravated kidnapping Aggravated sexual assault Aggravated robbery Drug cases where a child is used in the commission of the offense, or the offense took place within 1,000 feet of a school or on a school bus. Sexual assault Injury to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual, if the offense is punishable as a felony of the first degree Sexual performance by a child Possession/promotion of child pornography Criminal solicitation cases that are punishable as a felony of the first degree Compelling prostitution Trafficking of persons Burglary of a Habitation Manufacture or Delivery of a PG1-B (primarily fentanyl) Substance if the offense is punishable as a first degree felony. A controlled substance offense that is enhanced for Use of a Child in the Commission of the Offense. Any felony where a deadly weapon is used or exhibited during the commission or flight from a crime. An offense where the defendant was a party to the offense and knew that a deadly weapon would be used or exhibited. Deadly Weapons Prosecutors can add a "deadly weapon" enhancement to any felony offense, making it a 3G offense in Texas. If the deadly weapon is found to be true or pled true, then the 3G restrictions outlined above apply. A deadly weapon is anything that is used or exhibited during the commission of an offense or during the flight from an offense that in its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. A common misconception is that if a death occurred, then the deadly weapon allegation must be true. That is not true, and we have had juries return verdicts where a death occurred without finding the deadly weapon allegation to be true. Is an Attempted Offense a 3G Offense? A conviction for an attempted offense is not a conviction for purposes of determining if the person is eligible for community supervision. Parfait v. State, 120 S. W. ed 348 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003)(attempted sexual assault is not a 3g offense in Texas. ) Limitations for Probation Eligibility The Code of Criminal Procedure lists a number of crimes where a judge cannot give probation. An individual charged with 3G offense in Texas generally... > A reference guide to the Northern District of Texas: current federal judges, the seven court divisions, U.S. Attorney, and courthouse locations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/northern-district-of-texas/ Northern District of Texas (NDTX): Court, Judges, and Divisions If you are facing federal charges in North Texas, it helps to understand the court you are in. The federal system is very different from prosecution at the state level, and the Northern District of Texas has its own judges, divisions, and local practices. This page is a reference guide to the court itself. The Northern District of Texas covers 100 of Texas's 254 counties and more than 96,000 square miles, making it the largest land-area district in the country aside from those that span an entire state. It includes Dallas, Fort Worth, Amarillo, Lubbock, Abilene, San Angelo, and Wichita Falls. The chief judge is Reed O'Connor, and the clerk of court is Karen Mitchell. Appeals from this court go to the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. If you are charged with a federal crime here, see our Texas federal criminal defense lawyer page for how these cases work, or speak directly with our former federal prosecutors. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free, confidential consultation. We answer 24/7. Northern District of Texas Judges Below is the current bench for the Northern District of Texas. Judges and assignments change over time; the court maintains the authoritative roster on its official judges page. District Judges Reed O'Connor (Chief District Judge) Sam A. Lindsay Ed Kinkeade Karen Gren Scholer Matthew J. Kacsmaryk Mark T. Pittman James Wesley Hendrix Brantley Starr Ada Brown Senior District Judges A. Joe Fish Sidney A. Fitzwater Sam R. Cummings Terry R. Means David C. Godbey Jane J. Boyle For magistrate judge assignments by division, see the court's judge hearing schedules. U. S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas The United States Attorney's Office prosecutes all federal criminal cases in the district. Ryan R. Raybould was confirmed as the U. S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas in 2025. The office oversees roughly 220 attorneys and staff across the district's division offices and handles every federal criminal prosecution and civil matter involving the United States government in the region. Court Divisions and Locations The Northern District is organized into seven divisions. Each division's current address, phone number, and assigned judges are maintained on the court's official location pages, linked below. Dallas Division United States District Court 1100 Commerce Street, Room 1452 Dallas, TX 75242 Telephone: 214-753-2200 Dallas Division details Fort Worth Division United States District Court 501 West 10th Street, Room 310 Fort Worth, TX 76102-3673 Telephone: 817-850-6600 Fort Worth Division details Abilene Division United States District Court 341 Pine Street, Room 2008 Abilene, TX 79601 Telephone: 325-677-6311 Abilene Division details Amarillo Division United States District Court 205 S. E. 5th Avenue, Room 133 Amarillo, TX 79101-1559 Telephone: 806-468-3800 Amarillo Division details Lubbock Division United States District Court 1205 Texas Avenue, Room 209 Lubbock, TX 79401-4091 Telephone: 806-472-1900 Lubbock Division details San Angelo Division United States District Court 33 E. Twohig Avenue, Room 202 San Angelo, TX 76903-6451 San Angelo Division details Wichita Falls... > It is important to understand difference between an arrest warrant and bench warrant in Fort Worth, and the process for how they are initiated. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-05-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/warrants-in-fort-worth/ Arrest Warrants and Bench Warrants in Fort Worth Arrest Warrant vs. Bench Warrant In Texas, there are two primary types of warrants: an arrest warrant and a bench warrant. While each are issued under different circumstances, both mean one thing: You are WANTED. Here’s a look at the difference between an arrest warrant and bench warrant in Fort Worth – and what you should do if one has been issued for you. To learn more, reach out to our dedicated legal team for help. What is an Arrest Warrant? An arrest warrant is issued by a judge or magistrate authorizing the arrest of an individual suspected of a crime. Generally, it is initiated by a law enforcement officer who files a sworn statement, or affidavit, explaining in detail why he or she believes an individual has violated the law. If the judge finds that probable cause exists that a crime has been committed, he or she will issue a written directive — called a warrant of arrest — for police to find and take that individual into custody. While most arrest warrants are started by police investigating a crime, others stem from a grand jury indictment. If a grand jury returns an indictment against an individual who has not already been arrested, a judge or magistrate will sign an arrest warrant for the person named in the indictment. In these instances, the judge does not to decide whether probable cause exists because the grand jury has already made that determination. According to Article 15. 02 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, when a magistrate or judge issues an arrest warrant they must: Specify the name of the person whose arrested has been ordered or, if unknown, give a description of the individual. Name the offense the individual is accused of committing Sign the warrant What is a Bench Warrant? A bench warrant is a written order by a judge instructing law enforcement to find an individual and bring them before the court. It’s called a bench warrant because it is issued by a judge sitting “on the bench. ” Bench warrants are commonly used when a defendant needs to be transferred from jail or prison to a specific court for proceedings. This is sometimes referred to as being “benched back. ” Bench warrants are also issued when a defendant fails to abide by the judge’s rules or court orders, such failing to appear in court or disobeying a properly issued subpoena. Under these scenarios, a judge can issue what is called a “writ of attachment,” which commands a peace officer to bring an offender or witness to court to respond to allegations of contempt or to testify. What Happens When a Warrant is Issued? Once the warrant is issued, it is an official court order that gets entered into a warrant database. That means it will be available to every law enforcement officer in the state and they are legally allowed to arrest you anytime, anywhere, including at home... > DWI Child Passenger is a felony driving while intoxicated charge in Texas alleging a passenger under 15 was in the car. Check out these defenses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dwi-child-passenger/ DWI Child Passenger Texas | Penal Code 49. 045 DWI Child Passenger is a state jail felony that alleges a person was driving a vehicle while intoxicated with a passenger under the age of 15. In Texas, driving while intoxicated (DWI) with a child passenger is a separate offense from a standard DWI. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045, a person commits this offense if they operate a motor vehicle while intoxicated and have a passenger who is younger than 15 years old. Notice that there is no requirement to show that the child was actually endangered. If you are arrested for DWI and there is a child passenger in the vehicle, it is a felony — even if it is your first offense. Not only that, a conviction for this offense can negatively impact your life in a number of other ways, including financially, professionally, emotionally, and socially. We aggressively defend these cases in Fort Worth and throughout north Texas. What is the Punishment for DWI Child Passenger in Texas? DWI with a child passenger in Texas is a state jail felony, which is punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. The punishment can be enhanced further if the driver has prior felony or DWI conviction, if their Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is greater than . 15, or if anyone is injured or if property is damaged in an accident. Defending Against a DWI with Child Passenger Charge At Varghese Summersett, we use various defense strategies to help our clients fight DWI with child passenger charges, such as: Challenging the Stop We can argue that the initial traffic stop was not justified, meaning the officer did not have reasonable suspicion to pull the driver over. If successful, the evidence obtained during the stop, including the driver's intoxication level, could be inadmissible in court. Questioning the Intoxication Evidence We may challenge the accuracy and reliability of breath, blood, or field sobriety test results, raising doubt about the driver's actual intoxication level at the time of the arrest. Proving Lack of Child Passenger If we can demonstrate that the alleged child passenger was not under 15 years old or was not present in the vehicle during the incident, the charge could be reduced to a standard DWI. How is Intoxication Defined? In Texas, intoxication for a DWI (Driving While Intoxicated) offense, including cases involving child passengers, is defined as: Having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08% or higher, or Not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or more of those substances, or any other substance into the body. Will CPS Get Involved If I've Been Arrested for DWI-Child Passenger? Not only are there harsh sentences for driving intoxicated with a child, but there are other serious legal repercussions. Typically, if a parent is arrested for driving... > Kate Daniel is a paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, assisting attorneys with divorce, custody, and other family law matters. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/kate-daniel/ Kate Daniel Paralegal Kate Daniel is a paralegal in Varghese Summersett's Family Division, where she works alongside Partner Dena Wilson and Associate McKenzie Coe. Together, they provide comprehensive legal support and guidance to clients navigating a divorce, child custody dispute, or other emotionally charged family law matters. In addition to drafting legal documents, researching case law, managing calendars, and preparing cases for court, Kate is a compassionate resource for our clients. She understands family law cases can be highly stressful, and she strives to make this process as smooth as possible by providing clear and consistent client communication. Kate possesses exceptional interpersonal, organizational, and problem-solving skills, which serve our attorneys and clients well. She is an invaluable member of our team and is instrumental in ensuring that our clients receive the highest quality legal representation. Background Kate was born in Arlington, raised in Mansfield, and now lives in Fort Worth with her husband. She has two fabulous bonus children and four sometimes fabulous dogs – Gator, Remington, Sig and Zip. Fun Fact: Kate owns two small businesses: Fort Worth iPhone Repair; and co-owns Fort Worth Hat Co. with her husband. > If your child has never before been in trouble with the law, they may be eligible for a juvenile first offender program. Call 817-203-2220 to speak with an experienced juvenile lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-first-offender-program/ What Is The Juvenile First Offender Program In Texas? Juvenile First Offender Program in Texas Texas Family Code Sec. 52. 031 allows juvenile boards across the state to establish first offender programs for the referral and disposition of children aged 10 to 16 taken into custody or accused before the filing of a criminal charge of: Conduct indicating a need for supervision; A Class C misdemeanor, other than a traffic offense; or Delinquent conduct other than conduct that constitutes a first, second, or third-degree felony, an aggravated controlled substance felony, a capital felony, a state jail felony or misdemeanor involving violence to a person, or the use of or possession of a firearm, location-restricted knife, club, or a prohibited weapon, as described in the Texas Penal Code. Texas’ juvenile first-offender program was designed to give children who have never before been in trouble with the law a second chance. The program’s purpose is to divert juveniles from the justice system and reduce recidivism. The adopted guidelines aren’t considered mandatory, but if accepted, the program offers youths the opportunity to keep their records clean. The first-offender program gives minors a chance to start over after committing an offense without the presence of a juvenile record. In this post, we’ll explain the first offender program, how it works, who qualifies, and what it looks like in Tarrant County. If your child has been referred to the juvenile justice system, an experienced juvenile attorney is invaluable. Varghese Summersett’s juvenile attorney Lisa Herrick is here to help protect their future. Is the first offender program only for first-time offenders? Yes. First-offender programs in Texas are just for juveniles who have been taken into custody for the first time. How is a child referred to Tarrant County’s juvenile first offender program? An officer must file a written referral to the relevant juvenile agency to refer a juvenile to a first-offender program. The officer must identify the child and specify the grounds for taking the child into custody. Any child referred to the juvenile first offender program can’t be detained by law enforcement custody, per Texas Family Code §52. 031(e). The parent, guardian, or another custodian must be notified that the child has been referred to the juvenile first offender program. Participation in a juvenile first offender program is voluntary and must be agreed to by the child and parent or guardian. According to Texas Family Code, the officer must include in his notice of referral to the juvenile first offender program the following: State the grounds for taking the child into custody for conduct described by 52. 031 (a) or for accusing the child of an offense described by Subsection (a-1); Identify the law enforcement officer or agency to which the child was referred; Briefly describe the nature of the program; and State that the child’s failure to complete the program will result in the child being referred to the juvenile court for the conduct or a complaint filed with a criminal court for the... > Accused of theft of government property? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced federal defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/theft-of-government-property/ Theft Of Government Property Explained During the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U. S. Capitol, a number of people allegedly helped themselves to Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi’s office. A Pennsylvania woman was arrested for stealing Pelosi’s laptop. A Florida man was accused of taking her lectern. A New Jersey man admitted taking two microphones from the lectern. They were among at least 35 people who were charged with theft of government property stemming from that day. Theft of government property is a serious federal offense that can carry steep fines and hefty prison time. In this article, the federal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett will explain the crime of theft of government property, as well as potential consequences and examples of this offense. If you or a loved one has been accused of stealing from the government, it’s imperative to contact an experienced federal criminal defense attorney who is skilled at handling these types of cases. We have vast experience defending federal theft cases in Fort Worth, Dallas and throughout the northern and eastern districts of Texas. What constitutes federal theft of government property? Under Title 18 Section 641 of the U. S. Code, a person commits theft of government property if he or she: “embezzles, steals, purloins, or knowingly converts to their use or the use of another, or without authority, sells, conveys or disposes of any record, voucher, money or something of value of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, or any property made under contract for the United States or any department or agency thereof; or “receives, conceals or retains the same with intent to convert it to his use or gain, knowing it to have been embezzled, stolen, purloined or converted. ” As you can see, this definition is very broad and encompasses a wide range of activities. Essentially, if you are accused of taking anything from the government without proper authorization, you could be charged with this crime. This includes documents, as well as tangible property. It is also not necessary for the government to prove that you knew the property belonged to the government; that you intended to deprive the government of its use; or that you physically picked it up and carried it away. What qualifies as government property? Anything that is owned, leased or under the control of the federal government could be considered government property. This includes, but is not limited to: Land Buildings Equipment Furniture Office Supplies Money Records Information Trees Signs What is the punishment for theft of government property? Theft of government property is a serious offense that can lead to significant consequences, including prison time and steep fines. Defendants who are convicted of taking government property face up to 10 years in prison and a fine. However, if the value of the property is less than $1,000, the maximum punishment is one year plus a fine. You could also be ordered to pay restitution and disciplinary proceedings could be brought... - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/identity-theft/ Fort Worth Identity Theft Lawyer Identity theft is a serious crime in Texas that can carry severe consequences. Facing a charge of identity theft can be a stressful and frightening time, both for you and your family. If you were accused of stealing someone else’s identity, it’s imperative to speak with a Fort Worth identity theft lawyer. With years of experience defending identity theft cases, our team can increase your chances of a favorable outcome. Whether it’s pretrial negotiations or taking your case to trial, we will fight for you every step of the way. What are the Penalties for Stealing Someone’s Identity? Texas defines identity theft as obtaining, using, possessing, or transferring any personal information of another without consent with the intent to harm or defraud. See Texas Penal Code Ann. §32. 51(b)(1). Although this sounds straightforward, both the offense and possible punishment case can be nuanced. The severity of the felony and the consequences are determined by the number of identifying items in possession. Identifying items include things like a person’s name, date of birth, bank account information, social security number, or credit card information. In other words, an aggressive prosecutor can allege one credit card as two offenses, the first being the name and the second being the credit card number. If a defendant is in possession of one to four identifying items, they are facing a state jail felony punishable by up to two years in state jail facility. If a defendant is in possession of five to nine items, they are facing a third-degree felony punishable by up to ten years in prison. If a defendant is in possession of ten to 49 items, they are facing a second-degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison. If a defendant has 50 or more identifying items, they are facing a first-degree felony and up to 99 years in prison. Further, the punishment may be increased if the victim is over 65 years old, or if the fake identity was used to avoid registering as a sex offender. Our experienced attorneys in Fort Worth will walk you through your identity theft accusations and explain the potential consequences. Defenses Against Identity Theft Allegations In any criminal case, prosecutors must prove beyond a reasonable doubt all elements of the crime. Defenses that negate any aspect of the offense prevent the prosecution from meeting this burden. For identity theft, showing there was no intent to harm or defraud, that you had permission to use the information, or that you were not actually in possession of the identifying information are all viable defenses. While some cases are fought in trial, others are negotiated using a two-fold process. First our attoneys identify and leverage any weaknesses in the case. Second, we work mitigating any merits of the case. Whether fighting an identity theft charge or pleading guilty, you will want to discuss all of your options with an experienced Forth Worth attorney. A felony conviction can affect your life and... > Did you know groping is illegal in Texas? It's called "indecent assault" and it can land you behind bars for a year. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/indecent-assault-texas/ What Is Indecent Assault in Texas? Indecent assault in Texas is a Class A misdemeanor that covers groping, unwanted sexual touching, and other non-consensual sexual contact. Under Texas Penal Code 22. 012, a conviction can result in up to one year in county jail and fines up to $4,000. Unlike sexual assault, a person convicted of indecent assault does not have to register as a sex offender. Before September 2019, groping someone in Texas was only a Class C misdemeanor, the same as a traffic ticket. The Texas Legislature changed the law to punish unwanted sexual contact more severely. Now, this charge carries the same penalties as assault causing bodily injury. How Does Texas Define Indecent Assault? Under Texas Penal Code 22. 012, a person commits indecent assault when, without consent and with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire, they: Touch another person's anus, breast, or any part of their genitals Touch another person using their own anus, breast, or genitals Expose or attempt to expose another person's genitals, pubic area, anus, buttocks, or female nipple Cause another person to contact blood, semen, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces The key elements prosecutors must prove are lack of consent and sexual intent. Without both, the charge cannot stand. This is why having an experienced Fort Worth sex crimes lawyer is essential when facing these allegations. What Is the Punishment for Indecent Assault? Indecent assault is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas. The penalties include: Up to 1 year in county jail Up to $4,000 in fines Loss of firearm rights for 5 years Permanent criminal record If the victim is elderly or disabled, the charge becomes a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code 22. 012(b)(3). This carries 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and fines up to $10,000. Do You Have to Register as a Sex Offender for Indecent Assault? No. Unlike sexual assault or indecency with a child, indecent assault does not require sex offender registration. This is a significant distinction that makes the charge less severe than other sex offenses. However, a conviction still creates a permanent criminal record that can affect employment, housing, and professional licensing. How Common Is Indecent Assault in Fort Worth? Indecent assault charges are relatively uncommon in Tarrant County compared to other assault offenses. According to Tarrant County bond data, there have been 49 indecent assault cases processed, with an average bond of $2,480. 73 and the most common bond set at $2,500. For perspective, Tarrant County processed over 10,400 misdemeanor assault cases during a similar period. Indecent assault makes up less than 1% of all misdemeanor assault cases in the Fort Worth area. What Are Defenses to Indecent Assault Charges? Several defense strategies can challenge indecent assault allegations: Lack of sexual intent. The prosecution must prove the defendant intended to arouse or gratify sexual desire. Accidental contact, horseplay, or non-sexual touching does not meet this requirement. Consent. If the alleged victim consented to the contact,... > An entire chapter of the Penal Code in Texas is devoted to fraud. Find out how our fraud lawyer defends these cases. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/ Fort Worth Fraud Lawyer Facing a fraud charge? It’s imperative to contact a Fort Worth fraud lawyer to start building a strong legal defense right away. Not only can fraud charges carry stiff penalties, but they can damage your professional and personal reputation. Fraud charges can be complicated and paper-intensive. Our experienced criminal defense attorneys will conduct a comprehensive investigation of the prosecution’s case against you and work to find legal issues that we can use to your advantage. We will work tirelessly to achieve the best possible outcome for your case. What are Common Examples of Fraud in Fort Worth? A wide range of offenses could constitute fraud under Texas law. In fact, there is a whole chapter in the Penal Code – Chapter 32 – devoted to fraud. The act of fraud involves someone using trickery or deception to obtain something of value, such as money or property. Below are some common examples of offenses which are classified as fraud: Credit card/Debit Card Fraud or Abuse Bank fraud Wire fraud Check fraud and check kiting Forgery Counterfeiting real estate deeds Insurance Fraud Medicaid Fraud Medicare Fraud Healthcare Fraud Identity Fraud Misappropriation Tax Fraud Counterfeiting Criminal Simulation (for example, creating a fake antique) Counterfeiting Trademarks Stealing or receiving stolen checks Fraudulent use or possession of credit card / debit card information False statements to obtain credit Hindering a Secured Creditor Bankruptcy Fraud Fraudulent Transfer of a Motor Vehicle Commercial Bribery Contest Rigging Illegal Recruitment of an Athlete Securing the Execution of a Document by Deception Fraudulent Destruction, Removal, or Concealment of a Writing (Switching tags) Falsifying Degrees Falsifying a Military Record Contractor Fraud Our team of Fort Worth fraud lawyers are experienced at defending fraud accusations in north Texas. What is the Penalty for a Fraud Conviction? The punishment for a fraud conviction depends on whether the crime is a misdemeanor or felony. The nature of the fraud, value of the property, and age of the alleged victim dictate the severity of the charge. The punishment range often follows the Texas theft value ladder: Value Offense Level Punishment Range Under $100 Class C Up to $500 fine $100 – $750 Class B Up to 180 days in jail $750- $2,500 Class A Up to 1 year in jail $2,500 – $30,000 State Jail 180 days – 2 years in State Jail $30,000-$150,000 Third Degree 2-10 years in prison $150,000-$300,000 Second Degree 2-20 years in prison Upwards of $300,000 First Degree 5-99 years/life Fraud Enhancements in Texas Enhancements also exist based on the characteristics of the victim. For example alleging a victim was elderly (even if the accused did not know it) can increase the offense level by one degree. Aggregation in Texas Fraud Cases If the state alleges that money was obtained in a “continuing course of conduct” or as part of a scheme, regardless of the number of victims, the amounts can be aggregated. Subsequent Offenses for Repeat or Habitual Offenders Individuals who have previously been convicted of... > If you are facing a motion to revoke (MTR), you are facing a jail or prison sentence. Learn how to best defend yourself with our probation revocation lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/revocation/ Fort Worth Probation Revocation Lawyer Probation violations carry severe consequences in Texas, but they don't always result in a one-way ticket to prison. When a probationer fails to comply with the conditions of deferred adjudication or straight probation, their probation officer can issue a warning, ask for sanctions, or push the prosecutor to file a motion to revoke or adjudicate. The outcome depends on the arguments your attorney makes, your history while on probation, the basis for the motion, and the evidence presented to the court. Missing a meeting with your probation officer because your car broke down may result in a sanction and a weekend in jail. Picking up a new offense will likely put your freedom in jeopardy. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, but one thing is certain: serious or repeated probation violations will not go unnoticed. Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese is an experienced Fort Worth probation revocation lawyer. Take a moment to watch this video. What Is Expected of a Probationer in Texas? When the court places you on community supervision, it issues a written order listing your conditions. Standard conditions are similar across counties, but every judge can — and frequently does — add additional terms. Common Texas probation conditions include: Commit no new offenses. Any new arrest, even for minor charges in some counties, can trigger a motion. Report to your probation officer as directed, in person and on time. Pay all fees, court costs, fines, and restitution on the schedule set by the court. Submit to drug and alcohol testing on demand, often at random. Avoid drugs, alcohol, and places where alcohol is the primary item sold, depending on the offense. Remain in the county unless given written permission to travel. Maintain employment or schooling, and report any change in job, address, or phone number. Complete required programs — anger management, BIPP, drug treatment, DWI education, theft classes, sex offender treatment, or whatever else the court ordered. Complete community service hours on the schedule in the order. Avoid contact with victims, co-defendants, or specific people or places when ordered. Comply with any special conditions — ignition interlock, GPS monitoring, curfew, no-contact orders, firearm prohibitions, and others. If you do not know exactly what your conditions are, ask your probation officer for a current copy. You can be revoked for violating any condition — including the ones you forgot existed. What Are Common Probation Violations in Texas? Probation violations occur when an individual fails to follow the terms and conditions set out by the court. Common violations include: Committing a new offense; Skipping a meeting with a probation officer; Failing a drug test; Failing to pay fees and court costs (although revocation will generally not be based merely on failure to pay); Failing to complete community service; Leaving the county without permission; Failing to complete court-ordered classes or treatment; Possessing a firearm while on community supervision. What Is a Motion to Revoke? If a person is on straight probation and the probation... > Child accused of misdemeanor assault in North Texas? Get the best juvenile assault defense. Call Attorney Lisa Herrick at 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-assault-defense/ Misdemeanor Juvenile Assault Fights break out daily among middle and high school students across North Texas. They occur at school, after school, sporting events, parties ... the list goes on. Many of these fights begin and end quickly with no serious, long-term consequences – other than a trip to the principal’s office or a call to a parent. If police are contacted, however, it can be a completely different story. Fighting – even among teens – is a crime in Texas. It’s called assault, and a charge can bring serious consequences if not handled properly by an experienced juvenile defense attorney. In this article, we will discuss misdemeanor juvenile assaults in Texas and what you should do if your child has been accused of or arrested for fighting. At Varghese Summersett, we are fortunate to have one of the best juvenile assault defense attorneys in Texas on our team. Lisa Herrick is a highly-renowned attorney who is Board Certified in Juvenile Law. This means she is an expert in juvenile law and has a wealth of experience in representing minors accused of assault. Who is considered a juvenile in Texas? In Texas, children between the ages of 10 and 16 are considered juveniles for purposes of criminal prosecution. Once a teen turns 17, they are considered an adult and will be handled by the adult criminal justice system. The juvenile justice system is much different than the adult system, in that the focus is on rehabilitation and treatment rather than punishment. If a juvenile is accused of committing a misdemeanor assault, he or she will be handled by a juvenile court or municipal court, rather than the adult criminal justice system. What is misdemeanor assault for juveniles in Texas? In Texas, most juvenile assaults are misdemeanors (as opposed to felonies). Under Texas law, there are four types of misdemeanor, or simple, assaults. They are defined in Section 22. 01 of the Texas Penal Code, but we also offer some hypothetical situations that may help to illustrate the different offenses. Assault by Contact: A juvenile commits assault by contact if he or she intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with a person who will perceive it as offensive or provocative. Examples of assault by contact would include spitting on someone, shoving them, or poking them in the chest. Even though it didn’t cause bodily injury, offensive physical contact can still be considered assault in Texas. Hypothetical Scenario: Two 14-year-old middle school students are playing basketball in the gym. An argument breaks out, and one of the boys pushes the other and spits on him. The coach breaks it up and calls the school resource officer. The school resource officer determines that the teen committed assault by contact and issues a ticket. Assault by Threat: A juvenile commits assault by threat if he or she intentionally or knowingly threatens an individual either verbally or non-verbally, with the threat of imminent bodily injury. Hypothetical Scenario: Two 16-year-old girls get into an argument in... > Need an expunction in Fort Worth? Board Certified attorneys at Varghese Summersett help clear your criminal record. Free consultation. Call today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-expunction-lawyer/ Getting an Expunction in Fort Worth An expunction (sometimes referred to as an "expungement") is a court order that permanently destroys all records of an arrest in Texas and the outcome. No one – including police, prosecutors, or even judges – have the ability to consider an expunged record. In most cases, you can deny the fact that you were arrested - even under oath. It is one of the most powerful mechanisms to clear a person's record that exists under our laws. Our Fort Worth expunction lawyer helps dozens of people every year obtain an expunction. How to Get an Expunction in Tarrant County Determine whether or not you are eligible for an expunction. Determine the statutory waiting period that applies to your situation. File the appropriate petition for expunction. Wait for the State's response. File a proposed order for expunction. Appear at the hearing if necessary. Once the expunction order is granted, ensure that it is sent to all the relevant sources of data including private data collectors like publicdata. com; Finally, follow up to see if the expunction order has resulted in the removal of all the relevant records. This can happen very quickly at the local level but can take months to even a year (updated after the pandemic began) for larger data collectors (like Texas DPS) to comply with the order. Who is eligible for an expunction? To be eligible for an expunction in Texas, your case must have been: Dismissed; No-billed by a grand jury; Acquitted (either at trial or on appeal); Never filed – meaning you were never charged - and the statute of limitations has run; Never filed – and a waiting period has passed (partial expunction); The indictment was quashed due to a lack of probable cause and the statute of limitations has run; The case was resolved as a Class C offense that was dismissed after successful completion of deferred adjudication probation; Pardoned; Reversed and acquitted by a Court of Appeal; or Recommended to be expunged by the prosecutor. Why do expunctions exist? Many arrests stem from stupid mistakes, a momentary lapse in judgment often brought on by anger, alcohol, peer pressure, or youth. Unfortunately, that one-time mistake can have lifelong consequences. In Texas, an arrest record can prevent you from getting into college, landing a job, leasing a car, or financing a home. It’s the mistake that keeps on giving. All hope is not lost, however. In Texas, there are ways to have criminal records erased or sealed – either through an expunction or a non-disclosure. Our Fort Worth expunction lawyers have successfully obtained dozens of expunctions in Tarrant County over the last several years. If you believe you are eligible for an expunction, please contact our law firm today for a free consultation. We will review your case and see if we can help you put your past behind you. What's the difference between an expunction and nondisclosure? In Texas, there are two ways to keep a criminal... > Abandoning a Child and Endangering a Child are felony offenses in Texas ranging from a state jail felony to a second degree felony. Here are the best defenses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/abandoning/ Abandoning or Endangering a Child in Texas Abandoning and endangering a child are two different offenses, but they are both found in Texas Penal Code Section 22. 041 (a)-(b). In Tarrant County, you may see the charge listed as "ABAND END CHILD. " This article explains the offense of Abandoning a Child and the offense of Endangering a Child in Texas. Abandoning a Child in Texas Abandoning a child is an allegation that a person left a child under the age of 15 without reasonable supervision or care. To abandon means to leave the child in a place without providing reasonable and necessary care for the child, in circumstances which no other reasonable adult would leave that same child. Endangering a Child in Texas Endangering a child is defined in Section 22. 041(c). A person commits this offense when he or she places a child under the age of 15 in a situation where the child in imminent danger of death, bodily injury or physical or mental impairment. This can be done intentionally, knowingly, or even negligently. Beginning on September 1, 2023, Section 22. 041 of the Texas Penal Code will expand to also include elderly and disabled individuals to the class of people protected by law from abandonment and endangerment. Endangerment of a Child is Presumed in Certain Situations A person is presumed to have endangered a child if they: possessed or manufactured methamphetamine in the presence of a child. used, possessed, or manufactured methamphetamine and the child's blood or urine indicates the presence of methamphetamine in the child's body. used a Penalty Group 1 substance around a child. What is the punishment for endangering or abandoning a child in Texas? Abandoning a child is a state jail felony, if the accused intended to return for the child. Abandoning a child is a third degree felony if the accused did not intend to return for the child. Abandoning a child is a second degree felony of the accused abandoned the child in a manner that a reasonable person would believe placed the child in imminent danger of death or bodily injury. What is Abandoning a Child in Texas? Abandoning a Child in Texas - Penal Code 22. 041 Under Texas Penal Code 22. 041, a person commits the offense of abandoning a child if, having custody, care, or control of a child younger than 15 years, they intentionally abandon the child in any place under circumstances that expose the child to an unreasonable risk of harm. The specific elements of this offense include: Elements of the Offense Custody, Care, or Control: The person has custody, care, or control of the child. Intentional Abandonment: The person intentionally abandons the child. Victim: The child must be younger than 15 years old. Unreasonable Risk of Harm: The abandonment occurs under circumstances that expose the child to an unreasonable risk of harm. Custody, Care, or Control The person must have legal or physical responsibility for the child, including being a parent, guardian, or... > Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child is a serious first degree felony offense in Texas. Learn how we successfully defend these charges. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/ Aggravated sexual assault of a child is one of the most serious felony charges in Texas. A conviction carries 5 to 99 years in prison, lifetime sex offender registration, and permanent consequences that affect every aspect of your life. If you or a loved one is facing this charge, you need an experienced defense attorney immediately. At Varghese Summersett, our board-certified criminal defense attorneys have defended hundreds of clients against sexual assault allegations in Tarrant, Dallas, Harris, and surrounding Texas counties. We understand what's at stake, and we fight aggressively to protect your rights, your reputation, and your future. What is Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, aggravated sexual assault of a child occurs in two main situations. First, when someone commits sexual assault against any child while also causing serious bodily injury, threatening death or serious injury, using a deadly weapon, or administering drugs to incapacitate the victim. Second, when someone commits sexual assault against a child under 14 years old, regardless of whether other aggravating factors are present. Texas law defines a "child" as anyone under 17 years old for purposes of sexual assault offenses. Because children cannot legally consent to sexual activity, the state does not need to prove force or lack of consent when the victim is a minor. What is the Punishment for Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? Aggravated sexual assault of a child is a first-degree felony in Texas. The punishment range includes: 5 to 99 years (or life) in prison Up to $10,000 in fines Lifetime sex offender registration Texas law also creates a category known as "super aggravated" sexual assault, which applies when the victim was under 6 years old, or when the victim was under 14 and another aggravating factor (weapon, serious injury, or drugging) was present. Super aggravated offenses carry a mandatory minimum of 25 years in prison with no possibility of parole. What is the Punishment with a Prior Sex Offense Conviction? If you have a prior conviction for a sexually violent offense, Texas law mandates life without parole. There is no judicial discretion. This makes having experienced legal representation from the earliest possible moment critical. What Are the Sex Offender Registration Requirements? A conviction for aggravated sexual assault of a child requires lifetime registration as a sex offender under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Chapter 62. This also applies if you receive deferred adjudication. Registration requirements include providing your address to local law enforcement, restrictions on where you can live and work, and having your information publicly available in the Texas Sex Offender Registry. Can You Get Probation for Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child? Probation eligibility depends on the specific circumstances of the charge. Aggravated sexual assault of a child is classified as a 3G offense in Texas, which limits probation options significantly. A judge cannot grant straight probation for this offense. A jury can only recommend probation if the sentence is 10 years... > Were you charged with entering into a marriage while already being married? Call a Fort Worth bigamy lawyer at Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/bigamy/ Fort Worth Bigamy Lawyer In laymen’s terms, bigamy refers to being married to two different people at the same time. Texas statute lays out the offense of bigamy in a bit more detail, which can be a felony offense. There are two different ways one can commit bigamy. These depend on the married state of the actor. Bigamy Defined When one is legally married to another and purports to marry a second partner, or does marry another partner, this is bigamy. However, the married person can also commit bigamy by living with a person other than their lawful spouse and holding themselves out as being married to the person with whom they are living. When a person is not legally married to another, but either marries or purports to marry another person who they know is already legally married, they have committed bigamy. Additionally, when a person lives with a person they know are already married to someone else, and holds themselves out as a married couple, this is bigamy. See Penal Code Section 25. 01 for more information. Potential Consequences As a general rule, bigamy is a felony in the third degree. Felonies in the third degree are punishable by a fine of up to $10,000. Third-degree felonies are also punishable by up to 10 years in prison. There is a minimum prison sentence of two years for third-degree felonies in the state of Texas. Bigamy can be charged as a second-degree felony when the partner is 17 years of age, and a first-degree felony if the partner is 16 years of age or younger. Both these offenses also cap fines at $10,000. A second-degree felony carries a maximum prison sentence of 20 years, with a minimum of two years. First-degree felonies cap prison time at life or 99 years, with a five-year minimum prison sentence. Contact a Fort Worth Bigamy Lawyer to Build a Defense When a person reasonably believes their prior marriage is no longer valid, either because it was void, or had previously been dissolved due to death, divorce, or annulment, this is a defense to a charge of bigamy. However, “reasonable belief” requires either a certified copy of a death certificate or other, relevant document signed and issued by a court of law which legitimately supports the actor’s belief. > Indecent exposure is a Class B misdemeanor in Texas and carries up to 180 days in jail. Call for a free consultation & to discuss defenses to indecent exposure. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/indecent-exposure/ Indecent Exposure in Texas Explained What is indecent exposure? In general terms, indecent exposure occurs when a person exposes themselves for sexual gratification to someone who might be offended or alarmed. Under Section 21. 08 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits the offense of indecent exposure if he or she "exposes his anus or any part of his genitals with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, and he is reckless about whether another person is present who will be offended or alarmed by his exposure. " Indecent exposure is a serious criminal offense in Texas, even though it is a misdemeanor. This is because the offense carries a stigma that often results in snap judgments by others - not only upon conviction but on arrest. Prosecuting attorneys take these cases seriously, as will the entire court system. If you've been charged with indecent exposure in Texas, you'll want the best attorney you can find at your side. What is the punishment for indecent exposure? Indecent exposure is a Class B misdemeanor in Texas. An individual convicted of this offense may be sentenced to: Confinement: No more than 180 days in jail. Potential fine: Up to $2,000. While indecent exposure is a misdemeanor, if the acts occur in the presence of a child under the age of 17, it can be charged as indecency with a child by exposure which is a felony offense. Repeat offenders can also face harsher penalties for subsequent offenses. In 2023, Texas enacted TX HB 1730 which states that if a defendant has one previous conviction for indecent exposure, he or she will face a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a $4000 fine (rather than a Class B misdemeanor for a first-time offense). If a defendant has two or more previous convictions for indecent exposure, he or she will face a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. Can a college prank lead to an indecent exposure charge? Generally no. While mooning a person or flashing genitals may meet part of the definition of indecent exposure, prosecutors would have a challenging time proving that such acts were for sexual gratification. What is the statute of limitations for indecent exposure? The statute of limitations for a misdemeanor indecent exposure charge in Texas is two years. Do you have to register as a sex offender if convicted of indecent exposure? While charges for indecent exposure remain misdemeanor offenses, a second plea of guilty to the charge of indecent exposure will require registration as a sex offender unless the accused is placed on deferred adjudication for the second offense. Indecent exposure and public lewdness are offenses that are taken seriously by prosecuting agencies throughout the state. If you are charged with a sex crime, even if it's a misdemeanor, you will want a criminal defense attorney that is experienced in handling... > Sale or Purchase of a Child in Texas is a serious felony offense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/sale-or-purchase/ Sale or Purchase of a Child | Texas Penal Code 25. 08 As unlikely as it seems, Sale or Purchase of a Child is still an offense being filed in Texas. In August 2024, a lawyer in Texas was charged with this felony offense after being accused of unethical adoption practices. Penal Code § 25. 08 was enacted to ensure the adoption process remained ethical and that the best interests of the child were prioritized. It aims to prevent the commercialization of adoption and protect both birth parents and adoptive parents from exploitation. What is Sale or Purchase of a Child in Texas? The sale or purchase of a child statute in Texas punishes several different types of conduct: First, if a person who has possession of, custody of, conservatorship of, or guardianship of a child (a person under the age of 18) accepts something of value in exchange for the delivery of the child to another for the purpose of adopting, this may be a violation of the law. (There are exceptions to this, which will be discussed further below. ) Second, if a person in possession or lawful custody, conservatorship, or guardianship of a child offers to accept, or agrees to accept a thing of value in exchange for the child, this mere discussion can result in charges of the sale or purchase of the child. This can be true even where no money or thing of value is exchanged. Finally, if a person offers to give, agrees to give, or does give a thing of value in exchange for either acquiring or keeping a child for the purpose of adoption, this can be a criminal offense. See Penal Code Section 25. 08 Exceptions to Sale or Purchase There are certain exceptions to offering things of value that are permissible under the law. These include the following: A fee or reimbursement paid to a child placing agency, where authorized by law; Fees to attorneys, social workers, and other professionals in the usual course of legal, medical, or adoption counseling practice; Reimbursement of legal or medical expenses for the benefit of the child; or Necessary pregnancy-related expenses as permitted by law. Punishments in Fort Worth for the Sale or Purchase of a Minor Sale or Purchase of a child in Fort Worth is a felony in the third degree in most circumstances, punishable by a fine of up to $10,000, and a prison sentence of up to 10 years in prison, with a minimum sentence of two years. Third degree punishment range in Texas > Kristen Carr is a Senior Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. She can be reached at (817) 900-3220. Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-11-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/kristen-carr/ Kristen Carr Senior Associate Attorney Kristen Carr is a Senior Associate in Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, where she patiently guides clients through life-altering family matters, including divorce, child custody disputes, property division, and adoptions. Kristen understands that family law involves sensitive, and often complex, issues that can be highly emotional for clients. Her compassion, coupled with years of courtroom experience, makes her an excellent advocate for her clients and their children. Kristen has handled hundreds of family law matters and is skilled in all aspects of case resolution, including trial, mediation, and negotiation. She listens to each client’s unique situation and will devise the best strategy moving forward, whether that means working to reach an amicable agreement or aggressively litigating the case in court. In addition to being a skilled family law attorney and licensed mediator, Kristen is also a devoted wife and mother with a strong commitment to her community. She was born and raised in North Texas. She attended Grapevine High School, where she met her high school sweetheart, and now husband. After high school, she attended Texas Tech University where she graduated Summa Cum Laude and was the highest-ranking graduate in her class. Afterward, she returned to North Texas and obtained her law degree from Texas A&M School of Law. During her legal career, Kristen has developed passions in two niche areas of family law – protective orders and adoptions. The first allows her to help bring peace and protection to victims of family violence. The latter enables her to help families grow through the addition of a child. One of Kristen’s favorite days of the year is National Adoption Day when she volunteers to be the attorney monitor for adoptions in Tarrant County. Kristen and her husband have two young sons and one dog child – a red Labrador named Rose. Fun Fact: Kristen was the president of her college sorority, Alpha Chi Omega https://youtu. be/Nb09DqW6KQA Education Texas A&M School of Law, Juris Doctor, 2015 Texas Tech University, Bachelor of Arts in Public Relations, 2012 Practice Areas High Net Worth Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Property and Asset Division Enforcement of Existing Orders Father’s Rights Grandparent’s Rights Prenuptial Agreements Postnuptial Agreements Adoptions Honors, Awards, Memberships Best Lawyers in America, Best Lawyers, 2024, 2025 Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2021-2024 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2022 - Present Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine, 2022 - Present Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 Member, State Bar of Texas Member, State Bar of Texas Family Law Section Member, Tarrant County Family Bar Association Member, Tarrant County Bar Association > A first-time solicitation of prostitution charge is a felony in Texas. Consult an experienced solicitation of prostitution lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/solicitation-of-prostitution/ What is Solicitation of Prostitution in Texas? Solicitation of prostitution is a criminal offense in Texas, involving an individual offering, agreeing to, or engaging in sexual conduct in exchange for a fee. Under Texas Penal Code §43. 021, a person commits solicitation of prostitution if he or she: knowingly offers or agrees to pay a fee to another person for purposes of engaging in sexual conduct with that person or another. It is important to stress that sex doesn’t have to occur to be arrested and charged with prostitution or solicitation of prostitution. Prosecutors only have to prove that an agreement was made. That’s why so many people get arrested in sex stings – just making the deal and meeting up can lead to an arrest. Under Texas law, both the individual who offers sexual services and the individual who seeks those services can face criminal charges for solicitation. This article explores the consequences of a solicitation charge and discusses possible defenses to help protect your rights and reputation. https://youtu. be/naeI9VHfT20 Prostitution vs. Solicitation of Prostitution in Texas In the past, Texas law used to make no distinction between “prostitution” and “solicitation of prostitution. " Prostitutes and "Johns" faced a misdemeanor charge and were punished equally. That all changed in September 2021 when Texas became the first state to make solicitation of prostitution a felony. This means that "Johns" actually face harsher punishment than the person offering sexual services (who still faces a misdemeanor. ) https://youtu. be/ar5LryZT7jM Implications of a Solicitation of Prostitution Charge Harm to Reputation If not handled correctly, being charged with solicitation of prostitution can have long-lasting repercussions on your personal and professional life. It can damage your reputation, strain relationships, and create difficulties in finding employment or housing. Crime of Moral Turpitude In Texas, solicitation of prostitution is considered a crime of moral turpitude. Crimes of moral turpitude involve dishonesty or morally reprehensible behavior, which may lead to further consequences, such as impacting immigration status or professional licenses. Solicitation of Prostitution is a Felony in Texas As of September 1, 2021, Texas made solicitation of prostitution a felony. That made Texas the only state where this first-time offense is a felony. As a result of this enhanced range of punishment, it is not uncommon in North Texas for law enforcement to initiate prostitution stings in an effort to catch customers or so-called “Johns. Be Aware of Sting Operations Law enforcement in Texas employs various methods to conduct sting operations targeting solicitation of prostitution. These include undercover officers posing as sex workers or clients, both in person and online. Online conversations are often initiated, leading to in-person meetings where arrests are made once an agreement for sexual services is reached. Techniques such as video surveillance, audio recording devices, and collaboration with Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are also utilized to gather evidence. Specific platforms and apps monitored by law enforcement for these operations include escort websites like Escort Directory, ListCrawler, and Adult Search, as well as social media... > Varghese Summersett has been named a 2023 “Small Business of the Year” by the Fort Worth Chamber, a distinguished award honoring exemplary small businesses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/small-business-of-the-year/ Varghese Summersett Named 2023 Small Business Of The Year Varghese Summersett has been named a “Small Business of the Year” by the Fort Worth Chamber, a distinguished award that recognizes and honors small businesses that have demonstrated exemplary best practices of entrepreneurship. The award recipients were announced on Friday, October 6, during Fort Worth Mayor Mattie Parker’s annual “State of the City” event at the Fort Worth Convention Center. Mark Nurdin, President and CEO of Bank of Texas-Fort Worth, presented the awards before a sold-out crowd of more than 1000 attendees. “Small businesses are the lifeblood of a growing economy and essential for Fort Worth,” Nurdin told the audience. “They drive innovation, create jobs, and fuel growth, so their success is success for Fort Worth. Bank of Texas is honored to support and empower these small businesses, and many others, as they continue to innovate and thrive. ” Twelve small business finalists were invited to the event, where 5 winners were announced in categories based on size and stages of development. Varghese Summersett won in the category of 21 to 50 employees. (Benson Varghese and Anna Summersett) “Being named a ‘Small Business of the Year’ by the Fort Worth Chamber is an incredible honor,” said Benson Varghese, Managing Partner of Varghese Summersett. “When I started out, nearly a decade ago, I knew Fort Worth was the place to be. The incredible growth that we’ve seen is a reflection of what is happening in Fort Worth. We’re privileged to help good folks in this community through the toughest times in their lives. “This award is for every member of our team who works tirelessly to uphold our commitment to excellence by providing unmatched service and obtaining unparalleled outcomes for our clients. I couldn’t be prouder, and I am thankful to the Chamber for recognizing those efforts. ” The Fort Worth Chamber presented its first awards for Small Business of the Year (SBOY) in 1998 and the prestigious program has continued to evolve. The annual awards are presented to businesses that have demonstrated exemplary best practices of entrepreneurship, including sound business planning, fiscal responsibility, and work process innovation. This year, the first round of judging utilized blind assessments, where the judges evaluated the companies without being aware of their names. The selection process criteria included talent attraction and retention (45 percent); business challenges and solutions (30 percent); and community engagement and diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives. From there, the judges nominated 12 finalists – 3 in each category, who attended in-person interviews with a panel of community leaders. The finalists were also invited to attend a newly-created “Small Business of the Year Showcase,” which was held before the State of the City address and allowed the businesses to showcase their services or products. After the Small Business Showcase, the finalists and members of their team were asked to attend the State of the City event, where the winners were announced in the following categories: Divine Intervention Recovery: Emerging Business 6th Avenue... > Our Fort Worth sexual assault lawyer has successfully defended every level of sexual assault allegation. Call us at 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/ Fort Worth Sexual Assault Lawyer | Varghese Summersett Skip to content Skip to main content Varghese Summersett Call (817) 203-2220 Call Now Home Criminal Defense Fort Worth Sexual Assault Lawyer N° 01 Fort Worth Sexual Assault Lawyer Fort Worth Sexual Assault LawyersBoard Certified Criminal Defense By Benson Varghese, Board Certified in Criminal Law Reviewed by Anna Summersett Updated June 7, 2026 An accusation is not a conviction. We make the State prove it. Proven · Tarrant County Our Fort Worth sexual assault lawyers have won grand jury no-bills, outright dismissals, and not guilty verdicts in sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault of a child, and continuous sexual abuse cases, backed by former prosecutors and Board Certified criminal law specialists. 750+ Jury Trials (Team) 3 Board Certified Partners Former Prosecutors Call (817) 203-2220 → Free Consultation → If you have been accused of sexual assault in Fort Worth, what you do in the next 48 hours can decide the next 20 years. A detective may invite you to give your side of the story. CPS may show up at your door. A warrant may already be in motion. The single most important move is to say nothing and call a Fort Worth sexual assault lawyer before you answer any questions. Varghese Summersett defends these cases every day in Tarrant County. Every senior attorney here started as a prosecutor, three partners are Board Certified in Criminal Law, and our office at 300 Throckmorton Street sits a short walk from the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center, where every Tarrant County felony sexual assault case is heard. As seen on The New York Times Forbes Reuters Texas Monthly Fox 4 WFAA What You Need to Know Do not talk to investigators, even if you are innocent. Statements made in an interview room become the State's best evidence. Stay silent and ask for a lawyer. Assume calls are recorded. Texas is a one-party consent state. If your accuser suddenly wants to "talk about what happened," a detective is likely listening. Sexual assault is generally a second-degree felony: 2 to 20 years and mandatory sex offender registration. Aggravated and child cases run up to life. Every Texas felony must pass through a grand jury. We have ended sexual assault cases there with no-bills, before an indictment ever existed. An allegation alone, with no physical evidence, is enough for a warrant. Early intervention is where these cases are most often won. N° 02 Case Study Dismissed · Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child Facing 25 to Life. Dismissed. The Charge Our Approach The Outcome The Charge Our client was charged with continuous sexual abuse of a young child, the most serious sexual offense in the Texas Penal Code short of capital murder. The punishment range is 25 years to life with no possibility of parole. There is no probation. A conviction is a life sentence in every way that matters. Our Approach We did not accept the forensic interview as the whole story. We ran our own investigation,... > Dallas County Criminal Courts are located inside the Frank Crowley Courts Building, 133 N Riverfront Blvd, Dallas, TX 75207. Criminal Courts in Dallas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-criminal-courts/ Dallas County Courthouse | Dallas County Criminal Courts Dallas County Courthouse Location and Parking Information If you have been arrested for a felony offense or a non-traffic misdemeanor offense, your case will be heard in one of the criminal courts located inside the Frank Crowley Courts Building. Similarly, if you’ve been called for jury service in a criminal case, you’ll be looking for the Frank Crowley Courthouse. Our Dallas County Criminal Lawyer put this article together to help you find the courthouse. Frank Crowley Courthouse Dallas The history of the Frank Crowley Courthouse dates back to the late 19th century when the original Dallas County Courthouse was constructed in 1892. Over time, the city’s population grew, leading to the need for a larger and more modern courthouse facility. In 1962, the Dallas County Commissioners Court commissioned the construction of a new courthouse to meet the demands of the growing county. The new building was designed by architect George Dahl and completed in 1966. It was named the Criminal Courts Building and was dedicated to serving the criminal justice system of Dallas County. Frank Crowley, born in 1892, was a Dallas County Commissioner who played a pivotal role in the development of the criminal justice system in Dallas. He served as a commissioner for 26 years, from 1949 until his retirement in 1974. Crowley was known for his dedication to public service and his commitment to improving the lives of the citizens of Dallas. During his tenure, Crowley played a crucial role in modernizing the county’s criminal justice system. He advocated for the construction of new facilities and the implementation of innovative programs to support the administration of justice. Crowley’s efforts were instrumental in establishing a more efficient and effective court system in Dallas County. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the Criminal Courts Building was renamed the Frank Crowley Courthouse in 1983. The renaming served as a tribute to Frank Crowley’s lifelong commitment to public service and his lasting impact on the Dallas community. Today, the Frank Crowley Courthouse remains an important judicial facility in Dallas County, housing various courts, including the County Criminal Courts, the County Civil Courts, and the County Probate Courts. The Frank Crowley Courts Building is located at 133 N. Riverfront Boulevard, 3rd Floor, Dallas, TX 75207. Information about each Dallas County Criminal Court is listed below: Search: Court Floor Judge Court Coordinator Phone Number Dallas County Criminal Court No. 1 CCC1 3rd Floor Hon. Dan Patterson, Presiding Barbara Cambell (214) 653-5605 Dallas County Criminal Court No. 2 CCC2 3rd Floor Hon. Julia Hayes, Presiding Teresa Curry (214) 653-5615 Dallas County Criminal Court No. 3 CCC3 3rd Floor Hon. Doug Skemp, Presiding Sheria Mathis (214) 653-5625 Dallas County Criminal Court No. 4 CCC4 3rd Floor Hon. Nancy C. Mulder, Presiding Marcia Waters (214) 653-5636 Dallas County Criminal Court No. 5 CCC5 3rd Floor Hon. Lisa Green, Presiding Naidja Taylor (214) 653-5645 Dallas County Criminal Court No. 6 CCC6 3rd Floor Hon. Angela King, Presiding Ann Cruz... > Credit card fraud is a felony in Texas. Call a Fort Worth credit card fraud lawyer today for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/credit-card/ Fort Worth Credit Card Fraud Lawyer A charge of credit card fraud can be overwhelming and frightening. Successfully fighting the allegations will require the skill of an experienced Fort Worth credit card fraud lawyer. A seasoned criminal defense attorney will explain your legal options and advise you of the best steps moving forward. We can help you navigate this difficult time and find better days ahead. What are the Types of Credit Card Fraud in Fort Worth? Under Texas Penal Code § 32. 31, using someone else’s credit card without their permission, purchasing a credit card from someone else, or selling someone else’s credit card constitutes credit card abuse. Other types of credit card fraud that will require the assistance of a Forth Worth lawyer include: Intentionally using a credit card that was previously canceled or has expired Stealing another person’s credit card Intending to use another person’s card without the holder’s permission Possessing multiple incomplete credit cards and intending to complete them without the card holder’s permission Accepting a credit card with full knowledge that it has been stolen and intending to sell the card, making purchases with it, or delivering it to any individual other than the cardholder Using a fake credit card to achieve gains Enjoying some form of credit card benefit while knowing that the benefit is gained by fraud The negative impact of a credit card conviction may extend beyond these criminal penalties, affecting your ability to rent a house or apartment, vote, seek certain types of work, and more. Our team of Fort Worth attorneys can find potential defenses and leverage strong legal arguments in an effort to obtain the best result possible for your credit card fraud case. What are the Consequences of Credit Card Fraud in Texas? Credit card fraud crimes in Fort Worth are generally punished as a state jail felony unless the victim was elderly in which it will be elevated to a third-degree felony. Third-degree felonies are punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. A state jail felony is punishable by 180 days to two years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine. If you or a loved one if facing a credit card abuse charge, it’s imperative to find a credit card attorney in Fort Worth who is well-versed in financial crimes. Fortunately, you’ve come to the right place. Our attorneys are meticulous in their analysis and will leave no stone unturned. They will work to obtain the best possible outcome in an effort to protect your reputation and your freedom. Credit Card Abuse Defenses There are a number of ways to defend credit card abuse cases. Many people accused of credit card fraud believe they were authorized to use the alleged victim’s credit or debit card. Lack of intent to obtain a benefit or lack of knowledge of possessing the card are also potential viable defenses. Our attorneys will discuss the facts and circumstances and determine the... > Facing charges of self checkout theft in Fort Worth? Call the criminal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/self-checkout-theft-in-texas/ Self Checkout Theft | Skip Scanning and Theft Charges in Texas Self-checkout theft or "skip scanning" has become a common basis to allege shoplifting in Texas. This occurs when a customer doesn't scan all the items that make it into their bags at self-checkout. You may also see this charge if a person scans a bar code of an item of similar weight and then places a more expensive, similarly-weighted item in the bag to avoid detection by the scales under the bagging area. This form of shoplifting has become increasingly more common in Fort Worth and Texas, and retailers are cracking down. Here’s a look at the skip scanning charges, the consequences, and real-life examples of people arrested for self checkout theft. What is self checkout theft? Skip scanning is a self-checkout theft technique that has gained in popularity in recent years. It occurs when a customer pretends to scan an item before putting it in a bag or basket or uses a bar code from an item of lesser value and quickly bags the more expensive item. The crime is considered shoplifting/theft, which can be a misdemeanor or felony charge depending on the amount of the theft. Are there slang terms for self-checkout theft or skip scanning? Self-checkout theft is so common that there are actually terms for this kind of shoplifting. Not scanning an item is called "the pass around. " Scanning something expensive using the code for a cheap product is the "banana trick. " Peeling off the sticker on something cheap and putting it on a more expensive item is referred to as the "switcheroo. " What is the punishment for self checkout theft? The punishment for skip scanning in Texas depends upon the value of the property stolen and how the scheme was carried out. For example, if the accused failed to scan items, then the punishment will be based on the total value of the stolen property. In other words, the value of all the items can be added together or aggregated to determine the level or charge and penalty you face: Less than $100 – Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine $100 to $750 – Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and maximum $2000 fine. $750 to $2,500 – Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. $2,500 to $30,000 – State jail felony punishable by up to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. $30,000 to $150,000 – Third degree felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine $150,000 to $300,000 – Second degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine Above $300,000 – First degree felony punishable by up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. If the scheme was carried out by scanning something expensive by using the code for a less expensive... > Committing arson in Fort Worth can be charged as a second or first degree felony. Schedule a free consultation at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/arson/ Arson in Fort Worth What is arson in Texas? In Texas, an individual commits arson if he or she starts a fire or explosion with the intent to destroy or damage land, fences, vegetation, buildings, homes or vehicles knowing that: it is within the limits of an incorporated city or town: it is insured against damage or destruction; it is subject to a mortgage or other security interest; it is located on property belonging to another; it has located within it property belonging to another; Additionally, when an individual is reckless about whether the explosion or burning can endanger the life of an individual or the safety of the property, arson can also be alleged. What is the punishment for arson in Texas? → First-Degree Arson: If an individual commits arson that causes bodily injury or death, the offense is a first degree felony, punishable by five years to up to life in prison. If the structure that burned or exploded is a habitation or a place of worship such as a church or a mosque, it is also a felony of the first degree. →Second-Degree Arson: If an individual intentionally starts a fire to damage property - as opposed to causing death or serious harm - he or she looking at a second degree felony in Fort Worth. A second degree felony carries a punishment range of 2 to 20 years in prison. Generally, most people charged with arson face second-degree felonies. →Third-Degree Arson: If an individual recklessly starts a fire or causes an explosion while manufacturing a controlled substance which resulted in bodily injury or death it is a third-degree felony, punishable to 2 to 10 years in prison. We often see these cases arise out of cooking methamphetamine or another similar substance. →State Jail Felony Arson: All other fires or explosions that result from cooking methamphetamine or other similar conduct that causes damage to a vehicle, building or home are state jail felonies, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility. An individual may also face a state jail felony if he or she starts a fire or explosion that leads to reckless damage or destruction to building or reckless injury or death. Are there exceptions or defenses to arson allegations in Fort Worth? It's important to point out that there is an exception to prosecution if the fire or explosion was part of a controlled burn on open spaced land or if, prior to starting a fire or explosion, the individual obtained a permit or written authorization. Defending arson cases in Fort Worth There is a lot of pseudoscience in arson investigations and that becomes an area ripe for attacking the prosecution's case. The problem with inaccurate arson investigations is so great that it has become a focus of the Texas Forensic Commission. If you or a loved one has been charged with arson in Fort Worth, it's imperative to have an experienced attorney who is skilled at defending complex cases. We... > You may be asked to take ACC (Anger Control Counseling) by your attorney. Learn where you can take ACC in the Tarrant and Dallas area. ACC Anger Management. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/acc-anger-control-counseling/ Where Can I Take ACC or Anger Management in Tarrant County? What is ACC (Anger Control Counseling) & Anger Management? If you have been charged with a misdemeanor in Tarrant County, your attorney may ask you to complete an ACC Anger Management course. ACC stands for Anger Control Counseling, which is an anger management course designed for individuals facing criminal charges. ACC courses typically teach individuals how to express anger in a constructive manner. This begins with being aware of anger by noticing triggers. Next, the student is taught how to relax and deal with anger in a non-destructive way. ACC courses typically teach individuals how to express anger in a constructive manner. This begins with being aware of anger by noticing triggers. The student is taught how to relax and deal with anger in a non-destructive way. Court-Approved ACC (Anger Control Counseling) Classes Below is a list of course providers that are licensed through the state to provide ACC Anger Management Courses. Although they are state-approved, not every judge approves of every class, so be sure to talk to your attorney about which course provider you are going to. Edit Course ProviderAddressCityPhone Number BRAD DEAN1414 W. Randol Mill Road, Suite 200Arlington817-271-4563 NORTH TEXAS ADDICTIONS COUNSELING AND EDUCATION124 W. Pioneer Pkwy, Suite 120Arlington817-795-8278 CENTER FOR THERAPEUTIC CHANGE605 E. Border StreetArlington817-548-9990 ADDICTIVE DISEASE EDUCATION CENTER1815 York AveArlington817-558-9073 TOWARDS HEALING3611F West Pioneer ParkwayArlington817-274-8272 SAFEHAVEN OF TARRANT COUNTY401 West Sanford Suite 1400 BArlington817-548-0583 ADDICTIVE DISEASE EDUCATION CENTER10298 County Road 1239Cleburne817-558-9073 BEE SERVICES, INC. 2824 Valley View Lane, #109Dallas214-458-5000 A. L. TURNER ACADEMIC INTERVENTION1801 N. Hampton, Ste 410De Soto214-668-6610 A. L. TURNER ACADEMIC INTERVENTION777 Main Street, Suite 600Fort Worth469-948-4859 PSYCHOTHERAPY SERVICES AND YOKEFELLOWS159 N. RiversideFort Worth817-338-4471 OPPORTUNITIES COUNSELING CENTER601 University Drive, Suite 105Fort Worth817-360-2983 CENTER FOR THERAPEUTIC CHANGE6320 Brentwood Stair RoadFort Worth817-446-9770 SEMILLAS1015 Pennsylvania, Ste 6Fort Worth817-731-7107 TOWARDS HEALING3916 NE 28th StFort Worth817-274-8272 NORTH TEXAS ADDICTIONS COUNSELING AND EDUCATION304 W. Cannon PkwyFort Worth817-332-7165 MHMR Community Addiction Treatment Services (CATS)1518 E. Lancaster, Suite BFort Worth817- 569-5360 NORTH SIDE SERVICES2011 ProspectFort Worth817-237-4188 NORTH SIDE SERVICES3250 Pecos StFort Worth817-237-4188 ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR COUNSELING3619 Byers AvenueFort Worth817-228-6261 MHMR OF TARRANT COUNTY – ADDICTION RECOVERY CENTER129 Harmon RdHurst817- 569-5750 BEE SERVICES, INC. 1225 Precinct Line Rd Suite FHurst682-438-8665 ADDICTIVE DISEASE EDUCATION CENTER1225 Precinct Line RoadHurst817-558-9073 TOWARDS HEALING136 N. Main Street, Suite 115Irving817-274-8272 SUBSTANCE ABUSE GUIDANCE AND EDUCATION8401 Jacksboro Hwy. , Lakeside Plaza, Suite 306Lakeside817-238-9911 BEE SERVICES, INC. 2220 Coit Road #400Plano214-458-5000 A. L. TURNER ACADEMIC INTERVENTION5068 W. Plano Parkway, Suite 300Plano214-668-6610 BEE SERVICES, INC. 970 N. Coit RoadRichardson214-458-5000 SUBSTANCE ABUSE GUIDANCE AND EDUCATION114 S. Main Street, Suites 105 & 106Weatherford817-598-9196 What is Long ACC? A Long ACC (Anger Control Counseling) Course typically involves multiple one-hour sessions over the course of weeks. While each course provider is different, this often takes 8-12 weeks to complete. What is Short ACC? A Short ACC (Anger Control Counseling) Course is usually a one-day anger management course that can be completed in six to eight hours. Be sure to check with your attorney before taking... > Injury to a Child in Texas is codified in Penal Code 22.04 and covers any mental state and both bodily injury and serious bodily injury. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/child-injury/ Injury to a Child in Texas: Penal Code 22. 04 In Texas, injury to a child is a serious felony offense that can stem from minor bruises to unexplained death. These charges are extremely serious and can result in prison time, loss of child custody, and negative media coverage. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the complexities of these cases and are here to provide expert legal guidance. What Constitutes Injury to a Child in Texas? Injury to a child is defined in Section 22. 04 of the Texas Penal Code. An individual commits this offense if they intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, cause to a child: Serious bodily injury; Serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or Bodily injury. Under this statute, a child is defined as a person 14 years of age or younger. Understanding the Mental States in Injury to a Child Cases The mental state of the accused plays a crucial role in determining the severity of the charge. Let's break down these mental states: Intentionally This means the person consciously desired to cause the injury or was aware that the injury was reasonably certain to occur as a result of their conduct. Knowingly A person acts knowingly when they are aware that their conduct is reasonably certain to cause the injury. Recklessly Reckless behavior involves consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that injury will occur. Criminal Negligence This involves failing to perceive a substantial and unjustifiable risk that injury will occur. The risk must be of such a nature that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care an ordinary person would exercise. Punishment for Injury to a Child in Texas The punishment for injury to a child varies based on the severity of the injury and the mental state of the accused: Level of Injury Mental State Level of Offense Bodily Injury Negligently State Jail Felony Bodily Injury Recklessly State Jail Felony Bodily Injury Intentionally or knowingly Third Degree Serious Bodily Injury Negligently State Jail Felony Serious Bodily Injury Recklessly Second Degree Serious Bodily Injury Intentionally or knowingly First Degree Injury to a Child by Omission Unlike most offenses, injury to a child can be charged due to failure to perform certain duties. This is known as injury by omission. For a person to be charged with injury to a child by omission, they must have: A legal or statutory duty to act; or Assumed care, custody, or control of a child. Examples of injury to a child by omission include: A parent failing to seek medical attention for an injured child A caregiver not providing necessary food or water to a child A parent failing to protect their child from abuse by another person Understanding "Care, Custody, or Control" in Injury to a Child Cases The Texas Penal Code provides a specific definition for "care, custody, or control" in the context of injury to a child cases. A person is considered to have assumed care, custody,... > Sexual assault of a minor can be alleged a number of ways in Texas. Learn about the possible defenses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/ Child sex abuse charges in Texas carry some of the most severe penalties in the criminal justice system. These accusations can result in prison sentences ranging from 2 years to life in prison, mandatory sex offender registration, and permanent damage to your reputation and relationships. If you or someone you love has been accused, contact an experienced sex crimes defense attorney immediately. We defend sexual assault of a minor charges aggressively. Cases involving allegations of child sexual abuse are often prosecuted on the word of the child alone. Texas law does not require medical evidence, DNA, or any other scientific corroboration to support these charges. An accusation alone can lead to an arrest, indictment, and trial. What Are the Child Sex Abuse Charges in Texas? Texas recognizes several distinct offenses involving allegations of sexual abuse against children. Each charge carries different elements, penalties, and consequences. Understanding what you're facing is the first step in building a defense. Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child This offense applies when there are allegations of at least two acts of sexual abuse against a child over a period greater than 30 days. Under Texas Penal Code Section 21. 02, the accused must be at least 17 years old, and the alleged victim must be younger than 14. The two acts do not need to be against the same child. Continuous sexual abuse of a child is a first-degree felony punishable by 25 years to life in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) and up to a $10,000 fine. A conviction requires lifetime sex offender registration. Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Aggravated sexual assault of a child occurs when someone allegedly commits sexual assault against a child younger than 14. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 021, qualifying acts include sexual intercourse, penetration by any means, and genital-to-genital contact. This first-degree felony carries a minimum sentence of 5 years to life in prison. However, if the child was younger than 6, or if serious bodily injury occurred, the minimum increases to 25 years. Multiple allegations can result in "stacked" sentences served consecutively. Sexual Assault of a Child Sexual assault of a child involves allegations of sexual conduct with a child younger than 17 years of age. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 011, this second-degree felony carries 2 to 20 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. A conviction requires lifetime sex offender registration. Indecency with a Child by Contact This charge applies when someone allegedly engages in sexual contact with a child younger than 17 with the intent to arouse or gratify any person's sexual desire. Sexual contact includes touching of the anus, breast, or genitals. Indecency with a child by contact is a second-degree felony (2-20 years in prison) requiring lifetime sex offender registration. Indecency with a Child by Exposure This offense involves allegations that someone exposed their genitals or anus to a child younger than 17 with intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire, or caused a child... > A misdemeanor can be punished by a fine or up to a year in county jail. Call a Fort Worth misdemeanor lawyer for help. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/ Fort Worth Misdemeanor Lawyer In Texas, there are two types of classifications of crimes: misdemeanors and felonies. Misdemeanor crimes are punishable by fines and a stint in the local jail, while felonies carry prison sentences. Even though felonies are more serious, misdemeanors can definitely reek havoc on your life and livelihood. That’s why it’s important to contact a Fort Worth misdemeanor lawyer if you have been accused of committing any type of misdemeanor offense. At Varghese Summersett, we aggressively defend people accused of both misdemeanor and felony crimes in North Texas. If you or a loved one is facing any charge, call today to speak to an experienced lawyer to find out how we can help you. Below are some answers to some frequently asked questions regarding misdemeanors in Texas How are Misdemeanors Classified in Texas? Misdemeanor offenses fall into one of three categories in Texas: Class C, Class B or Class A. They are punishable by: Class C – a maximum $500 fine. Class B – up to 180 days in the county jail and a maximum $2,000 fine Class A – up to a year in the county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine What are Examples of Misdemeanor Offenses in Texas? This is not an exhaustive list, but misdemeanor offenses in Texas include: Assault Boating While Intoxicated Burglary of a Coin Operating Machine Burglary of a Vehicle Criminal Mischief Criminal Trespass Cruelty to Animals Deadly Conduct Delivery of Marijuana Discharge of Firearm in Certain Municipalities Disorderly Conduct Drug-Free Zones DWI & DUI Electronic Transmission of Certain Visual Material Depicting a Minor Enticing a Child False Alarm or Report Falsification of Drug Test Results Harassment Harboring Runaway Child Hoax Bombs Indecent Exposure Interference with Emergency Telephone Calls Keeping a Gambling Place Leaving a Child in a Vehicle Obscene Display or Distribution Obstructing Highway or Other Passageway Online Impersonation Organized Retail Theft Public Lewdness Theft of Service Terrorist Threat Unlawful Carrying of Handgun by License Holder Unlawful Carrying Weapons Violation of Protective Order What is a Class A Misdemeanor? A Class A misdemeanor is the most serious type of misdemeanor offense in Texas. It is punishable by up to one year in county jail and up to a $4,000 fine. A Class A misdemeanor can be enhanced based on a prior Class A or greater conviction, which makes the charge punishable by confinement from 90 days up to one year in jail. It does not matter how old a prior adult offense is, it can still be used for enhancement. Common Class A Misdemeanors in Fort Worth include: Assault Causing Bodily Injury Assault Causing Bodily Injury – Family Member Driving While Intoxicated Misdemeanor Repetition Driving While Intoxicated BAC >/= . 15 Evading Arrest Theft 750-2500 Resisting Arrest Can You Get Probation for a Class A Misdemeanor? Probation and deferred adjudication may be options for individuals charged with a Class A misdemeanor. A person charged with a Class A misdemeanor can be placed on probation or deferred for an initial... > If your child is accused of an offense but never before been in trouble, they may be eligible for Tarrant County's Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation program. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-deferred-prosecution-probation/ What Is Tarrant County’s Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation Program? Tarrant County’s Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation Program When a juvenile has been accused of an offense but has never before been in trouble, they may be eligible for Tarrant County’s Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation program. This program is an alternative to seeking a formal adjudication of delinquent conduct or conduct in need of supervision. Tarrant County’s Juvenile DPP program is a form of informal probation that addresses an offense outside of a courtroom and gives the juvenile a chance to prove it was a one-time offense through a supervision program. If completed, the offense is dismissed, and there is no juvenile record. Texas law allows prosecutors to place any child aged 10 to 16 on deferred prosecution in any case, except for some alcohol-related offenses. A juvenile record can wreak havoc on your child’s life, and the childhood blemish could continue to cause problems into adulthood, including school admissions and employment. An experienced juvenile defense attorney can ensure your child has the best options available and work to get them into deferred prosecution probation. Varghese Summersett’s Lisa Herrick is one of only three Board Certified juvenile attorneys in Tarrant County, and she is here to fight for your child. How does Tarrant County’s juvenile deferred prosecution probation work? The juvenile is supervised by a probation officer and has conditions they must abide by during the program, but the juvenile is not serving formal probation. The conditions, however, are similar to normal probation, which includes attending school, remaining offense-free, and obeying parental curfews. Some cases include counseling or restitution. If the juvenile is successful in the program, the case is closed, no charges will be filed, and no adjudication will appear on their record. When a juvenile joins the program, the prosecution against them stops. No guilty plea is required to be accepted for the program. How long is Tarrant County’s juvenile deferred prosecution probation program? Texas Family Code limits deferred prosecution probation to no longer than a year. Typically, Tarrant County DPP cases last from three to six months, but the program can be extended for up to six additional months. When in the process does Tarrant County offer juvenile deferred prosecution? The Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation program in Tarrant County can be offered at various points in the process. The four primary moments when the program is offered are: During intake: The intake probation officer can offer the program to eligible juveniles during the intake appointment. If accepted, the supervision begins, and the case won’t be sent to the prosecutor. From the prosecutor: After a case is referred to the district attorney, the DA can decide to offer the program. If accepted, the case is returned to the juvenile probation department, and supervision begins. From the prosecutor after the case is filed: The prosecutor can decide to offer the program after filing the case but before it goes to court. In this instance, the charges are dismissed, and program supervision... > If your child has been accused of a crime in Tarrant County, their case will be heard in Tarrant County 323rd District Court - our juvenile court. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/323rd-district-court/ Tarrant County 323rd District Court | Juvenile Court In Tarrant County, child welfare and juvenile delinquency cases are heard in the 323rd District Court under the authority of Tarrant County Juvenile Board. Tarrant County Juvenile Services (TCJS) is designated by statute to receive law enforcement reports of law violations defined as delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision allegedly committed by juveniles ages 10 through 16. These cases are sent to the 323rd District Court, the Juvenile Court in Tarrant County. Juvenile Defense in Tarrant County If your child is facing a juvenile accusation in Tarrant County, we can help. Lisa Herrick at Varghese Summersett is one of three Board Certified juvenile attorneys in Tarrant County. She’s experienced at defending every level of juvenile offense (including capital murder) in Tarrant County. Both delinquent conduct and conduct indicating a need for supervision is handled through the juvenile system. What is considered delinquent conduct in Tarrant County? Delinquent conduct is classified as Class A and B misdemeanors and felony-grade offenses. What is considered Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision in Tarrant County? Conduct indicating a need for supervision includes Class C misdemeanors transferred from a justice or municipal court and includes public intoxication, truancy, running away, inhalant abuse, and violation of school disciplinary codes that result in expulsion. How is a juvenile offense handled in Tarrant County? Violations of the law that involve crimes against another person, weapons, or felonies are typically sent to the court services unit. The District Attorney’s office decides whether a petition of delinquent conduct will be filed. If the DA files a petition, the case will be filed in the 323rd District Court, and hearings will be held before the District Judge or one of two associate judges. The child involved might be notified to come to the juvenile center to receive a citation for the hearing. If no petition is filed, or if the child is recommended for Deferred Prosecution supervision, they are required to sign paperwork at the probation department. If so, any hearings will be canceled. The parents and the child, however, still have a few steps to make ahead of probation. Each child must be represented by a lawyer during a hearing. The parent or legal guardian is responsible for hiring a lawyer. If not, a request for the appointment of a lawyer can be made by the parent or guardian. Parents, however, should try to retain a lawyer before seeking a court-appointed lawyer. Tarrant County’s 323rd District Judge Alex Kim Alex Kim was elected as Tarrant County’s 323rd District Court Judge in November 2018 and is up for reelection in November 2022. Kim, a Republican, is the son of immigrant parents. He attended Wheaton College in Illinois and graduated from Baylor. He earned his law degree from Texas A&M University in 2006. He worked as an attorney at his own practice until running for office. The Associate Judges under Kim are Cynthia Terry and Andy Porter. Kim’s bailiff is Ed... > Don't let a Fort Worth assault by contact charge ruin your reputation and record. Call for a free consultation with an experienced lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-by-contact/ Fort Worth Assault by Contact Lawyer What is assault by contact? Assault by contact occurs when an individual intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another person when he or she knows or should reasonably believe that the other person will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. Shoving someone, poking them in the chest or spitting on them are common examples of assault by contact. It’s important to point out that there is no requirement for bodily injury to occur in order to be charged with assault by contact. Bodily injury is defined broadly as physical pain, illness, or impairment. For example, if you spit on person during an argument, you could be charged with assault by contact even though no injury occurred since you should have known that spitting on someone is offensive and provocative contact. Assault by contact charges sometimes arise from sporting events when spectators get into it with a referee, athlete or coach. If you or a loved one have been ticketed for Fort Worth assault by contact, it’s important to contact an experienced defense attorney to resolve the case in a manner that will not adversely impact your future. What is required to prove assault by contact? In order to make a case against you for assault by contact, a prosecutor must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the act was done intentionally or knowingly to provoke or offend the victim. “Intentionally” means that the perpetrator desired a certain result and acted in a manner to achieve that result. “Knowingly” means that a perpetrator acted in such a way where he or she should have known his actions were reasonably certain to bring about a certain result. In other words, without proof of intention to offend a victim, a prosecutor cannot win an assault conviction. Accidental offensive acts, such bumping into someone, do not rise to criminal conduct. How is assault by contact punished in Fort Worth? Generally, assault by contact is a Class C Misdemeanor in Texas, which is a ticket punishable by a maximum $500 fine. However, the punishment can be elevated if: the victim is elderly is disabled person; or the actor knows the victim is an athlete or sports official participating in a sporting event at the time of the assault; or the actor assaults the athlete or sports official during his or her performance in an athletic event Edit Misdemeanor Assault by ContactPenaltyPossible Jail TimeMaximum Fine Assault by Threat (verbal threat, no bodily injury)Class C MisdemeanorNone$500 Assault by Contact (physical contact, no bodily injury)Class C MisdemeanorNone$500 Assault by Contact against disabled/elderly personClass A MisdemeanorMax 1 year$4,000 Assault by Contact against sports participantClass B MisdemeanorMax 180 days$2,000 fine https://youtu. be/Q_rrpCs1g98? si=EHZn3NDaEBlOQ5h9 What are possible defenses for a Fort Worth assault by contact case? There are several defenses we can potentially raise for a Fort Worth assault by contact case. As mentioned before, we can possibly attack the elements of the charge, arguing that the defendant had no intent to provoke... > Laura Richardson is an Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call (817) 900-3220 to speak with an experienced Fort Worth divorce lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/laura-richardson/ Laura Richardson Of Counsel Laura Richardson is Of Counsel for Varghese Summersett. She works on select cases and she is committed to guiding individuals and families through some of life’s greatest challenges. Laura’s experience, compassion, and strong work ethic are the foundation of her success as a top Fort Worth family law attorney. Laura has significant experience handling a wide range of family law matters, including high-asset divorce, contentious child custody disputes, and complex property and debt division. She is a zealous advocate for her clients, whether in the courtroom or at the negotiating table. She will leave no stone unturned in pursuit of the best possible outcome. Laura’s tenacity and legal acumen stems, in part, from her upbringing in Westchester County in New York. The daughter of two corporate attorneys, it was clear early on that Laura was destined to follow her parents into the legal profession. After graduating from Dartmouth College, she attended the University of Virginia School of Law, where she received her law degree in 2012. After law school, Laura moved to Chicago where she began practicing in the debt finance group of a large law firm. Realizing that her true passion was helping people through difficult times, Laura made the switch to family law. She worked in the family law arena in Key West, Florida, before moving to North Texas. Along the way, Laura also worked as a journalist and owned her own business in Key West – occupations that only further solidified her skills as an advocate and a problem-solver. Her ultimate goal is to help her clients move on to the next chapter of their lives with as much peace and positivity as possible. When Laura is not advocating for her clients, she enjoys spending time with her husband and their two dogs, Max and Kal. She also loves softball, traveling, and reading. Fun Fact: Laura is fluent in Italian. Education University of Virginia School of Law, Juris Doctorate, 2012 Dartmouth College, Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Italian, 2009 Practice Areas High Asset, Complex Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Property Division Spousal Maintenance Divorce Temporary Orders Child Custody, Support and Modification Child Visitation, Possession and Access CPS Safety Plans and Removal of Children Paternity Grandparents Rights Protective Orders Enforcement of Existing Orders Adoptions Honors, Awards Memberships Rising Star, Super Lawyers, 2024, 2025 Top Lawyer, Southlake Style, 2025 The Best Lawyers in America, 2024 Top Attorney, 360 West, 2022-2025 Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2022-2025 Member, State Bar of Texas Member, State Bar of Texas Family Law Section Member, Tarrant County Family Bar Association Dartmouth Lawyers Association Awards / Accolades Languages English & Italian > Where can I take a BIPP Class in Tarrant County? BIPP Tarrant County | Battering Intervention and Prevention Program - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/bipp-tarrant-county/ BIPP Tarrant County What is BIPP (Battering Intervention and Prevention Program)? The Battering Intervention and Prevention Program provides attendees the tools to change the power dynamic within an intimate relationship from one that is destructive to one that is productive. Battery within an intimate relationship often stems from anger and an incorrect belief that violence or control is a healthy or acceptable way to resolve issues. BIPP is often recommended for misdemeanor family violence cases, felony family violence cases, and choking or strangulation cases. What are the Battering Intervention and Prevention Program Topics? The topics covered in BIPP include: non-violence non-threatening behavior respect support and trust honesty and accountability sexual respect partnership negotiation and fairness Participating in the program will help a person establish non-aggressive attitudes and response while developing strategies to maintain nonviolent behavior. What happens in a Battering Intervention and Prevention Program Course? If your attorney has requested that you complete a state-approved Batterer’s Intervention and Prevention Program or BIPP, below is a list of courses for you to choose from. BIPP generally involves a face-to-face Evaluation, Orientation, and On-Going Group Sessions. BIPP is not an anger management program. The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides for an accreditation process for Battering Intervention and Prevention Programs (BIPPs). These classes are recommended for individuals who are accused of committing family violence but are also often a condition of probation or parole in family violence cases. BIPP is designed to make the abuser aware of their behavior, recognize there is no excuse for abusive behavior, and ensure the safety of family violence victims and their children. BIPP Classes Search: County Program Name Address Telephone Tarrant Recovery Communities 8701 Bedford Euless Road, Suite 600, Hurst, TX, 76053 877-257-2282 Tarrant Safehaven of Tarrant County 401 W. Sanford, Suite 1400, Arlington, TX 78011 817-548-0583 Tarrant ANIMO Education and Counseling 990 N. Cooper Arlington, TX 76011 817-274-3983 Tarrant Center for Therapeutic Change (change from The Polo Group) 605 E. Border St. , Arlington, TX 76010 817-548-9990 Tarrant Opportunities Counseling Center, Inc. 601 University Drive; Ste. 105 Fort Worth, TX 76107 817-360-2983 Parker STAR Council on Substance Abuse 239 S. Virginia Street, Stephenville, TX 76401 254-965-5515 Denton Bedrock Counseling, PLLC 575 N. Valley Parkway, Suite 230, Lewisville, TX 75067 940-442-4947 Denton Denton Friends of the Family 4845 South I-35 East, Corinth, TX 76227 940-387-5131 Denton First Step Denton County Outreach Program 1406 N. Corinth Street, Suite 401, Corinth, TX 76208 940-497-5576 Dallas Lankford Counseling Agency (Lankford LUUP) 3010 Morgan Drive, Dallas, TX 75241 214-563-1995 Dallas New Beginning Center 218 N. 10th St. Garland, TX 75040 972-276-0151 Dallas New Vision Social Services 2606 MLK Jr Blvd, Suite 218, Dallas, TX 75215 817-726-9233 Dallas Opportunities Counseling Center, Inc. 517 Carrier Parkway, Suite H, Grand Prairie, TX 75050 817-360-2983 Dallas Opportunities Counseling Center, Inc. 1111 W. Mockingbird Ln. , Suite 815, Dallas, TX 75247 817-360-2983 Dallas Recovery Communities 3116 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd Dallas, TX, 75215 877-257-2282 Dallas Path to Righteousness Ministries (PRM) BIPP 3815 N. Town... > Our attorneys could help if you were charged with Texas Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse. Call us today to learn more about your legal options. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-felony-lawyer/credit-debit-card-abuse/ Credit And Debit Card Abuse In Fort Worth Credit and debit cards are a convenient way to make purchases, pay bills, and ensure you always has purchasing power on hand. Additionally, technology allows consumers to input their credit and debit card information directly into their smart devices to make purchases. With this convenience, comes the potential for fraudulent activity. There are several ways an individual might engage in credit card or debit card abuse in Fort Worth, which is a felony offense. Fraudulent Use of Cards Credit and debit card abuse can occur when a person uses a card that doesn’t belong to them intending to purchase goods or services fraudulently. Credit or debit card fraud also occurs when a person, with intent to obtain a benefit, fraudulently uses a card that has been expired, revoked, or canceled. Credit and debit card abuse does not require the actual, physical card. Using the card number, with or without the physical card in hand, is sufficient. Using a fake credit card or a fraudulently acquired credit card is also a violation of the law. See Texas Penal Code Section 32. 31. Key Provisions Under Texas Law (Texas Penal Code Section 32. 31): Unauthorized Use: It is illegal to use a credit or debit card without the owner's consent. This includes cases where the card has been stolen, lost, or obtained with the intention of defrauding the card issuer or a merchant. Using Expired or Cancelled Cards: Texas law prohibits the use of credit or debit cards that the holder knows have been canceled or have expired. This also applies to using a card while aware that the account does not have sufficient funds to cover the transaction. Possession of Another’s Card: Simply possessing someone else's credit or debit card without their permission, with the intent to use, sell, or transfer it, also constitutes credit card abuse. Selling or Buying Card Information: The law also covers the sale or purchase of credit or debit card information without the cardholder’s and card issuer’s consent, reflecting the rise in digital forms of credit card fraud. Fraudulent Production or Possession of Card Details: It is illegal to possess equipment or materials to produce counterfeit credit or debit cards, or to possess such counterfeit cards themselves. Other Types of Financial Abuse A person can also be prosecuted for receiving a benefit knowing it was obtained through credit and debit card abuse. Stealing a credit or debit card with the intent to either use it, sell it, or give it to someone else, even if it is never used, is also considered credit or debit card abuse. Buying and selling credit cards and debit cards are also illegal if the seller is not a bona fide card issuer. Even possessing a credit or debit card that belongs to someone else, with the intent to use it, is a crime. Consequences of Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse in Fort Worth This offense is a state jail felony unless... > While there is no state law prohibiting panhandling in Texas, many cities have ordinances banning the practice. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/panhandling/ Panhandling in Fort Worth While there is no statewide prohibition against panhandling in Texas, publicly asking for money or assistance can be illegal under certain circumstances - specifically, if it considered "aggressive. " Many cities have enacted ordinances that prohibit panhandling in certain forms which can be punished as a misdemeanor. What are the Types of Panhandling in Texas? The First Amendment prohibits an outright ban of all panhandling, so cities have crafted ordinances they hope will withstand scrutiny. For instance, the City of Fort Worth prohibits solicitation, begging, and panhandling when: the solicitor is using violent or threatening gestures; the solicitor continues after having been told no; the solicitor blocks the passages of vehicles or pedestrians; people are standing in line for tickets, entry into a building, or waiting in line for any other purpose; soliciting from anyone less than 16 years old the solicitor is within 20 feet of: an ATM a bank entrance a parking meter a public parking garage a marked crosswalk an entrance of a commercial or government building etc. Many cities across Texas have similar ordinances, including: Dallas: Sec. 31-35. Solicitation by Coercion San Antonio: Sec. 21-29 Aggressive Solicitation Houston: Sec. 28-46 Aggressive Panhandling What is the Punishment for Violating a Panhandling Ordinance? The punishment for aggressive panhandling is usually a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. For example, violating panhandling ordinances in Fort Worth, Dallas, San Antonio and Houston can result in a fine of up to $500 or community service. Criminal consequences aside, giving money to panhandlers raises other concerns: Are the panhandlers who you see downtown or on Lancaster Street in Fort Worth truly in need - or are they taking advantage of visitors and couples out on dates? As someone who has participated in the annual homeless count, I can tell you that the truly needy are often far from the public eye. What can you do to help? What Can You Do to Help Panhandlers in Fort Worth? In 2018, a group of civic and business organizations and the city of Fort Worth launched a public education campaign designed to cut down on panhandling and help people out of homelessness. The campaign, dubbed "A Better Way to Offer Change," encourages people who would normally give a panhandler change to instead donate money via a text message to the Tarrant County Homeless Coalition. The money can help people pay housing application fees or buy a bus ticket or motel vouches for stranded people. (Text GIVETCHS or FWCHANGE to 41444 to give now. ) Defending Panhandling Charges in Fort Worth If you were charged with panhandling in Fort Worth, it's important to talk to an attorney to ensure that your rights are protected and understand the best way to proceed. > A host of sexual offenses are prosecuted federally and can carry up to a life sentence. For an aggressive federal defense, call Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/sex-crimes/ Fort Worth Federal Sex Crimes Lawyer In the United States, most sex crimes are handled by state prosecutors. However, in cases where illegal sex acts cross state lines - either in person or electronically - federal authorities will take jurisdiction. Being accused of a federal sex crime is extremely serious and your freedom could be in jeopardy. If you have been accused of committing a federal sex crime, it is imperative that you contact a seasoned defense attorney who is experienced in handling federal sex cases immediately. Our Fort Worth federal sex crime lawyers have years of experience handling these types of cases and understand the gravity and complexity of the charges. When the stakes are high, you cannot leave anything to chance. You must retain the best legal defense possible. What Are Common Types of Federal Sex Crimes? Federal sex crimes cover a variety of illegal acts and many involve children. They include but are not limited to: Sexual Exploitation of Children – Child Pornography Buying or Selling a Minor Sex Trafficking Aggravated Sexual Abuse Sexual Exploitation of Children Sexual exploitation of children refers to the production, distribution or receipt of child pornography. Federal authorities take these cases extremely seriously and the punishment can be severe. For example, a conviction for production of child pornography starts at 15 years behind bars. Selling or Buying a Minor Under 18 U. S. C. § 2251A, selling or buying a child to engage in sexually explicit conduct is a grave charge that carries a maximum punishment of life in prison. Sex Trafficking Under 18 U. S. C. §1591, using force, fraud or coercion to compel a person under 18 to engage in commercial sex acts constitutes sex trafficking. A defendant convicted of sex trafficking can face up to life in prison. Human trafficking is closely related to sex trafficking but is not the same offense. Human trafficking uses force, fraud or coercion to compel a person to perform labor (not sex)This crime is considered modern day slavery and carries a punishment range from 20 years to life depending on the facts and circumstances. Aggravated Sexual Abuse When an individual crosses the state line with the intent to engage in a sex act with a child between ages 12 and 16, they can be charged with federal aggravated sexual abuse and can face up to life in prison. Defendants can also be charged with this federal offense for a variety of other illegal acts, including using force, threats or kidnapping against a victim. Penalties for Federal Sex Crimes Federal crimes typically carry tougher penalties than state crimes. In the federal system, defendants are often sentenced in accordance Federal Sentencing Guidelines. The more severe the crime, the more severely it will be punished. The amount of exposure goes up depending on whether it was premeditated, violent or sadistic. If you have been accused of a federal sex crime, our attorneys can help you understand the potential consequences of the charge you are facing. We... > Understanding False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit in Texas. Our Fort Worth criminal defense lawyer explains the charge an defenses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/false-statement/ False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit Pursuant to Penal Code 32. 32, it is a criminal offense to intentionally or knowingly make a false statement to obtain property or credit. The most important elements of Making a False or Misleading Statement to Obtain Credit are 1) the act of making a materially false statement and 2) making the statement with the intent to obtain the property or credit. Actually obtaining the property or the credit is not an element of the offense. Therefore a person can make a material false without getting money or property and still be charged with this offense while: applying for a loan; endorsing or guaranteeing a loan; applying for a line of credit; applying for a credit card; or applying for a mortgage loan. Texas courts have upheld this lack of acquisition of property. See Jones v. State, 323 S. W. 3d 885, 889 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)(holding the offense is complete once the written deceptive statement to obtain credit was made). What is the Difference between Theft and False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit? Making a false statement to obtain credit is generally considered a white collar crime and is distinguishable from theft. Theft requires the appropriation of property. Making a false statement to obtain credit does not. This gives prosecutors an additional tool to go after offenses that do not become theft charges. The availability of this charge does not preclude federal prosecutors from pressing charges for offenses such as mortgage fraud or wire fraud. How are Making a False or Misleading Statement to Obtain Credit case charged? Since the elements of the offense are so simple, prosecutors could add a count for every false or misleading statement that is material within the application or written statement. For example, if a potential borrower inflates the value of his checking and savings account on a loan application, that could give rise two separate counts of False Statement to Obtain Property or Credit even though those statements were made within the same loan application. See Jones v. State, 323 S. W. 3d 885 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010) (Each materially false or misleading statement” constitutes a separate offense. ) Building a Defense Against Allegations of Making a False Statement to Obtain Credit in Fort Worth The level of an offense for making a false or misleading statement to obtain credit in Fort Worth is determined by the value of the loan or property at issue. To learn more, call an attorney for assistance. > Here are some information about drug testing and locations you can take a drug test for your court case in Tarrant County. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/drug-tests/ Where Can I Take a Drug Test in Tarrant County? Where Can I Take a Drug Test in Tarrant County? If you are charged with a drug related crime in Tarrant County, you may be asked at some point to provide proof that you are drug free. The list of places you can take a drug test are are at the bottom of this page. There are two primary circumstances under which you would be required to submit clean drug test results by providing them to your attorney: diversion programs & attorney recommendation. Diversion Programs If you are a first time offender and under the age of 24, you may be eligible for application to the deferred prosecution program. Currently, a requirement for defendants with pending drug cases is that you submit two clean drug tests results. One clean drug test result is due with your application to the DPP program, and an additional clean result is due the day of your interview. Attorney Recommendation If your attorney is seeking to work out a favorable plea bargain in your case or is preparing you for trial, you may be asked to provide one or several clean drug test results. If you are asked to provide multiple results, it is standard that these results are dated one month apart. Your ability to provide clean specimens over time shows that your pending case has caught your attention, and you are ready to abstain from illegal drug use in the future. In either instance, if you have been asked to take a drug test, you may be wondering where to get one, how much they cost, and how you receive the results. Below you find answers to common questions related to court ordered drug testing. What Kind of Drug Test Do I Need? You must go to a professional laboratory to have your drug test administered. Home tests which can be purchased at drug stores, grocery stores, or online are not acceptable. Commercial labs are accustomed to administering 5 panel urine tests, but your attorney may ask you to take a different test under certain circumstances. This type of test will indicate the recent use of five types of drugs: marijuana (THC), cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines and opiates. How Much Does a Drug Test Cost? You can expect to pay around $50 for a basic drug test. How Do I Get My Results? Many labs which administer large quantities of drug tests have the ability to provide results the same day or within a business day. Other labs require 3-5 business days to process your test. Make sure to contact the lab you intend to use in advance if you will need same day results. Ask for your lab test results to be faxed to your attorney as well. Our fax number is (817) 203-2220. Where Can I Take a Drug Test in Tarrant County? AnyLabTest Now 4645 Matlock Rd. , Ste. 103 Arlington, TX 76018 817-784-0100 1060 N. Main St. , Ste. 101A... > If you have been arrested in Wise County for a serious offense, we are here to help. Learn more about our Wise County Criminal Defense Attorneys. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/wise-county/ Wise County Criminal Courts | Wise County Criminal Defense Attorney If you have been arrested for a felony offense or a non-traffic misdemeanor offense in Wise County, your case will be heard at the Wise County Criminal Courthouse located at 101 Trinity Street, Decatur, Texas. Wise County Criminal Courts and Judges Court Judge Phone Number County Court at Law No. 1 101 N. Trinity County Courthouse, Suite 300 Decatur, Texas 76234 Melton Cude Docket (940) 627-5005 County Court at Law No. 2 Wise County Annex Building at 1007 13th Street, Suite 109 Bridgeport, Texas 76426 Stephen J. Wren Docket (940) 683-0268 271st Judicial District John Fostel Cathy Cortez, Court Coordinator Docket (940) 627-3200 Justice of the Peace, Precinct 1 Jan Morrow (940) 626-2694 Justice of the Peace, Precinct 2 Craig Johnson (940) 626-4206 Justice of the Peace, Precinct 3 Mandy Hopkins Hays (940) 433-2969 Justice of the Peace, Precinct 4 Clay Poynor (940) 683-4244 County Clerk’s Office (940) 627-3351 District Clerk’s Office (940) 627-5535 County Attorney James Stainton (940) 627-3321 District Attorney Greg Lowery (940) 627-5257 Wise County Criminal Defense Attorneys If you have been arrested for a serious criminal offense in Wise County, call Varghese Summersett PLLC at (817) 203-2220 or contact us online. > At Varghese Summersett, we are more than just a team. We're a family. Hear first-hand why the attorneys and staff love working at this fast-paced, modern law firm. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/careers/ Career Opportunities We are a close-knit group at Varghese Summersett PLLC. We hire the best so we can provide our clients with unparalleled legal services. We also take great satisfaction in providing a really great place to work - somewhere our folks are happy to come in every day. At Varghese Summersett, we distinguish ourselves as a different kind of law firm. We're not stuffy or old-fashioned - we're forward-thinking and modern. We're a team of legal professionals who are passionate about our work and committed to providing the best possible service to our clients. We're also pretty good at having fun - after all, we believe that life is too short to spend it working in a job that you don't love! https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=zecF3tv3ODw Current Positions Open Personal Injury Lawyer Family Lawyer Family Law Paralegal Criminal Defense Attorney Client Experience Representative Law Student Intern We believe that professional success is enhanced by a rich personal life, and we encourage every member of our firm to enjoy their personal and family lives, and to be active locally and in philanthropic efforts. We are always looking for the best people to add to our team. Learn About Working at Varghese Summersett What You Should Know Before You Apply https://youtu. be/f7Uek6vYlpY Why People Love Working at Varghese Summersett https://youtu. be/MroXuzex5Gs Who Might Not Be a Good Fit at Varghese Summersett https://youtu. be/55s77SQrhpQ What It Is Like Working at Varghese Summersett https://youtu. be/BkPknoJ3tJc Personal Injury Lawyer We are looking for an experienced Personal Injury Attorney who is dedicated to pursuing exceptional results for clients going through some of the most difficult times of their lives. We are known for our focus on the client journey and relentless pursuit of justice. We are passionate about holding individuals and corporations accountable for their wrongs. You might be a good fit if you are: A self-starter; Adept with technology; A superior researcher and writer; Highly proficient at managing a busy docket; A team player who works well in a collaborative environment; Committed to an exceptional level of service; Competitive; and Experienced in trial, depositions, and handling significant wrongful death and victim’s rights matters. We are generally looking for someone with about four years of experience in personal injury, although we might consider a little less or considerably more. If you are not already Board Certified, we would expect you to have a realistic pathway to become Board Certified in the next few years. Core Responsibilities As a personal injury attorney at Varghese Summersett, you will handle cases from intake through pre-litigation to litigation. Specific tasks include: Pre-Litigation: Manage all phases of personal injury cases from intake to settlement. Conduct legal research and provide comprehensive answers based on the facts of the case and applicable law. Draft legal documents, including complaints, discovery requests, motions, and briefs. Perform detailed case investigations to ascertain liability and quantify damages. Represent clients in settlement conferences and mediation. Ensure clients remain well-informed on the progress of their cases. Litigation: Superior... > Extradition is a complex process in which a person accused of a crime is surrendered to another county or state. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/extradition/ Extradition: What Happens When You Have A Fugitive Hold? Extradition: Understanding the Extradition Process Despite being a common occurrence, few people (even attorneys) understand what happens when a fugitive hold is placed on a person, making them subject to being held for extradition to another state. What is an Extradition? The term "extradition" means the transfer of a person to another jurisdiction based on the allegation a crime occurred in that jurisdiction. Extradition includes the right to have a hearing to determine whether or not a transfer should occur. What does it mean to waive extradition? "Waiving extradition" means giving up the right to that hearing and agreeing to be transferred to the demanding jurisdiction. Extradition Laws Extradition has underpinnings in our Constitution. Article IV, Section 2, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution provides: A person charged in any state with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another state, shall on demand of the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the state having jurisdiction of the crime. This is further developed through the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act which governs state-to-state extraditions. Under federal law (18 USC 3182, the "Extradition Act") any state or territory can demand a person from another state or territory with an indictment certified by the governor of the demanding state from which the person allegedly fled. It is then the responsibility of the demanding state to send an agent to the asylum state to get the fugitive within 30 days. If the agent does not arrive, the prisoner "may" be released. Most states provide additional time for prisoners to be extradited, typically 60 more days. In Texas, you can find the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act in Chapter 51 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. It is more narrow than the federal law in some ways, and broader in others. It is somewhat more limited than the federal statute in that it addresses only felonies or treason charges from other states, not misdemeanors. In another way, it is broader than the federal statute in that an indictment is not required to hold a person as fugitive. When is a Person Generally Subject to Extradition? Fugitives First - based on an allegation that the person is accused (but not convicted) of a crime in another state. As discussed above, this is covered by the Uniform Criminal Extradition Act (UCEA). These individuals are generally called fugitives from justice. This term can be confusing because the wanted person likely has no idea that the demanding state wants them. They would not no notice of a warrant and in some cases they may not know they've even been investigated. Think of the term "fugitive" as a legal fiction that allows one state to hold a person lawfully for another state based on that other state's request which alleges a law was violated. Parole and Probation Violaters Second - based on an alleged... > Jury sequestration is rare, but judges may order it in sensational, high-profile criminal trials. Find out why. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/jury-sequestration/ Jury Sequestration: What Is It And What’s The Purpose? Although it is rare, judges sometimes choose to sequester, or isolate, a jury in high-profile criminal trials. Basically, the jurors are kept away from other people and outside influences for the duration of the trial. In this article, we will explain jury sequestration and answer common questions about the process, including the advantages and disadvantages of sequestering a jury. What is jury sequestration? Jury sequestration is the process of keeping all members of the jury away from the public and press during a trial. Sequestered jurors are typically put up in a hotel and are not allowed to watch television, read newspapers, or use social media. They may have limited use of their phones, but only under the watchful eyes of bailiffs or court personnel. They are also not allowed to discuss the case with anyone except for their fellow jurors – and only then when it is time to deliberate. Why do judges sequester jurors? The purpose of sequestration is to protect the jury from outside influences and ensure that they base their verdict solely on the evidence presented in court. Watching the news, speaking to family or friends, or even overhearing conversations outside the courthouse could impact their ability to make a fair and impartial decision. For example, if a jury were to inadvertently see or hear something about the case outside of court, it could affect their deliberations. What are the disadvantages of sequestering a jury? Sequestration can be stressful to jury members who are away from their family, jobs, and normal daily routines. It is not uncommon for jurors to feel isolated, bored, and anxious while they are sequestered. This is why judges typically try to avoid sequestration whenever possible. In addition, jury sequestration can be quite costly – the hotel expenses and meals can add up quickly. Not to mention, jurors are typically not compensated for their time beyond the standard jury fee. Because of these reasons, sequestering a jury can sometimes be counterproductive. Sequestered jurors may be more likely to rush their deliberations in order to return to their normal lives. They also may be angry and annoyed, making jury deliberations more contentious, rather than amicable. What are the benefits of jury sequestration? Despite the challenges, jury sequestration does have its benefits. It allows jurors to focus solely on the trial without having to worry about outside influences. This can be especially important in high-profile or complex cases where there is a lot of public interest and media coverage. Jury sequestration can also help prevent jury tampering and ensure that jury members do not feel pressure to conform to the majority opinion. How common is jury sequestration? While jury sequestration is not common, it does happen occasionally in high-profile criminal cases. For example, the jury in the O. J. Simpson murder trial was sequestered for nine months. Here’s a look at some other trials in which the jury was sequestered or partially sequestered: Derek Chauvin... > The County Jail Time Credit Calculator allows users to quickly calculate city and county time credits using day-for-day, two-for-one, and three-for-one formulas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/county-jail-time-credit-calculator/ County Jail Time Credit Calculator In Texas, a Sheriff is empowered to provide “good conduct credit” pursuant to Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42. 032. Often this is 2-for-1 credit, although occasionally it is 3-for-1 credit. City time is calculated day-for-day. The calculator below will help you calculate time credits for informational purposes. Understand that time calculations are ultimately up to the Sheriff, but this tool can be used to give you a general idea of what to expect. Time in County Start Date: End Date: Include End Date: Calculate Add City Time Start Date: End Date: Calculate > Stephanie Sabelhaus is a Senior Associate with Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. Call (817) 900-3220 to speak with an experienced Fort Worth divorce lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-06-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/attorneys/stephanie-sabelhaus/ Stephanie Sabelhaus Senior Associate Attorney Stephanie Sabelhaus is a senior associate at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, where she is dedicated to helping clients through some of the most difficult times in their lives. Stephanie understands that family law matters are personal and unique, and she works tirelessly to ensure that her clients’ best interests are always at the forefront. Stephanie has vast experience handling all aspects of family law, including high-conflict divorce, child custody disputes, and complex property divisions. Stephanie is a skilled negotiator and litigator, and she will fight vigorously for her clients both inside and outside of the courtroom. In addition to being a fierce advocate for her clients, Stephanie is also a devoted wife, mother, and daughter who understands the importance of family and perseverance. She grew up in the small town of Murphy, a suburb of Plano where her parents still live in the same house in which she was raised. After graduating from Plano East Senior High School, she went on to attend Texas Tech University. After college graduation, Stephanie spent five years at a medical staffing company before fulfilling her lifelong dream to become an attorney. She received her law degree from Texas A&M University School of Law in 2011 and immediately went to work in the family law arena. Over the past decade, Stephanie has helped hundreds of people through some of life’s biggest challenges, something to which she can relate since she has also been through a divorce. She knows first-hand how difficult and emotional that process can be, but she also knows that there is light at the end of the tunnel. In her free time, Stephanie enjoys spending time with her husband of seven years and their two young children. She also loves tending to her plants. Fun Fact: Stephanie played the oboe and was in her high school’s marching band. Education Texas A&M School of Law (formerly Texas Wesleyan School of Law), Juris Doctor, 2011 Texas Tech University, Bachelor of Business Administration in Marketing, 2003 Practice Areas High Net Worth Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Child Custody, Support, and Modification Property and Asset Division Enforcement of Existing Orders Spousal Support Father’s Rights Grandparent’s Rights Honors, Awards Memberships Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine, 2018-Present Top Attorney, 350 West Magazine, 2024 Member, State Bar of Texas Member, State Bar of Texas Family Law Section Member, Tarrant County Family Bar Association > Remember to use blood alcohol concentration calculators with caution. Even under the best of circumstances, they only provide estimates for your BAC. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-02-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blood-alcohol-concentration-calculator/ Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the percentage of alcohol in your bloodstream, and it is one of the most critical factors in a Texas DWI case. In Texas, the legal BAC limit is 0. 08% for adults 21 and older, 0. 04% for commercial drivers, and 0. 02% for anyone under 21. Below, we provide a BAC calculator based on the Widmark Formula and explain what BAC means for your DWI case. If you've been charged with DWI in North Texas, the BAC number on a test result is not the final word. There are many ways to challenge BAC evidence, and an experienced Fort Worth DWI lawyer can help you fight your charge. Varghese Summersett is a top-rated criminal defense firm with more than 100 years of combined legal experience, 1,600+ dismissals, and 800+ charge reductions. Our team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists and former prosecutors who know how to challenge every piece of evidence in a DWI case, including BAC test results. With four offices across Texas, including Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we defend clients facing DWI charges in Tarrant, Dallas, and surrounding counties. You've Seen Us On Blood Alcohol Concentration Calculator (Widmark Formula) Gender: Male Female Weight (lbs): Beer consumed (ounces): Standard size of beer is 12 ounces. Beer ABV (%): Wine consumed (ounces): A standard glass of wine is 5 ounces. Wine ABV (%): Liquor consumed (ounces): A standard size drink is 1. 5 ounces of liquor. Time since first drink (hours): Time since last drink (hours): Calculate BAC A word of caution: BAC calculators only provide estimates. They cannot account for individual differences in metabolism, body composition, food intake, or medications. Never use a BAC calculator to decide whether it is "safe to drive. " It is always far safer and far less expensive to find another way home than to face a DWI investigation. What Is Blood Alcohol Concentration? Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol in a person's blood. For example, a BAC of 0. 08% means there are 0. 08 grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. Law enforcement uses BAC as a primary indicator of intoxication in DWI investigations. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 01, "intoxicated" means either not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, a controlled substance, or any combination, or having a BAC of 0. 08% or more. This means you can be charged with DWI even if your BAC is below 0. 08%, as long as the officer believes your normal faculties are impaired. Texas Legal BAC Limits Driver Category Legal BAC Limit Charge Level Adults 21 and older 0. 08% Class B Misdemeanor (first offense) BAC of 0. 15% or higher 0. 15% Class A Misdemeanor (enhanced) Commercial drivers 0. 04% Class B Misdemeanor Under 21 0. 02% (any detectable amount) DUI (Class C Misdemeanor) What Is the Widmark Formula? The Widmark Formula is the most widely used method for estimating BAC. Developed by... > Texas has a process that allows for automatic sealing of juvenile records when certain requirements are met. Here's what you need to know about Texas juvenile records. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-records/ Sealing Juvenile Records: When Can They Be Sealed? Everyone deserves a second chance. This is especially true for children, who often must make mistakes – even big ones – to learn valuable lessons about behavior and society. That is why keeping juvenile records as private as possible is a priority for Texas. In this article, our attorneys explain Texas juvenile records, including what they contain, who has access to them, and how to make sure they’re sealed. The good news is some people who have juvenile offenses in their past have their juvenile records automatically sealed on the day they turn 19, provided they meet specific requirements. Texas juvenile records contain documentation filed during a youth’s time in the juvenile justice system. These records pertain to juvenile offenders and proceedings brought under the Juvenile Justice Code. They do not include names of child witnesses or victims, records from municipal or JP courts, or records of non-juveniles. What information is in a Texas juvenile record? Juvenile records typically include: Basic information such as birthdate, home address Reports of arrests, charges, and detention Court documents Disposition status Treatment records Academic records Who has a juvenile record in Texas? Anyone in Texas between ages 10 and 16 has a juvenile record if they have been charged with a Class A or B misdemeanor or any felony offense. The record will be in the county where the offense occurred. If a juvenile is charged with a Class C misdemeanor and the original court transfers the case to a juvenile court, he or she will also have a juvenile record. Finding the Right Juvenile Attorney It’s possible to seal a child’s juvenile record much sooner with the help of an experienced juvenile attorney. If your child has been taken into custody, it’s important to retain an attorney immediately to ensure the child’s Texas juvenile record is sealed. Varghese Summersett's Lisa Herrick is one of only two Board Certified juvenile attorneys in Tarrant County. She is ready to defend your child’s future. When Tarrant County’s Juvenile Court May Not Seal Records Tarrant County’s juvenile court may reject the sealing of juvenile records if the person has: Received a determinate sentence for engaging in serious crimes such as murder, kidnapping, aggravated assault, and aggravated robbery Habitual felony conduct as described by Section 51. 031 Required to register as a sex offender Was committed to Texas Juvenile Justice Department or to a post-adjudication secure facility unless the person has been discharged from TJJD. Who can access Texas juvenile records? Texas juvenile records are confidential, with some significant exceptions. Law enforcement officials, prosecutors, probation and corrections officers, and juvenile justice officials have access to juvenile records that have not been sealed. Sensitive information in juvenile records, including counseling history or drug treatment, is available only to authorized personnel. The exceptions, by Texas law, include: Military personnel, with permission of the juvenile offender Criminal justice agencies Noncriminal justice agency authorized by federal statute or federal executive order to receive juvenile... > Make a payment on your case or on behalf of a client here. All payments are processed through Authorize.net, a very secure payment processor - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/payment/ Payment You can make a payment on your case or on behalf of a client by clicking the button below. All our payments are processed through Authorize. net, which is one of the nation’s largest (and most secure) payment processors. If you are making a payment on behalf of someone else, be sure to use the “Customer ID” field to specify the case or client you are making a payment for. By making a payment on a criminal case, you are agreeing to the terms and conditions below: Terms and Conditions for a Criminal Case By making a payment through this website, you agree to the following conditions: In the event that your case necessitates placement on a contested trial docket, additional legal fees will be required. Additionally, unless otherwise provided for in your engagement letter, this fee does not cover probation adjudication or revocation matters, appellate briefs or appellate oral arguments, post-conviction writs, retrial, or filings for expunction or nondisclosure. The fee in the amount of is to be paid as laid out in the invoice you will receive through the Client Portal. All fees must be paid in full prior to the final disposition of your case. In addition to the legal fee specified above, you are responsible for any expense of your defense. This includes, but is not limited to necessary expert witnesses, criminal investigators, trial exhibit creation, and court costs. Our office will contact you prior to incurring any additional expense. For your records, our tax identification is 46-5110746. This fee payment structure contemplates that such legal fees are earned as paid and therefore non-refundable. Additionally, this fee payment structure contemplates that counsel is available to be retained in these matters but may have to forgo providing services in other cases as a result of this engagement. Finally, nonpayment of these fees shall constitute a basis for withdrawal from further representation. If this is your first payment, please be sure to read, sign, and return the engagement letter before making a payment. Making a deposit through the website indicates your agreement to the conditions outlined in the engagement letter. > When a child is taken into custody, they will undergo a juvenile intake process. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-intake-process/ Texas Juvenile Intake Process: What You Need To Know When a juvenile is accused of committing an offense in Texas, they are not treated like an adult criminal defendant. Although they may be temporarily handcuffed and placed in a police car, they are not hauled off to a stereotypical jail, where they will be searched by a gruff sheriff’s deputy and locked up with other inmates. Juveniles are not “booked into jail. ” That term isn’t even used. Instead, the juvenile justice system in Texas employs a process called juvenile intake. In this article, we will explain the juvenile intake process in Texas and what parents can expect if thier child has been taken into custody. At Varghese Summersett, we have one of the foremost juvenile experts in the state on our team. Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law – one of only three attorneys in Tarrant County who hold this distinction. You will not find a juvenile defense attorney more qualified or experienced than Lisa. You want her at your child’s juvenile intake appointment. What Happens if a Child is Taken into Custody or Accused of a Crime? Each year, tens of thousands of juveniles – that is, youth ages 10 through 16 – are referred to Texas’ juvenile justice system. The case usually begins when someone – school officials, citizens, or parents – contact local law enforcement to report the alleged illegal conduct of a juvenile. After conducting an investigation, if police believe there is probable cause that a juvenile has committed an offense, they can handle it a couple of different ways: Take a child into custody where they will undergo a formal juvenile intake process; Issue a warning notice, directing the child and his or her parents to report to juvenile services for a formal juvenile intake appointment on a specified day and time. What Happens After a Child is Taken into Custody in Texas? If a police officer takes a child into custody, the officer must take the child to a designated juvenile processing office, where they can only be kept for a maximum of six hours by law enforcement. A juvenile processing office is a room in a police station, sheriff’s office, or designated facility used for the temporary detention of a child. It may not be a cell or holding facility used for other types of detentions. A child may only be detained in a juvenile processing office for the following reasons: return of a child to a parent or responsible adult; completion of essential forms and records; photographing and fingerprinting of a child if authorized; issuing a warning to the child as required by law; taking a statement of a child. If a child is not released to a parent or guardian, law enforcement must take the child to the appropriate juvenile detention facility where they will undergo a formal juvenile intake process. In Tarrant County, juveniles are taken to the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center at 2701 Kimbo Road,... > Texas juvenile hearings are open unless the child is under age 14 - or the judge closes the proceedings. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with a juvenile attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-juvenile-hearings/ Juvenile Courts: Are Texas Juvenile Hearings Public? Whether Texas juvenile hearings are open to the public depends on the age of the child. If the child is 14 or older, juvenile hearings are generally open to the public. Under Sec. 54. 08 of the Texas Family Code, however, hearings are usually closed to the public if the child is under the age of 14 at the time of the hearing. A judge can open the hearing for a child under 14 to the public if they find that it’s in the best interest of the child or if they deem the public would be better served by opening the hearing. If juvenile services have detained your child, they need experienced representation as soon as possible. Varghese Summersett’s Lisa Herrick is one of only two lawyers in Tarrant County Board Certified in Juvenile Law – which makes her an expert in this specialized area. Please take a moment to watch Lisa’s video about when the public can attend Texas juvenile hearings. https://youtu. be/nZvoS–YgvM If a certified juvenile stands trial as an adult, are the hearings open to the public? Yes. If a child is certified to stand trial as an adult, they’ll be moved to an adult Texas criminal court. Therefore, the court proceedings would be open to the public. Can a judge close Texas juvenile hearings from the public? Yes. A judge may close Texas juvenile hearings from the public if he or she finds “good cause to exclude the public. ” Texas law doesn’t require juvenile judges to provide a written order or statement explaining their reasoning if they close a hearing. If a juvenile is certified to stand trial as an adult, can a judge close the proceedings? Yes. However, according to U. S. Supreme Court precedent, a judge must hold a hearing to explain their reasoning for closing a criminal proceeding. During the hearing, the judge must allow the media and others to argue against closing a hearing. The judge must ensure that closing the hearing won’t infringe on First Amendment rights or that a criminal defendant’s right to a fair trial is in question. The judge is supposed to consider alternatives to closing the courtroom. A judge could question prospective or seated jurors on whether they’ve been exposed to the prejudicial information at hand, or the judge could sequester the jury. Other alternatives for the judge include changing the venue or using jurors from another area. They could also postpone the trial to let any issues at the moment diminish. If a judge determines no alternatives are available, they must also determine a closed hearing is in the best interest of the defendant. The closure order must be tailored to protect the defendant’s rights without unnecessarily restricting public access. Who is required at Tarrant County juvenile hearings? Each juvenile hearing in Tarrant County requires a judge, an attorney representing the state, and the child, along with their attorney and a parent or guardian. A representative of... > Arrested for keeping a gambling place in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/keeping-a-gambling-place-in-texas/ Keeping A Gambling Place In Texas What is Keeping a Gambling Place in Texas? Keeping a gambling place in Texas is the criminal offense of allowing someone to use the premises for gambling. This offense is commonly used to bust gaming rooms and mom-and-pop gas stations that have gambling machines that give out tokens or tickets that could be exchanged for something of value. Texas has some of the strictest gambling laws in the nation – and the most confusing. While it’s legal to bet on horse races, buy a lottery ticket, or participate in office pools, basically any other semblance of gambling is against the law. This includes operating game rooms with eight-liners or video slot machines that pay out cash prizes. In Texas, keeping a gambling place is a criminal offense. This law was created to help prevent the proliferation of illegal gambling operations in the state. However, some feel this law goes too far and unfairly targets business owners. In North Texas, it is not uncommon for owners of gas stations, truck stops, or convenience stores with eight-liners to be arrested and for police to seize motherboards from the machines or the machines themselves. In this blog post, we will examine the law against keeping a gambling place in Texas, explore the controversy surrounding it, and discuss the consequences of violating it. If you or a loved one has been accused of a gambling offense in North Texas, call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced gambling attorney and find out how we can fight your charges. What constitutes illegal gambling in Texas? Under Texas law, a person commits illegal gambling if he or she: makes a bet on the partial or final result of a game or contest; makes a bet on the result of a political nomination, appointment or election; plays and bets for money or other thing of value at any game played with cards, dice, balls or any other gambling device. So, it’s illegal to gamble on sports, elections or play games like poker or eight-liners for money in Texas. What is the law against keeping a gambling place in Texas? According to Texas Penal Code 47. 04, a person commits the offense of “keeping a gambling place if he or she “knowingly uses or permits another to use as a gambling place any real estate, building, room, tent, vehicle, boat or other property whatsoever owned by him or under his control or rents or lets any such property with a view or expectation that it be so used. ” As you can see, this is a very broad definition that basically encompasses everything and anything that could be used as a gambling venue. This includes not only eight-liner rooms or video poker bars, but also vehicles, boats and even tents. Casinos are also illegal in Texas. What’s the controversy surrounding eight-liners and game rooms? The use of eight-liners and video poker machines has been a source of controversy for decades. Texas... > When parents are embroiled in a divorce or child custody case in Tarrant County, a judge may order them to attend Tarrant County parenting classes. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-parenting-classes/ Tarrant County Parenting Classes in Divorce and Custody Cases When parents are embroiled in a divorce or child custody case in Tarrant County, a judge may order them to attend parenting classes. These classes are designed to help parents understand the impact of their divorce or custody case on their children and provide them with the skills needed to successfully co-parent in the future. In this article, we’ll discuss the various types of parenting classes and what you can expect if you are required to attend. We’ll also provide resources and answer some frequently asked questions about parenting classes in Tarrant County. Types of Tarrant County Parenting Classes In Texas, there are numerous types of parenting classes available for families who are going through a transition. These classes are typically designed to help parents develop the skills and knowledge necessary to effectively co-parent their children. The focus of these classes is on communication skills, co-parenting techniques, and strategies for minimizing conflict between them and their children. Parents also receive guidance on how to best support their child’s emotional, physical, and psychological well-being during the divorce or custody process. Some of the types of parenting classes offered in Texas include: Basic Parenting Class Basic parenting classes are designed to teach parents the fundamentals of parenting, including child development, discipline strategies, and effective communication with their children. Co-Parenting Class Co-parenting classes are designed to help divorced or separated parents create a healthy co-parenting environment. The focus is on helping parents learn how to communicate effectively, resolve conflicts, and make joint decisions that are in the best interests of their children. Tarrant County has a Co-Parenting Education website that offers excellent information and resources on co-parenting, including articles and videos. Divorce Parenting Class Divorce can be extremely hard on parents and children, which is why judges sometimes order parents to take a divorce parenting class in Texas – also known as a parenting education and family stabilization course. This class is designed to help divorcing or separating parents understand and address the emotional, financial, and legal issues related to their situation. The goal of the class is to minimize the negative impact of the divorce or separation on the children involved. Child Custody Parenting Classes Custody parenting classes are designed for parents involved in a child custody dispute. These classes provide education on child development, the impact of parental conflict on children, and strategies for resolving disputes in a healthy and cooperative manner. Parenting After Domestic Violence Class This class is for parents who have experienced domestic violence. The focus is on helping parents understand the effects of domestic violence on children and learn strategies for promoting healing and recovery. Blended Family Class A blended family class is intended for parents who are blending families through remarriage or other circumstances. The focus is on helping parents create a positive and healthy family dynamic that supports the well-being of all members. Most parenting classes in Texas can be taken in-person or online, depending on... > There are four different offenses that are considered unlawful killings. Call an experienced Fort Worth homicide lawyer for help if you have been charged. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-homicide-lawyer/ Fort Worth Homicide Lawyer In Texas, there is nothing more serious than being accused of causing the death of another person. Not only do homicide cases carry massive penalties, but they are also often high-profile and very complex. When a case receives media attention, prosecutors tend to be harsher with their offers. That’s why it is imperative to have an experienced, aggressive Fort Worth homicide lawyer by your side every step of the way if you are accused of capital murder, murder, manslaughter or criminally negligent homicide. Our attorneys have handled dozens of homicide cases, first as prosecutors and now as highly-coveted criminal defense attorneys. We will closely examine all of the evidence, enlist experts, and identify flaws in the prosecution’s case in an effort to build a solid strategy for your defense. Categories of Fort Worth Homicide Texas law divides homicide charges into four primary categories under Texas Penal Code Section 19. 01. These are capital murder, murder, manslaughter, and criminally negligent homicide. Our Fort Worth homicide lawyers will thoroughly explain the charge, potential consequences, and how your case will proceed through the criminal justice system Capital Murder In Texas, capital murder is punishable by either life in prison without parole or the death penalty. The following crimes constitutes capital murder in Texas: Murder of a peace officer or fireman in the line of duty; Murder during the commission or attempted commission of the following felonies: kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat; Murder-for-hire — that is, killing for payment or promise of payment; Murder during an escape or attempted escape from a penal institution; Murder, while incarcerated, of a correctional employee; Murder, while incarcerated, in conjunction with organized criminal activity; Murder while already incarcerated for capital murder or murder; Murder while serving a life sentence or 99-year sentence for aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault or aggravated robbery; Murder of more than one person during the same criminal transaction or during different transactions but under the same common scheme; Murder of a child under age 10; Murder of a judge or justice or in retaliation for the services of a judge or justice Anyone facing a capital murder charge should immediately seek guidance from a Fort Worth homicide attorney. What happens during the early stages of a homicide investigation can drastically impact or influence the case. A proactive defense is your best defense. Murder Under Texas law, both murder and capital murder are classified as criminal homicide. The biggest differences between the two charges are the way in which the offense is alleged and how it is punished. A person commits murder when he or she: intentionally and knowingly causes the death of an individual; intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act that causes the death of an individual; causes the death of an individual during the commission or attempted commission of a felony; or knowingly manufactures or delivers a controlled substance in Penalty Group 1 - which includes fentanyl... > If you live in Tarrant County and received a citation to appear in Tarrant County IV-D Court, it's important to take it seriously and consider hiring an attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-iv-d-court/ Tarrant County IV-D Court: What You Need to Know If you live in Tarrant County and recently received a citation to appear in a Tarrant County IV-D Court – also known as “Child Support Court” – it’s important to take it extremely seriously. This means that the Texas Attorney General (OAG) has filed a lawsuit due to a child support issue. In this article, our experienced child support lawyers will explain the role of an IV-D court in Tarrant County, how to prepare for court, and why it’s a good idea to have an experienced attorney. But first, please take a moment to watch this informative video by family law attorney Turner Thornton, who gives an overview of IV-D Courts in Texas. What is an IV-D Court in Texas? A Texas IV-D Court is a specialized court that handles child support cases that originate from the Office of the Texas Attorney General. The term “IV-D” refers to Title IV-D of the Social Security Act of 1975, which establishes the federal Child Support Enforcement Program. This program provides states with funding and guidelines for monitoring and enforcing child support orders to ensure that non-custodial parents provide financial support to their children. IV-D courts stemmed out of this federal mandate. In Texas IV-D Courts, various types of cases related to child support can be heard, including: Establishing paternity Establishing, modifying, or enforcing child support orders Collecting child support Enforcing medical support orders The Role of the Office of the Texas Attorney General in IV-D Court Cases When a parent needs help with a child support matter, they often turn to the Office of the Texas Attorney General (OAG) for help. The OAG’s Child Support Division is the official “Title IV-D agency” in Texas and is responsible for enforcing child support orders and collecting child support payments from non-custodial parents. The OAG represents the state and may initiate a child support case, or lawsuit, on behalf of the custodial parent or the child. An IV-D lawsuit is a legal action brought forth by the OAG to establish paternity and establish and enforce child support orders to ensure that non-custodial parents meet their financial obligations to their children. If the OAG files a case, or lawsuit, it will be held in a IV-D Court in Texas. Trained IV-D attorneys represent the OAG in court proceedings and advocate for the best interests of the child. Tarrant County IV-D Court Cases In Tarrant County, cases that stem from the Texas OAG land in one of three IV-D Courts dedicated to establishing and enforcing child support. Three associate judges – Judge Casey Conine, Judge Cherami Jenkins and Judge Sean Cook – preside over Tarrant County’s IV-D Courts. What court your case lands in depends on the non-custodial parent’s last name. That’s how the cases are divided in Tarrant County. Tarrant County IV-D Courts are located on the first floor of the Family Law Center, 200 East Weatherford Street, Fort Worth, TX 76196. What to bring to Tarrant... > Kayleigh Conley is an Intake Specialist at Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, serving as the first point of contact for individuals seeking help after accident or injury. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-03-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/kayleigh-conley/ Intake Specialist Kayleigh Conley is an Intake Specialist in Varghese Summersett’s Personal Injury Division, where she serves as the first point of contact for individuals seeking help after a serious accident or injury. For many people, reaching out to a law firm comes during one of the most difficult and uncertain moments of their lives. Kayleigh listens to their story, explains what they can expect moving forward, and helps them determine whether Varghese Summersett is the right team to guide them through the process. Kayleigh understands that choosing a personal injury attorney is an important decision that often follows a traumatic event. She takes the time to connect with each person who calls, answer their questions, and ensure they feel heard and supported from the very beginning. Known for her empathy, patience, and strong communication skills, Kayleigh has a natural ability to put people at ease and help them feel confident about the next steps. In addition to speaking with prospective clients, Kayleigh coordinates initial attorney consultations and helps manage the intake and onboarding process for new personal injury cases. She works closely with attorneys and staff to ensure that each new client receives the firm’s signature white-glove experience from the moment they reach out. In this role, Kayleigh helps individuals and families feel supported, informed, and hopeful about the path ahead. Background Kayleigh moved to Fort Worth from North Carolina after spending more than five years working in the legal industry. She graduated magna cum laude from Appalachian State University with a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and a minor in Communication. Kayleigh has called Fort Worth home for the past four years. Outside of the office, she enjoys reading, hot yoga, spending time with friends, and being outdoors with her husband and their dog, Stella. Fun Fact: Kayleigh enjoys traveling to experience, explore, and learn about new cultures, food, and people. She has traveled to over 10 countries. https://youtu. be/zlj6XdYT144 > The Tarrant County Family Court is located at 200 Weatherford Street in Fort Worth. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-07-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-family-court/ Tarrant County Family Court Location The Family Law Center in Tarrant County houses a number of family courts. They are spread across three floors. The Family Law Center is located at 200 E Weatherford, Fort Worth, TX 76196. On the first floor of the Tarrant County Family Courthouse, you will find the IV-D (pronounced “four D”) courts. These IV-D courts are created by statute to handle child support and paternity cases initiated by the Texas AG. The Family Court Service/Domestic Relations Office is on the second floor of the Tarrant County Family Courthouse. (Watch the video below to learn more about Family Court Services. ) They assist with social studies, visitation, drug testing, and even mediation in some cases. The child support office is also on the second floor. On the third floor of the Tarrant County Family Courthouse, you’ll find the District Clerk with records relating to resolved matters. You can get and pay for copies of documents here and even get certified copies of documents. On the fourth floor of the Tarrant County Family Courthouse, you will find the even-numbered courts—the 322nd, 324th, and 360th District Courts. Each court also has an Associate Judge, who is on the same floor as the district judge. Associate judges handle a variety of matters including temporary orders, enforcements, preliminary matters, and even trials by consent. The Fifth Floor houses the odd-numbered courts, which are the 231st, the 233rd, and the 325th District Court. The associate judges for these courts and their courtrooms are on the fifth floor as well. There are also conference rooms on the fourth and fifth floors that can be used by the parties or attorneys. Floor Courts FIRST FLOOR IV-D Courtrooms IV-D Courtroom 1 (Associate Judge Casey Conine) IV-D Courtroom 2 (Associate Judge Cherami J. Jenkins) FOURTH FLOOR 322nd District Court (Judge James Munford) 322nd Associate Court (Associate Judge Jeffery N. Kaitcer) 324th District Court (Judge Beth Poulous) 324th Associate Court (Associate Judge Lori DeAngelis) 360th District Court (Judge Patricia B. Bennett) 360th Associate Court (Associate Judge Matthew Riek) FIFTH FLOOR 231st District Court (Judge Jesus E. Nevarez, Jr. ) 231st Associate Court (Associate Judge Kevin Schmid) 233rd District Court (Judge Kenneth Newell) 233rd Associate Court (Associate Judge Kate Stone) 325th District Court (Judge Cynthia Terry) 325th Associate Court (Associate Judge Kristina Denapolis) Parking for the Tarrant County Family Courthouse There are parking meters around the courthouse that fill up rather quickly in the mornings. The same is true for the nearby parking garage (just east of the courthouse). So, plan on being early. Also plan on getting there early enough to get through the line and metal detector. You will go through metal detectors, so be sure not to bring knives or any other weapons. Tarrant County Family Courthouse Architecture The Family Law Center in Tarrant County is a five-level structure crafted from a mix of brick and granite. The architectural design was a joint endeavor by David M. Schwarz from Washington, D. C. , and... > Tarrant County's juvenile diversion programs focus on rehabilitation, treatment, and counseling, rather than traditional punishment for youth offenders. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-juvenile-diversion-programs/ Second Chances: Tarrant County’s Juvenile Diversion Programs Let’s face it. Young people make stupid mistakes, rash decisions, and poor choices. Sometimes, those lapses in judgment land them in the juvenile justice system. While this is certainly a scary prospect, there is hope for juvenile offenders in Tarrant County – especially for youth who want to learn from their mistakes. Tarrant County offers several juvenile diversion programs, which focus on rehabilitation, treatment, and counseling, rather than adjudication and punishment. These programs are designed to keep youth, ages 10 to 16, out of the traditional juvenile justice system and, hopefully, put them on a positive, productive path. This article explains the different types of juvenile diversion programs offered in Tarrant County and answers some frequently asked questions. If your child has been accused of committing an offense or violation in Tarrant County, it’s important to contact a skilled juvenile defense attorney who understands juvenile diversion programs. Attorney Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and has extensive experience getting juveniles admitted into Tarrant County’s juvenile diversion programs. She believes in second chances and will work vigorously to help get your child back on the right track without negatively impacting their future. Please take a moment to watch this video by Lisa in which she gives an overview of some of Tarrant County’s juvenile diversion programs. What is a Juvenile Diversion Program? A juvenile diversion program is a way to “divert” or redirect a young offender away from juvenile court and the traditional juvenile justice process. Rather than face criminal prosecution, juveniles who are admitted into diversion programs typically receive counseling, treatment, and rehabilitation services designed to help them turn their lives around. If they successfully complete the program, charges will not be filed and they will not be prosecuted. The goal of juvenile diversion programs is to keep kids out of court, detention, and prison – and away from the influences that got them here in the first place. These programs provide an opportunity for young offenders to learn from their mistakes, take responsibility for their actions, and make amends, while also addressing the underlying issues that may have led to the negative or criminal behavior. What Juvenile Diversion Programs are Offered in Tarrant County? There are several types of juvenile diversion programs available in Tarrant County. Each program is tailored to fit the individual needs of the juvenile offender, taking into consideration their unique circumstances and backgrounds. If they successfully complete the program, they will avoid prosecution and a criminal record. Deferred Prosecution Probation Program (DPP) Tarrant County’s Juvenile Deferred Prosecution Probation program (DPP) is a type of informal probation that addresses the juvenile’s criminal behavior outside of the courtroom through a supervision program. If accepted into the program, the juvenile will be supervised by a probation officer and must abide by certain conditions, including attending school, obeying the law, abiding by a curfew, and attending classes or counseling, among other conditions. If the juvenile successfully completes the program, the... > Is your child been taken to the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center? Call for a free consultation with a board certified juvenile defense attorney. 817-203-3220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-juvenile-detention/ Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center What is the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center? The Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center—formerly known as the Lynn W. Ross Juvenile Detention Center—is a 24-hour secure facility used to temporarily detain juveniles (youth under age 17) who have been accused of violating the law. It is intended for short-term confinement, primarily after a youth has been taken into custody, but before a court has determined their guilt or innocence. “Kimbo” in Tarrant County The Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center is commonly referred to as “Kimbo,” so-called for the name of the road on which it is located—2701 Kimbo Road. According to an August 2022 report for the Tarrant County Commissioners, the detention center is equipped to house 120 juveniles at a time. When a youth in Tarrant County is taken into custody and detained, he or she will be housed in the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center. This can be a very nerve-wracking experience for both the youth and their parents, especially if this is the first time the juvenile has been in trouble with the law. This blog post will help you understand how the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center operates and what you should expect if your child is in juvenile custody. Kimbo in Tarrant County Why Was My Child Taken to the Juvenile Detention Center? Typically, a child is transported to the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center by police officers after being taken into custody. Police usually bring the child to the detention center for one of three reasons: A parent can’t be located; The child might be in danger; The child could be endangering others. Once the juvenile arrives at the facility, they will be searched. An intake officer at the detention center will then review the police report to determine whether there is proper authorization to temporarily detain the child. The intake officer will then notify the parents that their child is at the detention facility. Depending on the law violation and other facts and circumstances, you may be notified that your child can be released to you or that they are being held/detained for a detention hearing before the judge. Why Is My Child Being Detained? As mentioned, juveniles are often released to a parent or guardian after being taken into custody. However, there are specific instances when detention is warranted – prior to a court hearing. According to Section 53. 02b of the Texas Family Code, a child who is taken into custody may be detained only if: The child is likely to abscond (i. e. runaway) or be removed from the jurisdiction of the court; Suitable supervision, care, or protection of the child is not being provided by a parent, guardian or another person; The child doesn’t have anyone to return the child to court when required; The child may be dangerous to himself or herself or may be a threat to the safety of the public if released; The child has previously been found to be... > In recent years, a crime trend called "bank jugging" or "jugging" has surged in popularity. Learn about this scheme, including charges and potential penalties. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/bank-jugging/ What Is Jugging? | Bank Jugging Over the past several years, a crime trend called “bank jugging” or “jugging” has grown in popularity in Texas. Jugging occurs when individuals who have just withdrawn money from a bank or ATM are targeted and their recently withdrawn funds are stolen. The victim, usually carrying a significant amount of cash, is followed from the bank until the thieves find an opportunity to steal the money. This can be done through various means, such as confrontation or breaking into the victim’s car. The crime used to be punished as burglary or robbery, but in 2025 Texas lawmakers made "jugging" a standalone criminal offense. House Bill 1902, which takes effect on September 1, 2025, criminalizes jugging by making it a felony for individuals to surveil and follow victims from financial institutions, check-cashing businesses, or ATMs with the intent to commit theft. Why is it called jugging? The term “jugging” in this context comes from the idea that the victim is carrying a “jug” of money, making them a target for criminals. It’s a practice that requires surveillance and planning by the perpetrators, as they identify and track a potential target based on their banking activity. Where does jugging occur? Jugging often occurs at ATMs, banks, and high-end stores. Law enforcement has been warning the public about the scheme, and some cities have created a task force to crack down on this crime. What is bank jugging? The offense is sometimes called “bank jugging” which is a term used to describe suspects who sit in bank parking lots watching customers withdraw money from an ATM or go in and out of the financial institution. The suspects then follow the customer and look for an opportunity to take their cash. Similar schemes have also been committed outside of high-end stores that sell jewelry or other valuables. How are jugging schemes carried out? Jugging can be committed by one person, but it’s often carried out by two or more perpetrators. The suspects sit in a vehicle surveilling the comings and goings of the bank or business and then target a customer, who is often carrying a bank bag or envelope. The juggers then follow the customer to their next stop and take their money or valuables, either by breaking into their vehicles or by force. Is “jugging” an actual crime in Texas? Yes, the term “bank jugging” or “jugging” is now specifically defined by Texas law. Following the signing of House Bill 1902 during the 89th Texas Legislature, jugging is officially a distinct criminal offense in Texas, effective September 1, 2025. Under the Texas Penal Code, a person commits jugging if he or she, with the intent to commit theft of another person's money, the person: (1) targets or observes the other person withdrawing money from an automated teller machine, bank, credit union, or credit services organization; and (2) subsequently physically follows the other person or causes any person to physically follow the other person. Jugging is generally... > If are a first-responder in Tarrant County and were recently arrested, you may be eligible for the Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-first-responder-diversion-program/ Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program Police, firefighters, paramedics, and other officials on the front lines of public safety often experience traumatic events that lead to mental health issues down the road. Sometimes, these mental health issues can land them in trouble with the law. Fortunately, in Tarrant County, there is a pre-trial diversion program for public safety employees who are facing criminal charges but would be better served by treatment and rehabilitation, rather than punishment. If they successfully complete the program, their case will be dismissed and their record will remain clean. The program – officially titled Tarrant County Public Safety Employees Treatment Court (PSETC) – is also commonly referred to as the Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program. In this article, our experienced criminal defense attorneys will explain the Tarrant County Public Safety Employees Treatment Court, including the criteria, application process, and program goals. They will also answer some frequently asked questions about diversion programs in general and how they can help people who deserve a second chance. Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program The Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program is presided over by state District Judge Charles Vanover – who also presides over the Tarrant County Veteran’s Court. Both programs are similar, in that they are designed to provide treatment and rehabilitation, rather than punishment, to defendants who are facing criminal charges but need mental health services due to their service and sacrifice. The program, which is codified in Chapter 129 of the Texas Government Code, focuses on first responders who suffer from a brain injury, mental illness, or mental disorder — such as post-traumatic stress disorder — that occurred during or resulted from their job as a public safety employee. Eligible defendants can bypass criminal prosecution and instead go into a treatment-based program tailored specifically for their case and needs. If they successfully complete the program, their case will be dismissed and their record will remain clean. Eligible Officials for Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program Several types of first responders are eligible for Tarrant County First Responder Diversion Program as long as they meet the program’s strict criteria for entry including: Peace Officers Firefighters Detention Officers County Jailers Emergency Medical Services Employees Emergency Service dispatchers Criteria for Admission in the Tarrant County First Responders Diversion Program The Tarrant County First Responder’s Diversion Program is not for every public safety official that gets arrested. To be accepted into the program, the defendant must meet the following criteria: The defendant must be employed or have prior employment as a peace officer, firefighter, detention officer, county jailer, or emergency medical services employee of this state or a political subdivision of this state who: (1) Suffers from a brain injury, mental illness, or mental disorder, including post-traumatic stress disorder, that: (A) occurred during or resulted from the defendant’s duties as a public safety employee; and (B) affected the defendant’s criminal conduct at issue in the case; or (2) is a defendant whose participation in a public safety employees... > Out attorneys can maximize your chances of getting into the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI). Call for free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/deferred-prosecution-initiative/ Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI) What is the Deferred Prosecution Initiative in Tarrant County (DPI)? May 2022 Update – The Tarrant County District Attorney has terminated this program. If you’re interested in a similar court-run diversion program, check out DPP. The Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative (DPI) is a relatively new deferred prosecution program for first-time offenders who are facing certain drug charges (especially marijuana and THC cases), but are also “self correctors” – meaning you are motivated to rehabilitate. If you successfully complete the program, your case will be dismissed. You must be 25 years or older with no criminal history to be accepted into the program. You must also be able to sustain six months of sobriety. The DPI program launched November 1, 2020, but was retroactive. Your attorney can advise you if you are eligible, and walk you through the application, questionnaire, and personal statement. If you are accepted into the program, you will go through orientation and, as mentioned, must establish sobriety for six months. This is not a “supervised” program and there will not be monthly check-ins. This program is also available for people who are out of state, including airport drug cases. NOTE: To enter the program, you must apply within 90 days of the case filing, even if you do not have a lab report. You will be giving up the right to have the underlying drug tested if the lab report is not back in 90 days. The 90 days is a hard and fast deadline. What Can I Expect in the Deferred Prosecution Initiative? Participants of the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative will have to provide three drug follicle hair tests. The first hair follicle test does not have to be clean. It creates a baseline. The second hair follicle test much be substantially lower or clean. The third test must be clean. If you live in Tarrant County, those drug tests will be provided through Community Supervision and Corrections Department without an additional fee. Individuals who cannot come to Tarrant County must go to an approved local lab at their own cost. What is the Cost of Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Initiative? The cost of the DPI program is $300. The participant must also pay for law enforcement’s lab test. Some participants will also be required to take a drug class at their expense. This is a $25 four-hour online drug and alcohol class. What Offenses are Eligible for the Deferred Prosecution Initiative? The following offenses are eligible for DPI: Most Misdemeanor Drug Cases Possession of Marijuana under 2 Ounces Possession of Marijuana under 4 Ounces Possession of a Dangerous Drug Possession of a Controlled Substance PG2 THC cases up to 400 grams Certain Possession of a Controlled Substance PG1 cases under 1 gram What Disqualifies Someone from DPI? You are ineligible for DPI if: You are under age 25 Have a prior criminal history (however this can be appealed to the line prosecutor) Have juvenile adjudications for serious... > The punishment for Texas misdemeanor assault charges can range from a ticket to up to a year in jail. Call for a free attorney consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/misdemeanor-assault-texas/ Misdemeanor assault in Texas covers four types of offenses: Assault Bodily Injury (Class A), Assault Bodily Injury Against a Family Member (Class A), Assault by Threat (Class C), and Assault by Contact (Class C). Penalties range from a $500 fine for Class C offenses to up to one year in jail and $4,000 in fines for Class A misdemeanors. An experienced defense attorney can often help you avoid jail time or get charges dismissed entirely. Many people are surprised by what qualifies as assault under Texas law. You don't have to throw a punch. Spitting on someone, poking them in the chest, or even threatening to hurt them can result in assault charges. In this guide, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett break down each type of misdemeanor assault, explain the penalties, and outline your legal options. What Are the Four Types of Misdemeanor Assault in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01, there are four categories of misdemeanor assault: Assault Bodily Injury (ABI) Assault Bodily Injury Against a Family Member (ABI-FM) Assault by Threat Assault by Contact A person commits assault in Texas if they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to another person. Assault charges also apply when someone threatens another with imminent bodily injury or makes physical contact that is provocative or offensive. What Is Assault Bodily Injury (ABI) in Texas? Assault Bodily Injury occurs when a person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes physical harm to someone else. The key element is "bodily injury," which Texas law defines as physical pain, illness, or impairment of physical condition. Any amount of pain, no matter how minor, is enough to meet the legal standard. However, a claim of mere discomfort without actual pain will not support an ABI charge. Assault Bodily Injury is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas. The maximum punishment is up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $4,000. What Is Assault Bodily Injury Against a Family Member (ABI-FM)? Assault Bodily Injury Against a Family Member (sometimes called domestic assault) follows the same legal definition as standard ABI. The difference is the relationship between the accused and the alleged victim. Under Texas law, family or household members include: Current or former spouses Parents and children Siblings Roommates or co-residents Current or former dating partners Blood relatives, adoptive relatives, or relatives by marriage A first-time ABI-FM offense is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and a $4,000 fine. However, the charge becomes a third-degree felony if the defendant has a prior family violence conviction. It can also be elevated to a felony if the assault involved strangulation or the use of a weapon. A conviction for ABI-FM carries serious collateral consequences. Under federal law, anyone convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence permanently loses their right to possess firearms. What Is Assault by Contact in Texas? Assault by Contact occurs when someone intentionally or knowingly makes physical contact with another person in a... > If you would like to use the “Pay Later” option through Affirm, click here: Learn more about paying later through Affirm. Video: How to Use Affirm to Finance Your Legal Fee - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/pay-later/ Pay Later If you would like to use the “Pay Later” option through Affirm, click here: Learn more about paying later through Affirm. Video: How to Use Affirm to Finance Your Legal Fee > If you have court in Tarrant County or have been called as a juror to Tarrant County, here is what you need to know about Tarrant County Court Parking. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/parking-for-tarrant-county-court/ Tarrant County Court Parking | Tarrant County Juror Parking Tarrant County Court Parking All the non-traffic criminal courts in downtown Fort Worth are located at 401 W. Belknap, Fort Worth, Texas, 76196, inside the Tim Curry Justice Center. This is also the location of the Central Jury Room. Provided below is information on Tarrant County Court Parking for individuals summoned to court for jury service or to appear in a criminal court. There is no free parking near the Tim Curry Justice Center and parking meters fill up quickly. Below is a list of parking meters, lots, and garage close to the Tim Curry Justice Center and the hourly or daily rates for parking. Parking Location Type Cost Location Red Meters 1 hour $1. 50/hour Located throughout Downtown Orange Meters 2 hours $1. 50/hour Located on Taylor St, Weatherford St, and Throckmorton St. Blue Meters 4 hours $0. 75/hour Located on Belknap St, Florence St, Weatherford St, Cherry St, and 1st St. Green Meters 10 hours $0. 50/hour Located on Florence St, 1st St, 2nd St, and 3rd St. Two City Place Parking Garage Garage $20/day 299 Taylor Street City Center Garage #1 Garage $15/day 201 Commerce Street Tarrant County Parking Garage Garage $10/day 101 Calhoun Street Belknap Lot Parking Lot $12/day 715 West Belknap Tarrant County Juror Parking You can use your jury summons or current juror badge and ride free on any T BUS/Trolley or even the TRE. Tarrant County jurors may park for free at La Grave Field located off North Main at 301 N. E. 6th Street, Fort Worth, Texas. A shuttle bus will transport jurors from LaGrave Field to the Tim Curry Justice Center. The route that runs from La Grave Field to Downtown is on Route 991. The shuttle runs weekdays every 15 minutes from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM. If the court keeps you late and there are concerns you may not make it to the bus stop on time, the court will generally have the Sheriff's Department drive you to your car. Learn more about locating your court in Tarrant County. > Your case could be dismissed after successfully completing the Tarrant County YODA program. Call today for free attorney consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/yoda/ Tarrant County YODA Program What is the Tarrant County YODA Program? The Tarrant County YODA Program is a diversion program for young people who have been charged with assaulting a non-intimate family member, such as a parent or a sibling. YODA – which stands for Youthful Offender Diversion Alternative – is designed to prevent young offenders from committing future acts of violence by redirecting them towards non-violent behavior. Youth who successfully complete the program will have their case dismissed and be eligible for an expunction. What are the Eligibility Requirements for the Tarrant County YODA Program? To be eligible for the Tarrant County YODA program, you: Must be a first-time offender Must be age 17 to 25 at the time of enrollment Cannot be on probation or parole Cannot have other pending charges Cannot have pending felony charges or convictions of felony charges Must be willing to make changes in your life and participate in counseling Must be willing to adhere to the attending policy and participation rules Must be willing to be sober and drug-free How Do You Get into the Tarrant County YODA Program? Tarrant County Criminal Court No. 5 is the speciality court that handles family violence cases. YODA staff and court personnel work closely to identify youthful offenders who may be eligible for the program and will often present information about the program to the defendant’s lawyer. Tarrant County defense lawyers who regular practice in CCC 5 also are familiar with the program and can refer their clients to the program. Not all youth are offered the option of entering the program. The lawyers, prosecutors, and judges decide if they will be given the choice to enter the program based on prior offenses, attitude, and willingness to change. Defendants who are given the voluntarily option of entering into YODA are generally presented with alternative plea deals negotiated by their lawyers. If they chose to go with the plea and join the program, they are provided with information about the requirements and completing the program. What Does YODA Entail? The YODA program is a three-phase approach using assessment, case management, and individual and family solutions. The program is managed and services are provided by a licensed clinical social worker who has speciality in trauma and abuse. The hope is that, by undergoing individual and family counseling and identifying specific needs, defendants can stabilize their lives and utilize resources that encourage family development. This is a strengths-based and solutions-oriented program where defendants will establish goals to help them move away from future crimes and violence. Family members will be ask to support the youth. How long is the YODA Program? The YODA program typically last four to six months, but it can be extended if participants are experiencing issues. What is the OBI WAN Program? OBI WAN — which stands for Other Behavioral Intervention With Assault Non-Family — is a spin-off of the YODA program. It basically works the same way as YODA except it is offered for... > What happens if the police find your name in a drug dealer's phone? We tell you what we've learned from defending hundreds of drug cases." - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/name-in-drug-dealers-phone/ What If The Police Find My Name In A Drug Dealer’s Phone? If the police find your name on a drug dealer’s phone in Texas, it does not necessarily mean that you will be charged with a crime. However, it could potentially make you a person of interest in a police investigation. Here are some of the things the police may do if they find your name in a drug dealer’s phone with messages that can be interpreted as being related to drug deals. No, asking about “work” isn’t fooling anyone. What Happens if Your Name is Found in a Drug Dealer’s Phone? Monitor you: The police may decide to monitor your activities for some time to gather more information. This may involve surveillance, tracking your phone calls or online activities, or looking into your financial transactions. Question you: The police may contact you for questioning to understand the nature of your relationship with the drug dealer. It is essential to remember that you have the right to remain silent and consult with an attorney before speaking with the police. Obtain a search warrant: If the police have enough evidence or reasonable suspicion to believe that you are involved in drug-related activities, they may obtain a search warrant to search your property, such as your home or vehicle, for further evidence. What if the Investigation Continues? If the police reach out to question you or obtain a search warrant, you should immediately hire a criminal defense lawyer. There are a number of possible outcomes in the investigation: No Action Is Taken In some cases, the police may not take any action if your name is found on a drug dealer’s phone, particularly when there is no other evidence linking you to illegal drugs or activities or an attorney intervenes on your behalf to point out the weaknesses in the case. There’s An Ongoing Investigation If the police have reason to suspect your involvement in drug-related activities, they may initiate an investigation. This could include monitoring your communications on cell phones, interviewing you or others who know you, or conducting surveillance. An example of when an investigation might be initiated is if your name is found alongside incriminating messages related to drug transactions. Arrest And Prosecution If the investigation yields sufficient evidence to charge you with a drug-related offense, you may be arrested and face criminal charges. Texas Health and Safety Code §§ 481. 101-481. 125 cover various drug offenses, ranging from possession to manufacturing and delivery. The specific actions taken by the police will depend on various factors, including the context in which your name appeared on the dealer’s phone and the strength of any additional evidence they uncover during their investigation. It is important to remember that simply having your name on a drug dealer’s phone does not automatically mean that you will face criminal charges. If you are concerned about your legal situation, it is highly recommended that you consult with a criminal defense attorney with Varghese Summersettas... > Have struggles with addiction or abuse lead to arrests for prostitution? The Tarrant County RISE program could be right for you. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/rise/ Tarrant County RISE Program Teaching Independence Through Self-Empowerment (RISE) Have your struggles with addiction, drug dependency, abuse, or mental illness lead to multiple arrests for prostitution? The Tarrant County Reaching Independence through Self Empowerment, otherwise known as Tarrant County RISE program, could be your chance to start over and maintain a healthy, productive lifestyle. What is the Tarrant County RISE Diversion Program? The mission of the RISE Program is to identify vulnerable women with extensive histories of prostitution or prostitution-related offenses, expedite them through the criminal justice system, and help them achieve sobriety, mental stability, permanent housing, and educational and work opportunities. The RISE program mostly consists of women who are high-risk and have three or more charges of prostitution on their record, and are facing time in prison. With the consent of an individual’s attorney, the defendant is contacted by a member of the RISE staff and then evaluated through validated assessment instruments and a clinical interview. The goal is to identify participants most likely to achieve lifestyle change through participation in the program, which involves counseling and treatment. Once accepted into the program, the participant will enter a plea of guilty and receive a probated or deferred sentence with the requirement that she successfully complete the RISE program. The RISE Program was started and is overseen by Judge Brent Carr, of County Criminal Court No. 9. Here’s a word from Judge Brent Carr about RISE from The NET FW on Vimeo. “Giving a woman who has been living on the streets some options is much better than throwing her in jail. ” – Joan Rycraft, retired University of Texas Arlington Social Worker. What is the Purpose of RISE? Reaching Independence through Self Empowerment (RISE) seeks to intervene in the lives of women who have a long history of addiction and mental illness whose common thread is a record filled with arrests for prostitution. Many of the women who participate RISE come from a background of sexual and physical abuse, have experienced trauma through the sex industry, and have a history of substance abuse. Through this two to four-year recovery program, women are offered rehab first, then permanent housing, generally from the Salvation Army or other housing facilities in Fort Worth. While in housing, women are placed into case management to receive whatever services they currently need. This could include recovery classes, life-skills classes, GED classes, mental health appointments with MHMR, counseling from the Women’s Center, etc. Who is Eligible for the Tarrant County RISE program? Women charged with felony or misdemeanor level offenses with an expressed desire to change from a life of prostitution and enter upon a path of treatment, stabilization, and rehabilitation. The screening process will weed out applicants with past violent behavior and low desire for cognitive change. What are the Benefits of RISE? The RISE program provides housing, education, job training, and employment and addresses underlying drug, mental health, and economic issues with long-term therapy and supervision by social workers, attorneys, and probation officers.... > We have had great success helping clients get admitted into the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program. Call for free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/mental-health/ Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program Do you or a loved one struggle with a mental illness? Has your struggle led you to commit criminal offenses? The Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program can help treat your mental disability and keep your record clean. This pre-trial diversion program is available to individuals with a mental health history who are charged with offenses in Tarrant County. The mission of the Mental Health Court Diversion Program is to identify mentally-impaired offenders and to expedite them through the criminal justice system by helping them achieve mental stability and non-criminal behavior. What is the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program? Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program (MHD) is a pre-trial, post-booking diversion program for mentally impaired offenders. The program offers offenders a treatment option that is judicially supervised. It is designed to divert mentally impaired offenders out of the traditional criminal justice process and into appropriate rehabilitative programs. Participants who complete their treatment regiment and graduate from the program will have their case dismissed and it will be eligible for an immediate expunction. What are the Eligibility Requirements for the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion? The eligibility requirements for the Tarrant County Mental Health Program are as follows: Applicant must be competent. Applicant must be functioning with more than behavior modification issue. Applicant must be out on bond. In-custody cases are not accepted for review. Applicant’s mental health diagnosis must precede criminal offense. Applicant must be charged with a misdemeanor charge or low-level, non-violent offense. The defendant must admit to the offense, express interest to get into the program, and express ability to complete the program. What Disqualifies an Applicant for the MHDP? Any 3(g) offense Any gang affiliation Assault Serious Bodily Injury (SBI) Delivery/Manufacturing Controlled Substance Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Applicants who need inpatient hospitalization. Applicants who lack the resources to participate What is the Screening Process for Candidates for the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion? Participants interested in the Tarrant County Mental Health Diversion Program must undergo a screening process to determine if they are right for the program. The screening process involves the following steps: Applicant is referred to the program. The referral may be made by the defense attorney, law enforcement, judges, mental health professionals, family or friends. A liaison with the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office reviews the referral to ensure minimum criteria are met. Following the DA review, the defendant is scheduled to complete screening forms at the Mental Health Diversion Program (MHDP) office. The defendant is scheduled for a face-to-face interview with the MHDP Program Manager. The Program manager will then complete an evaluation and the findings will be sent to the DA with a summary of discussion and recommendation. DA will then decide whether applicant is approved or rejected for the program. If approved, the applicant will be admitted into the program. What are the Conditions of Mental Health Diversion Program? Must not commit a criminal offense for the duration of the program. Must not consume... > Our attorneys have successfully guided individuals through the Tarrant Count First Offender Drug Program (FODP). Call today for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/fodp/ Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program (FODP) September 11, 2024 Update: Tarrant County has announced they are discontinuing the FODP program. Tarrant County is no longer accepting FODP applications. Drug crimes are prevalent in Tarrant County and across the state of Texas. In fact, you will probably be hard pressed to find an adult who has not been exposed, impacted or influenced – either directly or indirectly – by drugs at some point in his or her life. Not surprisingly, courts are overflowing with non-violent drug offenders, many of whom find themselves in the justice system for the first time and are now facing a possible criminal record. Fortunately, there is a program in Tarrant County designed to help first-time, low-level offenders keep their record clean — by staying clean. It’s called the Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program (FODP) and it may be right for you or a loved one. What is the Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program? The Tarrant County First Offender Drug Program, or FODP, is a limited supervision program for first-time drug offenders who would be considered a “self-corrector. ” One of the greatest benefits of the First Offender Drug Program is that, upon successful completion of the program, your case will be dismissed and your arrest record will eligible for an expunction. Our attorneys have successfully guided individuals through FODP and are available to assist you if you qualify for this program. In order to be considered for the First Offender Drug Program, a defendant must be approved by the Tarrant County Criminal District Attorney’s Office. Participants who are accepted into the program will receive minimum supervision. Who is Eligible for the First Offender Drug Program? To be eligible for FODP, the applicant cannot have been convicted, have current or past community supervision or deferred adjudication, nor currently have any other pending offenses other than Class C misdemeanors. What Offenses are Eligible for FODP? The following offenses may be eligible for FODP: Possession of Controlled Substance, under 1 gram Possession of Controlled Substance, 1-4 grams Possession of Controlled Substance under 2 ounces Possession of Marijuana under 2 ounces Possession of Marijuana 2-4 ounces Drug-Free Zone, Controlled Substance under 28 grams Drug-Free Zone, Marijuana 2-4 ounces Forging or Altering Prescription Possession of Dangerous Drug Diversion of a Controlled Substance Attempt of any above-listed offense What are the Program Fees for the First Offender Drug Program? The felony program is 180 days long and costs $550. The misdemeanor program is 90 days and costs $350. The program cost covers the costs of drug testing and education classes required for the program. What is the Entry Process for First Offender Drug Program? A defendant speaks with his/her attorney about participating in the First Offender Drug Program. A defendant and his/her attorney will fill out the one-page application. A completed application must be submitted within 90 days of case filing. An Assistant Criminal District Attorney approves or denies the defendant for the program. The FODP Administrative Assistant will... > We've had clients successfully enter Tarrant County FAIP with exceptional results. Call today to find out how we can help you (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/faip/ Tarrant County Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP) If you have been arrested for repeated intoxication-related offenses and are facing a felony DWI case in Tarrant County, you may qualify for the Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP). The program can also help you recover from a life of addiction and avoid penitentiary time for DWI felony repetition. What is the Tarrant County Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP)? FAIP is a specialty program designed to treat high-risk offenders who have had three or more DWIs. FAIP participants accept a plea bargain in which they are placed on probation for four years, with time in jail as a condition of probation. An individual who is in FAIP will be revoked to a seven-year sentence if they violate the conditions of FAIP probation. What are the Eligibility Requirements for the Felony Alcohol Intervention Program in Tarrant County? To be eligible for FAIP, the applicant must: Must be 17 years of age or older Must be a resident of Tarrant County Must be facing a felony DWI charge (two or more prior DWI convictions) Have no prior 3(g) offenses or pending 3(g) charges Intoxication caused by alcohol only Must be a U. S. citizen or a permanent resident Must not be currently on parole Must not be on community supervision in any other jurisdiction Have no prior involuntary or intoxication manslaughter nor intoxication assault convictions Must have approval of F. A. I. P. team What is the Entry Process for FAIP? The entry process for FAIP is very selective. Steps in Tarrant Count Felony Alcohol Intervention Program (FAIP) entry process include: Case Filing: Defendant’s felony DWI case is filed in one of Tarrant County’s 10 district courts. Initial Screening: The FAIP coordinator reviews each felony DWI case filed in Tarrant County to identify defendants who meet the criteria. Legal Screening: The District Attorney determines the defendant’s legal eligibility and assesses the public safety risk. Letter to Defense Attorney: The FAIP coordinator notifies defense attorneys of DWI defendants who have met criteria, indicating they may be eligible for FAIP. Pre-Sentence Investigation: An investigation is scheduled after contacting the defense attorney. The defendant may attend with his or her attorney. Team Decision: FAIP team votes on admission and suitability at its weekly meetings. Plea of Guilty: If accepted, the coordinator sets a court date for the defendant to plead guilty to DWI-Felony Repetition (7 year probated for 4 years with FAIP conditions. ) The case is transferred to Criminal District Court, where Judge Robb Catalano will supervise the defendant. Clinical assessment: After after plea is accepted, the nature and extend of the participants diagnosis and clinical needs are determined and clarified. What are the FAIP Conditions? The conditions of FAIP are strict and include treatment, community service, drug tests, curfews, and employment, among other things. Here’s a list of requirements of the program: Fines of $1350 7 years probated for 4 years 10-day continuous custody Intensive supervision monitoring Substance abuse assessment and follow recommended treatment Maintain a... > Our clients have had exceptional results after being referred to the Tarrant County DWI Court Program. Call today for a free consult. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/dwi-court/ Tarrant County DWI Court The Tarrant County DWI Court Program focuses on high-risk, high-needs individuals who are charged with their second DWI with the goal of preventing them from reoffending. This is a post-plea program that suspends some fees and time in jail as a condition of probation. The Misdemeanor DWI Court Program offers offenders outpatient treatment (inpatient treatment if necessary) with intensive supervision that is judicially supervised. What is the Tarrant County DWI Court? Judge Deborah Nekhom, the presiding judge over County Criminal Court Number Four in Tarrant County, established the DWI Court in Tarrant County in 2016. This misdemeanor DWI Court focuses on identifying and treating individuals that might otherwise continue to drink and drive, putting themselves and others at risk, and also risking a felony DWI (a third DWI in Texas is a felony). The goal of a misdemeanor DWI Court is to rehabilitate high-risk individuals by setting out stringent conditions they must follow, including completing a treatment program. It is more intensive than a typical probation. Additionally, participants in DWI programs receive individualized attention and immediate sanctions for any violations. DWI Courts ultimately save taxpayer dollars by holding DWI offenders accountable by treating the underlying costs of repeat drunk driving offenses. A number of counties in Texas have DWI Court programs including Bexar County, Harris County, and Dallas County. What Charges are Accepted into the Program? Most people accepted into the program have been charged with DWI-Misdemeanor Repetition or DWI with a BAC over . 15. Other DWI charges are accepted on a case-by-case basis, including some Class B DWIs and non-alcohol DWI cases. Defendants with prior 3(g) offenses and sex offenses are ineligible for entry into the DWI Court Program. What are the Advantages of a DWI Court Program? Judge Nekhom developed the Tarrant County DWI Court after researching both the supporting legislation and other counties in Texas that successfully implemented the program. The DWI Court is not a diversion program, in the sense that it does not allow a person to avoid a conviction. Instead, it is a post-plea program that offers many advantages over a typical DWI-Misdemeanor Repetition probation. These advantages include: Suspension of DWI fees of up to $4,000; Suspension as days in jail as a condition of probation; Financial incentives in obtaining an occupational license. What are the Tarrant County DWI Court Program Requirements? The Tarrant County DWI Court Program is divided into four phases. The first phase will be the most intensive in regards to the classes and conditions a participant must complete. Participants will be required to attend AA, have a sponsor, regularly report to court and the Community Supervision and Corrections Department, and provide clean urine and drug tests to prove their sobriety. Participants will also interact with FAIP participants, who are facing felony DWI allegations to further remind the DWI Court Program Participants about the dangers of reoffending. The Court will have the ability to impose sanctions on participants, including jail time. The program is also designed... > Our attorneys can maximize your chances of getting into the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program. Call for free consultation - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/dpp/ Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program (DPP) Are you under age 24? Is this your first – and hopefully last – arrest? Are you interested in avoiding a conviction and removing the arrest from your record? If so, the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program could be the opportunity you are looking for. May 2022 Update – Candidates up to the age of 26 may now apply. What is the Tarrant County Deferred Prosecution Program? The Deferred Prosecution Program, or DPP, was created by the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office decades ago to give young, first-time offenders a chance at rehabilitation and having their case dismissed, thereby avoiding the stigma and consequences of a criminal conviction. The DPP process begins by hiring an attorney who will guide you through the application process. Those who are accepted into the program and successfully complete it will have their pending charges dismissed and are eligible for an immediate expunction. Common offenses that are eligible for the DPP program are possession of marijuana and shoplifting. As former Tarrant County prosecutors, we’ve been on the other side of the DPP process and vetted and interviewed candidates who applied to the program. Now as defense attorneys, we are extremely successful in getting our clients into DPP. However, the most important factor in the admission process is you and your commitment to rehabilitating yourself and successfully completing the program. What is the Application Process for the Deferred Prosecution Program in Tarrant County? Applicants must be between 17 to 24 at the time of their offense. They must hire an attorney and apply for the program within 60 days of their case being filed. There are no exceptions. The DPP application is obtained by their attorney. The applicant must then completely fill out the application, provide two letters of recommendation, provide a personal statement, transcripts, and a negative drug test administered by the Community Supervision and Corrections Department (CSCD) of Tarrant County. Drug testing will be performed by CSCD at the following locations (first come, first served): Central 200 W Belknap St, (basement) MALES only 7:30 am – 5:00 pm Central 300 W Belknap St, (4th floor) FEMALES only 8:00 am – 5:00 pm 3210 Miller Ave (Miller Complex) MALE and FEMALE 7:00 am – 6:00 pm What Offenses are Eligible for DPP? DPP consists of two tracks. Track A is the traditional track, which consists of an application, background investigation, orientation interview and an agreement to abide by the conditions of the program. Track B is for offenders with marijuana and substance abuse charges. It consists of an application, background investigation, orientation, agreement to abide by the conditions of the program, as well as drug testing. Here’s a list of eligible offenses for the Track A and Track B programs. DPP Track A – Eligible Offenses Theft and theft of service, where the value is less than $20,000 – (M to SJF) Unauthorized use of a vehicle – (SJF) Burglary (vehicle, building, coin operated machine – (M to SJF)... > Charged with DWI while high on marijuana? Call a Fort Worth Driving While Intoxicated - Marijuana lawyer for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/marijuana/ Fort Worth Marijuana DWI Lawyer When most people think about Driving While Intoxicated charges, they assume it involves alcohol. But can you be arrested for DWI in Texas if you are alleged to have been high on marijuana? Yes, depending on the facts of the case. If you have been charged with driving under the influence of cannabis, a Fort Worth marijuana DWI lawyer can help. Here's some answers to frequently asked questions about DWI-Marijuana charges in Texas. If you are facing a straight possession charge rather than a DWI, our Fort Worth marijuana lawyer can help. Is marijuana an intoxicant in Texas? Yes, under Texas law, intoxicants include: Drugs; Dangerous drugs; Controlled substances; Combination of substances; Or any other substance. The major psychoactive ingredient in marijuana is delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. It is one of approximately 80 chemical compounds that are unique to marijuana. THC would be considered an intoxicant in Texas for purposes of a DWI. A prosecutor could bring DWI charges based on THC or THC metabolites in a person's system. Having a prescription for marijuana or any other substance containing THC is not a defense to driving while intoxicated in Texas. In addition to smoking marijuana or consuming edibles containing THC, there are many other ways THC can be introduced into the body, including: Hash Wax and Oils - Butane Hash Oil (BHO), honey oil, budder, and shatter Marijuana and PCP mixtures smoked together Primo - marijuana and crack smoked together How does marijuana affect the body? Marijuana is a central nervous system depressant. As as a result, field sobriety tests, including the one-legged stand and walk-and-turn, may give officers useful information about a person's loss of normal use of mental or physical faculties. Similarly, the Rhomberg Balance Test - which requires a driver suspected of DWI to close their eyes, tilt their head and estimate when 30 seconds has passed - may indicate the driver's internal clock has slowed down. How much marijuana does it take to be considered "intoxicated" in Texas? Unlike alcohol, where Texas drivers are considered to be intoxicated if they have a blood alcohol concentration of . 08 or greater, there is no such concentration for THC or any other cannabinoid in Texas. In other words, there is no per se limit or law in Texas regarding marijuana intoxication. This is due to the fact that there has not been widespread testing of THC use or concentrations in the body under controlled lab conditions in the way that there has been for alcohol. Rather, prosecutors just have to prove that the driver does not have normal use of their mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs or substances in their body. Only a handful of states have implemented a per se limit for THC in the blood. Below is a list of the states that have implemented either a per se limit or a zero tolerance for driving when there is any detectable amount of THC in the driver's system:... > Your case could be dismissed after completing the Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion program. Call today for free attorney consult. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tarrant-county-diversion-programs/domestic-violence-diversion/ Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program What is the Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program? The Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program is a 12-month, pre-trial program for first-time defendants charged with misdemeanor family violence. The intensive program is focused on treatment and rehabilitation, rather than incarceration, and is a way to potentially avoid a conviction and criminal record. Notably, the alleged victim must sign off on the defendant’s participation in the program. If you or a loved one is interested in the Tarrant County Domestic Violence Diversion Program, and believe you meet the criteria outlined in this article, contact an experienced attorney to walk you through the process. The program is not easy and it’s not for everyone. Who is Eligible for the Domestic Violence Diversion Program? Not everyone accused of domestic violence is eligible for the Domestic Violence Diversion Program. To qualify for the program, certain specific criteria must be met: The offense for which you are accused must involve partner-on-partner violence (misdemeanor); You must not have any current or prior violations of a protective order; There must not be any allegations of stalking; You must not have any active warrants for your arrest; You must have no other pending charges; You must have no prior history of diversion; You must be committed to completing the program; and You must have the consent of the victim to participate in the program What’s the Procedure for the Domestic Violence Diversion Program? In addition to having the victim’s consent, the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office must also recommend you for the program. Getting the DA’s approval usually will require the assistance of your attorney who will contact the prosecutor on your case and discuss why you would be a good candidate. After acceptance, the following procedures will be followed: The defendant must enroll in the program at the first consultation docket. The defendant will be assessed for appropriate programs. The victim must sign a consent form for the defendant to participate in the Domestic Violence Diversion Program. The defendant enters a plea of guilty to Assault (Family Violence) and the Judge recesses the hearing for one year. The defendant completes the diversion program as a condition of bond. Once the defendant successfully completes the program, the defendant is allowed to withdraw the plea of guilty and the judge dismisses the case. What are the Domestic Violence Program Guidelines? As mentioned, the year-long program is intensive. Participants are under court supervision the entire time and will be required to: Report in person to the case manager once a week during first 30 days. Maintain a minimum of two (2) contacts per month for the remainder of the program. (Reporting requirements are determined by the participant’s compliance) Complete all treatment and counseling as recommended Attend a progress review with the court as directed, but at least once during the 12-month program. Pay a supervision fee of $60 a month while participating in the program. What Happens if I Violate a Condition of... > TAIP is a tool designed to assess the needs of individuals with possible substance abuse issues that can be corrected offering a pathway to rehabilitation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/taip-assessment/ TAIP Assessment What Is The TAIP Assessment In Texas? TAIP (Treatment Alternative to Incarceration Programs) is designed to assess a defendant’s substance abuse problems and assign an appropriate treatment plan. TAIP is not designed to punish an individual, but rather as a way to help individuals with substance abuse issues. Here are some answers to some frequently asked questions about Tarrant County’s TAIP program and what you can expect if you or a loved one is required to undergo a TAIP evaluation. What is TAIP short for? TAIP stands for Treatment Alternative to Incarceration Programs. What is TAIP? TAIP is a program designed by probation and corrections departments across the state of Texas to determine what treatments may be necessary for offenders with a drug or alcohol problem. Instead of serving time in jail or prison for drug or alcohol crimes, TAIP was created as a way for offenders to be treated through programs such as rehab or counseling. After program administrators determine a defendant’s drug and alcohol dependency, an appropriate treatment plan is designed to hopefully rehabilitate and prevent future drug or alcohol-related crimes. Who oversees TAIP in Tarrant County? The Tarrant County Community Supervision and Corrections Department oversee the TAIP program. Who schedules a TAIP evaluation? A TAIP evaluation is assigned and scheduled by a probation officer and is then conducted by a licensed counselor by the state of Texas. What happens in a TAIP evaluation? A TAIP evaluation will usually begin with a series of questions designed to determine the individual’s substance use history and habits. These are simple questions to ascertain what types of drugs you have used, how long you have been using, etc. During a TAIP evaluation, you should also expect to take a drug test. After the interview and evaluation is complete, a score is given indicating what level of treatment is necessary. The defendant is then assigned a treatment plan that officials believe will result in the highest likelihood of success in reducing substance abuse and crime. What types of drug programs are offered in Tarrant County through TAIP There are multiple outcomes after a TAIP assessment is completed. The vast majority of probationers, around 97 percent, will be assigned to an Outpatient Substance Abuse Counseling program, which can last around six months. There are other less common outcomes, such as Detoxification Treatment, which takes around three days to complete. There is also Intensive Residential Treatment, which is an in-house program that lasts around 30 days. There is also a Standard Residential Treatment program that lasts around 60 days. These treatments are given to probationers with serious abuse problems and are also relatively uncommon. It’s possible that a drug abuse professional could also find that no treatment is necessary and recommend that to a judge, however it is still the judge’s discretion to assign treatment. Is TAIP a statewide program? Yes. It initially started in the 1990s as a response to a major increase in drug crimes. At first, the TAIP program... > The deadline to apply for the Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship is April 1, 2027. This cause is especially close to our hearts. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/down-syndrome-scholarship/ Overview of the Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship 2027 Amount: $500 Deadline: April 1, 2027 Notification: May 1, 2027 Each year, approximately 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome, a chromosomal condition that occurs when there is a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21. This additional gene can affect an individual’s life, educational development, characteristics, personality, and physicality. The attorneys and legal professionals at Varghese Summersett believe in giving back to the community, especially with causes close to our hearts. Three members of our legal team have children with special needs, and in an effort to recognize and honor them, we are proud to offer our annual Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship. This scholarship is intended for a deserving child with Down syndrome who is in need of financial aid to support educational or recreational opportunities. The award may be used towards a camp, tutoring, education, or other tools to help the student thrive, prosper, and have a fulfilling life. Eligibility for the Down Syndrome Scholarship To be eligible for the Varghese Summersett Down Syndrome Scholarship, applicants must be: a student diagnosed with Down syndrome a resident of the United States. Click Below for the Application Application Deadline All scholarship criteria must be submitted on or before April 1, 2027. Applications sent after the April 1st deadline will not be considered. To check out our other scholarship opportunities, please visit https://www. varghese-summersett. mysites. io/scholarships/. Questions? Email melody@versustexas. com. Please Take a Moment to Watch this Video by Partner Anna Summersett > The Varghese Summersett Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship is awarded to incoming or current law school students. Apply now. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-justice-changemaker-scholarship/ Overview of Varghese Summersett Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship The attorneys at Varghese Summersett PLLC practice criminal law at both the state and federal level. Although our careers reflect our love and passion for the criminal justice system, we are constantly striving to improve an imperfect system. To share our passion, we are proud to announce our annual Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship, which awards a student $1,000 to pursue their education. As times change, laws and the penalties associated with them can become outdated. We are inviting incoming or current law school students to write an essay voicing their opinion on one current law or piece of legislation that deserves to be updated. The applicant should explain how this criminal justice reform can have a lasting impact on society. Students applying should have an interest in pursuing a career in the criminal justice field for this scholarship opportunity. Eligibility To be eligible, applicants must be: an incoming or current law student in the United States interested in a criminal justice career. Application Requirements A current resume; A current transcript; The name of the law school you are attending or where you are seeking admission; A 100 percent original essay of 500-1500 words offering an opinion on a current law or piece of legislation that deserves to be updated and how this change will have a lasting impact on society. There is no GPA requirement. Click Below for the Application Application Deadline All scholarship criteria must be submitted on or before October 1, 2025. Applications sent after the deadline will not be considered. Essays should not have been previously published anywhere and no copyrighted material may be used. 2025 Scholarship Winner Congratulations to Hayley Richbart, the recipient of the 2025 Varghese Summersett Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship. Hayley attends the University of Virginia Law School in Charlottesville. Her winning essay explored recent legislation that threatens to severely limit incarcerated individuals' access to post-conviction relief, especially defendants sentenced to death. Great job Hayley! > In 2022, we are offering a criminal justice scholarship and two special needs scholarships. Learn more about Varghese Summersett annual scholarships. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/community-involvement/ Varghese Summersett awards several scholarships each year, including a $1,000 Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship for law school students and $500 special needs scholarships for students with Down syndrome and autism. Applications are accepted on a rolling annual basis. Varghese Summersett is a premier Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. The firm's 70+ legal professionals handle criminal defense, family law, and personal injury cases across Texas. Beyond the courtroom, the firm is deeply committed to the communities it serves — funding scholarships for law students and students with Down syndrome and autism. You've Seen Us On What Scholarships Does Varghese Summersett Offer? Each year, Varghese Summersett gives back to the community by awarding scholarships to deserving students. Two of the firm's top criminal defense attorneys, Christy Jack and Letty Martinez, and our client relations specialist, Carmen Griffth, have children with special needs and are passionate advocates for youth with disabilities. That personal commitment drives the firm's special needs scholarship programs. Below is an overview of all scholarship currently offered. Down Syndrome Scholarship Varghese Summersett awards an annual $500 Down Syndrome Scholarship to a deserving student who needs financial support for educational or recreational opportunities. The award can be applied toward camp, tutoring, classes, secondary education, post-secondary education, or any tool that helps the child learn and flourish. This scholarship was created to honor the team members at our firm who are parents of children with disabilities and who understand firsthand the financial and emotional demands families face. If you know a student with Down syndrome who could benefit from this award, visit the Down Syndrome Scholarship page to learn more and submit an application. Autism Scholarship Varghese Summersett also awards an annual $500 Autism Scholarship to a youth diagnosed with autism. This scholarship is designed to help offset the cost of recreational or educational opportunities, including camp, tutoring, classes, or tools that support the student's progress and quality of life. To submit an application for an autistic child in your life, visit the Autism Scholarship page for complete details and instructions. Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship Varghese Summersett awards a $1,000 Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship each year to a deserving law school student with an interest in criminal justice. Applicants are asked to identify a piece of legislation or a law they believe is outdated and explain how updating it would benefit society. Students interested in a career in the criminal justice field are strongly encouraged to apply. Deadline: October 1, 2026 Applications are currently being accepted for the 2026 award cycle. Visit the Criminal Justice Changemaker Scholarship page for full eligibility requirements and to submit your application. Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Deadline: June 1, 2026 On February 16, 2024, Elena Rios, a mother of four and grandmother of 13, was tragically killed in a forklift accident at a north Fort Worth Walmart distribution center. Elena was a devoted mother, grandmother, sister, friend, and active member of the north Fort Worth community. Varghese Summersett... > Bail bonds in Texas allow you to get out of jail while the case is pending. You can post your own bond, be released on personal recognizance or use a bondsman. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-bail-bonds/ Fort Worth Bail Bonds Lawyer You’ve just been arrested and taken to jail. But how long will you have to be there? Trials often take place months or even years after the initial arrest. The following will offer a quick overview of bail bonds in Texas so that you will not have to sit in jail any longer than necessary. If you need help getting a loved one released from custody, call a Fort Worth bail bonds lawyer for help. Our attorneys can explain the process and work to secure a favorable outcome. What is a Bail Bond? “Bail” refers to the procedure by which courts allow someone accused of a crime to leave jail while they wait for their trial date. Essentially, it is a payment temporarily made to the court to allow someone out of jail until their trial and acts as an assurance that the arrestee will appear at trial. Before going any further, it is important to understand the different terminology regarding bail. To make bail, an accused needs a “Bail Bond. ” A bail bond is a writing in which the court tells the accused that he can leave jail for now but must be back on a certain date in exchange for something from the accused. What the court gets from the accused can be in the form of a cash bond, surety bond, or a personal bond. For more information about bail bonds in Texas, please reference the Code of Criminal Procedure 17A. 01-02. Why Hire an Attorney Before You Pay a Bond? First and foremost, you will have no idea if the bond that was set on your loved one's case is reasonable or not. An attorney in Fort Worth will be able to determine whether the bail bond is within the range customary to your location. If the bond is excessive, the attorney can ask for the bond to be reduced. This could save you hundreds to thousands of dollars. Second, there may be ways to secure a person's release without a bond, including personal recognizance bonds, and release for mental health supervision. What is a cash bond? A cash bond is a payment in cash by the accused for the full amount of bond set by the magistrate. The arrestee will pay either with their own assets or with assets borrowed from friends or family. The arrestee will pay the court up front, be released from jail, and will be refunded completely when they fully comply with their obligation to show up to court. What is a surety bond? The most common type of bail bond in Texas, and the kind that most people think of when hearing the term bail bond, is a surety bond. A surety bond is when someone other than the accused accepts liability for ensuring the accused returns to court. This other person is referred to as a surety. Often, the surety is a bail bondsman. Bail bondsmen charge a fee to use their services.... > We believe in giving back to the community, especially with causes that we hold close to our hearts. Apply for the Varghese Summersett Autism Scholarship today. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/autism-scholarship/ Overview of Varghese Summersett Autism Scholarship Amount: $500 Deadline: April 1, 2027 Notification: May 1, 2027 Approximately 1 in 59 children are affected by autism, making it the fastest-growing developmental disorder. It is also often associated with other disorders. Autism affects brain development, and if diagnosed early on, those affected can have a better quality of life. That's why Varghese Summersett proudly offers an annual Autism Scholarship to honor a cause near and dear to our hearts. Three members of our legal team have children with disabilities, and to recognize and support families navigating similar challenges, we offer this annual scholarship. This scholarship is intended to assist a deserving autistic child who needs financial aid for educational or recreational opportunities. The award may be used towards a camp, tutoring, education, or other tools to help the student progress and live a fulfilling, happy life. Eligibility for Varghese Summersett Autism Scholarship To be eligible, applicants must be: a student diagnosed with autism a resident of the United States Click Below for Application Application Deadline All scholarship criteria must be submitted on or before April 1, 2027. Applications sent after the April 1st deadline will not be considered. To check out our other scholarship opportunities, please visit versustexas. com/scholarships. Please take a moment to watch this video by Partner Anna Summersett. > Accused of medical child abuse in North exas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/medical-child-abuse/ Medical Child Abuse In Texas | Munchausen Defense Medical child abuse, also known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, is a mental health disorder that causes a parent or caregiver to fabricate or induce illness in a child. This can be done by either directly causing harm to the child or by making up false information to get medical professionals to treat the child. The motivation is usually attention-seeking. Medical child abuse is a very serious allegation that can have devastating consequences for the child and the caregiver. In this blog post, we are going to discuss the crime, the consequences, and give examples of real cases in Texas. If you or a loved one has been accused of medical child abuse in North Texas, it’s imperative to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. Police and prosecutors take these cases very seriously and will aggressively pursue a conviction. At Varghese Summersett, our attorneys have vast experience handling child abuse cases – first as specialized child abuse prosecutors and now as highly-skilled defense attorneys. What is medical child abuse in Texas? Medical child abuse – which is commonly known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy – occurs when a caregiver (usually a mother) creates or exaggerates medical symptoms in a child to garner attention. In turn, the child undergoes painful and unneeded medical tests, procedures or surgeries. The caregiver’s actions are often the result of a mental illness, which is also referred to as factitious disorder, that causes her to seek attention. How is medical child abuse charged in North Texas? In Texas, there is no statute for “medical child abuse. ” It falls under injury to a child, which can be found in Section 22. 04 of the Texas Penal Code. A person commits injury to a child if he or she intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence, causes to a child: serious bodily injury; serious mental deficiency, impairment or injury; or bodily injury. What is the punishment for medical child abuse in Texas? Medical child abuse in Texas is punished as injury to a child, which can be a first-degree felony, second-degree felony, third-degree felony or state jail felony. The charge will depend on the severity of the child’s injuries and the caregiver’s mental state and whether the injuries were allegedly inflicted intentionally or knowingly, recklessly or negligently. A first-degree felony is punishable by five to 99 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. A second-degree felony is punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,00 fine. A third-degree felony is punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10000 fine. A state jail felony is punishable by six months to two years in a state jail and a maximum $10000 fine. If you or a loved one has been arrested on allegations of medical child abuse, it’s important to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible to find out the severity of the charge... > Interfering with a flight crew is a federal crime that officials don't take lightly. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced federal defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/interfering-with-a-flight-crew/ What Is Interfering With A Flight Crew? | Airplane Disturbances Unruly airline passenger incidents remain high as, seemingly every week, we hear of a flight being diverted or delayed because of a belligerent traveler. The friendly skies aren’t always so friendly. In 2023, the Federal Aviation Administration received 2031 reports of unruly passengers, down from 2,455 reports the year before. In 2021, the FFA received 5,973 reports of unruly passengers, a record high. Interfering with a flight crew is a federal crime and can bring severe penalties, including years in prison and massive fines. The FAA can also levy additional substantial civil penalties. In this post, we’ll explain the offense of interfering with a flight crew, detail the penalties, and take a look at some cases that made the news. But first, please watch this informative video by attorney Audrey Hatcher. What is Interfering with a Flight Crew? According to 49 U. S. Code § 46504, the federal charge of interfering with a flight crew occurs if a person on an aircraft in flight assaults or intimidates any member of the flight’s crew, including pilots and flight attendants. This includes interfering with or preventing the ability of the crew member to perform their job in any way. The aircraft is considered by law to be in flight once all external doors are closed and until one external door is opened. The key point is that the plane does not have to be in the air for an offense to occur. Again, it’s important to point out that the offense doesn’t have to include a physical assault or threat of assault to affect a crew. Actions that can be considered interference with a flight crew include: Physically blocking a crew member from walking the aisle or out of the galley Ignoring repeated requests to sit down, return to your seat, or turn off an electronic device Threatening to hurt a crew member, a pilot, or anyone else on the airplane Shining a laser pointer into a cockpit from the ground The pertinent laws cover what is referred to as the “special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States,” which we’ll later explain in detail. What Constitutes Intimidating a Flight Crew Member? Intimidation can be caused verbally or by actions. In either instance, if the victim has reasonable apprehension of pending bodily harm to them or another, intimidation could apply. Additionally, intimidation could also include the use of words or actions to make someone fearful or from making someone refrain from doing what they normally would or would not do. The prosecutors must prove the defendant knowingly assaulted or intimidated a crew member of the aircraft and that the offense interfered with the performance of the crew member’s duties. What does Special Aircraft Jurisdiction of the U. S. Mean? The term “special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States” refers to any aircraft that meets the following criteria: A civil aircraft of the United States An aircraft of the armed forces of the United... > Facing charges of impersonating a public servant? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/impersonating-a-public-servant/ Impersonating a Public Servant | Criminal Defense In Texas, pretending to be a police officer, firefighter, judge, or any other type of government employee is a crime. In fact, it’s a felony. It’s called “impersonating a public servant” and police and prosecutors don’t take these accusations lightly. Impersonating a Public Servant in Fort Worth, Arlington, Southlake or Surrounding Areas If you or a loved one is facing a charge of impersonating a public servant in Fort Worth or Tarrant County, it’s crucial to contact an experienced attorney immediately. Our team of former prosecutors and board-certified attorneys have experience handling impersonation charges and will aggressively defend you and fight to protect your freedom. What is Impersonating a Public Servant in Texas? Under Section 31. 11 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits the offense of impersonating a public servant if he or she: 1) impersonates a public servant with intent to induce another to submit to the person’s pretended official authority or to rely on the person’s pretend official acts; or 2) knowingly purports to exercise, without legal authority, any function of a public servant or of a public office of a judge and court. In layman’s terms, it is a crime to pretend to be a public servant, such as a police officer or a judge, in order to get someone to obey your authority. What is the punishment for impersonating a public servant? Impersonating a public servant in Texas is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. If you have been charged with this offense, you need to have an experienced aggressive criminal defense attorney in your corner. At Varghese Summersett, our goal is three-fold: Keep you out of jail; Avoid a felony conviction Resolve the case in a manner that allows for an expunction. Who is considered a public servant in Texas? Under Texas law, a public servant is an individual who is elected, selected, appointed, employed as a: police officer government employee government agent juror or grand juror attorney or notary public forming a government function candidate for public office What are some examples of people who have been accused of impersonating a public servant in Texas? Two people were arrested in Amarillo for impersonating a public servant after officials said they identified themselves as personnel with the Amarillo Fire Department and were asking people for money. An El Paso man was arrested on a charge of impersonating a public servant after allegedly trying conduct a traffic stop using red and blue lights. The Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association filed a complaint after alleging that a court coordinator pretended to be the presiding judge during a Zoom hearing. A Wichita Falls man was charged with impersonating a public servant after he allegedly claimed to be a U. S. marshal working security evictions and detained a man for criminal trespassing. A Plano resident was arrested for impersonating a public servant after police said he posed as judge in... > Facing obstruction or retaliation charges? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/obstruction-or-retaliation-charges/ Obstruction or Retaliation Charges | Fort Worth Criminal Defense Defending Obstruction or Retaliation Charges in Fort Worth When people are arrested and their lives are upended, they sometimes look for revenge or a way to obstruct the legal process. They may harm or threaten the person who reported the crime, a witness, or an informant - or even the police, prosecutor or judge handling their case. Under Texas law, this is referred to as obstruction or retaliation, and it’s a separate crime that can carry significant consequences. Fort Worth Retaliation Lawyers Serving Tarrant County and Surrounding Areas Police and prosecutors don’t take retaliation or obstruction accusations lightly. If you or a loved one is facing a charge of retaliation or obstruction in Fort Worth or Tarrant County, it’s imperative to seek an experienced defense attorney immediately. This charge carries prison time and you can bet prosecutors are going to try and get it. Our team of former prosecutors and board certified attorneys have experience handling retaliation/obstruction charges and will fight to protect your freedom. What is obstruction or retaliation in Texas? Obstruction or retaliation is defined in Section 36. 06 of the Texas Penal Code and is pretty straight forward. The first part of the definition deals with retaliation, while the second pertains to obstruction. The last part of the definition addresses publicly posting a public servant’s personal information. Retaliation: A person commits retaliation if he or she intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another in retaliation for or on account of their service or status as a public servant (police, prosecutor, judge, etc. ), witness, prospective witness, informant, or person who reported a crime or intends to report crime. Obstruction: A person commits obstruction if he or she intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another to prevent or delay the service of another as a public servant, witness, prospective witness, informant, or a person who has reported a crime or intends to report a crime. “Doxxing:” Recently, this statute was amended to also include what is commonly referred to as doxxing - or publicly posting a public servant’s home address or phone number. If someone retaliates against a public servant by publicly posting their personal address or phone number - or their family member’s information - they can be charged with retaliation. Differentiating between Obstruction and Retaliation When differentiating between obstruction and retaliation, note that obstruction occurs before something - such an upcoming court hearing or a trial. An example would be threatening to harm a witness if they testify against you at trial. Retaliation occurs after the fact - such as an arrest. An example would be threatening to harm the police officer who arrested you. Texas Criminal Law: Retaliation vs. Obstruction Texas Criminal Law: Retaliation vs. Obstruction Criteria Retaliation Obstruction Definition Retaliation occurs when someone harms or threatens to harm another person as a result of that person's service or status as a public servant, witness, informant, or someone who has reported a... > Nondisclosure of criminal records in Texas is a powerful took to seal an arrest from appearing in most records. Fort Worth Nondisclosure attorney explains. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-nondisclosure/ Nondisclosure of Criminal Records In Texas What is Nondisclosure? Our Fort Worth Nondisclosure Lawyer Explains A non-disclosure is a court order that prevents public entities, including police, prosecutors, and court clerks, from disclosing or releasing arrest and case information to the general public. The charge is sealed from public view and it will not show up on most background checks. People who receive a nondisclosure do not have to report their arrest to most employers. However, certain licensing agencies, law enforcement and government organizations will still have access to the information and records. People interested in becoming a teacher, nurse, lawyer or any job licensed by the state must report it to their respective licensing agency, as these boards will see the charge. Background of Criminal Nondisclosures In Texas, any type of arrest or criminal charge – even if it resulted in a favorable outcome – can adversely impact your future. A criminal record may prevent you from getting into the college of your choice, landing your dream job, or even closing a deal on a new house. It is important to understand your options. A nondisclosure allows you to seal your record from most prying eyes so you can get on with your life. In this article, Benson Varghese, a Fort Worth Nondisclosure Lawyer, explains the nondisclosure process in Texas. Fortunately, significant changes to nondisclosure laws went into effect in September 2015, and again in September 2017 and 2019, which expanded eligibility for people seeking to seal their criminal record through a nondisclosure. If you believe you may be eligible for a nondisclosure, contact a Fort Worth Nondisclosure Attorney at our office for a free consultation. We will review your case and work to get your criminal record sealed so you can put your past behind you. What’s the Difference between a Nondisclosure and an Expunction? An expunction orders the destruction of all records of an offense. A nondisclosure, on the other hand, seals the record prevents the Texas Department of Public Safety and other law enforcement agencies from releasing arrest and case information to anyone other than another law enforcement agency or certain specific agencies. In other words, a nondisclosure ensures that your record is no longer a “public record. ” Who is Eligible for a Nondisclosure? Prior to September 1, 2015, only individuals who had their cases dismissed after successfully completing deferred adjudication probation were eligible for a nondisclosure. That has since changed – and in a big way. Currently, there are a number of scenarios under which nondisclosures are now possible. Under Texas Government Code, Chapter 411, you may qualify for a nondisclosure (other conditions apply) if: you successfully completed deferred adjudication for certain nonviolent misdemeanors AFTER September 1, 2017 and it has been at least 180 days since your plea – Section 411. 072. This is sometimes referred to as an automatic nondiclsoure because the judge “shall” grant the order of nondisclosure UNLESS the judge finds it would not be in the best interest of... > Online Solicitation of a Minor is a third degree felony in Texas, but do you know when it can be filed as a second degree felony? Find out! - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-06-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/online-solicitation-of-a-minor/ What is online solicitation of a minor in Texas? Online Solicitation of a Minor is a felony offense in Texas that occurs when an adult communicates online with a person who is actually under 17 (a minor) or someone whom the adult believes is under 17 (law enforcement posing as a minor) and: has a sexually explicit conversation, or sends a sexually explicit photo or video, or asks to meet the minor to engage in sexual contact. This is generally a third-degree felony, but under certain circumstances, it can be enhanced to a second-degree or even first-degree felony. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=r_ALbmGv9CQ What Conduct Gives Rise to an Online Solicitation of a Minor charge? There are two ways a person can be charged with online solicitation of a minor: Under Penal Code Section 33. 021(b): A person commits an offense by using the internet to communicate in a sexually explicit manner with a minor or distribute sexually explicit material to a minor. Sexually explicit means any communication, language, or material, including a photographic or video image, that relates to or describes sexual conduct. This conversation is a third-degree felony if the minor is 14 or over. It's a second-degree felony if the minor is under 14. Under Section 33. 021(c): A person commits an offense if they use the internet to knowingly solicit a minor to meet with the intent that the minor would engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse. This is a second-degree felony regardless of whether the minor was under 14 or not. It does not matter whether or not the meeting occurred or even if the accused intended for the meeting to occur. Understanding the School Enhancement Under Section 33. 021(f-1) The school enhancement is a critical provision that can significantly increase the punishment for online solicitation charges. Under Texas Penal Code § 33. 021(f-1), an offense is enhanced by one degree if: The conduct constituting the offense was committed during regular school hours; AND The actor knew or reasonably should have known that the minor was enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school at the time of the offense This means: A third-degree felony (normally 2-10 years) becomes a second-degree felony (2-20 years) A second-degree felony for soliciting a minor under 14 becomes a first-degree felony (5-99 years or life) Online Solicitation of a Minor in Texas - Complete Punishment Table Offense Penal Code Section Base Felony Level With School Enhancement Punishment Range Sexually explicit communication with a minor (age 14-16) Texas Penal Code § 33. 021(b) Third-Degree Felony Second-Degree Felony Base: 2-10 years Enhanced: 2-20 years Sexually explicit communication with a minor (under 14) Texas Penal Code § 33. 021(b) Second-Degree Felony First-Degree Felony Base: 2-20 years Enhanced: 5-99 years or life Sending sexually explicit material to a minor (age 14-16) Texas Penal Code § 33. 021(b) Third-Degree Felony Second-Degree Felony Base: 2-10 years Enhanced: 2-20 years Sending sexually explicit material to a minor (under 14) Texas Penal... > If you or your child is accused of cyberbullying, you must consult a top Fort Worth cyberbullying lawyer as soon as possible. Call Varghese Summersett now. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-cyberbullying-lawyer/ Is Cyberbullying a Crime in Texas? tl;dr: Cyberbullying can be a crime in Texas and can be filed as a harassment charge. Texas also passed David’s law that created requirements for schools to report bullying – even a single instance – to parents. Bullying among school children has long been an issue for educators and parents. However, the problem has only worsened with the emergence of the Internet, social media, and smartphones. Cyberbullying occurs when someone uses an electronic device to intentionally engage in communication to harass, annoy, alarm, torment, or embarrass another. The abuse could occur through published posts on the Internet, including social media, that are reasonably likely to cause emotional distress. Our Fort Worth cyberbullying lawyer explains Texas laws on cyberbullying, how school districts handle cyberbullying, and the punishment for a conviction. What is Cyberbullying in Texas? Cyberbullying is covered in the Texas Penal Code under harassment. Section 42. 07 details what Texas considers cyberbullying. According to the law, a person engages in cyberbullying if they: Send repeated electronic communications in a manner reasonably likely to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass or offend another; or Publish on an Internet website, including a social media platform, repeated electronic communications in a manner reasonably likely to cause emotional distress, abuse, or torment to another person unless the communications are made in connection with a matter of public concern. Other forms of harassment that could fall under the umbrella of cyberbullying include intentionally communicating an obscene proposal, or threat, conveying a false report, making a call, or sending a message designed to harass, annoy, alarm, embarrass, or torment. What is David’s Law in Texas? In 2016, Texas lawmakers signed Senate Bill 179, known as David’s Law. David’s law amended the Texas Education Code to make cyberbullying a criminal offense. It’s named after David Molak, a 16-year-old San Antonio boy who committed suicide after relentless cyberbullying. Where and when does David’s Law apply in Texas? David’s law includes cyberbullying occurring off-campus and outside of school-sponsored or related activities if it interferes with a student’s education or disrupts the orderly operation of a classroom or school-related activity. Cyberbullying is also a charge that can be filed against a juvenile, often as a harassment charge. If that happens be sure to call our expert juvenile defense attorney, Lisa Herrick. It also covers bullying on school property, during school-related activity, or in a school-related vehicle such as a bus. An adept Fort Worth cyberbullying lawyer will explain the ramifications of the charge and devise an appropriate defense strategy. What are a Texas school’s responsibilities in a cyberbullying case? Texas schools are required to employ a way for students to report bullying anonymously. School officials must also report the incident to the alleged victim’s parents within three business days and to the alleged bully’s parents within a reasonable time. The school, however, isn’t required to report the incident to the police. Are Texas schools required to report cyberbullying to the police? No, under David’s... > Were you or a loved one accused of deadly conduct in North Texas? Call for a free consulation with a Dallas deadly conduct lawyer. 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/deadly-conduct/ Dallas Deadly Conduct Lawyer It’s not uncommon to hear about people in Dallas being arrested for deadly conduct – but what does that mean? In most cases in Texas, a deadly conduct charge stems from the reckless use of a firearm, such as brandishing a gun at someone, or firing a gun in the air, in someone’s direction, or at a car, home, building. However, deadly conduct does not always involve a firearm. It can also include engaging in some other form of reckless conduct that causes someone to fear for their life. If you or a loved one has been accused of deadly conduct in Dallas or the surrounding area, it’s imperative to contact an experienced Dallas deadly conduct lawyer who has successfully defended these types of cases. A conviction can jeopardize your freedom and future, so don’t take chances regarding your criminal defense. In this article, an experienced Dallas deadly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summersett explains deadly conduct, the punishment, possible defenses, and the importance of retaining a highly skilled criminal defense lawyer if you’ve been accused of this offense. Texas Deadly Conduct Law – Texas Penal Code Section 22. 05 Deadly Conduct is defined in Section 22. 05 of the Texas Penal Code and outlines two ways to commit this offense. A person commits this offense if he or she: a) recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury. b) knowingly discharges a firearm in the direction of one or more individuals; or a habitation, building, or vehicle and is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied ** Recklessness and danger are presumed if the actor knowingly pointed a firearm at or in the direction of another whether or not the actor believed the fiream to be loaded. Serious Bodily Injury and Recklessness There are two key terms in this statute that warrants further explanation: Serious bodily injury and Recklessness. A serious bodily injury is one that creates a substantial risk of death or causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ. Recklessness refers to the act of consciously disregarding a substantial and unjustifiable risk that a certain outcome will occur. This risk must be of such a nature and degree that its disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard or care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances. The legal system is not easy for laypeople to understand. If you are facing this charge, a Dallas deadly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summersett can explain the elements of the offense and how it applies to your case in detail. Examples of Deadly Conduct As mentioned, deadly conduct is a fairly common charge in North Texas. While the details can vary, some possible examples of deadly conduct include: Firing a gun into the air on New Year’s Eve; Discharging a gun inside a bar during a fight; Drunkenly shooting a gun outside of... > Child endangerment in Texas is a felony ranging from a state jail felony to second degree felony. Call our Fort Worth child endangerment lawyer for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-child-endangerment-lawyer/ Fort Worth Child Endangerment Lawyer A charge alleging child endangerment is very serious. Not only are you facing potential jail time and fines, you could lose custody of your child. A Fort Worth child endangerment lawyer will help you understand the repercussions of a conviction. Our team of experienced criminal defense attorneys will fight to protect your freedom and your family. What is Child Endangerment? Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 041, child endangerment occurs when someone puts a child under the age of 15 at risk of injury, disablement, or death. It is crucial to note that the child does not need to be your own for you to be accused of endangerment, nor does the alleged action have to be intentional. Certain careless or negligent behaviors may be charged as child endangerment. In addition to parents and guardians, teachers, daycare workers and babysitters are also often charged with child endangerment. What are Examples of Child Endangerment? Any behavior that presents an immediate danger of harm or death to anyone younger than 15 may be charged as child endangerment. As such, a wide range of actions may be classified under this charge, including: Leaving a child unsupervised in an unsafe area; Manufacturing methamphetamine in front of a child; Driving under the influence with a child passenger; Recklessly operating a motor vehicle with a child passenger; Failing to properly secure a child passenger with a seat belt; Failing to lock away firearm weapons when a child is nearby; Abandoning a child six years old or younger in a car for more than five minutes without the supervision of another passenger who is 14 or older; Permitting the consumption of illegal drugs by a child; and Engaging in sexual activity while a child is in view. As mentioned, child endangerment charges have serious consequences. It is important to hire an experienced Fort Worth attorney who will build an aggressive defense in an effort to show that the defendant never intended to endanger a child and the claims are inconsistent with his or her character. Fort Worth Consequences for Endangering a Minor Child endangerment is generally a felony in Texas. Depending on the facts and circumstances, the defendant can face anywhere from a state jail felony up to a second-degree felony. For example, if an individual abandons a child with intent to return, he or she faces a state jail felony, punishable by up to six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. If the individual is found to have put the child at risk of immediate danger of death, bodily injury or physical or mental impairment, the charge could be elevated to a felony of the second degree, punishable by up to a 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Driving with a child while intoxicated by drugs or alcohol is a state jail felony, punishable by up to two years in a state jail facility, a 180-day license suspension, and up... > Protective orders in Texas and Restraining Orders in Texas are not the same. There are more than one type of each. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-07-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/protective-orders-in-texas/ Protective Orders vs. Restraining Orders In Texas (EPO Vs. TRO) https://youtu. be/VxOgOMt8UuM What’s the difference between a protective order and a restraining order in Texas? A protective order is an order that is most commonly used to prevent acts of family violence (including violence in a dating relationship) and sexual assaults. Temporary Restraining Orders are used in the civil context to avoid some sort of immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage. Temporary Restraining Orders in a family case can bind the other parent or spouse from certain conduct like transporting a child out-of-state, unenrolling them from school, withdrawing funds, taking out loans, or disposing of property. Protective Orders and Restraining Orders in Texas Protective Orders in Texas are sometimes confused with Restraining Orders in Texas. Because both terms have multiple meanings under Texas law, the terms are often confused. This article was written in hopes of explaining protective orders and restraining orders in Texas, the types of each order, and the differences between these orders. Protective Order in Texas Even lawyers struggle to understand protective orders in Texas – and perhaps for good reason. Most lawyers who deal with protective orders practice either criminal law or family law. Yet, protective orders are found both in the Family Code as well as in the Code of Criminal Procedure. What types of Protective Orders are there in Texas? A protective order is a court order issued to prevent continuing acts of family violence, human trafficking, or stalking. There are three types of protective orders in Texas: Emergency Protective Orders Temporary Ex Parte Protective Orders Permanent (or Final) Protective Orders What types of Restraining Orders are there in Texas? People also often think about Temporary Restraining Orders when they think about protective orders, so we will cover TROs in this article as well even though they are distinct from Protective Orders. Temporary Restraining Orders themselves take two forms: Temporary Restraining Orders (Civil) Temporary Restraining Orders (Family) Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protection (EPO) The Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protection is also referred to as an Emergency Protective Order and is the most common type of protective order in Texas. A magistrate’s order of emergency protection is authorized under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 17. 292. Emergency Protective Orders Are Tied To An Arrest A Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protection can only be issued after an arrest. You cannot get a Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protective without an arrest. Additionally, it only applies to the following offenses: A family violence offense (this includes dating relationships) Trafficking and Continuous Trafficking Sexual Assault Indecent Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault and Stalking A Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protection does not have to be requested by the alleged victim. It can be ordered at the request of: The judge; The alleged victim; The guardian of the alleged victim; A peace officer; or The prosecutor. Discretionary vs. Mandatory Emergency Protective Orders In Texas The Magistrate’s Order of Emergency Protection is discretionary except in two instances. The Emergency Protective Order... > Need to complete community service in Fort Worth? Here's a list of non-profit organizations where can do community service In Tarrant County. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-06-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/community-service-in-tarrant/ Where Can I Do Community Service In Tarrant County, Texas? Community Service in Fort Worth Individuals facing criminal offenses often ask where they can volunteer to do community service in Fort Worth. The answer depends primarily on why you are in need of community service hours. Are you completing hours at the request or requirement of your attorney, the prosecutor, probation, or court as part of a pre-trial diversion program? Each entity may have a different preference as to where you volunteer. A good rule of thumb is to volunteer at a registered non-profit organization. These are almost universally accepted in courts in Tarrant County. It is important that each time you volunteer, you keep a record of your hours. Request verification from the organization. A verification letter should be on the organization’s letterhead, have a date, include the total hours you have completed, and include the name, title, and contact information for someone who can verify your attendance. Below you will find a list of some of our favorite non-profit agencies that allow individuals to volunteer when they have pending legal matters. Trinity Habitat for Humanity (817) 926-9219 Humane Society of North Texas (817) 332-4768 Presbyterian Night Shelter (817) 632-7400 Ronald McDonald House of Fort Worth, Texas (817) 870-4942 Tarrant Area Food Bank (817) 332-9177 Salvation Army (817) 344-1820 Union Gospel Mission (817) 339-2553 Mission Arlington (817) 277-6620 Goodwill Locations in and around Fort Worth: Address: 4005 Campus Dr, Fort Worth, TX 76119 Phone: (817) 332-7866 Address: 7201 Rufe Snow Dr, Fort Worth, TX 76148 Phone: (817) 514-2615 Address: 1725 SW Wilshire Blvd, Burleson, TX 76028 Phone: (817) 295-6204 Address: 3147 Denton Hwy, Haltom City, TX 76117 Phone: (817) 831-4949 > Domestic violence ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to 1st degree felony. Call for a free consult with a Fort Worth domestic violence defense lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-domestic-violence-lawyer/ A domestic violence charge in Fort Worth can threaten your freedom, your family, and your future. Texas prosecutors take these cases seriously — and so do we. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have handled hundreds of family violence cases in Tarrant County and know how to fight these charges from every angle. What Are the Domestic Violence Charges in Texas? Texas law defines three distinct domestic violence charges under the Texas Penal Code. Each carries different penalties, and understanding which charge applies to your situation is the first step toward building a defense. Domestic Assault (Assault Bodily Injury of a Family Member) Assault bodily injury of a family member — often called ABI-FM — is the most common domestic violence charge in Tarrant County. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01, a person commits this offense if they intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to a family member, household member, or current or former dating partner. The threshold is low: the contact only needs to cause pain. A push that leaves a bruise, a grab that hurts — these can be enough. Domestic assault is typically a Class A misdemeanor. However, it elevates to a third-degree felony if the accused has a prior family violence conviction or if the assault involved strangulation or impeding the breath or circulation of the victim — what Texas law calls "impede breath/circulat. " That enhancement alone can turn a misdemeanor into a felony charge carrying years in prison. Aggravated Domestic Assault Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 02, aggravated assault involves intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing serious bodily injury — or using or displaying a deadly weapon during an assault. When the victim is a family or household member, or a current or former dating partner, the charge becomes aggravated domestic assault. This is generally a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. If a deadly weapon and serious bodily injury are both involved, it rises to a first-degree felony carrying 5 years to life in prison. Continuous Family Violence Under Texas Penal Code Section 25. 11, a person can be charged with continuous family violence if they are believed to have committed two or more acts of domestic assault within a 12-month period against a family or household member. There is no requirement that the person was ever arrested or convicted for either prior incident. If a victim tells police the abuse happened before — even without any prior charges — prosecutors can file a felony. This is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. What Does the State Have to Prove in a Domestic Violence Case? The burden of proof rests entirely with the State of Texas. You have no obligation to prove your innocence or testify. To convict, the prosecution must prove every element of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt — the highest standard in the law. For domestic assault... > Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon Texas is second degree felony (2-20 years). We defend aggravated assault deadly weapons charges. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/aggravated-assault-with-a-deadly-weapon/ What is Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon in Texas? Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon is a second-degree felony in Texas punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02, this charge applies when someone causes serious bodily injury to another person or uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during any assault, including threats. The charge can escalate to a first-degree felony (5 to 99 years in prison) if the alleged victim is a family member, public servant, or security officer acting in their official capacity. What Makes an Assault "Aggravated" Under Texas Law? Texas law elevates a simple assault to aggravated assault when either of two conditions exists: the assault causes serious bodily injury, or the person uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault. These are separate paths to the same charge. A person can face aggravated assault without causing any physical injury if they displayed a deadly weapon while making threats. This distinction matters because many people assume aggravated assault requires severe injuries. That's not the case in Texas. Pointing a gun at someone during an argument, even without firing it, can result in a second-degree felony charge. Four Ways Texas Prosecutors Charge Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon Texas prosecutors file aggravated assault charges under four distinct theories. Understanding which applies to your case shapes the defense strategy. Assault with use or exhibition of a deadly weapon. This occurs when someone commits an assault and displays or uses a deadly weapon during the offense. The weapon doesn't need to cause injury. Holding a knife while pushing someone constitutes this offense. Threat with a deadly weapon. A person who threatens bodily injury while exhibiting a deadly weapon faces this charge. No physical contact is required. Pointing a firearm at someone during a verbal threat qualifies. Assault causing serious bodily injury. When an assault results in injuries that create a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or loss of organ function, the charge becomes aggravated assault regardless of whether a weapon was involved. Shooting from a vehicle. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 02(b)(3), a person who discharges a firearm from a motor vehicle toward a building, residence, or vehicle and causes serious bodily injury commits aggravated assault. The prosecution only needs to prove the shooter acted recklessly about whether the structure was occupied. What Are the Penalties for Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon? The standard punishment for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon is a second-degree felony: Offense Level Prison Range Maximum Fine Second-Degree Felony (Standard) 2 to 20 years $10,000 First-Degree Felony (Enhanced) 5 to 99 years or life $10,000 Texas courts may also order restitution, requiring the convicted person to reimburse victims for medical expenses, counseling costs, and property damage. When Does Aggravated Assault Become a First-Degree Felony? Texas Penal Code § 22. 02(b) enhances the charge to a first-degree felony in three situations: Family violence cases. When the alleged victim... > Melody McDonald Lanier is the Chief Content Officer at Varghese Summersett PLLC. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/melody-mcdonald-lanier/ Melody McDonald Lanier Melody McDonald Lanier is the Chief Content Officer, responsible for the firm's overall content strategy and managing all media relations. Prior to joining the firm, Melody served as the first Public Information Officer for the Tarrant County District Attorney’s Office, where she served as the liaison between reporters and prosecutors. Before her time in public service, Melody was a well-known journalist at the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, where she primarily covered crime and courts. Many of her 3,000-plus articles covered cases and trials at the Tarrant County courthouse. She also covered numerous national stories, including the American Sniper trial and the escape of the Texas Seven. During her 12 years at the Star-Telegram, Melody appeared on numerous national television programs, including Good Morning America, Fox News, and Court TV. She also previously worked at the Philadelphia Inquirer and the Chicago Tribune. Melody brings a unique skill set to Varghese Summersett. The firm’s attorneys are called upon to represent and consult with well-known politicians, celebrities, and other high-profile clients. Melody’s experience and media relationships help ensure the right narrative is provided to media outlets at the right time. Melody gives the attorneys at Varghese Summersett unparalleled access to reporters across the country. Media Contact Melody is also the primary point of contact for the firm when the media needs a quote, interview, or comment about current events. If you are a member of the media, you can contact Melody by email at melody@versustexas. com, at the office (817) 203-2220, or on her cell phone (817) 821-3935. > Intoxication manslaughter is a second degree felony in Texas. Our Fort Worth intoxication manslaughter lawyer is unmatched in their experience and results. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-manslaughter/ If you or someone you love has been charged with intoxication manslaughter in Fort Worth, you are facing one of the most aggressively prosecuted felonies in Tarrant County. This is a second-degree felony with 2 to 20 years in prison — and as of September 1, 2025, Texas law has significantly expanded when it becomes a first-degree felony punishable by life in prison. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth intoxication manslaughter lawyers have gone to trial and won, negotiated reductions, and kept clients out of prison even when the evidence seemed overwhelming. You need a firm that has actually done this — not one that will learn on your case. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. We are available 24/7. What Is Intoxication Manslaughter Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 08, intoxication manslaughter occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride while intoxicated and, as a result of that intoxication, causes the death of another person. No intent is required. The state does not need to prove you meant to hurt anyone — only that you were intoxicated and someone died. That is what makes this charge so devastating: a single night can change everything, and the law does not care what you intended. How Does Texas Define Intoxication? Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 01, a person is legally intoxicated in one of two ways: They lack the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or another substance, or Their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is 0. 08 or higher — regardless of how they appear or function Prosecutors can pursue conviction under either theory, or both simultaneously. They do not have to prove both — they only need to prove one. An experienced Fort Worth intoxication manslaughter lawyer will scrutinize the state's evidence under each theory independently. Punishment for Intoxication Manslaughter in Fort Worth and Tarrant County Intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony with a punishment range of 2 to 20 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Deferred adjudication is not available for any intoxication offense under Texas law. There is no path to probation that ends with a dismissal. If a judge sentences you to fewer than 10 years, that sentence may be probated — but probation comes with severe conditions: You must serve at least 120 days in custody before probation begins Probation typically lasts 10 years You cannot consume alcohol at any point during probation You must maintain an ignition interlock on every vehicle you operate Monthly reporting, community service, required classes, and supervision fees apply One violation — even after years of full compliance — can result in the full 20-year prison sentence being imposed. In a very real sense, accepting probation means surrendering the next 30 years of your life to the court's control. 2025 Legislative Changes: What Fort Worth Defendants Need to Know Now The 89th Texas Legislature made sweeping changes to intoxication manslaughter law. These changes... > Violation of a Protective Order in Texas can be filed as a misdemeanor or a felony offense in Texas. What are the differences and defenses? - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/violation-of-a-protective-order/ Violation Of A Protective Order In Texas What is violation of a protective order in Texas? A protective order is an order by a judge prohibiting a person from going to certain places or contacting certain people. It is commonly associated with family violence charges or harassment. What's the difference between a protective order and a restraining order? A protective order is very different from a restraining order. A restraining order is a civil order which is not criminally enforceable and may be issued for anyone or almost any action as part of a civil lawsuit. There is no criminal offense in the Texas Penal Code for violating a restraining order. A protective order, on the other hand, is a civil order which is criminally enforceable. A violation of a protective order requires a police response and imposes criminal penalties, including jail time, on someone who disobeys the judge's order. The criminal offenses for violating a protective order can be found in Chapter 25 in the Texas Penal Code. How does someone violate a protective order? A person can commit violation of a protective order in one of two ways: by violating their bond conditions or by violating the judge's order. → Violating bond conditions: Conditions of bond are similar to protective orders in that they seek to protect a victim while a criminal case is waiting to go to trial. Let's say a defendant is arrested following a criminal offense, such as family violence or stalking. The judge will outline conditions of the defendant's release while awaiting trial if they post bail, which are called bond conditions. These will generally be the same or similar conditions that might be found in a protective order, such as not to go to the victim's house, not to communicate with the victim, and not to commit another criminal offense against the victim. If the defendant does anything the judge tells him not to do, then he has not only violated the conditions of his bond, but he has committed another criminal offense. → Violating the protective order: In Texas, under section 25. 07 of the Texas Penal Code, it is against the law to violate the terms of a protective order that was issued on the basis of family violence, child abuse or neglect, sexual assault or abuse, stalking or trafficking cases. A individual violates the order — which the judge may have issued under the Code of Criminal Procedure or the Family Code — if he or she knowingly or intentionally commits family violence, communicates with the protected individual or their family members, goes to prohibited places, interferes with the alleged victim's pets, or tampers with a GPS system, among other things. It is common for the subject of the protective order to reconcile with the person who the order seeks to protect. However, it is important to point out that this reconciliation does not affect the validity of the protective order. While the order is in place, the defendant cannot... > Harassment in Texas is defined in Penal Code 42.07. This misdemeanor has been challenged constitutionally. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/harassment-in-texas/ What is Harassment in Texas? Harassment is defined in Texas Penal Code Section 42. 07 and covers a wide variety of actions committed with the "intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another. " This includes obscene communication, threatening communication, false alarms about a family member's serious bodily injury or death, repeated telephone or electronic communications, making phone calls and hanging up, and publishing repeated electronic communications online that are not of public concern and are likely to cause emotional distress, abuse, or torment. This page explains how Texas defines and prosecutes harassment statewide. If you are facing charges in a specific area, see our location pages for guidance specific to your county. The Intent Requirement in Texas Harassment Law What "Intent" Means At its core, "intent" refers to the conscious objective or purpose behind an action. For harassment charges, it is not enough that someone felt harassed; the alleged harasser must have acted with the deliberate purpose of causing distress or discomfort. Harass To persistently annoy or torment someone, whether through repeated unwanted communications, following someone, or other behaviors that persistently disturb another person's peace. Annoy To irritate or disturb, usually through a repeated act that is unwelcome. It is less intense than harassment but still causes discomfort. Alarm To cause fear or a heightened state of awareness, often through threats or actions that make someone fear for their safety or well-being. Abuse To treat with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly. In the harassment context, it often refers to emotional or psychological mistreatment, though it can also encompass physical actions. Torment To inflict severe physical or psychological pain. It is more intense than mere annoyance and implies a level of cruelty in the actions. Embarrass To cause someone to feel self-conscious or ashamed, such as by revealing personal information, mocking, or other actions that demean or belittle the person. Why Intent Matters in Harassment Cases The intent requirement ensures that only those who act with a malicious or harmful purpose are held legally accountable. Accidental or unintentional actions that might annoy or even alarm someone would not typically meet this standard. For example, if someone sends a text to the wrong number, even if the recipient is annoyed, there is no intent to harass or annoy, so it would not be considered harassment under the law. How Intent Is Proven Intent is generally proven circumstantially. Evidence such as repeated actions (like multiple unwanted messages), direct threats, or other behaviors can be used to demonstrate intent. Examples of Harassment Under Texas Law To qualify as harassment, the acts must be done with the specific "intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another. " The context, frequency, and relationship between the parties play a crucial role in determining whether an act can be legally classified as harassment. Obscene Communication Definition: Sending messages that contain lewd, vulgar, or indecent material. Example: A person sends explicit photos or graphic descriptions of sexual acts to another individual without... > Assault Bodily Injury Texas cases are prosecuted aggressively in Fort Worth and throghout Tarrant County. Find out how to beat these allegations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-04-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-bodily-injury-texas/ Assault causing bodily injury — commonly called ABI or assault bodily injury — is one of the most frequently charged crimes in Texas. If someone claims they felt pain because of something you did, you can be arrested and prosecuted, even if there are no visible injuries and the alleged victim doesn't want to press charges. An ABI charge is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail and up to a $4,000 fine. A conviction can follow you for years — affecting your job, your housing, and your future. The good news: ABI charges are also among the most defensible. With the right strategy, dismissal is often possible. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most recognized criminal defense firms, with four offices across the state and a team of more than 70 attorneys, legal professionals, and staff. The firm's criminal defense practice includes three board-certified criminal law specialists — Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Christy Jack — a designation held by fewer than 1% of Texas lawyers. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. When you're facing an assault charge, experience at every level of the process matters. You've Seen Us On What Is Assault Bodily Injury in Texas? Assault in Texas covers a range of conduct, from threatening words to physical contact. Assault bodily injury — governed by Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(1) — specifically covers intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another person. This is the most common assault charge filed in Texas. "Bodily injury" under Texas law means physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition. The threshold is intentionally low. If someone says they felt pain — no visible injury required — that is legally sufficient to support a charge. This is why ABI arrests are so common: the bar for filing a case is one of the lowest of any criminal offense. Texas does not have a separate "battery" charge the way some other states do. If physical contact causes pain, it falls under assault bodily injury. What Must the State Prove to Convict You? The burden of proof is on the State, not on you. You have no obligation to prove your innocence. To convict you of assault bodily injury under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01(a)(1), the prosecution must prove each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: A person: The defendant is the one who committed the act Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: The act was not accidental; one of these three mental states must be proven Caused bodily injury: The alleged victim experienced physical pain, illness, or physical impairment To another person: The injury was to someone other than the defendant Every element must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. If your attorney can raise a reasonable doubt about any single element — the mental state, whether bodily injury actually occurred, or the identity of who caused it — the State has not met its burden. The... > The Romeo and Juliet law may protect young adults or teenagers from posecution if they are within three years of age and willingly engage in sexual conduct. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-06-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/romeo-and-juliet-law-in-texas/ Romeo And Juliet Law In Texas What is the Romeo and Juliet Law in Texas? The “Romeo and Juliet” law in Texas refers to an affirmative defense that may be raised to avoid a criminal conviction for a close-in-age sexual offense if both parties are willing participants and over the age of 14. The length of the close-in-age affirmative defense applies depends on the offense charged. What does it mean that the Romeo-Juliet statute is an affirmative defense? An affirmative defense is one that has to be raised in court. Unlike a defense – which could prevent an arrest, charge, and prosecution altogether, an affirmative defense must be raised affirmatively in court. That means even if you are close in age, and even if the Romeo-Juliet statute applies, you can still be arrested and prosecuted. An affirmative defense means that if properly raised your case should be dismissed or a jury should acquit you. The Romeo and Juliet statute is an affirmative defense that recognizes that, although a person has to be 17 in Texas to be able to give consent to sexual activity, it does not make sense to prosecute minors for a felony when they willingly engage in sexual activity with someone close to their age. Romeo and Juliet statutes range from two to five years in Texas based on the nature of the alleged offense. In Texas, the Romeo-Juliet law may protect from prosecution young adults or teenagers within three years of age who are both over the age of 14 and willingly engage in sexual conduct. In these cases, a sex crime charge could be reduced or possibly dismissed. This is an affirmative defense, so a person can be charged with the offense regardless of age and must raise the defense in court. Why do we have Romeo and Juliet Laws? The Romeo and Juliet law was enacted to address the problem of prosecution of young people who engage in willing sexual activity with others close in age. The goal of these laws is to provide a legal defense for young people who might otherwise be charged with crimes related to their willing sexual conduct, in order to avoid the harsh consequences that can result from a criminal conviction. The specifics of the law vary from state to state, but generally, it applies to young people who are close in age and who engage in consensual sexual activity with one another. The law is often referred to as the “Romeo and Juliet” law because it is based on the idea that young people should not be punished for acting on their natural romantic and sexual impulses, just as the characters Romeo and Juliet were not punished for their love for one another in the Shakespearean play. What states have a Romeo and Juliet Law? State Romeo and Juliet Statute Alabama Yes Alaska Yes Arizona Yes Arkansas No California No Colorado Yes Connecticut Yes Delaware No Florida No Georgia Yes Hawaii Yes Idaho Yes Illinois Yes Indiana... > If you are charged with insurance fraud in Texas, here's what you need to know to best defend yourself against these serious accusations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/insurance-fraud/ Defending Against Insurance Fraud Accusations In Texas Overview of Insurance Fraud in Texas Insurance fraud is a white-collar crime when an individual or entity intentionally provides false or misleading information to an insurance company for financial gain. In Texas, insurance fraud can be charged under the Texas Penal Code Section 35. 02, which makes it illegal to knowingly or intentionally engage in fraudulent activities related to insurance claims or policies. If you have been accused of insurance fraud in Texas, contact Varghese Summersett immediately. Our team of criminal defense attorneys includes Board Certified specialists and former prosecutors with more than four decades of combined experience fighting insurance fraud claims. Types of Insurance Fraud There are various forms of insurance fraud that can be committed in Texas. Some common examples include: False Claims Submitting false or exaggerated claims to an insurance company to receive undeserved benefits. This can occur in various types of insurance, such as auto, health, life, or property insurance. Application Fraud Providing false information on an insurance application to obtain coverage or lower premiums. This can involve misrepresenting facts about one’s personal history, health conditions, or property conditions. Fraudulent Policies Selling or issuing counterfeit or unauthorized insurance policies or knowingly assisting others in obtaining such policies. Agent And Broker Fraud Insurance agents or brokers engaging in deceptive practices, such as embezzling premiums, forging signatures, or steering clients towards unnecessary or overpriced coverage. Elements of Insurance Fraud To be charged with insurance fraud under Section 35. 02, an individual must knowingly or intentionally: Prepare, present, or cause to be presented a statement in support of a claim for payment or other benefits under an insurance policy that the individual knows contains false or misleading material information. Solicit, offer, pay, or accept any benefit in connection with a claim for payment or other benefits under an insurance policy, knowing the claim contains false or misleading material information. Conceal, remove, or dispose of property with the intent to defraud or deceive an insurer. Prepare or cause to be prepared a statement for use in an application for an insurance policy that the individual knows contains false or misleading material information. Penalties for Insurance Fraud in Texas The penalties for insurance fraud in Texas are determined based on the value of the claim or benefits obtained or sought through the fraudulent act: Less than $2,500: Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to 1 year in jail and a fine of up to $4,000. $2,500 to $30,000: Third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. $30,000 to $150,000: Second-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. $150,000 or more: First-degree felony, punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. What is the Statute of Limitations for Insurance Fraud? A misdemeanor allegation of insurance fraud is barred after two years. A felony accusation is barred after three years. Defending... > If you or your child is facing a minor in consumption charge, don't delay. Contact a top minor in consumption attorney at Varghese Summersett immediately. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/minor-in-consumption/ Minor In Consumption Attorney In Texas, a minor in consumption charge is possible for anyone under 21 who has consumed an alcoholic beverage. Law enforcement officers don’t have to witness a minor drinking alcohol to issue a citation. If an officer smells alcohol on a minor’s breath, they will consider that sufficient evidence for them to file a charge for minor in consumption. A minor in consumption attorney can help prevent this moment from ruining a young person’s life. While possessing alcohol is illegal for a minor, possession alone is not enough for an officer to issue a minor in consumption citation. Are you or your child facing a minor in consumption offense in North Texas? Don’t delay. Contact the office at Varghese Summersett to speak with a top defense attorney. You’re future is too important. In this post, we’ll explain Texas’ minor in consumption laws, the potential penalties for conviction, and look at state and national underage drinking rates. What is the Texas law for minor in consumption of alcohol? Regarding alcohol in Texas, anyone under 21 years old is considered a minor. It is illegal for a minor to consume, possess, purchase, or attempt to purchase alcohol. What are the penalties for minor in consumption of alcohol in Texas? Texas has a ZERO TOLERANCE policy for alcohol-related offenses by minors, especially minor in consumption. The penalties for non-driving alcohol-related offenses by minors increase with successive offenses, including consuming or possessing alcohol, buying or attempting to buy alcohol, and falsely identifying as age 21 or older to a person selling or serving alcohol. A minor in consumption offense is generally treated more seriously than a possession offense. Contact a respected minor in consumption attorney at Varghese Summersett to get a better understanding of what you’re facing and how best to fight the charge. The penalties for non-driving alcohol-related offenses, including minor in consumption, if convicted, are: 1st offense: It’s a Class C misdemeanor resulting in up to a $500 fine, eight to 12 hours of community service, mandatory attendance at an Alcohol Awareness course, and a 30-day driver’s license suspension. 2nd offense: It’s a Class C misdemeanor resulting in up to a $500 fine, 20-40 hours of community service, attendance at an Alcohol Awareness course, and a 60-day driver’s license suspension. 3rd offense for ages 10-17: This is considered Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision, or CINS if the person is age 10 to 17. It could result in up to a $500 fine, 20-40 hours of community service, and a six-month driver’s license suspension. 3rd offense for ages 17-20: It’s a Class B misdemeanor for those 17 or older but younger than 21 and can result in up to a $2,000 fine, 40-60 hours of community service, up to a six-month jail sentence, and a six-month driver’s license suspension. Deferred disposition is not an option for minors facing a third or subsequent conviction for consumption by a minor. If you are facing a higher-level drinking offense, it’s integral... > Facing federal drug conspiracy charges in Fort Worth, Dallas or surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with a top federal defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-drug-conspiracy-charges/ What are federal drug conspiracy charges? A federal drug conspiracy is when two or more people agree to commit a drug crime. It doesn't matter if the plan is never carried out or if you have very limited involvement or barely benefit from your participation. It doesn't even matter if you know the parties involved. Federal Drug Conspiracy Background When it comes to federal drug crimes, the law is intentionally broad. It's not uncommon for the government to arrest dozens of people on federal drug conspiracy charges stemming from the same operation, investigation, or organization. This is because it only takes an agreement between two or more people to commit a federal drug crime and there are usually lots of players involved – ranging from king pens to manufacturers to bit players just trying to feed their addiction. If you or a loved one has been caught up in the government's snare and arrested on federal drug conspiracy charges, it's imperative to contact an experienced federal criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible. The sooner you can get out in front of it, the better off you will be. If convicted, you are facing harsh penalties that could include a lengthy prison sentence and hefty fines. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have vast experience defending federal drug conspiracy charges in Fort Worth, Dallas, and throughout the northern and eastern districts of Texas. In this blog post, will explain the law, the punishments, and possible defenses. Please also take a moment to watch the videos by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese. How are federal drug conspiracy charges built? A federal drug conspiracy is when two or more people agree to commit a drug crime. It doesn't matter if the plan is never carried out or if you have very limited involvement or barely benefitted from your participation. It doesn't even matter if you know the parties involved. In order to convict someone of federal drug conspiracy charges, federal prosecutors are only required to prove that: there was an agreement between two or more people to violate a federal drug law; and each conspirator knew of the unlawful agreement but voluntarily chose to join it. The law – specifically 21 USC 841 and 21 USC 942 – covers a variety of different federal drug conspiracy charges including: Manufacturing a controlled substance, which involves the production, processing or preparation of a controlled substance. Distributing a controlled substance, which essentially means delivering a drug to someone even if money isn't involved or exchanged. Possessing a controlled substance with intent to distribute, which can include drug sales or possession of equipment such as scales or baggies. Importing a controlled substance, which involves the importation of illegal drugs into the U. S. , sometimes through customs or crossing the border. So, as you can see, the feds can arrest almost anyone with any role whatsoever on a federal drug conspiracy charge. Conspiracy is a powerful tool for the federal government because it enables prosecutors... > Are you or a loved one facing a contempt of court charge? If so, call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top North Texas contempt of court lawyer. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-contempt-of-court/ What Is Contempt Of Court In Texas? Getting on the bad side of a judge usually doesn’t turn out very well. Criminal contempt of court charges in Texas can come swiftly and bring harsh penalties to anyone in a courtroom or anyone connected to a case who violates a judge’s rules or orders. In Texas, all judges have the authority to determine the type of conduct allowed in their courtroom. If someone disobeys or disrespects a judge or violates their orders, they can be found in criminal contempt of court. These rules apply to everyone in a courtroom or connected to the case, including attorneys, defendants, jurors, staff, media members, and spectators. Criminal contempt can also arise from outside the courtroom. For example, if a judge learns an attorney had inappropriate conversations with a juror outside the courtroom that could potentially lead to criminal contempt. Likewise, if a juror disobeyed a judge’s instructions after court had concluded for the day, that could also lead to criminal contempt. Criminal contempt is punitive because the judge seeks to punish a violation. The consequences are unconditional by the judge, so you cannot escape them by agreeing to comply from that moment forward. If you’ve been accused of criminal contempt of court in Tarrant County or the surrounding area, you are facing a fine and possible jail time. That’s why it’s important to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. The Varghese Summersett defense team can help. What Does Texas law Consider to be Contempt of Court? Texas judges can find criminal contempt of court as any action that is disrespectful to the court or any act that obstructs the proper administration of justice. The Texas Supreme Court defined contempt as “disobedience to or disrespect of a court by acting in opposition to its authority” in Ex parte Chambers, 898 S. W. 2d 257, 259 (1995). What are the Punishments for Contempt of Court in Texas? Under Texas Government Code Section 21. 002, criminal contempt of court is punishable by a maximum $500 fine or six months in county jail, or a combination of both. The potential for jail time makes it imperative to consult with a contempt of court lawyer as soon as possible. In a justice or municipal court, a contempt fine is punishable by a maximum of $100 or three days in jail, or a combination of both. Texas law limits criminal contempt punishment to 18 months if a person is held in contempt multiple times stemming from the same matter. What are the Types of Criminal Contempt of Court in Texas? A judge may determine whether the alleged criminal contempt is direct or indirect, also referred to as constructive contempt. Direct contempt: Behavior in the presence of the court that the judge finds disrespectful can be considered contempt and grounds for punishment. The judge hands out this type of contempt order, and the behavior typically occurs within the courtroom and is directly observed by the judge. Indirect... > Is competency to stand trial an issue in your case? Contact Varghese Summersett to consult with a top competency defense lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/competency-to-stand-trial/ Understanding Competency To Stand Trial In Criminal Cases In 2020, nearly 53 million Americans reported suffering from mental illness. That’s almost 1 in 5 adults 18 or older living with mental illness. The 14th amendment to the U. S. Constitution protects individuals right to a fair trial. In our legal system, defendants can’t stand trial for a crime if they are found mentally incompetent. It is critically important to have an empathetic and understanding criminal defense attorney in these cases. The standard proof for competency to stand trial is whether the defendant shows a sufficient present ability to confer with their lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding and whether they have a rational AND factual understanding of the proceedings against them. Are you facing a criminal offense while dealing with a mental health issue? Contact the team at Varghese Summersett to speak with a competency defense lawyer and protect your rights. This post will explain competency in the Texas legal system, how it’s determined and handled, and the options available to those deemed incompetent to stand trial. What does competency mean in Texas legal proceedings? Competency in the Texas legal system means the defendant understands the proceedings and plays a role in their defense. Incompetency causes an impasse toward a trial or conviction. How strong the prosecutor’s case is against the defendant doesn’t matter. Incompetency doesn’t prevent law enforcement from making an arrest or prosecutors from filing charges. However, it stops the legal process from proceeding if the defendant is deemed incompetent. Take note: It’s important to emphasize that a determination of competency applies to the defendant’s present mental state, not their mental state at the time of the alleged criminal offense. This is a distinction between the legal defense of insanity. Incompetency to stand trial is not a defense against the underlying offense. It’s a defense against whether the defendant is mentally capable of handling a trial. Legal proceedings can usually continue if and when the defendant is deemed competent. A skilled competency defense lawyer with experience handling mental health issues will guide you through the process. How is competency determined in Texas? Texas judges evaluate competency on a case-by-case basis, typically with the assistance of psychologists. Judges have the authority to order a defendant to take medication to address a condition if the medicine makes them competent. A judge must determine competency as soon as it is raised. Both sides are allowed to raise the issue of competency. And judges can raise the issue if neither side does if they observe signs of incompetency in the defendant’s behavior, showing a lack of basic understanding of the elements of the proceedings. Generally, a competency evaluation uses a very lenient standard and is typically met unless a defendant is struggling with a severe mental illness. Clients should always be completely honest with their competency defense lawyer about their current mental state. Judges typically rely on the opinion of a psychologist but can also use their courtroom observations and... > If you are facing allegations of falsifying a drug test in Fort Worth, contact one of our experienced attorneys today. Call 817-230-2220 - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/falsifying-drug-test/ Falsifying a Drug Test in Fort Worth Individuals who must take drug tests as a job requirement or because they are on bond or probation sometimes panic and look for ways to defeat the test. A quick Internet search reveals hundreds of tips and tricks for passing a drug test, including potions, pills, and urinators – aka “whizzinators. ” In many instances, falsifying a drug test puts individuals in a much worse position than they would have been had they just admitted drug use. Here's a look at what can happen if you get caught falsifying drug test results in Texas. Is falsifying a drug test result a crime in Fort Worth? The reasons people try and fake a drug test vary. Many are on probation or parole and trying to stay out of jail. Others are trying to get — or keep — a job. Regardless of the reason, it is illegal in Texas to try and cheat a drug test. Under Section 481. 133 of the Health and Safety Code, an individual commits the offense of falsification of a drug test by knowingly or intentionally: (a) using or possessing with intent to use any substance or device designed to falsify drug test results. (b) delivering, possessing with intent to deliver, or manufacturing with intent to deliver a substance designed to falsify drug test results. (c) A drug test means a lawfully administered test designed to detect the presence of a controlled substance or marijuana. What are some creative ways people tried (but failed) to beat a drug test in Texas? The easiest way to beat a drug test, of course, is to not use drugs. When that fails, people get creative. Here’s a look at some real life examples of Texans who got caught trying to falsify drug test results: A College Station man was arrested in February 2020 after he admitted selling fake urine to help falsify drug test results. Police stopped the 22-year-old man for driving without a front license plate and found a clear plastic bottle in the center console with yellow liquid. The man told police it was fake urine he used to pass drug tests and admitted to selling it to other people for $5 a bottle so they could pass drug tests. A Wichita Falls man parolee was arrested in 2018 after a parole officers found a plastic bottle in the front of his underwear with a plastic stick-on thermometer attached to the side. The man told police he had smoked some marijuana the week before, but saved some of his own urine before he smoked so he could pass the drug screen. A Lufkin woman picked the wrong person’s urine to try and pass a drug test in 2014 when the falsified sample tested positive for methamphetamine. The woman used urine from a plastic bottle hidden inside her to try and pass a drug test, but got caught by an astute probation officer who knew something was up when she went... > Texas assault charges can range from a Class C ticket to a first-degree felony punishable by life in prison. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-02-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/assault-in-texas/ Misdemeanor And Felony Assault In Texas Assault in Texas is defined in Penal Code Chapter 22 and covers everything from a class C offensive touching to a first-degree aggravated assault punishable by up to life in prison. The degree and severity of Texas assault charges depend on the offender’s mental state, the extent of the injury, and certain characteristics of the alleged victim. In this article, we will break down the different types of Texas assault charges and answer some frequently asked questions about criminal assault in Texas. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, assault occurs when someone intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another person, including a spouse. It also applies when a person threatens someone with imminent bodily harm or makes physical contact with someone in a way that they know or should reasonably know would be offensive or provocative. Assault charges can range from a Class C misdemeanor (for threats or offensive contact) to a felony if the victim is a public servant, family member, or someone in a protected class. Texas Penal Code § 22. 02 deals with aggravated assault, which is a more serious offense. Aggravated assault occurs when a person causes serious bodily injury to another or uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault. Serious bodily injury refers to injuries that create a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or long-term impairment. This charge is typically a felony, and the penalties increase significantly if the victim is a law enforcement officer, a judge, or if the act is related to domestic violence. What is an Assault in Texas? In Texas, assault is when a person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes harm to another person, threatens them with imminent harm, or makes offensive physical contact. Assault can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony, depending on the severity of the act, the relationship between the parties, and any aggravating factors. As you can see, this definition of assault is very broad and covers a wide range of behavior. Obviously, punching someone in the face or hitting someone with an object constitutes assault. But did you know you can be charged with assault even if you didn’t actually touch another person? For example, if you spit on someone, you can be charged with Class C misdemeanor assault. If you threaten to beat up someone while holding a bat, you could potentially be charged with a second-degree felony assault. Can I be Charged with Assault in Texas for Accidentally Hurting Someone? It is certainly possible. If you acted recklessly or were negligent and someone got hurt, you could be charged with assault – even if you “didn’t mean to. ” Assault, like most other criminal offenses in Texas, requires some sort of mental state. In Texas, culpable mental states include intentionally, knowingly, recklessly and criminal negligence. Under Texas Penal Code §6. 03 a person acts: Intentionally, or with intent, with respect to a result of his conduct when it is... > Jail and prison officials often recover makeshift weapons from inmates. Find out the law and consequences of having a deadly weapon in a penal institution. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/deadly-weapon-in-a-penal-institution/ Deadly Weapon In A Penal Institution Texas is home to the largest prison system in the nation. Not surprisingly, jail and prison officials recover hundreds of makeshift weapons from inmates each year. Most are crudely made, fashioned from toothbrushes, plastic forks, bed springs and other material found within the walls of a correctional facility. Nevertheless, it’s a crime for inmates to have any kind of deadly weapon in a penal institution in Texas. Here’s a look at the law, possible punishments, and some examples of common items that can be used to fashion homemade weapons or “shanks. ” What is Texas Law on Deadly Weapons in Prisons and Jails? Under Section 46. 10 of the Texas Penal Code, an individual commits the offense of deadly weapon in a penal institution if, while confined in a penal institution, he or she intentionally, knowingly or recklessly: Carries on or about his person a deadly weapon; or Possesses or conceals a deadly weapon in the penal institution What Constitutes a Penal Institution in Texas? “Penal institution” means a place designated by law for confinement or individuals arrested for, charged with, or convicted of an offense. This includes jails, prisons or halfway houses. What Constitutes a “Deadly Weapon” in Texas? Deadly weapon means a firearm or anything manifestly designed, made or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury; or Anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. What is the Punishment for Deadly Weapon in a Penal Institution in Texas? Possessing or concealing a deadly weapon in a penal institution is a third-degree felony, punishable by up to 10 years behind bars and up to a $10,000 fine. Are there Any Defense to Deadly Weapon in a Penal Institution in Texas? Yes, if the individual was engaged in conduct authorized by an employee of the penal institution, they would not be in violation of the law. What are Some Examples of Makeshift Weapons or Shanks? When it comes to fashioning weapons, inmates get creative. Some of the most interesting weapons ever recovered from Texas prisons are on display at the Texas Prison Museum in Huntsville. Here are some examples of how everyday items are used as weapons in prison. Toothbrushes, combs, plastic forks, bedsprings: These everyday items can be sharpened or made into a point and used as makeshift knives, which are commonly referred to as “shanks” or “shivs. ” Socks: Inmates fill socks with hard objects and use them as weapons. Sewing thread, dental floss: Long string can be used to choke someone or as an escape tool. Toothpaste tubes: Inmates sometimes fill toothpaste tubes with feces and urine and use it to slime passing guards or inmates. Contact Us If your loved one is facing charges for having a deadly weapon in jail or prison, it’s imperative that you contact an experienced defense attorney as soon as possible. Obviously, this charge can make their time behind... > Here's the answer to "Is graffiti illegal in Texas?" Graffiti is illegal in Texas if you don't have the property owner's permission. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/texas-graffiti-laws/ Graffiti Laws: Is Graffiti Illegal in Texas? Yes, graffiti is illegal in Texas if you don’t have permission from the property owner to mark the property. Under Texas Penal Code 28. 08, a person commits graffiti if he or she, without the consent of the owner, intentionally or knowingly makes markings, including inscriptions, drawings, or paintings, on the tangible property of the owner with: paint; an indelible marker; or etching or engraving device Drive around Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston or any large city in Texas, and there is a good chance you will see graffiti on buildings, fences, and trains. Some will find it beautiful, while others will see it as an eyesore. In this blog post, we will explore Texas graffiti laws, possible punishments, and potential defenses. What are common forms of graffiti in Texas? There are many different types of graffiti, but some of the most common forms in Texas include: –Tagging: This is when a person spray paints their name or initials on the property. Tagging is often associated with gang activity. –Throw-ups: These are quick tags that are often done in a hurry. –Stencils: Stencils are usually more detailed than tags and throw-ups. –Pieces: These are more elaborate graffiti designs that often take longer to create. They are also often referred to as murals. What is the punishment for violating Texas graffiti laws? The punishment for violating Texas graffiti laws can range from a ticket to up to life in prison. It depends on the amount of damage that was caused which is outlined below. If the damage was less than $100, it is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. If the amount of damage was more than $100 but less than $750, it is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in county jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. If the damage amount is more than $750 but less than $2500, it is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. If the damage amount is more than $2500 but less than $30,000 if is a state jail felony punishable by 6 months to 2 years in a state jail facility. If the damage amount is more than $30,000 but less than $150,000 it is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison. If the damage amount is more than $150,000 but less than $300,000 it is a second-degree felony punishable to 2 to 20 years in prison. If the damage amount is $300,000 or more it is a first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison. ** It’s also important to point out that each property or structure can count as a separate offense. So, if you tag five buildings, you could face five separate charges of graffiti. Do certain graffiti locations carry stiffer punishment than others? Yes, all graffiti is not treated equally in Texas. If the marking causes between $750... > Registration as a sex offender in Fort Worth could limit many of your rights. Read on to understand Sex Offender Registration in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sex-crimes-lawyer/sex-offender-registration/ Registration As A Sex Offender In Fort Worth What is sex offender registration? If you have been convicted of a sex crime in Fort Worth or anywhere in Texas, for that matter, you will likely have to register as a sex offender for a period of time – possibly even for the rest of your life. Your information will be put into a public database that basically allows law enforcement and the general public to keep tabs on you. You will also be required to abide by a long list of requirements that will restrict where you may live, work or visit. Failure to comply with the requirements could lead to a new felony charge called “failure to register as a sex offender. ” In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions about sex offender registration. But first, watch this informative video by Benson Varghese, a Board Certified Criminal Defense attorney with vast experience handling sex cases. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=YchsPp9UUHY&t=95s What are some restrictions for registered sex offenders? Sex offender registration in Fort Worth can result in numerous restrictions. It’s likely you will be prohibited from: Working around children under 17 years of age Offering a service in a home without supervision Going where children gather, such as schools, playgrounds, video arcades, and public pools Owning firearms Voting Using the internet or maintaining a social media account Residing on campus if attending college Do I have to register as a sex offender if I received deferred adjudication? Since deferred adjudication means guilt is not imposed, and you were not convicted and sent to jail, you may believe you do not have to register as a sex offender. But you probably do. Deferred adjudication is usually reserved for first-time offenders and is a form of community supervision ordered by a judge. If you follow the judge’s orders, your case eventually will be dismissed, and you will not have a conviction on your record. However, if you accepted deferred adjudication for a registerable sex offense, you will still have to register as a sex offender with law enforcement. Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Chapter 62 defines what offenses are registrable, how sex offender registration works, and how to register as a sex offender in Fort Worth. Texas laws are complicated and precise, so it is imperative that you contact a criminal defense attorneys to help you with the process if you have questions. How long will I have to register as a sex offender in Fort Worth? Depending on the underlying crime, you may be registered as a sex offender in Fort Worth for several years, or even permanently. For instance, someone may be required on the register for ten years for indecent exposure or online solicitation of a minor. However, you may have to register for life if the case involved sexual contact. What are the different risk levels for sex offenders? The judicial system assesses an offender’s chances of reoffending, and people who are assigned higher risk... > If you have been on social media or following the news, you've probably heard the term "ghost guns." Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/ghost-guns-in-texas/ Ghost Guns: What Are They And Are They Illegal In Texas? If you have been on social media or following the news lately, you’ve probably heard the term “ghost guns. ” Earlier this year, President Joe Biden announced a new rule regulating this type of firearm. But what exactly are ghost guns and are they illegal in Texas? In this blog post, we are going to explain ghost guns, how they are made, and discuss their legality in the Lone Star State. We will also explore the new federal law and the potential consequences of building a ghost gun in Texas. What is a ‘ghost gun? ’ Ghost guns are homemade firearms that do not have a serial number. Because they do not have a serial number, they are untraceable – which makes them almost impossible to track back to crimes. Hence, the term “ghost guns. ” They are also sometimes referred to as “80 percent lower receivers. ” How are people making homemade guns? Ghost guns are made from unfinished kits that can be purchased online or at a gun store and assembled in about half an hour. Licensed gun manufacturers are required by federal law to engrave or cast a serial number on firearms. However, because ghost guns are made by an individual with a kit – not a federally licensed manufacturer – they are considered “unfinished products” and do not require a serial number. The new law changes this. What is the new federal rule about ghost guns? In April 2022, President Biden announced a new rule that modernized the definition of a “firearm. ” The rule specified that key components in gun kits now qualify as “firearms” and, therefore, must be sold by licensed firearms dealers and include serial numbers on the gun kit’s frame or receiver, which is the primary piece of the firearm that all parts are attached to. The regulation will also require background checks for anyone purchasing a gun kit. The new rule also requires any federally licensed dealer or gunsmith that comes into contact with a ghost gun to serialize it and keep permanent purchasing records. The new rules are designed to make it more difficult for people to purchase ghost guns and make them illegal without a background check. When does the new ghost gun rule take effect? The new law took effect in August 2022, but pro-gun activists, advocates, and organizations, such as Gun Owners of America, have vowed to challenge the rule in court. So, is it illegal to make your own firearm in Texas? The short answer is no. Under state law, it is not illegal to purchase a gun kit and make your own firearm for personal use in Texas as long as you are not a prohibited person and you comply with all other state and federal laws, including passing a background check. Although some states have laws restricting building your own firearm, Texas is not one of them. On August 24, 2022 ATF’s new... > Deadly conduct is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail. Call to consult with a Fort Worth deadly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summerset. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/deadly-conduct/ Fort Worth Deadly Conduct Lawyer Texas is the only state that has a specific “Deadly Conduct” law. Deadly conduct occurs when someone engages in conduct that they know or should know will place someone else at risk of suffering bodily harm. In Texas, this offense can be charged as either a misdemeanor or a felony depending on circumstances. For example: If you point a gun at someone, you can be charged with deadly conduct in Texas even if you never fired a weapon or intended to fire it. The fact that you intentionally pointed a gun, and that you knew or should have known that pointing a gun poses a danger to someone else, is enough to be charged with a misdemeanor offense of deadly conduct. Whether your gun is loaded or not is irrelevant. What matters is that you pointed the weapon at others. What Constitutes Deadly Conduct? In Texas, a person engages in deadly conduct if they point a weapon or fire a weapon in the direction of another person or if they fire a weapon at a home, vehicle, building or other structure without knowing or investigating whether the building is occupied. The buildings or vehicles do not need to be occupied at the time that they are fired upon, but merely that they are capable of housing or transporting people. Under Texas Penal Code Sec. 22. 05, the law specifically states that a person commits this offense if he or she: a) recklessly engages in conduct that puts someone in imminent danger of serious bodily injury; or b) knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of (1) one or more individuals; or (2) a habitation, building or vehicle or is reckless as to whether the habitation, building or vehicle is occupied. Is there an “Intent” Requirement? When it comes to deadly conduct, it is important that a person acted intentionally, but not necessarily with the intent to cause harm. For example: If you are hunting and you accidentally fall, causing your rifle to fire, this will not be enough to be charged with deadly conduct. On the other hand: If you are hunting and then you decide to fire at a building you just came across, without checking if anyone else is inside, then you’ve committed an act of deadly conduct. It is important to note that a person may not intend to hurt someone, however, if they are indifferent to the safety of others when using their weapon, then they would have engaged in deadly conduct. What is the Punishment for Deadly Conduct? Deadly conduct can be classified as either a Class A misdemeanor or a third-degree felony depending on the facts and circumstances. Deadly conduct is a Class A misdemeanor unless a firearm is discharged in which case it is elevated it to a third-degree felony. Fines: A Class A misdemeanor offense in Texas has a potential fine of up to $4,000, while felonies can have fines of up to $10,000. Jail:... > When people receive a criminal subpoena, they often want to know if they can refuse to testify. Call a Fort Worth subpoena lawyer to learn more. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-subpoena-lawyer/ Texas Subpoena Lawyer | Best Criminal Defense People who receive a subpoena for a criminal matter often wonder if they can ignore the subpoena or refuse to testify. Neither is advisable. Subpoenas are court orders that require a person to appear in court to testify or to bring something and should be taken seriously. Failure to comply can lead to jail time and fines. Here’s an overview of subpoenas and some nationwide examples of what happened when a witness refused to testify or comply with a criminal subpoena. But first, please watch this informative video by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese. What is a Criminal Subpoena in Texas? A subpoena is a court order telling an individual to appear in court in person and testify. Similarly, a subpoena duces tecum is an order for a witness to bring something to court – such as documents, a child, or evidence. This is true in both state and federal courts. What is a Grand Jury Subpoena? Both in state and federal courts, grand juries are a group of individuals who determine if cases should be indicted or not. In the federal system, a grand jury is made up of 16-23 people. They are presented with cases to determine if probable cause exists to indict the case. In addition to voting on cases, grand juries have another important function: they can investigate offenses presented to them or initiate their own investigations. There are generally two kinds of grand jury subpoenas. The first is a grand jury subpoena duces tecum. This orders a person (usually the Custodian of Records) to bring evidence (usually documents, but it can be any item including recordings or photographs) to the grand jury. The other type of subpoena is simply a grand jury subpoena which orders a person to appear before and testify before the grand jury. For this reason, this second type of subpoena is sometimes referred to as a subpoena ad testificandum. The grand jury uses the subpoena power to gather evidence. Grand jurors typically issue subpoenas based on recommendations of federal prosecutors or federal agents. As explained below, it is very dangerous to ignore a grand jury subpoena, although there may be ways to quash the subpoena rendering it meaningless. As a result, anyone facing a subpoena should consider reaching out to an experienced attorney in Texas immediately. What Happens if You Disobey a Criminal Subpoena and Refuse to Testify? Since a criminal subpoena is a court order, failing to comply can result in fines or time behind bars. In Texas, a judge has the discretion to fine a witness up to $500 in a felony case and $100 in a misdemeanor case for refusing to comply with a subpoena. Under Chapter 24 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the judge can also issue a warrant for the arrest of the witness and hold them in custody until the trial or proceeding has concluded. Likewise, in federal court, a judge also has the... > The Trespass by Holder of License to Carry Concealed Handgun can carry serious consequences. Call (817) 203-2220 for the firm with experience. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/trespass-by-gun-holder/ Trespass By Holder Of License To Carry Concealed Handgun In Fort Worth Generally, a License to Carry permits gun owners to travel in public or private with a concealed gun. However, Texas law permits businesses or homeowners to bar concealed weapons from coming onto their property. This law is found in Texas Penal Code Section 30. 06. It states that a license holder commits an offense if they bring a concealed weapon on the property of another “without effective consent” and have received notice that entering or remaining on the property with a concealed handgun was forbidden by the property owner. A person cannot be guilty under this law if there was explicitly or through the posting of “30. 06 signage,” a warning that concealed weapons were barred from the property. It is also important to remember that there are certain places where weapons are prohibited, regardless of whether there are any warnings posted. Violating this law is a Class A misdemeanor, which is punishable by up to one year in jail and/or a fine of up to $4,000. In most cases of a first offense, probation or deferred adjudication are possible. Defending Against a Charge for Trespass by Holder of a License to Carry a Concealed Firearm in Fort Worth If you need help building a case against allegations for trespassing as a holder of a license to carry a concealed gun in Fort Worth, call our tenacious and seasoned attorneys for help. > During criminal proceedings, attorneys frequently stand up and make objections. But what do they mean? Here's an explainer on common criminal court objections. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/court-objections/ Five Common Criminal Court Objections: What Do They Mean? During criminal trials and proceedings, you will see attorneys stand up and make various objections. But what do these objections mean? And why are they being made? Criminal courtroom terminology and proceedings can be confusing for those not familiar with the law. In this blog post, we are going to explain five of the most common criminal court objections so you can understand what’s happening if you are ever on the witness stand – or just a curious courtroom observer. 1. Hearsay “Objection! Hearsay, your honor. ” Hearsay is one of the most common criminal court objections and basically refers to second-hand information. The basic concept is that statements made by an out-of-court third party cannot be used to establish the truth. This is because the opposing party can’t cross-examine them and test their credibility. Simply put, when someone is testifying in a criminal trial, they are not allowed to say what someone else told them. That is referred to as “hearsay” and is generally inadmissable. For example, if Bill tells his friend John that he saw Joe commit a murder, and then John testifies in court about what Bill told him, that is hearsay. The hearsay rule is in place to prevent people from testifying about things they did not hear or see with their own two eyes. It’s important to have first-hand testimony in criminal trials so the jury can make a decision based on what they heard directly from the witness, and not just what that witness was told by someone else. If a statement is deemed hearsay, it will be inadmissible unless it falls into an exception. If there is an exception to the hearsay rule (and there are many of them), the judge will let the witness know and allow them to answer the question. 2. Leading Questions “Objection Judge – Leading! ” When a prosecutor or defense attorney is questioning a witness, they are not allowed to ask a question in a way that suggests an answer or puts words in their mouth. For example, a leading question would be, “You saw the defendant hit the victim with a bat, didn’t you? ” Asking leading questions is not allowed because it can bias or influence the witness’s testimony. The attorney is supposed to let the witness answer the question without giving them any hints as to what they should say. If an attorney is leading a witness, the judge will usually sustain these criminal court objections and tell them to ask a different question. 3. Relevance “Objection, Relevance. ” This objection is typically made when an attorney is questioning a witness about something that doesn’t have anything to do with the case before the court. For example, if a witness is testifying about a fatal car crash, and the prosecutor starts asking the witness questions about a shoplifting incident that happened 20 years ago, the defense attorney would object on relevance grounds. The judge will... > Stalking is a third-degree felony punishable by 2-10 years in prison. Learn about the developments in case law around Penal Code 42.072. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-06-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-stalking-lawyer/ What is Stalking in Texas? Facing stalking charges in Texas can be overwhelming and frightening. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the serious nature of these allegations and how they can impact your life, reputation, and freedom. Our experienced criminal defense attorneys have successfully defended countless clients against stalking and harassment charges throughout Texas. Stalking in Texas is defined under Penal Code 42. 072 as engaging in conduct more than once during the same course of conduct that would place a reasonable person in fear of: Bodily injury or death to themselves or a family member Damage to their property Offense or harm to their pet This offense is typically charged as a third degree felony—far more serious than the misdemeanor charge of harassment. The key difference often lies in the severity and nature of the alleged conduct. While harassment might involve annoying phone calls or texts, stalking charges generally require a course of action that demonstrates a pattern of threatening or fear-inducing behavior. Understanding the "Knowingly" Requirement To convict someone of stalking, prosecutors must prove the defendant acted "knowingly. " Under Texas law, this means you were aware of the nature of your conduct or the circumstances surrounding it. The nature-oriented definition of knowingly is: A person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to the nature of his conduct or to circumstances surrounding his conduct when he is aware of the nature of his conduct or that the circumstances exist. This mental state requirement is crucial—and often where skilled defense attorneys can challenge the prosecution's case. The prosecutor, court, and potentially a jury, will scrutinize what the accused's thoughts and intentions were at the time of the alleged conduct. In Texas, stalking is defined as knowingly and repeatedly following, harassing, or threatening another person in a manner that would cause a reasonable person to feel alarmed or to suffer emotional distress. This can include physical actions such as: Following someone or showing up at their home or workplace Leaving unwanted gifts or messages Damaging or threatening to damage property Monitoring someone's activities or movements As well as online actions such as: Sending threatening or harassing messages via email, text, or social media Posting harassing content about the person online Statute of Limitations for Stalking in Texas The statute of limitations for stalking in Texas is three years from the date of the offense. This means prosecutors must file charges within three years of the alleged stalking conduct. However, it's important to note that: The clock typically starts from the last act in a pattern of stalking behavior Certain circumstances can toll (pause) the statute of limitations Even if charges haven't been filed, evidence can be gathered during this period Understanding the statute of limitations is crucial for both defendants and alleged victims. If you're facing allegations from conduct that occurred years ago, this could be a vital defense. Texas Courts on the Constitutionality of the Stalking Statute The landscape of stalking and harassment law in Texas has undergone dramatic... > Discharge of firearm in certain municipalities can carry serious consequences. Call today to speak with a Fort Worth defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/discharge-of-a-firearm/ Discharge Of A Firearm In Fort Worth City Limits What is Discharge of a Firearm in Certain Municipalities? It's not uncommon to hear about people firing firearms on holidays such as New Year's Eve. But in Texas, it's illegal to discharge a firearm in city limits - no matter what day it is. Under Texas Penal Code 42. 12, it is illegal to recklessly discharge a firearm “inside the corporate limits of a municipality having a population of 100,000 or more. ” To be found guilty under this law, a person must discharge a gun “recklessly. ” Courts have generally interpreted this to mean that a person must be firing a gun in a highly populated place and in a way that creates an unreasonable danger. A defendant must be reckless, not simply with respect to the simple act of pulling the trigger of the firearm itself, but rather, with respect to some circumstance surrounding the conduct of discharging the firearm. The State must allege that the firearm was discharged into the ground or sky amidst a crowd of people, or in the backyard of a residential neighborhood, on the grounds of an elementary school, in the direction of a traffic sign, or in a public park. What is the Punishment for Discharging a Firearm in City Limits? Discharging a firearm in certain municipalities is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and a $4,000 fine. Probation and deferred adjudication are usually options for Class A misdemeanor sentences, depending on the facts of a case and a defendant’s prior criminal record. When is Discharging of a Firearm Considered Deadly Conduct? Under Penal Code 22. 05, if you discharge a firearm at or in the direction of a person, or a habitation, building, or vehicle and you are reckless about whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied, you can be charged with Deadly Conduct - Discharge of a Firearm, which is a third degree felony. A third-degree felony is punishable by two to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. It is important to note that municipalities may also create their own laws prohibiting the firing of guns within their own city limits. For instance, most large cities in Texas have municipal laws prohibiting the discharge of certain firearms within city limits. Thus firing a gun within the city limits of a large city could lead to both state and city penalties. Even if you live in a town with a population smaller than 100,000, you should check your local municipal code before firing a gun within the city limits. Learn More About the Discharge of a Firearm in Certain Areas of Fort Worth If you are facing allegations for discharging a firearm in certain areas of Fort Worth or another North Texas city, it's important to reach out to an experienced lawyer to learn more about your legal rights and options. We can help. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. > Identity theft ranges from a state jail to a first degree felony in Texas based on the number of pieces of identifying information alleged to have been stolen. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-fraud-lawyer/identity-theft/ Fort Worth Identity Theft Lawyer Identity theft is a serious crime in Texas that can carry severe consequences. Facing a charge of identity theft can be a stressful and frightening time, both for you and your family. If you were accused of stealing someone else’s identity, it’s imperative to speak with a Fort Worth identity theft lawyer. With years of experience defending identity theft cases, our team can increase your chances of a favorable outcome. Whether it’s pretrial negotiations or taking your case to trial, we will fight for you every step of the way. What are the Penalties for Stealing Someone’s Identity? Texas defines identity theft as obtaining, using, possessing, or transferring any personal information of another without consent with the intent to harm or defraud. See Texas Penal Code Ann. §32. 51(b)(1). Although this sounds straightforward, both the offense and possible punishment case can be nuanced. The severity of the felony and the consequences are determined by the number of identifying items in possession. Identifying items include things like a person’s name, date of birth, bank account information, social security number, or credit card information. In other words, an aggressive prosecutor can allege one credit card as two offenses, the first being the name and the second being the credit card number. If a defendant is in possession of one to four identifying items, they are facing a state jail felony punishable by up to two years in state jail facility. If a defendant is in possession of five to nine items, they are facing a third-degree felony punishable by up to ten years in prison. If a defendant is in possession of ten to 49 items, they are facing a second-degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison. If a defendant has 50 or more identifying items, they are facing a first-degree felony and up to 99 years in prison. Further, the punishment may be increased if the victim is over 65 years old, or if the fake identity was used to avoid registering as a sex offender. Our experienced attorneys in Fort Worth will walk you through your identity theft accusations and explain the potential consequences. Defenses Against Identity Theft Allegations In any criminal case, prosecutors must prove beyond a reasonable doubt all elements of the crime. Defenses that negate any aspect of the offense prevent the prosecution from meeting this burden. For identity theft, showing there was no intent to harm or defraud, that you had permission to use the information, or that you were not actually in possession of the identifying information are all viable defenses. While some cases are fought in trial, others are negotiated using a two-fold process. First our attoneys identify and leverage any weaknesses in the case. Second, we work mitigating any merits of the case. Whether fighting an identity theft charge or pleading guilty, you will want to discuss all of your options with an experienced Forth Worth attorney. A felony conviction can affect your life and... > The Varghese Summersett Newsroom is the home for local legal news you can count on in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/newsroom/ Varghese Summersett Newsroom Local Legal News Texans Can Count On Looking for the latest court updates and legal insights? Our newsroom brings you timely, accurate legal news and expert analysis directly from the attorneys at Varghese Summersett. Stay informed on developments that matter most, explained clearly by trusted legal professionals. Nicole Kidman and Keith Urban's Divorce: What We Can Learn from It October 16 Nicole Kidman recently filed for divorce from Keith Urban — but this isn’t just celebrity gossip. The way they structured their finances and parenting plans offers important lessons for anyone going through or preparing for a divorce in Texas. In this video, we break down what Texas law says about prenuptial agreements, parenting plans and asset protection. Because whether you’re a movie star or a neighbor next door, preparation—not wealth—is what protects you in a divorce. https://youtu. be/VBOoubRDha0 Diddy Decides NOT to Testify June 26 In a strategic move, the defense in the Diddy trial opts not to call any witnesses — including Diddy himself. This update explains why this tactic, though surprising to some, is a common approach to safeguard the defendant and limit government rebuttal after 34 witnesses were presented by the prosecution. New Allegations Surface in Diddy Legal Battle May 28 In a dramatic turn of events, new testimonies from figures like Cassie and Kid Cudi have added fresh layers to the legal case against music mogul Sean "Diddy" Combs. This update explores the evolving narrative and what it could mean for the future of the high-profile case. https://youtu. be/V7GxQi1faWA Jury Selection Begins in Sean "Diddy" Combs Trial May 7 Jury selection is underway in the federal trial of Sean "Diddy" Combs, who has been charged with racketeering conspiracy, sex trafficking, and transportation to engage in prostitution. Defense Attorney Sheena Winkfield breaks down this high-profile trial, explains the charges, key evidence (including the explosive hotel video involving Cassie Ventura), and Diddy's defense strategy. https://youtu. be/hZEi8vZEc84 Diddy Trial Bombshell: Key Witness Vanishes The first week of testimony in the federal trial of Sean "Diddy" Combs was not without controversy. A government witness has gone silent, the judge allowed new defense evidence, and a Batson challenge sparked debate over jury selection fairness. Get legal insight into this high-profile case from Defense Attorney Sheena Winkfield. https://youtu. be/fSrO9wQoMpU The Track Meet Stabbing: Self-Defense or Murder? April 3, 2025 One student-athlete is dead and another faces a murder charge after a stabbing at a Frisco high school track meet. Police say 17-year-old Karmelo Anthony fatally stabbed Austin Metcalf following an altercation in the stands. Anthony is claiming self-defense in the incident, which played out in front of stunned spectators. Defense attorney Lisa Herrick explains the legal process, the complexities of self-defense under Texas law, and what prosecutors must prove moving forward. https://youtu. be/xWaiHhVunjk > Underage sexting or the electronic transmission of certain visual material depicting a minor in Fort Worth is a misdemeanor. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-07-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/electronic-transmissions/ Electronic Transmission Of Certain Visual Material Depicting A Minor Electronic transmission of certain visual material depicting a minor refers to the act of sending or sharing images or videos that include sexual content of individuals under the age of 18, via electronic means such as text, email, or social media. Penal Code Section 43. 261 A minor (person under 18) commits an offense if they knowingly or intentionally: Promotes visual material via electronic means to another minor that shows a minor engaging in sexual conduct, especially if the minor promoting it produced the material or knows it was produced by another minor. Possesses visual material in electronic format showing another minor engaging in sexual conduct, knowing it was produced by another minor. This statute covers electronic images of minors engaging in sexual conduct. Sexual conduct, under the statute, includes both actual and simulated sexual intercourse. It also includes sexual bestiality, masturbation, acts of sado-masochism, the exhibition of genitals or a female breast below the top of the areola, and/or the anus. Where a minor possesses visual material depicting another minor engaging in any of the above sexual conduct, and the actor either created or assisted in the creation of the material, they are guilty of the offense. Additionally, if the minor possessing the material did not produce the material themselves but knows that another minor produced the material, they have met the elements of the statute. See Penal Code section 43. 261 for more information. The final way a minor may commit the offense involves “promotion” of visual material by one minor to another minor. “Promotion” has a specific definition under Texas law. For purposes of this statute, promotion includes the following behavior: Procuring; Manufacturing; Issuing; Selling; Giving; Providing; Lending; Mailing; Delivering; Transferring; Transmitting; Publishing; Distributing; Circulating; Disseminating; Presenting; Exhibiting; or Advertising such materials. Additionally, offering or agreeing to do any of the above is covered under “promotion. " When a minor engages in any of the above conduct, in regards to material showing a minor, including the minor who is the actor, and the minor either made the material themselves or knows that another minor made the materials, they are also guilty of the offense. The possession or promotion must be intentional or knowing. Generally, this is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a $500 fine. However, in certain cases, the offense can be charged as a Class B misdemeanor, or a Class A misdemeanor. Class B misdemeanors are punishable by fines up to $2,000 and up to 180 days in jail. Class A misdemeanors can include fines up to $4,000 and up to one year in jail. Defenses and Exceptions Affirmative Defense: The minor can claim a defense if: The visual material shows only the actor or another minor who: Is not more than two years older or younger than the actor and had a dating relationship with the actor, or Was the actor's spouse at the time of the offense The material was only shared between the... > Illegal possession or use of a firearm can result in jail and even prison time in Texas. Free consultations are available with our Fort Worth gun lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-08-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-gun-lawyer/ Fort Worth Gun Lawyer A firearms-related offense can result in the loss of freedom and valuable Constitutional rights. While Texas law permits residents to carry a firearm in most public places and use firearms for self-defense, the penalties associated with a violation of the state’s gun laws could include a hefty prison term and fines. If you are charged with a firearms offense, it is important to enlist the assistance of an experienced Fort Worth gun lawyer as soon as possible. A seasoned criminal attorney will help you understand the potential penalties and build the best defense possible on your behalf. Fort Worth Gun Laws Since 2021, Texas no longer requires people to have a license to carry (LTC) in order to carry a handgun in most public places. However, holders of a LTC have greater privileges than those without a license. The regulations vary between licensed and unlicensed carriers around schools and colleges. Furthermore, businesses and private property owners generally have the discretion to forbid unlicensed carry, open carry by licensed holders, concealed carry by licensed holders, or a combination of these. Sections 46. 02 and 46. 04 of the Texas Penal Code establish the offenses of unlawful carry of a weapon and possession of a firearm. In general, to carry a handgun in public in Texas without an LTC, a person must: Be at least 21 years old; Not have a prior felony conviction described in Section 46. 04 of the Texas Penal Code; Not have a recent conviction for certain misdemeanors as described in Section 46. 02 and Section 46. 04 of the Texas Penal Code; Not be subject to a protective order as described in Section 46. 04c; Not be restricted from possessing a firearm under federal law as described in 18 United States Code Section 922(g); Not be intoxicated, unless on your property, as described in Section 46. 02(a-6) If you or a loved one has been accused of unlawful carrying of a weapon or possession of a firearm, it's important to contact an experienced defense attorney who is knowledgable and current about Texas gun laws and highly skilled at defending gun charges. What convictions make you ineligible to possess a firearm? Federal and Texas laws restrict firearm possession for certain individuals based on their criminal history. Here's an overview of the convictions that make it illegal to possess a firearm: Federal Restrictions Under federal law (18 U. S. C. § 922(g)), the following individuals are prohibited from possessing firearms or ammunition: Those convicted of a felony punishable by imprisonment for more than one year. Those convicted of a misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. These federal prohibitions generally result in a lifetime ban on firearm possession. Texas Restrictions Texas law (Texas Penal Code § 46. 04) imposes the following restrictions: Felony convictions: For 5 years after release from confinement or supervision, whichever is later. After 5 years, possession is only allowed on the premises where the person lives. Certain domestic violence misdemeanors: Prohibited for 5... > Our top federal criminal defense lawyer explains what mail fraud is in the federal system and how 18 USC 1341 works. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/mail-fraud/ Federal Mail Fraud Lawyers | 18 USC 1341 Explained What is federal mail fraud? Mail fraud is codified under 18 USC 1341. which criminalizes using the U. S. Postal Service or another mail carrier to fraudulently obtain money or things of value. In a mail fraud case, there are two elements that the prosecution must prove (1) having devised or intending to devise a scheme to defraud (or to perform specified fraudulent acts), and (2) use of the mail for the purpose of executing, or attempting to execute, the scheme (or specified fraudulent acts). The charge of mail fraud is closely related to wire fraud in that there must be the intent to defraud, and the fraudulent activity actually occurred. This allows mail fraud to be charged in many situations, so long as a type of mail carrier was used. However, it is not necessary for a letter to be mailed to be charged with mail fraud - the use of the mail may be “incidental” to the crime. Federal Mail Fraud Charges Have you ever seen a U. S. Postal Service police car and wondered what USPS police officers investigate? One of the most common offenses investigated by the United States Postal Inspection Service is mail fraud. Drug charges are a close second. In 1994, Congress expanded mail fraud from only including the US Postal system to any commercial mail carrier, reflecting the increased use of other mail carriers. Therefore, if you are committing fraud and during the course of the fraud, you use the postal service or another mail carrier, you are subject to prosecution under 1341. Examples of Mail Fraud One of the most famous and well-known mail fraud cases is the Ponzi case. After coming to America, struggling to make a name for himself, and getting involved in other scams, Charles Ponzi developed the Ponzi scheme that would go down in history and become the name that other financial schemes and frauds are named after. His scheme promised investors returns of 50 percent in 45 days or 100 percent in 90 days; the issue came when Ponzi paid investors with money from other investors rather than any actual profits. After his scheme unraveled, Ponzi was charged with 86 counts of mail fraud. In other mail fraud cases, scammers may send letters pretending to be a charitable organization or impersonating an organization like the IRS, intending to misrepresent who they genuinely are to receive money from unsuspecting victims in return. What is the Punishment for Federal Mail Fraud? It is important to note that the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines sets forth recommendations to U. S. District Courts on punishing these types of offenses. Penalties for mail fraud are set according to the actual loss amount and the intended loss amount. This means that person may receive additional punishment for attempted behavior that never results in a loss. Other considerations in mail fraud cases, like other white collar crimes, include the number of victims, the financial hardships the... > Federal fraud charges explained — statutes, Sentencing Guidelines, defenses, and what to do if you receive a target letter. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-05-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/ Federal Fraud Charges: A Comprehensive Guide Federal fraud charges are among the most aggressively prosecuted offenses in the United States. Unlike state-level fraud cases, federal investigations are typically led by agencies such as the FBI, IRS-CI, U. S. Postal Inspection Service, HHS-OIG, and the SEC, often after months — or years — of grand jury work, subpoenas, and cooperating witnesses. By the time a target letter arrives, the government has usually already built much of its case. This guide explains the federal statutes most commonly charged in fraud cases, how the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines drive punishment, the defenses that move the needle, and the procedural milestones every defendant should understand. If you have been contacted by a federal agent or received a federal target letter, the decisions made in the next 30 days will materially affect the outcome of your case. What Makes a Fraud Case "Federal" Federal jurisdiction typically attaches when one or more of the following is present: use of the U. S. mail or interstate wires, an effect on interstate or foreign commerce, a federally insured or chartered institution (banks, credit unions, FDIC-insured deposits), a federal program (Medicare, Medicaid, SBA loans, HUD, FEMA), federal funds or contracts, or false statements made to a federal agency or in connection with a federal proceeding. Most federal fraud cases are prosecuted under Title 18 of the U. S. Code, with healthcare and tax matters drawing in Titles 42 and 26 respectively. The two most flexible — and therefore most frequently charged — statutes are mail fraud (18 U. S. C. § 1341) and wire fraud (18 U. S. C. § 1343). Almost any scheme that uses email, text messages, phone calls across state lines, or interstate financial transfers can be charged as wire fraud, and prosecutors frequently stack wire fraud counts on top of substantive fraud charges. Detailed Overview of Federal Criminal Fraud Statutes Federal criminal fraud charges cover a broad spectrum of offenses involving deceit, misrepresentation, or dishonest conduct intended to gain advantage at the expense of the federal government or other victims. Each statute below has distinct elements the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt. 18 U. S. C. § 1001 — False Statements: Criminalizes knowingly and willfully making false or fraudulent statements, or concealing material facts, in any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the federal government. This statute is what gets people indicted for lying to FBI agents during interviews, even when no underlying crime is charged. Penalty: up to 5 years (8 years in terrorism or sex-offense contexts). 18 U. S. C. § 1002 — Possession of False Papers to Defraud the United States: Possessing or using any false writing or document, knowing it to be false, with intent to defraud the United States. Penalty: up to 5 years. 18 U. S. C. § 1003 — Demands Against the United States: Presenting any false claim against the United States, or any department or agency thereof. Often charged... > Facing price tag switching charges in Fort Worth? Call the criminal defense lawyers at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/switching-price-tags/ Price Tag Switching Charges in Fort Worth If you have ever walked into a retail store you have seen, and most likely used, a self-checkout register. Self-checkout registers are convenient and efficient, however, they have also made it easier in recent years for customers to commit an offense commonly referred to as “price tag switching. ” While switching price tags is not limited to self-checkout registers, the self-serve system has made it easier for customers to alter or tamper with price tags in an attempt to fraudulently pay less money for an item. Here’s a look at price tag switching charges in Fort Worth and Texas, including the crime, the consequences and real-life examples of price switching. What is Price Tag Switching? Price tag switching — formally known as the fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of writing — occurs when an individual attempts to purchase an item at a discounted price, or return an item for more money than it is worth, by tampering with the price tag. The offense of fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of writing is codified under 32. 47 of the Texas Penal Code. This statute makes it illegal for a customer to destroy, remove, conceal, alter, substitute, or otherwise impair the verity, legibility, or availability of a writing, other than a governmental record. For purposes of this offense “writing” includes: printing or any other method of recording information; money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges, trademarks; symbols of value, right, privilege, or identification; and universal product codes, labels, price tags, or markings on goods. In other words, if you are accused of switching price tags in Texas, you will be charged with the offense of “fraudulent destruction, removal or concealment of writing. ” That’s just a very formal, legal way of referring to price tag switching charges in Fort Worth. Fraudulent Destruction, Removal, or Concealment of Writing Fraudulent destruction, removal, or concealment of writing is a crime that is defined by the Texas Penal Code. A person commits this offense if they: Intentionally destroy, remove, conceal, alter, or falsify any writing; Without the owner's consent; With the intent to defraud or harm another person. A "writing" can include any type of record or document, including computer files and other electronic records. The writing must also be one that is required by law to be kept or produced. This can include financial records, legal documents, contracts, and other similar items. Penalties for Switching Price Tags in Texas Standardized in 2019 In the eyes of lawmakers, switching price tags is equivalent to shoplifting or taking money from the register - but that wasn’t always the case. On Sept. 1, 2019, the Texas Legislature passed House Bill 427, making the punishment for price tag switching the same as shoplifting or property theft. Prior to House Bill 427, the punishment for price tag switching was a Class A misdemeanor. The value of the item a customer tampered with was not taken into account nor was the loss to... > You might be surprised to find out you don't always have to identify yourself. What happens if you lie about your identity? - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/failure-to-identify/ Failure To Identify In Texas Failure to ID in Texas Failure to Identify can take two forms - not giving your name and date of birth after you are arrested, or by giving false identifying information to an officer at any point. The offense is a misdemeanor and is enhanced by one level if it occurred while there was a warrant out for your arrest. 2023 Update: You are now also required to identify yourself if you are driving a motor vehicle by giving your correct name and date of birth. Attorney Audrey Hatcher explains in this short video. https://youtu. be/QkxnDMGZDwI Common Misconceptions about Failure to ID in Texas A recent post in a Texas Lawyers forum raised the question of whether a person who is detained by the police has to identify themselves. It makes sense for an officer to ask for your license if you were driving, but what is your duty to identify yourself when you are not driving and police stop you on foot? There were 50 comments on the Texas Lawyers thread within an hour, and if anything was clear, it was this: "Failure to ID" is a confusing charge, even for lawyers. So let's break it down. Failure to Identify by Refusing to Give Information If you are under arrest and the arrest is lawful, it is a crime to not provide identifying information to police. Failure to identify yourself when an officer has lawfully arrested you is a Class C misdemeanor offense in Texas, which is punishable by a fine of up to $500. This same offense rises to a Class B misdemeanor if you lie about your identity once an officer has lawfully detained or arrested you. If you lie about your identity while there's a warrant out for your arrest, that becomes a Class A misdemeanor in Texas for Failure to ID-Fugitive. Do I have to identify myself to the police in Texas? Unless you are driving, it turns out you only have to identify yourself if you are under arrest, not merely detained. That's surprising. If you want to read the statute, turn to Penal Code 38. 02. Do I have to identify myself if I am detained? There is no requirement to identify yourself unless you are driving or under arrest. If you are detained, you may choose not to identify yourself, assuming you are not driving, but lying about your identity while you are detained is an offense. What constitutes the charge of Failure to Identify? The title of the offense is confusing. Failure to ID, when it occurs before a person is under arrest, means a person gave a false name or date of birth. It's sometimes listed as Failure to Identify - False or Fictitious Information. In other words, there would have been no criminal charge for failing to identify if the person had kept quiet during their detention. It is their lie that got them in trouble. Things change when you are placed under arrest.... > Criminal trespass is generally a Class B misdemeanor in Texas. Learn about criminal trespass and notice of trespass. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/trespassing/ Trespassing in Texas | Penal Code 30. 05 What is Criminal Trespass in Texas? Criminal trespass in Texas, as defined under Penal Code Section 30. 05, occurs when a person enters or remains on someone else's property without effective consent and after receiving notice that entry was forbidden or being asked to leave. In Texas, criminal trespass charges often stem from a person entering private property without the consent of the owner or for refusing to leave a premises or property after being ordered to leave or coming back after receiving a trespass warning. There are a number of scenarios that could constitute criminal trespass. For example, you can be charged with criminal trespassing for refusing to leave a store when asked or by going on someone's property that has a "Do Not Enter" sign posted. Criminal trespass is defined in Texas Penal Code 30. 05. It states that a person commits criminal trespass if he or she enters or remains in or on the property of another without the effective consent of the owner, and the accused: had notice that entry was forbidden; or was given notice to depart and failed to do so. Property can include land, a residence, an apartment, an RV park, a business, an aircraft or other vehicle. What is the Punishment for Criminal Trespassing? Criminal Trespass is generally a Class B misdemeanor in Texas, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. However criminal trespass of a habitation, a shelter, or critical infrastructure facility, is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas, punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. What Kind of "Notice" is Required for a Criminal Trespass Charge? To be convicted of criminal trespass, the prosecutor must prove that accused had "notice" that the entry was forbidden. Under the law, notice can mean: (A) oral or written communication by the owner or someone with apparent authority to act for the owner; (B) fencing or other enclosure obviously designed to exclude intruders or to contain livestock; (C) a sign or signs posted on the property or at the entrance to the building, reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders, indicating that entry is forbidden. What Do Trees Painted in Purple Mean in Texas? Purple paint on trees and fences basically mean "No Trespassing. " A law that was enacted in 1997 allows Texas landowners to provide notice that entry is forbidden by painting trees, posts or fences purple, as long as the purple marks are: vertical lines of not less than eight inches in length and not less than one inch in width; placed so that the bottom of the mark is not less than three feet from the ground or more than five feet from the ground; and placed at locations that are readily visible to any person approaching the property and no more than: (a) 100 feet apart on forest land; or (b) 1,000 feet apart on... > If you are facing allegations of corruption or bribery in Fort Worth, call to speak with an attorney about federal public corruption charges. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/public-corruption/ Federal Public Corruption, Bribery and the Hobbs Act Public corruption occurs when authoritative figures abuse their position of power and trust for personal gain. Many federal public corruption cases stem from allegations that a public official accepted a bribe, gratuity or kickback in exchange for making an official decision or acting in a certain manner. We also often see public corruption cases when a public official embezzles or misuses funds or property from the government or its citizens. Public corruption is a federal crime investigated by federal agents. The FBI is the lead agency for investigating allegations of federal public corruption of both state and federal officials. There are three federal statutes that are commonly used against officials accused of bribery or public corruption. They include: Honest Services Fraud Hobbs Act RICO In this article we will take a look at all three statutes and how the government uses them to investigate and prosecute public officials, politicians and business executives - even though these laws were never intended to be used in this manner. What is Honest Services Fraud? Honest services fraud is defined in 18 USC 1346, and is essentially an extension of the mail and wire fraud statue (18 USC 1341, 1343). It is broadly defined as any "scheme or artifice to deprive another of the intangible right of honest services. " To be convicted of honest services fraud, prosecutors must show that: a duty of honest services was owed to someone; mail or wire fraud was committed as part of the scheme; there was a bribe or kickback; there was intent to deceive someone for personal gain; someone was harmed; It's important to point out that the mail, email or mailer - elements needed to show mail or wire fraud was part of the scheme - does not need to have any fraudulent information. Federal prosecutors need only show that the mailing or email was a "step" in the fraudulent scheme. The so-called "College Admissions Scandal" - also dubbed "Operation Varsity Blues" - is a high-profile example of honest services fraud. In 2019, dozens of people - including actors, lawyers, and business owners - were arrested in connection with a cheating scheme designed to help students get into elite universities. In this scandal, wealthy parents bribed and paid off third parties to get their child admitted to the elite college of their choice. In some cases, coaches were paid to admit unqualified students as recruited athletes. In other cases, ACT and SAT exam administrators were paid to fix the students' scores. Dozens of people were convicted in the scheme, many of whom received federal prison time and steep fines. What is the The Hobbs Act? The Hobbs Act (18 USC 1951) outlaws robbery or extortion that affects interstate or foreign commerce. It was initially enacted to combat racketeering, or organized crime, in labor-management disputes, but it has been used for years to prosecute charges of bribery and public corruption in state and local government. This is because... > Accused of federal mortgage fraud? Call 817-203-2220 today for a consultation with an experienced federal criminal defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/mortgage-fraud/ Federal Mortgage Fraud Lawyers | Federal Defense What is Mortgage Fraud? Mortgage fraud is not codified under a Federal Statute, however, it typically refers to the illegal activities taken to obtain a mortgage or to obtain profit from the sale of a property based on false or fraudulent documentation. How Mortgage Fraud is Prosecuted Even though there is no specific “Mortgage Fraud” statute, like wire fraud or mail fraud, Mortgage Fraud is still being investigated and prosecuted by the federal government. Mortgage Fraud is typically prosecuted under an associated fraud charge, such as: Continuing Financial Crimes Enterprise (18 USC § 225); Credit Institution Fraud (18 USC § 1006); Housing and Urban Development (HUD) & Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Fraud (18 USC § 1010); or False Statement on Loan Applications (18 USC § 1014). Each associated charge has something to do with the mortgage application and loan process, allowing federal prosecutors to bring charges against an individual without it explicitly being designated as “Mortgage Fraud. ” Types of Mortgage Fraud Mortgage Fraud can occur in several ways. However, most will fall into one of two categories: Fraud for Property or Fraud for Profit. In a Fraud for Property case, the goal of the fraud is to get ownership of a property that the person otherwise would not be able to finance. This type of fraud typically involves a single party, or a few parties rather than an entire team conducting the fraud. Lying on loan applications and causing discrepancies between the applicant on the loan application and the reality of the applicant’s situation can lead to an arrest. In a Fraud for Profit case, the goal of the fraud is to make a profit and do so as quickly as possible. These investigations typically involve more than one person, from financial employees to mortgage brokers and real estate attorneys. In these cases, there generally is a “team” of people working together to create a conspiracy. The “team” typically consists of professionals or those with expertise in mortgages. What is the punishment for Mortgage Fraud? The punishment for mortgage fraud depends on the offense level, but generally speaking, it can range from 0 to 20 years in federal prison. An experienced mortgage fraud lawyer can look at the allegations of your case and advise you of the potential consequences. Examples of Mortgage Fraud and Possible Outcomes In February of 2022, six Houston residents were indicted for participating in a multi-state scheme involving mortgage fraud, credit repair, and government loan fraud. These individuals could face up to 30 years in federal prison. This fraud involved applicants, realtors, and even mortgage brokers submitting false or fake documents and, in some cases, “cleaning” clients’ credit histories for a favorable application. With the rise in popularity of “fixer-upper” style TV shows, the market to “flip” houses has also become increasingly popular. To flip a home, a buyer will purchase a run-down or outdated house to sell the house at a higher price for a profit. While... > A juvenile adjudication hearing is a trial in which a judge or jury decide whether a juvenile committed a crime in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-adjudication-hearing/ What Happens During A Juvenile Adjudication Hearing In Texas? What is a juvenile adjudication hearing in Texas? The juvenile justice system in Texas is much different than the adult system. The terminology and procedures are different, and it is easy to get confused – especially when words like “juvenile adjudication” and “delinquent conduct” are used. In short, a juvenile adjudication hearing is a trial – similar to an adult criminal trial – in which a judge or jury determines if a juvenile committed an offense. The words “guilty” and “not guilty” are not used in the juvenile system. Instead, they use the words “true” or “not true. ” In the article, we’ll explain what happens during a juvenile adjudication hearing and what happens when a child is found to have engaged in delinquent conduct – the equivalent of being convicted in the adult system. If your child has been accused of committing a crime in Tarrant County or North Texas, it’s important to contact an experienced juvenile attorney as soon as possible. Attorney Lisa Herrick is a highly-regarded Board Certified Juvenile Attorney at Varghese Summersett, where she specializes in defending youth ages 10 through 16. Important Juvenile Terms to Know If your child has been accused of committing an offense and is facing a juvenile trial – legally referred to as an adjudication hearing – it’s important to familiarize yourself with common terms that you will likely hear your attorney say or in court. Respondent: In the juvenile system, youth accused of crimes are referred to as “respondents. ” In the adult system, individuals accused of a crime are referred to as “defendants. ” Delinquent Conduct: Under Section 51. 03 (a) (1) of the Texas Family Code, delinquent conduct is defined as conduct, other than a traffic offense, that violates a state or federal law and, if committed by an adult, would be punishable by prison or jail. This includes Class A and B misdemeanors, as well as felony offenses. Think of delinquent conduct as a “charge” and can include: Assault Possession of a Controlled Substance Robbery/Aggravated Robbery Sex Offenses Terroristic Threat Adjudication hearing: An adjudication hearing is a trial where a judge or jury will decide whether the allegations made against the juvenile are true or not true. An adjudication hearing will only occur if the juvenile is pleading “not true” – that is, “not guilty” – to the crime for which he or she is charged. Adjudicated delinquent: If a juvenile has been adjudicated delinquent, that means a judge or jury has found the allegations against the juvenile to be true and is in need of rehabilitation. In other words, they will face consequences/punishment. This is the equivalent to a “guilty” verdict in adult court. Adjudicated not delinquent: When a juvenile has been adjudicated not delinquent after a trial, that means the allegations against the juvenile have been found not true by a judge or jury. The case (or petition) against the juvenile will be dismissed. This is... > Child facing a juvenile capital murder charge in North Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with Board Certified Juvenile Attorney Lisa Herrick. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-capital-murder-charges-in-texas/ Understanding Juvenile Capital Murder Charges In Texas In Texas, the most severe charge for which a juvenile can be charged is capital murder. It is reserved for homicides that have aggravated factors, such as multiple murders, killing a public servant, or committing a murder during the commisssion of another felony. It allows prosecutors to seek the harshest penalties possible. For adults, those penalties are the death penalty or life in prison without parole. Fortunately, the law doesn’t allow such extreme punishments for juvenile capital murder charges in Texas. Still, the stakes are still extremely high. If your child is facing a capital murder charge in North Texas, the most important thing you can do is contact a highly-experienced juvenile defense attorney as soon as possible. Time is of the essence; things move faster for juveniles than adults. At Varghese Summersett, we are fortunate to have one of the foremost juvenile experts in Texas on our team. Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law – one of only two attorneys in Tarrant County and only 70 in the state of Texas to hold this prestigious distinction. She has a proven track record of success defending juveniles charged with capital murder in Texas. In this article, we will explain juvenile capital murder charges, potential punishments, and answer frequently asked questions. But first, please take a moment to watch this video by Lisa in which she gives an overview of juvenile capital murder charges in Texas. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=IBPmOMnMOAk&t=1s What Constitutes Juvenile Capital Murder Charges? The offense of capital murder is the same for an adult and a juvenile. It is a homicide that occurs under specific circumstances, such as killing a police officer, committing a murder during the commission of another felony, or multiple murders. Under Section 19. 03a of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits capital murder if he or she commits murder AND The individual killed is a peace officer or fireman in the line of duty and the person knows the individual is a peace officer or fireman; The killing occurs during the commission or attempt of the following felonies: kidnapping, burglary, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat; The killing was committed for payment or promise of payment. Both the person who kills another and the person who hires a person to kill are guilty of capital murder; The killing occurs during the escape, whether successful or not, from a penal institution; The individual killed is an employee of a penal institution and the killing is committed by an incarcerated person; The killing is committed by an incarcerated person in conjunction with organized criminal activity; The killing is committed by a person incarcerated for murder or capital murder; The killing is committed by a person incarcerated for the following aggravated felonies: aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, or aggravated robbery; The person kills more than one individual either during the same criminal transaction or during different transactions but under a common scheme; The... > Is your child facing juvenile certification in Tarrant County? Call 817-203-2220 today to speak with an experienced, board certified juvenile defense attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-certification-in-texas/ Juvenile Certification In Texas: When Can A Minor Be Tried As An Adult? What is juvenile certification in Texas? In Texas, juveniles can be certified to stand trial as an adult if they are accused of serious crimes, such as murder or aggravated sexual assault. The decision to seek certification is up to the juvenile prosecutor handling the case and must be granted by a juvenile judge after a hearing. If the judge agrees to certify a juvenile to stand trial as an adult, the case will be transferred to adult criminal court. Once a case has been transferred, the minor will be tried as an adult and subject to the adult criminal justice process and the penalties associated with that offense. However, there are a few caveats regarding certified juveniles. In the adult system, an adult convicted of capital murder faces either the death penalty or life in prison without the possibility of parole. By law, certified juveniles convicted of capital murder face an automatic life sentence with the possibility of parole. Likewise, certified juveniles convicted of certain sex crimes are not required to register as sex offenders for life. The maximum sex offender registration requirement for certified juveniles is 10 years. Juvenile Certification in Tarrant County and the Surrounding Areas The juvenile justice system is designed to handle minors who get in trouble with the law, focusing on rehabilitation rather than punishment. However, in rare instances, prosecutors will seek to transfer juveniles to adult criminal court, especially if the alleged offense is violent or high-profile. This process is known as juvenile certification and is not taken lightly. This article will discuss the basics of juvenile certification and when a minor can be tried as an adult in Texas. We will also explain what happens to teens who are certified to stand trial as an adult in Tarrant County. Who qualifies for juvenile certification if you are under age 18? Under Section 54. 02 (a) of the Texas Family Code, to be eligible for juvenile certification, the offender must be: at least 14 years old and under age 17 at the time he or she is alleged to have committed the offense and charged with capital murder, an aggravated controlled substance felony, or a first-degree felony; or at least 15 years old and under age 17 at the time he or she is alleged to have committed the offense and charged with a state jail felony or a second or third-degree felony; and the defendant has not been adjudicated. Who qualifies for juvenile certification if you are age 18 or over? Under Section 54. 02 (j) of the Texas Family Code, to be eligible for juvenile certification if you are 18 years old or older, the offender must have been: at least 10 years old and under age 17 at the time he or she is alleged to have committed capital murder or murder; or at least 14 years old and under age 17 at the time he or... > Is your child in custody and facing a juvenile detention hearing in Fort Worth or Dallas? Call 817-203-220 for a free consultation with a Board Certified Juvenile Defense Attorney. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile-detention-hearing/ What Happens During A Juvenile Detention Hearing In Texas? When juveniles are taken into custody for allegedly violating the law in Texas, they have certain rights that kick in very quickly. One of them is the right to have a juvenile detention hearing within two business days. What is a juvenile detention hearing in Texas? The purpose of this hearing is to determine whether the child should be released or remain in the juvenile detention center while their case is pending. In this article, we explain what happens during a juvenile detention hearing and how a judge decides whether a child should be detained or released. But first, please watch this video by Board Certified Juvenile Attorney Lisa Herrick. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JvaJrq7k1yE What is juvenile detention? When juveniles in Texas are accused of committing serious crimes – legally referred to as “engaging in delinquent conduct” or “conduct indicating a need for supervision” – they are not hauled off to adult jail. Instead, the law requires that they be taken to a juvenile detention center specifically designed to house and safely secure and supervise youth ages 10 through 16. Juvenile detention facilities are 24-hour, lock-down facilities intended for short-term confinement. Juveniles may be held until their case is adjudicated or released to a parent, guardian, or another suitable adult under certain conditions. The decision to keep or release a child is up to the judge after a juvenile detention hearing. There is no such thing as bail in the juvenile system. In Tarrant County, juveniles are held at the Tarrant County Juvenile Detention Center, formally known as the Lynn W. Ross Juvenile Detention. In Dallas County, juveniles are held at the Dr. Jerome McNeil Jr. Detention Center. When will a child have a juvenile detention hearing? According to the Texas Family Code Section 54. 01(a), a juvenile detention hearing must be held “promptly” – within two business days – of a child being taken into custody. If the child is detained on a Friday or Saturday, then the hearing will be held on the first business day after the child is taken into custody. If a child is ordered detained, the law requires that they have a subsequent detention hearing within 10 days for as long as they are in custody. In other words, 10 days is the maximum time between detention hearings. The juvenile’s attorney can also request additional hearings at any time. Who is present at a juvenile detention hearing? The judge, juvenile, prosecutor, child’s attorney, and a probation officer will be present at a juvenile detention hearing. The juvenile’s parent or guardian should also be present. However, if the parent or guardian can’t be located or cannot attend, the court will appoint counsel or a guardian ad litem to act as the legal representative for the child and represent their interests during the juvenile detention hearing. Will the child have a defense attorney at the initial juvenile detention hearing? Ideally, yes. Before the initial detention hearing, the... > Cruelty to animals in Texas ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to a state jail felony based on the type if animal and nature of alleged abuse. Animal cruelty defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-02-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/animal-cruelty-in-texas/ Animal Cruelty in Texas Explained Animal cruelty in Texas is defined under the Texas Penal Code Chapter 42, Sections 42. 09 and 42. 092, and includes acts such as torturing, neglecting, or abandoning animals. In Texas, animal cruelty can be charged as a Class A misdemeanor or a state jail felony, depending on the nature of the alleged offense. Why are animal cruelty cases prosecuted aggressively? People feel very strongly about animals in Texas and it's not uncommon for cases alleging cruelty to animals to garner intense public attention. This type of attention can negatively impact you personally and professionally for years to come. That's why it's imperative if you are facing charges of animal abuse to contact an experienced defense attorney skilled in public relations as soon as possible. Animal cruelty cases are highly emotional and often make headlines. Our animal cruelty attorneys are experienced at handling these cases. We will carefully evaluate the facts and circumstances and build a solid defense to protect your rights and your reputation. What Constitutes Animal Cruelty in Texas? Animal cruelty in Texas includes the acts of torturing, abandoning, failing to provide for, or transporting an animal in an unsafe manner. Animal cruelty is prohibited in two different sections of the penal code in Texas: Penal Code 42. 09 prohibits cruelty to livestock animals. Livestock animals are those which are kept for the purposes of raising, selling or producing food. Penal Code 49. 092 prohibits cruelty to non-livestock animals. Non-livestock animals are usually defined as those which are kept as pets. What is Cruelty to Livestock Animals? Penal Code 42. 09 prohibits intentional or knowing abusive behavior towards livestock including: Torturing an animal (felony); Failing to provide a reasonable amount of food, water, care and shelter to an animal (misdemeanor); Abandoning an animal (misdemeanor); Transporting or confining an animal in an unreasonable or cruel way (misdemeanor); Poisons an animal without the owner's consent (felony); Causing an animal to engage in a fight with another animal (felony); Using a live animal as a lure in a dog race (felony); Tripping a horse (felony); Seriously overworking the livestock animal (misdemeanor). The offenses in bold are Class A misdemeanors. The offenses that are not in bold are state jail felonies. What is Cruelty to a Non-livestock Animal? Penal Code 42. 092 prohibits a person from intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: torturing an animal (felony) in a cruel manner killing an animal (felony) in a cruel manner causes serious bodily injury to an animal (felony) poisons, kills, or causes serious bodily injury to the animal without the owner's consent (felony) failing to provide reasonable care to an animal in the person's custody (misdemeanor) unreasonably abandons an animal in the person's custody (misdemeanor) transports or confines the animal in a cruel manner (misdemeanor) causes bodily injury to the animal without the owner's consent (misdemeanor) causes one animal to fight with another (felony) uses a live animal as a lure in a dog race (felony) seriously overworks the animal. (misdemeanor)... > Fraudulent investment scam prosecutions are on the rise in Fort Worth. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation to mount an aggressive defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/investment-scams/ Fraudulent Investment Scams and Restitution in Fort Worth Almost all of us have heard the story of how Bernie Madoff swindled billions of dollars from investors who entrusted him with their money. They had high hopes that he would use his investment expertise to give them a healthy return on their investment. However, instead of doing as he promised, he used that money to perpetuate an endless cycle of fraud that would eventually collapse and leave many of his victims’ lives in ruins. In the aftermath, many people were left asking how they could have become a victim of this kind of fraud, and how they could lose so much money at one time, based on the deception of a very small set of individuals. Unfortunately, this type of fraud is all too common in the technology driven world we live in. Even intelligent people who have a financial background can be taken for a ride by convincing fraudsters such as Madoff. Worse, because initial investors are often paid with monies swindled from subsequent victims, victims may be enticed by favorable recommendations of friends. Thus, victims could actually have been persuaded by an honest referral of a well-intentioned person. How a Investment Scam Begins Typically a scheme begins with an investor investing a small amount with an individual or brokerage firm. Often individuals are cautious and weary at first, and the investment of a small amount builds trust and allows the investor to see what type of return is possible. The scammers use this to their advantage and know they can pay out great returns on a small investment in order to hook the investor. As a result, the happy victim escalates his commitment by giving a larger amount in the future. After a period of time, the investor is shown reports claiming that the investment has given great returns. In most cases, an actual return is realized on the initial investment. However, false reports are sometimes generated to show a gain, if either the investment flopped or if the money was never invested as promised at all. Due to the mass accessibility of stock data and the availability of materials that can produce professional-looking reports, it is easy to make it seem as if someone is making more of a return than they really are. For that reason, it takes months if not years to discover that a person has been a victim of investment fraud. How do Scams Going Wrong? Usually the scam will collapse on itself after the money needed to pay back investors runs out. Not all investors are paid back what they are owed because the money just is not there. Early investors may get lucky and cash out quickly. However, often investors who have invested the largest amounts are left with nothing. Due to the complicated nature of financial investigations, sifting through the voluminous records and list of investors takes time and the prosecutions are often very lengthy in nature. The investigations are time-consuming,... > Missing a court date can result in a warrant and bond forfeiture. Our Fort Worth attorneys can help you avoid or resolve the warrant for failure to appear. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-10-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-failure-to-appear-lawyer/ Fort Worth Failure To Appear Lawyer Thinking about skipping a court date? Think again. By law, defendants are required to appear in court in person at all scheduled settings. Failure to appear, also known as bail jumping, is a serious, separate criminal offense that can result in severe consequences. Oversleeping, working, or forgetting are not legitimate excuses for not showing up in court. If you are facing allegations of missing a court date, it's important to contact a skilled lawyer for help. https://youtu. be/fIWbd09AFyo What is Failure to Appear? Unlike many aspects of criminal law, the elements of this criminal offense are straightforward. According to Texas Penal Code 38. 10, bail jumping and failure to appear are defined as: “A person lawfully released from custody, with or without bail, on condition that he subsequently appear commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly fails to appear in accordance of his release. ” What Can Happen if You Fail to Appear in Court? Several things can happen if you fail to appear in court. The judge can issue a warrant for your arrest and your bond may be forfeited – meaning you lose the money or collateral put up for your release from jail on the original charge. Additionally, a separate criminal charge of failure to appear can be brought against you. The penalty for jumping bail depends on the type of crime for which you were originally charged. For example, if you fail to appear for a misdemeanor offense, the penalty will be less severe than skipping a court date for a felony charge. The charges and penalties for failure to appear include: Class C Misdemeanor, punishable by up to a $500 fine, if the original charge was a Class C Misdemeanor. Class A Misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in the county jail and a $4,000 fine, if the original charge was a Class A or B Misdemeanor. Third Degree Felony, punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine, if the original charge was a felony. Steps Taken by the Government for Failure to Appear Freedom is often short-lived for individuals who intentionally skip court. Once the judge issues a warrant, the defendant’s name will be added to a warrant database that law enforcement officials can access during traffic stops, at border crossings or even at the airport. Not to mention, bondsmen, bounty hunters, and U. S. Marshals may actively look for bail jumpers, especially those who are charged with a felony. The takeaway is this: Being accused of a crime is frightening, but a court date is one appointment you don’t want to miss. How a Fort Worth Failure to Appear Attorney Can Help Although judges often react swiftly and harshly to missed court appearances, the law recognizes that, at times, there are valid excuses for failing to appear. The statute includes two specific defenses that, if successfully argued, could result in an excused absence: Your court appearance was incident to parole, community... > Lying to federal agents can lead to criminal charges. Learn more about Federal False Statements in Fort Worth and how to proceed if you've been charged. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/false-statements/ Federal False Statements in Fort Worth Most people are familiar with the offense of perjury, which is a crime that prohibits lying under oath. Typically people envision that perjury cases arise out of some sort of court proceeding or trial. That is usually the case. However, under federal law there are separate offenses that outlaw lying in certain particular situations. These are specific statutes that outlaw deception in various federally-related inquiries. This class of offenses, typically referred to as Federal False Statements, is especially significant for persons who encounter federal law enforcement agents. Federal False Statement Statutes The most common offense prosecuted for making false statements in a federal matter is found under 18 USC 1001. Specifically, the statute allows for the prosecution of any person that “falsifies, conceals, or covers up by any trick... a material fact” relating to “any matter within the jurisdiction of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States. ” This statute also outlaws the use of any false writing. Persons found guilty of this offense “shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years or, if the offense involves international or domestic terrorism... imprisoned not more than 8 years. ” On its face, this prohibition does not seem to apply criminal investigations; however, such investigations are considered executive branch inquiries. That is, federal agencies that prosecute crimes, such as the IRS, FBI, DEA, Homeland Security/U. S. Customs and Border Patrol, U. S. Postal Inspection Service, and a myriad of other federal law enforcement agencies, are all considered to be part of the Executive Branch of the U. S. Government. That means that any statement considered to be deceptive that is made to an agent of these entities could be prosecuted under section 1001. There are many other offenses similar to section 1001. It is also illegal to possess false papers to defraud the U. S. (Section 1002), issue notes of the Federal Reserve Bank without authorization (Section 1005), make false entries in any report or statement of the Federal Reserve Bank, make a false statement regarding naturalization or citizenship (Section 1015),engage in a scheme to steal TARP related funds (Section 1031), or make false representations related to federal land banks, HUD, insurance companies, ERISA accounts, and even crop insurance. All of these activities carry potential prison time and federal fines. These crimes give federal agents extraordinary power while conducting their investigations. For example, if a business owner such as a CPA or practicing physician, is encountered by FBI agents who conduct a “knock and talk” where the agents visit the business, they will assuredly request to interview the owner. If the owner, or an employee, agrees to be interviewed that person may or may not be warned that any false statement to the agent could subject that person to prosecution for a separate criminal offense under section 1001. Regardless of the warning, that possibility remains true. This is significant because it provides an independent concern for... > Federal bank robbery in Fort Worth can be punished by 10 years to life in prison. Call Varghese Summersett to learn more. Free consultations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/bank-robbery/ Federal Bank Robbery in Fort Worth American folklore surrounds famous bank robbers, such as Butch Cassidy, John Barrow, and John Dillinger. Stories describing their flare and efforts to outwit federal law enforcement officials are legendary. Robbing a bank is a federal offense. The federal law banning bank robbery is found under 18 USC 2113. Specifically, this law bans taking, or attempting take, by force or threat, anything under the “care, custody, control, management, or possession of, any bank , credit union, or any savings and loan association. ” Simply put, the fact that bank property is the object of the taking serves as the basis for federal prosecution. If a robbery involves other types of private property, such as money from a convenience store, the crime would be most likely handled in a state court as opposed to a federal district court. Types of Offenses A prosecution theory of the use of force, violence, or intimidation is authorized under 18 USC 2113(a). This offense carries a sentence of up to 20 years. It is also illegal to enter or attempt to enter a bank “with intent to commit... any felony. ” This is a burglary theory of prosecution and is also defined under 2113(a). It also carries up to 20 years. Under 2213(b) it is a felony to steal more than $1,000 from inside a bank. A violation of this provision carries a sentence up to 10 years. Under 2113(c) it is illegal to receive or possess or even conceal, sell, or get rid of, anything stolen from a bank or S&L or credit union. If it was part of a robbery, the sentence is the same as under 2113(a). If it is simply stolen money then it is the same as under 2113(b). Under 2113 (d) anyone who commits a robbery or a theft in a bank and either assaults (causes an injury) or puts someone’s life in jeopardy using a deadly weapon would be subject to possible sentence of up to 25 years. Under 2113(e) anyone who commits a robbery or theft and, either while committing the offense or when trying to get away with the offense, kills or kidnaps a person would be subject to a minimum sentence of 10 years and, if someone dies, could be punished with life imprisonment or death. Most, but not all, federal offenses are listed under Title 18 of the United States Code. This title, for most offenses, serves as a sort of federal penal code. Title 18 lists offenses related to RICO, bankruptcy fraud, wire and mail fraud, securities fraud, firearms offenses, money laundering, bank robbery, Hobbs Act (extortion and bribery) violations, and a host of others. Some other crimes related to patent infringement and customs violations (Title 19), tax evasion (Title 26), securities exchange offenses (Title 15), and narcotics (Title 21), are dealt with under other sections. How are Bank Robberies Investigated? It is also important to recognize that federal law enforcement agencies enjoy a substantial advantage in resources,... > It could be crucial to understand how Fort Worth federal contractor fraud cases are alleged, prosecuted, and what defense attorneys must do. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/contractor/ Fort Worth Federal Contractor Fraud The U. S. Government is in an and of itself a massive part of the overall American economy. The level of commerce associated with the various goods and services needed to perform the myriad of government functions cannot be overstated. Whether it is providing medical insurance through Medicare or Medicaid, the construction of military weaponry, or a host of other services the government provides, the government’s use of private companies to accomplish these goals is vast. With such significant scope and complexity comes a high price tag and a large opportunity for federal contractor fraud. Conversely, that same complexity also presents challenges for individuals and companies trying to legally provide and bill the Government for lawful services. A tenacious and experienced attorney at our firm could help to explain your rights in a Fort Worth federal contractor fraud case and how to best proceed. 18 USC 1031(a)(2) outlines federal contractor fraud and it refers to stealing from the federal government when fulfilling obligations under any government contract. Federal courts will enforce laws that prohibit companies and their agents from over-charging or under-serving the U. S. government, falsely inflating the cost of services provided, bribing government officials, or even falsely substituting promised goods for cheaper goods. Additionally, criminal prosecutions arise from various types of misrepresentations and failure to fulfill certain material promises when dealing with the government. For example, under US v. Allred, 867 F. 2d 856 (5th Cir. 1989), ten individuals and Donallco (a parts supplier for the U. S. military) were convicted of Conspiracy to Defraud the United States (18 USC 371) and False Statements (18 USC 1001). Basically, these defendants were charged with executing a scheme where they represented to Kelly Air Force Base that they were providing unused fuel pumps for C-130 military aircraft purportedly manufactured by a company named Pesco. In actuality, the parts were manufactured more recently by a company named Donallco. The reason for this deception (misrepresenting the manufacturer and age of the fuel pumps) was to avoid Government inspections. While this scheme may seem technical in nature, the essence of the Government’s case was not. These defendants were convicted of federal white-collar felonies for deceiving the U. S. Government under a federal contract. Such prosecutions may entail significant prison sentences and fines. Another example of fraud can be found regarding assurances made by contractors. In US v. Puente, 982 F. 2d 156 (5th Cir. 1993) an individual was convicted under 18 USC 1001 when he falsely stated within a bid that he had never been convicted of a felony. Other Fraud Statutes In addition to 18 USC 371 and 1001, other fraud statutes are also used to prosecute government contract fraud. Bribery 18 USC 666 outlaws individuals who are agents of a state, local (city) or Indian tribunal entity that receives federal funds, from embezzling or stealing such funds, or solicits or accepts bribes related to such funds. An offense under this section could carry imprisonment of up... > Manufacture Delivery Controlled Substance Texas enhances simple possession and results in much higher punishment ranges. Learn more about the charge and defenses. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-drug-lawyer/manufacture-delivery-controlled-substance/ Understanding Manufacturing and Delivery of Controlled Substances in Texas Manufacturing and delivery of controlled substances are serious offenses in Texas, governed by specific sections of the Health & Safety Code. The offense is sometimes referred to as Man/Del. This article explains the key definitions, penalties, and considerations related to these charges. What is Manufacturing? Under Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 002(25), "manufacture" encompasses the production, preparation, propagation, compounding, conversion, or processing of controlled substances (excluding marijuana). This can occur through: Extraction from natural substances Chemical synthesis A combination of extraction and chemical synthesis Packaging, repackaging, labeling, or relabeling containers Important exceptions exist for licensed practitioners who handle controlled substances as part of their professional duties, including: Medical professionals administering or dispensing substances in their practice Researchers or teachers conducting authorized studies or analyses What is Delivery? According to Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 002(8), "delivery" means transferring a controlled substance, counterfeit substance, or drug paraphernalia to another person. This includes: Actual transfer (physically handing over the substance) Constructive transfer (arranging or controlling the transfer through others) Offering to sell, even if no transaction occurs Understanding the Penalty Groups in Texas for Manufacturing and Delivery Penalty Group 1 (§ 481. 112) Covers highly addictive substances like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine Penalties range from state jail felony to first-degree felony Quantity determines severity of punishment, potentially including life imprisonment Penalty Group 1-A (§ 481. 1121) Primarily covers LSD and its variants Punishment based on number of "abuse units" Ranges from state jail to first-degree felony Penalty Group 1-B (§ 481. 1122) Focuses on potent opioids, including certain fentanyl forms Tiered punishments based on weight Aggressive prosecution due to opioid crisis concerns Penalty Group 1-C (§ 481. 1123) Covers emerging synthetic drugs Felony scale punishment based on quantity Additional factors may increase charges Penalty Groups 2 & 2-A (§ 481. 113) Group 2: MDMA (ecstasy) and certain hallucinogens Group 2-A: Synthetic cannabinoids Penalties from state jail to first-degree felony Penalty Groups 3 & 4 (§ 481. 114) Group 3: Prescription drugs with high abuse potential Group 4: Lower-risk regulated compounds Generally lighter penalties but still significant Common Scenarios as Examples Methamphetamine Production Operating a lab falls under § 481. 112 Classified as manufacturing of Penalty Group 1 substance Cocaine Distribution Selling or offering to sell charged under § 481. 112 Actual transfer not required for delivery charge Ecstasy Sales Falls under § 481. 113 as Penalty Group 2 Manufacturing or delivery charges apply Prescription Medication Sharing Even giving away prescribed medications can constitute delivery Charges under § 481. 114 for Groups 3 or 4 substances 7 Defense Tips for Manufacturing or Delivery of a Controlled Substance in Texas 1. Understanding Manufacturing and Delivery Charges In short, this is an allegation that a person is a drug dealer. This is more than just mere possession. Possession is the care, custody, control and management of the substance. 2. Be Wary of Police Promises in Manufacture Delivery Controlled Substance Cases It is... > Federal tax fraud carries up to 5 years in prison. Contact the lawyers at Varghese Summersett to mount am aggressive defense. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/tax/ Federal Tax Fraud in Fort Worth We are taught at a young age that only death and taxes are certain. Regardless of the net worth of an individual or company, reporting and paying taxes is both inevitable and frustrating. This is because the United States Tax Code includes a lengthy, complicated set of standards, terms, and regulations that make tax compliance oftentimes difficult. While simple individual tax returns, such as a 1040EZ, only require the submission of W-2 data and listing dependents, tax returns can become very difficult to prepare and submit accurately. For example, homeowners and contributors to charitable organizations need to become familiar with other tax forms and keep records to demonstrate what deductible expenses they actually incurred. Because the U. S. Government has become large and highly dependent upon the collection of vast sums to support its activities, it has employed the Treasury and IRS to identify and collect unreported income. It does via a highly sophisticated civil audit and collection process and also through criminal enforcement. As former federal prosecutors who were involved in significant financial crime prosecutions, we are adept at identifying investigative techniques and finding weaknesses in the Government’s case. To learn more about federal tax fraud cases in Fort Worth, reach out to an attorney who has experience handling these cases. Understanding the Prosecution of Tax Crimes The three primary entities that enforce criminal tax statutes are: IRS-CI; DOJ Tax; and the USAO. IRS-CI IRS-CI stands for the Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigations Division. IRS-CI includes thousands of highly trained agents who investigate individuals and companies for suspected tax crimes. The most common offenses are tax evasion (Attempts to Evade or Defeat Tax, 26 USC 7201), failure to file a return (Willful Failure to File Return, 26 USC 7204), false statement within a tax return (Fraud and False Statements 26 USC 7206), and filing a false return (Fraudulent Returns, Statements, or Other Documents 26 USC 7207). It is also important to recognize that IRS-CI also participates in investigations that are incidentally related to tax return preparation. For example, most High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTA) units include IRS agents who investigate whether drug trafficking organizations (DTOs) are also failing to pay income taxes. Further, DOJ Tax and United States Attorney’s Offices are also expanding the investigation of false tax return schemes under non-tax statutes such as money laundering (18 USC 1956 and 1957) or mail and wire fraud (18 USC 1341 and 1343). DOJ Tax DOJ Tax stands for the Department of Justice Tax Division located in Washington, D. C. Attorneys assigned to DOJ Tax are charged with making ultimate prosecution decisions in tax related cases. Attorneys in the division often travel to local federal districts to prosecute cases. USAO USAO stands for the United States Attorney’s Office which handles federal criminal prosecution among the 94 U. S. federal districts. Each US Attorney is appointed by the President and is in charge of multiple Assistant United States Attorneys and support staff. In a tax... > Accused of tampering with a government record in Fort Worth? Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced criminal defense lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/tampering-with-a-government-record/ Tampering With A Government Record | Fort Worth, TX Tampering with a Government Record in Fort Worth Defense, Serving Tarrant County and Surrounding Areas Tampering with a government record is an offense that often stems from someone forging signatures on legal documents. However, the statute is much broader than that and criminalizes a wide array of other activities, such as creating a fake ID or altering school records. Basically, Texas lawmakers wrote the statute in such a way that prosecutors can use it to file charges related to the illegal use of any kind of government record. In this article, we are going to go over the law of tampering with a government record in Texas, as well as potential consequences and examples of this offense. If you or a loved one has been accused of tampering with a government record in Fort Worth or North Texas, it’s important to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney who is skilled at handling these types of cases. What Constitutes Tampering with a Government Record in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code 37. 10, a person commits the offense of tampering with a government record if he or she: knowingly makes a false entry in, or false alteration of, a governmental record; makes presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity and with the intent that it be taken as a genuine governmental record; intentionally destroys, conceals, removes, or otherwise impairs the verity, legibility, or availability of a governmental record; possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with the intent that it be used unlawfully; makes presents, or uses a governmental record with knowledge of its falsity; or possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with the knowledge that it was obtained unlawfully. What is considered a government record? Under Texas Penal Code 37. 01, a government record is defined as: Anything belonging to, received by, or kept by the government for information, including a court record; Anything required by law to be kept by others for information of government; A license, certificate, permit, seal, title, letter of patent, or similar document issued by the government, by another state or by the United States; A standard proof of motor vehicle liability insurance form described by Texas Transportation Code 601. 081; a certificate of an insurance company described by Texas Transportation Code 601. 083; a document purporting to be such a form or certificate that is not issued by an insurer authorized to write motor vehicle liability insurance in this state, electronic submission in a form described by Texas Transportation Code 502,0469i); or evidence of financial responsibility described by Texas Transportation Code 601. 053; An official ballot or another election record; or The written documentation on a mobile food unit is required to obtain under Texas Health and Safety Code 437. 0074. What are some examples of tampering with a government record in Texas?... > Federal bank fraud under 18 USC 1344 carries up to 30 years in prison. Mount an aggressive defense with Varghese Summersett. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/bank/ Federal Bank Fraud Lawyer While it is illegal under federal law to knowingly participate in a ‘scheme or artifice to defraud,’ generally, it is a separate offense to knowingly “defraud a financial institution” or “obtain any of the moneys, funds, credits, assets, securities... of a financial institution by means of false or fraudulent pretenses. ” This offense is otherwise known as bank fraud and carries up to a $1,000,000 fine and 30 years in prison under 18 USC 1344. Prosecutors use this statute to go after bank executives and officers who knowingly allow bank resources to be dispensed upon false grounds or deceptive representations by loan applicants. The statute is also used to go after non-bank participants in such schemes. For example, many mortgage fraud schemes call for inflated loans to purchase homes, mobile homes, or other real property where participants split the excess cash dispensed. This means that false statements on loan applications, usage of appraisers to inflate values, incentivizing inspectors to overlook property defects or just about any falsity within the lending process can become the basis of a federal investigation and/or prosecution. What is a financial institution for purposes of Bank Fraud? It is also important to recognize that bank fraud can be used to prosecute defrauding other financial institutions such as credit unions, federal home loan banks, Farm Credit Systems, small business investment companies, and even some foreign banks. Basically, any institution that is insured under the FDIC. The definition for “financial institution” can be found in 18 USC 20. Unfortunately, many transactions within financial institutions involve a large number of personnel. That is, loan officers, title preparers, and a host of other persons may touch a given financial transaction. All of these persons could be targets or witnesses if an investigation is launched. Obviously, some of these persons may not be part of a scheme (if one even exists). It is important for persons who are sought for questioning by federal or state law enforcement officials to take steps to evaluate whether there is criminal exposure by contacting an experienced federal criminal defense attorney. It is even more important for attorneys to be proactive when an investigation commences. This includes trying to get information regarding what exactly federal agents suspect may be occurring and reviewing any pertinent documentation. Most critical, is to consult with persons who find themselves wrapped within an investigation and determine a strategy that will either involve gathering materials to demonstrate non-participation in a scheme or, in the alternative, cooperating with investigators in an effort to avoid prosecution or mitigate criminal exposure. Unfortunately, many persons choose to instead speak with federal agents thinking they can simply explain their way out of trouble. This overlooks the reality that agents are adept at interrogating and making persons feel comfortable talking. The single most important piece of advice you can take from this article is not to talk to investigators. What is Bank Fraud? While it is illegal under federal law to knowingly participate in... > Why Us? Find out why Varghese Summersett has become the go-to law firm in Texas for criminal defense, family law, and personal injury cases. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-01-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/why-us/ Why Us Varghese Summersett Reviews Check Out Our Reviews, Experience, and Accolades We serve individuals facing the biggest challenges of their lives. Our firm believes that proactivity and preparation pay dividends in the form of our results in and outside of the courtroom. We have a reputation that has allowed us to attract and retain talented lawyers, from personal injury lawyers to family lawyers and criminal defense attorneys; whatever your greatest need, we are here for you. Read our reviews on Google. How are these reviews earned? If you take a moment to look at our 1100+ reviews, you'll see a number of things. First, they were amassed over the better part of a decade. Sometimes, you see a product on Amazon with thousands of reviews but when you look at the reviews, you see they look more like spam than actual reviews. In contrast, take a look at ours. Real people who were facing massive problems who go to the other side and had great things to say. Think also for a moment about how many great outcomes we have to have before any one person decides to leave a review. This isn't your local barber or favorite eatery. Putting your name on a lawyer's website is not as easy a thing to do. We're very thankful for all the reviews, knowing that even if it represents a fraction of the work we do, each review is meaningful and heartfelt. Who have we represented? We have represented individuals with little means and we've represented wealthy individuals. We've represented folks who wanted to scorch the earth and others who want to resolve their case discretely. We've fought giants and prevailed. We have represented doctors, pilots, nurses, teachers, and pastors. The reviews on this page are from your neighbors and people who are the very fabric of this community. We've represented people who make up the fabric of our community - from engineers to trash collectors, illegal immigrants to some of the oldest Texas families. We're particularly proud of the fact that we are the lawyers that lawyers call when they get in trouble. We've represented a criminal defense lawyer in a trial and won. We've represented elected officials. We've represented a number of prosecutors. We're equally proud of the fact that police officers who have seen us in court have later called to hire us, and that bailiffs who watch us in trial have called to refer a family member to us. We've represented probation officers. Being hired on those cases means a lot to us - because these are folks who see us and other defense attorneys on a daily basis - and to be chosen by someone who sees you day in and day out means a lot. > Our Fort Worth Prostitution Lawyer explains the difference between prostitution and solicitation of prostitution in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-prostitution-lawyer/ What is Prostitution in Texas? Prostitution in Texas is the act of offering or agreeing to receive money in exchange for sexual conduct. Under Texas Penal Code § 43. 02, you can be charged even if no sex act ever occurs. The agreement alone is enough. For a first offense, prostitution is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine. Many people assume an actual sex act must take place to face charges. That's wrong. Texas law makes the offer or agreement itself illegal. If you discussed exchanging money for sex, even over text message, you can be arrested and charged. How Do Fort Worth Prostitution Stings Work? Law enforcement agencies across North Texas run undercover sting operations with increasing frequency. These operations have moved almost entirely online. Officers post fake ads on escort websites and apps, then arrest anyone who agrees to pay for sex. In November 2025, the Tarrant County Sheriff's Office conducted a two-day sting at a Fort Worth hotel that resulted in 20 arrests. FOX 4 was granted rare behind-the-scenes access to the operation, which involved investigators from the Texas Department of Public Safety and Arlington Police Department. Here's how these stings typically unfold: Undercover officers posing as women post advertisements offering specific sex acts for specific prices. Texas law requires this specificity to meet the legal definition of solicitation. Once a potential buyer agrees to a sex act and a dollar amount via text or phone, investigators run background checks using the phone number. Officers then wait at a hotel room for the suspect to arrive. "We need them to identify what sex act they want and also have the dollar amount exchanged," explained Melinda Clark of the Tarrant County Sheriff's human trafficking unit during the November 2025 operation. Commander Kevin Turner, who leads Tarrant County's human trafficking team, said investigators often communicate with hundreds of potential buyers during a single operation, even if only a fraction actually show up. Those who do arrive are arrested immediately upon entering the room. Some attempt to flee or resist. https://youtu. be/naeI9VHfT20 Where Are Police Conducting Online Stings? Gone are the days when undercover officers worked street corners. Today, law enforcement monitors the same websites and apps where escorts advertise. Police actively post fake ads and respond to real ones on platforms including ListCrawler, Escort Directory, Adult Search, and their associated domains like Escort Alligator. Officers also conduct stings on social media and dating apps. Whisper, Snapchat, Facebook, Tinder, Bumble, Plenty of Fish, OkCupid, and Grindr have all been used in law enforcement operations. Some agencies have even created profiles on verification websites like ECCIE, P411, and The Erotic Review to appear more legitimate. ListCrawler has essentially replaced Craigslist and Backpage as the primary platform for escort advertising. It aggregates listings from various sources, including Cheepo's List and Escort Babylon. Law enforcement knows this and targets the platform heavily. The person responding to an ad or waiting in that hotel... > Doctors have become prosecution targets due to the opioid crisis. Call a Fort Worth federal defense lawyer if facing pill mill allegations. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/drugs/pill-mill/ Fort Worth Federal Pill Mill Lawyer It's no secret that there is an opioid epidemic in America. In 2017, President Trump declared the opioid crises a Public Health Emergency, and the Attorney General has been cracking down on doctors and pharmacists who are doling out a disproportionate number of opioids. The declaration that the crisis is a public health emergency frees up federal money for the Department of Justice and federal investigators to focus on “pill mill” allegations. If you under investigation for pill mill allegations, it's important to contact a knowledgeable Fort Worth defense lawyer right away. Our team of experienced attorneys will explain your rights and work to protect your freedom. What are Opioids? An opiate is a chemical derived from opium. An opioid is "opiate-like" but is man-made. Opioids include common drugs , such as oxycodone (OxyContin), hydrocodone (Vicodin), morphine, and methadone. They are commonly used for pain relief. Many opioids, such as OxyCodone, Hydrocodone, Vicodin, and Percocet, are regularly prescribed by doctors. Other painkillers, such as morphine and fentanyl, are used during surgery or to ease the suffering caused by cancer. The illegal and highly addictive street drug heroin is also an opioid. The Opioid Crisis From 1999 to 2018, more than 450,000 people died from overdoses related to prescription opioids, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Two out of three drug overdose deaths involved an opioid. Opioids are highly addictive and as a person's tolerance builds up, they need more and more of the drug to have the same effect. Many people’s introduction to opioids begins innocently enough — with a prescription from their doctor. Unfortunately, these highly-addictive and powerful painkillers can take users down a dangerous path that can lead to charges for them and the doctors prescribing the medication. What are Opioid Pill Mills? A pill mill refers to a clinic or doctor's office that prescribes medication without a medical purpose or outside the normal course of medical practice - meaning they are prescribed for profit rather than medical necessity. Many "pill mills" only accept cash payments (no insurance or credit cards. ) Some dispense medications directly from their office and may have lines of people waiting to get inside. Over the past several years, dozens of doctors across the country have been charged with running “opioid pill mills" out of their clinics. From Dallas to Detroit, doctors have been indicted on federal charges for illegally prescribing opioids, such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, and even the highly addictive fentanyl. Arrests and charges related to the illegal prescription, possession, sale or distribution of opioids are being taken very seriously. Here’s a look at the drugs, possible charges and punishments stemming from opioid-related crimes, and examples of doctors and pharmacists who have found themselves in legal trouble for opioid pill mills. If you are facing pill mill allegations in Fort Worth or North Texas, it's imperative to contact an attorney with experience handling these types of cases. Pill Mill Allegations: How are Doctors... > If you or a family member is being investigated for compelling prostitution of a minor, you need the counsel of a top Fort Worth child prostitution lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/compelling-prostitution-of-a-minor/ Compelling Prostitution Of A Minor Compelling child prostitution in Texas consists of anyone causing someone under age 18 to commit prostitution, including through force, threats, coercion, or any other means. This is also referred to as compelling prostitution of a minor, the offense is a first-degree felony. A conviction carries a minimum five-year prison sentence and up to 99 years. Compelling Prostitution of a Minor Lawyer, defending Fort Worth and surrounding areas in north Texas If you or a family member is being investigated for child prostitution in Fort Worth or Tarrant County, you need to promptly consult with a top Fort Worth child prostitution lawyer. Varghese Summersett has a team of Board Certified defense attorneys and former prosecutors who have a reputation for successfully defending serious sex cases. In this post, we’ll describe what Texas considers compelling prostitution, the punishment for a child prostitution conviction, and look at some recent cases in the news. How does Texas define compelling prostitution? Texas law defines compelling prostitution as an act of forcing or convincing a person to engage in prostitution. Texas Penal Code Section 43. 02 says the crime of prostitution occurs “if the person knowingly offers or agrees to receive a fee from another to engage in sexual conduct. ” It also includes: “A person commits an offense if the person knowingly offers or agrees to pay a fee to another person for the purpose of engaging in sexual conduct with that person or another. ” Texas Penal Code Sec. 43. 05 says a person commits the offense of compelling prostitution if the person knowingly: Causes another by force, threat, coercion, or fraud to commit prostitution; or Causes by any means a child younger than 18 years to commit prostitution, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the child at the time of the offense. ” Clearly put, a person commits the offense of compelling prostitution of a minor if they knowingly prompt a child to commit prostitution. How or why it occurred is irrelevant. The broad scope of “by any means” makes it vital to have the best Fort Worth child prostitution lawyer available. What does ‘by any means’ in Texas law mean? The phrase “by any means” is especially important in legal proceedings. It allows the state to prosecute such crimes without having to prove any threats of serious bodily injury or death or that any acts of violence occurred to compel a child into prostitution. Any means used in compelling prostitution of a minor make it a first-degree felony offense. A defendant could be accused of lying to the minor or enticing them with money or gifts. Of course, as in other sex crimes involving children, claiming you didn’t know how young the minor was at the time of the offense is not a legal defense in Texas. How does Texas define promotion of prostitution? Promotion of prostitution can be charged in Texas when someone besides a prostitute receives money or property as the proceeds... > Continuous Sexual Assault Child in Fort Worth is a felony offense carrying a punishment of 25 years to life, and no probation in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2025-01-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/sexual-assault-of-a-minor/continuous/ Continuous Sexual Assault Child | Penal Code 21. 02 A charge of continuous sexual assault of a child under 14 is the most serious offense an individual can be charged with outside of capital murder. Let that sink in for a minute. Other than capital murder - which is punishable by the death penalty - this is the most severe criminal charge in the state of Texas. That's why it is absolutely imperative to call our firm today and speak to a Fort Worth child sex crimes attorney if a detective is trying to speak with you or if an allegation has been made. What is Continuous Sexual Assault Child in Texas? In the simplest terms, Continuous Sexual Assault Child is an allegation that a person sexually assaulted a child or children under the age of 14 and at least two of the acts took place at least 30 days apart. What is the Punishment for Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child? This crime is considered to be a super aggravated offense. Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child under 14 carries a punishment range from 25 years to 99 years or life in prison without the possibility for parole. That means if a defendant is convicted of continuous sexual assault of a child under 14, the punishment starts at 25 years and goes up from there - and there is no early release from prison. Generally, for aggravated offenses, a person is eligible for parole in half time, and for non-aggravated offenses, a person is eligible for parole in quarter time. A second conviction of continuous sexual assault of a child is punished by life in prison without the possibility of parole. For more information, please reference Penal Code § 21. 02. What You're Facing with Continuous Sexual Assault and Why You Need the Best Defense https://youtu. be/6IdwK4hAQ8k? t=3 How are Allegations of Continuous Sexual Abuse Investigated? Once an outcry has been made, Child Protective Services (CPS) is likely the first agency that is going to reach out to you, although occasionally first contact is made by a detective. It is imperative that you do not speak to either of them and contact an experienced Fort Worth Continuous Sexual Abuse attorney immediately. Even if you are innocent of the charges against you, nothing good is going to come out of your conversation with CPS or law enforcement. You also need to talk to us about what your lack of cooperation will mean in regards to your own kids and your day to day life. If you are reading this article after you have already talked to an agent, contact us to discuss the road ahead, what to expect, and the possible outcomes of your case. We will also help you prepare for the arrest, arraignment, and bond process. What are the Elements of Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? Texas Penal Code 21. 02 lays out the elements for Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child. It's important to... > Learn about Prohibited Sexual Conduct in Texas: laws preventing incest and outlining legal ramifications for familial sexual relationships. - Published: 2024-02-21 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-sexual-assault-lawyer/incest/ Prohibited Sexual Conduct in Texas Incest is illegal in Texas, even among consenting adults. In fact, it's a felony called Prohibited Sexual Conduct that can land you in jail for up to 20 years. Prohibited Sexual Conduct In Texas, Prohibited Sexual Conduct refers to sexual activities considered illegal due to the nature of the relationship between the parties involved. The primary focus of these laws is to prevent sexual relationships that involve close family members, a situation commonly referred to as incest. According to the Texas Penal Code, Prohibited Sexual Conduct is defined under Section 25. 02. Texas Penal Code Section 25. 02 The law applies to individuals who are related either by blood or by adoption. Specifically, it covers ancestors, descendants (children, grandchildren), siblings (whole or half-blood), and uncles, aunts, nephews, or nieces. The law is equally applicable to relationships that result from adoption. What is Incest in Texas? Incest, also referred to as prohibited sexual conduct, is laid out in Penal Code Section 25. 02. A person commits incest if he or engages in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse with: an ancestor or descendant by blood or adoption; a current or former stepchild or stepparent; a parent's brother or sister of the whole or half blood; a brother or sister of the whole or half blood or by adoption; the children of the actor's brother or sister of the whole or half blood or by adoption the son or daughter of the actor's aunt or uncle of the whole or half blood or by adoption In other words, sex is prohibited between parents and children; stepparents and stepchildren; siblings, including half-siblings; aunt or uncle and niece or nephew; and first cousins, among others. Sexual conduct is prohibited even among consenting adults. Also, it doesn't matter if they are related by blood, either full or half, or by adoption. It's illegal all the same. Sexual Intercourse and Deviate Sexual Intercourse Texas defines "sexual intercourse" as penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ. "Deviate sexual intercourse" includes any contact between the genitals of one person with the mouth or anus of another person, provided the intent of the conduct is to arouse or provide sexual gratification. What is the punishment for Incest or Prohibited Sexual Conduct? The most serious prohibited sexual conduct is sex with a parent or child (even with an adult child). Incest is a second-degree felony, punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine can also be imposed. Punishment Range for a Second Degree Felony When the sexual conduct is not between a parent and child, but between other covered family members, the offense is a third-degree felony. Third-degree felonies are punishable by two to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Defending Against Allegations of Incest in Fort Worth If you are facing charges of incest, call a tenacious and skilled attorney immediately. Our team at Varghese Summersett can help. We will handle... > Are you or a family member facing impersonating a public servant charges? Call a top Dallas criminal defense attorney at Varghese Summersett at 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/impersonating-public-servant/ Impersonating a Public Servant | Dallas Criminal Defense Impersonating a Public Servant in Dallas and surrounding areas Impersonation might be the sincerest form of flattery, but impersonating a public servant is no joke in Texas. Pretending to be a member of law enforcement, firefighter, judge, or another type of government employee is against the law. What is Impersonating a Public Servant in Dallas? Texas Penal Code Section 37. 11 defines the crime of impersonating a public servant. Under this law, it's a crime for an individual to impersonate a public servant with the intent to induce another person to submit to the person's pretended official authority or to rely on the person's false representation. Essentially, the law requires an intention of deceit and action that indicates an individual is a public servant without being lawfully appointed or elected to the post. Identifying a Public Servant In Texas, a public servant includes a government officer, employee or agent, a juror or grand juror, an arbitrator, attorney, or notary public, a political candidate or an individual performing government-contracted duties. What is the penalty for impersonating a public servant in Dallas? It’s a third-degree felony to impersonate a public servant in Texas. If convicted, it’s punishable by two to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Third degree punishment range in Texas If you’re facing this charge, you need a top Dallas criminal defense attorney fighting for your freedom and protecting your legal rights. Our team at Varghese Summersett will work to achieve three main objectives: Keep you out of jail Avoid a felony conviction Resolve your case in a way that allows for an expunction Who does Texas consider a public servant? The Texas Penal Code describes a public servant as any person who is elected, selected, appointed, employed, or designated as any of the following (even if they have yet to qualify for office or assumed their duties): Police officers, government employees, and agents Jurors or grand jurors An arbitrator, referee, or person authorized by law or written agreement to hear or determine a cause or controversy Attorney or notary public performing a government function Candidate for public office A person performing a governmental function under a claim of right, although not legally qualified to do so. A top Dallas criminal defense attorney will investigate if and where the state's case is weak and advise on the best way to defend against an impersonating a public servant charge. Recent examples of people accused of impersonating a public servant in Texas In January 2023, a 59-year-old Dallas man was arrested for impersonating a public servant after flashing a badge and attempting to have drivers pull over. Less than a week later, a 22-year-old Dallas man was arrested for impersonating a public servant after attempting to pull drivers over using red, white, and blue lights. In February 2023, a 30-year-old Houston man was arrested for impersonating a police officer after flashing a badge and gun at a leasing office. In... > Facing fraud charges in Dallas? Our criminal defense attorneys have secured dismissals in complex fraud cases. Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with our Dallas fraud lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-01-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/fraud-defense-lawyer/ Fraud charges in Texas can result in years in prison, heavy fines, and a permanent criminal record. If you're facing fraud allegations in Dallas, the outcome depends heavily on who represents you. The Dallas fraud lawyers at Varghese Summersett defend clients against all types of fraud charges, from credit card abuse to complex federal white-collar investigations. What Is Fraud Under Texas Law? Under Texas law, fraud involves using deception to obtain money, property, or services from another person. The deception can take many forms: false statements, broken promises, or concealing information that should have been disclosed. Chapter 32 of the Texas Penal Code covers fraud offenses in detail. Fraud cases are often document-heavy and require defense attorneys who understand complex financial records. Our team has decades of experience defending clients against financial crimes throughout North Texas. We've secured dismissals and reduced charges in cases involving forgery, credit card abuse, and aggregated theft schemes. What Are the Most Common Types of Fraud in Texas? Texas law recognizes dozens of fraud offenses. Here are the most common charges our Dallas fraud lawyers handle: Offense Texas Penal Code Section Credit/debit card fraud or abuse Section 32. 31 Bank fraud General fraud provisions Wire fraud General fraud provisions Check fraud and check kiting Section 32. 41 Forgery Section 32. 21 Counterfeiting real estate deeds General fraud provisions Insurance fraud Section 35. 02 Medicaid fraud Chapter 35A Medicare fraud Chapter 35A Healthcare fraud Chapter 35A Identity fraud General fraud provisions Misappropriation General fraud provisions Tax fraud General fraud provisions Counterfeiting Section 32. 23 Criminal simulation Section 32. 22 Trademark counterfeiting Section 32. 23 Stealing or receiving stolen checks Section 32. 24 Possession of credit/debit card information General fraud provisions Fraudulent use of credit/debit card information General fraud provisions What Are the Penalties for Fraud in Texas? Texas classifies fraud offenses based on the dollar amount involved. The higher the value, the more severe the punishment. Prosecutors use Texas's value ladder to determine whether your charge is a misdemeanor or felony: Value Offense Level Punishment Range Under $100 Class C Misdemeanor Up to $500 fine $100 - $750 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in jail $750 - $2,500 Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in jail $2,500 - $30,000 State Jail Felony 180 days - 2 years in state jail $30,000 - $150,000 Third-Degree Felony 2 - 10 years in prison $150,000 - $300,000 Second-Degree Felony 2 - 20 years in prison Over $300,000 First-Degree Felony 5 - 99 years or life Beyond prison time, a fraud conviction can destroy your career, especially if you work in finance, healthcare, government, or any field requiring a professional license. If you're facing fraud charges, talk to a Dallas fraud lawyer before making any statements to investigators. What Are White-Collar Crimes? Many fraud offenses fall under the category of white-collar crime. These are financially motivated, nonviolent crimes typically committed by business professionals, executives, or government officials. The term was first used in the 1930s to describe... > If you are cited for driving with a suspended or revoked license, contact Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas driving without a license attorney. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/driving-without-license/ Driving Without a License in Texas | Dallas Criminal Defense Driving without a License in Texas In Texas, driving without a license is defined as operating a motor vehicle on a highway without a valid driver's license issued by the Texas Department of Public Safety. This includes situations where an individual has never been issued a license, as well as cases where a license is expired. Dallas Driving Without a License Attorney, serving Dallas County and surrounding areas If you’re pulled over by police and cannot produce your valid driver’s license because you don’t have it with you, you’re most likely getting a ticket. What is the penalty for driving without a license in Texas? You could face serious penalties if you are pulled over without your driver’s license in Dallas. Depending on the circumstances, an officer could issue you a citation, have your car impounded, or, in rare cases, arrest you. First offense: $200 fine Second offense (within a year): It’s a misdemeanor charge and a $200 fine Third offense (within a year): A potential jail sentence from three days to up to six months and a $200 fine. If you or a family member is facing a repeated driver's license offense, it's imperative you contact a Dallas driving without a license attorney. What are the penalties for driving with a revoked or suspended license in Texas? Driving While License Suspended (DWLS): This refers to the act of driving when your driver's license has been temporarily withdrawn by legal authority. This usually happens because the driver has committed certain offenses that led to the suspension, such as accumulating too many points for traffic violations, DUI/DWI offenses, or failing to pay child support. Driving While License Invalid (DWLI): This is a broader term that includes driving while your license is suspended, but it also covers situations where your license has been revoked, canceled, or disqualified. For example, if your license was canceled because it was obtained fraudulently, or if it was revoked due to serious offenses like vehicular homicide, and you continue to drive, you would be committing DWLI. Driving with a revoked or suspended license in Texas is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a $500 fine plus an additional fine of $250 a year for three years. If convicted, your driver’s license will be suspended for an extended period on top of the existing suspension. A second suspended or revoked license offense is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. What if I’m involved in a car wreck with a revoked or suspended license in Texas? If you cause a car accident that results in a serious bodily injury to someone else, you wiull be charged with a Class A misdemeanor. Class A misdemeanors are punishable by up to a year in jail and $4,000 fine. Of course, your driver’s license will be suspended for an additional period of time. Other consequences to consider: If you... > Accused of a gang crime in Dallas? Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas gang lawyer. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/gang-organized-crime/ Dallas Gang Lawyer And Organized Crime Defense Dallas Gang Lawyer, Serving Dallas, and North Texas Gang-related crimes are commonly prosecuted in North Texas as “engaging in organized crime. ” Criminal street gangs are often portrayed on television and film as an overwhelming societal scourge. Sometimes those fears are exaggerated. But in the city of Dallas, officials say gangs have become a pervasive problem, with prosecutors claiming there are more than 9,000 documented gang members and more than 100 documented criminal street gangs in Dallas. This has led to more aggressive investigations and prosecutions of all gang-related crimes in Dallas County. Dallas prosecutors take gang crimes extremely seriously and will work to seek a conviction and the maximum punishment. Engaging in Organized Crime Defense If you or a family member has been accused of gang crime, it’s imperative to contact an experienced Dallas gang lawyer as soon as possible. We have successfully defended dozens of gang cases in North Texas, and we will fight to obtain the most favorable outcome possible. In this blog post, we will explain Texas’ gang laws, including possible penalties and defense strategies. What is Considered a Gang in Texas? When people think of a gang, they often think of a group of young people who dress in the same colors, hang out in a specific territory, and engage in criminal behavior. Texas law – specifically Texas Penal Code 71. 01 – defines a criminal street gang as three or more people who have: a common identifying sign or symbol or; an identifiable leadership who continuously or regularly associate to commit crimes Is it Legal to be in a Gang in Texas? It is not against the law to be in a gang, but the Texas legislature has implemented laws aimed at deterring gang membership activities by enhancing the penalties for a criminal offense that is “gang-related. ” What Texas Laws are Used to Prosecute Gang Members? In Texas, there are five laws that law enforcement use to arrest and prosecute alleged gang members, which can be found in Chapter 71 of the Texas Penal Code. Below we break down each offense and give their punishment ranges. Section 71. 02 “Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity (EOCA)” In Texas, a person commits the offense of Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity (EOCA) if a member of a street gang conspires to commit crimes. Under Texas law, a person commits EOCA if they acted with intent to establish, maintain or participate in a street gang or the profits of a street gang and committed a crime specified in Texas Penal Code 71. 02. Common gang-related offenses include: Murder Assault Robbery Burglary Vandalism and Graffiti Weapons charges Kidnapping Drug crimes Theft What is the effect of filing a case with an Engaging in Organized Crime enhancement? The punishment for Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity is one degree higher than the underlying crime. For instance, if the underlying offense is a third-degree assault, the penalty for EOCA would be a second-degree felony.... > Have you been accused of violating terms of your federal supervised release? Call our top North Texas federal supervised release revocation lawyer at 214-900-3220. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-supervised-release-revocation/ Federal Supervised Release Revocations: A Defense Lawyer's Guide If you've been notified that you're facing revocation of federal supervised release, the stakes are immediate and serious. A federal judge can send you back to prison for months or years on a finding the government only has to prove by a preponderance of the evidence — far less than the "beyond a reasonable doubt" standard that applied at your original trial. There's no jury. The rules of evidence don't fully apply. Hearsay comes in. And the same judge who sentenced you originally usually decides what happens next. This guide explains how federal supervised release revocations actually work — the grades of violations, the Chapter 7 revocation table, statutory caps under 18 U. S. C. § 3583(e)(3), the hearing process, mandatory revocation triggers, and the defenses that move the needle. It's written by the federal criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett, who handle revocation hearings in the Northern District of Texas and across federal districts in Texas. What Is Federal Supervised Release? Federal supervised release is the period of court-ordered monitoring that follows a federal prison sentence. It is governed by 18 U. S. C. § 3583 and was created by the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 to replace federal parole for offenses committed after November 1, 1987. Unlike parole, supervised release is not early release from prison. It's an additional component of the sentence served after the prison term ends. The sentencing judge — not a parole board — sets the conditions and keeps jurisdiction over the case for the entire term. How long does federal supervised release last? The maximum term depends on the class of the original offense: Class of Felony Maximum Supervised Release Term Class A or Class B felony Up to 5 years Class C or Class D felony Up to 3 years Class E felony or misdemeanor Up to 1 year Certain sex offenses (18 U. S. C. § 3583(k)) 5 years to life Certain drug offenses Statutory minimums apply (often 3, 5, or 10 years) Some statutes — especially those covering child exploitation, sex trafficking, and certain controlled substance offenses — override the general rule and impose their own minimum or lifetime terms. Supervised Release vs. Parole vs. Probation These three terms get conflated constantly. They are not the same thing. Supervised Release Federal Probation Parole When it happens After prison Instead of prison Early release from prison Who controls it Federal sentencing judge Federal sentencing judge Parole board / commission Available in federal system? Yes Yes Abolished for offenses after Nov. 1, 1987 Violation sent to Sentencing judge Sentencing judge Parole board If someone tells you they're on "federal parole," they almost certainly mean federal supervised release. True federal parole only still exists for a small number of pre-1987 cases and certain D. C. Code offenders. Conditions of Federal Supervised Release Every supervised release sentence includes mandatory conditions imposed by statute and standard conditions imposed by the court and U. S. Probation Office. Mandatory... > Forgery in Texas - the law changed in 2023. Learn more about forgery charges and defenses. Dallas Forgery Defense. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/forgery/ Forgery in Texas | Dallas Forgery Defense Forgery in Texas Forgery is a criminal act that carries severe penalties in Texas. It's a crime that involves deception, and it's taken very seriously by the legal system. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of forgery in Texas, its implications, and how the law firm of Varghese Summersett can help if you find yourself facing such charges. Definition of Forgery in Texas In Texas, forgery is defined as the act of altering, making, completing, executing, or authenticating any writing in such a way that it purports to be the act of another who did not authorize that act. The term "writing" in this context is broad and includes not only documents but also coins, badges, credit cards, seals, and other items. In other words, a forgery offense in Texas involves altering information to intentionally defraud or harm another, including fraudulently making, completing, altering, or authenticating any writing. Forgery Laws in Texas Forgery is defined under Texas Penal Code 32. 21 and covers various fraud offenses. According to the law, forgery under this section means to alter, make, complete, execute, or authenticate any writing so that it purports to be: The act of someone who did not authorize the act Executed at a time, place, or in a numbered sequence other than what was, in fact, the case; or A copy of an original when none existed Important Note: Law Change in Texas As of September 1, 2023, the law in Texas for forgery prosecutions will be based on the amount of forged writings in the possession of the accused, not the amount that the accused tried to use. This is a presumption that a defendant may overcome, but one that starts off against the defendant. Examples of Forgery in Texas Examples of forgery include: Signing someone else's name on a check. Altering a will without authorization. Fabricating a vaccination card. What is the punishment for forgery in Dallas? Forgery offenses can either be a misdemeanor or felony charge, depending on the circumstances of the case, including the type of document involved and the value of the service or property involved. The penalties for forgery in Texas vary based on the severity of the crime. They can range from a class C misdemeanor to a first-degree felony. The specific penalty is often determined by the nature of the forged item and the intent behind the forgery. Most forgery cases carry felony penalties in Texas, such as forgery of financial and government, and legal documents. If you're charged in North Texas, you can contact our Dallas forgery attorney at Varghese Summersett to review your legal options. Forgery classifications and possible penalties for conviction: Class C misdemeanor It's a Class C misdemeanor if the forged writing is worth property or services less than $100. Class C misdemeanor convictions are fine-only offenses with a maximum fine of $500. Class B misdemeanor It's a Class B misdemeanor if the forged writing is worth property or... > Missing a court date is likely going to compound your legal problems. If this is you, promptly contact a Dallas failure to appear lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/failure-to-appear/ Failure to Appear in Texas | Dallas Criminal Defense Defining Failure to Appear in Texas In Texas, failure to appear is a charge that can be levied against an individual who does not show up for a scheduled court date. This is a serious offense, as it is a direct violation of a court order. The charge is outlined under Section 38. 10 of the Texas Penal Code. Consequences of Failure to Appear The penalty for failure to appear in Texas is typically a Class C misdemeanor, which can result in a fine of up to $500 – if the offense was a Class C misdemeanor to begin with. However, if you intentionally or knowingly miss court for a more serious misdemeanor offense, you could also be charged with bail jumping. This is a Class A misdemeanor. It can be punished by up to a year in jail and up to a $4,000 fine. Finally, failure to appear and bail jumping can be filed as a third degree felony if the underlying offense was a felony. What if I miss my Dallas County court date? Texas judges don’t take kindly to missed court dates, and the punishment usually reflects as such. Excuses such as oversleeping, work, or just plain forgetting will not cut it with a judge. If accused of missing a court date, contacting an experienced Dallas failure-to-appear lawyer is imperative. Our team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys and former prosecutors with more than four decades of combined success fighting for our clients. What is Failure to Appear in Dallas Court? Texas Penal Code 38. 10 defines failure to appear as someone “lawfully released from custody, with or without bail, on condition that he subsequently appear commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly fails to appear in accordance of his release. ” What happens if you fail to appear in Dallas Court? A slew of actions by the judge can occur if you miss your court date. An arrest warrant can be issued, and your bond could be forfeited. That means you’ll lose any money or collateral used for your release from jail on the initial offense. Additionally, you may face a separate criminal charge for failure to appear or bail jumping. Penalties for missing a court date typically correlate with the level of the original offense. For example, if you fail to appear for a misdemeanor, the penalty will be less severe than missing a felony offense court date. The charges and penalties for missing a court date include the following: Class C misdemeanor: Up to a $500 fine if the original charge was a Class C misdemeanor. Class A misdemeanor: Up to a year in jail and a $4,000 fine if the original charge was a Class A or B misdemeanor. Third-degree felony: Up to 10 years in prison and a $10,000 fine if the original charge was a felony. How does Dallas County respond to a failure to appear in court?... > Are you facing charges or resisting arrest in Fort Worth? Contact an experienced attorney to aggressively defend you and protect your rights. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/resisting-arrest/ Resisting Arrest in Fort Worth Resisting arrest occurs when a person intentionally prevents or obstructs a peace officer from arresting, searching, or transporting them by using force against the peace officer or another. Resisting arrest is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas, punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. The use of force distinguishes Resisting Arrest from the offense of Evading Arrest. What constitutes using force against an officer? Merely refusing to cooperate with an arrest does not rise to the level of resisting arrest. Similarly, in order to prove that a person is guilty of resisting arrest, the prosecution must be able to show that the accused was about to be arrested, searched, or transported. In other words, using force to resist what would be considered detention does not rise to the level of a resisting arrest charge. Some courts have drawn a distinction between the use of force directed against an officer from the use of force directed away from an officer. Here’s some examples of actions that courts found were sufficient (or insufficient) to support a conviction for resisting arrest. In Humphreys v. State, 565 S. W. 2d 59, 60 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978), the court found that striking an officer’s arms away, pushing at an officer, and struggling with officer was sufficient. In Sartain v. State, 228 S. W. 3d 416, 425 (Tex. App. -Fort Worth 2007, pet. ref’d), the court found that flailing arms, striking an officer, pushing against officer and struggling causing a fall was sufficient; In Torres v. State, 103 S. W. 3d 623, 627 (Tex. App. -San Antonio 2003, no pet. ), the court found that raising up an arm and knocking an officer’s hand away was sufficient; In Bryant v. State, 923 S. W. 2d 199, 208 (Tex. App. -Waco 1996, pet. ref’d), the court found that stiffening up and jerking back with a violent backward was sufficient; In Mayfield v. State, 758 S. W. 2d 371, 374 (Tex. App. -Amarillo 1988, no pet. ) the court found that attempts by the subject to “shoulder” or “elbow” an officer out of car, jerking against the officer’s grasp, and engaging in a “pretty violent” struggle was sufficient. In Raymond v. State, 640 S. W. 2d 678 (Tex. App. -El Paso 1982, pet. ref’d), the court found that simple pulling away was insufficient. Some cases explicitly hold that only a force directed toward an officer can support a conviction. See Leos, 880 S. W. 2d 180. But most cases involve actions that are clearly more than a simple pulling away from the officer’s restraint. For example, in Haliburton v. State, 80 S. W. 3d 309, 312–13 (Tex. App. -Fort Worth 2002, no pet. ), the court found that kicking at officer but missing was sufficient; In Luxton v. State, 941 S. W. 2d 339, 340–41 (Tex. App. -Fort Worth 1997, no pet. ), the court found that pulling away, plus struggling or fighting with officers... > Get the compensation you deserve with a Fort Worth Whiplash Injury Lawyer from Varghese Summersett. Call us today to set up a complimentary consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/whiplash-injuries/ Fort Worth Whiplash Injury Lawyer Whiplash injuries are a common type of injury sustained in car accidents, particularly rear-end collisions. Whiplash occurs when the head and neck are suddenly and forcefully jerked back and forth, causing a rapid extension and flexion of the neck. This rapid movement can result in damage to the muscles, ligaments, tendons, and other soft tissues in the neck and upper back. Fort Worth Whiplash Injury Lawyer: Serving Tarrant, Dallas, and Surrounding Counties Whiplash injuries are more common than you think and can cause severe discomfort and long-term complications. Consulting with our Fort Worth personal injury lawyer is essential if you or a loved one has suffered from whiplash due to an accident. In this post, we’ll explore the symptoms, treatment options, and long-term effects of whiplash injuries and explain how our lawyers can help you secure your deserved compensation. Understanding Whiplash Injuries Whiplash injuries are commonly associated with car accidents, especially rear-end collisions. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, rear-end collisions account for almost 30% of all traffic accidents in the United States, making whiplash a common injury. What are Common Whiplash Injury Symptoms? Whiplash injuries can present a range of signs and symptoms that vary depending on the severity of the injury. In some cases, whiplash injuries can lead to long-term complications, such as chronic pain, intensified preexisting conditions, limited mobility, and even emotional distress. Here are some common signs and symptoms of a whiplash injury: Neck pain and stiffness: This is the most common symptom of whiplash. The pain is usually localized to the neck area but can also radiate to the shoulders, upper back, or arms. The stiffness may limit the range of motion in the neck, making it difficult to move the head from side to side or up and down. Reduced range of motion in the neck: Whiplash injuries can result in limited mobility in the neck, making it difficult to turn the head from side to side or tilt the head forward and backward. Headaches: Headaches often originate at the base of the skull and can radiate to other areas of the head. They may be constant or intermittent and can vary in intensity. Dizziness: Some individuals may experience dizziness or a spinning sensation (vertigo) following a whiplash injury. This symptom is generally due to disruptions in the vestibular system, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. Fatigue: People who suffer from whiplash injuries may experience increased fatigue, making it difficult to perform daily tasks. Blurred vision: Blurred vision may occur due to a whiplash injury, possibly due to inflammation, muscle strain, or disruptions in the nervous system. Tinnitus (ringing in the ears): Some individuals may experience a persistent ringing, buzzing, or hissing sound following a whiplash injury, which can be caused by damage to the nerves or inner ear structures. Shoulder and upper back pain: The pain may extend to the shoulders, upper back, or arms due to the strain on the muscles and... > Get the compensation you deserve for your neck injury. Call the experienced neck injury lawyer at Varghese Summersett today: (817) 207-4878 for a free consult. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/neck-injuries/ Neck Injury Lawyer in Texas There are few injuries more concerning than a neck injury. Beyond the pain, there’s concern about your motor skills, and how long the effects of the injury will last. We understand. At Varghese Summersett, our neck injury lawyers are dedicated to helping individuals who have suffered neck injuries get the compensation they deserve. We understand the physical and emotional toll neck injuries can take on a person, and we are here to help you every step of the way. Types of Neck Injuries Possible neck injuries due to an accident can vary from muscle, ligament and nerve damage (whiplash) all the way to paralysis or sensory loss. A herniated disc occurs when a portion of the spinal discs bulges out as well as fractured vertebrae which is caused by one or more broken bones in the cervical region. Pinched nerves occur when pressure is placed on a nerve causing irritation and pain throughout associated areas. Knowing these common types of neck injury may help prevent further damages should any form arise after an incident takes place. There are a number of types of neck injuries that can occur as a result of an accident. Some of the most common include: Whiplash: Whiplash is one of the most common neck injuries and occurs when the head is abruptly jolted forward and then backward. This can cause damage to the neck muscles, ligaments, and nerves. Spinal Cord Injury: This type of injury occurs when there is damage to the spinal cord, which can result in paralysis or loss of sensation. Herniated Disc: A herniated disc occurs when a portion of the spinal disc bulges out of place and puts pressure on the spinal nerve roots. Fractured Vertebra: This type of injury occurs when one or more vertebrae in the neck are broken. Pinched Nerve: This type of injury occurs when a nerve in the neck is compressed, leading to pain and numbness. Causes of Neck Injuries Neck injuries are a common occurrence and can be caused by various scenarios. From car accidents to simple slips, the neck is vulnerable to harm in everyday situations. Neck injuries can stem from: Car accidents: Car accidents are one of the leading causes of neck injuries. When a person is involved in a car accident, their head can be violently jerked forward or backward, which can result in serious injury. Slip and fall accidents: Slip and fall accidents can also cause neck injuries. When a person slips or falls, they may hit their head or neck, which can result in injury. Sports injuries: Many sports, such as football, basketball, and wrestling, can result in neck injuries. These injuries are often caused by violent impacts, such as tackles or collisions. Repetitive motions: Repetitive motions, such as typing or using a mouse, can also lead to neck injuries. Over time, these motions can cause strain and discomfort in the neck. Effects of Neck Injuries Neck injuries can have a wide range of effects,... > Injured in a parking lot accident in Fort Worth, Dallas, or surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth parking lot accident lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/parking-lot-accidents/ Fort Worth Parking Lot Accident Lawyer Parking lots can be chaotic and busy places, with drivers and pedestrians moving in multiple directions at the same time. Unfortunately, all this hustle and bustle can lead to accidents and serious, sometimes catastrophic, injuries – especially when drivers and pedestrians are distracted or not paying attention. According to the National Safety Council, tens of thousands of crashes occur in parking lots and garages every year, resulting in hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries. During the holidays, parking lots are even more dangerous. If you have been injured in a parking lot accident in Fort Worth, Dallas, or the surrounding area, and it’s affecting your livelihood and quality of life, it’s important to contact a Fort Worth parking lot accident lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain parking lot accidents, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Our attorneys offer no-cost, no-obligation consultations – and if we take your case, we only get paid if and when we recover compensation for you. Common Causes of Parking Lot Accidents and Injuries Parking lot accidents can stem from a wide variety of scenarios, including auto-pedestrian collisions, hit-and-run drivers, and premises liability claims. Here are some common causes of parking lot accidents: Distracted driving Distracted driving is a leading cause of parking lot accidents, with drivers striking other vehicles or pedestrians because they were checking their phones or engaging in other distractions behind the wheel. Pedestrian distractions Pedestrian distractions, such as looking at their phone, not looking both ways, or paying attention to their surroundings, can also lead to accidents. According to the National Safety Council, 9 percent of pedestrian deaths in parking lots are a result of backup incidents. In other words, drivers hitting a pedestrian while backing up. Speeding and reckless driving Speeding and reckless driving are also common causes of parking lot accidents, with drivers going well above a safe speed, ignoring stop signs or yield signs, failing to yield to pedestrians, driving in the wrong direction, cutting across parking lanes, and engaging in distracted driving behaviors like using a cellphone or eating while driving. Reckless driving in a parking lot can put pedestrians and other drivers at risk of injury and can result in serious accidents. Poorly maintained parking lots Potholes, cracks, and other hazards can cause drivers to lose control of their vehicles, leading to collisions with other cars or pedestrians. Faded or missing pavement markings, as well as inadequate signage, can also increase the risk of accidents and injuries. Finally, parking lots that are not properly maintained can become slick and hazardous in wet or icy weather, making it difficult for drivers and pedestrians to maintain their footing and navigate safely. Inadequate lighting and signage Inadequate lighting and signage can make it difficult for drivers... > A theft conviction can have a long-lasting impact on your future. Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas theft lawyer. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-06-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/theft/ How Can a Dallas Theft Lawyer Help You Avoid a Conviction? A Dallas theft lawyer can help you avoid a conviction by challenging evidence, negotiating with prosecutors for dismissals or reductions, and identifying diversion programs that keep theft off your record. Theft charges in Texas carry lasting consequences because they're classified as "crimes of moral turpitude," meaning a conviction signals dishonesty and can permanently damage your job prospects, housing applications, and professional licenses. The Dallas theft lawyers at Varghese Summersett have successfully defended thousands of theft cases across Dallas County, from minor shoplifting allegations to complex white-collar crimes. Our team includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys with decades of combined experience in Dallas courts. We know how prosecutors build theft cases and how to challenge them effectively. Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. What Is Theft Under Texas Law? Theft occurs when someone unlawfully takes property with the intent to permanently deprive the owner of it. Texas Penal Code § 31. 03 defines theft as "unlawfully appropriating property with intent to deprive the owner of the property. " In plain terms, theft means taking something that belongs to someone else without permission or legal justification, with no intention of returning it. Texas law also treats receiving, possessing, or concealing stolen property the same as theft if you knew or should have known the property was stolen. Benson Varghese, a Board Certified criminal law specialist, explains why avoiding a theft conviction matters so much in this short video: What Are the Penalties for Theft in Dallas? Texas uses a "theft value ladder" to determine charges and penalties. The value of the stolen property directly determines whether you face a misdemeanor or felony. Here are the current penalty ranges under Texas Penal Code § 31. 03: Value of Property Offense Level Potential Punishment Under $100 Class C Misdemeanor Up to $500 fine, no jail $100 to $750 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in jail, $2,000 fine $750 to $2,500 Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in jail, $4,000 fine $2,500 to $30,000 State Jail Felony 180 days to 2 years in state jail, $10,000 fine $30,000 to $150,000 Third Degree Felony 2 to 10 years in prison, $10,000 fine $150,000 to $300,000 Second Degree Felony 2 to 20 years in prison, $10,000 fine Over $300,000 First Degree Felony 5 to 99 years in prison, $10,000 fine Your charges can increase one level if you have a prior theft conviction. Two or more prior convictions can elevate charges by two levels. The law also imposes enhanced penalties when the victim is elderly, a nonprofit organization, a public servant, or a government contractor. What Are Typical Bond Amounts for Theft in Dallas County? Bond amounts for theft charges in Dallas County vary significantly based on the value of the property and your criminal history. Based on 2025 Dallas County bond data, here are the typical bond amounts you can expect: For Class B misdemeanor theft ($100 to $750), the most common... > Suffering from an eye injury or vision loss due to someone's negligence in North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consult with a Fort Worth eye injury lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/eye-injuries/ Fort Worth Eye Injury Lawyer | Vision Loss Claims People with healthy eyes and good vision often take their ability to see for granted. They never give a second thought to driving to work, watching their kids play sports, or viewing a movie or television show. And then, the unthinkable happens and devastating eye injury occurs. Suddenly, their whole world goes dark. Simple tasks become monumental changes and the importance of vision becomes painfully clear. The effects are not just physical but emotional too, impacting their personal and professional life. The journey to recovery is often long and arduous. If you or a loved one has suffered a serious eye injury in Fort Worth or North Texas due to an accident that was caused by someone’s negligence, you may be entitled to substantial monetary compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Your next call needs to be to an experienced Fort Worth eye injury lawyer who has handled serious eye injury claims. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain eye injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our Fort Worth law firm can help. We understand that vision loss is life-altering which is why we will never add to you physical, emotional or financial burden. We offer no-cost, no-obligation consultations – and if we take your case, we only get paid if we win it. That means you will never pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket. Eye Injuries are Common Serious eye injuries are common, especially in the workplace. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 20,000 eye injuries occur each year in the workplace, including on construction sites and in factories. In fact, the O ccupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reports that workplace eye injuries cost an estimated $300 million a year in lost productivity, medical treatment, and worker’s compensation. In Texas, employees are generally unable to file a lawsuit against their employer for workplace injuries if they are covered by worker’s compensation. However, a number of potential third-party claims can arise out of eye injury accidents due to negligence, which our Fort Worth eye injury lawyer explains further below. We will leave no stone unturned in holding each and every party responsible for your injury. Types of Eye Injuries An eye injury refers to any damage to the eyes that can affect vision or the structure of the eye. This can range from minor irritations to severe trauma that can lead to permanent damage, vision loss, and blindness. The severity and type of eye injury can greatly vary but here is an overview of common types of eye injuries: Corneal Abrasions (Scratched Eye) Corneal abrasions are scratches on the eye’s surface, often caused by foreign objects like dust or sand. They can cause discomfort, redness, and sensitivity to light. Even though they may seem minor, the injury must be treated to ensure the eye doesn’t become infected. Foreign Bodies in the Eye Metal shards,... > Arrested for a misdemeanor offense in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 to speak with a Dallas misdemeanor lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/misdemeanors/ Dallas Misdemeanor Lawyer | Best Misdemeanor Defense What is a misdemeanor in Texas? There are two classifications of crimes in Texas - misdemeanors and felonies. Misdemeanors are lesser offenses, but the penalties and punishment can be severe and devastate your life. All Texas misdemeanors are punishable with a fine, and Class A and B offenses can include jail time. For example, a conviction for a Class A misdemeanor, the most serious level of misdemeanor in Texas, could come with a year in county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. The most common misdemeanors in Texas include theft, DWI, and simple assault. No matter the offense, you need an experienced Dallas misdemeanor lawyer as soon as possible if charged in Dallas County. Varghese Summersett has an experienced team of defense attorneys in Dallas, ready to fight your case, work for the best possible outcome, and help you through the legal process. What are the penalties for misdemeanor convictions in Dallas County? The Texas Penal Code lays out three levels of misdemeanor offenses: Class A, Class B, and Class C. The maximum penalties for each: Class A misdemeanors: Up to one year in county jail and a $4,000 fine Class A Misdemeanors in Texas Class B misdemeanors: Up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine Class B Misdemeanors in Texas Class C misdemeanors: Up to a $500 fine In many misdemeanor cases, the punishment often includes probation, deferred adjudication, or special programs overseen by the court. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ELf7UFo9_YA&t=3s What are common Class A misdemeanor charges in Dallas County? Class A misdemeanors are punishable by up to a year in county jail and a $4,000 fine. Common Class A misdemeanors include: DWI (2nd offense) DWI (Blood-alcohol concentration greater than . 15) Burglary of a vehicle Theft of property valued at $750 but less than $2,500 Assault causing bodily injury Assault causing bodily injury to a family member (family violence) Unlawfully carrying a weapon Possession of marijuana (more than two ounces but less than four ounces) Resisting arrest Domestic violence Unlawful restraint Violation of a protective order What are common Class B misdemeanors in Dallas County? Class B misdemeanors are punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine. Common Class B misdemeanors include: DWI (first offense) Terroristic threat Indecent exposure Public lewdness Prostitution Possession of marijuana (under two ounces) Evading arrest on foot Harassment Criminal trespass Reckless driving What are common Class C misdemeanors in Dallas County? Class C misdemeanors are citations only and are punishable by up to a $500. Some common Class C misdemeanors include: Public intoxication DUI by a minor Minor in possession of alcohol (under age 21) Minor in consumption of alcohol (under age 21) Assault by contact (simple assault) Disorderly conduct Possession of drug paraphernalia Possession of alcohol in a motor vehicle (open container) Theft of less than $100 What is the statute of limitations for misdemeanors in Dallas? The state can file misdemeanor charges for up two years from the... > Injured due to a defective product in Fort Worth or North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth product liability lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/product-liability/ Fort Worth Product Liability Lawyer | Defective Product Injury Each year, thousands of Texans are injured or killed due to defective products. That’s because there are poorly designed and assembled products all over the marketplace, along with unscrupulous sellers. Corners that are cut in the production and supply chain may increase the bottom line but often comes at the cost of consumer safety. You have the right to expect that any product you buy – no matter the cost – will do what it is meant to do, and not put your health or the safety of your family at risk. If you have been injured or a loved one killed due to a defective product in Fort Worth, Dallas, or the surrounding area, you may be entitled to substantial compensation for your losses. Fort Worth Product Liability Lawyer Serving All of Texas That’s where a Fort Worth product liability lawyer comes in. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, our team holds individuals and companies responsible for dangerous or defective products that cause injury or death. It doesn’t matter if it’s a faulty car seat or a flammable blanket – product safety is paramount. In this article, our attorneys explain product liability in Texas, the types of product defects, the causes of product liability injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Don’t think you can afford a Fort Worth product liability attorney? We work on contingency, which means you don’t pay us anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We get only get paid after you get paid – when we recover compensation for you. What is Product Liability in Texas? Product liability refers to the legal responsibility that manufacturers, distributors, and sellers have to customers who are injured, killed, or sustain property damage due to a defective product. It’s a complex area of law, but the basic premise is that any product sold in Texas must be free from defects and safe to use as intended or the manufacturers, sellers – or anyone in the chain – may be liable for injuries or losses. If you or a loved one purchased a product and used it as intended, only to be injured or killed due to a product defect, you may have a product liability claim. It’s important to speak to a Fort Worth product liability lawyer as soon as possible to discuss your legal options. What Types of Product Defects are Recognized Under Texas Law? In Texas, there are three main types of product defects recognized in product liability cases: Design defects Design defects occur when there’s an issue with the original design of the product itself, which makes it inherently and unreasonably dangerous. To prove a design defect in a Texas liability claim, the plaintiff must show that a safer, alternative design could have been used, and that the defect lead to personal injury, property damage, or death. Examples of design defects can include: A baby crib is designed with slats that are too... > Our Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Attorney explains what makes rideshare accidents different and what you need to do if you are injured in a rideshare like Uber or Lyft. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-11-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rideshare-accidents/ Advice from a Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Attorney Ridesharing services like Uber and Lyft have become a common mode of transportation in Fort Worth, but with their increasing popularity comes an increase in rideshare accidents. According to the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, there has been approximately a 3 percent increase in the number of motor vehicle accidents and fatalities related to ride-sharing. Our Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Lawyer explains what you need to know to ensure you receive the compensation you deserve. The Benefits of Hiring a Fort Worth Rideshare Accident Attorney Navigating the legal system after a rideshare accident can be complicated and time-consuming. Our Fort Worth rideshare accident attorney can help you understand your rights and responsibilities as a rideshare passenger, and guide you through the legal process step-by-step. With their knowledge and expertise, they can help ensure that you receive the maximum amount of compensation possible for your injuries and damages. What is different about Rideshare accidents? You are relying on the Rideshare company to have vetted the driver. Yet how many times have you been in a rideshare and worried about your safety? Many of us have felt that. Rideshare accidents are also different because the drivers are often juggling different things -app alerts, their next fare, checking directions, etc. Finally, the insurance coverage for rideshare vehicles is different than that of standard vehicles. Depending on how the claim is made you might also run into issues with the drivers being considered independent contractors instead of employees. Coverage may depend on whether the app was on or off at the time of the loss. Uber generally insures drivers for $1 million of liability coverage per incident when the app is on. Lyft has coverage of “at least $1,000,000 of coverage per accident” but only in excess of the driver’s own insurance. Why do Rideshare Accidents Occur? Distracted driving: Distracted driving, such as texting, using a GPS, or eating while driving, can lead to serious accidents. Fatigue: Long hours on the road, combined with the pressure to meet high demand from riders, can lead to drivers becoming fatigued, increasing the risk of accidents. Reckless driving: Some rideshare drivers may engage in reckless driving behaviors, such as excessive speed, sudden braking, or aggressive lane changes, which can increase the risk of accidents. Improper vehicle maintenance: Rideshare drivers are responsible for maintaining their vehicles and ensuring that they are in safe working condition. If a rideshare driver fails to properly maintain their vehicle, it could result in an accident. Inexperience: Rideshare drivers may be inexperienced in navigating city roads and highways, which could result in accidents. Weather conditions: Inclement weather conditions, such as rain, snow, or fog, can make it difficult for drivers to see and navigate the road, increasing the risk of accidents. Road conditions: Poor road conditions, such as potholes, construction, or road closures, can increase the risk of accidents. What to Do After a Rideshare Accident in Fort Worth If you’ve been involved... > Our Fort Worth uninsured motorist claims lawyer will help navigate insurance laws to recover compensation after a wreck with an uninsured driver. Call today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-08-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/uninsured-motorist-claims/ Fort Worth Uninsured Motorist Claims Lawyer Uninsured Motorist Claims Lawyer Serving Texas Imagine the frustration of being involved in a car accident only to discover that the at-fault driver is uninsured. The unfortunate truth is that this happens more often than you might think. In this article, we’ll explore the complexities of dealing with uninsured motorist claims in Fort Worth and why hiring a skilled Fort Worth uninsured motorist claims lawyer is crucial to protecting your rights and recovering the compensation you deserve. As of August 2022, the Texas Department of Insurance tracked 21. 6 million vehicles registered in Texas with 2. 6 million vehicles without matching vehicle insurance. That means about 12% of vehicles in Texas are uninsured. If you have been injured in a car accident and the driver is uninsured, contact our Fort Worth uninsured motorist claims lawyer at Varghese Summersett as soon as possible. We will guide you through the process at no cost. Understanding Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist Coverage Uninsured Motorist Coverage: Uninsured motorist (UM) coverage is designed to protect you in the event that you’re involved in an accident with a driver who lacks insurance. This type of coverage is crucial for ensuring that you receive compensation for damages and injuries sustained in the accident, even when the at-fault driver is uninsured. Underinsured Motorist Coverage: Underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage is similar to UM coverage but kicks in when the at-fault driver’s insurance policy limits are insufficient to cover the full extent of your damages. UIM coverage helps bridge the gap between the at-fault driver’s policy limits and your actual expenses. Personal Injury Protection: Personal injury protection (PIP) is another type of coverage that can assist you in receiving compensation for medical expenses and lost wages, regardless of who is at fault for the accident. PIP is mandatory in Texas, but you can reject it in writing if you wish to opt out. Collision Coverage: Collision coverage can also be helpful in recovering damages when involved in an accident with an uninsured driver. This coverage applies to repairing or replacing your vehicle, regardless of fault. However, you’ll need to pay a deductible before your insurance company covers the remaining costs. What are the minimum policy limits in Texas? Minimum Insurance Requirements: Texas law requires drivers to carry a minimum level of liability insurance to cover potential damages and injuries caused in an accident. The minimum limits are: $30,000 for bodily injury per person $60,000 for bodily injury per accident $25,000 for property damage per accident However, not all drivers comply with these requirements, leaving innocent victims to face the consequences. Uninsured Claims in Tarrant County It’s essential to have a knowledgeable Fort Worth uninsured motorist claims lawyer at Varghese Summersett to navigate the complexities of uninsured claims in Tarrant County. We can help you understand your rights and guide you through the process of seeking compensation. Car Accident Claim Process Steps to Take When an Uninsured Driver is at Fault Call the police and file... > Facing terroristic threat charges in Texas? Call today for a free consultation with one of our experienced lawyers - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/terroristic-threat/ Terroristic Threat Charges in Texas What is a Terroristic Threat? Texas Penal Code Section 22. 07 defines the offense of terroristic threat as a threat to commit any offense involving violence to any person or property with specific intent. This is generally a Class B misdemeanor in Texas, but it can also be filed as a felony. The Intent Requirement for Terroristic Threat in Texas A terroristic threat has to be made with the intent for one of the following: cause an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies to respond; cause any person to fear imminent serious bodily injury; prevent or interrupts the occupation of a public place, including a place of employment or occupation, place of assembly, place of aircraft or automobile; cause the impairment or interruption of public services, including communications, public transportation, water, gas, or power supply; place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state. Terroristic Threats in the News When most people think of terroristic threats, they envision threats of mass shootings, bombings, or other acts of domestic terrorism. As you can see from above, terroristic threats can involve less sinister statements. For example, we routinely see people charged with making a terroristic threat after being accused of making a threat that causes another person to be in fear of imminent serious bodily injury – notice the word “imminent. ” Threats such as “I will f— you up next time I see you,” may not be deemed imminent. Similarly, a threat such as, “I am going to slap you,” will likely not be considered terroristic threat because a slap is not likely to cause serious bodily injury. During COVID, several people in North Texas were arrested on charges of making a terroristic threat after claiming they have coronavirus and threatening to spread it. Carrolton police arrested a woman after she released Snapchat videos claiming to be positive for COVID-19 and threatening to spread the virus. The videos depict the woman recording herself inside a Walmart and saying she is “about to infest every (expletive). ” Fort Worth police arrested a man who allegedly coughed on people at a laundromat, ad spat in one woman’s face, ater claiming to have tested positive for COVID-19. And Grapevine police arrested a man who ran up to a patrol officer sitting in his marked police car and allegedly coughed in the officer’s face while claiming to be infected with the coronavirus. In all cases, the threats appeared to be unfounded. If you or a loved one is facing a charge of making a terroristic threat in Fort Worth or the surrounding cities, it’s urgent that you contact an experienced defense attorney as soon as possible. Not only can this charge carry stiff penalties, but it also carries with it a stigma that can jeopardize your... > Our Premises Liability Lawyer explains how a property owner may be liable of injury or losses that occur depending on the class of invitee of guest. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/premises-liability/ Premises Liability Lawyer Premises liability refers to the legal responsibility that a property owner has to ensure the safety of individuals who enter their property. This includes different levels of duties to different categories of people who enter the property such as invitees, licensees and trespassers. In this article, we will delve into the different types of premises liability, the role of a premises liability lawyer, the level of duties a property owner has towards different categories of people and what steps you should take if you are injured on a property. Premises Liability in Texas Premises liability in Texas refers to the legal principles that govern the responsibility of property owners (or occupiers) to ensure the safety of anyone who enters their property. This area of law falls under the broader category of tort law and is primarily concerned with injuries that occur due to unsafe conditions or defects on the property. What is a Premises? Premises refers to any type of property, including residential, commercial, and industrial properties. Different Categories of People Entering the Property and the Duty of a Premises Owner When it comes to premises liability, there are different categories of people who may enter a property, and the property owner has different duties towards each of them. Invitees An invitee is someone who is on the property for the benefit of the property owner. This includes customers at a store, patients at a hospital, and tenants in an apartment building. A property owner has a duty to maintain their property in a safe condition and to warn invitees of any known hazards. Licensees A licensee is someone who is on the property with the property owner’s permission. This includes social guests in a home or people visiting a property for recreational purposes. A property owner has a duty to warn licensees of any known hazards, but does not have the same duty to maintain the property in a safe condition. Trespassers A trespasser is someone who is on the property without the property owner’s permission. A property owner does not have a duty to warn trespassers of hazards, but they are not allowed to intentionally harm them. Types of Premises Liability Slip and Fall Accidents: These occur when an individual slips or trips and falls on a property due to a dangerous condition, such as a wet floor or uneven pavement. Slip and fall accidents fall under the category of premise liability. Premise liability is the legal responsibility of a property owner or occupier to ensure that their property is safe for visitors and guests. This includes taking reasonable steps to identify and repair hazards, such as spills, uneven flooring, and other dangerous conditions that could cause a slip and fall accident. If someone is injured as a result of a hazardous condition on a property, the property owner or occupier may be held liable for the resulting damages. Negligent Security: Negligent security cases involve a property owner’s failure to provide adequate security measures to... > Accused of an improper teacher student relationship? Call for a free consultation with a Dallas lawyer: 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/improper-teacher-student-relationship/ If you're accused of having an improper teacher student relationship with a student in Dallas, you face a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have successfully defended teachers, coaches, and school staff against these allegations. Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. Being accused of an improper relationship with a student will upend your life. The moment an allegation surfaces, you'll be placed on administrative leave. If an arrest follows, your freedom, career, and reputation are all at stake. These cases require experienced legal representation and, often, reputation management to address media attention. In this article, Board Certified Criminal Attorney Benson Varghese explains the law, potential penalties, and possible defenses. We also answer frequently asked questions about this offense. https://youtu. be/c5qQPmsbcA4 What Is an Improper Relationship Between Educator and Student Under Texas Law? An improper relationship between an educator and student occurs when any school employee engages in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with a student. This offense is defined under Texas Penal Code Section 21. 12. The law applies to everyone who works at a primary or secondary school, not just teachers. Coaches, counselors, custodians, bus drivers, teacher aides, and principals can all face charges under this statute. The student's age and consent are irrelevant. Even if the student is 18 or older, the relationship is still illegal. Texas lawmakers wrote this statute broadly to cover multiple scenarios. You can be charged if you: Work at the student's school: Any sexual contact with a student enrolled at your school violates the law, regardless of whether you directly teach or supervise that student. Hold a teaching certificate and work in the same district: Certified educators can face charges for contact with any student enrolled in a public primary or secondary school within their district. Provide educational services at sponsored activities: If you work with students at district-sponsored events where primary or secondary students are the main participants, you can be charged for improper contact with those students. Engage in online solicitation: The law also covers online solicitation of a minor when the employee knows the person is a student in their district or a participant in educational activities where they provide services. If you or a family member has been accused of this offense, call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas lawyer at Varghese Summersett today. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys What Are the Penalties for Improper Relationship Between Educator and Student in Texas? Improper relationship between an educator and a student is a second-degree felony in Texas. The punishment range includes 2 to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Beyond prison time and fines, a conviction carries severe collateral consequences. You will lose your teaching license and certification. Your pension and retirement benefits may be forfeited. Future employment in education will be virtually impossible, and many other career paths will... > Our guide to understanding spinal cord injuries and the path to recovery. If you have a spinal cord injury due to someone else's negligence, call us for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-01-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/spinal-cord-injuries/ A spinal cord injury is one of the most devastating things that can happen to a person. In an instant, you go from living your normal life to facing paralysis, a lifetime of medical care, and expenses that can exceed $5 million. If someone else's negligence caused your injury, you have the right to pursue compensation for everything you've lost and everything you'll need going forward. At Varghese Summersett, our Texas spinal cord injury lawyers understand both the medical complexity and the legal challenges of these cases. We know that insurance companies will fight hard to minimize what they pay because the stakes are so high. We fight harder. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, we represent spinal injury victims across Texas and have the resources to take on the toughest cases. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation with a Texas spinal cord injury attorney. Understanding Spinal Cord Injuries The spinal cord is the body's information superhighway. It carries signals between your brain and the rest of your body, controlling movement, sensation, and automatic functions like breathing and blood pressure. When the spinal cord is damaged, those signals get interrupted or stopped entirely. A spinal cord injury occurs when the vertebrae, ligaments, or discs of the spine are damaged, or when the spinal cord itself is bruised, crushed, or severed. The severity depends on where along the spine the damage occurs and whether the injury is "complete" (total loss of function below the injury) or "incomplete" (some function remains). Unlike many injuries, the spinal cord cannot heal itself. While medical advances have improved outcomes for some patients, most spinal cord injuries result in permanent disability that affects every aspect of the victim's life. How the Level of Injury Affects Your Life Your spine is divided into four regions, and the location of your injury determines what functions you'll lose. Understanding this is critical because it directly affects both your medical needs and the value of your claim. Cervical Spine Injuries (Neck Region: C1-C8) Injuries to the cervical spine are the most severe and result in tetraplegia, commonly called quadriplegia. This means paralysis affects all four limbs and the torso. High cervical injuries (C1-C4) are the most devastating. Damage at this level typically causes paralysis of the arms, hands, trunk, and legs. Many patients lose the ability to breathe on their own because the nerves that control the diaphragm originate at C3-C5. Patients with C1-C3 injuries often require permanent ventilator support. They cannot cough effectively to clear their lungs, control their bladder or bowel, or regulate their body temperature normally. Lower cervical injuries (C5-C8) still cause quadriplegia but usually spare the ability to breathe independently. Patients may retain some arm function depending on the exact level. Someone with a C5 injury might be able to bend their elbows but not move their wrists or hands. A C7 injury might allow wrist movement but impair hand function. Most patients at this level can operate a powered wheelchair. Thoracic... > Want to erase your criminal record? Speak to a Dallas expunction lawyer today and find out if you are eligible to have your record expunged. 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/expunction/ Our Expunction Lawyer Handles Expunctions in and around Dallas Everyone makes mistakes. Unfortunately, some mistakes can stay with you forever. An arrest record can ruin your reputation and jeopardize your ability to get into college, land a great job, finance a house, or lease a vehicle. Fortunately, there is a way in Texas to have certain criminal records erased or permanently destroyed. In this article, our Dallas expunction lawyer explains how to wipe the slate clean and answers some frequently asked questions about expunctions in Texas. What is an expunction in Texas? An expunction, also called an expungement, is the only way to completely remove an arrest or charge from your record. An expunction is a court order that forces all law enforcement, government agencies and private companies to permanently destroy all records of an arrest and the subsequent prosecution. It is as if it never occurred. In fact, you can deny that you were ever arrested once your record has been expunged. Unfortunately, not everyone will qualify for an expunction. They are granted in limited circumstances. Who qualifies for an expunction in Dallas? Under Texas law, you may qualify for an expunction if any of the following apply: You were arrested but a charge was never filed; Your case was no-billed by a grand jury; The indictment was quashed due to a lack of probable cause and the statute of limitations has expired; You were acquitted by a judge or jury or an appellate court; Your case was dismissed; Your case was resolved as a Class C offense that was dismissed after successful completion of deferred adjudication probation; Your charge was dismissed after successful completion of a diversion program or deferred prosecution; You were pardoned by the governor of Texas; The prosecutor recommended the case be expunged. You are NOT eligible for an expunction if any of the following apply: Your case is pending; You were convicted; You were placed on probation, community supervision or deferred adjudication for a felony or Class A or B misdemeanor. Class C deferred adjudication is the only exception. To find out for sure if you qualify for an expunction, it’s important to contact an experienced Dallas expunction lawyer. WATCH: Clearing Your Criminal Record in Texas What are the steps to obtain an expunction in Texas? The first step to successfully obtain an expunction is to hire an experienced Dallas expunction lawyer. Expunctions can be complicated. Determining who qualifies, calculating the appropriate waiting period and correctly petitioning the court should be left to a qualified legal professional. Here’s an overview of the steps: Determine whether or not your case is expunction eligible. Calculate the waiting period to determine whether it’s been reached. File a petition for expunction. Wait for the state’s response. File a proposed order for an expunction. Appear at the hearing if necessary. Once an expunction order is granted, ensure that it is sent to all relevant sources who have information about your arrest and prosecution. Follow-up to see if the expunction... > Here are some answers to Personal Injury FAQs in Texas. We answer the most commonly asked personal injury and wrongful death questions. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/faqs/ Frequently Asked Questions We Answer Your Personal Injury FAQs in Texas. How much is my injury case worth? This is, without a doubt, the most frequently asked question by our clients. A variety of factors will determine the answer, including but not limited to: (1) the severity of your injury or loss; (2) your medical bills; (3) when and to what extent you received medical treatment; (4) if you’ve lost wages or income because of the accident; (5) what kind limits there are on the insurance policy; and (6) other insurance policies that might. For example, someone who is disabled as a result of a brain or spinal accident will almost certainly receive a far larger compensation than one who has suffered minor soft tissue injuries or superficial bruising from the same accident. How will I pay my bills after an accident? Texas is an at-fault state, which means the person who caused the accident is responsible for paying for the injured party’s bills. Since it will take time to receive a settlement, the injured party ususally has to turn to their own insurance (health, auto) to cover immediate needs. What types of monetary damages are available in Texas? There are three types of damages that can potentially be recovered in a personal injury lawsuit Economic damages are those that have a specific monetary value, such as medical bills, lost wages, and property damage. Non-economic damages are more difficult to quantify and include pain and suffering, mental anguish, and physical impairment and loss of quality of life. Punitive damages, also called exemplary damages, are intended to punish the defendant and are sought in cases in which the driver was grossly negligent. What if I can’t go back to work? If you can’t go back to work due to an injury caused by another person’s negligence or recklessness, you have the right to demand financial compensation. Our team will fight for a substantial payout through an insurance claim or a personal injury lawsuit. What is comparative negligence? Comparative damage means you can sue for damages even if you are partially at fault for an accident. However, if you are found to be more than 50 percent to blame for an accident, you cannot recover any compensation. For example, if you’re in an accident and you’re found to be 30 percent at fault, you’ll be responsible for 30 percent of the damages. The other party will be responsible for 70 percent of the damages. Does Texas have a statute of limitations? Texas has a two-year statute of limitations for personal injury claims. This means you have two years from the date of the accident to file a claim or lawsuit. If you miss the deadline, you will likely be barred from pursing compensation. How much does it cost to hire Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group? It will not cost you anything out-of-pocket to hire Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group. We work on contingency, which means we only get paid if we are... > Were you injured or a loved one killed in a farm or ranch accident? Call for a free consulation with a Texas farm and ranch injury lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-02-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/farm-and-ranch-injuries/ Texas Farm and Ranch Injury Lawyer Agriculture is one of the oldest professions in the nation — but it’s also one of the most dangerous. The combination of heavy machinery, harmful chemicals, unpredictable livestock, and exposure to the elements makes farmers and ranchers particularly prone to injuries and fatalities. Of course, Texas is no exception. The Lone Star State leads the nation in the number of farms and ranches, with 248,416 farms and ranches covering 127 million acres. That means there’s an unfortunate number of farm and ranch accidents every year. If you have been injured or a loved one killed on a Texas farm or ranch due to another person or entity’s negligence or recklessness, it’s important to seek help from an experienced Texas farm and ranch injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain common farm and ranch accidents, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. The Agricultural Industry in Texas When people refer to the agricultural industry in Texas, they are talking about more than crops and livestock. The industry also includes timber, poultry, fishing, dairy products, horticulture, animal feed production, farm product processing and packing, and aquaculture. Here’s an overview of the agricultural industry in Texas: Cattle production Sheep and goat products Poultry and eggs Cotton Grains Hay Nuts and Oilseeds Fruits and vegetables Horticulture, including nursery crops and floriculture Timber Wine Aquaculture, including catfish farming Given its size, location, and climatic diversity, Texas’s agricultural industry is a complex and multifaceted operation. From traditional ranching to innovative agribusiness practices, the state continues to be a vital player in America’s food supply and export markets. With all of this activity, however, come vast opportunities for injuries and fatalities. The Frequency of Farm and Ranch Accidents Statistics show that the agricultural sector consistently ranks as one of the most hazardous industries nationwide. Every year, thousands of workers and family members suffer serious injuries or fatalities in accidents involving machinery, livestock, chemicals, and more. Consider these statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: ⇒ In 2020, there were 11,880 injuries in agricultural production that required workers to take time off work. It’s important to point out, however, there is also an under-reporting of injuries in the agricultural industry. ⇒ In 2021, workers in the agricultural, forestry, fishing, and hunting industry had one the highest fatal injury rates – 20 deaths per 100,000 full-time workers. Compare that to a rate of 3. 6 deaths for every 100,000 workers for all U. S. industries. ⇒ Transportation accidents, which include tractor overturns and roadway crashes, were the leading cause of death for farmers and ranchers. Other leading causes were contact with equipment, animal incidents, and falls, slips and trips. ⇒ About 65 percent of deaths in the agricultural industry occur to workers 55 years old or older. Causes of... > Arrest showing up on routine background checks? Talk to a Dallas Nondisclosure lawyer today to see if you can seal your criminal record. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/nondisclosures/ How to Get a Nondisclosure in Dallas Many people who have had their criminal case dismissed are surprised when their arrest shows up on a routine background check. They wrongly assumed that their record was clear; they thought they had put the past behind them. In Texas, the only way to truly seal a criminal record from public view is through what is known as a nondisclosure. In this article, our Dallas nondisclosure lawyer is going to discuss the nondisclosure process in Texas and how to ensure certain arrests and convictions don’t show up on a routine background check. What is a criminal nondisclosure in Texas? A nondisclosure is a court order that prohibits public entities, such as police departments and courts, from releasing or disclosing certain criminal records. If you receive an order of non-disclosure, your charge is sealed from public view and it will not show up on most background checks. It also allows you to legally deny your arrest in response to questions on job applications. It’s important to point out an important caveat, however, about nondisclosures in Texas. If you receive an order for nondisclosure, certain licensing agencies - including law enforcement, education and government organizations - will still have access to the information and records. This means if you are interested in becoming a doctor, teacher, lawyer or any job licensed by the state, these boards will be able to obtain information about your case. If you have a question about whether a specific licensing will see your charge, it’s best to speak to a Dallas nondisclosure lawyer. Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney on Nondisclosure Who qualifies for a nondisclosure in Dallas? A Nondisclosure can certainly help people get on with their lives, however, not everyone is eligible for one. Prior to September 1, 2015, only individuals who had their cases dismissed after completing deferred adjudication probation were eligible for a nondisclosure Fortunately, significant changes to nondisclosure laws have gone into effect over the past several years, which expanded eligibility for people seeking to seal their criminal record through a nondisclosure. Under Texas Government Code, Chapter 411, you may qualify for a nondisclosure if: you successfully completed deferred adjudication for certain nonviolent misdemeanors AFTER September 1, 2017, and it has been at least 180 days since your plea – Section 411. 072. This is sometimes referred to as an automatic nondisclosure because the law states that the judge “shall” grant the order of nondisclosure UNLESS the judge finds it would not be in the best interest of justice; you successfully completed deferred adjudication for certain felonies or misdemeanors and obtained a dismissal – Section 411. 0725. This is the most common application for nondisclosure; you received a dismissal after completing deferred adjudication for a qualifying DWI or BWI (Boating While Intoxicated) – Section 411. 0726; you successfully completed a veteran’s court treatment program – Section 411. 0727; you are a sex trafficking victim and your prostitution conviction or related offense was set aside (judicial clemency)... > Athena Strand, 7, was found dead on December 2, two days after a FedEx driver kidnapped and killed her. Submit tips to our Answers For Athena page. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/answers-for-athena/ Answers For Athena: Information Page Athena Strand, 7, was found dead on December 2, two days after a FedEx driver kidnapped and killed her after making a Christmas delivery to her father’s home in Paradise, Texas. Tanner Horner, 31, was arrested and has been indicted for capital murder and aggravated kidnapping. He is being held in the Wise County Jail on a $1. 5 million bond. The outpouring of grief and support has been overwhelming in Wise County and beyond, where students and residents have been wearing pink in honor of the free-spirited first-grader. Strand’s mother, Maitlyn Gandy, retained Varghese Summersett to assist in various aspects of this case, which has garnered extensive media attention and has the public demanding justice, both criminally and civilly. This page contains information about the latest developments in the case, scheduled events, and ways to support the family during their extraordinary journey through grief. It will be updated regularly. Athena Alert Law: HB3556 Wrongful Death Lawsuit December 8, 2022 Press Conference https://youtu. be/ayJdLs8hmEI Our short-term efforts are focused on Athena’s family; taking as much as we can off their plates so they can mourn her loss. Our long-term goals are to thoroughly investigate how and why this happened and to hold any person or corporation accountable whose actions or inactions could have prevented this little girl’s tragic death. We will leave no stone unturned in our quest to get answers for Athena. Benson Varghese Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group Press Release ⇒ June 13, 2023: Texas Governor Signs “Athena Alert” Into Law ⇒ May 25, 2023: “Athena Alert” Bill Flies Through Texas Senate ⇒ May 9, 2023: Texas House Passes “Athena Alert” Bill ⇒ February 21, 2023: Athena Strand’s Mother Files Wrongful Death Lawsuit Against Accused Killer, FedEx and Big Topspin ⇒ Febuary 16, 2023: Statement from Maitlyn Gandy Regarding Indictment of Tanner Horner Capital Murder Indictment Aggravated Kidnapping Indictment ⇒ January 20, 2023: Mattel Donates 2000 Barbies and Toys to Cook Children’s Medical Center in Memory of Athena Strand ⇒ December 8, 2022: Press Conference Statement from Maitlyn Gandy, Mother of Athena Strand ⇒ December 6, 2022: Mother of 7-Year-Old Athena Strand to Speak During Press Conference Events Athena Strand Memorial Birthday Tournament August 12, 2023 Duncan Sports Park & Activity Center 400 M. L. K. Jr. Blvd. , Duncan, OK 73533 Hosted: Maitlyn Gandy Athena Strand COED Softball Tournament (Postponed Due to Weather) May 13 – 14 Duncan Sports Park & Activity Center 400 M. L. K. Jr. Blvd. , Duncan, OK 73533 Hosted: Maitlyn Gandy The tournament is a celebration of Athena’s life and birthday. Email: AllThingsAthenaStrand2015@hotmail. com to reserve your team’s spot (Past) Athena Strand COED Softball Tournament January 7-8 Kenny Renshaw Park 2705 FM-51 Decatur TX Call or text 817-690-9869 to sign up Purchase a sweatshirt or jersey: https://athenastrong. itemorder. com/shop/home/ (Past) Pink Out Ride for Athena December 18, 1:00 p. m. Meet at 411 South Broadway Marlow, OK How to Give First Baptist Church Cottondale Online: Go to... > Learn about the most common causes of traumatic brain injuries in car accidents and personal injury cases and how to protect yourself. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/traumatic-brain-injuries/ Traumatic Brain Injuries: Legal Options for Recovery A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a devastating impact on individuals and their families. These injuries, which are caused by a blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury, can result in a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms that can last for a lifetime. In some cases, a traumatic brain injury can even be fatal. If you or a loved one has suffered a traumatic brain injury in a car accident or personal injury case in Texas, it is important to understand the causes of these injuries and how to best protect your rights. At Varghese Summersett, our experienced personal injury attorneys have a deep understanding of TBIs and the impact they can have on victims and their families. What Causes Traumatic Brain Injury in a Car Accident or Personal Injury Case? There are a number of factors that can contribute to traumatic brain injury in car accidents and other personal injury cases. Some of the most common causes include: Sudden, violent movements of the head or body Blows to the head from a collision or fall Penetrating injuries from flying debris or other objects Whiplash injuries from sudden, jerking movements of the head and neck In car accidents, traumatic brain injuries can occur when the head strikes a hard surface such as a steering wheel, dashboard, or window. They can also occur when the head is suddenly jolted or whipped around, causing the brain to collide with the inside of the skull. Car Accidents Car accidents are a leading cause of TBIs, particularly in high-speed collisions. The sudden impact of a crash can cause a person’s head to strike the dashboard, steering wheel, or a window, leading to a traumatic brain injury. In addition, a traumatic brain injury can also occur if the head is thrown around in a collision, causing the brain to collide with the inside of the skull. In Texas, it is estimated that car accidents cause around 60% of TBIs each year. To help protect yourself and reduce the risk of a traumatic brain injury in a car accident, it is important to wear a seatbelt at all times and avoid distracted driving. Falls Falls are another leading cause of TBIs, particularly in older adults. A fall from a height, such as from a ladder or rooftop, can cause a TBI if the head strikes a hard surface. Falls can also occur due to slip-and-fall incidents on wet or slippery surfaces, which can result in a traumatic brain injury if the head strikes the ground or another hard object. In personal injury cases, it is important to hold property owners accountable for maintaining safe conditions on their premises. If a fall occurs due to a property owner’s negligence, the victim may be entitled to compensation for their injuries. Blunt Force Trauma Blunt force trauma is another common cause of TBIs in personal injury cases. This type of injury occurs when a... > Arrested for public intoxication in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas public intoxication lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-misdemeanor-defense-lawyer/public-intoxication/ Public Intoxication in Texas Public intoxication (PI) in Texas is defined in Penal Code 49. 02 and occurs when an individual is in a public place while intoxicated to the degree that they may endanger themselves or others. This charge doesn't rely on a specific blood alcohol concentration (BAC); rather, it depends on the officer's judgment of the individual’s condition. The law is designed to prevent harm due to intoxication in public settings. It’s not uncommon for officers to arrest individuals for PI if they are riding in the car of a someone arrested for DWI; if they are leaving a bar and seem to have trouble walking; or if they appear intoxicated and are walking toward a vehicle. While officers may ask an individual to take a field sobriety test or breathalyzer, the truth is they don’t need a blood alcohol concentration to make an arrest. What is the Punishment for Public Intoxication? A public intoxication charge is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. Although jail time is not a possibility as punishment, paying a fine on a PI citation will result in a conviction on your record. That’s why it’s important to resolve the case in a manner that will keep your record clean. What is a Public Place? Under Texas law, a public place means any place to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access and includes, but is not limited to, streets, highways, and the common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office buildings, transport facilities, and shops. Defending Against Charges for Public Intoxication in Fort Worth A public intoxication charge in Texas is punishable by a fine of up to $500. Additional penalties apply to individuals under the age of 21. If you have two prior convictions for public intoxication, your third offense becomes a Class B misdemeanor, which is punishable by up to 180 days in jail and up to a $2,000 fine. Anyone facing charges of public intoxication in Fort Worth should contact an experienced defense attorney. It’s important that the case is resolved in a manner that will not negatively impact your future. We can help. Our team of attorneys have defended every level of intoxication crime in Texas. Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation. > Varghese Summersett's Fort Worth self driving car accident lawyer will protect your rights and fight for your deserved compensation. Call today at 817-207-4878. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/self-driving-car-accidents/ Texas Self-Driving Car Accident Lawyer Self-Driving Car Accident Lawyer Serving Texas As self-driving cars become increasingly common on Texas roads, accidents involving these autonomous vehicles are also on the rise. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration received reports of 419 crashes involving autonomous vehicles. Of those 156 were truly autonomous vehicles. Of those 419, there were 18 fatalities. All the fatalities were in partially-autonomous vehicles and there have been no fatalities linked to fully-autonomous vehicles. In this article our self driving car accident lawyer explains how these cases can result in liability and who they create liability for. A self-driving car, also known as an autonomous vehicle or driverless car, is a type of vehicle that uses a combination of sensors, cameras, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced software to navigate, control, and drive itself without the need for human intervention. Self-driving cars can perceive their environment, make decisions, and perform driving tasks such as accelerating, braking, and steering. There are different levels of automation in self-driving cars, ranging from Level 0 (no automation) to Level 5 (full automation). At higher levels of automation, human intervention becomes less necessary. For instance, Level 5 autonomous vehicles can operate completely independently under all conditions, without any human input. Understanding the unique challenges and liability concerns surrounding self-driving car accidents in Fort Worth is crucial for anyone who may be affected by such an incident. If you have been injured in a self-driving car accident, contact Varghese Summersett and consult with our car accident lawyers as soon as possible. We’ll review your case and discuss the best way to proceed with your claim. In this article, we’ll explore the various aspects of autonomous vehicle accidents, liability, and safety concerns and when you should consult with our personal injury lawyer for help. Understanding Autonomous Vehicle Accidents Common Causes of Self-Driving Car Accidents While self-driving cars are designed to reduce the likelihood of accidents caused by human error, they are not completely immune to collisions. Some common causes of autonomous vehicle accidents include: Human error Although self-driving cars aim to minimize human error, drivers may still need to take control in certain situations. Misunderstandings, slow reaction times, or poor decisions by the human driver can lead to accidents. Technical malfunctions While self-driving car systems are rigorously tested and continually updated, they are not immune to technical malfunctions. Issues with sensors, cameras, LIDAR systems, or software algorithms can cause the autonomous vehicle to make a wrong decision, leading to an accident. Inadequate communication between vehicles Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is essential for self-driving cars to coordinate with each other. However, when communication systems fail or are obstructed, collisions can occur. Cybersecurity breaches Self-driving cars rely on complex software systems, making them vulnerable to hacking or cyber-attacks. A malicious third party could potentially take control of a vehicle and cause an accident. Unpredictable road conditions Autonomous vehicles may struggle to adapt to unexpected or rapidly changing road conditions, such as potholes, debris, or severe weather. This may cause the... > ATV accidents are far too common. Our ATV accident lawyer in Texas put this guide together to help you if the worst should happen. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/atv-accidents/ ATV Accident Lawyer in Texas Understanding ATV Accidents in Texas ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) accidents can be relatively common in Texas, as well as other states with large rural areas, due to the prevalence of off-road activities and outdoor recreation. According to Texas Trails, Education, and Motorized Management, on average one person dies every week in the United States in an ATV accident. Serious injuries are far too common. Perhaps surprisingly, nearly 35% of ATV fatalities occur on paved roads and surfaces. Nearly 26% of fatalities occur at speeds over 20 mph. In this article, we will look at the factors that contribute to ATV accidents, what you can do to prevent them, and what you should do if you or a loved one is involved in an ATV accident. Texas is the most dangerous state in the country for ATV accidents. Who is responsible for an ATV accident? The liability for an ATV accident will depend on the specific circumstances surrounding the incident. Here are some possible scenarios and who may be liable: Operator negligence: If the accident occurred because the operator was driving recklessly or in violation of the law, then the operator may be liable for the accident. Manufacturer defects: If the accident was caused by a defect in the ATV, such as faulty brakes or steering, then the manufacturer or distributor of the ATV may be liable for the accident. Property owner liability: If the accident occurred on someone else’s property and the property owner failed to properly warn of hazards or maintain the property, then the property owner may be liable for the accident. Negligence of another party: If the accident was caused by the negligence of another party, such as a driver of another vehicle or a pedestrian, then that party may be liable for the accident. What types of insurance may apply to an ATV accident? Here are some types of insurance policies that may provide coverage for ATV accidents: Homeowners insurance: If the ATV is owned by the homeowner and is being used on the homeowner’s property, then the homeowner’s insurance policy may provide coverage for any accidents that occur. ATV insurance: This type of insurance policy is specifically designed to cover ATV accidents and may provide coverage for property damage, bodily injury, and other types of losses. Auto insurance: Some auto insurance policies may provide coverage for ATV accidents if the ATV is being used to transport people or property on public roads. It is important to review your insurance policies carefully to understand what types of coverage are included and what types of exclusions may apply. Additionally, if you are involved in an ATV accident, it is important to report the accident to your insurance company as soon as possible. The Rising Prevalence of ATV Accidents With a growing number of 4-wheeler and four-wheeler accidents reported yearly, it’s crucial to understand the risks involved and how to protect yourself legally if you or a loved one is injured in an ATV... > if you have been accused of stealing another person's property by threatening harm, you should speak with a Fort Worth robbery lawyer right away. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-theft-lawyer/robbery/ Fort Worth Robbery Lawyer In Fort Worth and throughout Texas, robbery refers to forcibly taking someone’s property while injuring them or placing them in fear of being injured. Robbery is considered a violent crime and can carry severe consequences. If you are facing robbery charges, it’s imperative to have a Fort Worth robbery lawyer evaluate your case as soon as possible. Our experienced criminal attorneys can help you formulate a defense to maximize your chances of a positive outcome. What is Robbery vs. Aggravated Robbery? Robbery: Under Texas Penal Code Section 29. 02, a person commits robbery if while committing a theft he or she: intentionally, knowingly or recklessly cause bodily injury to another or intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. Aggravated Robbery: Texas Penal Code §29. 03 defines aggravated robbery as a robbery that inflicts serious bodily harm, involves the use of a deadly weapon, or causes bodily injury or fear of bodily harm or death to a disabled or elderly person. Under Texas law, an elderly individual is someone 65 years of age or older. Disabled individuals are defined as those having physical, cognitive, or developmental disabilities who cannot defend themselves from harm. Bodily injury means any pain. Simply put, robbery is elevated to aggravated robbery if the defendant used or displayed a deadly weapon during the attempted theft. Aggravated robbery is a more serious offense than robbery and it that carries harsher penalties than robbery. Aggravated Robbery is considered a “3G” offense in Texas, so any prison sentence will require a person to serve at least half the term before applying for parole, as opposed to a quarter term. What Are Examples of Robberies? Robberies are common in Fort Worth and across the state. Typical examples include: Holding up a Convenience Store; Home Invasion; Car Jacking; Mugging; and Purse Snatching. What is the Punishment for Robbery and Aggravated Robbery? Both robbery and aggravated robbery are felonies. Individuals who are convicted of robbery face up to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. If convicted of aggravated robbery, a person faces from five years to up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. A seasoned robbery lawyer in Fort Worth can explain the full range of penalties that may apply to your case. What are Potential Defenses for Robbery and Aggravated Robbery? For a charge of robbery to be proven against the accused, the prosecutor must prove that the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly threatened the alleged victim or caused them to fear of bodily harm or death. Prosecutors are required to prove robbery charges beyond a reasonable doubt, which can be a challenging burden depending on the facts and circumstances of the case. A skilled Fort Worth attorney could argue that the defendant lacked the knowledge or intent to commit the robbery. In some cases, a lawyer may be able to argue that no injury was inflicted on the other party and that they... > Accused of stalking in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Dallas stalking lawyer at 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/stalking-defense/ Dallas Stalking Lawyer | Top Criminal Defense What is considered stalking in Texas? Stalking in Texas occurs when a person acts in a repeated manner in which their course of conduct puts another person in fear of damage to their property, bodily injury, or death. Our Dallas stalking lawyer explains the offense and defenses in detail in this article. In 2021, Texas broadened its stalking laws to give the state more options to charge the offense and to give courts the ability to enhance sentences for repeat offenders. Texas’ previous stalking statute only provided legal protection for the person being stalked, their family, and persons in their household. The change added individuals in a dating relationship. That means current girlfriends and boyfriends are protected against threatening conduct in stalking cases. Before the expanded law, they weren’t. The updated statute also broadens the definition of what constitutes stalking with a subsection that includes “different types of conduct” that can be considered part of “the same scheme or course of conduct. ” In short, the change makes it easier for the state to charge someone with stalking. For example, the alleged offender doesn’t have to repeat the same action more than once, such as showing up at a person’s office. The offender could show up at the person's office and follow that with a threatening phone call or text message. How is stalking defined in Texas? Texas Penal Code Sec. 42. 072 defines stalking as any time a person, on more than one occasion, and pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct that is directed specifically at another person, knowingly engages “in conduct that the actor knows or reasonably should know the other person will regard as threatening. ” This includes the fear of bodily injury or death to a person or a member of the person’s family or household or to a person with whom the target has a dating relationship. The statute also includes the fear of an offense committed against the other person’s property. Before the law was updated, a stalking charge generally required actions that went further than phone calls and texts. The content of those calls or texts, of course, could rise to the level of stalking in certain circumstances. The updated law includes a wide range of emotions that could predicate a charge of stalking, including if the target feels “harassed, annoyed, alarmed, abused, tormented, embarrassed, or offended. ” What does acting “knowingly” mean under Texas Law? The Texas Penal Code says, “a person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to a result of his conduct when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. ” Put another way, a person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with regard to the essence of their actions or to circumstances surrounding their conduct when the person is aware of the essence of their conduct or that the circumstances exist. This is important because the prosecutor, judge, and potentially a jury will... > Were you or a loved one burned in Fort Worth or the surrounding areas due to someone's negligence? Speak to our Texas burn injury lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/burn-injuries/ Burn Injury Lawyer – Dallas Fort Worth Most people have sustained a minor burn at some point in their lifetime, but severe burns are in a class all their own. The level of devastation and despair for this type of injury is unimaginable, indescribable. We’re talking about permanent scarring, disfigurement, and even wrongful death. If you or a loved one suffered a severe burn injury due to another person or corporation’s negligence, you are likely entitled to substantial monetary compensation. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we will leave no stone unturned in our quest to hold each and every entity and individual accountable. Burn Injury Lawyer, Serving All of Texas In this article, our Texas burn injury lawyer will explain these types of injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Most importantly, hiring our team will not cost anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We work on a contingency fee basis which means we don’t get paid unless and until you receive a settlement or jury award. Who is Responsible for Injuries after a Fire? Depending on the circumstances of the fire that caused the burns, any number of people or entities might be responsible: Property owners: If a fire starts on a property due to the property owner’s negligence, such as failure to maintain electrical wiring or not properly storing flammable materials, they may be held liable for any resulting injuries or deaths. Product manufacturers: If a fire is caused by a defective product, such as a faulty appliance or electrical device, the manufacturer of that product may be held liable for any resulting injuries or deaths. Contractors: If a fire is caused by the negligent actions of a contractor, such as improper installation of electrical wiring or a gas line, the contractor may be held liable for any resulting injuries or deaths. Landlords: If a tenant is injured or killed in a fire caused by a landlord’s negligence, such as failure to provide working smoke detectors or maintain the property’s fire safety features, the landlord may be held liable. Individuals: If a fire is caused by an individual’s negligence, such as carelessly discarding a cigarette or starting a fire while cooking, they may be held liable for any resulting injuries or deaths. Does Insurance Cover Burn Injuries? Whether or not insurance covers burn injuries depends on the type of insurance and the specific policy. Here are a few types of insurance that may provide coverage for burn injuries: Health insurance: Health insurance policies typically cover medical expenses associated with treating burn injuries, including hospital stays, surgeries, medications, and rehabilitation. Workers’ compensation insurance: If a burn injury occurs in the workplace, workers’ compensation insurance may provide coverage for medical expenses, lost wages, and disability benefits. Auto insurance: If a burn injury occurs in a car accident, the injured party’s auto insurance may provide coverage for medical expenses and other damages, depending on the policy. Homeowner’s or renter’s insurance: If a burn injury occurs on... > Injured as a passenger in a Fort Worth car accident? Our car accident passenger lawyers fight to protect your rights and seek fair compensation. Call us today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/car-accident-passenger-lawyer/ Car Accident Passenger Lawyer Fort Worth Car Accident Passenger Lawyer, Serving Tarrant, Dallas, and Surrounding Counties As a passenger in a vehicle, you trust the driver of the vehicle to take you safely to your destination. If you’re injured during that journey because of the fault of another driver or your own driver, you may have a cause of action against one or both. That might give you some pause. For example, if my wife is injured in a car accident and I was at fault, would I want her to sue me? Under some circumstances, the answer is yes – because while my insurance company may readily accept liability, it is not their job to maximize the recovery – either physically or monetarily. You need an attorney at your side who is willing to help and go the distance, if need be, to protect your spouse. Car accidents are an unfortunate reality for many Texans, with over 80,000 people injured each year in the state. As a passenger in a car accident, it’s essential to understand and exercise your legal rights to avoid financial devastation and ensure fair compensation for your injuries. This comprehensive guide will discuss passenger rights in Texas, the various forms of compensation available, and the importance of consulting with a personal injury attorney. As an innocent victim in the accident, claims for serious injuries, emotional trauma, and other compensation against either driver are possible. Varghese Summersett is here to help you navigate the complex process of seeking your deserved compensation. In this article, we’ll review the types of compensation a passenger injured in a car accident can receive, the steps to filing a claim and negotiating with insurance companies, and how our car accident passenger lawyer will guide you through the process. Passengers Have Rights After an Accident As a passenger in a car accident, you have rights. Knowing these rights is essential in order to protect yourself and get the compensation you deserve. Rights to Compensation: Texas law allows passengers injured in a car accident to seek compensation for their injuries, medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Right to File a Claim: As a passenger, you can file a claim with the at-fault driver’s insurance company or your own insurance company if the at-fault driver is uninsured or underinsured. Our car accident passenger lawyers can help you deal with insurance companies effectively. Right to Report the Accident: A passenger can and should report the accident to their insurance company, even if they were not the driver, to process potential claims. They can also file against the driver’s insurance or any other driver’s insurance. Right to Decline to Speak with Adverse Insurance Adjuster: Passengers have the right to refuse to speak with insurance adjusters representing the at-fault driver(s) or provide a recorded statement until they consult with a personal injury attorney. Right to Consult with a Personal Injury Attorney: Passengers have the right to seek advice from a knowledgeable personal injury attorney to... > Arrested for possession of marijuana in Dallas? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas marijuana lawyer. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/possession-of-marijuana/ Dallas Possession of Marijuana Defense Lawyer Dallas Marijuana Lawyer, Serving Dallas County and Surrounding Areas Marijuana is legal in a growing number of states. Texas, however, is not one of them. You can still be prosecuted in Dallas and the surrounding areas for possessing or delivering marijuana. A conviction for any type of drug charge can negatively impact your future. That's why it's imperative to contact an experienced Dallas marijuana lawyer if you've been arrested on a marijuana charge. In this article, we will explain the marijuana laws in Texas, punishment ranges, possible defenses, and potential collateral consequences. But before you move on, please watch this highly-informative video from Benson Varghese, a Dallas marijuana lawyer who is board certified in criminal law and describes how to beat marijuana charges in Dallas. https://youtu. be/8fXi0wAIM3g What is possession of marijuana in Texas? In Texas, possession of marijuana is defined as knowingly or intentionally possessing a usable quantity of marijuana. This can be a misdemeanor or felony offense depending on the amount of marijuana possessed. What is considered a "usable quantity" of marijuana in Texas? The amount of marijuana considered to be a “usable quantity” depends on the circumstances of each case, but it generally refers to an amount that is sufficient for personal use. Some courts have found that as little as a third of a gram is enough to convict someone for possession of marijuana. What are the penalties for possession of marijuana in Texas? The penalties for possession of marijuana in Texas depend on the amount of the drug for which you are caught. Here's a breakdown: Possession of Drug Paraphernalia: Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. Possession of Marijuana Under 2 Ounces: Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 2 to 4 Ounces: Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and maximum $4,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 4 Ounces to 5 Pounds: State jail felony punishable by 6 months to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 5 to 50 Pounds: Third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Possession of Marijuana 50 to 2000 pounds: Second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. What constitutes delivery of marijuana in Texas? In Texas, delivery of marijuana is defined as intentionally or knowingly delivering marijuana, actually or constructively, to another. In other words, it can involve actually handing marijuana to another person, using another person for the transfer, or even leaving the drugs at a specified location. It also doesn't matter whether or not there is an actual exchange of money to be charged with this offense or if it was given as a gift. What are the penalties for the delivery of marijuana in Texas? The penalties for delivery of marijuana in Texas depend on the amount of... > Who is at fault in a u-turn accident? Learn about how liability is determined in a u turn accident. Call us today at 817-207-4878. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/fault-in-a-u-turn-accident/ Who is at Fault in a U-Turn Accident? Understanding Liability in a U-Turn Accident U-turn car accidents can be severe and include head-on collisions with tremendous speed, often resulting in severe damage and traumatic injuries. Determining fault in such an accident can be complicated. Having an experienced car accident lawyer from Varghese Summersett is crucial to protecting your rights and interest. Our team comprises dedicated personal injury attorneys here to help you navigate the legal process and secure the compensation you deserve. In this post, we’ll explain the common causes of U-turn accidents in Texas, the types of injuries and compensation associated with victims, and how our Fort Worth accident lawyers can help you receive the proper compensation. Who is at fault in a U-Turn Accident? Determining fault in a U-turn accident depends on the specific circumstances surrounding the incident, as well as local traffic laws. Here are some general guidelines to consider: Illegal U-turn If a driver makes an illegal U-turn, they are likely at fault for any resulting accident. This includes making a U-turn where signs prohibit it, or if it’s against local traffic laws. Right-of-way Drivers making a U-turn must yield the right-of-way to oncoming traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. If a driver fails to do so and causes an accident, they may be considered at fault. Proper signaling If a driver does not signal their intention to make a U-turn, they could be found at fault for any accidents that occur as a result. U-turn location If a driver makes a U-turn at an unsafe location or in an unsafe manner, they may be considered at fault. Most Common Causes of U-turn Accidents in Texas U-turn accidents occur for various reasons, including: Misjudging the distance and speed of oncoming traffic Drivers may underestimate the speed of oncoming vehicles or overestimate the distance between their car and the approaching vehicles, leading to accidents when they attempt a U-turn. Making a U-turn in a prohibited area Ignoring signs or traffic signals that prohibit U-turns can result in accidents, as these restrictions often exist due to limited visibility, heavy traffic, or other hazards. Failing to signal before making a U-turn Not using the appropriate turn signal before making a U-turn can lead to accidents, as other drivers and pedestrians may be unaware of the driver’s intention to change direction. Poor visibility due to weather or an obstructed view Adverse weather conditions, such as heavy rain, fog, or snow, can reduce visibility and make it difficult for drivers to see oncoming traffic or pedestrians when attempting a U-turn. Obstructions, such as parked vehicles or large bushes, can limit visibility and increase the risk of accidents. Failing to yield the right-of-way Drivers must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians before making a U-turn. Failing to do so can result in collisions with vehicles with the right-of-way. Impatience or aggressive driving Some drivers may become impatient or engage in aggressive driving behaviors, such as making sudden or unsafe U-turns, increasing the risk of... > Nothing is more serious than being accused of causing the death of a person. Call for a free consult with a Dallas homicide lawyer today. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/homicide/ Dallas Homicide Lawyer | Aggressive Criminal Defense Dallas Homicide Lawyer, Serving Dallas County and Surrounding Areas When it comes to criminal allegations, nothing is more serious than being accused of causing the death of a person. Depending on the charge, you could be facing life behind bars or even the death penalty in Texas. That's why it's crucial to contact a Dallas homicide lawyer with the skills and expertise to defend complex, high-stakes cases that often come with media attention. Our team has successfully defended clients against all types of homicide charges. As former prosecutors, we are skilled in all aspects of death investigations, including forensic examinations, toxicological analysis, investigative procedures, underlying motives, affirmative defenses, and mitigating factors. We are relentless in the courtroom and will pursue every possible angle to get the best possible outcome for you. In this article, we explain the four types of homicide charges in Texas, punishment ranges, and possible defenses. But before we move on, watch this video from Christy Jack, a nationally-recognized trial attorney who has handled more murder cases than most lawyers in North Texas. What is criminal homicide in Texas? In Texas, a person commits criminal homicide if he or she intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or with criminal negligence causes the death of an individual. Criminal homicide is: capital murder, murder, manslaughter, or criminally negligent homicide. If you are facing any of these charges, it's important to contact a Dallas homicide lawyer as soon as possible. Time is of the essence. The sooner you get to work on your case, the better your chances of a favorable outcome. Types of Dallas Homicide Charges Under Chapter 19 of the Texas Penal Code, there are four types of criminal homicides in Texas. All are felonies that carry significant consequences if convicted, including long jail sentences and steep fines. We break down each one below. Murder In Texas, there are three ways in which a person may commit the offense of murder. A person commits murder if he or she: intentionally or knowingly causes the death of an individual; intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; or commits or attempts to commit a felony and, in the process also performs an act "clearly dangerous to human life" that causes the death of another person. This is sometimes referred to as "felony murder" in Texas. Examples of murder would be fatally stabbing someone in a fight; hitting someone in the head with a baseball bat and causing their death; being a chronic, convicted drunk driver and eventually causing a wreck that killed someone. Capital Murder In Texas, capital murder is the most serious crime on the books. It is punishable by either life in prison without parole or the death penalty. A murder charge is elevated to capital murder if a person commits: Murder of a peace officer or fireman in the line of duty; Murder during the commission or attempted... > Get the compensation you deserve after a rollover accident in Fort Worth. Contact our experienced attorneys to seek justice after rollover accidents. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/rollover-accidents/ Rollover Accidents in Texas – Pursuing Justice after a Loss What is a Rollover Car Accident? A rollover car accident or rollover crash occurs when a vehicle tips over onto its side or roof. Rollover accidents occur far too frequently in Texas. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the causes, prevention strategies, and legal implications of the many fatal rollover accidents here in Texas. How can Varghese Summersett help after a Rollover car accident? Our personal injury lawyers can provide valuable assistance after a rollover accident in several ways: Case evaluation: We will review the details of your accident, help determine liability, and assess the potential value of your claim. Investigation: We will conduct a thorough investigation, gathering critical evidence such as police reports, witness statements, surveillance footage, and expert testimonies to build a strong case. Expert consultation: We will work with experts in fields such as accident reconstruction, engineering, and medical care to establish the cause of the rollover, the extent of your injuries, and future treatment needs. Legal guidance: We can help you understand your legal rights and options, and provide advice on the best course of action to pursue fair compensation. Negotiation: Many personal injury cases are resolved through negotiations with insurance companies or responsible parties. An experienced attorney can effectively negotiate on your behalf, ensuring you receive a fair settlement. Litigation: If negotiations fail or are not in your best interest, we will represent you in court, presenting your case persuasively to a judge or jury. Medical treatment coordination: We will help you get the proper medical care by coordinating with healthcare providers and ensuring that your treatment is documented for use in your claim. Damage calculation: Our personal injury attorney can accurately calculate the damages you have suffered, including medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other losses resulting from the accident. Protection from unfair tactics: Insurance companies may use various tactics to minimize or deny your claim. We will protect your interests by ensuring that you are not taken advantage of during the claims process. Peace of mind: Lastly, having a knowledgeable and experienced personal injury lawyer by your side can provide you with the peace of mind needed to focus on your recovery, knowing that your case is being handled professionally and efficiently. What are the types of rollover car accidents? Rollovers can be categorized as either tripped or untripped: Tripped rollovers: These rollovers occur often when a vehicle leaves the roadway and slides sideways, encountering a force (such as a curb, guardrail, or soft soil) that trips the vehicle and causes it to roll over. Untripped rollovers: These are rarer and typically involve high-speed maneuvers or collisions with other vehicles that cause the vehicle to become airborne and rollover. Rollover accidents are a particularly dangerous type of car accident that can lead to severe injuries and fatalities. Common Injuries in Rollover Accidents Injuries sustained in car rollover accidents can range from mild to severe, with some of the most common... > Fort Worth Airbag Injury Lawyer: Get expert legal help for airbag injury claims in Texas. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-207-4878 for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/fort-worth-airbag-injury-lawyer/ Fort Worth Airbag Injury Lawyer Airbags are an important safety feature in vehicles, designed to protect drivers and passengers in the event of a crash. However, airbags can also cause serious, sometimes catastrophic, injuries and even deaths. In some cases, airbags may be defective or malfunction but, even when they deploy as intended, they can cause injuries. Consider this: the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration recently recalled 67 million airbags from more than 42 million vehicles in the U. S. in what the NHTSH has called the “largest and most complex safety recall in U. S. history. ” The airbags, made by major parts supplier Takata, were installed in cars mostly from 2002 to 2015. At least 25 people have been killed and hundreds injured due to faulty Takate inflators. If you have been injured or a loved one has been killed due to airbag, you may be entitled to substantial compensation. Our Fort Worth airbag injury lawyer at Varghese Summersett can evaluate your case and determine if you have a valid claim. In this article, a Fort Worth airbag injury lawyer explains airbag injuries, the process for recovering compensation for your losses, and how our personal injury law firm can help. We offer free initial consultations and, if we take your case, you will never pay anything up front or out-of-pocket. We work on contingency, which means we only get paid if we recover a settlement or award for you. Common Airbag Injuries Airbags, while crucial in protecting occupants during vehicular accidents, can often cause injuries, particularly when they deploy improperly. With its vast network of roads and high traffic volumes, Texas has its fair share of these airbag-related injuries. Here are the most commonly reported types: Facial Injuries Facial injuries are among the most common types of injuries caused by airbags. These can range from minor cuts and bruises to more severe injuries like fractures. Eye Injuries Eye injuries can also be caused by airbag deployment. These injuries can range from minor irritations to more severe conditions such as corneal abrasions or retinal detachment. Chest and Abdominal Injuries The force exerted by an airbag can sometimes lead to chest or abdominal injuries, such as bruises, rib fractures, and internal injuries. Broken Bones The rapid deployment and significant force of airbags can result in broken bones. These are often seen in the upper body, such as in the arms, hands, and wrists, but also occasionally in the ribs or facial bones. Injuries to the Upper Extremities Apart from broken bones, other injuries to the arms, wrists, and hands are common, particularly if a person’s hand is over the airbag module at the time of its deployment. Burns Airbags use chemicals to inflate quickly, and this process can generate heat, which, in some cases, can cause burns to the face, chest, or arms. Respiratory Issues The powdery residue released by an airbag can cause or exacerbate respiratory issues, particularly in people with pre-existing respiratory conditions like asthma. Traumatic Brain Injuries... > Experienced Fort Worth catastrophic injury lawyer. Helping clients receive the compensation they deserve. Call (817) 207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/catastrophic-injuries/ Catastrophic Injury Lawyer: We Bring Accountability Catastrophic injuries can be physically, emotionally, and financially devastating. These types of injuries often result in permanent disability, ongoing medical care, and reduced quality of life. If you or a loved one has sustained catastrophic injuries due to the negligence or wrongdoing of another party, you may be entitled to significant compensation for your medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. At Varghese Summersett, we understand how traumatic a catastrophic injury can be. Our team will work diligently to get you the maximum recovery possible. If that means taking your case to trial, so be it. We stay ready. This is your life we are talking about — and we take our responsibility and representation to our clients seriously. Fort Worth Catastrophic Injury Lawyer, Also Serving Dallas and Houston In this article, a Fort Worth catastrophic injury lawyer explains catastrophic injuries, the legal process for recovering compensation in Texas, and how our law firm can help. Most importantly, hiring us will not cost you a dime upfront or out of pocket. We work on contingency, which means we don’t get paid unless you get paid. You have enough to worry about. Let us take care of the rest. What are Catastrophic Injuries? Catastrophic injuries are severe, life-altering injuries that typically involve permanent damage to the body. These types of injuries often result in long-term medical problems, rehabilitation, and an inability to return to work. Examples of catastrophic injuries include: Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI): TBIs can cause permanent brain damage and affect a person’s ability to think, communicate and move. Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI): SCIs can result in permanent paralysis, leaving someone quadriplegic or paraplegic. Amputations: Amputations involve the loss of a limb, such as a hand, leg or hand, due to trauma, infection, or disease. Burns: Burns can be incredibly painful and cause permanent disfigurement, scarring and long-term disability. Blindness: Blindness can be caused by trauma, infection or disease and often requires specialized medical care. Deafness: Deafness can be caused by trauma, infection or disease and may limit a person’s ability to communicate. Internal Injuries: Internal injuries can affect a person’s organs, such as their heart, lungs or kidneys. Multiple Fractures: Multiple broken bones may require extensive medical treatment, rehabilitation, and physical therapy. What are Common Causes of Catastrophic Injuries? Catastrophic injuries can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to: Car Accidents Motorcycle Accidents Truck Accidents Slip and Fall Accidents Construction Accidents Defective Products Dangerous Properties What is the Diagnosis and Treatment for Catastrophic Injuries in Texas? Diagnosing and treating catastrophic injuries can be a complex and lengthy process. It typically involves a thorough evaluation by medical professionals to determine the extent of the injury, followed by a comprehensive treatment plan. Treatment may include surgery, rehabilitation, and ongoing, longterm medical care. How Can a Fort Worth Catastrophic Injury Lawyer Help Me? A Fort Worth catastrophic injury lawyer can assist in several ways, including evaluating the case to determine... > Injured in a self-driving Tesla crash in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with Tesla car accident lawyers. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/tesla-car-accidents/ Tesla Car Accident Lawyers Tesla’s Autopilot mode is intended to make driving safer and easier, but for hundreds of people, it has been a source of hardship and tragedy. The Washington Post recently analyzed data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and found that there have been 736 crashes since 2019 involving Teslas in Autopilot mode. At least 17 people died in those crashes. The number of crashes has surged over the past four years, reflecting the increasing popularity of Tesla Autopilot and the hazards associated with autonomous driving technology. While Tesla CEO Elon Musk continues to push Autopilot’s capabilities, the company and its entities have failed to adequately address the safety concerns raised by these crashes, including technological issues and user error. If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a crash involving a self-driving Tesla, you may be entitled to substantial monetary compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. The Tesla car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group will fight to hold every responsible party accountable for your damages and losses. Autopilot Crashes & Fatalities Surge In this article, our Tesla car accident lawyer explains the risks associated with Tesla self-driving vehicles, who bears liability for catastrophic crashes, and how our law firm can help – all without any financial strain on you. Understanding Tesla and its Autopilot System Tesla Inc Tesla Inc. is an American electric vehicle and clean energy company based in Palo Alto, California. Founded in 2003, Tesla’s mission is to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy. The company is best known for its electric cars, but it also produces scalable clean energy generation and storage products. Tesla’s CEO, Elon Musk, is a pivotal figure in pushing forward the advancement of electric vehicles. Tesla’s Autopilot System Tesla’s Autopilot is a suite of advanced driver-assistance features offered by the company, designed with the aim of enhancing safety and convenience behind the wheel. Using a combination of sensors, cameras, and radar, coupled with artificial intelligence, Tesla’s vehicles are supposed to be able to interpret their environment and navigate the roadways. Despite its name, Tesla’s Autopilot is not a fully autonomous driving system. Instead, it is classified as a Level 2 autonomous system, meaning it can steer, accelerate, and brake under certain conditions, but it requires the driver’s full attention at all times. The features of Tesla’s Autopilot system include: Traffic-Aware Cruise Control: This feature allows the Tesla vehicle to maintain the driver’s chosen speed, slowing down or speeding up in response to the traffic ahead. Autosteer: This feature assists in steering within a clearly marked lane, and uses traffic-aware cruise control. Additional optional features, known as “Full Self-Driving Capability,” can be purchased, which include capabilities such as: Navigate on Autopilot: This feature enables automatic driving from highway on-ramp to off-ramp, including interchanges and overtaking slower cars. Auto Lane Change: While using Autosteer or Navigate on Autopilot, the vehicle can automatically change lanes. Autopark: This helps automatically park... > Intoxication assault in Texas is a third degree felony charge. Schedule a free consultation with Varghese Summersett right away. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-09-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/intoxication-assault/ Intoxication Assault In Texas Intoxication Assault, combined with Intoxication Manslaughter, are some of the most heart-wrenching cases we handle as Fort Worth DWI Lawyers. Unlike most criminal offense, these cases prosecute accidents that arise from the volitional act of becoming intoxicated. These cases are devastating to victims and their families, as well as the defendant and the defendant’s family. If you are facing charges for intoxication assault in Fort Worth, reach out to our dedicated attorneys for help. What is Intoxication Assault in Texas? Intoxication Assault is defined in Penal Code 49. 07. It occurs when someone causes serious bodily injury to another because the person was driving while intoxicated. These cases can be complex because there is often more than one cause of an accident. Prosecutors may counter some of these challenges to your case by adding additional charges. For instance, a prosecutor may add the following charges: Vehicular Manslaughter: Pursuant to Penal Code Section 19. 04, Vehicular Manslaughter occurs when a person causes the death of another person while recklessly operating a motor vehicle. This offense is a felony of the second degree. Reckless Driving: Pursuant to Transportation Code 545. 401, a person who recklessly operates a vehicle with disregard for the safety of others or property. This is a misdemeanor offense. Serious Bodily Injury Bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of function bodily member or organ. Tex. Pen. Code §1. 07(a)(46). Intoxication In Texas Intoxication Assault in Fort Worth Have you been charged with intoxication assault in Fort Worth? Retain our tenacious and experienced lawyers for help navigating your case. In this video, Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese explains possible defenses that can be raised to fight your charge. > Federal embezzlement under 18 USC 31 carries up to 30 years in prison. Mount an aggressive defense with Varghese Summersett. Call for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/fraud/embezzlement/ Fort Worth Federal Embezzlement Lawyer The distinguishing feature of embezzlement cases is that they involve a betrayal of trust. Put another way, embezzlement is a theft that occurs when someone entrusted with keeping property, usually money, takes it for himself. While private money is oftentimes protected using state theft statutes, which can be very serious, ‘public monies’ are protected under federal law. That term is defined under 18 USC 641 as “anything of value of the United States. ” That is not to say that governmental actors who use the force of their position to take private money are not also subject to federal prosecution. If are facing charges for a misappropriation of funds, it might be beneficial to speak to our team of hardworking and experienced attorneys. A Fort Worth federal embezzlement lawyer could walk you through the legal process and prepare you a defense that best suits your case. Public Monies Under federal law, prosecutors can establish embezzlement of public monies in many ways. One of the most common prosecution theories is a general prohibition of embezzlement under 18 USC 641 which prohibits a person from “knowingly convert to his use or the use of another... anything of value of the United States. ” Violators could be imprisoned up to 10 years. Other embezzlement statutes apply to particular individuals who have a duty to properly account for public monies. Under 18 USC 643 federal employees who receive public monies can be prosecuted for failure to render accounts for such monies. This is also considered embezzlement and carries up to 10 years. 18 USC 648 is a bit different. It doesn’t target public employees but persons charged with safekeeping of public monies, such as bank employees. They are also subject to a possible 10 years imprisonment if he or she takes money to which he or she was entrusted. Additionally, other offenses criminalize taking property that is meant for particular government programs such as financial assistance for employment opportunity or a healthcare program. See 18 USC 641-670. Private Monies Other crimes criminalize actions of depositaries, custodians, and federal employees to convert or take private money under the color of authority or abuse their access to private monies as an officer in a bank associated with the Federal Reserve. For example, 18 USC 656 prohibits employees and officers connected to any federal reserve bank, member bank, national bank or insured bank from embezzlement or purloin of the funds “entrusted to the custody or care of such bank. ” Yes, that is how the law spells ‘entrusted’ in that statute. This offense carries up to 30 years imprisonment. 18 USC 654 prohibits officers or employees of the United States from embezzling or converting property of another, “which comes into his possession or under his control in the execution of such office” to his own use. This offense also carries a potential for 10 years imprisonment. It is also illegal to solicit gifts to be offered for the benefit of the United... > Charged with sexual assault in Texas? Understand what you are up against and how to best defend yourself. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/sexual-assault/ A sex crime accusation in Texas can destroy everything you've built: your career, your family, your freedom, and your reputation. Whether you're facing allegations of sexual assault, indecency with a child, online solicitation, or any other sexual offense, understanding exactly what you're up against is the first critical step toward protecting your future. Texas law recognizes more than 25 distinct sex-related criminal offenses. Each has specific elements the prosecution must prove, different penalty ranges, and unique defense strategies. This comprehensive guide explains every sexual assault in Texas under the Penal Code in complete detail, including what prosecutors must prove, the exact penalties you face, typical bond amounts in Tarrant County, and how experienced defense attorneys fight these charges. If you've been accused of any sexual offense in Texas, do not speak to police, investigators, or anyone else without legal representation. Sex crime investigations are often built on your own statements. Everything you say can and will be used against you. Call (817) 203-2220 immediately for a free, confidential consultation with an experienced sex crimes defense attorney. How Texas Classifies Sex Offenses Before examining each offense in detail, it's important to understand how Texas classifies and punishes sex crimes. The severity of punishment depends on the classification: Classification Incarceration Range Maximum Fine Capital Felony Death or Life Without Parole N/A First Degree Felony 5 to 99 years or life in prison $10,000 Second Degree Felony 2 to 20 years in prison $10,000 Third Degree Felony 2 to 10 years in prison $10,000 State Jail Felony 180 days to 2 years in state jail $10,000 Class A Misdemeanor Up to 1 year in county jail $4,000 Class B Misdemeanor Up to 180 days in county jail $2,000 Class C Misdemeanor No jail time $500 Many sex offenses also carry mandatory sex offender registration, which can last 10 years, 25 years, or a lifetime depending on the offense. Registration requirements affect where you can live, work, and travel, and failure to comply is itself a felony. Sexual Assault Offenses Against Adults Texas law defines several distinct offenses involving sexual conduct with adults. The primary distinction between these offenses relates to the nature of the conduct, whether force was used, and whether aggravating factors are present. Sexual Assault (Texas Penal Code § 22. 011) Texas Penal Code § 22. 011 defines sexual assault as the penetration of another person's sexual organ or anus without consent, or the penetration of another person's mouth with a sexual organ without consent. This offense encompasses what other states may call "rape. " Elements the Prosecution Must Prove To secure a conviction for sexual assault, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that: The defendant intentionally or knowingly caused penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person, OR caused the sexual organ of another person to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person (including the defendant), OR caused the mouth of the defendant to contact the anus or sexual organ of... > Was your child injured due to someone else's negligence? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with a Fort Worth child injury lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/child-injuries/ Fort Worth Child Injury Lawyer | Do This if Your Child is Injured As a parent, we do everything in our power to protect our children. We hope and pray that nothing serious or traumatic ever happens to them. But life is unpredictable and accidents and injuries can and do happen – often due to someone else’s negligence, recklessness, or even criminal behavior. When the unthinkable or unexpected happens to your child, it’s only natural to want to hold the responsible party accountable. That’s where a Fort Worth child injury lawyer comes in. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we understand that there is nothing more precious or important in your life than your child. Our team will fight to ensure that your child receives the justice and compensation they deserve. Whether they were injured in a vehicle accident, school setting, or in a public place, we have the experience and expertise to handle even the most complex and heart-wrenching child injury cases. In this article, our Fort Worth child injury lawyer explains negligent child injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Importantly, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett work on contingency, which means you will never pay us anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We are only paid if, and when, we get compensation for you. We know you and your child are going through a difficult time and we will never add to your financial or emotional distress. Common Types of Negligent Child Injuries Personal injury cases involving minors often stem from the negligence, recklessness, or misconduct of another party or entity. Examples of such cases include: Playground Injuries Playground injuries are a common type of negligent child injury, often resulting from poorly maintained equipment, inadequate supervision, or unsafe surfaces. Injuries can range from minor cuts and bruises to more severe fractures, dislocations, and head injuries. Ensuring that play areas are properly maintained, age-appropriate, and supervised can help reduce the risk of playground injuries. School-Related Injuries Schools have a duty to provide a safe environment for children. Negligent school-related injuries can occur due to inadequate supervision, lack of safety measures, or hazardous conditions on the school premises. These may include slips and falls, sports injuries, or accidents during field trips. It is essential for schools to follow safety protocols and maintain a vigilant staff to minimize such incidents. These incidents may involve broken bones, head injuries, or emotional trauma. Car or Bus Accidents Children can suffer injuries in car accidents due to negligence, such as improper use of child safety seats, reckless driving, or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Injuries can range from minor to life-threatening, depending on the severity of the accident. Ensuring proper use of safety restraints, obeying traffic rules, and practicing safe driving habits can help prevent car accident-related child injuries. Dog Bites or Animal Attacks Dog bites and animal attacks can lead to severe injuries, including puncture wounds, infections, and even psychological trauma. These incidents may... > Are you facing an unlawful carry charge in Dallas? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with one of the top Dallas unlawful carry lawyers in North Texas. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/unlawful-carry-weapon/ Dallas Unlawful Carry Lawyer | Best Defense What is unlawful carry of a weapon in Dallas? Unlawful carry of a weapon refers to offenses involving the illegal possession of a handgun or illegal knife in Texas. Generally, this is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas, but it can become a third-degree felony under certain circumstances, as covered in Texas Penal Code Section 46. 02. An experienced Dallas unlawful carry lawyer will help explain what contributed to any enhanced charges in your case. This post explains the unlawful carry of a weapon charge in Dallas, UCW cases with people with a license to carry, and how Texas laws have recently changed. Are you facing an unlawful carry of a weapon charge in Dallas? Varghese Summersett's experienced defense team is here to help. How does Texas define unlawful carry of a weapon? Texas Penal Code 46. 02 and 46. 04 make it a crime for people to carry or possess a handgun if they are younger than 21 or have been convicted of a violent offense such as assault causing bodily injury, deadly conduct, disorderly conduct discharge of a firearm, or terroristic threat, or has committed such an offense in the previous five years, except on their property or directly en route to their motor vehicle or watercraft. Others barred from carrying a handgun include: An intoxicated person except on the person's property or while inside or directly en route to the person's vehicle or watercraft A person restricted from possessing a firearm under the Unlawful Possession of Firearm penal code 46. 04(a), (b), or (c) unless on the person's property or inside or directly en route to the person's vehicle or watercraft A member of a criminal street gang (as defined by Penal Code 71. 01) What's the punishment for unlawful carry of a weapon in Dallas? Unlawful carry of a weapon in Texas is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a $4,000 fine. The punishment range, however, is increased to a third-degree felony if the person illegally carries a handgun on a premise permitted by the state to sell alcohol. A felony charge ranges in punishment between two and 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. A Dallas unlawful carry lawyer will help reduce the severity of the punishment in these cases. Can you legally carry a handgun in Dallas? As of September 1, 2021, Texas law does not require people 21 or older to have a license to carry handguns in most public places. Qualified owners may carry guns wherever they aren't prohibited. A UCW charge is a serious offense that could have life-altering consequences. Anyone facing this charge should find a Dallas unlawful carry lawyer as soon as possible. The criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett has unmatched experience fighting for clients in North Texas. Is it legal to remove a handgun from its holster in public? Yes, there are instances in which removing a handgun from its... > Injured in an explosion or fire? Our Texas explosion injury lawyers find out who's responsible and protect the evidence. Free, confidential consult. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-05-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/explosion-injuries/ Texas Explosion Lawyer If someone you love was hurt in an explosion or fire, you are likely frightened, exhausted, and searching for answers no one has given you yet. We have been here with families like yours, including 62 people harmed or displaced in The Cooper apartments fire and a victim of the downtown Fort Worth hotel explosion. You do not have to figure this out alone. Call now for a free, confidential consultation. You Have a Hundred Questions Right Now In the hours and days after an explosion, families tell us the same things. Will my husband make it through the night? Why did this happen? Was it preventable? Who let this happen? How will we pay for any of this? What do we do next? Those questions are exactly the right ones to be asking, and you deserve real answers, not a runaround from an insurance company or a property manager protecting itself. This page is here to answer the questions weighing on you most: who could be responsible, how anyone actually finds out what happened, and why our experience investigating these cases matters for your family. When you are ready, a conversation with us is free and there is no pressure. Call now to talk with a Texas explosion lawyer. Who Is Responsible for an Explosion or Fire? This is usually the first question families ask, and it rarely has a simple answer. Explosions and fires are almost never the fault of a single person. The responsible parties are often companies that cut corners and then point fingers at each other. Depending on what happened, accountability may rest with one or more of the following: Property owners and management companies that ignored maintenance, blocked exits, or disabled safety systems. Gas utilities that failed to find or fix a leak, or allowed a line to become overpressurized. Contractors and subcontractors, including unlicensed or unsupervised workers sent to do dangerous jobs, as alleged in The Cooper fire. Manufacturers of a defective appliance, valve, or piece of equipment. Employers and industrial operators that skipped safety training or protocols at a plant, refinery, or job site. You should not have to untangle this on your own, and you should not take a company's word for who is at fault. That is our job, and it starts with a real investigation. How Do You Find Out What Really Happened? The truth does not surface by itself. Evidence disappears fast after an explosion. Debris gets cleared, scenes get cleaned, surveillance footage gets overwritten, and the companies involved begin building their version of events within days. The sooner a lawyer starts investigating, the more of the truth can be preserved. Here is how we approach it: We move quickly to lock down the scene and the evidence before it is altered or destroyed, and we send formal notices requiring it be preserved. We work alongside fire marshals, investigators, and engineers to reconstruct what failed and why, rather than waiting for someone else's conclusions. We... > Arrested for prostitution, solicitation or promotion? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas prostitution lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/prostitution/ A Dallas prostitution lawyer can help you fight charges that carry jail time, heavy fines, and a permanent criminal record. In Texas, solicitation of prostitution is now a felony, even for first-time offenders. If you've been arrested, you need an experienced defense attorney who understands how these cases are investigated and prosecuted in Dallas County. At Varghese Summersett, we've defended hundreds of people accused of sex crimes. Our team includes board-certified criminal defense lawyers with decades of experience handling prostitution, solicitation, and promotion cases. We know how police build these cases through online stings and undercover operations. More importantly, we know how to challenge the evidence and fight for the best possible outcome. We have had numerous prostitution charges reduced, dismissed, and no-billed. Varghese Summersett is the team you want to have on your side. What are the laws against prostitution in Texas? Texas law distinguishes between three types of prostitution offenses: the person offering sex for money (the prostitute), the person paying for sex (the "john"), and the person managing or promoting prostitution (the pimp or madam). Each carries different penalties under the Texas Penal Code Chapter 43. What is prostitution under Texas Penal Code 43. 02? Under Texas Penal Code 43. 02, a person commits prostitution by knowingly offering or agreeing to receive money for sexual conduct. The law does not require that sex actually occurs. Simply agreeing to the exchange is enough for an arrest. Prostitution is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine. With a prior conviction, it becomes a Class A misdemeanor with up to one year in jail and a $4,000 fine. Three or more prior convictions elevate the charge to a state jail felony. What is solicitation of prostitution in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code 43. 021, a person commits solicitation of prostitution by knowingly offering or agreeing to pay someone for sexual conduct. This law targets buyers, not sellers. In 2021, Texas became the first state to make solicitation a felony for all offenders. Punishment for solicitation: First offense: State jail felony with 180 days to 2 years in state jail and up to $10,000 fine Prior conviction: Third-degree felony with 2 to 10 years in prison and up to $10,000 fine Involving a minor (or believed minor): Second-degree felony with 2 to 20 years in prison and up to $10,000 fine This shift in the law means that people caught in online prostitution stings now face felony charges that can permanently alter their lives. If you've been arrested, talk to a Dallas prostitution lawyer before speaking to police. Watch: Prostitution vs. Solicitation Explained Dallas prostitution lawyer Benson Varghese, a Board Certified Criminal Defense Lawyer, explains the difference between prostitution and solicitation under Texas law. https://youtu. be/naeI9VHfT20 What is promotion of prostitution? Under Texas Penal Code 43. 03, a person commits promotion of prostitution by receiving money from prostitution proceeds or soliciting someone to engage in sexual conduct with a third party for... > A probation violation puts your freedom at risk. You need the best Dallas probation revocation lawyer on your side. Call Varghese Summersett for a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/probation-revocation/ Dallas Probation Revocation Defense What is probation revocation in Dallas? If you are on probation (community supervision) in Texas, the last thing you want is to hear the prosecutor, probation officer, or court is trying to "revoke" you. In this article, we will explore what that means and what you can do. What is a revocation? A probation revocation occurs when an individual on probation violates the terms and conditions of their probation. The violation can lead to the revocation of the probation and the imposition of the original sentence. How is a revocation filed? A probation revocation is initiated by the filing of a formal document known as a Motion to Revoke Probation. This motion is filed by the State of Texas against an individual who is on probation or community supervision. The motion details when, where, and how a probation violation or violations took place. What happens after a revocation is filed? A probation violation can quickly turn your life upside down and worsen the original charge. If you're facing a revocation, you must consult our established Dallas probation revocation lawyer immediately. Once the motion is filed, an arrest warrant is typically issued. These warrants are not public and individuals are often arrested only when they show up to the probation officer. The individual on probation can then be arrested and held in county jail until a revocation hearing is scheduled. The revocation hearing is held by a judge, not a jury. Am I entitled to a bond? If you are on straight probation, you have already been convicted so the judge does not have to set a bond. With that said, most judges will consider allowing you to bond out. What are the possible outcomes to a revocation? In a Probation Revocation Hearing in Texas, the terms "True," "Not True," and "True-But" are used instead of "guilty" or "not guilty. " Here's what they generally mean: "True": This is similar to pleading guilty in a criminal trial. By pleading "True," you're admitting that you violated the terms of your probation as alleged by the prosecutor. "Not True": This is similar to pleading not guilty in a criminal trial. By pleading "Not True," you're denying that you violated the terms of your probation as alleged by the prosecutor. "True-But": This term isn't standard, but it might be used to admit to the violation while also providing an explanation, justification, or mitigating circumstances for the violation. It's similar to pleading guilty but offering an explanation for your actions. A probation officer or the State can request to revoke someone's probation and sentence them. The judge may agree and sentence them, sanction them, or even reinstate the person on probation. If a judge revokes your probation, the consequences can be severe. The severity of the punishment is often directly related to the type of probation infraction. Missing a meeting with your probation officer because your child was sick might result in a sanction and perhaps a night in jail. However,... > Injured in a head-on crash in North Texas? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth head-on crash lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/head-on-accidents/ Fort Worth Head-On Crash Lawyer | Wrong Way Wreck Head-on crashes are among the most dangerous types of car accidents in Texas, resulting in hundreds of deaths each year. People who are lucky enough to survive a head-on crash often suffer from lifelong injuries or permanent disability. Victims may require extensive medical treatment and lengthy rehabilitation, affecting their ability to work, maintain relationships, and enjoy life as they once did. All the while, the medical bills keep piling up, creating and compounding a financial hardship that seems impossible to bear. But survivors of head-on crashes in Texas do not have to shoulder this burden alone. The law allows for victims of negligent accidents to seek compensation for their injuries and losses. This can include coverage for medical expenses, loss of earnings, pain and suffering, and more. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we specialize in catastrophic accidents like head-on crashes. Our team understands the devastating impact these crashes can have and are committed to fighting for the rights of victims who were wronged through no fault of their own. In this post, our Fort Worth head-on crash lawyer explains common causes of head-on collisions, the process for recovering compensation, and how we can help – at no cost to you. Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group works on contingency, which means we get paid only after we recover compensation for you. This means you will never pay anything up-front or out-of-pocket. Common Causes of Head-On Crashes Head-on crashes are often the result of negligence, recklessness, or error on the part of one or more drivers. Some of the most common causes of these accidents in Texas include: Distracted Driving This is a leading cause of all types of car accidents, including head-on collisions. Drivers who are texting, talking on the phone, using GPS, eating, or otherwise not paying full attention to the road can easily drift into oncoming traffic. Drunk Driving Alcohol impairs judgment, reaction time, and motor control, making drunk driving a major cause of head-on or wrong-way crashes. Drunk drivers may swerve into the wrong lane or even drive the wrong way on a road or highway. Fatigue Drowsy driving is a serious problem, particularly among commercial truck drivers and those on long road trips. Fatigue can cause drivers to fall asleep at the wheel or have slower reaction times, both of which can lead to a head-on crash. Speeding and Reckless Driving Drivers who are speeding may lose control of their vehicles, particularly on curves or in poor weather conditions. This can result in crossing over into oncoming traffic. Similarly, reckless driving behaviors such as improper passing or road rage can also cause head-on collisions. Poor Road Conditions Poorly maintained roads, lack of clear signage, or unexpected obstacles can contribute to head-on crashes. For instance, a driver may swerve into oncoming traffic to avoid a pothole or a fallen tree. Incorrect Passing On two-lane roads, drivers often cause head-on collisions by trying to pass without sufficient visibility or... > Need a Texas interstate car accident lawyer? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how our personal injury lawyers can help you receive compensation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/interstate-accidents/ Interstate Car Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas Interstate car accidents in Texas are often very serious because of the typical speed involved. Most Texas interstates have speed limits between 65 and 80 mph, so collisions can be violent and deadly. Big trucks and 18-wheelers are common on major roadways, adding to the potential hazards. And unfortunately, accidents on Texas’ major highways are all too common, resulting in severe injuries and fatalities. It’s essential to understand how to react if you’re the unfortunate victim of such an accident. Being prepared and knowing your rights is crucial in these situations. This article will discuss common causes, injuries, steps to take after an accident, legal options, and how our Texas interstate car accident lawyers can help. The Varghese Summersett, personal injury team, has a deep understanding of victim’s rights laws in Texas and has a reputation for relentlessly fighting for our clients. We can help you. Common Causes of Texas Interstate Car Accidents Speeding: Excessive speed is a leading cause of accidents on interstate highways. High speeds can make it difficult for drivers to react in time to avoid collisions, increasing the risk of severe accidents. Distracted driving: Includes actions such as texting or using a phone while driving, which are significant causes of interstate car accidents. It’s crucial to stay focused on the road and avoid distractions to reduce the risk of accidents. Aggressive driving: Includes tailgating and frequent lane changes, which can contribute to interstate car accidents. Maintaining a safe following distance and being aware of other drivers can help prevent these incidents. Weather conditions: Heavy rain or fog can make driving on interstates more dangerous. Adjusting your speed and driving style according to the conditions to stay safe is essential. Common Injuries from Interstate Accidents Interstate car accidents can result in various injuries, some of which may be severe or life-altering. Here are some common injuries: Whiplash: Whiplash is a common neck injury caused by the rapid back-and-forth movement of the head during a collision. Symptoms can include pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the neck. Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs): These can occur when the head is struck or violently shaken during a car accident. TBIs can range from mild concussions to severe brain damage. Spinal cord injuries: These can happen when the spine is damaged during a car accident, potentially leading to paralysis or other long-term disabilities. Broken bones: Fractures to the arms, legs, ribs, or other parts of the body are another common injury in interstate car accidents. Steps to Take After an Interstate Car Accident Check for injuries: Make sure you and any passengers are safe and assess any injuries. Call for help: Call 911 to report the accident and request medical assistance if needed. Document the scene: Take photos of the damage and gather contact information from other drivers and witnesses. Contact a Texas interstate car accident lawyer: Seek legal advice to understand your rights and protect your interests. Legal Options After an... > Have you been accused of harassment in Texas? If so, you need an experienced Dallas harassment lawyer defending your rights. Call Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/harassment/ Harassment is a criminal offense in Texas that carries real jail time, a permanent record, and consequences that follow you for years. If you've been charged with harassment in Dallas, you need an experienced criminal defense attorney on your side immediately. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most decorated criminal defense firms. Our team includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys, 70+ legal professionals across four offices, and a track record of more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions. We have handled hundreds of harassment and threatening communications cases in Dallas County and know exactly how prosecutors approach these charges. You've Seen Us On What is Harassment Under Texas Law? Harassment is governed by Texas Penal Code § 42. 07. The law makes it a crime for a person to intentionally contact another person by telephone, electronic communication, or any other method with the intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass. The key word is intent. Accidents and misunderstandings are not crimes. But when a prosecutor believes the intent was there, they will move forward with charges. These charges often arise from breakups, custody disputes, workplace conflicts, or online arguments that spiral into repeated contact. A single complaint from the alleged victim is sometimes enough for police to make an arrest. That does not mean the evidence holds up in court. What Are the Elements the State Must Prove? To convict you of harassment, the State of Texas must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden rests entirely on the prosecution. You have no obligation to prove your innocence. Under Texas Penal Code § 42. 07(a), prosecutors must establish: You intentionally initiated communication (by phone, electronic message, or other means) You made or permitted contact with another person The communication included obscene language, a threat of bodily harm, a false report of death or injury, or repeated messages The purpose was to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass Each element must be proven independently. If the defense can create reasonable doubt about any one of them, the case falls apart. A skilled attorney will examine whether the messages truly show harassing intent, whether phone records contradict the accuser's story, or whether the communications fall under a protected category. What Are Examples of Harassment in Texas? Texas law covers a broad range of conduct. Under § 42. 07(a), harassment includes making obscene phone calls, texts, or emails; threatening bodily harm in writing or by phone; falsely reporting a death or serious injury to alarm someone; making a phone ring repeatedly; sending repeated messages that are reasonably likely to harass or torment the recipient; calling and hanging up; and publishing repeated electronic communications on social media or the internet in a manner likely to cause emotional distress (unless related to a matter of public concern). The statute also makes it a crime to knowingly allow your phone to be used by another person to commit any of these acts. That means you can be... > Get the legal help you need after a highway accident anywhere in Texas. Contact our experienced Highway Accident Attorney at Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/highway-accidents/ Fort Worth Highway Crash Attorney Fort Worth Highway Accident Lawyer: How We Can Help You As highways become increasingly crowded, the risk of accidents and collisions also increases. Being involved in a highway accident can be a life-changing event, resulting in serious injuries or even death. That’s why having a Fort Worth highway crash attorney on your side is crucial to help you navigate the legal system and fight for the compensation you deserve. Accidents in Fort Worth In Fort Worth, Texas, some areas with higher accident rates include: Interstate 35W (I-35W) – This major highway runs through Fort Worth and sees heavy traffic, which can lead to more accidents. Interstate 20 (I-20) – Another heavily trafficked highway that intersects with I-35W, this area can also have a higher number of accidents. Interstate 30 (I-30) – Running through downtown Fort Worth, this highway can be congested, leading to a higher likelihood of accidents. High-traffic intersections – Busy intersections, such as those on University Drive, Camp Bowie Boulevard, and Hulen Street, can be prone to accidents due to heavy traffic and complex traffic patterns. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the importance of having an experienced and skilled attorney represent you after a highway accident. We have a team of dedicated personal injury lawyers, car accident attorneys, and wrongful death lawyers who have built their reputations based on their results and their willingness to go to trial by jury when necessary. We have helped countless clients throughout Texas get the compensation they deserve after being involved in a highway accident. This article examines the different types of highway accidents, the common causes, the potential compensation for victims, and recent Texas highway accident statistics. Types of Highway Accidents in Texas Highway accidents can take many forms, and each type of accident can result in different injuries and damages. Here are some of the most common types of highway accidents in Texas: Rear-End Collisions Rear-end collisions occur when a vehicle hits the vehicle in front of it. These accidents are often caused by distracted driving, speeding, or following too closely. Head-On Collisions Head-on collisions occur when two vehicles collide front-to-front. These accidents can be particularly devastating and often result in serious injuries or death. Rollover Accidents Rollover accidents occur when a vehicle rolls over onto its roof or side. These accidents can be caused by speeding, reckless driving, or poor road conditions. Side-Impact Collisions Side-impact collisions, also known as T-bone accidents, occur when another vehicle hits a vehicle on its side. These accidents are often caused by drivers running red lights or stop signs. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, there were over 14,000 serious injury crashes on Texas highways in 2019. These accidents resulted in over 17,000 people sustaining serious injuries. What Causes Most Highway Accidents in Texas? There are many factors that can contribute to highway accidents in Texas. Here are some of the most common causes: Distracted Driving Distracted driving occurs when a driver is not paying attention to the... > Did you violate your probation? Call today for a free consultation with a Dallas probation violation lawyer. 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/probation-violation/ Dallas Probation Violation Lawyer | Probation Revocation Attorney Dallas Probation Violation Lawyer Serving Dallas and Surrounding Counties Is the State alleging you violated probation? Maybe it was a simple mistake or a momentary lapse in judgment. Regardless, your freedom may be in jeopardy. The best thing you can do is get out in front of it by contacting an experienced Dallas probation lawyer as soon as possible. At Varghese Summersett, we have successfully defended dozens of clients accused of violating their probation. We know how to navigate the probation system, and we will do everything in our power to get you back on track and on with your life. In this blog post, our team of experienced criminal attorneys will explain common probation violations and possible ramifications for breaking the rules, and answer frequently asked questions. What is a probation violation? When people are put on probation or deferred adjudication probation, they are essentially given a second chance. In exchange for not going to jail or prison, they agree to follow certain rules set forth by the court. These conditions are typically designed to help the offender rehabilitate and become a productive member of society. However, probation is still a form of punishment, and if you violate the terms of your probation, you may be subject to harsher penalties, including jail time. What are common probation violations in Dallas? A probation violation can be any number of things, but some of the most common include: Missing a meeting with your probation officer Failing a drug test Failing to complete court-ordered community service Failing to pay court fines or restitution Traveling out of state without prior approval from your probation officer Getting arrested for a new crime Associating with known criminals What happens if you violate a condition of your probation in Dallas? When a probationer fails to comply with the conditions of their probation (straight probation or deferred adjudication probation), their probation officer can give them a warning, ask the judge for sanctions, or file a motion with the court to revoke or adjudicate their probation. If you are facing a probation violation, contact a skilled Dallas probation violation lawyer as soon as possible. Our team at Varghese Summersett will review the circumstances of the alleged violation(s) and explain your legal options moving forward. What are probation sanctions? Probation sanctions are punishments that can be imposed on a probationer for violating the terms of their probation. For example, if someone misses a meeting with their probation officer, they may be given a sanction, such as a weekend in jail. Oftentimes, probationers are given several sanctions before a motion to revoke their probation is filed - unless they are arrested on a new charge in which case a motion to revoke is almost always immediately filed. Common probation sanctions include: Requiring the offender to serve time in jail Extending the length of probation Imposing additional conditions on probation (i. e. , drug testing, community service, etc. ) Suspending driving privileges Requiring... > Was your child injured in a daycare accident in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth daycare injury lawyer at 817-207-4878 (HURT) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/daycare-injuries/ Fort Worth Daycare Injury Lawyer One of the hardest parts of being a working parent is entrusting your child to the care of someone else. When you drop off your child at daycare, you expect them to be safe and protected, cared for in a nurturing environment, until you pick them up to take them home. Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case. Daycare accidents and injuries are a parent’s worst nightmare. If your child has been injured in a daycare accident due to negligence, or suffered abuse at the hands of an employee, you may be able to take legal action. The Fort Worth daycare injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett will fight to hold every person or entity who bears any responsibility for your child’s injuries accountable. In this article, our Fort Worth daycare injury lawyer explains daycare injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help – without any upfront or out-of-pocket cost to you. In fact, you will never receive a bill for our services. What is a Daycare Accident Injury Lawyer? A daycare accident injury lawyer is an attorney who represents parents seeking justice and compensation for children who have been injured due to negligence or abuse at a daycare facility or afterschool program. Our Fort Worth daycare injury lawyers have extensive knowledge of personal injury claims, daycare regulations, and the legal process required to hold negligent parties responsible. If you believe your child was injured while in a North Texas daycare, call 817-207-4878 to speak with an experienced Fort Worth daycare injury lawyer. What Are Common Causes of Daycare Accidents? Daycare accidents can happen for a variety of reasons. Some common causes of daycare accidents include: Inadequate supervision: Children need constant supervision to prevent accidents from happening. If a daycare center is understaffed or the staff is not properly trained, children can be left unsupervised, which can lead to accidents. Defective equipment or toys: If a daycare center uses equipment or toys that are defective or not age-appropriate, children can be injured while using them. Unsafe environment: If a daycare center is not properly maintained, children can be injured by hazards such as exposed wiring, sharp corners, or broken furniture. Negligent hiring or training of staff: If a daycare center does not properly screen its staff or train them on how to care for children, children can be put in danger. Failure to properly respond to a child’s medical needs: If a child becomes ill or injured while in a daycare center’s care, the staff should respond quickly and appropriately. If they fail to do so, the child’s condition can worsen. Physical, sexual or emotional abuse of a child: If a daycare center staff member physically or emotionally abuses a child, it can cause serious and long-lasting harm. What Should You Do if Your Child Has Been Injured in a Daycare Accident? If your child has been injured in a daycare accident, there are several essential steps you should take to position... > Arrested for UUMV in Dallas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/unauthorized-use-of-a-motor-vehicle/ Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle Defense What Is the Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle (UUMV) in Dallas? Under Section 31. 07 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits unauthorized use of a motor vehicle if he or she: intentionally or knowingly operates another person's motor-propelled vehicle, boat, or airplane without the effective consent of the owner. It's a pretty straightforward statute, but there are a couple of things to point out. Notice that this statute doesn't just apply to vehicles. It also applies to boats and planes, so if you were to take someone's boat for a spin around the lake without permission, you could be charged with UUMV. Secondly, it's important to point out that the statute doesn't specify if the owner ever gave consent - only that the defendant operated a vehicle "without the effective consent of the owner. " Let's say your friend let you borrow their car to run to the convenience store, but you kept it overnight - and they have been calling you and demanding that you return it. At that point, law enforcement would contend that you were operating the vehicle without the owner's consent and, therefore, meet the elements of the UUMV statute. Dallas Unathauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle Lawyer, Serving Dallas and the Surrounding Areas In Dallas, it's not uncommon to hear about kids taking their parent's car without permission - or "joyriding. " It is also not uncommon for someone to borrow a friend or relative's vehicle and then fail to return it when expected. Under Texas law, both scenarios could be considered Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle, or UUMV. In this article, our attorneys will explain the offense of Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle in Dallas, the potential penalties for a UUMV conviction, and some possible defenses to the charge. If you have been arrested for UUMV, it's essential to contact a skilled Dallas Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle lawyer as soon as possible. This charge is a felony that can negatively impact your future and leave you with a criminal record. A lapse in judgment should not derail the rest of your life, which is why we fight to deliver the most favorable outcome possible for our clients. What's the Punishment for Unauthorized Use of a Motor Vehicle in Dallas? The crime of UUMV Dallas is a state jail felony, punishable by 6 months to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. State Jail Felony Punishment in Texas What are the Collateral Consequences of a UUMV Conviction? In addition to possible jail time and fines, a conviction for UUMV can lead to several collateral consequences. Any felony conviction can result in losing voting rights and the right to possess a firearm. A UUMV conviction will also appear on background checks, making it challenging to obtain a job, school loans, or housing. The best way to avoid collateral consequences is to avoid a conviction altogether, which is... > Been accused of falsifying a drug test or using a falsification device? If so, you need a top Dallas falsified drug test lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/falsifying-drug-test/ Falsifying A Drug Test (2023) | Criminal Defense Is Falsifying a Drug Test Illegal in Dallas? So you have a drug test coming up? Whether you've been asked to take the drug test for a job or it's a term of your bond or probation, you might feel the urge to look for a way to beat the test. In either scenario, falsifying a drug test is illegal in Texas. Of course, that doesn't stop people from trying, as the results in a quick Google search make it very clear. Many of these tips, tricks, potions, and pills don't work and are a scam. And often, the person falsifying a drug test has a much bigger problem on their hands when caught than if they had just taken the test fairly. If you have been accused of falsifying a drug test, you need a top Dallas falsified drug test lawyer. What is considered falsifying a drug test in Dallas? Texas Health and Safety Code Section 481. 133 says an individual commits a falsification of a drug test offense by knowingly or intentionally: (a) Uses or possesses with intent to use any substance or device designed to falsify drug test results. (b) Delivers, possesses with intent to deliver or manufactures with intent to deliver a substance or device designed to falsify drug test results. (c) "Drug test” means a lawfully administered test designed to detect the presence of a controlled substance or marijuana. What is the punishment for falsifying a drug test in Dallas County? Using or possessing a drug test falsification device or substance, including fake urine or a urinator, is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in jail and a $2,000 fine. Delivering or manufacturing such a device or substance is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. What are some creative ways people tried (but failed) to beat a drug test in Texas? The best way to beat a drug test, of course, is to stop using drugs. (Thanks, mom! ) Short of that, however, Texans have gotten resourceful in falsifying a drug test. Here’s a rundown of some recent Texas arrests of people caught trying to falsify drug test results: In January 2023, a San Juan man on trial for murder was arrested for a false drug test after a probation officer observed him using a plastic bottle with urine during a random test in Hidalgo County. In December 2022, a 23-year-old San Angelo man was arrested for possessing a drug test-falsification device. In November 2022, a Wichita Falls man was arrested for a parole violation and possession of a drug test-falsification device when officers found a plastic bladder with a tube that ran down his stomach taped to his shirt near his rib cage. The waterproof bladder had a hand warmer duct-taped to it. His parole officer reported he was not planning on testing the man that day. In August 2022, two women in... > Our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorney team combines former Dallas prosecutors with Board Certified Criminal Lawyers to best defend your case/ - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-06-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/ If you're facing criminal charges in Dallas, you need an attorney who will fight aggressively for your freedom. Varghese Summersett is home to more Board Certified criminal law specialists than any other defense firm in Dallas, with a proven record of dismissed cases, acquittals, and reduced charges across Dallas County and North Texas. A criminal accusation can turn your life upside down. You may be out on bond with restrictions on where you can go and who you can see. Your job, your family, and your future hang in the balance. The system is stacked against you, and prosecutors have virtually unlimited resources. You cannot fight this alone. At Varghese Summersett, we've built our reputation one case at a time. Our Dallas criminal defense attorneys have secured hundreds of dismissals, acquittals, and favorable outcomes for clients facing everything from misdemeanor charges to capital murder. We understand what's at stake because we've seen it firsthand in more than 550 jury trials. Why Dallas Clients Choose Varghese Summersett Choosing a criminal defense attorney is one of the most important decisions you'll ever make. Here's what sets our team apart. Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists. Five of our attorneys hold Board Certification in Criminal Law from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction earned by less than 1% of Texas lawyers. Anna Summersett, Benson Varghese, Letty Martinez, Lisa Herrick, and Tanya Dohoney have each demonstrated exceptional skill and knowledge in criminal defense. Former Prosecutors Who Know the System. Several of our attorneys previously served as state and federal prosecutors. This insider knowledge helps us anticipate the prosecution's strategies and build defenses that address their strongest arguments head-on. Over 100 Years of Combined Experience. Our team has handled thousands of criminal cases in Dallas County, Collin County, and courts throughout Texas. We've tried more than 550 cases to juries and have the trial experience that makes prosecutors think twice before taking a case against our clients. State and Federal Court Defense. We represent clients in Texas state courts and federal courts, including the Northern District of Texas and Eastern District of Texas. Whether you're facing state felony charges or a federal indictment, we have the experience to defend you. A Track Record That Speaks for Itself. Our results include hundreds of dismissals, acquittals, and reduced charges. More than 900 clients have left 5-star Google reviews describing their experience with our firm. Criminal Charges We Defend in Dallas Our Dallas criminal defense lawyers handle the full range of criminal accusations in Texas courts. We defend clients facing: DWI and Intoxication Offenses Texas takes drunk driving seriously, and the consequences of a conviction can follow you for years. Our attorneys challenge breath tests, blood draws, field sobriety tests, and the legality of traffic stops to protect your driving privileges and your record. DWI Defense Second DWI Offense DWI with Deadly Weapon Intoxication Assault Intoxication Manslaughter Assault and Violent Crimes Violent crime charges carry severe penalties in Texas, including lengthy prison sentences. We examine every detail... > Involved in a multi-vehicle accident in Texas? Our skilled multi-vehicle accident lawyer can help you seek compensation. Call us today to set up a consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/multi-vehicle-accident-lawyer/ Texas Multi-Vehicle Accident Lawyer Multi-Vehicle Accident Lawyer: Navigating Complex Cases Being injured in a multi-vehicle accident can be horrifying and disorientating. The details of the wreck and determining who caused it is often complicated and time-consuming. As trial-tested and proven multi-vehicle accident lawyers, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett understand what it takes to succeed. We are committed to helping you navigate these cases and get the compensation you deserve. This article will explain the factors considered in determining fault in multi-car accidents and how our Varghese Summersett personal injury attorneys can help you. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WekB7knFEyU&t=1s Understanding Multi-Vehicle Accidents in Fort Worth Multi-vehicle car accidents involve more than two vehicles, and they can take many forms: Chain-Reaction Car Crashes Chain-reaction crashes occur when one car accident triggers a series of subsequent accidents. These often happen in heavy traffic or poor weather conditions when drivers cannot stop in time to avoid colliding with the cars in front of them. Multiple-Vehicle Accidents These accidents involve several vehicles colliding with each other in various ways. The collisions may be head-on, rear-end, or side-impact, causing extensive damage and injuries. Multi-Vehicle Fatal Wrecks Tragically, multi-vehicle accidents can lead to fatalities due to the high speeds often involved and the potential for secondary impacts. In these cases, a wrongful death claim may be necessary to pursue compensation for surviving family members. As Tarrant County grows in population, we’ve seen the number of multi-vehicle accidents increase. It is critical to have a knowledgeable multi-vehicle accident lawyer on your side. We will help you navigate the legal complexities specific to North Texas courts. What are the Common Causes of Multi-Car Accidents? Several factors can contribute to multi-vehicle accidents: Distracted driving Texting, eating, or engaging in other activities that take a driver’s attention away from the road can lead to multi-car accidents. Speeding Driving too fast for road conditions or exceeding the posted speed limit increases the risk of multi-vehicle collisions due to reduced reaction times and increased stopping distances. Tailgating Following too closely behind another vehicle does not provide enough space to stop safely in case of a sudden braking event, leading to chain-reaction crashes. Poor weather conditions Rain, fog, ice, or snow can reduce visibility and create slippery road surfaces, contributing to multi-car accidents. Texas Multi-Vehicle Accident Laws How is Negligence Determined? Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule, meaning that your compensation can be reduced if you’re found partially at fault for the accident. Each driver’s liability is determined based on their percentage of fault for the accident. Under the modified comparative negligence rule, a driver can only recover damages if their percentage of fault is less than 51%. If a driver is found to be 51% or more at fault, they are not entitled to recover damages from the other parties involved. However, if a driver is found to be less than 51% at fault, they can recover damages reduced by their percentage of fault. In multi-vehicle accidents, determining the percentage of fault for... > Battery Intervention and Prevention Program, or BIPP, aims to eliminate family violence in Texas. BIPP classes in Dallas are often added as a term of probation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/bipp-classes-in-dallas/ BIPP Classes in Dallas What is the Battering Intervention and Prevention Program in Dallas? BIPP stands for Batterers Intervention and Prevention Program. In Texas, this program is designed to help individuals, specifically those who have been violent or abusive in their intimate relationships, change their behavior and attitudes towards their partners. The program is based on the premise that domestic violence is a learned behavior and not a result of an individual’s anger, mental health issues, substance abuse, or the actions of the victim. Therefore, the goal of BIPP is to help participants unlearn these behaviors and replace them with positive, respectful ones. BIPP programs in Texas are accredited by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice – Community Justice Assistance Division (TDCJ-CJAD). These programs provide group counseling for individuals who are abusive to their partners. The counseling is designed to help these individuals stop their abusive behavior, improve their relationship skills, and learn respect for their partners. The program is often mandated by courts for individuals who have been convicted of domestic violence offenses, but it can also be voluntarily attended by those who recognize they have a problem and want to change. The Battery Intervention and Prevention Program, often referred to as BIPP, helps attendees with the tools to curb domestic violence. BIPP classes in Dallas are often added to the terms of probation or parole. The program aims to change the power dynamic within abusive intimate relationships from destructive to productive. BIPP hopes to educate batterers to understand their behavior and why they act violently. Through exercises and discussion BIPP tries to change the beliefs and attitudes that often lead to violence while reinforcing coping strategies for couples to develop equal and supportive relationships. BIPP classes in Dallas are usually recommended in family violence cases, including misdemeanor and felony court cases, and in choking or strangulation cases. If you or a family member has been accused of family violence, call to speak with an experienced team of defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett. Why did Texas create BIPP? The BIPP program took effect in 1995 after being created by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The Texas Council on Family Violence developed the guidelines. The mission of BIPP classes in Dallas is to eliminate male-to-female intimate partner violence by providing education services to batterers, promoting safety for victims, and creating the social change necessary to end domestic abuse and all forms of family violence. BIPP classes in Dallas are usually recommended for persons accused of family violence and typically are added as a condition of probation or parole in family violence cases. What topics are covered in the Battery Intervention and Prevention Program? Among the education topics covered at BIPP classes in Dallas include: Support and trust Partnership Non-violence Non-threatening behavior Respect Honesty and accountability Sexual respect Negotiation and fairness Program attendees will learn how to develop non-aggressive attitudes and reactions while also creating strategies to maintain nonviolent behavior. How do BIPP classes in Dallas work? Lawyers often request... > Facing unlawful restraint charges? If so, you need a top Dallas unlawful restraint lawyer at your side. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/unlawful-restraint/ Dallas Unlawful Restraint Lawyer Quick Answer If you have been charged with unlawful restraint in Dallas, you are facing a Dallas County case that ranges from a Class A misdemeanor to a third degree felony, depending on who was restrained and the risk involved. The charge means intentionally or knowingly restraining another person without their consent, and it most often arises from a domestic argument where one person stops another from leaving. These cases are highly defensible: the State has to prove an actual restraint that substantially interfered with the person's liberty, that it was without consent, and, in felony cases, that there was a substantial risk of serious bodily injury. Our Dallas criminal defense team handles these cases at the Frank Crowley Courts Building and can review yours in a free consultation at (214) 903-4000. What is unlawful restraint in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 20. 02, a person commits unlawful restraint by intentionally or knowingly restraining another person without their consent. It is the least serious offense in the Penal Code chapter that also covers kidnapping, smuggling, and trafficking, but a conviction still carries jail or prison exposure, a permanent record, and consequences for employment, housing, and firearm rights. The charge shows up in a wide range of situations: domestic disputes, arguments that turn physical, disagreements over a child, and road rage incidents. It does not require that anyone was physically hurt. Blocking a person from leaving a room or preventing a car from driving away can be enough. What does "restrain" and "without consent" mean? "Restrain" means restricting a person's movements without consent so as to interfere substantially with their liberty, either by moving them from one place to another or by confining them. Restraint is "without consent" when it is accomplished by force, intimidation, or deception, and consent is also absent when a person stayed only because they were threatened. The State must prove the alleged victim did not freely choose to stay or go. See Texas Penal Code Section 20. 01 for the definitions. Penalties for unlawful restraint in Texas Unlawful restraint is a Class A misdemeanor by default, and it increases to a felony based on who was restrained and the risk created: Class A misdemeanor (default): up to one year in the Dallas County Jail and a fine of up to $4,000. State jail felony (person restrained was younger than 17): 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and a fine of up to $10,000. Third degree felony (the accused recklessly exposed the victim to a substantial risk of serious bodily injury, restrained an on-duty public servant, or acted while in law enforcement custody): 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. A conviction also brings collateral consequences that can outlast any sentence, including difficulty finding work or housing, immigration consequences, and, where the case is treated as family violence, the loss of firearm rights. The most heavily contested felony version is the one... > Dallas County Diversion Programs focus on rehabilitating instead of punishing defendants. Call 214-903-4000 today to find out if you are eligible. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-county-diversion-programs/ Dallas County Diversion Program Lawyer Diversion: A Pathway to Dismissals in Dallas County Criminal Cases In Dallas County, you can be guilty of a crime, but still have your case dismissed. This is possible with pre-trial diversion programs. Diversion programs focus on rehabilitating individuals, rather than punishment. Dallas County has several diversion programs, but they are not for everyone. First, diversion programs are meant for individuals who are guilty of the offense for which they are charged. So, if you believe you are not guilty of an offense, your attorney will advise you on how to best contest your guilt and not advise you to apply for pre-trial diversion. Second, diversion programs can be hard to get into and are only available to individuals who are motivated to change. In this article, we will give an overview of Dallas County diversion programs and explain why a diversion program could be a great option for first-time offenders who are willing to make a positive, productive change in their lives. What is a Diversion Program? True diversion programs are exactly that – they divert or redirect individuals who have been arrested to a different, and hopefully, more productive and positive path. Most diversion programs are pre-trial (that is why you may sometimes hear them called pre-trial diversion programs), meaning the defendant is diverted from the traditional criminal justice processing into a program of supervision, treatment, and rehabilitation. Dallas County offers a number of pre-trial diversion programs. Sometimes programs that result in dismissals are also called diversion programs. What Dallas County Pre-Trial Diversion Programs are Offered? Our firm has helped a great number of individuals enter pre-trial Dallas County diversion programs. Because our attorneys have been practicing criminal defense in north central Texas for years, we are uniquely positioned to advise you about how to maximize your chances of getting into a Dallas County Diversion Program. Dallas County Diversion Programs: Achieve, Motivate, Inspire (AIM) The Dallas County AIM pre-trial diversion program is designed for youthful defenders (18- to 24-year-olds). Those charged with first-time, non-violent felony offenses are encouraged to apply with the help of their attorneys. Common offenses eligible for AIM include possession of marijuana and shoplifting. DIVERT Court DIVERT Court – which is an acronym for Dallas Initiative for Diversion and Expedited Treatment – is for first-time adult drug offenders who are facing certain charges, especially marijuana. If you successfully complete the program, your case will be dismissed. Dallas County Misdemeanor Memorandum Agreements Dallas prosecutors, in certain misdemeanor cases, will dismiss cases at their discretion if certain conditions are met. For example, in a misdemeanor theft case, a misdemeanor prosecutor might dismiss a case if the accused completes a theft education class and pays restitution. Dallas County Veteran’s Court Diversion Program The Veteran’s Court Diversion Program is a diversion program for veterans who are currently facing prosecution for one or more criminal cases. Importantly, this includes certain DWI cases. The program offers offenders a mental health and drug treatment option that is... > Injured after being bitten by a dog in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth dog bite lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-07-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/dog-bites/ Fort Worth Dog Bite Lawyer If a dog bit you in Fort Worth, you can recover compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas follows the "one-bite rule," meaning you must prove the owner knew their dog was dangerous or failed to control it. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys help dog bite victims throughout Tarrant County build strong claims and fight for full compensation. Dog bites cause serious harm. Texas ranked third in the country for dog bite insurance claims in 2023, with payouts averaging nearly $60,000 per claim. Since 2005, at least three people have died from dog attacks in Fort Worth alone. If you or a loved one was attacked, call our team at 817-207-4878 for a free consultation. You pay nothing unless we win. How Common Are Dog Bites in Fort Worth? Dog attacks happen far more often than most people realize. More than 4. 5 million Americans are bitten by dogs each year, and nearly one in five of those bites require medical attention, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association. Children are the most common victims and suffer the most severe injuries. Texas ranks third nationally for dog bite insurance claims. In 2023, homeowners insurers handled 1,040 claims statewide with an average payout of $59,925 per claim, according to the Insurance Information Institute. Total payouts exceeded $1. 1 billion that year. Fort Worth sees significant attack numbers. The U. S. Postal Service reported 23 dog attacks on mail carriers in Fort Worth in 2023, ranking the city fourth in Texas. Dallas had 39 attacks and ranked second. These numbers only count postal worker incidents. The actual number of dog bites in Tarrant County is much higher. Emergency room visits for dog bites have climbed roughly 30% over the past several years in large Texas cities. Research from Austin and San Antonio shows a sharp rise in severe cases since 2018, with especially large increases among victims over 40. What Is the Texas One-Bite Rule? The Texas one-bite rule is a legal doctrine that governs most dog bite cases. Under this rule, a dog owner is not automatically liable the first time their dog bites someone. However, once the owner knows (or should know) their dog is dangerous, they become liable for any future attacks. "Knew or should have known" can be established through prior bite incidents, complaints from neighbors, aggressive behavior reports, or the owner's own statements about the dog. Victims of first-time bites still have legal options. You can pursue a claim by proving the owner was negligent. Negligence includes failing to keep the dog properly contained, ignoring warning signs, or violating Fort Worth's leash laws. Our attorneys will review your case and determine whether to pursue a claim under the one-bite rule, negligence, or both. What Do I Need to Prove to Win a Dog Bite Case? To win a dog bite claim in Fort Worth, you must prove three things. First, the dog's owner knew or should... > The White Collar Defense team at Varghese Summersett is known for the success it has seen defending federal white collar crimes. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense-lawyer/white-collar/ What are federal drug conspiracy charges? A federal drug conspiracy is when two or more people agree to commit a drug crime. It doesn't matter if the plan is never carried out or if you have very limited involvement or barely benefit from your participation. It doesn't even matter if you know the parties involved. Federal Drug Conspiracy Background When it comes to federal drug crimes, the law is intentionally broad. It's not uncommon for the government to arrest dozens of people on federal drug conspiracy charges stemming from the same operation, investigation, or organization. This is because it only takes an agreement between two or more people to commit a federal drug crime and there are usually lots of players involved – ranging from king pens to manufacturers to bit players just trying to feed their addiction. If you or a loved one has been caught up in the government's snare and arrested on federal drug conspiracy charges, it's imperative to contact an experienced federal criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible. The sooner you can get out in front of it, the better off you will be. If convicted, you are facing harsh penalties that could include a lengthy prison sentence and hefty fines. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have vast experience defending federal drug conspiracy charges in Fort Worth, Dallas, and throughout the northern and eastern districts of Texas. In this blog post, will explain the law, the punishments, and possible defenses. Please also take a moment to watch the videos by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese. How are federal drug conspiracy charges built? A federal drug conspiracy is when two or more people agree to commit a drug crime. It doesn't matter if the plan is never carried out or if you have very limited involvement or barely benefitted from your participation. It doesn't even matter if you know the parties involved. In order to convict someone of federal drug conspiracy charges, federal prosecutors are only required to prove that: there was an agreement between two or more people to violate a federal drug law; and each conspirator knew of the unlawful agreement but voluntarily chose to join it. The law – specifically 21 USC 841 and 21 USC 942 – covers a variety of different federal drug conspiracy charges including: Manufacturing a controlled substance, which involves the production, processing or preparation of a controlled substance. Distributing a controlled substance, which essentially means delivering a drug to someone even if money isn't involved or exchanged. Possessing a controlled substance with intent to distribute, which can include drug sales or possession of equipment such as scales or baggies. Importing a controlled substance, which involves the importation of illegal drugs into the U. S. , sometimes through customs or crossing the border. So, as you can see, the feds can arrest almost anyone with any role whatsoever on a federal drug conspiracy charge. Conspiracy is a powerful tool for the federal government because it enables prosecutors... > Injured in a construction accident in North Texas due to negligence? Speak to a Fort Worth construction accident lawyer today. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/construction-accidents/ Construction Accident Lawyer If you were injured on a construction site in Texas, you have the right to pursue compensation from every party whose negligence contributed to your injuries — not just your employer. Texas law allows injured workers and bystanders to file third-party claims against contractors, site owners, equipment manufacturers, and others, often recovering far more than workers' compensation alone would provide. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth construction accident lawyers represent people who have suffered catastrophic, life-altering injuries on job sites across North Texas. Our Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, a former prosecutor at both the Dallas County and Tarrant County District Attorney's offices who now devotes his practice to fighting for injured Texans. Our team has the experience, resources, and courtroom commitment to take on large construction companies, insurers, and their legal teams. We work on contingency, meaning you pay nothing unless we recover compensation for you. You've Seen Us On What Are the Most Common Causes of Construction Accidents in Texas? Construction workers face hazards every day that most people never encounter in their careers. The most common causes of serious construction injuries include: Falls from heights remain the leading killer in the industry. A worker falling from scaffolding, a roof, or an elevated platform may suffer traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, or fatal injuries. OSHA's "Fatal Four" — falls, struck-by incidents, electrocutions, and caught-in/between accidents — account for the majority of construction fatalities nationwide. Struck-by accidents occur when workers are hit by falling tools, flying debris, swinging equipment, or vehicles moving through the site. Electrical accidents expose workers to live wires, faulty equipment, or inadequately grounded systems. Machinery accidents involving cranes, forklifts, excavators, and other heavy equipment can result in amputations, crush injuries, and death. Structural collapses, trench cave-ins, explosions, and heat-related illnesses round out the list of site hazards that send thousands of Texas workers to trauma centers each year. Construction sites are also prone to slip-and-fall accidents caused by wet surfaces, uneven ground, scattered debris, and open trenches. Vehicle accidents — such as a dump truck backing over a worker or a loader rolling into an excavation — are particularly deadly in confined site areas with poor visibility. How Common Are Construction Site Accidents in Texas? Construction is one of the most dangerous industries in America. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, construction and extraction occupations accounted for 951 of the 5,190 fatal workplace injuries recorded in the United States in 2021 — roughly 20 percent of all work-related deaths. Texas consistently ranks among the states with the highest construction fatality totals, driven by its massive size, rapid urban growth, and significant oil and gas infrastructure. For every fatal accident, many more workers suffer serious non-fatal injuries that require surgery, months of rehabilitation, and permanent changes to how they live and work. If you or someone you love was hurt on a Fort Worth construction site, you are far from alone — and you are not... > Injured in a pedestrian accident? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) today for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth pedestrian accident lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-08-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/pedestrian-accidents/ Fort Worth Pedestrian Accident Lawyer Pedestrian accidents can be devastating, leaving victims with physical injuries and emotional scars that can last a lifetime. Not to mention, the financial losses related to medical bills and lost wages. If you have been injured or lost a loved one in a pedestrian accident in Fort Worth or the surrounding area, it’s important to know your rights and to understand the legal process for obtaining compensation due to another person’s negligence. In this article, we’ll cover the basics of pedestrian accidents, the steps you should take after an accident, and what to look for in a Fort Worth pedestrian accident lawyer. We also answer some frequently asked questions about pursuing an insurance or personal injury claim with our law firm. What is a Pedestrian Accident? A pedestrian accident is a type of personal injury that occurs when a pedestrian – that is, someone who is on foot – is hit by a vehicle. This is also sometimes referred to as an auto-pedestrian accident. This can include cars, trucks, motorcycles, and even bicycles. Pedestrian accidents can be caused by a variety of factors, including driver negligence, vehicle malfunctions and unsafe crosswalks. How Common are Pedestrian Accidents in Texas? In 2022, there were 5766 crashes involving pedestrians in Texas – resulting in 830 deaths, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. As you can see, this is a serious accident that can have devastating consequences. Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable people on the road, as they don’t have protective equipment like seatbelts or airbags. What are the Common Causes of Pedestrian Accidents? Many factors can contribute to pedestrian accidents, including: Distracted driving: Drivers who are texting, using their phone, or otherwise distracted while driving are more likely to cause accidents, including those involving pedestrians. Reckless driving: Drivers who engage in reckless behavior, such as speeding, running red lights, or making sudden lane changes, are more likely to cause accidents involving pedestrians. Poor road design: Roads that are poorly designed or maintained can create hazardous conditions for pedestrians, especially in areas with heavy foot traffic. Poor lighting: Poor lighting can make it difficult for drivers to see pedestrians, increasing the risk of accidents. What Injuries Can Occur from Pedestrian Accidents? Pedestrian accidents can have devastating consequences for those involved. Common injuries include: Head injuries: Traumatic brain injuries can result from the impact of a pedestrian accident with a vehicle, leading to long-term health problems and disabilities. Spinal cord injuries: Spinal cord injuries can result in paralysis and other serious physical limitations. Broken bones: Pedestrians involved in accidents often sustain broken bones, which can require extensive medical treatment and rehabilitation. Soft tissue injuries: Soft tissue injuries, such as sprains and strains, can result from the impact of a pedestrian accident and can be extremely painful and difficult to treat. What Should You Do After an Auto-Pedestrian Accident? If you or a loved one has been involved in a pedestrian accident in Fort Worth, it’s important to take... > If you have been injured in a slip and fall on another person's property, call today for a free consultation with a slip and fall lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/slip-and-fall/ Slip and Fall Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas Slip and fall accidents are common causes of personal injury in the United States. According to the National Floor Safety Institute, more than 1 million people end up in the emergency room each year due to slip and fall. To add insult to injury, most falls are preventable. That’s where we come in. If you or a loved one has been injured after slipping, tripping or falling on public or private property, due to a dangerous or hazardous condition, you may be eligible for compensation to cover medical bills, lost wages, future care, and more. Our team of slip and fall lawyers has extensive experience handling personal injury cases just like yours. We will thoroughly investigate the incident to determine who is liable for the fall and then fight to get you the best possible settlement. We put in the work, so you can work on getting better. In this article, an experienced slip and fall lawyer at Varghese Summersett explains what you should do if you’ve been injured and answers some questions about pursuing a personal injury claim or premise liability lawsuit after a slip and fall. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=_m25T2R_RPw What is a slip and fall accident? Slip and fall accidents are exactly what they sound like: accidents that occur when a person slips, trips, or falls due to unsafe conditions on commercial, residential or public property. Slip and fall cases are a type of premise liability claim. A premise liability claim is a legal claim against the owner, land owner, property manager, or responsible party for injuries suffered due to unsafe conditions on that property. If an accident happens on government property, the claim can be filed against the government. What are common causes of slip and fall accidents? Slip and fall accidents are common and can occur anywhere – school, work, bars, restaurants, stores, sporting events, entertainment venues, hotels, sidewalks, parking lots, the list goes on. They can be caused by a variety of conditions, including but not limited to: Wet or slippery floors Uneven surfaces or walkways Poorly lit stairs, hallways, and other areas Debris, construction materials, power cords, and other tripping hazards Loose floor mats or rugs Inadequate signage Ice and snow in parking lots or driveways. What are common injuries in a slip and fall accidents? Slip and fall accidents can cause a wide range of injuries, ranging from minor bruises to broken bones and head injuries. Common slip and fall-related injuries include: Sprains Fractured or broken bones Ligament or tendon tears Dislocated joints Hip, knee and back injuries Spinal cord injuries Head trauma or brain injury Slip and falls happen in an instant but can have lifelong ramifications. If you or someone you love has been injured in a slip and fall accident due to unsafe conditions on another’s property, it’s important to contact an experienced slip and fall lawyer who can help you seek the compensation that is justly deserved. What should... > A public lewdness charge can wreck your life. Contact a top Dallas public lewdness lawyer from the defense team at Varghese Summersett. Call us at 214-903-4000. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2026-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/public-lewdness/ Is public lewdness a serious charge in Texas? Yes. Public lewdness is a Class A misdemeanor in Texas that carries up to one year in jail, a $4,000 fine, and a criminal record that could damage your career and reputation for years. If you've been arrested for public lewdness in Dallas, speaking with an experienced criminal defense attorney immediately can make a significant difference in the outcome of your case. A public lewdness arrest is often embarrassing and frightening. You may be worried about your family finding out, what your employer will think, or whether this will follow you for the rest of your life. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense team understands the sensitive nature of these charges and provides the discreet, aggressive representation you need to protect your rights, your reputation, and your future. Why Trust Varghese Summersett With Your Public Lewdness Defense? Our criminal defense team brings more than 100 years of combined experience to every case we handle. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett include Board Certified specialists in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, meaning they have demonstrated exceptional knowledge and skill in defending criminal charges, including sex-related offenses. Several of our attorneys are former prosecutors who understand how the state builds cases and, more importantly, where those cases can be challenged. Our firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions throughout our Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake offices. With a team of 70+ legal professionals, we have the resources to thoroughly investigate your case, identify weaknesses in the prosecution's evidence, and pursue every available defense strategy. Our attorneys regularly appear on national media outlets to discuss criminal law matters and have been recognized with numerous awards for legal excellence. You've Seen Us On What Is Public Lewdness Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 07, a person commits the offense of public lewdness if they knowingly engage in any of the following acts in a public place, or if they are reckless about whether another person is present who will be offended or alarmed by the act: An act of sexual intercourse An act of deviate sexual intercourse An act of sexual contact The law defines "sexual intercourse" as any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ. "Deviate sexual intercourse" includes any contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another, as well as the penetration of the genitals or anus of another person with an object. "Sexual contact" means any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. A "public place" under Texas law is defined broadly as any place to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access. This includes streets, highways, parks, and the common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment buildings, office buildings, transportation facilities, and shops. Private conduct can... > Injured in a North Texas intersection accident? Call 810-207-4878 for a free consultation today with a Fort Worth intersection accident attorney at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/intersection-accidents/ Fort Worth Intersection Accident Attorney Intersections are dangerous. Not only are vehicles approaching from multiple directions, but pedestrians and bicyclists are also frequently crossing these points, increasing the complexity and potential for misjudgments or errors that can result in serious accidents and, even, deaths. According to the Federal Highway Safety Administration, more than 50 percent of the nation’s car accidents occur at or near intersections – and Texas doesn’t fair much better. In 2021, the most recent year statistics were available, 1037 people were killed in intersection crashes, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. That’s an unsettling statistic, but not one that comes as a surprise to our Fort Worth intersection accident attorneys. They have seen first-hand the devastation these intersection crashes can have on victims and their families. In many cases, these accidents are caused by the negligence of one or more drivers, and the victims are left to deal with the physical, emotional, and financial consequences. If you have been injured or a loved one was killed in an intersection accident in Fort Worth or the surrounding area, it’s important to contact an experienced personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for your losses. In this article, a Fort Worth intersection accident attorney explains common causes of intersection accidents, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. We offer free consultations and, if we take your case, we only get paid if we win compensation for you. You will never pay anything out-of-pocket. Common Causes of Intersection Accidents in Fort Worth Various factors can cause intersection accidents, but some of the most common include running red lights, failing to yield, distracted driving, and speeding. In many cases, these accidents could have been avoided if the drivers involved had paid more attention to the road and followed traffic laws. Here are some of the most common reasons for intersection accidents in Fort Worth: Distracted Driving Distracted driving is a leading cause of intersection accidents in Fort Worth and throughout the United States. Drivers texting, using their phones, eating, or engaging in other distracting activities may fail to notice a red light, stop sign, or other traffic signals, leading to a collision. Speeding Speeding is a significant contributor to intersection accidents in Fort Worth. Drivers traveling too fast may be unable to stop to avoid a collision, especially if approaching an intersection on a downhill slope. Failure to Yield Right-Of-Way Failure to yield the right-of-way is another common cause of intersection accidents in Fort Worth. Drivers who fail to yield to other vehicles or pedestrians at an intersection may cause a collision, especially if they turn left or enter the intersection from a side street. Running Red Lights or Stop Signs Drivers who run red lights or stop signs at intersections may cause T-bone collisions, which can be particularly dangerous and deadly. Intoxication Intoxicated drivers are always dangerous on the road but can be especially dangerous at intersections.... > Contact our Fort Worth single car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett for help navigating insurance claims in Tarrant, Dallas, and surrounding counties. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/single-vehicle-accidents/ Fort Worth Single-Vehicle Accident Lawyer Your Guide to Navigating a Fort Worth Single-Vehicle Accident Single-vehicle car accidents can be just as devastating as multi-vehicle collisions. If you or a loved one has been involved in a single-vehicle accident in Fort Worth, a Fort Worth single-vehicle accident lawyer can help you understand your legal rights and guide you through the claim process. In this article, we’ll discuss common causes of single-vehicle accidents, the types of injuries that can result, the insurance claim process, and how Varghese Summersett can assist you. Types of Insurance Coverage for Bodily Injury in a Single Car Accident A single-car accident can result in significant bodily injuries for the driver and passengers involved. There are several types of insurance coverage that can help cover the costs associated with these injuries. In this section, we’ll discuss the common types of insurance coverage that can provide compensation for bodily injuries sustained in a single-car accident. Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Coverage Personal Injury Protection, or PIP, is a type of no-fault insurance coverage that provides compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, and other related costs for the policyholder, regardless of who is at fault for the accident. PIP coverage is mandatory in some states, while optional in others. The coverage typically applies to the policyholder, their passengers, and any pedestrians or cyclists involved in the accident. Medical Payments (MedPay) Coverage Medical Payments coverage, often referred to as MedPay, is another type of no-fault insurance coverage that specifically covers medical expenses resulting from a car accident. MedPay is similar to PIP but typically has a more limited scope, covering only medical costs without addressing lost wages or other non-medical expenses. Like PIP, MedPay coverage applies to the policyholder, their passengers, and any pedestrians or cyclists involved in the accident. Health Insurance In the event of a single-car accident, your health insurance may cover medical expenses associated with your injuries. However, it’s important to note that health insurance coverage usually comes into play after your auto insurance benefits, such as PIP or MedPay, have been exhausted. Additionally, health insurance may not cover all accident-related expenses, such as lost wages, and may require copayments or deductibles. What Are the Most Common Causes of Single-Vehicle Car Accidents in Texas? Injuries can occur in a single-car accident due to various factors and circumstances. Understanding the common causes of injuries in such accidents can help in implementing preventative measures and ensuring safer driving practices. In this section, we’ll discuss some of the most common ways injuries can occur in a single-car accident. Collision with Fixed Objects One of the most common causes of injuries in single-car accidents is collisions with fixed objects, such as trees, guardrails, or utility poles. These accidents can occur due to factors like driver distraction, speeding, loss of vehicle control, or poor visibility. The impact of the collision can cause significant injuries to the driver and passengers, especially if the vehicle was traveling at a high speed. Rollover Accidents Rollover accidents occur... > Are you or a family member facing a drug paraphernalia citation? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas possession of drug paraphernalia lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/possession-of-drug-paraphernalia/ Possession of Drug Paraphernalia in Dallas A drug paraphernalia citation in Dallas may seem minor, but paying the fine without a fight can trigger serious consequences. You could lose your driver's license for six months, become ineligible for federal student loans, and have a drug conviction on your permanent record. The defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have helped hundreds of Dallas residents resolve paraphernalia citations without a conviction. We'll fight to keep your record clean. Under Texas Health and Safety Code Section 481. 125, possession of drug paraphernalia is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by up to $500 in fines. While you can't go to jail for simple possession, the collateral damage from a conviction can affect your career, education, and driving privileges for years. What counts as drug paraphernalia under Texas law? Texas law defines drug paraphernalia broadly. Any item used or intended for use to grow, process, test, store, or consume a controlled substance qualifies. This includes items legally sold at smoke shops and common household objects. Examples of drug paraphernalia in Texas include: Pipes and bongs Rolling papers Grinders Small plastic bags Roach clips Scales Syringes and spoons The key question isn't what the item is. It's whether prosecutors can prove you intended to use it with drugs. A skilled defense attorney will challenge that connection. What are the penalties for drug paraphernalia in Texas? Penalties depend on whether you possessed, delivered, or manufactured paraphernalia. Simple possession carries the lightest punishment, but delivery charges (especially to minors) can result in felony convictions. Offense Classification Jail Time Maximum Fine Possession of drug paraphernalia Class C misdemeanor None $500 Delivery of drug paraphernalia Class A misdemeanor Up to 1 year $4,000 Delivery to a minor under 18 State jail felony 180 days to 2 years $10,000 If you already have a Class A paraphernalia conviction on your record, a second offense carries a minimum 90-day jail sentence. What happens if I just pay the paraphernalia ticket? Paying the ticket equals pleading guilty. That guilty plea creates a permanent criminal conviction on your record. For anyone 21 or older, Texas Transportation Code Section 521. 372 automatically suspends your driver's license for 180 days after any drug conviction. Beyond the license suspension, a drug conviction can disqualify you from federal student financial aid under the Higher Education Act. Many employers run background checks, and a drug offense (even a Class C misdemeanor) can eliminate job opportunities in healthcare, education, government, and other regulated industries. Professional licensing boards in Texas may also deny or revoke licenses based on drug convictions. How can a lawyer get my paraphernalia charge dismissed? Prosecutors must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you knowingly possessed an item intended for drug use. Several defense strategies can defeat that burden. Challenging actual possession: If police found the item in a car with multiple passengers, you may not have been in actual possession. Texas follows "joint possession" laws, meaning more than one person can legally possess something. However, proximity alone... > Arrested for tampering in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas tampering with evidence lawyer today. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/tampering-with-evidence/ Dallas Tampering with Evidence Lawyer Dallas Tampering with Evidence Lawyer Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas Tampering with evidence is a crime in Texas that can make a bad situation even worse. This charge often stems from the attempted cover-up of another offense or act of wrongdoing, such as drug possession, fraud, or even murder. If you or a loved one is facing a charge of tampering in Dallas or the surrounding areas, your freedom, and possibly your future, could be at stake. That's why it's imperative to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. The senior attorneys at Varghese Summersett have extensive experience handling tampering charges, first as prosecutors and now as highly-skilled defense attorneys. In this article, an experienced Dallas tampering with evidence lawyer will explain the law in Texas, punishment ranges, and possible defenses. It's important to understand that tampering cases are vastly different and each case is unique, so you should always speak with a skilled attorney about your specific situation. What is tampering with evidence in Dallas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 37. 09, the official title of the offense is "tampering with or fabricating physical evidence" and it can be committed in three ways: destroying or altering evidence; falsifying documents; or failing to report a corpse. We'll break down each below and offer examples of each. Destroying Evidence: A person commits tampering if he or she alters, destroys, or conceals any record, document, or thing with intent to impair its verity, legibility, or availability as evidence in the investigation or official proceeding. Examples include: Swallowing drugs when police pull over your vehicle; Throwing a gun used in a robbery in a river; Smashing a computer that contains child pornography; Ordering documents to be removed from a business office during a criminal investigation; Shredding documents linked to a white collar investigation Cleaning up blood from a crime scene; Moving a body after a murder; Burning or dumping a body. Falsifying Documents: A person commits tampering if he or she makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity and with intent to affect the course or outcome of the investigation or official proceeding. Examples include: Altering financial records when you know you are under investigation for fraud; Making a false receipt to give yourself an alibi; Writing a false affidavit of non-prosecution in order to prevent the prosecution of a defendant. Failure to Report a Corpse: A person commits tampering if he or she observes a human corpse under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that an offense had been committed, knows or reasonably should know that a law enforcement agency is not aware of the existence of or location of the corpse and fails to report the existence of and location of the corpse to law enforcement. Examples include: Seeing a body at a known drug house and failing to contact law enforcement; Seeing a body in a river or lake and walking away instead... > Have you been accused of kidnapping or abduction in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas kidnapping lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/kidnapping/ Dallas Kidnapping Lawyer | Fighting Abduction Charges Dallas Kidnapping Lawyer, Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas When people hear the word "kidnapping," they often think of a dramatic scene in which a stranger is abducted and held for ransom. And while this would certainly constitute kidnapping in Texas, most kidnapping charges stem from far less nefarious circumstances. In fact, it's not uncommon for kidnapping charges to stem from domestic situations involving parents and children, or couples. Regardless of the circumstances, all kidnapping charges are taken very seriously by police and prosecutors in Dallas and the surrounding areas. If you or a loved one has been charged with kidnapping, your life just got very complicated and your freedom is in jeopardy. That's why it's imperative to contact an experienced, aggressive Dallas kidnapping lawyer as soon as possible. In this article, our highly skilled criminal defense attorneys are going to discuss the types of kidnapping charges under Texas law, potential punishments, and what defenses may be available. What constitutes kidnapping in Dallas? In Texas, the offense of kidnapping is governed by Section 20. 02 of the Texas Penal Code. A person commits the offense of kidnapping if he or she intentionally or knowingly "abducts" another person, which means restraining them with the intent to prevent their liberty by: hiding or holding them in a place where they or not likely to be found; or using or threatening to use deadly force. What is considered aggravated kidnapping? Kidnapping can be elevated to aggravated kidnapping when certain circumstances exist, such as using a displaying a weapon. Aggravated kidnapping also occurs when someone intentionally or knowingly abducts someone to: hold him or her for ransom or reward; use him or her as a shield or hostage; facilitate the commission of a felony or the flight after the attempt or commission of a felony; inflict bodily injury on him or her or violate or abuse them sexually; terrorize him or her or a third person; or interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function What is the punishment for kidnapping in Texas? Kidnapping is a felony that carries prison time, fines, and damage to records and reputation. The severity of punishment depends on the facts and circumstances of the case. Aggravated kidnapping is generally a first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. If the defendant committed aggravated kidnapping, but released the victim voluntarily in a safe place, it is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison an a maximum $10,000 fine. Ordinary kidnapping is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. To find out exactly what you or a loved on is facing, contact an experienced Dallas kidnapping lawyer who can review the facts and circumstances of your case, explain the charges and potential punishments, and begin developing an aggressive defense. Is kidnapping a crime of moral turpitude? Kidnapping is considered a crime of... > Looking for a place to do community service in Dallas? Check out this court-approved community service list. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-11-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/community-service-in-dallas-county/ Where Can I Do Community Service in Dallas County? | Court-Approved List People who have been charged with a criminal offense in Dallas County often ask where they can perform community service. Some are completing hours at the request of their attorney while their case is pending. Others have been ordered by a judge to complete community service in Dallas as part of a pre-trial diversion program or as a condition of probation. Regardless of the reason, it's important to make sure that you are volunteering at a reputable location that will be accepted by Dallas County courts. Most Dallas courts will accept community service from any organization that is non-profit and non-religious. Here is a list of some Dallas-area organizations that offer opportunities for court-approved or court-mandated community service: Crossroads Community Services 214-560-2512 Dallas Animal Services 469-331-6640 Dallas Habitat for Humanity 214-678-2300 Frisco Family YMCA 214-297-9622 Genesis Women's Shelter and Support 214-389-7700 Homeward Bound Inc. 214-941-3500 Martin Luther King Jr. Community Center 214-670-8486 Mission Oak Cliff 214-942-6407 Operation Kindness 972-418-7297 Resource Center 214-540-4497 SPCA of Texas 214-490-6360 VolunteerNow 817-820-0203 Keeping Track of Your Community Service in Dallas If you are performing community service in Dallas County, it's imperative to keep track of your hours and request verification from the organization where you performed your community service. A verification letter should be on the organization's letterhead and include the date, the total number of hours you completed, and the contact information of someone who can verify attendance. If you have been accused of a crime in Dallas and have not yet retained an experienced criminal defense attorney, call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a member of our team. We will do everything in our power to put you in the best possible light to get you the most favorable outcome. The Consultation is Free The Advice is Priceless (214) 903-4000 > Are you or a family member facing money laundering charges in Dallas? Call Varghese Summersett now to consult with a top Dallas money laundering lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/money-laundering/ Dallas Money Laundering Lawyer Money laundering in Texas is a felony offense that can result in up to 99 years in prison depending on the amount of money involved. Under Texas Penal Code Chapter 34, you can face charges for knowingly handling, concealing, or transferring proceeds from criminal activity. If you're under investigation or facing charges, contact a Dallas money laundering lawyer at Varghese Summersett immediately at 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. What Is Money Laundering Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code Section 34. 02 defines money laundering as knowingly acquiring, maintaining, concealing, possessing, transferring, or transporting proceeds from criminal activity. The law also covers conducting, supervising, or facilitating any transaction involving those proceeds. In practical terms, money laundering means making illegally obtained money appear legitimate. The "proceeds of criminal activity" includes money or assets gained from any felony under Texas, federal, or other state law, or any offense punishable by more than one year of confinement. How Does Money Laundering Work? Money laundering typically follows three stages, though these are not formal legal elements of the offense: Placement involves introducing illegal cash into the financial system. This might mean breaking large amounts into smaller deposits, purchasing money orders, or using cash-intensive businesses to blend dirty money with legitimate revenue. Layering makes the money harder to trace. Launderers move funds through multiple accounts, wire transfers, shell companies, or offshore accounts. They may purchase high-value assets like real estate, vehicles, or jewelry that can later be sold. Integration merges the now-clean money back into the legitimate economy. At this stage, the funds can be invested in businesses, real estate, or other assets without raising suspicion. Texas Money Laundering Penalties Texas classifies money laundering offenses based on the value of funds involved. Under Texas Penal Code Section 34. 02: Value of Funds Offense Level Prison Time Maximum Fine $2,500 to $29,999 State Jail Felony 180 days to 2 years $10,000 $30,000 to $149,999 Third-Degree Felony 2 to 10 years $10,000 $150,000 to $299,999 Second-Degree Felony 2 to 20 years $10,000 $300,000 or more First-Degree Felony 5 to 99 years or life $10,000 A first-degree felony conviction carries the same potential sentence as murder in Texas. These charges demand experienced legal representation from day one. What Must Prosecutors Prove? To convict you of money laundering in Texas, prosecutors must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt: Knowledge. You must have knowingly engaged in the prohibited conduct. Accidental or unknowing involvement in a laundering scheme is not enough for a conviction. Handling proceeds. You must have acquired, maintained, concealed, possessed, transferred, or transported money or assets gained from criminal activity. This covers everything from physically moving cash to transferring digital funds. Transaction involvement. You conducted, supervised, or facilitated a transaction involving criminal proceeds. This includes providing a location, bank account, or other means for the transaction to occur. Federal Money Laundering Charges Federal money laundering laws under 18 U. S. C. § 1956 and 18 U. S. C. § 1957 carry even harsher consequences.... > About Varghese Summersett: The firm is made up of trial attorneys who practice family law, criminal defense, and personal injury, delivering exceptional representation. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-04-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/about/ Varghese Summersett is a Texas law firm with over 70 legal professionals serving clients in criminal defense, family law, and personal injury across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Our team includes former prosecutors, board-certified specialists, and trial lawyers who have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions for our clients. When you work with our firm, you get more than one attorney. You get a full legal team dedicated to protecting your rights, your family, and your future. Watch: One Firm. Three Divisions. Countless Lives Changed. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=NJPsBz4Z_Oo What Makes Varghese Summersett Different? There is no single "best lawyer in Fort Worth" or "best Dallas lawyer. " Every legal matter is different, and every client deserves an attorney whose skills match their situation. That's why we've assembled a team of lawyers with different backgrounds and expertise. Our partners include former state and federal prosecutors who understand how the other side thinks. Our founder worked as an insurance adjuster before becoming an attorney, so he knows the tactics insurance companies use to avoid paying fair compensation. This breadth of experience allows us to approach your case from every angle. We have locations in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our goal is to help as many people as possible through life's most difficult challenges. Our Practice Areas We handle three main areas of law. Each division is staffed by attorneys who focus specifically on that practice area. Criminal Defense Facing criminal charges can be terrifying. Our criminal defense team includes 11 attorneys across Texas, four of whom are Board Certified in Criminal Law (the highest designation for Texas criminal defense attorneys). All partners are former state or federal prosecutors with over 100 years of combined experience. Together, they have tried more than 750 cases before Texas juries. We defend clients against charges including: State and Federal Criminal Defense Sex Crimes Assaults Drug Charges Intoxication Offenses Theft Family Violence Juvenile Crimes White Collar Crimes Divorce and Family Law Family law matters are deeply personal. Our family law attorneys have decades of experience handling emotionally charged situations, from high-net-worth divorce to complex child custody disputes. They know when to negotiate quietly and when to fight aggressively in court. Our family law services include: High Asset, Complex Divorce Contested and Uncontested Divorce Collaborative Divorce Mediation Property Division Child Custody Child Support Adoption Personal Injury When you've been injured due to someone else's negligence, you deserve compensation. Our personal injury team fights to hold individuals and corporations accountable. We have the resources and experience to go the distance, whether that means negotiating a fair settlement or taking your case to trial. We handle cases involving: Wrongful Death Catastrophic Injury Cases Car Accidents Trucking Accidents Motorcycle Accidents Drunk Driving Accidents Construction Accidents Premises Liability Cases We don't charge unless you prevail. That's our promise. How Experience on Every Side of the Law Benefits You Working with an experienced lawyer matters. But we believe true effectiveness comes from seeing every side of... > Our Fort Worth Criminal Defense Lawyer will provide a free consultation today. Call (817) 203-2220 to consult with a Board Certified Criminal Specialist. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-criminal-defense-lawyer/ Our Fort Worth Criminal Defense Team Includes Board Certified Specialists and Former Prosecutors If you have been charged with a criminal offense, or are under investigation, who you hire matters. Our team is made up of criminal practitioners who have put decades into honing their craft. We are home to five Board Certified specialists in criminal law — three Board Certified in Criminal Law specifically and two Board Certified in Juvenile Law. This is the highest designation afforded to lawyers in Texas who handle these cases, held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys in any specialty. All of our partners in the criminal division have served as prosecutors previously — specifically in Tarrant County. We came up in the ranks alongside the current judges. We are in these courtrooms every day. Fort Worth is Our Turf: A Criminal Defense Team at Home in Tarrant County Varghese Summersett is located at 300 Throckmorton Street in downtown Fort Worth, just two blocks from the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center and seven blocks from the Eldon B. Mahon Federal Courthouse. When you're facing criminal charges in Tarrant County, proximity to the courthouse matters. Our attorneys walk to court. They know what every judge is looking for, the weaknesses of every prosecutor, and every hallway in the buildings where your case will be decided. Our downtown Fort Worth headquarters puts us where decisions are made. Our criminal defense team works steps away from where cases are filed, bonds are set, and trials are held. This isn't just convenient; it's strategic. We're in the courthouse before court starts, building relationships and staying current on local practices that can make or break your case. Call Free Consultation Get Directions Board Certified in Criminal Law: What It Means for Your Case Varghese Summersett has five attorneys who have earned Board Certification from the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, an achievement held by fewer than 10% of Texas lawyers in any specialty. Three are Board Certified in Criminal Law: Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, and Letty Martinez. Two are Board Certified in Juvenile Law: Lisa Herrick and Audrey Hatcher. Board Certification isn't just a title. It designates these attorneys as legal experts in criminal defense under Texas law. They have demonstrated substantial experience, passed rigorous specialty examinations, maintained continuous legal education, and earned peer recognition for their competence and ethics. When you hire a Board Certified criminal defense lawyer, you're hiring someone the State Bar of Texas has verified as an expert — not merely a practitioner who handles criminal cases among other work. No other Fort Worth criminal defense firm can match this concentration of certified expertise. When the stakes include your freedom, your career, and your record, that distinction matters. You've Seen Us On Former Prosecutors — We Know How the Other Side Builds Cases Our team has worked the other side — both at the state and federal level. That experience doesn't just look good on a résumé. It fundamentally changes how we approach your... > The divorce lawyers at Varghese Summersett have decades of experience in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Denton County. Call our Board Certified Family Lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-02-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/ Family Lawyer | Board Certified Divorce Lawyer Near Me Skip to content Family Law & Divorce Attorneys | Fort Worth, Dallas, Denton, Southlake | Varghese Summersett Family Lawyer | Board Certified Divorce Lawyer Near Me FAMILY ANDDIVORCE LAWYERS We protect what matters most. Fort Worth Southlake and Denton Dallas Family and Divorce Lawyers Divorce and custody battles affect every part of your life: your home, your finances, and your time with your children. Our family law attorneys understand what's at stake, and we're here to guide you through it. We handle all aspects of Texas family law: contested and uncontested divorce, child custody and visitation disputes, child support enforcement and modifications, property division, spousal support, prenuptial and postnuptial agreements, paternity cases, protective orders, and post-divorce modifications. In high-net-worth divorces, we work with forensic accountants and valuation experts to protect complex assets, business interests, and retirement accounts. Recognized as Best Lawyers in America® and Forbes Advisor's Best Lawyers in Texas, and voted Gold Winner for Best Divorce Lawyer and Best Family Law Firm by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, our attorneys bring decades of courtroom experience to your case. We prepare every case as if it's going to trial, so you're protected whether we negotiate or fight. Fort Worth Southlake Denton Dallas Set Consultation Call Meet the Team Protect what matters most Get Started Why Choose Varghese Summersett? 01 We Treat Clients Like Family When someone places their trust in our firm, we treat them like family. You'll rest easier knowing we are fighting for you, as we would for a family member—so you can focus on healing and moving forward. 02 Award-Winning Legal Excellence Recognized as Best Lawyers in America®, Forbes Advisor's Best Lawyers in Texas, and voted Gold Winner for Best Divorce Lawyer and Best Family Law Firm by the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Our reputation is built on results, not promises. 03 Board Certified Family Law Attorney Craig Jackson is Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization—a distinction held by fewer than 1% of Texas attorneys. This certification requires substantial experience, rigorous examination, and peer evaluation, ensuring you receive the highest level of legal expertise. 04 Former Judge on Your Side Craig Jackson served as a Tarrant County Associate Judge, giving him rare insight into how family courts operate from the bench. He knows how judges think, what they prioritize, and how to position your case for the best possible outcome. 05 Decades of Family Law Experience Our family law team brings decades of combined courtroom experience handling divorce, custody, property division, and complex family matters. We've seen every scenario and know how to navigate even the most challenging cases. Our Family Law Team Experienced Family Law Attorneys and Staff Turner Thornton Division Lead Turner Thornton leads the Family Law Division at Varghese Summersett, bringing extensive experience in complex divorce, custody disputes, and high-net-worth property division cases throughout North Texas. Craig Jackson Partner - Board Certified in Family Law Craig Jackson is Board Certified in... > We explain what to property division in divorce in Texas so you can plan and best protect your future. Property division is not straightforward. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2025-02-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/marital-property-division/ Property Division in Divorce Texas follows community property laws when dividing assets in a divorce, but this doesn't automatically mean everything gets split 50/50. Let's break down what you need to know about property division in Texas. Property division can complicate the divorce process. Complications arise in determining whether or not the property owned by either one of the parties is actually community property. The goal of any property division is to make sure the parties' community estate is divided in a "just and right" manner. To that end, one must figure out what the community estate consists of. In most cases, a marital estate consists of a marital home that the husband and wife live in, as well as their retirement accounts. Watch: In this video by family law attorney Turner Thornton, we explain the difference between community and separate property in this video - and how it applies to equity in a pre-marital home in which both spouses paid down the mortgage. https://youtu. be/uxY0sGEXjvg Types of Property in Divorce In Texas, property generally falls into two categories: Separate Property Separate property is property acquired before your marriage or given to you personally through gift, devise, or descent. Devise or descent is property you inherit from someone. Separate property belongs solely to one spouse and includes: Assets owned before marriage Inheritances received during marriage Gifts given specifically to one spouse Personal injury settlements (excluding lost wages portion) Community Property Community property includes assets acquired during the marriage, regardless of whose name is on the title. This encompasses wages, real estate purchased during marriage, retirement benefits earned during marriage, and business interests developed after marriage. Income generated from separate property can actually be viewed as community property, and generally is viewed that way. Mixed Property Very often, property is not clearly community property or separate property. Separate property is property owned prior to marriage by one of the spouses or gifted to one of the spouses or inherited by one of the spouses. Dividing Mixed Property Property that is purchased with a mixture of community money and separate money is considered mixed property. Dividing mixed property is a complicated process. For instance, if there's a business one has to determine whether or not the business was established before the marriage or after the marriage, and even if the business was established after the marriage, from what funds was it created? Was it created from a separate property source or was it created from community income? Oftentimes a marital business has to be evaluated to determine what the value of it is so that the community estate can be properly divided. That's often done with the help of a forensic accountant. If there are multiple businesses as well as multiple parcels of real estate and other investment assets, the community estate will require a lot of assessment to determine the proper division. Learn more about how a divorce can affect business owners. The "Just and Right" Standard for Property Division Texas... > A high net worth divorce case is one in which the divorcing couple has significant assets, property, and income to divide. These cases often involve complex. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/high-net-worth-divorce/ High Net Worth Divorce Attorney in Texas A high net worth divorce involves the division of substantial assets, complex property structures, and financial interests that require specialized legal and forensic expertise. In Texas, where community property laws govern marital dissolution, divorcing couples with significant wealth face challenges that extend far beyond typical divorce proceedings. Our board-certified family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett represent clients across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake in divorce cases involving estates ranging from one million to hundreds of millions of dollars. Texas Family Code Section 7. 001 requires courts to divide marital estates in a manner that is "just and right, having due regard for the rights of each party and any children of the marriage. " While this standard applies to all divorces, its application becomes exponentially more complex when substantial assets, business interests, and sophisticated financial structures are involved. The stakes are higher, the timeline is longer, and the margin for error is nonexistent. What Qualifies as a High Net Worth Divorce in Texas? Generally, a high net worth divorce involves marital estates valued at one million dollars or more. Once a couple's combined assets exceed ten million dollars, the case enters what financial professionals classify as ultra high net worth territory. Forbes defines this threshold as households with a net worth of at least $10,374,030, placing them in the top one percent of American households. The distinction matters because each wealth tier presents fundamentally different challenges. A couple dividing a million-dollar estate typically deals with home equity, retirement accounts, and perhaps a small business. A couple dividing a hundred-million-dollar estate confronts offshore holdings, private equity interests, dynasty trusts, and asset structures specifically designed to make valuation and division difficult. The legal strategies, expert requirements, and timelines differ dramatically between these scenarios. How Texas Community Property Law Affects High Net Worth Divorce Texas is one of nine community property states, meaning that nearly all assets acquired during the marriage belong equally to both spouses regardless of who earned the income or whose name appears on the title. This foundational principle shapes every aspect of high net worth divorce proceedings in Texas. Under Texas Family Code Section 3. 002, community property includes all property acquired by either spouse during the marriage except property acquired by gift, devise, or descent. The presumption works powerfully: everything owned on the day of divorce is presumed to be community property. A spouse claiming that an asset constitutes separate property bears the burden of proving that claim by clear and convincing evidence, a higher standard than the typical preponderance of the evidence used in most civil matters. This burden creates significant challenges in high net worth cases where assets have been held, invested, and transformed over decades of marriage. An inheritance received twenty years ago may have been deposited into a joint account, used to purchase real estate titled in both names, or commingled with community funds in ways that make tracing extraordinarily difficult. Without meticulous documentation and expert... > Before making any rash decisions about moving with your child, contact a top child custody relocation attorney with the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-02-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-custody-relocation/ Texas Child Custody Relocation Attorney (2023) What you need to know about Texas Child Custody Relocation Laws A divorced parent could have many reasons for relocating with their children. Whether it’s for a new job, moving closer to family, or looking for a fresh start after a divorce, there are plenty of reasonable motivations for relocating. Such a move, however, typically requires both parents to be on top of their rights and responsibilities under Texas child custody laws. If you need child custody help, it's important to consult with a child custody relocation attorney before making any ill-advised moves. In this post, the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group will explain the Texas relocation laws and what is necessary to relocate your child. Can I relocate my child if I have sole managing conservatorship in Texas? In some instances, one parent is identified as the child’s sole managing conservator. In Texas, sole managing conservatorship is essentially the same as having the sole legal decision-making for the child. A parent with sole managing conservatorship typically has the exclusive right to make all critical decisions for the child. These decisions include deciding on the child’s primary home without any restrictions. What does this mean? It means sole managing conservators typically don’t need permission from a Texas court or the other parent to relocate the child, regardless of whether it’s to a different state. It’s a good practice to give proper notice of the move to the other parent. A child custody relocation attorney can help facilitate such a move. Can I relocate my child with a Joint Managing Conservatorship in Texas? Joint managing conservatorships are more common in Texas, and relocation options are more complicated. Unless there is a history of domestic violence or abuse, Texas courts are likely to grant joint managing custody to the parents. In these arrangements, both parents share legal decision-making responsibilities for most child-related matters. And Texas law generally finds that it’s better for the child if the parents remain relatively close. Take note: Even if the parents share joint legal custody, that doesn’t always equate to equal time with the child. One parent is often granted primary physical custody of the child. Neither parent has the exclusive right to relocate the child in a joint managing conservatorship. One parent’s ability to relocate the child depends on any geographic restrictions in the initial custody agreement. In Texas, many joint custody arrangements limit the primary residence of the child to one or more Texas counties. If one parent wants to relocate the child beyond the geographic restrictions previously agreed to, they’ll need to modify the joint managing conservatorship arrangement. The most common way to secure a modification is with a consent agreement with the other parent. However, if the other parent declines, there are other options available. A Texas court could deny relocation if it has cause to believe the intent of the move is to interfere in the child’s relationship with the other parent. The experienced child custody... > Here is what you will want to know if you are contemplating divorce in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-02-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/divorce/ Divorce in Texas Explained A Texas divorce dissolves your marriage through a court process governed by the Texas Family Code. Texas allows both no-fault and fault-based divorce, requires a 60-day waiting period after filing, and divides property using a "just and right" standard rather than an automatic 50/50 split. Divorce is one of the most significant legal events of your life — emotionally, financially, and practically. The decisions made during this process affect your property, your retirement, and most importantly, your children. You deserve attorneys who understand what is at stake and fight for outcomes that protect your future. Why Families Choose Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett's Family Law Group is led by J. Turner Thornton, a Partner, licensed mediator, and experienced trial attorney who has guided hundreds of individuals and families through divorce, custody disputes, and property division. Our team of dedicated family law attorneys operates from four offices across Texas and brings deep courtroom experience to every case — whether resolved through negotiation or tried before a judge or jury. You've Seen Us On We serve clients across Texas. Learn more about our divorce attorneys in your area: Fort Worth Divorce Attorney Southlake Divorce Attorney Denton County Divorce Attorney Dallas Divorce Lawyer What Is a Divorce in Texas? Divorce is the legal dissolution of a valid marriage. In Texas, a marriage is presumed valid unless there is fraud, mistake, or illegality involved in its formation. The state recognizes two ways a marriage can end: death or divorce. While annulments exist as a third option, they apply only when a marriage should never have been formed in the first place — such as in cases of bigamy or when a legal impediment was concealed. Texas does not recognize legal separation. If you and your spouse are living apart, any property either of you acquires during that time remains community property until a divorce is finalized. This makes it especially important to understand your rights and obligations from the moment you begin considering divorce. What Are the Grounds for Divorce in Texas? Texas allows for both no-fault and fault-based divorce. The ground you choose — or your spouse chooses — can affect how the court divides your marital property. No-Fault Divorce: Insupportability The vast majority of Texas divorces are filed on the ground of insupportability, governed by Texas Family Code § 6. 001. Insupportability means the marriage has become incompatible due to conflict or discord to a degree that reconciliation is not reasonably expected. You may hear other states call this "irreconcilable differences. " No proof of wrongdoing is required, and either spouse can file on this ground. Fault-Based Grounds for Divorce in Texas Texas recognizes six fault-based grounds for divorce. Proving fault can lead to a disproportionate share of the community estate for the non-offending spouse. Those grounds are: Cruelty (FC § 6. 002): Treatment that makes living together insufferable. Adultery (FC § 6. 003): A spouse's extramarital affair. Felony conviction (FC § 6. 004): The other spouse was convicted... > Use of this website is at the user’s own risk and Varghese Summersett PLLC disclaims all liability with respect to actions taken here - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-05-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/disclaimer/ Attorney Advertising. The information contained on this website is provided by Varghese Summersett PLLC for general informational purposes only. This website constitutes attorney advertising under the rules of professional conduct of the State Bar of Texas, the State Bar of New Mexico, and the Supreme Court of Arkansas. Advertising does not indicate a guarantee of results. No Legal Advice Nothing on this website should be construed as legal advice for any individual case or situation. The information presented on this site is general in nature and is not intended to be a substitute for legal advice from a licensed attorney. Do not assume you will get a complete or accurate answer to your legal questions just by reading an attorney’s website. The information on this website may not apply to your specific case. Reading, viewing, downloading, printing, or otherwise accessing the content of this website does not create an attorney-client relationship with Varghese Summersett PLLC or any of its attorneys. The law changes frequently and varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and the application of the law to any particular set of facts requires the advice of a licensed attorney. You should not act or refrain from acting based on information on this website without seeking the advice of a licensed attorney in your jurisdiction. No Attorney-Client Relationship An attorney-client relationship with Varghese Summersett PLLC is formed only when (1) you have signed a written engagement agreement with the firm and (2) the firm has agreed in writing to represent you. Submitting information through this website — including through contact forms, chat windows, email links, telephone calls, text messages, or any other communication channel — does not, by itself, create an attorney-client relationship and does not obligate the firm to represent you. Until an attorney-client relationship has been formally established in writing, please do not send any confidential or time-sensitive information to the firm. Any information you send before such a relationship is established may not be treated as confidential or privileged. Past Results Descriptions and summaries of prior cases, verdicts, settlements, awards, recognitions, ratings, or client testimonials on this website are intended only to provide information about the activities and experience of our attorneys and should not be understood as a guarantee or assurance of future success in any matter. The results portrayed were dependent on a variety of facts and circumstances unique to the particular matters described, and do not reflect the entire record of the individual attorney(s) involved. Past results are not a guarantee, warranty, or prediction of future outcomes, and prior results do not guarantee a similar outcome. Every case is unique and must be evaluated on its own merits, without comparison to other cases that may have had different facts and circumstances. Results obtained for prior clients are not necessarily typical. The selection of a lawyer is an important decision that should not be based solely upon advertisements or self-proclaimed expertise. Board Certification and Areas of Practice Texas Board Certification statements on this website refer to... > Facing a child custody case in Fort Worth? Learn how Tarrant County family courts decide conservatorship, possession, and SAPCR cases — and how our Fort Worth child custody lawyer can help. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-06-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-custody/ Child Custody in Fort Worth In Texas, child custody is legally called conservatorship. It is the right to make decisions about your child's life — where your child lives, where they go to school in Fort Worth ISD, Keller ISD, or another Tarrant County district, and what medical care they receive. If you live in Fort Worth or anywhere in Tarrant County, your custody case will be decided in one of the Tarrant County family district courts in downtown Fort Worth. Our Fort Worth child custody lawyers appear in these courts every week and know how each judge approaches custody disputes. Why Hire Our Fort Worth Child Custody Lawyers? The firms ranking alongside us lead with experience — and so do we. Varghese Summersett is headquartered in downtown Fort Worth, minutes from the Family Law Center, and our family law team handles custody disputes, modifications, enforcement, and relocation cases in Tarrant County courtrooms every week. Board Certified leadership — our family law team includes Craig Jacobson, Board Certified in Family Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction earned by a small fraction of Texas attorneys. 80+ years of combined local family law experience — in Tarrant County courtrooms, before Tarrant County judges. More than 1,100 five-star Google reviews from clients across Fort Worth and North Texas. Named to the Inc. 5000 list of fastest-growing companies three times — a firm built in Fort Worth, for Fort Worth families. Where Are Child Custody Cases Heard in Fort Worth? Custody cases for Fort Worth families are filed with the Tarrant County District Clerk and randomly assigned to one of the six Tarrant County family district courts at the Family Law Center, 200 E. Weatherford Street in downtown Fort Worth — a few blocks from our office. Knowing how the specific judge assigned to your case approaches custody disputes is one of the biggest advantages of hiring a local attorney who appears in these courts every week. Types of Child Custody (Conservatorship) in Texas Joint Managing Conservatorship Both parents share the rights and duties of raising the child. This is the presumption in Tarrant County courts — judges start from the position that children benefit from both parents being involved. Sole Managing Conservatorship One parent has the exclusive right to make major decisions for the child. Fort Worth judges grant this only when there is a strong reason, such as family violence, child abuse or neglect, a serious criminal history, or a parent's absence from the child's life. Possessory Conservatorship The noncustodial parent. This parent typically pays child support and has court-ordered visitation, usually under a Standard Possession Order. Type Who Decides for the Child When Tarrant County Courts Use It Joint Managing Conservator Both parents share decision-making, though one parent usually has the exclusive right to designate the child's primary residence. The default in most Fort Worth custody cases when both parents are fit. Sole Managing Conservator One parent makes the major decisions about residence, education, and medical care.... > In Texas, alimony or spousal support is not guaranteed. Whether you will receive it (or have to pay it) depends on many factors, including the length of the marriage. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2025-12-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/alimony-spousal-support/ Texas Alimony: Are You Entitled to Spousal Support? Texas courts can order spousal maintenance (the legal term for alimony in Texas), but only if you meet specific requirements under Texas Family Code Chapter 8. You must prove you lack enough property or income to meet basic needs AND satisfy at least one qualifying condition: a marriage of 10+ years, a disability, caring for a disabled child, or domestic violence by your spouse within two years of filing. Unlike most states, Texas limits spousal support to a maximum of $5,000 per month or 20% of the paying spouse's gross income, whichever is less. Courts also cap how long payments last based on your marriage length. Understanding these strict limits is essential before entering divorce negotiations. Who Qualifies for Spousal Maintenance in Texas? Texas Family Code Section 8. 051 sets two requirements you must meet. First, you must show you don't have enough property (including your share of marital assets) to provide for your minimum reasonable needs. Second, you must fit into one of four categories. The 10-year marriage rule. If you were married at least 10 years and cannot earn enough income to meet your basic needs, you may qualify. The court will examine why you can't support yourself. Factors include your education, job skills, work history, and the job market in your area. Disability. If you have a physical or mental disability that prevents you from earning enough to cover basic expenses, you may qualify regardless of marriage length. Caring for a disabled child. If you have custody of a child from the marriage who requires substantial care due to a physical or mental disability, and that caregiving prevents you from working, you may qualify. Family violence. If your spouse was convicted of or received deferred adjudication for domestic violence within two years before the divorce was filed (or while the divorce is pending), you may qualify for maintenance even without meeting other requirements. How Much Spousal Support Can You Receive in Texas? Texas caps spousal maintenance at the lesser of $5,000 per month or 20% of the paying spouse's average monthly gross income. This statutory cap under Section 8. 055 applies regardless of your financial need or your spouse's wealth. For example, if your spouse earns $15,000 per month gross, the maximum maintenance would be $3,000 (20% of gross income). If your spouse earns $30,000 monthly, the cap is $5,000, not $6,000. Courts don't automatically award the maximum. They consider what you actually need to cover basic expenses like housing, food, transportation, and healthcare after the divorce. How Long Does Spousal Maintenance Last? Texas law limits the duration of spousal support based on your marriage length and circumstances. Under Section 8. 054, the maximum periods are: Situation Maximum Duration Family violence conviction (any marriage length) 5 years Marriage of 10-19 years 5 years Marriage of 20-29 years 7 years Marriage of 30+ years 10 years Spouse or child with severe disability Indefinite These are maximums, not guarantees. Courts order... > November is National Adoption Awareness Month. Learn how you can help children in need of forever homes. Fort Worth Adoption Lawyers. (817) 900-3220. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/adoption/ Fort Worth Adoption Lawyer | Texas Adoptions Adoption Adoptions are one of the most rewarding aspects of being a family lawyer. Adoptions can take many forms in Texas, including adoptions by stepparents or grandparents, private adoptions, agency adoptions, international adoptions, and even contested adoptions. Adoptions involve a number of legal questions regarding the rights of the adoptive parents, the rights of the biological parents, where the child is before and after the adoption is complete, as well as issues that arise when the child is in a different state or even country. These legal issues will also determine what happens in the future if a biological parent wants to assert parental rights. It is important to have a sound legal strategy that answers these questions on the front end to avoid things that can cause disruptions in the future. November is National Adoption Awareness Month There are currently more than 117,000 children in foster care waiting for permanent, loving homes. Hopefully, this month that number will be lower. November is National Adoption Awareness Month, a nationwide initiative to raise awareness and bring attention to the need for permanent families for youth in the foster care system. All across the country this month, events will be held to educate the public about adoption and finalize the adoptions of thousands of children. When did National Adoption Awareness Month Begin? Now celebrating its 17th year, National Adoption Awareness Month actually started as National Adoption Week in 1984 with the goal of encouraging and promoting the adoption of children, particularly those with special needs, and to recognize the couples who open their hearts and homes to children to create a family. In 1995, the week of recognition was extended to a month in an effort to raise even more awareness and give every child waiting to be adopted a better chance at becoming part of a family. Although people are more informed about adoptions and there are more resources for families than ever before, the issues still exist. The lack of adoption opportunities can have lasting, negative impacts on the children who find themselves in the foster system by no fault of their own. These children are more likely to experience homelessness, extended unemployment, and poor educational outcomes. That's why it's so important for communities, courts, and child advocates to come together and facilitate adoptions. What is National Adoption Day? The month culminates on the Saturday before Thanksgiving with National Adoption Day. On this day, the dreams of thousands of children come true just before the holidays when their adoptions become finalized. Since its inception, more than 400 cities have had events and more than 70,000 children have been adopted on National Adoption Day. Last year alone, nearly 5,000 children were adopted throughout the country on National Adoption Day. On National Adoption Day, which will be recognized on Nov. 17 this year, usually serious courtrooms will come alive with stuffed animals, balloons, and smiling faces as communities come together to celebrate new families. How... > Establishing paternity in Texas can be accomplished a number of ways. It doesn’t always involve marrying the child’s mother. Learn about establishing paternity. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/paternity/ Establishing Paternity in Texas What is paternity? Paternity is more than just the idea of being a dad, it is a legal status that creates specific rights, as well as obligations. Basically, it is the legal identification of a child’s father. Why is it important to establish paternity in Texas? By establishing paternity in Texas, the father ensures his child is eligible for child support and other benefits, including insurance, inheritance, and veteran-survivor benefits. It may come as a surprise, but a child born to unwed parents does not have a legal father under Texas law. Similarly, having your name on the birth certificate is not enough the make a person the legal father. If the father and mother separate, legal paternity establishes parental rights for the father. It enables a father to access a child’s school and medical records, ask a court for custody, and potentially be granted child support. Before a mother can get a court to order child support, paternity must be established. Plus, by establishing paternity in Texas, a child becomes eligible for the father's benefits, such as medical and social security benefits. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=VSWMCNHU_uI The Importance of Establishing Paternity for the Child and the Father Establishing paternity is important for several reasons. For the child, it can provide a sense of identity and help to establish a relationship with the biological father. It can also provide the child with access to financial and medical support from the father, as well as access to family medical history and other important information. For the father, establishing paternity can give him legal rights and responsibilities, such as the right to visit the child and the responsibility to provide financial and medical support. It can also give the father the right to make important decisions about the child's upbringing and future, such as decisions about education and health care. Who can bring a paternity action to establish paternity? In Texas, paternity actions can be brought by the child’s mother, a man claiming to be the father of the child, a government agency, or the child (including a child’s legal representative). Common Issues and Challenges in Paternity Cases Despite the importance of establishing paternity, there are several common issues and challenges that can arise in paternity cases. One common issue is a lack of cooperation from the alleged father. In some cases, the man may deny that he is the father or refuse to participate in DNA testing. Another issue is the issue of mistaken paternity. This occurs when a man is incorrectly named as the father of a child and is later determined not to be the biological father. This can lead to complex legal and emotional issues for both the man and the child. Finally, there may be issues related to child support and custody. In some cases, the father may contest a child support order, arguing that he is not the biological father of the child. Similarly, the father may contest a custody order, arguing... > Do grandparents have legal rights to their grandchildren in Texas? The answer may surprise you. Learn about grandparent rights in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/grandparent-rights/ Grandparents in Texas do not have an automatic right to visitation or custody of their grandchildren. Texas courts presume that a fit parent acts in their child's best interest and has the authority to decide who can see their child. However, under Chapter 153 of the Texas Family Code, grandparents can petition for court-ordered visitation or custody in specific circumstances. Winning grandparent visitation or custody requires meeting strict legal standards. You must prove that denying access would significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional well-being. This is a high burden, and courts do not grant these requests simply because a grandparent-grandchild relationship would benefit the child. What Rights Do Grandparents Have Under Texas Law? Texas law allows grandparents to seek two types of legal relief: visitation (called "possession and access") and custody (called "conservatorship"). Neither is guaranteed. Every state has some form of grandparent access law, but Texas courts strongly favor parental rights after the U. S. Supreme Court's decision in Troxel v. Granville (2000). The Troxel case established that fit parents have a constitutional right to make decisions about who can see their children. Judges cannot simply order grandparent visitation because they believe it would benefit the child. Instead, grandparents must overcome the presumption that the parent's decision to deny access is in the child's best interest. When Can a Grandparent Get Court-Ordered Visitation in Texas? To receive court-ordered visitation over a parent's objection, a grandparent must satisfy all three requirements under Section 153. 433 of the Texas Family Code: Requirement 1: At least one biological or adoptive parent must still have parental rights (not terminated). Requirement 2: The grandparent must prove that denial of access would significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional well-being. This is not about showing the child would benefit from visits. You must demonstrate actual harm from the denial. Requirement 3: The grandparent must be a parent of one of the child's parents, and that parent must have one of these situations apply: been incarcerated in the three months before filing, been found incompetent by a court, died, or lost actual or court-ordered possession of the child. Meeting these requirements is difficult. Courts take parental rights seriously, and grandparents should expect to present substantial evidence of harm to the child. How Can a Grandparent Get Custody of a Grandchild in Texas? Grandparents do not have an automatic right to custody. To seek conservatorship, a grandparent must file a lawsuit called a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship (SAPCR). Before filing, you need to meet at least one of these prerequisites: Parental consent: Both parents agree the child should live with the grandparents. Abuse or neglect: The grandparent can prove the child is suffering abuse or neglect by the parents. This typically requires evidence such as CPS involvement or documented incidents. Existing guardianship: A court has already appointed the grandparent as the child's guardian. Established residency: The child has lived with the grandparent for at least six months. During this time, the grandparent must... > A Texas postnuptial argreement is similar to a prenupital agreement except that occur during the marriage, rather than before. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/postnuptial-agreement/ What is a Postnuptial Agreement in Texas? A Texas postnuptial agreement is a legally binding contract signed by a married couple that defines how property, finances, and assets will be divided in the event of divorce or the death of a spouse. It works like a prenuptial agreement in every practical sense — except it is signed after the wedding, not before. Postnuptial agreements have grown increasingly common as marriages evolve and financial circumstances change. Whether a spouse starts a business, receives an inheritance, or simply wants more financial clarity, a postnuptial agreement gives couples a way to protect what matters most — on their own terms, while they are still working together. Why Varghese Summersett for Your Texas Postnuptial Agreement? Varghese Summersett Family Law Group serves clients across Texas with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our family law team has decades of combined experience handling marital property agreements for couples at every stage of life and financial situation. We understand that approaching your spouse about a postnuptial agreement can feel uncomfortable. Our attorneys handle these conversations with discretion and care — guiding both parties toward an agreement that is fair, valid, and built to last. You've Seen Us On What Is a Texas Postnuptial Agreement? Texas law refers to a postnuptial agreement as a marital property agreement, governed by Texas Family Code § 4. 102. It is a written contract between spouses that can convert community property to separate property, convert separate property to community property, or establish how assets and debts will be divided if the marriage ends. Because Texas is a community property state, most assets acquired during a marriage belong equally to both spouses. A postnuptial agreement allows couples to override that default and make their own arrangements while still on good terms. The key distinction between a prenuptial agreement and a postnuptial agreement is timing. A prenup is signed before the wedding. A postnup is signed during the marriage. The legal requirements are similar, but courts apply additional scrutiny to postnuptial agreements because both parties are already in a relationship that may create unequal bargaining power. What Are the Legal Requirements for a Valid Texas Postnuptial Agreement? Under Texas Family Code § 4. 102 and § 4. 103, a postnuptial agreement is enforceable only if it meets all of the following requirements: In writing: Oral agreements are not enforceable. The agreement must be a written document. Signed by both spouses: Both parties must execute the agreement. One-sided signatures are invalid. Voluntary execution: Both spouses must enter the agreement of their own free will. Any evidence of coercion, pressure, or duress can void the agreement entirely. Full financial disclosure: Both spouses must disclose all assets, income, and liabilities. Concealing property or debt is grounds for a court to throw out the agreement. Fairness: The agreement must not be unconscionable — meaning it cannot be so one-sided that enforcing it would be grossly unjust. Under Texas Family Code § 4. 105, a court will... > A prenuptial agreement, or "pre-nup," is a contract that designates what happens to your financial assets in case of death or divorce. Learn more. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2025-09-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/prenuptial-agreement/ What is a Prenuptial Agreement? Pre-Marital Agreements A pre-marital, prenuptial, or antenuptial agreement is a contract that predetermines financial and property obligations for a couple getting married. This type of agreement is only enforceable upon marriage. Prenuptial agreements, or "prenups," settle financial issues and create a sense of ease about one's financial future. Some people may think they are offensive, unromantic, or rude, but in reality, it is simply a contract that helps you designate what happens to your financial assets in case of death or divorce. This type of agreement is one way of accumulating and disposing of property rights, even when that property is not tangible. What is the purpose of a prenuptial agreement? The point of a pre-marital agreement is to protect your interests and to prevent one person from making decisions about the property. https://youtu. be/FaCyNiT225g Why you should consider a prenuptial agreement Texas has a statute governing pre-marital agreements, and because Texas is a no-fault divorce state, you want to be sure you have as much control as possible over your assets in case of divorce. There are many reasons to get a pre-marital agreement. The type of property you have or hope to have may dictate how you divide assets in your pre-marital agreement. Separate property is property acquired through gift, devise (property disposed of in a will), or descent (inherited property). Additionally, some personal injury recovery and gifts made after marriage may be separate property. Community property is property acquired during marriage that belongs to both spouses and is subject to be split in divorce proceedings. A pre-marital agreement can also make community property separate property or to make separate property community property. Depending on the type of property, it may be beneficial to you to divide assets and discuss how property will be split in case of death or divorce, whether that property is separate or community property. If you have child support obligations from a previous relationship, you can use a prenup to ensure that your assets are protected for your children, from your current or prior relationship, in the event of divorce or death. If you have property, such as an heirloom or sentimental object, that you want to remain in your family in case of death or divorce, you can keep it in your family with a prenuptial agreement. If you earn significantly more than your partner, a prenuptial agreement is a good way to limit the amount you will be subject to pay in spousal support in case of divorce. If you earn less money than your future spouse or you plan to quit your job to raise kids, a prenuptial agreement can help you receive financial support in case of divorce and can ensure there is a fair split financially for both spouses in raising the children. In essence, a pre-marital agreement can help you preserve your assets, apportion debt, and address anything from personal issues to pet care. Do you need to get a prenuptial agreement?... > Questions about child support in Texas? Here's some answers to frequently asked questions, including how much you could have to pay. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2024-05-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family-law/child-support/ Child Support | How is Child Support Calculated in Texas? Child Support in Texas Child support is money paid by one or both parents to care for the child, often as a result of court order, until the child is 18, or graduated from high school (whichever event occurs later). The court may end child support payments if any of the following occur: Emancipation of the child; Enlistment in the military by the child; Marriage of the child (though the child would still need to be emancipated to get married before the age of 18); Death of the child; or If the parent paying support is found to not be the parent by genetic test (i. e. a blood test). In some cases, child support may continue indefinitely, such as when a child develops a disability before they turn 18. The Family Code establishes a baseline for what a party may have to pay in child support. If the court finds that the minimum child support requirements are insufficient to meet the child’s needs, the court can order an increased amount. If the court finds that the amount is too burdensome on the paying parent, the court can order a child support value below the guideline https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=gOXjbkXDk5M How is child support calculated in Texas? Child support is calculated using your pay after taxes and guidelines from the state of Texas. Net income is income after deductions are taken out. Here is a breakdown of what you can generally expect to pay. 1 kid: 20% of net income (from the noncustodial parent) 2 kids: 25% of net income 3 kids: 30% of net income 4 kids: 35% of net income 5+ kids: 40% of net income Remember, even if you are not employed, you still have to pay child support, per the court order. Above and Below Guideline Child Support Texas has guidelines for assessing the amount of child support one should pay. Those guidelines are, however, not always appropriate. If a client is seeking above-guideline child support, the law requires a valid reason. Some such reasons may be that the child has extraordinary expenses due to extracurricular activities, due to medical expenses or medical conditions, or due to educational disabilities. All of those are reasons to ask the court for above guideline support. If a client is seeking lower than guideline support because of their income limitations, the court may look at factors such as inconsistent income. Most judges will not set a $0 child support, because it is not in the best interests of the child (BIC). If there has been a previously executed Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA), then the court is bound to the MSA. What if the parent who pays child support dies? If a parent who is obligated to pay child support dies before the obligation terminates, the remaining unpaid balance becomes payable on the date the obligated parent dies. If a managing conservator dies, the other parent still maintains a duty to... > Facing an aggravated assault charge in Collin County? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Collin County aggravated assault lawyer. - Published: 2024-02-16 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/aggravated-assault/ Collin County Aggravated Assault Lawyer Aggravated assault is not only one of the more common offenses in Texas, it’s also one of the more serious. Aggravated assault is a felony that can result in harsh penalties, including prison time and a permanent record. If you have been accused of aggravated assault, it’s crucial to contact a Collin County aggravated assault lawyer immediately. Our team has defended hundreds of assault charges in North Texas and will stand as your first line of defense against the prosecution. Collin County Aggravated Assault Lawyer, Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper, Carrollton and Surrounding Areas In this article, our attorneys discuss the crime and consequences of aggravated assault in North Texas and your best chance at beating these charges. Be sure to watch the highly informative videos below by Collin County Aggravated Assault Lawyer Benson Varghese, who is Board Certified in Criminal Law. What is Aggravated Assault in Texas? A person can be charged with aggravated assault in number of ways in Texas. According to Section 22. 02 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits aggravated assault if he or she: intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to a victim and the suspect uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault; or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly threatens bodily injury to a victim and the suspect uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the assault; or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes serious bodily injury to a victim To be convicted of aggravated assault, the prosecution must prove each element of the offense. Below, we break down what these elements mean, starting with mental states. But first, Benson Varghese explains how you can face up to 20 years in prison for aggravated assault without even injuring anyone. https://www. youtube. com/embed/3KKAO85NaAg What is “intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly” in Texas? Intentionally A person acts intentionally when he or she acts with a “conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result. ” An example would be if a person points a gun at an individual and pulls the trigger. He or she intended to cause the result (shooting the person). Knowingly A person acts knowingly when he or she is “aware that the conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. ” An example of a knowing act would be if a person discharges a gun in the direction of a group of people. The person may not have intended to shoot the person, but the actor should have known that shooting at a group of people was reasonably certain to cause the result. Recklessly A person acts recklessly when he or she is aware but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that a result will occur. An example of this would be if someone shot a gun in the air and the stray bullet hit someone. He or she did not intend to shoot anyone, and may not have known anyone was nearby, but ought to have been aware of the... > how Varghese Summersett (“the Firm”) collects, uses, and discloses certain personal information obtained through our global public websites - Published: 2024-02-15 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/privacy-policy/ Effective Date: May 11, 2026 Last Updated: May 11, 2026 Varghese Summersett PLLC (“Varghese Summersett,” “the Firm,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) respects your privacy. This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, use, disclose, and protect personal information when you visit https://versustexas. com (the “Site”), contact us through the Site, or otherwise interact with our online services. This Privacy Policy does not apply to information collected through in-person consultations, telephone calls outside of our website intake, court filings, or our existing attorney-client engagements, which are governed by our engagement agreements and applicable rules of professional conduct. The attorney responsible for the content of this Site is Benson Varghese, Managing Partner, Varghese Summersett PLLC, 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700, Fort Worth, Texas 76102. 1. Important Notice About Confidential Information Submitting information through this Site does not create an attorney-client relationship with Varghese Summersett. An attorney-client relationship is formed only after we have conducted a conflict check, agreed to represent you, and you have signed a written engagement agreement. Until that occurs, please do not send us any information you consider confidential, privileged, or sensitive through the public-facing forms or unencrypted email. Information sent before an attorney-client relationship is established may not be protected by the attorney-client privilege. 2. Information We Collect We collect the following categories of personal information: Identifiers and contact information you provide, including name, email address, phone number, mailing address, and similar identifiers submitted through contact forms, intake forms, newsletter sign-ups, event registrations, or chat tools. Communication content, including the substance of messages, intake form responses, chat conversations, voicemails, and other communications you send to us through the Site. Case-related information you voluntarily submit when seeking a consultation, which may include details about criminal charges, accidents and injuries, family circumstances, or other matters. Some of this information may qualify as sensitive personal information under applicable law. Technical and device information automatically collected when you visit the Site, including IP address, browser type and version, operating system, device identifiers, referring URL, pages viewed, time spent, and similar usage data. Marketing and advertising data, including information about how you arrived at our Site, advertising campaigns you interacted with, and conversion events. SMS/text message information if you provide your phone number through our intake forms and consent to receive text messages, including your number, message content, and delivery metadata. 3. Sources of Information We collect personal information from you directly, from your device automatically when you use the Site, and from third parties such as advertising platforms, analytics providers, referral sources, co-counsel, and publicly available sources. 4. How We Use Personal Information We use personal information to: Respond to inquiries, schedule consultations, and conduct conflict checks Provide legal services to clients and communicate about active matters Send newsletters, event invitations, legal updates, and other marketing communications (which you may unsubscribe from at any time) Operate, secure, maintain, and improve the Site Measure and analyze Site traffic, marketing performance, and user engagement Deliver targeted advertising on third-party platforms Comply with legal obligations, court... > Thank you for visiting the Varghese Summersett PLLC's website. You can call our office at (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-15 - Modified: 2024-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/sitemap/ Sitemap > Meet the attorneys and our team at Varghese Summersett, a Texas trial law firm handling criminal defense, personal injury, divorce, and family law in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2026-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/our-team/ Our Team | Varghese Summersett Attorneys & Staff Skip to content The Team When your freedom, your family, or your future is on the line, this is the team you want. Varghese Summersett is a boutique Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. We handle criminal defense, personal injury, and family law. When it's your freedom, your family, or your future on the line, you do not want the firm that takes everything. You want the firm that takes your case seriously. Our Criminal Defense Team Ten attorneys. Four Board Certified Criminal Specialists — the highest designation a Texas criminal defense lawyer can earn. Every partner has previously served as a state or federal prosecutor. More than 700 jury trials between them. This is the firm prosecutors hire when they get charged. Our Family Law Team Led by Turner Thornton, our family law group handles divorce, custody, and high-asset property division across DFW. The team has handled thousands of cases. We push for resolution when resolution serves you, and we try cases when it does not. Our Personal Injury Team Ty Stimpson and Benson Varghese lead the firm's personal injury practice. Benson started his career as an insurance claims adjuster — so we know how the other side values cases, what they hide, and how to make them pay. We fight the insurance companies. We do not work for them. Search Category All Attorneys Staff Division All Firm Leadership Criminal Division Juvenile Family Division Personal Injury Marketing Human Resources Firm Administration Clear Benson Varghese Managing Partner Tiffany Burks Division Lead Turner Thornton Division Lead Ty Stimpson Division Lead Anna Summersett Partner Christy Jack Partner Craig Jackson Partner Damian Williams Partner Dena L. Wilson Partner Letty Martinez Partner Lisa Herrick Partner Katie Steele Senior Counsel Mike Hanson Senior Counsel Alex Thornton Senior Associate Kristen Carr Senior Associate Sheena Winkfield Senior Associate Audrey Hatcher Associate Cassidy Terrazas Associate Hailey Klingbeil Associate McKenzie Coe Associate Michael Livens Associate Taylor Brumbaugh Associate Laura Richardson Of Counsel Airos Gilchrist Executive Assistant Alex Iacomini Paralegal Allison Martin Paralegal Amanda Delagrange Paralegal Andrew Goode Multimedia Director Bresha Shepherd Intake Director Carmen Griffith Client Relations Specialist Celina Rodriguez Client Relations Specialist Emrey Mullins Engagement Lead Isaac Holmberg Videographer Jen Saperstein Development Lead Jeromy Kitchen Paralegal Julie Lystad Intake Director Kate Daniel Paralegal Katie Mast Senior Paralegal Kayleigh Conley Intake Specialist Mary Ellen Pratt Marketing Associate Melody Lanier Media Relations Director Morgan Hackwell Paralegal Natasha Walkup Senior Case Manager Rachel Morris Client Experience Representative Rebecca Cardona Senior Case Manager Savanna Wyse Intake Specialist Shantae Haymer Senior Paralegal No team members match those filters. Try clearing your search. Join Us Build a career, not a job. We are not building a typical law firm. We are building the firm Texas attorneys send their friends and family to — and that takes a team that believes the work matters. Competitive pay. Real mentorship. A bench full of people who win. If that sounds like the room... > Our top Texas car accident lawyer explains what you should do after a car accident and how to maximize your recovery. - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/car-accidents/ Texas Car Accident Lawyer | Car Wreck Lawyer We know that car accidents can lead to serious injuries, financial strain, and emotional distress. We understand the burden being injured in a car accident causes. Injuries keep you from work, your family, and the things you enjoy. You’re facing lost wages while your medical expenses mount. We know these are things that can keep you from getting the treatment you need. Insurance companies also know this and will often try to low-ball offers or even deny claims. This is why we have a no-fee guarantee. There are no legal fees unless we win your case. That allows you to focus on recovery, rather than how you are going to pay your next bill. Our Texas car accident lawyers have the experience in and out of the courtroom to help you navigate the complex legal landscape, ensuring you receive the compensation you deserve. We will handle everything from negotiating with insurance companies to representing you in court if necessary. We have recovered millions of dollars for our clients in personal injury claims. https://youtu. be/Kde_mqev9sU Insider knowledge to get you the best outcome in a car accident claim We are more than a team of Texas car accident lawyers. We have helped countless people get the compensation they deserve after being seriously injured in a wreck. Our founder, Partner Benson Varghese, worked as an insurance adjuster before going to law school. His expertise in how insurance claims are handled by the other side combined with his extensive trial experience makes Varghese Summersett a formidable adversary to any insurance company or corporation defending a car accident case. We have insider knowledge when it comes to the ins and outs of the insurance claims process and we will fight to ensure you are fairly compensated for your medical bills, vehicle repairs, lost wages, and other damages. Why we wrote this article In this article, our Texas car wreck lawyer will explain what you should do if you’ve been injured in a car wreck and answer some frequently asked questions about pursuing an insurance or personal injury claim. Why you should hire Varghese Summersett for your car accident claim First and foremost, you’d be hard-pressed to find a team with more trial experience. If there’s anything that instills fear in insurance counsel and corporate lawyers, it is someone on the other side who is at home in the courtroom. Second, we know what insurance adjusters have been taught to reduce payouts, so we know how to maximize your claim. Third, we will make sure you get the care you need even before your case is resolved. Finally, we work on a contingency fee basis. In other words, going through this process with Varghese Summersett won’t cost you a penny out of pocket. You shouldn’t have to pay for someone else’s negligence or recklessness! Experience matters. So do results. Varghese Summersett has earned over 1,000 five star Google reviews for our extraordinary care for clients and our... > Our Texas Truck Accident Lawyers handle trucking cases differently - with the seriousness they deserve. Call 817-203-2220 for a free case evaluation. - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2025-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/truck-accidents/ Top-Rated Texas Truck Accident Lawyer Sharing the road with big rigs can be nerve-wracking, especially in traffic or bad weather. Just the thought of getting into an accident with one of these 10,000-pound giants is terrifying. Our Texas Truck Accident Lawyer knows what it takes to hold truck drivers, insurance providers, and transportation companies responsible. Texas continues to lead the nation in both the number and severity of commercial truck accidents, which often result in catastrophic injuries or death. In 2023, for example, there were 549 fatal crashes involving a commercial vehicle, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. Truck Accident Lawyer Serving All of Texas If you or someone you love has been seriously injured or killed in a commercial truck accident in Texas with a big rig, 18-wheeler, semi-truck, tractor-trailer, or box truck, you may be entitled to substantial compensation from the truck driver, trucking company, cargo loader, or a negligent third-party. Rest assured: the Texas truck accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett will thoroughly investigate your case to identify all possible defendants and fight to hold them responsible for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. In this article, our personal injury lawyers explain what you should do if you’ve been seriously injured in a truck wreck and answer some frequently asked questions about pursuing an insurance or personal injury claim with our law firm. We have the experience, resources, and tenacity needed to help you secure the maximum compensation. Best of all, it won’t cost you anything up front. We work on contingency, which means we don’t get paid unless you get paid. What should you do if you’ve been involved in a truck wreck? Many people involved in wrecks with semi-trucks are seriously injured or incapacitated and unable to take any kind of action. However, if you are fortunate enough to walk away from the wreck, there are some important steps you should try to take. First and foremost, call 911 immediately to report the accident, so that police and emergency personnel respond to the scene and make reports. If you are physically able, take pictures or videos of vehicles involved, the roadway, traffic signs, highway markers – basically all of your surroundings. Be sure and get the truck driver’s and trucking company’s information, as well as the contact information of any witnesses. You should also exchange insurance information with the other driver. After gathering this important information, seek medical attention. Even if you just feel shaken up, it’s important to get checked out as soon as possible. Often, injuries from a truck wreck do not present themselves until days or even weeks after the accident. In the days following the wreck, you will likely get a call from an insurance company – either your insurance company or that of the truck driver. It’s important not to give detailed information or a statement until you have consulted with an experienced truck accident lawyer. The insurance adjusters will likely try to get you to say... > Injured in a motorcycle accident in Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2025-12-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/motorcycle-accidents/ Texas Motorcycle Accident Lawyer If you were injured in a motorcycle accident in Texas, you can pursue compensation from the at-fault driver for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas is an at-fault insurance state under Texas Insurance Code § 1952. 051, meaning the negligent party pays for your damages. An experienced Texas motorcycle accident lawyer can investigate the crash, preserve evidence, and fight to maximize your recovery. At Varghese Summersett, our team includes board-certified personal injury attorneys and former prosecutors with decades of combined experience. We have offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Our firm has earned more than 1,100 five-star reviews from clients across Texas. Below, we explain how motorcycle accident claims work in Texas and answer common questions about your legal options. What should I do after a motorcycle accident in Texas? The steps you take immediately after a motorcycle crash can make or break your ability to recover compensation. Here's what Texas motorcycle accident lawyers recommend: Call 911 and wait for police. A police report creates an official record of the accident, including the officer's observations about fault. This document becomes critical evidence in your claim. Get medical treatment immediately. Internal injuries and traumatic brain injuries may not show symptoms for hours or days. Delaying treatment also gives insurance companies an excuse to deny your claim. Document everything. Take photos of vehicle damage, road conditions, your injuries, and your helmet. Get contact information from witnesses. Do not give recorded statements to insurance companies. Adjusters are trained to get you to say things that hurt your claim. Politely decline until you speak with an attorney. Contact a Texas motorcycle accident lawyer. Most offer free consultations and work on contingency, meaning you pay nothing unless you win. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=43FHS5bckKk&t=2s Who can be held liable for a motorcycle accident in Texas? Texas follows a fault-based system for motor vehicle accidents. The driver who caused the crash is responsible for paying damages to injured parties. You can file a claim against the at-fault driver's liability insurance or sue them directly in civil court. Multiple parties may share liability in a motorcycle accident. Other motorists who failed to yield, ran red lights, or drove distracted are the most common defendants. Commercial vehicle operators and their employers can be liable under vicarious liability. Government entities may be responsible for dangerous road conditions, though the Texas Tort Claims Act limits these claims. Motorcycle manufacturers can face product liability claims for defective parts. Bars or restaurants that overserved an intoxicated driver may be liable under Texas Dram Shop laws (Tex. Alc. Bev. Code § 2. 02). At Varghese Summersett, our motorcycle accident attorneys work with accident reconstruction experts, biomechanical engineers, and medical specialists to establish exactly who caused your crash. We build cases designed to withstand insurance company challenges. What causes most motorcycle accidents in Texas? According to the Texas Department of Transportation, motorcyclists account for approximately 11% of all traffic fatalities in Texas despite representing only 2%... > Were you injured or a loved one killed while working on an oil or gas site? Call for a free consultation with our Oil Field Injury Lawyer. 817-207-4878 - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oil-gas-injuries/ Oil and Gas Accidents| Texas Injury Lawyer Oil and gas drilling is big business in Texas – and Tarrant County is no exception. There are currently 6515 active oil and gas wells in Tarrant County, most of which can be found right here in Fort Worth. The Texas Railroad Commission accounted for over 165,000 producing oil wells in Texas and 86,000 gas wells. Midland is, by far, the county that produces the most crude oil in Texas and the second-highest total gas-producing county, coming in behind Reeves County. Unfortunately, more wells mean more on-site accidents. Oil and gas workers are exposed to inherently hazardous work environments, including long hours, dangerous machinery, and hazardous chemicals. Oftentimes, oil and gas companies are more concerned about profits than workers’ safety, leaving employees or their families in devastating predicaments after a serious accident or death. If you have been injured or a loved one was killed while working on an oil or gas site in North Texas, call our oil and gas accident attorneys as soon as possible. At Varghese Summersett, we will thoroughly investigate the accident, determine everyone who is responsible, and fight to get you the maximum compensation possible. In this article, our Fort Worth oil and gas field injury lawyers will explain oil and gas field injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. We work on contingency, which means you won’t pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We get paid only after we recover compensation for you. Why are Oil and Gas Drilling Sites So Dangerous? Workers in the oil and gas industry face unique risks daily, and when accidents occur, the consequences can be devastating. Here’s a look at why oil and gas sites are so dangerous for workers. Heavy Machinery: The equipment used at oil and gas sites is often large and complex, including drilling rigs, pumps and compressors, cranes and hoists, monitoring equipment, and trucks and transportation vehicles. Accidents can occur due to equipment failure, improper use, and lack of proper training. Highly Flammable and Toxic Materials: Oil and gas sites often contain highly flammable and toxic materials, such as natural gas, crude oil, and hydrogen sulfide. Exposure to these materials can lead to fires, explosions, and health issues such as respiratory problems, skin irritation, and headaches. Working at Heights: Workers at oil and gas sites may need to work at heights, such as on drilling rigs or elevated platforms, which can increase the risk of falls and injuries. Exposure to Extreme Weather: Oil and gas sites are often located in remote areas with harsh weather conditions, such as extreme heat or cold, high winds, and heavy rain or snow. Exposure to these conditions can increase the risk of heatstroke, hypothermia, and other weather-related injuries. Transportation Risks: Workers at oil and gas sites may need to drive long distances to reach the job site, often in remote areas with limited access to emergency services. Transportation accidents can occur due to fatigue, poor road... > Our Fort Worth Wrongful Death Lawyer is experienced in securing verdicts that effect change to prevent future losses. - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death/ A wrongful death occurs in Texas when someone dies due to another party's negligence, carelessness, or wrongful act. Under Chapter 71 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, surviving family members can file a civil lawsuit against the responsible party to recover compensation for their losses. If your loved one died because of someone else's actions, a Texas wrongful death lawyer at Varghese Summersett can help you understand your legal options and fight for the justice your family deserves. Losing a family member is devastating. The grief, confusion, and anger can feel overwhelming. You may be entitled to monetary damages for medical and funeral expenses, lost wages and benefits, and pain and suffering. Our experienced Texas wrongful death lawyers will handle every aspect of your case so you can focus on what matters most: taking care of yourself and your family. We have offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake to serve families across the state. What Causes Wrongful Death Claims in Texas? Wrongful death cases generally fall into three categories: negligence-based accidents, medical malpractice, and intentional acts. The most common causes of wrongful death claims our Texas wrongful death lawyers handle include: Traffic fatalities from drunk driving or distracted driving 18-wheeler and commercial truck accidents Motorcycle or bicycle fatalities Pedestrian accidents Boating, train, and plane accidents Workplace and construction site fatalities Doctor or hospital malpractice Jail or prison deaths Defective product deaths What's the Difference Between a Wrongful Death Lawsuit and a Personal Injury Lawsuit? Wrongful death and personal injury lawsuits are similar, with one major difference: in a wrongful death case, the victim has died. A personal injury lawsuit is filed by an accident victim against the party who caused their injuries. A wrongful death lawsuit is filed by surviving family members after their loved one's death. In both types of cases, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant's negligence, carelessness, or wrongful act caused the accident and resulting injuries or death. A Texas wrongful death lawyer can evaluate your situation and explain which type of claim applies to your circumstances. How Do You Prove Negligence in a Texas Wrongful Death Case? Negligence is the basis for most wrongful death claims in Texas. Negligence occurs when a person or entity fails to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would under similar circumstances. To win a wrongful death case, your attorney must prove four elements: Duty: The defendant owed a legal duty of care to the deceased. For example, drivers have a duty to operate their vehicles safely. Breach: The defendant breached this duty through some negligent act or omission. For example, a driver was texting while driving. Causation: The breach directly caused the victim's death. For example, the distracted driver caused a collision that killed the victim. Damages: The surviving family members suffered quantifiable damages. This includes funeral expenses, lost wages, and emotional suffering. Understanding negligence in wrongful death cases can be complex. Our attorneys have the experience to investigate your case, gather... > You need an experienced bus accident lawyer on your side when you or a loved one has been injured by a bus. Give us a call at 817-207-4878 - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2025-03-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/bus-accidents/ Bus Accident Lawyer Bus accidents are unique. They are more complicated than a typical automobile accident for a number of reasons and you need an experienced bus accident lawyer on your side if you or a loved one has been a victim in a bus accident. Here are some of the ways that bus accidents are unique: Bus Accidents Can Involve More Claimants Most bus accidents involve a number of injured victims. These can be individuals in the bus or struck by the bus. With the greater number of claimants and a limited pool of resources, it is important that the claim be handled correctly – and in a timely manner. Bus Accident Injuries Can be More Serious Bus accidents can cause serious injuries and death. Vehicles or pedestrians stuck by buses are likely to suffer significant losses or injuries. Similarly, passengers in buses are typically not restrained. Bus Accident Lawyers Must Sort Through Complex Insurance Companies that own buses often have multiple layers of insurance – that they are often reluctant to disclose. Part of what a good bus accident lawyer does is find all the policies that might cover a loss. The Texas bus accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett are experienced in uncovering insurance policies that may not be immediately apparent. The Laws Governing Buses Are Different There are a host of laws that govern the operation of buses. A bus accident lawyer has to have a good understanding of these laws and what it means to be able to safely operate a bus. These cases also involve complex legal procedures, including extensive discovery, depositions, and expert testimony. Governmental Immunity May Come Up in Bus Accident Cases Some government entities (such as municipalities) may have immunity from certain types of lawsuits, which can make it difficult to hold them liable for an accident. Gathering Evidence in Bus Accident Cases Gathering evidence to prove liability and damages can be difficult. It may involve obtaining and analyzing data from the bus’s black box, reviewing video footage, and interviewing witnesses. Determining Liability in Bus Accident Cases Determining who is liable for a bus accident can be complex. It may involve multiple parties, such as the bus driver, the bus company, the bus manufacturer, and government entities responsible for maintaining the roads. https://www. youtube. com/embed/SyaGcafImZE How can a lawyer help if you’ve been hurt in a bus accident? If you’ve been hurt in a bus accident, our Texas bus accident lawyers can help you by: Investigating the accident: A lawyer can investigate the accident to determine the cause and who is liable. They can gather evidence such as police reports, witness statements, and medical records. Evaluating your injuries: A lawyer can help you understand the extent of your injuries and the long-term impact they may have on your life. They can also help you get the medical treatment you need. Calculating your damages: A lawyer can help you calculate the monetary value of your losses, including medical expenses, lost wages, and pain... > Texas personal injury lawyers who try cases, not just settle. No fee unless we win. Offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Free case review: 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-09 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/ Texas Personal Injury Lawyers | No Fee Unless We Win Skip to content Texas Personal Injury and Wrongful Death Lawyers Varghese Summersett Offices Across Texas Fort Worth Personal Injury Lawyers Dallas Personal Injury Lawyers Houston Personal Injury Lawyers Experienced Texas Personal Injury Attorneys Varghese Summersett is a nationally recognized Texas personal injury law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Houston. Our accident attorneys have recovered millions of dollars in personal injury settlements and trial verdicts for clients hurt in car wrecks, 18-wheeler crashes, workplace disasters, and other preventable accidents across the state. We are trial lawyers—fighters—who step into the arena to make a real difference in people's lives. When someone's world has been turned upside down by a serious injury or tragic loss, they deserve more than a payout from an insurance company. They deserve relentless advocacy, personal attention, and a team that genuinely cares. Our attorneys include former prosecutors, a former insurance defense lawyer, Texas Bar Foundation Fellows, Super Lawyers Rising Stars, and Lawdragon 500 honorees who know how to build cases that win — at the negotiating table or in front of a jury. We've helped shape the law in Texas and we're proud to stand up for the underdog. We are contingency fee lawyers, which means you pay nothing unless we win your case. Not just to seek justice for one client, but to push for change that can protect others down the road. Never settle for less. Proven Personal Injury Settlement Results $ 0 M+ Recovered in 2025 Since the beginning of this year alone, our personal injury attorneys have secured over $12 million in settlements and verdicts for our clients after expenses — and we're just getting started. Our team has obtained multiple seven-figure recoveries in trucking fatalities, oilfield explosions, industrial accidents, and traumatic brain injury cases. Last year, we obtained one of the largest personal injury settlements in all of Texas. But the truth is, we measure success by more than just the dollar amount. We measure it in lives rebuilt, futures protected, and justice delivered. If you're wondering how much your injury case is worth, the first step is simple: Call us. The consultation is free and confidential. We handle every personal injury case on a contingency fee basis — that means no upfront legal fees and you pay nothing unless we recover compensation for you. You've been through enough. Let us take it from here. WE FIGHT FOR YOU Your browser does not support the video tag. Why Choose Varghese Summersett? 01 Trial-Tested. Battle-Ready. Insurance companies know we don't back down. We will take a case all the way to verdict if that's what it takes to achieve justice for our clients. Our accident attorneys have decades of combined trial experience and are at home in the courtroom. 02 We Put Clients First. When someone places their trust in our firm, we treat them like family. You'll rest assured knowing we are fighting for you, as we would for a... > Facing a domestic violence charge in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County family violence lawyer today. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-02-01 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/family-violence/ Collin County Family Violence Lawyer Domestic Abuse Defense Domestic violence (or family violence) cases are one of the most serious types of assaults in Collin County. They can potentially have life-long effects on those who have been charged. The Collin County District Attorney’s Office has a specialized unit designed to prosecute domestic violence cases. Prosecutors pursue these cases to the fullest extent of the law, often regardless of whether or not the victim wants to be prosecuted. This is why you must hire a Collin County family violence lawyer who is skilled in defending domestic violence cases. Collin County Family Violence Lawyer The goal of every Collin County family violence lawyer at Varghese Summersett is to keep our clients out of jail and avoid a family violence conviction that will negatively impact your future. In this video and article, our attorneys break down the different types of domestic violence cases in Texas and the potential ramifications they can have. https://www. youtube. com/embed/ZojXbvqmCV4 What is domestic violence? Domestic violence (or what is commonly referred to as family violence) is when someone intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to a family member. Who can be considered a family member in Texas? In Texas, someone can be considered a “family member” for purposes of prosecution if the alleged victim is someone is married to, lives with, cohabitates with, or is in a dating relationship to the accused. This can include former spouses, former partners, those who share a child, a foster child or parent, siblings, or even roommates. What types of domestic violence offenses are there in Texas? Domestic violence cases can be charged and prosecuted in a number of ways in Texas. A person can face a fine up to life in prison for these offenses. Every case will depend on the facts involved in the alleged offense. Here are some of the offenses for domestic violence: Assault by Contact – occurs when someone intentionally or knowingly threatens someone with imminent bodily injury OR intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact that the actor knows would be regarded as offensive or provocative contact. This is a Class C misdemeanor. Assault Family Violence – occurs when someone intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to a family member. This is a Class A misdemeanor. Continuous Family Violence – occurs when someone is found to have committed 2 or more acts of family violence within a 12-month period. This is a third degree felony. Assault of a Family Member with a Prior Conviction – occurs when someone commits an act of family violence and is found to have a prior family violence assault. This is a third-degree felony. For purposes of this offense, the person doesn’t need to be convicted of assault family violence. Anyone placed on deferred adjudication for an assault family violence could be enhanced to a third degree felony. Strangulation (or “choking”) – occurs when someone intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impedes the normal breathing or circulation of one’s blood by applying... > Facing a homicide charge in Collin County? Call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation with an experienced Collin County homicide lawyer. - Published: 2024-01-24 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/homicide/ Collin County Homicide Lawyer | Criminal Defense If you or a loved one has been accused of causing the death of another person in Collin County, you are probably overcome with emotions and have no idea what to do next. Fortunately, you are in the right place. The next thing you need to do is pick up the phone and call our skilled Collin County homicide lawyer who has vast experience defending death cases in North Texas. We can help. Our team of experienced attorneys has been handling homicide cases for decades—first as prosecutors and now as highly skilled defense attorneys. We know the playbook. We will review your case from every angle, guide you through the criminal justice process, and build a solid defense strategy to produce the most favorable outcome possible. Collin County Homicide Lawyer, Serving Allen, Plano, Frisco, Prosper, Carrollton, and Surrounding Areas In this article, we explain the various categories of homicides in Texas, as well as punishments and possible defense strategies. But first, watch this video from Christy Jack, a nationally acclaimed trial attorney who has handled more murder cases than most North Texas lawyers. https://www. youtube. com/embed/ujVCjocYNiw What is criminal homicide? Texas law defines criminal homicide as the intentional, knowing, or reckless killing of another person. Criminal homicide can be charged as capital murder, murder, manslaughter, or criminally negligent homicide. What is capital murder in Texas? Capital murder is the most severe type of criminal homicide in Texas. The offense of murder is elevated to capital murder if certain criteria are met. The following crimes constitute capital murder: Murder of a police officer or fireman; Murder during the commission or attempted commission of kidnapping; burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat; Murder for hire; Murder during an escape or attempted escape from a penal institution Murder of a correctional employee while incarcerated Murder while already incarcerated for capital murder or murder; Murder while serving a life sentence or 99-year sentence for aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault or aggravated robbery; Murder of more than one person during the same criminal transaction or during different transactions but under the same common scheme; Murder of a child under age 10; Murder of a person between 10 and 15 years old; Murder of a judge or justice or in retaliation for the services of a judge or justice. Capital murder is punishable by life in prison without parole or the death penalty. What is murder in Texas? In Texas, there are three ways in which a person may commit the offense of murder. A person commits murder if he or she: intentionally or knowingly causes the death of an individual. This is the most common way murder is charged. An example would be fatally shooting someone on purpose. intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual. An example of this would be intentionally striking someone in the head with... > Were you injured or a loved one killed in a North Texas boat accident? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with a North Texas boat accident lawyer. - Published: 2024-01-23 - Modified: 2024-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/boat-accidents/ North Texas Boat Accident Lawyer Boating is a favorite pastime in North Texas, where there are dozens of lakes and rivers. With so many people hitting the water, it’s no surprise that there are hundreds of boating accidents each year – many of which are catastrophic. In fact, Texas is ranked 13th for boating accidents nationwide, according to Captain Experiences, which analyzed data from the U. S. Coast Guard’s Recreational Boating Statistics from 2018 to 2022. During that period, 232 people died on Texas waters, stemming from 1108 accidents, resulting in nearly $12 million in total property damage. Unfortunately, many boating accidents result from negligence or carelessness, including operator inexperience, alcohol impairment, speeding, improper lookout, or machinery failure. If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a boating accident in North Texas, you may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. Your next call should be to an experienced North Texas boat accident lawyer. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain common boating or watercraft accidents, the process for recovering compensation, and how our Fort Worth law firm can help – without any upfront or out-of-pocket fees to you. We handle boating accidents throughout North Texas, including on Lake Texoma, Lewisville Lake, Lake Ray Hubbard, Lake Lavon, Grapevine Lake, Eagle Mountain Lake, Lake Bridgeport, Lake Worth, Lake Granbury, Lake Benbrook, Possum Kingdom, Lake Tawakoni and on the Trinity River and Brazos River. Types of Boating and Watercraft Accidents Boating and watercraft accidents can take various forms. Common types of accidents and causes on North Texas lakes, rivers, and waterways include: Collision with Another Vessel This is one of the most common types of accidents, where two boats or watercraft hit each other. This can be due to inattentiveness, alcohol influence, poor visibility, or lack of understanding of the right-of-way rules. Collision with Fixed Object This refers to accidents where a boat or watercraft hits a stationary object like a dock, buoy, or underwater obstacle such as a rock, reef, or sandbar. It’s often due to inexperience, poor navigation, or boating in unfamiliar waters. Flooding/Swamping This can occur when a boat is overloaded or when the water conditions are too rough for the size of the boat, causing water to enter the boat and possibly sink it. Grounding This type of accident occurs when a boat hits the bottom of a body of water. This is often due to low tide, boating in shallow waters without knowing the depth, or not paying attention to navigation markers. Falls Overboard These are accidents where a person falls off the boat and into the water. This can be due to slippery conditions, rough waters, lack of proper safety equipment, or risky behavior. Capsizing This refers to when a boat flips over in the water, usually due to rough waters, improper weight distribution, or a collision. Water Skiing Accidents As water skiing and other towed water sports... > The goal of every Collin County assault lawyer at Varghese Summersett is to keep you out of jail, avoid a felony conviction and keep your record clean. - Published: 2024-01-20 - Modified: 2024-04-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/assault/ Collin County Assault Lawyer Assault Defense Did you know you can be charged with assault in Collin County without touching anyone else? Did you know just a threat of assault can be an aggravated felony offense? Did you know spitting is considered an assault – and could even be considered a felony assault if, say, you spit after being pepper-sprayed and it landed on an officer? It can happen. Assault charges in Collin County and throughout Texas are not as clear-cut as you might imagine. Defending Assault Charges in Collin County Any type of assault charge can wreak havoc on your personal and professional life. It can upend your job, shatter your family, and drain your finances. Worst of all, it can leave a permanent blemish on your record. Fortunately, not every assault charge or arrest leads to a conviction. Collin County Assault Lawyer The goal of every Collin County assault lawyer at Varghese Summersett is to keep our clients out of jail, avoid a felony conviction and keep their record clean. In this article, our attorneys discuss the various types of assaults in Texas, including potential punishments and possible defenses and mitigation. Collin County Assault Lawyer Benson Varghese, who is Board Certified in Criminal Law, also offers these tips on how to get an assault charge dismissed in this short video below. https://www. youtube. com/embed/KXeCwN-kgIc What is Assault? Under Texas law, a person commits assault if he or she: intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person’s spouse; Intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person’s spouse; Intentionally or knowingly cause physical contact when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. The first part of the assault definition is expected – that would apply to someone who is punching, kicking, or choking someone during a fight. It’s the second and third part of the definition that is surprising to some people. Under the second definition, a person can be charged with assault for threatening to beat someone up if the alleged victim has a reasonable fear they are going to do it. Under the third definition, a person can be charged with assault for offensive or provocative physical contact with another person. This definition covers spitting, poking someone in the chest, or grabbing their tie. So as you can see, assault charges are much more far-reaching than say a bar fight or domestic dispute. Are Assaults Misdemeanors or Felonies? “Assaultive Offenses” range from a Class C misdemeanor (ticket) all the way up to a first-degree felony punishable by life in prison. The degree and severity of the charge depend on the defendant’s mental state, the extent of the injury or threat of injury, and the characteristics of the alleged victim, such as their age and health. What are Misdemeanor Assaults in Texas? https://www. youtube. com/embed/Q_rrpCs1g98 There are four basic categories of misdemeanor assault in Texas, which is also commonly referred... > Facing a drug charge in Collin County? Here is what you need to know. Call for a free consultation with our Collin County Drug Lawyer. - Published: 2024-01-18 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/drug-crimes/ If you're facing drug charges in Collin County, you need an attorney who understands Texas drug laws and how Collin County prosecutors handle these cases. A skilled Collin County drug lawyer can work to get your charges dismissed, reduced, or resolved in a way that keeps your record clean. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. Drug offenses in Texas vary dramatically based on the substance and amount involved. You can be charged with possession even if drugs weren't on your person. If prosecutors can argue the drugs were in your "care, custody, or control," you could face serious criminal penalties. But an arrest doesn't have to mean a conviction. Our goals on every drug case are straightforward: keep you out of custody, avoid a conviction, and protect your record from permanent damage. What are the consequences of drug possession in Collin County? Texas law treats drugs differently based on their classification and quantity. Possessing cocaine or heroin triggers much harsher penalties than having a vape pen with THC or Valium without a prescription. The type of drug determines which penalty group applies, and the amount determines whether you face a misdemeanor or felony. Beyond criminal penalties, a drug conviction in Collin County can affect your employment, housing options, ability to get loans, and child custody arrangements. A felony conviction means losing your right to vote in Texas and your right to possess firearms. Your driver's license will also be suspended for 180 days after any drug conviction, and you must complete a 15-hour Drug Education Program before reinstatement. Before we break down the specifics, watch this video from Benson Varghese, a Collin County drug lawyer who is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. Hear from a Collin County Drug Lawyer What is possession of a controlled substance in Texas? Under Texas Health and Safety Code Section 481. 115, a person commits possession of a controlled substance if they intentionally or knowingly have "care, custody, control, or management" of a controlled substance without a valid prescription. The substance must fall within one of Texas's penalty groups. Prosecutors don't need to prove the drugs were in your pocket. If drugs are found in your car, your home, or anywhere you have access to, you could face charges. This is where experienced defense attorneys make a difference. Weak "affirmative links" between you and the drugs can be challenged in court. What is joint possession of drugs in Texas? When police find drugs accessible to multiple people, everyone present could potentially face charges. This is called joint possession. For example, if officers stop a car with three passengers and find cocaine on the floorboard, all three could be charged with possession. This differs from exclusive possession, where drugs are found on a specific person, like in their pocket or purse. Joint possession cases often present stronger defense opportunities because prosecutors must prove each defendant had... > Facing a sexual accusation in Collin County or the surrounding area? Call (214) 903-4000 for a free consult our Collin County sexual assault defense lawyer. - Published: 2024-01-15 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/sexual-assault/ Collin County Sexual Assault Defense If you or a loved one have been accused of sexual assault or sexual misconduct in Collin County, it’s imperative to contact an experienced defense attorney immediately. Sex crimes are prosecuted harshly in Collin County and must be taken seriously. Not only do they carry jail time and steep fines, but sex charges can ruin personal and professional relationships, as well as your reputation. Even if the allegations are entirely false or unfounded, you will need the best, most aggressive defense possible. Defending Sexual Assault Allegations in Collin County The legal process for sexual assault cases in Collin County typically involves several stages, including: Investigation: Law enforcement will investigate the allegations, which may include collecting evidence, interviewing witnesses, and consulting with medical professionals. Arrest and Charges: If there's enough evidence, the accused may be arrested and formally charged with sexual assault. Arraignment: The accused will appear in court to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. Pre-Trial Motions: Your attorney may file motions to challenge the evidence or the way it was obtained. Trial: If the case goes to trial, both the prosecution and defense will present their evidence and arguments. The jury will then decide whether the accused is guilty or not guilty. Defending Against Sexual Assault Allegations An effective defense strategy is crucial in sexual assault cases. As a criminal defense attorney, here are some approaches that may be used: Challenging the Credibility of the Accuser: This can involve examining the accuser's motives, inconsistencies in their story, or any evidence that contradicts their account. Consent: If there is evidence that the sexual activity was consensual, this can be a strong defense. Alibi: Providing evidence that the accused was not present at the time and place of the alleged assault can be a powerful defense. Lack of Physical Evidence: Highlighting the absence of physical evidence or any inconsistencies in forensic findings can undermine the prosecution's case. Expert Testimony: In some cases, expert witnesses, such as psychologists or forensic analysts, can provide testimony that supports the defense's arguments. Collin County Sex Crimes Lawyer If you have been accused of a sex crime in Collin County, the worst thing you can do is voluntarily speak with police, contact the alleged victim, or try and get out “your side of the story. ” You shouldn’t talk to anyone except your defense attorney. Board Certified Criminal Defense Lawyer Letty Martinez explains in this short video. https://www. youtube. com/embed/JGH_yupCqeg What are adult sex crimes in Texas? There are numerous adult sex crimes for which a person can be charged in Texas. Here’s a list of some common adult sex crime charges and potential punishment ranges. If you are facing any of these charges, you must contact a knowledgeable and skilled Collin County sex crimes lawyer immediately. Sexual Assault/Rape Crime: Penetrates the anus or sexual organ of another person without consent; penetrates the mouth of another person with a sexual organ without consent; or causes the sexual organ of... > Were you injured or a loved one killed in a golf cart accident in Fort Worth, Dallas or North Texas? Call (817) 207-4878 to speak with a Fort Worth golf cart accident lawyer. - Published: 2024-01-10 - Modified: 2024-06-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/golf-cart-accidents/ Fort Worth Golf Cart Accident Lawyer Golf carts are extremely popular in Texas, not just on golf courses but also in neighborhoods. It’s not uncommon to see people, including children and teens, zipping up and down the residential streets, using these compact vehicles for a quick trip to a friend’s house, the community pool, or even a corner store. However, as popular as golf carts are, they can also pose a significant safety risk. According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), nearly 18,000 people are injured in golf cart-related accidents every year in the United States. These accidents can result in catastrophic injuries and, in some cases, even death. If you have been injured or someone you love has been killed in a golf cart accident in Fort Worth, Dallas, or the surrounding areas, it’s important to contact an experienced Fort Worth golf car accident lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for your injuries, medical expenses, lost wages, and more. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain Texas golf cart laws, common causes of golf cart accidents, who may be held liable, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Understanding Texas Golf Cart Laws In Texas, golf carts are regulated by Subchapter F of the Texas Transporation Code. The statute is rather lengthy but, in general, here are the rules of the road for the operation of a golf cart in the Lone Star State: Definition: Texas defines a golf cart as a motor vehicle designed primarily to transport persons on a golf course. Registration and Licensing: Typically, golf carts are not required to be registered or titled. However, a golf car can receive a golf cart license plate. Additionally, no driver’s license is mandated solely for golf cart operation on private property or within specific communities. However, if operated on public roads, standard driver licensing requirements apply. Road Use with a Golf Cart License Plate: Golf carts that have a “Golf Cart” license plate can be driven on roads under these specific circumstances: Within a master-planned community that has consistent restrictive covenants and an approved plat from a county or municipality. On public or private beaches that allow vehicular traffic. On highways with a posted speed limit of 35 mph or less, during daylight hours, and within two miles of its regular parking spot, primarily for commuting to and from a golf course. When crossing intersections, even those intersecting with highways that have posted speed limits exceeding 35 mph. Public Road Use: In Texas, golf carts can be operated on public roads with a speed limit of 35 mph or less, but local ordinances might further dictate when and where they can be driven. Equipment Requirements: Golf carts used on roads at a speed of 25 mph or less must display a slow-moving vehicle emblem. They also must have headlamps, tail lamps, reflectors, parking brakes and mirrors. Driving Age: While... > Injured in a commercial vehicle accident in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth commercial vehicle accident lawyer. 817-207-4878 - Published: 2023-12-31 - Modified: 2026-04-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/commercial-vehicle-accidents/ Fort Worth Commercial Vehicle Accident Lawyer Sharing the road with commercial vehicles is part of our daily commute. Delivery vans, box trucks, big rigs, buses ... they are everywhere. And, unfortunately, they can also be extremely dangerous and, sometimes, even deadly. Consider this: In 2022, there were 2,020 commercial vehicle crashes in Tarrant County alone, resulting in 13 fatalities and 42 serious injuries, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. The sheer size, weight and speed of commercial vehicles – combined with driver inattention or error – is often a recipe for disaster. If you have been injured or someone you love has been killed in commercial vehicle accident in Fort Worth or the surrounding cities, it’s important to contact an experienced Fort Worth commercial vehicle accident lawyer as soon as possible. If the crash was caused, in part, by the negligence of the driver or another third-party, you may be entitled to substantial financial compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, our Fort Worth commercial vehicle accident lawyer explains these types of personal injury or wrongful death claims and how our law firm can help. Importantly, if we take your case, you won’t pay us anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We only get paid if we win compensation for you. Common Types of Commercial Vehicles A commercial vehicle is a type of motor vehicle that is primarily used for the transportation of goods or passengers for business purposes. These vehicles may include large trucks, buses, or smaller specialized vehicles such as taxis or delivery vans. Commercial vehicles often have to meet specific regulations and requirements related to safety, weight, and emissions, which may differ from those applicable to regular passenger vehicles. Here’s a list of common commercial vehicles: Semi-trucks: Also known as tractor-trailers or 18-wheelers, these large trucks consist of a tractor unit and a detachable trailer used for transporting goods. Box trucks: These vehicles have a large, enclosed cargo area and are commonly used for moving household items, delivering packages, or transporting goods for businesses. Florists, caterers often use box trucks, for example. Flatbed trucks: Flatbed trucks have an open bed with no sides or roof, making them ideal for transporting large, heavy, or oversized items that cannot fit inside an enclosed trailer. Tanker trucks: These trucks are designed to transport liquid or gas substances, such as fuel, chemicals, or milk, in a cylindrical tank. Garbage trucks: These specialized vehicles are equipped to collect and transport waste from residential and commercial locations. Tow trucks: Tow trucks are used to move disabled, improperly parked, or impounded vehicles. They come in various types, including flatbed, hook and chain, and wheel-lift tow trucks Delivery vans: These smaller commercial vehicles are used primarily for delivering packages, mail, or small cargo in urban areas and include FedEx, UPS or Amazon Prime vehicles. Buses: Buses are large vehicles designed to transport passengers. They include city buses, school buses, and long-distance coaches. Construction vehicles: These vehicles are used in... > Facing a manslaughter charge in Collin County or surrounding areas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with a Collin County manslaughter lawyer. - Published: 2023-12-02 - Modified: 2025-09-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/manslaughter/ Collin County Manslaughter Lawyer Best Criminal Defense If you or a loved one is facing a manslaughter charge in Collin County, you are likely experiencing a host of emotions: grief, fear, anxiety, confusion, and remorse. You may wonder what the future holds and where you go from here. The first step is finding an experienced Collin County criminal defense lawyer to help you navigate this difficult time. Manslaughter is a severe charge in Texas that stems from an act that caused the death of another person, but was not premeditated or done with the intent to kill. Manslaughter is often the result of a tragic mistake, which is why these cases are difficult to deal with both emotionally and legally. Collin County Manslaughter Lawyer Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper and Surrounding Areas In this blog post, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett will explain the offense of manslaughter, the punishment range, and why you need an experienced Collin County manslaughter lawyer on your side. What is manslaughter in Collin County? Under Texas Penal Code 19. 04, a person commits manslaughter if he or she “recklessly causes the death of an individual. ” The term “recklessly” is the operative word here. It means that the person didn’t mean to kill the individual, but their actions were so careless that it resulted in death. Under Texas law, a person acts recklessly if he or she is “aware of but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or the result will occur. ” Additionally, the risk must be so significant that an ordinary person in the same situation or circumstances would have known and understood it. What are some examples of manslaughter? Manslaughter charges often stem from unintentional accidents such as: Texting and driving and fatally striking a pedestrian Playing with a gun and accidentally shooting and killing a bystander Injecting drugs into a person who later overdoses Punching someone in the jaw, causing them to fall back and hit their head What are the penalties for manslaughter in Collin County? In Texas, manslaughter is a second-degree felony, punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. It is possible to receive probation for manslaughter if you have never before been convicted of a felony. To receive the best outcome possible, it’s imperative to retain an experienced Collin County manslaughter lawyer who has vast experience handling the complex, emotionally-charged cases. What’s the difference between manslaughter and intoxication manslaughter? Intoxication manslaughter occurs when someone gets behind the wheel while intoxicated and causes a wreck that kills another person. The main difference between the two charges is that intoxication manslaughter requires proof of intoxication, whereas regular manslaughter does not. Intoxication is defined as having a blood alcohol concentration of . 08 or more or not having your normal mental/and or physical faculties due to some intoxicant, which can also be due to illicit or prescription drugs. https://youtu. be/ZMbVLMEVAqg Speak to a Collin County manslaughter lawyer today. If you... > Arrested for solicitation of prostitution in Collin County? Call for a free consultation with our Collin County prostitution lawyer today - Published: 2023-10-31 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/collin/criminal/prostitution/ Collin County Prostitution Lawyer Solicitation Defense Prostitution may be the world’s oldest profession, but it’s still a crime in Texas for everyone involved. In fact, people who solicit sex – the customers or so-called “Johns” – now face a felony charge, while the prostitutes themselves face a misdemeanor. Local law enforcement frequently conducts online and undercover sting operations to specifically target “Johns” – and they love to publicize these arrests. If you or a loved one has been arrested for any prostitution charge, it’s crucial to contact an experienced Collin County prostitution lawyer. Any prostitution conviction can result in jail time, a fine, and an embarrassing criminal record. Collin County Prostitution Lawyer Serving Plano, Allen, Frisco, Prosper and Surrounding Areas In this blog post, our attorneys will discuss the law, the penalties, and possible defenses for prostitution charges. But first, please watch this video by Board Certified Criminal Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese, who discusses solicitation of prostitution charges and how it became Texas’ newest felony. https://www. youtube. com/embed/Ds3yrRJxF6Q What are Texas’ laws against prostitution? The law distinguishes between the person who offers sex for money (prostitute); the customer seeking or soliciting the services of a prostitute (john); and the person who manages or engages in the promotion of prostitution (pimp or madam). A Collin County prostitution lawyer at our law firm breaks down each offense below. Prostitution What constitutes prostitution in Texas? In Texas, prostitution is defined as knowingly offering or agreeing to engage in sexual conduct for a fee. It’s important to emphasize that the law doesn’t require that the parties engage in sex, only that they agree to do so. This is why undercover online stings net so many arrests. Once an agreement for sex occurs, they move in with an arrest. What are the penalties for prostitution in Texas? Prostitution is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in the county jail and a maximum $2000 fine. If you have a previous conviction for prostitution, the penalty is increased to a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Solicitation of Prostitution What constitutes a solicitation of prostitution in Texas? In Texas, solicitation of prostitution is defined as knowingly offering or agreeing to pay another individual to engage in sexual conduct for a fee. Again, no sex is required – only an agreement has to be made. This is why prostitution stings are popular with law enforcement. What are the penalties for solicitation of prostitution in Texas? Solicitation of prostitution was recently increased from a Class B misdemeanor to a state jail felony punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. Defendants with a prior conviction for solicitation face a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,00 fine. Defendants who solicit someone under 18 – or whom they believe to be under 18 – face a second-degree felony punishable by... > If you or a loved one has been accused of obstruction or retaliation in Dallas, you are facing a felony. Call for a free consult. 214-903-4000. - Published: 2023-10-31 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/obstruction-or-retaliation-charges/ Dallas Obstruction Or Retaliation Charges Life takes an unexpected turn when individuals find themselves under investigation or arrest, sometimes prompting them to seek retaliation against their accuser or to obstruct the ongoing investigation or legal proceedings. This could include threatening or harming the person who reported the alleged crime, a witness, an informant, or even the police, the prosecutor, or the judge on the case. Under Texas law, this behavior constitutes obstruction or retaliation and can lead to serious legal consequences. If you or someone you love has been charged with obstruction of justice or retaliation in Dallas or the surrounding area, it’s important to contact an experienced defense attorney as soon as possible. At Varghese Summersett, we have decades of experience – first as prosecutors and now as highly-experienced defense attorneys – handling complex, high-stakes cases. In this article, we explain Dallas obstruction or retaliation charges, the punishment, possible defenses, and the importance of retaining a highly experienced criminal defense attorney if you’ve been accused of this offense in North Texas. Obstruction or Retaliation Texas Penal Code 36. 06 Obstruction or retaliation is codified under Texas Penal Code Section 36. 06. The first part of the statute defines retaliation, while the second part defines obstruction. The third part of the definition addresses publicly posting a public servant’s personal information. Retaliation A person commits retaliation if he or she intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of another as a public servant, witness, prospective witness, or informant; or a person who has reported a crime or intends to report a crime. Obstruction A person commits obstruction if he or she intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another to prevent or delay the service of another as a public servant, witness, prospective witness, or informant; or a person who has reported or intends to report a crime. Publicly Posting Public Servant’s Personal Information A person commits this form of retaliation if he or she publically posts the address or phone number of a public servant or a member of the public servant’s family or household with the intent to cause harm or threat of harm to the individual or his or her family. The Difference between Obstruction and Retaliation While often grouped together, obstruction and retaliation charges have distinct differences. Obstruction refers to the act of impeding or hindering a public servant or witness from performing their duties. This might include interfering with a criminal investigation or court proceeding. Obstruction occurs before something occurs, such as a police interview, court hearing or a trial. Retaliation, on the other hand, involves harming or threatening to harm another person in response to their role in a judicial, legislative, or administrative proceeding. For example, threatening a witness because they testified in court or harming a public servant for performing their official duties can be considered retaliation. Retaliation occurs after the fact. Punishment for Obstruction or Retaliation in Texas In... > Insights into criminal defense, personal Injury, wrongful death, family and divorce law in Texas brought to you by the attorneys at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-10-25 - Modified: 2025-06-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ Our Articles | Varghese Summersett Blog Skip to content Our Articles | Varghese Summersett BlogVarghese Summersett - Blog Our Articles | Varghese Summersett Blog Our Articles Sophisticated insights into Criminal Defense, Personal Injury, Wrongful Death, and Family Law in Texas Search Articles Search through all blog articles by keywords Practice Area All Practice Areas CriminalDallasDivorceFamilyFederalFort BendHoustonJuvenileKey ArticleLanding PageLatest NewsPersonal injury Filter articles by legal practice area Date Range All Dates Last Month Last 3 Months Last 6 Months Last Year Filter articles by publication date Clear Filters Loading articles... Jan 25, 2026 Latest News Suing Lyft or Uber for Sexual Assault is Harder (But Not Impossible) in Texas Suing Lyft or Uber for sexual assault in Texas is harder than in most other states. Texas law classifies rideshare... Read More Jan 24, 2026 Criminal Is It Legal to Put a GPS Tracker on Someone Else’s Car in Texas? No. In most cases, it is not legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else’s car in Texas. Under... Read More Jan 23, 2026 Personal injury Icy Road Accidents | What to Watch Out For As Texas Freezes Winter weather crashes in Texas may represent a small percentage of total annual collisions, but they result in a disproportionately... Read More Jan 16, 2026 Divorce Are We Dating the Same Guy? | The Legal Considerations of the Internet Sensation The Legal Implications of “Are We Dating the Same Guy?” “Are We Dating the Same Guy” (AWDTSG) started as a... Read More Jan 13, 2026 Criminal Reckless Driving in Texas | TC Section 545.401 Reckless driving in Texas is a misdemeanor offense that carries potential jail time, fines, and a permanent criminal record. Under... Read More Jan 12, 2026 Latest News Texas Bail Bond Disparities: 238K Bonds Analyzed Bail bond amounts in Texas depend heavily on where you’re arrested. Our analysis of more than 238,000 bail bonds across... Read More Jan 8, 2026 Criminal What Does the Odor of Alcohol Really Mean in a DWI investigation? I’ve reviewed thousands of DWI reports in my career. The “odor of alcoholic beverage” appears in nearly every DWI police... Read More Jan 5, 2026 Latest News Tarrant County Bonds: A Statistical Analysis of Bonds Set in 2025 If you’ve been arrested in Fort Worth or anywhere in Tarrant County, one of your first questions is likely: How... Read More Jan 4, 2026 Criminal Is Gambling Illegal in Texas? Sports Books, Card Rooms, and Betting Apps Explained Yes, most forms of gambling are illegal in Texas. Under Texas Penal Code Chapter 47 , betting money or anything... Read More 1 2 3 … 79 Next → EnglishEspañol Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | SITEMAP | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Dallas Varghese Summersett –... > Were you injured or a loved one killed in a North Texas crane accident? Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with a Dallas-Fort Worth crane accident lawyer. - Published: 2023-10-23 - Modified: 2025-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-personal-injury-lawyer/crane-accidents/ Dallas-Fort Worth Crane Accident Lawyer Crane accidents are a significant safety concern for manufacturing and construction industries nationwide – and Texas is no exception. The Lone Star State leads the way in crane fatalities, leaving families devastated and companies facing liability and litigation. While cranes are essential for lifting and moving heavy materials, these towering machines come with major risks. A single mishap can lead to catastrophic consequences, affecting not just the workers operating them but also bystanders and nearby property. If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a crane accident in North Texas, it’s important to seek help from an experienced Dallas-Fort Worth crane accident lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, a Dallas-Fort Worth crane accident attorney at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explains why crane accidents occur, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Common Types of Cranes Cranes come in various designs, each tailored for specific tasks and environments. Some of the more prevalent types of cranes include: Overhead Cranes: Commonly found in warehouses and factories, these cranes have a beam running along the ceiling with a hook and line mechanism, crucial for steel manufacturing. Truck Mounted Cranes: These cranes are mobile and typically have a lifting capacity of up to 1,300 short tons. Crawler Cranes: Also known as “crawlers,” these are mounted on tracks, similar to tank treads. Floating Cranes: Used predominantly in the offshore industry, especially for constructing bridges over water. Other types of cranes that could be involved in accidents include aerial cranes, all-terrain cranes, bulk-handling cranes, carry deck cranes, deck cranes, fixed cranes, gantry cranes, hammerhead cranes, jib cranes, level luffing cranes, loader cranes, overhead cranes, pick-and-carry cranes, railroad cranes, self-erecting cranes, sidelift cranes, stacker cranes, telescopic cranes, and telescopic handler cranes. When seeking a Dallas-Fort Worth crane accident personal injury lawyer it’s important to choose a firm that has the expertise to handle cases involving various crane types, extensive knowledge of state and federal safety regulations, and a proven track record of successfully representing clients in complex personal injury cases. Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group stands out from the rest with a seasoned team dedicated to pursuing justice and adequate compensation for victims of crane accidents. Crane Design Cranes are marvels of engineering, designed to lift weights far beyond human capacity. Their design is a culmination of centuries of mechanical evolution. Understanding their core components can provide insights into their safe operation and also help you understand the reasons behind potential accidents. The Lever At the heart of every crane is the principle of the lever. This simple machine allows cranes to lift heavy objects by distributing weight and providing a mechanical advantage. The longer the distance from the fulcrum (or the pivot point), the more weight the crane can lift on the other end. This principle ensures that cranes don’t tip over under... > Facing a manslaughter charge in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas manslaughter lawyer. - Published: 2023-10-11 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/manslaughter/ Dallas Manslaughter Lawyer Dallas Manslaughter Attorney Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas https://youtu. be/ZMbVLMEVAqg Manslaughter is a devastating charge in Texas because it means someone has lost their life, usually due to preventable behavior. We often see this charge stemming from unintentional accidents, such as texting and driving, playing with a gun, or even drug overdoses. Manslaughter is a very serious charge in Dallas that carries substantial prison time and often a lifetime of regret and remorse. If you or a loved one has been arrested on a manslaughter charge, it’s crucial to contact an experienced Dallas manslaughter lawyer as soon as possible. In this blog post, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the law, the punishment, and why manslaughter cases are particularly heart-wrenching and difficult for everyone involved. We also take a look at the difference between murder and manslaughter. What is manslaughter in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code 19. 04, a person commits the offense of manslaughter if he or she recklessly causes the death of an individual. The keyword here is reckless; there was no intent to kill a person. Reckless is a subjective standard. Under Texas law, a person acts recklessly if he or she is aware of, but consciously disregards, a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that its disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances from the actor’s standpoint. In layman’s terms, a person is reckless if he or she does something that a reasonable person would know could result in someone’s death. For example, if someone is playing with a gun and accidentally shoots and kills a bystander, he or she can be charged with manslaughter. Although the gun owner may not have intended to kill anyone, he or she was aware of the risks of playing with a gun but did it anyway. In Dallas, it’s not uncommon to see young adults charged with manslaughter. What is the punishment for manslaughter in Texas? In Texas, manslaughter is classified as a second-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Probation is possible if the defendant has never before been convicted of a felony. Possible sentence on a second degree felonny To obtain the most favorable outcome possible, it is important to retain a Dallas manslaughter lawyer who has experience handling these types of cases. The lawyers at Varghese Summersett have successfully represented individuals charged with manslaughter. We understand the gravity of the situation and will handle the case with the compassion and understanding it deserves. We have seen first-hand the grief and the guilt that stem from accidental or reckless deaths. What is intoxication manslaughter? Intoxication manslaughter occurs when an intoxicated driver causes the death of another person. Intoxication manslaughter is similar to the offense of manslaughter, but the defendant must be intoxicated to be charged with intoxication manslaughter, whereas manslaughter... > Arrested for assault on a Dallas public servant or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas assault on a public servant lawyer. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-on-a-dallas-public-servant/ Assault on a Dallas Public Servant | Best Lawyer What is an Assault on a Dallas Public Servant? Assault on a Dallas public servant occurs when a person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to a person they know is a public servant while the public servant is engaged in an official duty," or in retaliation to the exercise of official power of a public servant,” according to the Texas Penal Code. Under Penal Code 22. 01, an assault on a public servant charge must include two crucial elements: The person committing the assault must know the person is a public servant, and The public servant was lawfully acting in their official capacity. In this blog post, we’ll explain an assault on a public servant, who is considered a public servant in Texas, and some of the collateral consequences of a conviction. What’s the punishment for assault on a Dallas public servant? At a minimum, an assault on a public servant in Texas is a third-degree felony. A conviction is punishable by two to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Other circumstances, however, could increase the charges. Here’s a look at the penalty ranges: Third-degree felony: Two to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000. Assault on a Public Servant is generally considered a Third Degree Felony in Texas. This occurs when someone intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse, and the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant. Second-degree felony: Two to 20 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000. Assault on a Public Servant becomes a Second Degree Felony if the person who commits the assault is also guilty of aggravated assault. Aggravated assault includes causing serious bodily injury or using or exhibiting a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault. First-degree felony: Five years to life in prison, a fine of up to $10,000. This is the offense range for cases where a weapon was used during the assault against a public servant and the assault resulted in serious bodily injury. What does a presumption of knowledge mean in Texas? In Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01(d), a presumption is included that presupposes the offender knew the person was a public servant if they were wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person’s position as a public servant, security officer, or emergency services officer. Who is considered a public servant in Texas? Assault on a Dallas public servant means any person who is employed, elected, selected, appointed, or otherwise designated as one of the following, even if they have yet qualified for office or assumed their duties: an officer, employee, or agent of the government a juror or grand juror an... > In this article we will break down Penal Code 28.02 and explain arson in Texas. If you have been charged with arson, call us for a strong defense. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2024-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/arson/ Arson in Texas | The Charge and Defenses What is arson in Texas? Arson occurs in Texas if a person starts a fire or explosion with the intent to destroy or damage property, including buildings, homes, vehicles, land, fences, or vegetation. Arson is a felony in Texas, but the level of felony varies based on certain factors which we will explain in this article. The lowest level arson case is a state jail felony and the highest is a first degree felony, so the level of offense truly runs the gamut. What is the mental state requirement for arson in Texas? The mental state requirement for a crime, also known as "mens rea," is a crucial component of criminal law. It refers to the intention or knowledge of wrongdoing that constitutes part of a crime, as opposed to the action or conduct of the accused. Arson - Intentional Mental State It's illegal to intentionally set fire or cause an explosion to destroy or damage: any vegetation, fence, or structure on open-space land; any building, home, or vehicle, especially if you know that it is within a city or town, it's insured, it's under a mortgage, it's on someone else's property, it has someone else's property inside it, or if you're careless about whether the fire or explosion could risk someone's life or their property. It's also illegal if you intentionally start a fire or explosion and by doing so, you either recklessly damage or destroy someone else's building, or you cause another person to be hurt or killed. Here the intentionality goes to the act of setting the fire. Arson - Reckless Mental State It is illegal if you recklessly start a fire or explosion while making or trying to make illegal drugs, and the fire or explosion damages any building, home, or vehicle. Exceptions to the Arson Statute It is not arson if the fire or explosion was part of a controlled burning of open-space land, or if you got a permit or other written authorization from the city before starting the fire or causing the explosion. What is the punishment for arson in Dallas? Arson is a serious offense, and a conviction can bring severe penalties. A skilled Dallas arson lawyer is a necessity to help fight against the following charges. First-degree felony: Causes bodily injury or death and is punishable by five years to life in prison. If the burned or exploded building is a religious habitation or a place of worship such as a church or a mosque, it is also a first-degree felony. Second-degree felony: Intentionally starting a fire to damage property – as opposed to causing death or serious harm – and is punishable by up to 20 years in prison. Generally, most arson charges fall under the second-degree felony level. Third-degree felony: Recklessly starts a fire or causes an explosion while producing a controlled substance which results in bodily injury or death, and is punishable by two to 10 years in prison. These... > Arrested for public intoxication in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas public intoxication lawyer. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/public-intoxication/ Dallas Public Intoxication Lawyer What is Public Intoxication in Dallas? In Texas, a person commits public intoxication if he or she appears in a public place while intoxicated to the degree that they are a danger to themselves or others. Public intoxication, also known as PI, is a subjective charge as it is up to the arresting officer’s discretion in determining whether or not an individual is so intoxicated that they are a danger. It’s important to point out that you do not have to have a specific blood alcohol concentration – such as . 08 or higher as in a DWI case – to be publicly intoxicated. An officer can request you to take a field sobriety test, but this is uncommon, as they don’t need a BAC to make an arrest for PI. Likewise, a PI is not limited to alcohol, you can also be arrested for PI due to the ingestion of drugs or a combination of drugs and alcohol. Dallas Public Intoxication Lawyer, Serving Dallas and the Surrounding Areas Dallas is home to many bars, nightclubs, sporting events, and entertainment venues – making it a hub for partying. With so many people imbibing in public, it’s no wonder public intoxication charges are common in Dallas. In the grand scheme of things, public intoxication may not seem like a very serious offense. However, if it is not handled properly, it will result in a conviction that can negatively impact your future. That’s why it’s imperative to contact a Dallas public intoxication lawyer if you have been arrested for public intoxication in Dallas or the surrounding areas. What is the Punishment for Public Intoxication in Dallas? Public intoxication is a Class C misdemeanor, which is punishable by a maximum fine of up to $500. This is an offense in which police could just write a ticket, however, most people are arrested and taken to jail to “sleep it off” since they have been deemed dangerous to themselves or others. Once released from jail, it’s important to contact an experienced Dallas public intoxication lawyer to handle the Class C ticket in a manner that doesn’t result in a conviction and permanent criminal record. Do not plead guilty and just pay the ticket! What is considered a public place in Texas? A public place in Texas is any place where members of the public have access, including but not limited to streets, highways, parking lots, bars, schools, hospitals, offices, shops, and stores. What are some scenarios in which people are arrested for public intoxication? As mentioned, the criteria to arrest someone for public intoxication is subjective and up to the arresting officer’s discretion. However, there are some common scenarios in which people are often arrested for public intoxication, including: Wandering around or stumbling in the street outside a bar Urinating in public Passing out at a bar or restaurant Causing a disturbance or acting disorderly in a public place, such as a sports or entertainment venue Arguing with officers Fighting... > Facing a robbery charge in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 today for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas robbery lawyer today. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/robbery/ Dallas Robbery Lawyer | Aggravated Robbery Defense Facing a robbery charge in Dallas or the surrounding area? Your next call needs to be to a skilled and seasoned Dallas robbery lawyer. Robbery is considered a violent offense, even though no one has to sustain an injury to be charged with robbery. Prosecutors take these cases very seriously, and you will need an experienced, aggressive attorney in your corner for the best chance at success. How is robbery defined in Texas? According to Texas Penal Code 29. 02, a person commits robbery if, during the course of committing theft, and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property, he or she: intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; or Intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death. In layman’s terms, robbery is committing a theft by using physical force or fear. While robbery is considered a violent offense, the victim doesn’t have to sustain an actual injury for someone to be charged with robbery. For example, threatening to shoot up a convenience store if the clerk doesn’t open the cash register would be robbery. Defending Robbery in Texas The senior attorneys at Varghese Summersett have extensive experience handling robbery cases, first as prosecutors and now as highly-regarded top defense attorneys. We will bring all of our expertise to bear in finding the best defense strategy for you. In this article, we will explain robbery laws in Texas, punishment ranges, possible defenses, and potential collateral consequences. But first, please watch this short video from Christy Jack, a nationally-recognized trial attorney who explains what you should do if you are accused of a violent offense. How is aggravated robbery defined in Texas? According to Texas Penal Code 29. 03, a person commits aggravated robbery if, during the course of committing a robbery as defined above, he or she: Causes serious bodily injury to another; Uses or exhibits a deadly weapon; or Causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, or if the other person is either disabled or 65 years old or older. In layman’s terms, robbery becomes aggravated robbery when a person uses or exhibits a deadly weapon. It’s not necessary that the deadly weapon actually causes an injury. Merely displaying a weapon is sufficient to be charged with aggravated robbery. For example, brandishing a handgun while ordering a woman to hand over her purse would be aggravated robbery. What is the punishment for robbery and aggravated robbery in Dallas? Robbery and aggravated robbery are both felonies in Texas. Robbery is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Aggravated robbery is a first-degree felony punishable by 5 years to up to life in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. What are the collateral consequences of robbery in Dallas? The stakes are very high if you have been convicted of robbery.... > Did you know that courts have published a number of cases on what constitutes resisting arrest in Texas - and what doesn't? Learn more. - Published: 2023-07-18 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/resisting-arrest/ Resisting Arrest in Texas | Dallas Defense Lawyer Defining Resisting Arrest in Texas Resisting arrest, as defined by Texas law, occurs when a person intentionally prevents or obstructs a peace officer by using force from effecting an arrest, search, or transportation. This law is outlined in Section 38. 03 of the Texas Penal Code. The Legal Consequences of Resisting Arrest In Texas, resisting arrest is a Class A misdemeanor, and a conviction is punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a $4,000 fine. Class A Misdemeanors in Texas If the person uses a deadly weapon to resist the arrest, the offense is elevated to a third-degree felony. This can lead to a prison sentence of 2 to 10 years and a fine of up to $10,000. Examples of Resisting Arrest Let’s consider a few examples to better understand what constitutes resisting arrest. If an individual physically struggles against an officer’s attempt to handcuff them, this would be considered resisting arrest. Similarly, if a person runs away or hides from an officer who is clearly attempting to detain them, this too could be classified as resistance. The Importance of Legal Representation If you or a loved one is facing a resisting arrest offense, it’s imperative to promptly consult with a Dallas resisting arrest attorney. The team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified criminal defense lawyers and former prosecutors with more than four decades of combined experience fighting all manner of misdemeanors and felonies in North Texas. What’s the Difference Between Resisting Arrest and Evading Arrest Resisting arrest is different from evading arrest because evading primarily involves the act of fleeing or attempting to escape from law enforcement. Resisting, on the other hand, focuses on the act of trying to make an arrest more difficult by some action of the arrestee, such as pulling, pushing, turning. What is considered “using force” against police in Texas? In resisting arrest cases, prosecutors must prove that the defendant was about to be arrested, searched, or transported before the alleged use of force. Using force to resist being detained by police doesn’t rise to the level of resisting arrest. Also, just refusing to cooperate with an arrest isn’t enough to be convicted of resisting arrest. Texas courts have repeatedly distinguished between the use of force directed at an officer and the use of force directed away from an officer. Examples of Texas courts finding sufficient (or insufficient) evidence to support a conviction for resisting arrest: In Humphreys v. State, 565 S. W. 2d 59, 60 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978), the court found that striking an officer’s arms away, pushing at an officer, and struggling with an officer was sufficient. In Raymond v. State, 640 S. W. 2d 678 (Tex. App. -El Paso 1982, pet. ref’d), the court found that simply pulling away was insufficient. In Mayfield v. State, 758 S. W. 2d 371, 374 (Tex. App. -Amarillo 1988, no pet. ), the court found that attempts by the subject to “shoulder” or... > Are you facing credit card fraud? Convictions carry serious penalties in Texas. Call Varghese Summersett to consult with a top Dallas credit card abuse lawyer. - Published: 2023-07-12 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/credit-card-abuse/ Dallas Credit Card Abuse Lawyer What is Credit Card Abuse in Dallas? Credit card abuse is a serious offense in Dallas, Texas, often categorized under identity theft. This crime involves the unauthorized use of another person's credit card information, leading to potential financial and reputational damage. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of credit card abuse, the penalties associated with it, and how an experienced attorney can help navigate these complex legal waters. What is Considered Credit Card Fraud in Texas? Credit card abuse and fraud involve the unauthorized use of another person's credit card information for personal gain. This crime is a form of identity theft, as it involves the unlawful use of someone else's identity (in this case, their credit card information) without their consent. Texas Penal Code § 32. 31 describes credit card abuse as any time someone uses a person's credit card without permission, purchases a credit card from someone else, or sells someone else's credit card. Your Dallas credit card abuse lawyer will examine the charges to determine the best way to defend your rights. Examples of credit card fraud include the following: A person commits an offense if they intentionally obtain a benefit fraudulently, presents or uses a credit or debit card with knowledge that the card, whether or not it's expired, hasn't been issued to them and is not used with the consent of the cardholder, or the card is expired, has been revoked or canceled. Using a fictitious credit card or debit card or the pretended number or description of a fictitious card; Receiving a benefit known to be obtained in violation of this section; Stealing a credit card or debit card or, with the knowledge that it has been stolen, receiving a credit card or debit card with intent to use it, sell it, or transfer it to a person other than the issuer or the cardholder; Buying a credit or debit card from a person known not to be the issuer; Selling a credit or debit card while not the issuer; Using or inducing the cardholder to use the cardholder's credit or debit card to obtain property or service for the actor's benefit for which the cardholder is financially unable to pay; Possessing a credit card or debit card with intent to use it without being the cardholder and without the effective consent of the cardholder; Possessing two or more incomplete credit or debit cards that have not been issued to them with the intent to complete them without the effective consent of the issuer. (An incomplete credit or debit card lacks the feature that the issuer requires to appear on the card before it can be used, such as not having been stamped, embossed, imprinted, or written on. ) Furnishes goods or services on presentation of a credit or debit card obtained or retained in violation of this section or a credit or debit card that is forged, expired, or revoked, with the intent to defraud the... > If you have been charged with criminal mischief in Texas, here is everything you need to know from our Dallas criminal mischief defense lawyer. - Published: 2023-07-03 - Modified: 2024-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminal-mischief/ Criminal Mischief in Texas | Dallas Criminal Defense What is Criminal Mischief in Texas? Criminal mischief is a broad term that encompasses a variety of illegal actions in Texas. This crime involves damaging or tampering with another person's property without their consent. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of criminal mischief in Texas, its implications, and how the law firm of Varghese Summersett can help if you find yourself facing such charges. Definition of Criminal Mischief in Texas In Texas, criminal mischief is defined as intentionally or knowingly damaging or destroying the tangible property of another without their effective consent. Tangible property refers to anything that can be touched, including both real and personal property. Specifically, Texas Penal Code Section 28. 03 describes criminal mischief as occurring when a person intentionally or knowingly damages or destroys someone’s tangible property, tampers with property, causes substantial inconvenience to a property owner, or creates markings of some kind on an owner’s property. The critical element of this offense is property damage, not possession. Types of Criminal Mischief Criminal mischief can take many forms, including vandalism, property damage, and tampering with the belongings of others. Regardless of the form it takes, the intent is always to cause inconvenience or monetary loss to another individual or entity. Were you accused of property damage or vandalism? If so, immediately consult a Dallas criminal mischief attorney. The defense team at Varghese Summersett offers unmatched service and dedication to its clients. What is the punishment for a Dallas criminal mischief conviction? The damage costs typically direct the level of offense and the punishment for a criminal mischief offense. Texas criminal mischief cases can run the gamut from a Class C misdemeanor to a first-degree felony. In lesser cases, there is a possibility that charges could be dismissed in exchange for cleaning up, repairing, or paying the property owner for the damage. Discuss your case with a Dallas criminal mischief attorney early in the process, so you understand your options. Criminal mischief punishment ranges include the following: $99 or less: Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. $100 and $749: Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail. $750 to $2,499: Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail. $2,500 and $29,999: State jail felony punishable by up to two years in jail. $30,000 and $149,999: Third-degree felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison. $150,000 to $299,999: Second-degree felony punishable by up to 20 years in prison. $300,000 or more: First-degree felony punishable by up to life in prison. Criminal mischief can be filed as a misdemeanor or a felony in Texas depending on the amount of damage. https://youtu. be/MzHCaJPhUAE What are common types of criminal mischief in Dallas? Typical forms of property damage often falling under criminal mischief include keying cars, graffiti, breaking windows, egging houses, destroying mailboxes, and damaging school property or a public building Common examples of criminal mischief in Texas include the following:... > If you or a loved is in jail, contact a Dallas bail bonds attorney with Varghese Summersett. We have decades of unmatched experience fighting for our clients. - Published: 2023-06-29 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/bail-bonds/ What Is a Bail Bond in Dallas, Texas? A bail bond is a legal agreement that allows someone arrested in Dallas to leave jail before their court date. The court sets a dollar amount as security, and once that amount is posted through cash, a bondsman, or a personal recognizance agreement, the defendant is released with the obligation to appear at all future hearings. If you or a loved one was just arrested in Dallas, the bail bond process can feel overwhelming. This guide explains exactly how bail works in Texas, what your options are, and how a Dallas bail bonds lawyer can help secure a faster release. Should You Hire a Lawyer Before a Bail Bondsman? Yes. An experienced criminal defense attorney can often save you thousands of dollars and get you released faster than going straight to a bondsman. Here's why. A lawyer can evaluate whether your bail amount falls within the normal range for Dallas County. If it's set too high, your attorney can file a motion to reduce it. A $50,000 bond reduced to $25,000 means paying a bondsman $2,500 instead of $5,000. More importantly, an attorney may be able to get you released without paying anything. In many cases, defendants qualify for personal recognizance bonds or mental health supervision releases that a bondsman won't tell you about. At Varghese Summersett, our team includes four Board Certified criminal defense attorneys and former prosecutors who understand how Dallas County magistrates set bonds. We've helped hundreds of clients secure reduced bonds or avoid paying bail entirely. Need help now? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. We answer 24/7. What Are the Three Types of Bail Bonds in Texas? Texas law allows three ways to post bail: cash bonds, surety bonds, and personal recognizance bonds. Each works differently and has different costs. Cash Bond A cash bond means paying the full bail amount directly to the court. If your bail is set at $10,000, you pay $10,000 in cash. The major advantage is that you get this money back when your case ends, as long as you appear at all required court dates. The downside is obvious. Most people don't have thousands of dollars available immediately after an arrest. Surety Bond A surety bond is what most people think of when they hear "bail bond. " You pay a bail bondsman a fee, typically 10% of the total bail amount, and the bondsman posts the full amount on your behalf. The fee you pay the bondsman is not refundable. It's the cost of their service. So on a $10,000 bond, you pay the bondsman $1,000 and never see that money again, even if you're found not guilty. If you fail to appear in court, the bondsman loses their money. That's why they have a strong financial incentive to find you, often using bounty hunters, if you skip your court date. Personal Recognizance Bond A personal recognizance bond, often called a PR bond, releases you from jail based solely on... > In a 2019 Texas Court of Criminal Appeals case, the state found that a person charged with a felony DWI can only be charged with using a motor vehicle as a - Published: 2023-06-27 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/dwi-deadly-weapon/ What Is a Felony DWI With a Deadly Weapon Charge in Dallas? A DWI with a deadly weapon charge occurs when prosecutors allege you drove your vehicle in a manner capable of causing death or serious bodily injury while intoxicated. In Texas, a motor vehicle is not automatically considered a deadly weapon. The state must prove your driving was reckless or dangerous to attach this enhancement. This distinction can mean the difference between standard DWI penalties and mandatory prison time with parole restrictions. Under Texas Penal Code § 1. 07(a)(17), a deadly weapon includes anything that in the manner of its use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury. When applied to DWI cases, this requires specific evidence of dangerous driving behavior beyond simply being intoxicated behind the wheel. If you're facing a DWI with deadly weapon allegations in Dallas, Fort Worth, or anywhere in North Texas, contact Varghese Summersett immediately. Our team includes former prosecutors and Board Certified criminal defense specialists who have handled hundreds of complex DWI cases. How Does a Vehicle Become a "Deadly Weapon" in Texas DWI Cases? Texas courts apply a specific legal test to determine whether a vehicle qualifies as a deadly weapon. The analysis focuses on how you drove, not simply whether an accident occurred. According to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals in Couthren v. State (2019), the state must present evidence that your driving was reckless or dangerous at the time of the alleged offense. Courts look for specific indicators of dangerous driving: Speeding significantly above the posted limit Running red lights or stop signs Weaving between lanes or crossing into oncoming traffic Failing to maintain control of the vehicle Nearly striking other vehicles or pedestrians Causing property damage through erratic driving Failing to yield right of way A collision alone does not automatically support a deadly weapon finding. The state needs additional evidence showing how the intoxication affected your actual driving behavior. What Are the Penalties for DWI With a Deadly Weapon Finding in Texas? A deadly weapon finding dramatically increases the consequences of a felony DWI conviction. Under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 42A. 054, a deadly weapon finding triggers several mandatory penalties that judges cannot waive. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys For a third-degree felony DWI with deadly weapon finding, you face 2 to 10 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. You must serve at least half of your sentence before becoming eligible for parole. This means a minimum of one year in prison before any possibility of release, even with good behavior. Standard felony DWI without a deadly weapon finding allows parole eligibility much sooner. Beyond prison time, a deadly weapon finding appears on your permanent criminal record. This notation follows you through every background check, affecting employment opportunities, professional licensing, and housing applications for the rest of your life. What Case Law Shapes Dallas DWI Deadly Weapon Cases? Texas courts have developed clear standards through several key decisions.... > If you are under investigation for bank fraud, it's imperative to consult with a Dallas federal bank fraud lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett at 214-903-4000. - Published: 2023-06-27 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/federal-bank-fraud/ Dallas Federal Bank Fraud Lawyer | North Texas Criminal Defense Dallas Federal Bank Fraud Lawyer There is fraud, and then there is fraud against a financial institution. Both are criminal offenses, but federal bank fraud is a separate offense to knowingly “defraud a financial institution” or “obtain any of the moneys, funds, credits, assets, securities... of a financial institution by means of false or fraudulent pretenses. ” Federal Bank Fraud Statute 18 USC 1344 states that a federal bank fraud offense can result in up to 30 years in prison and a maximum $1 million fine. This statute is used to charge bank executives and officers who knowingly permit bank resources to be distributed on false grounds or deceptive representations by loan applicants. It’s also used to prosecute non-bank participants in similar schemes, such as mortgage fraud schemes involving inflated loans to purchase homes, mobile homes, or other real property. The schemers split the excess cash. What can be prosecuted as Federal Bank Fraud? Almost any falsity within the lending process could become the basis for a federal investigation and prosecution, including false statements on loan applications, using appraisers to inflate values, and incentivizing inspectors to overlook defects. If you are being investigated for federal bank fraud, don’t delay. Contact a Dallas federal bank fraud lawyer with Varghese Summersett immediately. Our team has more than four decades of combined experience fighting fraud cases. What is considered a financial institution for purposes of Bank Fraud? The definition of financial institutions is found in 18 USC 20. Financial institutions in bank fraud prosecution can include any institution insured under the FDIC, such as credit unions, federal home loan banks, Farm Credit Systems, small business investment companies, and some foreign banks. Many transactions within financial institutions involve a lot of personnel, including loan officers, title prepares, and a slew of other bank employees who may handle any financial transaction. Each person who handled a financial transaction could be a target or a witness in an investigation, even if they are not part of a fraud scheme. It’s vital for anyone requested for questioning by federal or state law enforcement officials to contact an experienced Dallas federal bank fraud lawyer to determine if they have any legal exposure. Furthermore, attorneys need to take a proactive approach if an investigation begins, including gathering information as to what crimes the investigators suspect occurred and reviewing all pertinent documentation. What should you do if an investigator reaches out about bank fraud? It is critically important for people wrapped up in an investigation to determine a strategy that either involves gathering materials to demonstrate non-participation in a scheme or, in the alternative, cooperating with investigators to avoid prosecution or mitigate criminal exposure. However, many people in this situation speak with investigators, believing they only need to explain their way out of trouble. This is not a wise move. Doing this overlooks the reality that agents are adept at interrogating and making people comfortable to start talking. Seek the... > Do you need a Dallas child endangerment lawyer? Contact the expert team of criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett for a complimentary consultation. - Published: 2023-06-23 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/child-endangerment/ What Is Child Endangerment in Texas? Child endangerment in Texas is a felony offense under Texas Penal Code § 22. 041 that occurs when someone places a child under 15 in danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment. The charge carries 180 days to two years in state jail and fines up to $10,000. If you're facing a child endangerment investigation or charge in Dallas, the consequences extend far beyond criminal penalties. You could lose custody of your children, face CPS intervention, and carry a permanent felony record. Contact a Dallas child endangerment lawyer at Varghese Summersett immediately. Our team includes Board Certified criminal law specialists and former prosecutors who have defended hundreds of clients against these serious allegations. How Does Texas Define Child Endangerment? Texas law defines child endangerment as intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or negligently placing a child younger than 15 in imminent danger. The offense can occur through direct action or failure to act when you have a legal duty to protect the child. The law covers a broad range of conduct. A parent who drives intoxicated with children in the car, leaves a child unsupervised in dangerous conditions, or exposes a child to domestic violence could face charges. Texas prosecutors often file child endangerment charges alongside other offenses like DWI with a child passenger or drug possession. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys What Conduct Leads to Child Endangerment Charges in Texas? Child endangerment charges in Dallas commonly arise from drug-related conduct. Under Texas law, specific situations automatically constitute endangerment. Manufacturing methamphetamine in the presence of a child is child endangerment. Making methamphetamine accessible to a child who then tests positive for the drug is child endangerment. Using any Penalty Group 1 controlled substance around a child is child endangerment. Penalty Group 1 substances include cocaine, heroin, fentanyl, methamphetamine, oxycodone, methadone, codeine, and opium. Texas treats drug-related endangerment seriously because of the immediate physical danger these substances pose to children. Beyond drug offenses, prosecutors file endangerment charges when children are left in hot cars, exposed to unsanitary or dangerous living conditions, or present during violent altercations. Each case depends on whether the prosecution can prove the child faced genuine danger of harm. What Are the Penalties for Child Endangerment in Texas? Child endangerment is a State Jail Felony in Texas. A conviction carries 180 days to two years in a state jail facility and fines up to $10,000. Unlike prison sentences, state jail time does not qualify for parole or early release for good behavior. The criminal penalties represent only part of the consequences. A felony conviction creates a permanent record that affects employment, housing, and professional licensing. For parents, the stakes are even higher. CPS may open an investigation that could result in removal of your children from the home, supervised visitation requirements, or termination of parental rights in extreme cases. A Dallas child endangerment lawyer can fight both the criminal charges and any parallel CPS proceedings. These cases require coordinated... > Injured in a big rig wreck in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Dallas truck accident lawyer. - Published: 2023-06-05 - Modified: 2026-06-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-truck-accident-lawyer/ Dallas Truck Accident Lawyer | Big Rig Wrecks A Dallas truck accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett helps victims of 18-wheeler and commercial truck wrecks recover compensation for serious injuries, lost wages, and wrongful death. Our personal injury attorneys handle cases on contingency, meaning you pay nothing unless we win. Big rig wrecks in Dallas cause devastating injuries that go far beyond typical car accidents. The sheer size and weight of commercial trucks (often 80,000 pounds fully loaded) means collisions frequently result in catastrophic harm or death. Worse, many of these crashes are completely avoidable. Truck drivers often take unnecessary risks, bend federal safety rules, and push through fatigue to meet tight delivery deadlines. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we understand the unique complexities of commercial truck accident cases. These claims differ significantly from standard car wrecks due to Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulations, complex liability involving multiple parties, and the substantial insurance policies trucking companies carry. We work to hold every responsible party accountable and fight until you receive the compensation you deserve. Below, our Dallas truck accident lawyers explain what to do after an 18-wheeler wreck, the compensation recovery process, and how our firm can help without any upfront costs. What Causes Commercial Truck Wrecks in Dallas? Truck drivers must pass education and safety tests to receive a Commercial Driver's License (CDL) from the Texas Department of Public Safety. But licensing alone doesn't prevent dangerous behavior on Dallas highways. Long hours, pressure to meet delivery deadlines, and inadequate oversight lead to reckless, distracted, or fatigued driving. The most common causes of truck wrecks include: Driver Fatigue: Federal regulations under 49 CFR § 395. 3 limit truck drivers to 11 hours of driving after 10 consecutive hours off duty. Yet many drivers push past these limits. Fatigue impairs alertness and reaction times, making accidents far more likely. Distracted Driving: Texting, phone calls, eating, or adjusting navigation systems divert attention from the road. Under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 4251, commercial drivers face enhanced penalties for texting while driving. Speeding: Commercial trucks require significantly more time and distance to stop than passenger vehicles. When truck drivers exceed speed limits or drive too fast for conditions, they lose control and cause accidents. Impaired Driving: Drivers operating under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or certain medications experience impaired judgment and slower reaction times. Commercial drivers face stricter blood alcohol limits (0. 04% versus 0. 08% for regular drivers) under 49 CFR § 382. 201. Poor Vehicle Maintenance: Neglected maintenance causes brake failures, tire blowouts, and steering problems. Under 49 CFR Part 396, motor carriers must systematically inspect, repair, and maintain all commercial vehicles. Improper Loading or Overloading: Cargo that's improperly loaded or exceeds weight limits affects stability and handling. Shifting cargo can cause drivers to lose control. Federal weight limits under 23 CFR § 658. 17 cap trucks at 80,000 pounds gross vehicle weight. Adverse Weather: Heavy rain, fog, and ice create hazardous conditions. Professional drivers must adjust speed and... > Were you or a loved one injured in an accident caused by a road hazard? Call for a free consultation with a Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer. - Published: 2023-05-24 - Modified: 2024-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/road-defect-accidents/ Fort Worth Road Defect Accident Lawyer Texas has more than 70,000 highways, farm-to-market roads, frontage strees, and park roads — and that’s not even counting streets within towns or cities. With all of this infrastructure, it’s no surprise that road defects and hazards are responsible for a staggering number of injury accidents every year in the Lone Star State. But this shouldn’t be the case. Local, state, and federal governments have a responsibility to keep our roads safe for everyone. That means regularly inspecting them for hazards, correcting poor designs, and taking action when needed — failure to do so can result in tragedy. If you have been injured or someone you love has been killed in an accident caused by poor or unsafet road conditions or hazards in Fort Worth or the surrounding area, someone should be held accountable. That’s where a Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer comes in. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we are dedicated to helping injured victims and their families obtain compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. We understand that no amount of money can undo what happened, but we will fight for the financial security you need to move forward with your life. In this article, our Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer explains various types of unsafe road conditions, liability in these types of cases, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Importantly, our team works on contingency, which means you will never pay us anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We are only paid if, and when, we get compensation for you. Common Types of Road Defects and Hazards There are several types of road defects or hazards that are the basis of personal injury claims in Texas. These defects, if not promptly and properly addressed, can result in accidents causing injury or even death. Here are some common ones: Potholes and Road Wear Over time, roads can develop potholes and cracks due to the wear and tear of a road surface, often exacerbated by harsh weather conditions. Potholes can cause drivers to lose control of their vehicles, leading to accidents. Uneven Pavement Changes in the level of the road surface, often due to poor maintenance or construction work, can be hazardous. Lack of or Improper Signage Signs are essential for notifying drivers of speed limits, upcoming turns, pedestrian crossings, and other important information. Missing, unclear, obscure, or incorrect traffic signs can lead to confusion or misjudgment on the part of drivers. Inadequate Lighting Poorly lit roads can make it difficult for drivers to see hazards, other vehicles, or pedestrians, especially at night. Faulty Traffic Lights Traffic lights are crucial for managing traffic flow and ensuring safety at intersections. Malfunctioning traffic lights can create confusion and lead to collisions. Road Design Flaws Some roads may be unsafe due to their poor road design can include sharp turns without proper warning signs, inadequate or nonexistent shoulder space, and unsafe slopes or grades. Construction... > Do you need a Dallas intoxication assault lawyer? For the best defense in North Texas, call our defense team at Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2023-05-15 - Modified: 2026-01-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/intoxication-assault/ What is Intoxication Assault in Dallas? Intoxication assault is a serious felony in Texas that occurs when someone causes severe bodily injury to another person while driving drunk or under the influence of drugs. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 07, this third-degree felony carries 2 to 10 years in prison and fines up to $10,000. If you're facing these charges in Dallas, contact Varghese Summersett immediately at 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas intoxication assault lawyer. Unlike most criminal offenses, intoxication assault does not require intent. You don't have to mean to hurt anyone. An accident while intoxicated is enough for prosecutors to file charges. This makes these cases particularly devastating for everyone involved, including the victims, the defendant, and both families. Why Intoxication Assault Cases Require Immediate Legal Help The Dallas County District Attorney's Office created a dedicated vehicular crimes unit in 2022 specifically to prosecute these cases more aggressively. According to the Dallas Morning News, prosecutors now treat intoxication assault cases with the same intensity as other violent felonies. This means you need a defense attorney who understands how seriously the DA's office takes these charges. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team includes former prosecutors and Board Certified specialists who have handled hundreds of DWI-related felony cases across North Texas. We maintain offices in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and Southlake to serve clients throughout the region. How Does Texas Define Intoxication Assault? Texas Penal Code § 49. 07 states that a person commits intoxication assault if they cause serious bodily injury to another person by accident or mistake while operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated. The law also applies to operating aircraft, watercraft, or amusement rides while impaired. There are three ways Texas proves intoxication. First, if you lack normal mental faculties due to alcohol, drugs, or any controlled substance. Second, if you lack normal physical faculties for the same reasons. Third, if your blood alcohol concentration measures 0. 08% or higher. Prosecutors only need to prove one of these three elements. What Qualifies as Serious Bodily Injury? Texas law sets a high bar for "serious bodily injury. " Under Texas Penal Code § 1. 07(a)(46), serious bodily injury means any injury that creates a substantial risk of death, causes death, results in serious permanent disfigurement, or causes protracted loss or impairment of any bodily member or organ. Broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, and internal organ injuries typically qualify. Minor cuts, bruises, or temporary injuries generally do not meet this threshold. What Are the Penalties for Intoxication Assault in Dallas? The penalties for intoxication assault depend on who was injured and your prior criminal history. A standard intoxication assault is a third-degree felony in Texas, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison, fines up to $10,000, community service up to 600 hours, driver's license suspension for one year, mandatory ignition interlock device installation, and required completion of drug or alcohol treatment programs. The charges become... > If you are facing the accidental death of a loved one because of someone's negligence, contact Varghese Summersett's Dallas wrongful death lawyers. - Published: 2023-03-26 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/wrongful-death/ Dallas Wrongful Death Lawyer Deadly accidents on the roadways in North Texas occur daily. Most of these fatal accidents are preventable if not for a negligent act by another driver. We all hope to avoid receiving this kind of call from law enforcement. It’s the stuff of nightmares. If you are facing the death of a loved one, you’re emotions are likely swirling between anguish, confusion, helplessness, anger, and shock. The Dallas wrongful death lawyers at Varghese Summersett are here to help. We will fight for you to hold people and corporations accountable for the wrongful death of your loved one. If your loved one is killed because of the negligence or wrongful act of someone, you may have a legal claim against the responsible party, including monetary damages for your losses. In this post, our experienced Dallas wrongful death lawyers address commonly-asked questions about wrongful death lawsuits and explain how we can help you through this tough time. Remember, you are not alone. What is a wrongful death in Texas? A wrongful death occurs when someone dies as a result of someone else’s: wrongful act, Neglect, Carelessness, unskillfulness, or default. Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 71, commonly called “Texas’ Wrongful Death Statute” or “Texas Wrongful Death Act,” defines the wrongful death laws. The statute allows survivors to file civil lawsuits against an individual, company, professional, or government agency responsible for their family member’s death. What are the common causes of wrongful death claims in Texas? Our Dallas wrongful death lawyer’s include, but are not limited to, the following: Traffic fatalities, including drunk or distracted driving; 18-wheeler fatalities; Motorcycle or bicycle fatalities; Auto-pedestrian fatalities; Boating fatalities; Train fatalities; Plane fatalities; Workplace fatalities; Construction site fatalities; Doctor or hospital malpractice; Jail or prison deaths; Industrial fatalities; Defective product deaths. What’s the difference between personal injury and wrongful death suits? A personal injury lawsuit and a wrongful death suit are very similar, but with one huge difference: death. Personal injury lawsuits are civil claims filed by a victim against the negligent party who caused them injury in an accident. Wrongful death lawsuits are civil actions brought by surviving family members after the death of a loved one. In both, the plaintiff’s Dallas wrongful death lawyer must prove that the defendant’s wrongful act, negligence, carelessness, unskillfulness, or default led to the accident and resulting injuries or death. Who can file a wrongful death lawsuit in Texas? Under Texas’ Wrongful Death Statute Section 71. 004, the only people who can pursue a wrongful death suit are the surviving spouse, children, or the parents of the deceased. Each of these parties may file a claim together or individually. If neither files a lawsuit within three months, a personal executor or the deceased’s estate administrator may file the suit unless family members specifically advised not to. Can siblings file wrongful death lawsuits in Texas? No, Texas law prevents siblings from filing wrongful death lawsuits. Siblings are not listed among the survivors who can pursue... > In this article we discuss the Texas DWI laws and what you should know if you are are arrested for a DWI in Texas. - Published: 2023-03-14 - Modified: 2024-10-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dwi/ DWI in Texas Our team of DWI lawyers has built a reputation for obtaining phenomenal results defending driving while intoxicated cases in Texas. This is for a number of reasons. First and foremost, we are trial lawyers who have gone to jury trial on Driving While Intoxicated (and intoxication assault and intoxication manslaughter cases) more than almost any other group of attorneys in Texas. Not every case goes to trial, so why is it important to have a trial attorney on your team? Prosecutors know when the person on the other side has what it takes to go to bat for you. As a result, trial lawyers get far better offers than attorneys who never go to trial. Second, we have a number of Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists on our team – which is the highest designation a criminal defense attorney can reach. In this article, we explain the Texas DWI Laws. To put it in perspective, less than three percent of lawyers in Texas have earned this designation. Board Certification is the only way to be considered an expert in a practice area. Third, our results and reviews speak for themselves. We have had more than our fair share of dismissals, reductions, and acquittals. If you haven’t already, we encourage you to look at our Google reviews. What is a DWI in Texas? In Texas, DWI stands for Driving While Intoxicated. It is a criminal offense that occurs when a person operates a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or any other substance that impairs their ability to drive safely. Texas law defines intoxication as: Having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08% or higher, or Not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to the introduction of a substance into your body. What are the legal elements of Driving While Intoxicated in Texas? Interestingly, the Texas Penal Code does not mention “driving” in its definition of a DWI. The state instead requires prosecutors to show the following to prove a DWI: On or about a particular date The person accused “Operated” A motor vehicle While intoxicated What does “intoxicated” mean when it comes to a Driving While Intoxicated charge? According to Texas law, intoxicated means: The person lacked their “normal” mental faculties due to an intoxicant; The person lacked their “normal” physical faculties due to an intoxicant; OR The person had a blood alcohol concentration of . 08 or more. What is Normal? Our DWI Lawyer put the word “normal” in quotes because it’s not a defined term and is one reason why a case without a breath or blood specimen could be open for attack. In non-specimen cases (where there is no breath or blood sample), whether or not a person was normal is subject to a lot of debate. A first-time DWI can be filed in four different ways: a standard DWI, DWI-Open Container, and DWI with a BAC of 0. 15 or higher: DWI (Driving While Intoxicated)... > Our Dallas car accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett have helped countless clients win the deserved compensation after serious injuries from car accidents. - Published: 2023-03-08 - Modified: 2024-04-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/car-accidents/ Dallas Car Accident Lawyer Why You Need a Dallas Car Accident Lawyer Car accidents can happen in a split second, leaving you with injuries, medical bills, and lost wages. Having an experienced Dallas car accident lawyer by your side can make all the difference in ensuring you receive the compensation you deserve. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll discuss the benefits of hiring a car accident attorney, what to look for in the best Dallas car accident lawyers, and how they can help you through the legal process. We will help you get back on your feet and cover your expenses. Our Dallas car accident lawyers have helped countless people receive the compensation they deserve after serious injuries from a wreck. We know the ins and outs of the insurance claims process and will fight to ensure you are fairly compensated for medical bills, car repairs, lost wages, and other damages. We will explain how to proceed if you’ve been injured in a car wreck and answer all your questions about insurance or personal injury claims. Car Accidents in Dallas Are Far Too Common In 2021, there were 35,355 crashes in Dallas alone. 227 people lost their lives and nearly 14,000 individuals suffered injuries. Understanding Car Accident Laws in Texas Causation Before Compensation Texas follows an “at-fault” system, meaning that the person responsible for the accident must compensate the injured party for their damages. As a result, proving liability is crucial for securing the compensation you deserve. Comparative Fault in Texas Texas applies a “modified comparative fault” rule, which means that if you are partially at fault for the accident, your compensation will be reduced according to your percentage of fault. However, if you are more than 50% responsible, you cannot recover any damages Statute of Limitations In Texas, you have a two-year window from the date of the accident to file a personal injury lawsuit. Missing this deadline can prevent you from recovering any compensation. Checklist: What to do if involved in a Dallas car accident If you or a family member is involved in a car wreck in Dallas, it’s important to know what to do. Here’s a list of important steps to ensure you are protected and will be fully compensated: Call 911: This ensures that emergency responders arrive on the scene to provide any necessary medical help. It also creates a record of the accident, which is vitally important for any future claims. Exchange Information: After everyone involved has received any necessary medical treatment, exchange information with the other driver. Take their name, contact information, insurance company, policy number, and license plate number. If witnesses to the accident are available, also make sure to get their names and contact information. Take Pictures: Pictures are invaluable when dealing with insurance companies. Take pictures of the damages, the street and surroundings, emergency personnel, and any injuries from the wreck. Pursue medical treatment: It’s very important to receive medical attention as soon as possible, even if you’re not sure you... > Injured in a bicycle accident in Texas? Call for a free consultation with our Fort Worth Bicycle Accident Lawyer. 817-207-HURT (4878) - Published: 2023-02-23 - Modified: 2024-04-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/bicycle-accidents/ Fort Worth Bicycle Accident Lawyer | Justice for Cyclists Bicycling is a favorite pastime, source of exercise, and means of transportation all across North Texas. But it also comes with its own inherent risks. Vehicles and bicycle collisions are, unfortunately, very common in Texas. In 2021, there were 2,266 bike-car crashes, resulting in 92 deaths, according to the Texas Department of Transportation. Currently, the Lone Star State ranks No. 32 in bicycle safety. If you or someone you love has been seriously injured or killed in a bicycle accident in Fort Worth or the surrounding areas due to someone else’s negligence, it’s important to reach out to a Fort Worth bicycle accident lawyer as soon as possible. Fortunately, you are in the right place. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, our team of experienced personal injury lawyers has vast experience fighting for justice and compensation for bicycle accident victims and their families. In this article, we explain bicycle injuries, the process for recovering compensation in Texas, and how our law firm can help. Don’t think you can afford a personal injury attorney? Hiring our team won’t require penny down. We work on a contingency fee basis, which means you won’t owe us anything until we recover compensation for you. If you don’t get paid, we don’t get paid. What Should I Do If I’m Involved in a Bicycle Accident? If you’ve been involved in a bicycle accident, there are five important steps you should take to put yourself in a favorable position to pursue compensation through an insurance claim or lawsuit: 1. Seek medical attention if you or anyone else involved in the accident is injured. Even if you don’t think your injuries are serious, it’s important to get checked out by a doctor as soon as possible. Many bicycle injuries, especially if a vehicle was involved, are more problematic than they initially appear. 2. Call the police and file a report. The police report will be important in documenting the details of the accident and may be helpful in filing an insurance claim or a lawsuit. 3. If possible, take photos of the accident scene and gather contact information from any witnesses. The more information you have, the better, especially in the event of a legal dispute. 4. Avoid discussing the accident with the other party or their insurance company without first speaking with a personal injury lawyer. Whatever you do, don’t admit fault! A Fort Worth bicycle accident lawyer can guide you the process and help protect your legal rights. 5. Contact a Fort Worth bicycle accident lawyer ASAP. A bicycle accident lawyer will thoroughly investigate the accident, determine fault, handle negotiations with the insurance company and, if necessary, file a bicycle accident lawsuit. What are Common Causes of Bicycle Accidents? Bicycle accidents can be caused by a variety of reason, including but not limited to: Driver negligence, such as distracted driving or driving under the influence; Road hazards, such as potholes and debris on the road; Defective... > Are you facing embezzlement charges in North Texas? Call Varghese Summersett to consult with one of the region's top Dallas embezzlement lawyers. - Published: 2023-02-06 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/embezzlement/ What does a Dallas embezzlement lawyer do? A Dallas embezzlement lawyer defends people accused of misusing money or property they were trusted to manage. These charges carry serious penalties in Texas, from fines to decades in prison, depending on the amount involved. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense team has defended hundreds of clients facing white-collar criminal charges in Dallas County and federal court. If you're under investigation or facing charges, call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. What is embezzlement under Texas law? Embezzlement occurs when someone intentionally takes money or property they were legally allowed to access but uses it for personal gain. Under Texas Penal Code Chapter 31, embezzlement falls under theft offenses because it involves unlawfully appropriating property with intent to deprive the owner. The key element that separates embezzlement from other theft crimes is the trust relationship. An embezzler had lawful access to the assets before stealing them. Common examples include a bookkeeper transferring company funds to personal accounts, an executive filing fake expense reports, or an employee pocketing cash from a register. State theft laws protect private money, while federal laws under 18 U. S. C. § 641 protect public money, defined as "anything of value of the United States. " This means embezzling from a government agency or federally insured bank triggers federal prosecution. How is embezzlement different from fraud? The difference comes down to access. In embezzlement cases, the accused had legal authority to handle the money or property before misappropriating it. In fraud cases, the person never had legitimate access and used deception to obtain assets. For example, a company accountant who diverts payroll funds to a personal account commits embezzlement. A scammer who tricks someone into wiring money to a fake account commits fraud. Both are serious crimes, but prosecutors must prove different elements for each. What are the penalties for embezzlement in Dallas? Texas punishes embezzlement based on the value of the property or money taken. The penalties increase dramatically as the dollar amount rises. Amount Embezzled Classification Maximum Fine Potential Incarceration Less than $100 Class C Misdemeanor $500 None $100 to $750 Class B Misdemeanor $2,000 Up to 180 days in jail $750 to $2,500 Class A Misdemeanor $4,000 Up to 1 year in jail $2,500 to $30,000 State Jail Felony $10,000 180 days to 2 years in state jail $30,000 to $150,000 Third-Degree Felony $10,000 2 to 10 years in prison $150,000 to $300,000 Second-Degree Felony $10,000 2 to 20 years in prison $300,000 or more First-Degree Felony $10,000 5 to 99 years in prison Beyond criminal penalties, embezzlement convictions often result in civil lawsuits from victims seeking restitution. A felony conviction also creates lasting consequences, including difficulty finding employment, losing professional licenses, and losing the right to vote or own firearms. What are the federal sentencing guidelines for embezzlement? Federal embezzlement cases follow Section 2B1. 1 of the United States Sentencing Guidelines. Most federal embezzlement convictions carry a statutory maximum of 10 years, with a base offense... > Our Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child Lawyer explains one of the most severe charges in Texas. - Published: 2023-02-02 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/continuous-sexual-assault-of-a-child/ What is Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child in Dallas? Continuous sexual assault of a child is a first-degree felony in Texas that carries a minimum sentence of 25 years in prison without the possibility of parole. Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 02, this charge applies when someone age 17 or older commits two or more acts of sexual abuse against a child under 14, with the acts occurring at least 30 days apart. Only capital murder carries harsher penalties in Texas. If you or a family member faces investigation for this offense in Dallas, you need a defense attorney with specific experience handling these cases. The criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified specialists and former prosecutors who understand both sides of these complex cases. What Are the Elements of Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code § 21. 02 requires prosecutors to prove two specific elements beyond a reasonable doubt. First, during a period of 30 or more days, a person commits two or more acts of sexual abuse against one or more victims. Second, at the time of the acts, the accused is age 17 or older, and the victim is younger than 14. The law applies regardless of whether the accused knew the victim's age. This strict liability provision means mistake of age is not a valid defense. Jurors do not need to agree on which specific acts occurred. They must only unanimously agree that at least two acts of sexual abuse happened during the required time period. Prosecutors can also allege the abuse involved different victims under age 14. These legal complexities require a Dallas defense lawyer with deep experience in child sexual assault cases. What Acts Qualify as Sexual Abuse Under This Statute? Texas Penal Code § 21. 02 defines sexual abuse broadly. The qualifying acts include aggravated kidnapping with intent to sexually abuse, indecency with a child (other than touching the breast through clothing), sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, burglary with intent to commit a sexual offense, sexual performance by a child, trafficking of persons, and compelling prostitution. Any two of these acts, committed 30 or more days apart against a child under 14, can support a continuous sexual assault charge. The broad statutory language gives prosecutors significant flexibility in charging decisions. What is the Punishment for Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? A conviction for continuous sexual assault of a child carries a prison sentence of 25 years to life without the possibility of parole. There is no probation option because Texas law only allows probation for sentences of 10 years or less under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 42. 12, § 4(d)(1). Deferred adjudication is also unavailable for this offense. A second conviction results in automatic life imprisonment without parole. This charge falls under the "super aggravated" category in Texas law. The "super" designation refers to enhanced punishment provisions that apply when the victim is under age six, when the... > If you or a family member needs a Dallas child sexual assault lawyer, the defense team at Varghese Summersett has an unmatched record of success in North Texas. - Published: 2023-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/child-sexual-assault/ What Is Sexual Assault of a Child Under Texas Law? Sexual assault of a child in Texas means any sexual contact or penetration involving a person under age 17. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011, a child cannot legally consent to sex, so even willing participation is not a defense. If you're facing these allegations in Dallas, you need a defense attorney who has successfully tried these cases to verdict. At Varghese Summersett, our partners are former prosecutors who handled crimes against children cases. We know exactly how the Dallas County District Attorney's office builds child sexual assault prosecutions because we helped develop their procedures. That experience now works for our clients. The stakes in these cases are severe. A conviction means mandatory sex offender registration for life. Depending on the child's age and other factors, you could face anywhere from two years to life in prison with no possibility of parole. False allegations happen more often than most people realize, particularly during custody disputes. An experienced defense can mean the difference between prison and freedom. What Are the Different Charges for Child Sexual Assault in Texas? Texas law categorizes child sexual assault charges based on the victim's age and the presence of aggravating factors. Understanding these distinctions is critical because the penalties vary dramatically. Sexual Assault of a Child (Ages 14-16): Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 011, sexual contact with a child aged 14 to 16 is a second-degree felony. This carries 2 to 20 years in prison. Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child (Ages 6-13): When the victim is under 14, the charge elevates to aggravated sexual assault of a child under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021. This is a first-degree felony punishable by 5 years to life in prison. Super Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child: This charge applies automatically when the victim is under six years old. It also applies when the victim is under 14 and any of these aggravating factors exist: use of a deadly weapon, causing serious bodily injury, threatening death or serious injury, or using drugs to facilitate the assault. The punishment is 25 years to life with no possibility of probation or parole. What Are the Penalties for Sexual Assault of a Child in Dallas? Texas imposes some of the harshest penalties in the nation for child sexual assault convictions. The punishment depends primarily on the victim's age at the time of the offense. Second-Degree Felony (victim age 14-16): 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and fines up to $10,000. First-Degree Felony (victim age 6-13): 5 years to life in prison and fines up to $10,000. Super Aggravated Sexual Assault (victim under 6 or aggravating factors with victim under 14): Minimum 25 years to 99 years or life. No probation. No parole. No deferred adjudication. Beyond prison time, a conviction triggers lifetime sex offender registration under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Chapter 62. This applies regardless of whether you receive deferred adjudication, probation,... > If you're facing super aggravated sexual assault of a child charges in Dallas, you need a top Dallas child sexual assault lawyer. Call Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-02-02 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/super-aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/ What is Super Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child in Texas? Super aggravated sexual assault of a child is one of the most serious criminal charges in Texas, carrying a minimum 25-year prison sentence with no possibility of parole. The charge applies when the victim is under age 6 or when aggravating factors exist in cases involving children under 14. A conviction also requires lifetime sex offender registration. The term "super" is not found in the Texas Penal Code. It was added colloquially to distinguish these cases from standard aggravated sexual assault because of the enhanced penalties. If you or someone you know is facing this charge, understanding how Texas law defines the offense and what prosecutors must prove is critical to building a defense. What Makes a Sexual Assault "Super Aggravated" Under Texas Law? Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 021, a sexual assault becomes "super aggravated" when one of two conditions is met. First, if the victim was younger than 6 years old at the time of the offense. Second, if the victim was younger than 14 and at least one aggravating factor was present during the commission of the crime. Aggravating factors that trigger the enhanced penalties include: Causing serious bodily injury or attempting to cause the death of the victim Placing the victim in fear of death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping, or sex trafficking through words or acts Using or exhibiting a deadly weapon during the offense Acting in concert with another person who also sexually assaulted the victim Administering a substance (such as a "date rape" drug) to impair the victim's ability to resist or appraise the nature of the act Without these aggravating factors, the offense would be charged as standard aggravated sexual assault of a child, which carries a prison range of 5 to 99 years rather than the mandatory 25-year minimum. Learm more, meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorney team. Why Did Texas Create Enhanced Penalties for These Cases? Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 8 in 2007, creating the super aggravated sexual assault enhancement. The legislation is known as the Jessica Lunsford Act, named after a 9-year-old Florida girl who was kidnapped, raped, and murdered by a registered sex offender in 2005. Her case sparked nationwide outrage and prompted multiple states to strengthen their laws protecting children from sexual predators. The Texas legislature determined that existing penalties for aggravated sexual assault of young children were insufficient. By creating the super aggravated classification, lawmakers ensured that offenders who target the youngest and most vulnerable victims face the harshest consequences available under state law. What is the Punishment for Super Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child? A conviction for super aggravated sexual assault of a child carries a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years in prison. The maximum sentence is life imprisonment. There is no possibility of parole, meaning the convicted person must serve the entire sentence day-for-day. Additionally, a conviction requires lifetime registration as a sex offender. The court may also impose fines... > If you're being investigated for Dallas aggravated sexual assault of a child, you need a strong defense attorney immediately. Call Varghese Summersett now. - Published: 2023-02-02 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/aggravated-sexual-assault-of-a-child/ Dallas Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child Lawyer If you're facing aggravated sexual assault of a child charges in Dallas, you need a defense attorney immediately. This is a first-degree felony carrying 5 years to life in prison, a $10,000 fine, and lifetime sex offender registration. The defense team at Varghese Summersett has helped clients facing these allegations across Dallas County, and we understand how to challenge the state's case at every stage. These charges can arise from a single accusation with no physical evidence. A child's statement alone can lead to an arrest. That's why early intervention matters. The sooner an experienced Dallas child sexual assault lawyer reviews your case, the better your chances of building a strong defense. What is aggravated sexual assault of a child under Texas law? Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 021, aggravated sexual assault of a child occurs when someone knowingly or intentionally commits certain sexual acts with a child under 14 years old. The offense is automatically "aggravated" because of the victim's age. No additional factors like weapons or threats are required. The prohibited acts include causing penetration of a child's anus or sexual organ by any means, causing penetration of a child's mouth by the actor's sexual organ, or causing contact between a child's sexual organ and another person's mouth, anus, or sexual organ. For victims aged 14 to 16, the offense becomes aggravated sexual assault when additional factors are present. These include using a deadly weapon, threatening serious bodily injury or death, administering drugs or alcohol to the victim, or acting with another person to commit the offense. https://youtu. be/wQ4V5OPWJs8 What are the penalties for aggravated sexual assault of a child in Texas? Aggravated sexual assault of a child is a first-degree felony in Texas. A conviction carries a prison sentence ranging from 5 to 99 years or life. The court can also impose fines up to $10,000. Beyond prison time, a conviction requires lifetime registration as a sex offender on both the Texas Public Sex Offender Registry and the National Sex Offender Public Website. This registration restricts where you can live, where you can work, and your ability to be around children, including your own. If the child was under 6 years old at the time of the alleged offense, the minimum sentence increases to 25 years with no possibility of parole. These enhanced penalties reflect how seriously Texas treats these allegations. Does it matter if I didn't know the child's age? No. Under Texas law, mistake of age is not a defense to aggravated sexual assault of a child. It doesn't matter if the child lied about their age or if you genuinely believed they were older. The state only needs to prove the child was under 14 (or under 17 with aggravating factors) at the time of the alleged offense. This strict liability standard means prosecutors don't have to prove you knew the victim's actual age. This is one reason these cases require experienced defense attorneys who... > Nothing is more serious than causing the death of another person. Here's what you need to know about Criminally Negligent Homicide in Dallas. - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminally-negligent-homicide/ Dallas Criminally Negligent Homicide Lawyers Homicides are among the most serious crimes a person can be charged with. Criminally negligent homicide is the lowest level of homicide in Texas, but could still result in years of incarceration. That’s why you must contact a Dallas Criminally Negligent Homicide Lawyer with the expertise to defend what can be a complex and even high-stakes case that often comes with media attention. This article summarizes the offense of Criminally Negligent Homicide, which is one of four homicide offenses in Texas. Homicide means the unlawful killing of a person. The other offenses are Murder, Capital Murder, and Manslaughter. What is Criminally Negligent Homicide? If a person causes the death of another by criminal negligence, they could face charges for Criminally Negligent Homicide. A person is criminally negligent if they should have been aware that their conduct could put another person’s life at a substantial and unjustifiable risk. Therefore, you could be arrested even if you had no intention of killing another person because you behaved in a way that disregarded an unjustifiable risk to another’s life. What is the punishment for Criminally Negligent Homicide? Criminally Negligent Homicide is a state jail felony in Texas. The punishment for a state jail felony is a minimum of 180 days in prison and a maximum of two years in prison, and up to a $10,000 fine. Also, you can be charged with a third-degree felony if a deadly weapon is used or exhibited during the commission of Criminally Negligent Homicide or immediately after. The punishment for a third-degree felony is 2 to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Examples of Criminally Negligent Homicide Common examples of acts that might be charged as criminally negligent homicide include: Texting a driving that results in the death of a person; Firing a weapon in the air; Leaving a child in a vehicle; and Improperly handling a loaded firearm. What Are the Other Types of Homicide Offenses? Murder Murder is intentionally or knowingly causing the death of another; or while intending to cause serious bodily injury, committing an act that causes the death of another, or causing the death of another while in the commission of a felony. Murder is a first-degree felony in Texas. The punishment for a first-degree felony is a minimum of five years in prison, a maximum of life, and a fine of up to $10,000. Capital Murder A person commits capital murder if he meets the elements of murder as defined above and there is one of the following aggravating factors: The individual killed is a peace officer or fireman in the line of duty, and the person knows the individual is a peace officer or fireman; The killing occurs during the commission or attempt of the following felonies: kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat; The killing was committed for payment or promise of payment (both the person who kills another and the person who hires... > Accused of intoxication manslaughter in Dallas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas intoxication manslaughter lawyer at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/intoxication-manslaughter/ What is intoxication manslaughter in Texas? Intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony that occurs when an intoxicated driver causes another person's death. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, this charge carries 2 to 20 years in prison and up to $10,000 in fines. If you're facing this charge in Dallas, you need a defense attorney who understands both the science of intoxication evidence and the complexities of causation law. Intoxication manslaughter is Texas' most serious DWI-related offense. The law states a person commits this crime if they operate a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride in a public place while intoxicated, and that intoxication causes another person's death by accident or mistake. Unlike murder or other violent crimes, intoxication manslaughter does not require intent. The prosecution only needs to prove you were intoxicated and that your intoxication caused the fatal accident. This makes these cases legally complex and emotionally devastating for everyone involved. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas intoxication manslaughter lawyers have defended hundreds of DWI and intoxication-related cases across North Texas. We understand what's at stake and how to build an effective defense. Why does Dallas County have so many intoxication manslaughter cases? Dallas County leads all large Texas counties in fatal crash rates involving intoxicated drivers, according to the Dallas Morning News. The county also has the highest per capita rate of fatalities when at least one driver was intoxicated. This means Dallas prosecutors handle intoxication manslaughter cases frequently. They have developed aggressive strategies and dedicated resources to these prosecutions. If you're charged, you need a defense team with equal experience and preparation. What must the prosecution prove in an intoxication manslaughter case? To convict you of intoxication manslaughter, prosecutors must prove three elements beyond a reasonable doubt. First, they must show you were operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Second, they must prove you were legally intoxicated at the time. Third, they must establish that your intoxication caused the victim's death. The third element, causation, is often where these cases become complicated. Texas Penal Code § 6. 04 defines causation as conduct that produces a result that would not have occurred otherwise. But what if other factors contributed to the crash? Our Dallas intoxication manslaughter lawyers examine every detail: Was the other driver speeding or distracted? Were road conditions dangerous? Was the victim wearing a seatbelt? Did a mechanical failure contribute to the accident? These questions can create reasonable doubt about whether intoxication actually caused the death. What is the punishment for intoxication manslaughter in Dallas? Intoxication manslaughter is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice and fines up to $10,000. Unlike many other felonies, deferred adjudication is not available for intoxication manslaughter. Probation is possible only for sentences of 10 years or less. Even then, the law requires a mandatory minimum of 120 days in county jail as a condition of probation. This jail time cannot be waived or reduced. Probation conditions for... > If you or a family member is facing a disorderly conduct charge, consult with a top Dallas disorderly conduct lawyer at Varghese Summersett as soon as possible - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/disorderly-conduct/ Dallas Disorderly Conduct Lawyer (2023) | Best Defenses Dallas Disorderly Conduct Lawyer A disorderly conduct charge in Texas is a misdemeanor offense that covers a broad range of offensive or reckless conduct in public. A Dallas disorderly conduct offense is typically a minor offense, but other factors could increase the charge and the punishment. It’s often charged along with similar offenses. If you or a family member is facing a disorderly conduct charge, consult with a skilled Dallas disorderly conduct lawyer as soon as possible. While disorderly conduct is a Class C misdemeanor, the equivalent of a ticket, the five- or ten-fold cost of hiring an attorney rather than paying the citation makes sense for individuals who want to prevent this from being a permanent blemish on their record and the collateral consequences that arise from a conviction. In this post, we’ll define disorderly conduct, explain the punishment, and discuss similar offenses in Texas. What is considered disorderly conduct in Texas? The Texas Penal Code Section 42. 01 defines disorderly conduct as any time someone intentionally or knowingly engages in offensive or reckless conduct in public, including: Uses abusive, indecent, profane, or vulgar language, and the language by its very utterance tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace; Makes an offensive gesture or display which tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace; Creates, by chemical means, a noxious and unreasonable odor; Abuses or threatens a person in an offensive manner; Makes unreasonable noise other than a sport shooting range, as defined by Section 250. 001, Local Government Code, or in or near a private residence that he has no right to occupy; Fights with another; Discharges a firearm other than a public road or a sport shooting range, as defined by Section 250. 001, Local Government Code; Displays a firearm or other deadly weapon in a manner calculated to alarm; Discharges a firearm on or across a public road; Exposes his anus or genitals and is reckless about whether another may be present who will be offended or alarmed by his act; or For a lewd or unlawful purpose: Peeks in a private residence, hotel, restroom, or shower stall designed for privacy. An expert Dallas disorderly conduct lawyer will explain the charges, your options, and the best way to proceed. What is the punishment for Dallas disorderly conduct? A disorderly conduct charge in Dallas is typically a Class C misdemeanor, which results in a ticket with a maximum fine of $500. The charge, however, is increased to a Class B misdemeanor in Texas if it involves discharging or displaying a firearm in a public place. A conviction for a Class B misdemeanor is punishable by up to six months in jail and a $2,000 fine. An adept Dallas disorderly conduct lawyer will make sure their client understands the charge and the potential punishment with a conviction. Why hire a criminal defense attorney over a ticket attorney? The defense team at Varghese Summersett handles disorderly conduct cases... > DWI Second - How to avoid jail time. Call 214-903-4000 today for a free consultation with one of our Dallas DWI 2nd lawyers. - Published: 2023-01-26 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/dwi-second/ A second DWI in Texas is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by 30 days to 1 year in jail and up to a $4,000 fine. If the state has their way on a DWI misdemeanor repetition case, you're going to jail. Our Dallas DWI lawyers refuse to accept this outcome. One of our top priorities in any DWI second offense case is resolving it without you spending time behind bars. What Are the Penalties for a Second DWI in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 09, a DWI second offense is a Class A misdemeanor. This is more serious than a first-time DWI (typically a Class B misdemeanor) and carries harsher consequences. Penalties for a DWI second include: 30 days to 1 year in county jail Fine up to $4,000 Driver's license suspension for 180 days to 2 years Mandatory installation of an ignition interlock device Community supervision (probation) with conditions One key difference with a second DWI is that Texas law requires "days in jail as a condition of probation. " This means even if you receive probation, the state will push for mandatory jail time. This is why having an experienced Dallas misdemeanor defense lawyer is essential. Can You Avoid Jail Time on a Second DWI in Texas? Yes, avoiding jail time on a second DWI is possible with the right defense strategy. Our firm has secured outcomes that include deferred adjudication, reduced charges, and dismissals for clients facing DWI misdemeanor repetition charges in Dallas County and surrounding areas. Strategies that may help you avoid jail include: Challenging the traffic stop (was there reasonable suspicion? ) Questioning field sobriety test administration Challenging blood or breath test results Negotiating for deferred adjudication Taking the case to trial if the evidence is weak If you're facing a second DWI charge, talk to a lawyer before you speak to anyone else. Your freedom may depend on the decisions you make in the next few days. What Does "Operating" a Vehicle Mean in Texas DWI Cases? Texas DWI law doesn't require you to be driving. Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 04, prosecutors only need to prove you "operated" a motor vehicle while intoxicated. The term "operated" is not defined in the statute, which gives officers and prosecutors wide discretion. You could be arrested for DWI in Dallas even if your vehicle is parked on the side of the road. If your keys are in the ignition and the engine is running, police may consider that "operating" the vehicle. People have been arrested for DWI while sitting in a parked car, sleeping in their vehicle, or simply having the air conditioning running. To prove a DWI, prosecutors must establish five elements: On or about a specific date A specific person (you) "Operated" a vehicle The vehicle was a motor vehicle You were intoxicated at the time How Does Texas Define Intoxication? Texas law defines "intoxication" in three ways: Lacking "normal" mental faculties due to alcohol or drugs Lacking "normal" physical faculties... > Accused of indecent exposure in Dallas or the surrounding areas? Call 214-903-4000 for an experienced Dallas indecent exposure lawyer. - Published: 2023-01-01 - Modified: 2024-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/indecent-exposure/ Dallas Indecent Exposure Lawyer What is indecent exposure in Dallas? Indecent exposure in Texas occurs when someone exposes themselves to another person for the purpose of sexual gratification. Texas Penal Code 21. 08 defines indecent exposure as any time a person “exposes his anus or any part of his genitals with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, and he is reckless about whether another person is present who will be offended or alarmed by his exposure. ” Dallas Indecent Exposure Lawyer Serving Dallas and Surrounding Counties Have you been arrested for indecent exposure in Dallas? If so, you need an experienced Dallas indecent exposure lawyer as soon as possible. Although it’s a misdemeanor, indecent exposure is an offense that carries a stigma that can turn your life upside down. In this blog post, we will explain indecent exposure, the potential penalties, and possible defense strategies. What does acting recklessly mean in a Texas indecent exposure charge? Texas law says acting recklessly in an indecent exposure case means someone commits an act while being aware their conduct can cause the result but consciously disregards the possibility that another person will be offended or alarmed. What are the most common examples of indecent exposure arrests in Dallas? The most common examples of indecent exposure arrests in Dallas include the following: Urinating in public; Exposing your buttocks (mooning) to someone else in public; Flashing a sexual organ (exposing) to someone else in public; Exposing female breasts, including sunbathing topless. Is public breastfeeding considered indecent exposure in Texas? No, a mother breastfeeding her child in public is not legally considered indecent exposure. Is a topless female in public committing indecent exposure in Texas? Not necessarily. The indecent exposure statute in Texas only mentions the genitals and anus, not female breasts. A woman being topless in public is a gray area. The state has no laws explicitly making exposed breasts illegal. However, while it may not be indecent exposure, it could be considered disorderly conduct and still result in an arrest. What is the punishment for indecent exposure in Dallas? In Texas, indecent exposure is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum of 180 days in jail and a $2,000 fine. It’s important to note that if the exposure happens in the presence of a child under 17, the charge could be a felony, indecency with a child by exposure. Repeat offenders can face harsher penalties for subsequent offenses. In 2023, Texas enacted TX HB 1730 which states that if a defendant has one previous conviction for indecent exposure, he or she will face a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a $4000 fine (rather than a Class B misdemeanor for a first-time offense). If a defendant has two or more previous convictions for indecent exposure, he or she will face a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine.... > Arrested for a felony in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 to speak with a Dallas felony lawyer today. - Published: 2022-11-14 - Modified: 2024-05-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/felony-defense/ Dallas Felony Lawyer | Best Criminal Defense What is a felony in Texas? In Texas, there are two classifications of crimes: Felonies and misdemeanors. Felonies are the most serious criminal charges in Texas and could include punishments of up to life in prison, $10,000 fines, and even the death penalty in the most egregious cases. Generally, anything that exposes you to more than 1 year in jail is going to be considered a felony. Not only does a felony conviction often come with prison and a hefty fine, but the collateral consequences could also alter your life forever. Choosing the right Dallas felony defense lawyer is going to be one of the most important decisions of your life, no matter the charge. If you're being investigated or accused of a felony, your freedom is on the line, and your future is in the balance. The Varghese Summersett Dallas defense team is prepared to fight for your rights and defend your freedom. The sooner you have legal representation, the better. An experienced Dallas felony lawyer will challenge the state's evidence and develop a solid defense strategy to obtain the best possible outcome. What are the different types of felonies in Texas? Texas has five types of felony charges. Each type varies in penalties. In order of least to most serious: State jail felony 3rd-degree felony 2nd-degree felony 1st-degree felony Capital felony What are the punishments for felony offenses in Dallas? The Texas Penal Code sections 12. 31 through 12. 35 explain the range of punishments for the five different levels of felony offenses. State jail felony: Punishable by 180 days to two years in state jail and a fine of up to $10,000. Examples of state jail felonies include possession of a controlled substance less than a gram, check forgery, animal cruelty, burglary, and theft of property less than $20,000. Third-degree felony: Punishable by two to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Third-degree felonies include stalking, intoxication assault, violating a protective order, third DWI, and jumping bail for a felony arrest. Second-degree felony: Punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Second-degree felonies include arson, robbery, bribery, sexual assault, human trafficking, online solicitation of a minor under 14, aggravated assault, and possession of more than two pounds of marijuana. First-degree felony: Punishable by five to 99 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Examples of first-degree felonies include child trafficking, aggravated robbery, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault of a child, and arson of a habitation. Capital felony: Punishable by life in prison without parole or death if the state seeks the death penalty. Capital murder is the only capital felony in Texas. What are the most common state jail felony offenses in Dallas? Some of the most common state jail felony offenses include: Possession of a controlled substance in penalty Group 1, including cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, oxycodone, or hydrocodone, of less than one gram Possession of a controlled... > Facing a Dallas criminal trespass charge? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas criminal trespass lawyer. - Published: 2022-11-07 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/criminal-trespass/ Dallas Criminal Trespass Lawyer | Trespassing Defense What is Criminal Trespassing in Dallas? Under Texas Penal Code 30. 05, a person commits criminal trespass if he or she enters or remains on another person's property without the effective consent of the owner and had notice that that the entry was forbidden; OR received notice to leave but failed to do so. Property can include land, buildings, planes, vehicles, or RV parks. Simply put, you commit criminal trespass if you go into a place or onto a property where you know you are not supposed to be. For example, entering someone's fenced yard with a sign that says "Keep Out" without the owner's permission could constitute criminal trespassing. Dallas Criminal Trespass Lawyer, Serving Dallas and the Surrounding Areas In the grand scheme of things, criminal trespass may not seem like a very serious offense. However, a conviction can significantly impact your life, carrying the possibility of jail time, fines, and a criminal record. That's why it is important to contact a skilled Dallas criminal trespass lawyer if you have been accused of this offense. It's important to resolve your case in a manner that will not result in a conviction and negatively impact your future. In this article, our attorneys explain the law, the punishment, and possible defenses to criminal trespassing in Dallas. What is the punishment for criminal trespassing in Dallas? In Texas, criminal trespassing is generally a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to six months in the county jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. However, if the offense was committed in a habitation, shelter or critical infrastructure facility, it is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. What are the collateral consequences for a Dallas criminal trespass conviction? Even though it is a misdemeanor offense, there are numerous collateral consequences to a conviction for criminal trespassing. A criminal record can make it difficult to get a job, housing or a professional license. That's why it is imperative to work with an experienced Dallas trespassing lawyer to avoid a conviction. What is "notice" under the Texas criminal trespass law? The term "notice" means that you were told, either verbally or in writing, not to enter the property. The owner can give you this notice in person; through signage on the property; or even through someone else, such as a security guard. Specifically, Texas law states that "notice" means: A. oral or written communication by the owner or someone with apparent authority to act for the owner; B. fencing or other enclosure obviously designed to exclude intruders or to contain livestock; C. a sign or signs posted on the property or at the entrance to a building, reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders; D. the placement of identifying purple paint marks on trees or posts on the property; E. the visible presence of crops that are being harvested. What's the significance of purple trees and... > Have you been ticketed for assault by threat in Dallas or North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 today for an experienced Dallas assault by threat lawyer. - Published: 2022-11-06 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-by-threat/ Dallas Assault by Threat Lawyer | Class C Threats What is assault by threat in Texas? Texas law describes assault by threat as when someone “intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse. ” That means if someone threatens to harm to you - or your spouse - they could be charged with assault by threat. It's important to point out that the threat can come in the form of verbal or written communication, including in person, by phone, email, or on social media. There are different levels of assault by threat in Texas, which we’ll detail later in this post. We'll also explain the specifics of the crime, the punishment, potential defenses, and why you should fight the offense. Dallas Assault by Threat Lawyer, Serving Dallas and North Texas Most of us have been there at least a time or two in our life. You get in an argument with someone when tensions suddenly escalate and something threatening comes out of somebody’s mouth. Hopefully, cooler heads prevail and nothing comes of it. However, threatening someone with physical harm is a criminal offense in Texas and a conviction could disrupt your life. If you or a loved one has been accused of assault by threat, it's important to contact an experienced Dallas assault by threat lawyer. The worst thing you can do is admit guilt to make it quickly go away - as a conviction for assault will appear on your record. Varghese Summersett has experienced criminal defense attorneys who will work to resolve the case in a manner that will keep your record clean. What is required to prove assault by threat? In order to be convicted of assault by contact, prosecutors must prove that the defendant acted “intentionally and knowingly” when they made the threat. Generally, this means the accused knew they were engaged in threatening behavior and knew it would be perceived as a threat to the other person. Under Texas law, “intentionally” and “knowingly” have specific and distinct definitions. A person acts "intentionally, or with intent, with respect to the nature of his conduct or to a result of his conduct when it is his conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result. ” A person “acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to a result of his conduct when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result. ” An experienced Dallas assault by contact lawyer will review the facts and circumstances of your case to determine whether the prosecutors will have an uphill battle trying to prove the case against you. What is the punishment for assault by threat in Dallas? Assault by threat is generally a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. Assault by Threat is typically a Class C Misdemeanor. However, if the threat was made against an elderly or disabled person, it would be a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year... > Accused of indecency with a child in Dallas or the surrounding area? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with a Dallas Indecency with a Child Lawyer. - Published: 2022-10-06 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/indecency-with-a-child/ Indecency with a child is a serious felony in Texas that can result in years in prison and lifetime sex offender registration. Under Texas Penal Code Section 21. 11, this offense involves sexual contact with or exposure to a child under 17 years old. If you or a loved one has been accused of indecency with a child in Dallas, contact an experienced Dallas indecency with a child lawyer immediately to protect your rights and future. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas criminal defense team includes former prosecutors and board-certified specialists who have secured dismissals and favorable outcomes in some of the most challenging sex crime cases. We understand what you're facing and the stakes involved. https://youtu. be/9SSyhUO61cY What Is Indecency with a Child by Contact in Texas? Indecency with a child by contact (often called fondling) occurs when a person engages in sexual contact with a child younger than 17 or causes the child to engage in sexual contact. The key element is that the contact must occur with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire. Under Section 21. 11(a)(1) of the Texas Penal Code, "sexual contact" means touching the child's anus, breast, or any part of their genitals. It also includes causing the child to touch the actor's anus, breast, or genitals. This offense includes touching over clothing and does not require penetration. What Is Indecency with a Child by Exposure in Texas? Indecency with a child by exposure occurs when a person exposes their anus or genitals while a child is present, or causes a child to expose their anus or genitals. The exposure must be done with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. Under Section 21. 11(a)(2) of the Texas Penal Code, this version of the offense is less severe than contact but still carries serious consequences including years in prison. What Is the Difference Between Indecency with a Child and Child Molestation? In Texas, "child molestation" is not a legal term, but people often use it to describe indecency with a child. When someone refers to child molestation in Texas, they are typically describing the offense defined in Section 21. 11 of the Texas Penal Code. Understanding this distinction is helpful because Texas law uses specific terminology that differs from common language or terms used in other states. Who Qualifies as a "Child" Under Texas Law? For indecency with a child charges, a "child" is any person under 17 years of age. This is the age of consent in Texas. Even if the alleged victim was close to 17, the offense remains a felony with the same potential penalties. What Are the Penalties for Indecency with a Child in Texas? The punishment for indecency with a child depends on how the offense was committed: Indecency with a child by contact is a second-degree felony punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and a fine up to $10,000. Indecency with a child by exposure is a third-degree felony punishable... > Have you or a loved one been accused of animal abuse in Dallas or North Texas ? Call 214-900-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas animal cruelty lawyer. - Published: 2022-09-30 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/animal-cruelty/ Dallas Animal Cruelty Lawyer | Animal Abuse Defense Dallas Animal Cruelty Lawyer, Serving Dallas and North Texas People are passionate about pets. So, when accusations of animal cruelty or animal abuse surface in Dallas, it’s not uncommon for the case to make headlines. But what if you’re the one who’s accused? If you find yourself in this situation, it’s essential to seek an experienced Dallas animal cruelty lawyer who is skilled at defending these highly-emotional cases and adept at media relations. At Varghese Summersett, we understand that being accused of animal cruelty is a very serious offense that could negatively impact your life and livelihood. We also know that these cases often hinge on disputed facts and highly-charged emotions. Our Dallas animal cruelty lawyers have the experience and skill to navigate these waters and fight for the best possible outcome in your case. In this article, we will explain the animal abuse offenses in Texas, possible punishments, and potential defenses. What qualifies as animal cruelty in Dallas? In Texas, it is illegal to torture, poison, abandon, or cruelly confine an animal. Two main laws in the Texas Penal Code criminalize animal cruelty – one for domestic animals and the other for livestock animals: Section 42. 092 of the Texas Penal Code, titled “Cruelty to Nonlivestock Animals,” applies to animals such as dogs, cats, and rabbits – generally animals that are kept as pets. Section 42. 09 of the Texas Penal Code, titled “Cruelty to Livestock Animals,” applies to animals such as cows, pigs, horses, goats – animals that are generally used for raising, selling, or producing food. We will discuss each offense more in depth below and specify whether the act is a felony or misdemeanor. What is considered Cruelty to Nonlivestock Animals in Dallas? In Texas, a person commits cruelty to nonlivestock animals if he or she intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly: fails to provide necessary food, water, care, or shelter to an animal in their custody (misdemeanor); seriously overworks the animal (misdemeanor). abandons an animal in their custody (misdemeanor); transports or confines an animal in a cruel way (misdemeanor); causes bodily injury to an animal without the consent of the owner (misdemeanor); causes one animal to fight with another animal (state jail felony); uses a live animal as a lure in a dog race (state jail felony); tortures an animal, or in a cruel manner kills or causes serious bodily injury to an animal; (state jail felony); poisons, kills, or causes serious bodily injury to an animal without the consent of the owner (state jail felony); What is considered Cruelty to a Livestock Animal in Dallas? In Texas, a person commits cruelty to a livestock animal if he or she intentionally or knowingly; seriously overworks a livestock animal (misdemeanor) fails to provide necessary food, water, or care for a livestock animal in their custody (misdemeanor); abandons a livestock animal in their custody (misdemeanor); transports or confines a livestock animal cruelly or unusually (misdemeanor); poisons a livestock animal without the... > Accused of family violence in Dallas or the surround area? Call our Dallas Domestic Violence Lawyer at 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. - Published: 2022-09-19 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/domestic-violence/ Dallas Domestic Violence Lawyer If you're facing domestic violence charges in Dallas, you need an experienced defense attorney who can protect your rights and fight for the best possible outcome. A conviction for family violence in Texas carries serious penalties, including jail time, fines, loss of gun rights, and a permanent criminal record that can affect your job, housing, and custody arrangements. At Varghese Summersett, our Dallas domestic assault lawyers have helped hundreds of clients beat family violence charges through dismissals, reduced charges, and jury acquittals. Call 214-903-4300 for a free consultation with aourDallas domestic assault lawyer. Domestic violence cases in Dallas often start the same way. Police respond to a 911 call about a disturbance. Maybe a couple was arguing. Maybe siblings got into a fight. Maybe a parent and adult child had a heated confrontation. Regardless of what actually happened, someone usually ends up in handcuffs. The good news? Many domestic assault cases can be won. Evidence is often limited to one person's word against another's. Witnesses may recant. Physical evidence may not support the allegations. An experienced Dallas domestic assault lawyer knows how to expose weaknesses in the prosecution's case and fight for a favorable result. Watch this video from Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese explaining how to beat a family violence charge in Texas: What Are the Different Types of Domestic Violence Charges in Dallas? Texas law recognizes several domestic violence offenses, each with different elements and punishments. The four main charges prosecutors file in Dallas County are Assault Bodily Injury against a Family Member (ABI-FM), Aggravated Domestic Assault, Continuous Family Violence, and Assault by Strangulation. Understanding which charge you face is the first step in building your defense. Who Qualifies as a Family or Household Member Under Texas Law? Texas defines "family or household member" broadly for domestic violence cases. Under Texas Family Code § 71. 001-71. 0021, this includes current and former spouses, parents of the same child (even if never married or living together), foster parents and children, current and former roommates, blood relatives, relatives by marriage or adoption, and current or former dating partners. The law covers anyone who lives or has lived in the same household, which means roommates and even former roommates can be considered household members. What Is Assault Bodily Injury Against a Family Member (ABI-FM)? Assault Bodily Injury against a Family Member is the most common domestic violence charge in Dallas. Under Texas Penal Code § 22. 01, a person commits this offense by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to a family or household member. "Bodily injury" means physical pain. There is no requirement that the alleged victim have visible injuries like bruises, cuts, or swelling. If the complainant claims they felt pain from being pushed, grabbed, or struck, that alone can support a charge. A first-offense ABI-FM is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail and a fine up to $4,000. However, if you have any prior conviction... > Facing a felony DWI in Texas? Learn every way a DWI becomes a felony under the 2025 law changes, the penalties you face, and how our felony DWI lawyers fight these charges. - Published: 2022-08-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/felony-dwi/ Felony DWI Lawyer in Texas A felony DWI charge in Texas puts your freedom, your license, and your future on the line. Unlike a misdemeanor DWI, a felony conviction can mean years in prison, a permanent felony record, and the loss of rights you may never get back. The law also changed on September 1, 2025, and there are now more ways than ever for a DWI to be charged as a felony in Texas. Our felony DWI lawyers include former prosecutors and attorneys who are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization. We defend felony DWI cases across Texas from our offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. If you or a loved one is facing a felony intoxication charge, call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation. Quick Navigation When Is a DWI a Felony in Texas? New Texas DWI Laws (Effective September 1, 2025) DWI with a Child Passenger (Penal Code 49. 045) DWI in a School Crossing Zone (Penal Code 49. 04(e)) Third DWI and Felony Repetition (Penal Code 49. 09) Intoxication Assault (Penal Code 49. 07) Intoxication Manslaughter (Penal Code 49. 08) Felony DWI Penalties Chart Consequences Beyond Prison Probation for Felony DWI How We Defend Felony DWI Cases Felony DWI FAQs When Is a DWI a Felony in Texas? Most DWI arrests in Texas are misdemeanors. A first DWI is generally a Class B misdemeanor, and even a DWI with a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 15 or higher is a Class A misdemeanor, not a felony. Under Chapter 49 of the Texas Penal Code, a DWI becomes a felony in six situations: DWI with a child passenger: a passenger younger than 15 makes any DWI a state jail felony, even a first offense. DWI in a school crossing zone: as of September 1, 2025, a DWI committed in a school crossing zone while the reduced speed limit applies is a state jail felony, even a first offense. Third DWI: two prior intoxication convictions make a new DWI a third degree felony. Prior intoxication manslaughter: a single prior intoxication manslaughter conviction makes a new DWI a third degree felony. Intoxication assault: causing serious bodily injury to another person is a third degree felony, with enhancements up to a first degree felony. Intoxication manslaughter: causing a death is a second degree felony, with enhancements up to a first degree felony. Each path to a felony has its own elements, its own punishment range, and its own defenses. We cover all of them below. New Texas DWI Laws (Effective September 1, 2025) The 89th Texas Legislature made three significant changes to DWI law that apply to offenses committed on or after September 1, 2025: School crossing zone DWI is now a felony. Senate Bill 826 added Penal Code 49. 04(e). Driving while intoxicated in a school crossing zone while the reduced speed limit applies is now a state jail felony. No injury, no child passenger, and no prior convictions are required. More... > If you or a loved one is facing BMV charges, it's important to contact an experienced Dallas burglary of a vehicle lawyer as soon as possible. 214-903-4000 - Published: 2022-07-28 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/burglary-of-a-vehicle/ Dallas Burglary of a Vehicle Lawyer | Burglary Defense Dallas Burglary of a Vehicle Lawyer, Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas Burglary of a vehicle is a common crime in Dallas, both in residential and commercial areas. Cars are regularly targeted in parking lots of restaurants, daycares, and apartments, as well as outside homes in neighborhoods. Burglary of a Motor Vehicle (BMV) is often a crime of opportunity, meaning it wasn’t planned but was carried out after a bag or computer was left in plain sight or a car door was left unlocked. Regardless of the circumstances, BMV charges can carry serious consequences. Jail time is a possibility, especially if the defendant has been convicted before of the same offense. If you or a loved one is facing BMV charges, it’s important to contact an experienced Dallas burglary of a vehicle lawyer as soon as possible. Our team has vast experience defending BMV charges with outstanding results. We will listen to the facts and circumstances of your case and work to get you the most favorable outcome possible. Keep reading to get answers to some frequently asked questions, including ways our attorneys can attack elements of a prosecution’s case. What constitutes burglary of a motor vehicle in Dallas? Under Texas Penal Code 30. 04, a person commits burglary of a motor vehicle if he or she: breaks into or enters a vehicle or any part of the vehicle with the intent to commit any felony or theft without the owner’s consent. All three elements must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt to be convicted of burglary of a motor vehicle. If a Dallas burglary of a vehicle lawyer at our firm can disprove any element, there is a good chance we can beat the charge. Below we will explain each element more thoroughly. Entry into a vehicle: Prosecutors must prove that the defendant “entered” the vehicle. Under Texas law, “enter” means to intrude any part of the body or any physical object connected with the body into the enclosed space vehicle. For example: taking something out of the bed of someone’s pickup would be considered entry, and therefore burglary of a motor vehicle, because it’s an enclosed space. taking a license plate or hubcaps off of a vehicle would not be considered entry, and therefore not BMV, because it’s not an enclosed space. That would constitute theft. It’s important to point out that use of force is not necessary to be charged with BMV. Opening an unlocked vehicle is considered entry. Intent to commit a felony or theft: Prosecutors must prove that the defendant broke into or “entered” the vehicle with the intent to commit a felony or theft. Lack of owner’s consent: Prosecutors must prove that the owner of the vehicle did not give the defendant consent to enter his or her vehicle. Can I be charged with car burglary if I didn’t actually steal anything? Yes, you can be charged with BMV in Dallas County even if you didn’t... > Charged with assault by contact? Speak to an experienced Dallas assault by contact lawyer today and find out why you should not just pay the fine. - Published: 2022-06-30 - Modified: 2025-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/assault-by-contact-lawyer/ Dallas Assault by Contact Lawyer Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas When tempers flare, it’s not uncommon for people to “get into each other’s face. ” But at what point does an altercation cross the line into a crime? In Texas, shoving someone, poking them in the chest, or spitting on them is an offense. It’s called “assault by contact” and, if not handled correctly, it can result in a criminal conviction on your record. That’s why it’s important to contact a Dallas assault by contact lawyer as soon as possible if you have been accused of this Class C assault. In this article, we will explain the crime, the punishment, possible defenses, and why you should never plead guilty and just pay the fine. What is assault by contact in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code §22. 01, a person commits assault by contact if he or she “intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other person will regard the contact as offensive or provocative. ” It’s important to note that there is no injury requirement for a person to be charged with assault by contact. In other words, the alleged victim doesn’t have to be injured or even felt pain at all. We often see this offense stem from sporting events, neighborhood disputes, domestic altercations, or bar fights. What are some examples of assault by contact in Dallas? Some examples of assault by contact could include: A woman spitting in the face of her spouse after receiving divorce papers. Neighbors getting into a shoving match during a dispute. A spectator poking a referee in the chest after a bad call during a basketball game. A CEO grabbing the collar of a business partner during an argument. A bar patron spitting on another customer after a verbal altercation. A baseball coach pushing a rowdy player down on the bench. Cursing and knocking a drink out of a stranger’s hand during an altercation at a sporting event. What is the punishment for assault by contact in Dallas? In most cases, assault by contact is a Class C misdemeanor in Dallas, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. However, the punishment can be enhanced if: the victim is elderly or disabled. In this case, assault by contact would be a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. the offense is committed by a non-sports participant against a person participating in a sports event or in retaliation for the participant’s performance or duty as a sports participant. In this case, assault by contact would be a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine. Class C Misdemeanor Texas What defenses could a Dallas assault by contact lawyer raise? Although a number of defenses could potentially be raised, one of the most common defenses in a Class C assault case is self-defense. Texas recognizes your right to defend... > Accusing of fleeing from police? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas evading arrest lawyer. - Published: 2022-06-28 - Modified: 2024-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/evading-arrest/ Dallas Evading Arrest Lawyer | Fleeing Police Dallas Evading Arrest Lawyer, Serving Dallas, and Surrounding Areas If you have been accused of evading arrest in Dallas or the surrounding area, you need to speak with an experienced criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible. There are legitimate reasons why people don't stop for police, including mistakes or misunderstandings. In other instances, people may have outstanding warrants for nonviolent offenses and are afraid of going to jail. Regardless of the reason that got you here, you need an attorney who can help get you back on track and back to your life. In this blog post, our Dallas evading arrest lawyer will explain the crime and consequences of fleeing police, as well as possible defense strategies. What is evading arrest and detention in Dallas? Evading arrest can be committed on foot, in a vehicle, on a boat - or even on horseback. The crime of evading arrest or detention is defined in Section 38. 04 of the Texas Penal Code and is pretty straightforward. A person commits this offense if he or she: "intentionally flees from a person he knows is a peace officer or federal special investigator attempting lawfully to arrest or detain him. " Evading arrest is generally charged one of two ways: evading arrest on foot, and evading arrest in a vehicle. It is important to note that the law does not require that the person actually be arrested; it is enough that the police officer was attempting to make an arrest. What are the possible penalties for evading arrest in Dallas? Although the definition of evading arrest is straightforward, the punishment can get confusing. What penalty you face depends on the facts and circumstances of the offense, whether it was on foot or in a vehicle, whether anyone was injured, and if you have priors. We will give an overview below, but to find out the specific punishment range for your case, it's imperative to contact a Dallas evading arrest lawyer. Evading arrest on foot in Dallas County A first offense for evading arrest on foot is a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4000 fine. Evading arrest on foot with a previous conviction is a state jail felony punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. Class A Misdemeanors in Texas Evading arrest in a vehicle or boat in Dallas County If you are accused of fleeing police in a vehicle or boat, the penalties become more serious than evading on foot. A first offense for evading in a vehicle or watercraft is a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state jail and a maximum $10,000 fine. Evading arrest in a vehicle or watercraft with a prior conviction is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10000 fine. Evading arrest in a vehicle or watercraft in... > Are you or a loved one facing federal charges in North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas federal criminal defense lawyer. - Published: 2022-06-07 - Modified: 2024-04-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal-criminal-defense/ Dallas Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer | Fighting Federal Charges Dallas Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Serving the Northern and Eastern Districts of Texas If you or your loved one is facing federal charges in North Texas, now is not the time to cut corners. The single most important thing you can do is hire a seasoned Dallas federal criminal defense attorney who has substantial experience handling federal cases in Texas. Federal cases are much different than state cases. For starters, the cases are usually much more complex and move through the justice system incredibly fast. Federal courtroom rules and procedures are also very different and will require the expertise of a skilled and strategic federal criminal defense lawyer. Not to mention, the stakes are much higher in federal court. If you are convicted, you could be facing years, or even decades, in prison without the possibility of parole. That's why you can't leave anything to chance. The Dallas federal criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett know how to navigate every stage of the federal court process and will aggressively fight to protect your rights and freedom. In this blog post, we will offer an overview of the federal criminal process and what you can expect if you are facing federal charges in the Northern and Eastern Districts of Texas. Please be sure to watch the videos by Dallas federal criminal defense lawyer Benson Varghese. What is a federal crime? A federal crime is defined as any violation of a federal statute - which are the laws passed by the U. S. Congress. Some of the most common federal crimes our Dallas criminal defense lawyers handle involve drug trafficking, white-collar crimes, computer crimes, and weapons charges including but not limited to: Drug conspiracy Healthcare fraud Child pornography Money laundering Pill mills RICO violations Ponzi schemes Embezzlement Tax evasion Federal crimes are investigated by federal law enforcement agencies including the FBI, DEA, and DHS. If you are under investigation or have been charged with a federal crime, it is important to understand that you are up against the full weight and resources of the federal government. That is why it is critical that you have an experienced Dallas federal criminal defense lawyer on your side who knows how to level the playing field and protect your rights. How do you know if you are under federal investigation? If you are under federal investigation, one of the following will happen: You will receive a target letter from a federal prosecutor notifying you that you are the target of an investigation and that the government has obtained evidence against you. You will get arrested on a complaint, meaning a federal judge signed a warrant for your arrest. This is pre-indictment. You will be indicted by a federal grand jury and then arrested, which means the prosecutor has already taken the case to a grand jury and locked in the charges against you. If you are under investigation or have been charged with a federal crime,... > Facing an aggravated assault charge in Dallas County? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas aggravated assault lawyer. - Published: 2022-06-04 - Modified: 2026-03-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/aggravated-assault/ Aggravated assault is a second-degree felony in Texas that carries 2 to 20 years in prison, even for a first offense. If you or someone you love is facing this charge in Dallas, you need a criminal defense lawyer who knows how to fight it. The Dallas criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have the experience and track record to protect your future. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 02, you can be charged with aggravated assault even if no one is physically injured. Simply pointing a gun, knife, or other deadly weapon at someone while making a threat is enough. That means the stakes are high from the moment you are arrested. At Varghese Summersett, our team of more than 70 attorneys and legal professionals includes Board Certified criminal law specialists, former prosecutors, and trial lawyers who have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. We have four offices across Texas, including Dallas, and we know the Dallas County courts inside and out. When your freedom is on the line, that experience matters. You've Seen Us On What Is Aggravated Assault Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code Section 22. 02 defines aggravated assault in two ways. A person commits this offense by: 1. Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing serious bodily injury to another person, or 2. Using or exhibiting a deadly weapon during the commission of any assault, including threatening someone with bodily injury or engaging in conduct the victim would likely find offensive. The second definition is what most people know as "aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. " The key point is that no one has to be hurt for you to face this charge. Brandishing a weapon while making a threat is enough to be arrested and charged with a second-degree felony. What Are the Legal Elements the State Must Prove? To convict you of aggravated assault in Dallas, the prosecution must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. This is the highest standard of proof in the legal system, and the burden falls entirely on the State. You do not have to prove your innocence. For aggravated assault causing serious bodily injury, the State must prove that you (1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly (2) caused serious bodily injury (3) to another person. For aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, the State must prove that you (1) committed an assault (by causing bodily injury, threatening bodily injury, or engaging in offensive contact) and (2) used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of that assault. A skilled defense attorney challenges these elements individually. If the State cannot prove even one element, you cannot be convicted. For example, the defense may argue that the weapon does not meet the legal definition of "deadly," that the injury was not "serious bodily injury," or that you did not act intentionally. What Is Considered a Deadly Weapon in Texas? Texas law defines a deadly weapon broadly. It includes any firearm and anything that, in... > Whether the consultation on your criminal case is over the phone or in person, it will always be with an attorney and the consultation will always be free. - Published: 2022-05-19 - Modified: 2026-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/contact-us/ Contact Us - Varghese Summersett Skip to content Home Contact Contact Contact Varghese Summersett From your first call, you will see how we are different. Tell us what you are facing, and we will help you find the right path. Reach us by phone or schedule a consultation below. Call (817) 203-2220 → Schedule a Consultation → Get Started Schedule a Consultation Choose the type of matter that fits your situation, then pick a time that works for you. Criminal Defense Family Law Personal Injury Loading scheduler… Loading scheduler… Loading scheduler… Prefer to Write Drop Us a Line Texas Offices Find the Office Nearest You Four Texas offices. Tap an office to see the map, photos, and parking directions. Fort WorthHeadquarters (817) 203-2220 Varghese Summersett, Fort Worth One City Place Building 300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700 Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Fax: 817-900-9129 Video: How to get to the Fort Worth office and where to park DallasRoss Avenue (214) 903-4000 Varghese Summersett, Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950 Dallas, Texas 75201 Video: How to get to the Dallas office SouthlakeKirkwood Oaks (817) 415-1575 Varghese Summersett, Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center 3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110 Southlake, Texas 76092 Video: How to get to the Southlake office HoustonBriarpark Drive (281) 805-2220 Varghese Summersett, Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850 Houston, Texas 77042 Three Divisions One Firm. Three Divisions. Personal Injury Trial lawyers who take on insurance companies and large corporations to win compensation for the injured and the families of those wrongfully killed. Personal Injury → Family Law Compassionate, skilled representation in divorce, child custody, and high-asset property division, from mediation through trial. Family Law → Criminal Defense Former prosecutors and board-certified attorneys defending everything from DWI to the most serious felonies in state and federal court. Criminal Defense → Get Started Your Fight Is Ours Learn more about our attorneys, or call now to talk through your situation. Call (817) 203-2220 → Varghese Summersett TEAM | ARTICLES | PI | CRIMINAL | FAMILY | SITE Sitemap Privacy Policy Disclaimer DBA Call Us Fort Worth Varghese Summersett – Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas, 76102 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Varghese Summersett – Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas Varghese Summersett – Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Houston Varghese Summersett Houston 2925 Briarpark Drive, Suite 850Houston, TX 77042 (281) 805-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile Fort Bend Personal Injury Criminal Juvenile EnglishEspañol Varghese Summersett Our Offices Fort Worth One City Place Building300 Throckmorton Street, Suite 700Fort Worth, Texas 76102 Call 817-203-2220 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Southlake Kirkwood Oaks Business Center3120 Sabre Drive, Suite 110Southlake, Texas 76092 Call 817-415-1575 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce Dallas 2100 Ross Avenue, Suite 950Dallas, Texas 75201 Call 214-903-4000 Directions Learn More Personal Injury Criminal Divorce... > Facing a charge of breaking and entering? Call today for a free consultation with a skilled Dallas burglary of habitation lawyer. - Published: 2022-04-11 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/burglary-of-habitation/ Dallas Burglary of Habitation Lawyer Dallas Burglary of Habitation Lawyer, Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas Did you know you can be charged with burglary of habitation in Dallas without ever stepping foot inside someone's home? Just reaching your hand into a window, kicking open a door, or entering someone's garage could be enough to warrant a felony charge - as long as prosecutors can prove intent. In this article, we are going to explain the crime and consequences of breaking and entering in Dallas, and how our team defends burglary charges. If you or a loved one is facing burglary charges, it's imperative to contact an experienced Dallas burglary of a habitation lawyer as soon as possible. Prosecutors take these charges very seriously and will work hard to secure a conviction for unlawfully entering someone's home or business. You will need an aggressive defense attorney who knows the nuances of the law and how to fight burglary charges. What constitutes burglary of habitation or building in Texas? Burglary laws are actually very broad in Texas and cover a wide array of conduct. Under Texas Penal Code 30. 02, a person commits burglary if he or she, without the effective consent of the owner: enters a habitation or a building (or any portion of a building) not open to the public with the intent to commit a felony, theft or assault; or remains concealed, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault, in a building or habitation; or enters a building or habitation and commits or attempts to commit a felony, theft or assault. Let's break down this definition a little more and point out some key takeaways. Notice that nothing has to be taken to be charged with burglary. If you enter a habitation or building with the intent to commit a felony, theft or assault, that is sufficient to be charged with burglary. So, for example, if you enter a garage with the intent to steal tools but run away when you hear something, you can still be charged with burglary of a habitation. It is possible to be charged with burglary without setting foot inside a habitation or building. Under Texas law, "enter" means to intrude any part of the body or any physical object connected to your body. This means if you reach your arm through a window or use a crow bar to push open a door, you can be charged with burglary. You can also be charged with burglary if you hide in a room of a house or business with the intent to take property after everyone leaves. Even if nothing is taken, you could be charged with burglary. So, for example, if the owner of restaurant lets you in and then you hide in the bathroom until everyone is gone with the intent to steal something, you could be charged with burglary of a building. Notice that the definition refers to burglary of a habitation and burglary of a building. They... > Being accused of a child sex crime crimes is extremely serious. Call for a free consultation with a Dallas child sex abuse defense lawyer. 817-972-7000. - Published: 2022-03-01 - Modified: 2024-05-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal-defense-attorney-dallas/child-sex-abuse-defense/ Dallas Child Sex Abuse Defense Lawyer Dallas Child Sex Abuse Defense Lawyers Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas Being accused of a child sex crime is extremely serious. In fact, these cases are punished more harshly than any other offense in Texas - other than capital murder. There’s no way to sugarcoat it. If you have been arrested or charged in connection with a child sex crime, you are facing jail time, fines, and sex offender registration. That’s why it’s imperative to contact an experienced Dallas child abuse defense lawyer as soon as possible. The stakes are too high to leave anything to chance. Your life and livelihood are on the line. In this article, our Dallas child abuse defense lawyers are going to go over some of the most common child sex abuse crimes in Texas, as well as their potential consequences and possible defenses. Be sure to watch the videos, which contain important information that you will hopefully find relevant and useful. What is the punishment for child sex abuse convictions in Dallas? The range of punishment for child sex abuse depends on the offense. It can range from a third-degree felony, which is punished by up to 10 years in prison, to a first-degree felony, which carries a punishment of life in prison. The most serious child sex abuse charge is called Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child and it carries a minimum sentence of 25 years in prison. If you are accused of being a repeat child sex offender, you could face an automatic life sentence. Not to mention, most sex abuse cases require lifetime registration as a sex offender. How does Texas law define sexual assault of a child? In Texas, a person commits sexual assault of a child if he or she intentionally or knowingly: causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means; causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor; causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the month, anus or sexual organ of another person; including the actor; causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus or sexual organ or another person, including the actor; causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor. What are common child sex abuse charges in Texas? There are a number of child sex abuse or molestation charges in Texas, all of which carry severe consequences. Here’s a look at common charges and their punishments. Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child Continuous sexual assault of a child is the most serious sex offense for which a person can be charged in the state of Texas. The only offense that is more serious is capital murder, which is punishable the death penalty. In the simplest terms, Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child occurs when a person sexually abuses a child or children under at 14 and... > Our Dallas Drug Possession Lawyer defends possession of controlled substances cases. Call today for a free consultation with our drug possession lawyer today. - Published: 2022-01-26 - Modified: 2026-01-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-drug-possession-lawyer/ Dallas Drug Possession Lawyer: Fighting Charges in Dallas County A Dallas drug lawyer can fight to get your charges reduced or dismissed, protect you from jail time, and keep a felony off your record. Drug cases in Dallas County are often won by challenging how police obtained evidence, whether you actually knew drugs were present, or whether the substance even qualifies as illegal under Texas law. Our attorneys have secured dismissals, reduced charges, or probation in the majority of our drug cases across North Texas. Drug charges in Texas range from minor misdemeanors to first-degree felonies carrying life sentences. The punishment depends on the type of drug and amount involved. If you're facing drug charges in Dallas, the decisions you make now will affect the rest of your life. Contact our team at 214-903-4000 for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas drug crime lawyer. What Are the Most Common Drug Charges in Dallas? The two most common drug offenses in Dallas are possession of a controlled substance and manufacture or delivery of a controlled substance. These charges can stem from street drugs like cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin, or from prescription medications like Xanax, hydrocodone, and Adderall when possessed without a valid prescription. Under Chapter 481 of the Texas Health and Safety Code (the Texas Controlled Substances Act), a person commits possession if they knowingly possess any substance listed in Texas's drug penalty groups without a valid prescription. Manufacture or delivery charges apply when someone makes, sells, or intends to sell controlled substances. What Is a Controlled Substance Under Texas Law? A controlled substance includes any drug listed in Schedules I through V or Penalty Groups 1, 1-A, 1-B, 2, 2-A, 3, or 4. Texas law also covers adulterants (substances added to dilute drugs), dilutants, and analogs. Analogs are chemically similar substances designed to produce effects similar to or greater than a controlled substance. This means you can face drug charges even for substances not specifically named in the statute if they're chemically similar to listed drugs. This is how Texas prosecutes new designer drugs and synthetic compounds. Watch: What You Need to Know About Drug Charges in Texas https://youtu. be/17AosTZkGFo How Does Texas Classify Drugs by Penalty Group? Texas divides controlled substances into penalty groups based on their danger level and potential for abuse. Penalty Group 1 contains the most dangerous drugs and carries the harshest punishments, including potential life sentences. Marijuana falls into its own category with lighter penalties. What drugs are in Penalty Group 1? These drugs are considered the most dangerous and addictive with no accepted medical use. Penalty Group 1 includes cocaine, crack, heroin, methamphetamine, ketamine (Special K), opiates and opium derivatives, GHB, and hydrocodone over 300 grams. What drugs are in Penalty Group 1-A? LSD (acid) is the only substance in Penalty Group 1-A. It's classified separately because it's sold by dose rather than weight like most other drugs. What drugs are in Penalty Group 1-B? Fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances make up Penalty Group... > Assault charges can be very serious and negatively impact your future. Call for a free consultation with an experienced Dallas assault lawyer today. - Published: 2022-01-26 - Modified: 2026-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas-criminal-defense-attorney/assault/ Dallas Assault Lawyer: Aggressive Defense When Your Future Is at Stake A Dallas assault lawyer defends people charged with assault by challenging evidence, negotiating with prosecutors, and fighting for dismissals or reduced charges. At Varghese Summersett, we've secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions in criminal cases across North Texas. If you're facing assault charges in Dallas County, your case deserves this level of experience. Most assault cases share two things in common: anger and regret. Once things calm down and cooler heads prevail, most people wish they could turn back time. Unfortunately, neither life nor the law works that way. Even if the alleged victim doesn't want to press charges, Dallas prosecutors commonly push forward. It takes an unwavering defense lawyer to push back hard enough to get the right result. Assault charges can follow you for the rest of your life. A conviction can prevent you from getting jobs, obtaining loans, or possessing firearms. That's why you need to contact an experienced Dallas assault lawyer immediately after your arrest to understand what to expect and how to protect your future. What Constitutes Assault Under Texas Law? Assault encompasses a wide range of conduct under Texas Penal Code Chapter 22. The offense can be as simple as threatening to beat someone up or as serious as sending someone to the hospital with grave injuries. The severity of your charge depends on three factors: your mental state at the time, the extent of injury (or threat of injury), and characteristics of the alleged victim such as their age, health, or occupation. Assault Charges and Penalties in Dallas Offense Level Penal Code Section Punishment Assault by Threat Class C Misdemeanor § 22. 01(a)(2) Up to $500 fine Assault by Contact Class C Misdemeanor § 22. 01(a)(3) Up to $500 fine Assault Bodily Injury (ABI) Class A Misdemeanor § 22. 01(a)(1) Up to 1 year in jail and $4,000 fine Assault Bodily Injury Against Family Member Class A Misdemeanor § 22. 01(a)(1) Up to 1 year in jail and $4,000 fine Aggravated Assault Second Degree Felony § 22. 02(a) 2 to 20 years in prison and up to $10,000 fine Aggravated Assault (Enhanced) First Degree Felony § 22. 02(b) Up to life in prison and $10,000 fine Aggravated Assault Against Family Member Second Degree Felony § 22. 02(a) Up to 20 years in prison and $10,000 fine Aggravated Assault Against Family Member (with deadly weapon) First Degree Felony § 22. 02(b)(1) 5 years to life in prison and $10,000 fine Continuous Family Violence Third Degree Felony § 25. 11 2 to 10 years in prison and $10,000 fine Assault by Strangulation (Family Member) Third Degree Felony § 22. 01(b)(2)(B) 2 to 10 years in prison and $10,000 fine Assault by Strangulation (Second Offense) Second Degree Felony § 22. 01(b-3) 2 to 20 years in prison and $10,000 fine Injury to Elderly/Disabled Person State Jail to First Degree Felony § 22. 04 Varies based on intent and injury Assault on Public... > Police must obtain a search warrant to draw blood during a DWI in Fort Worth without consent. Schedule a free consultation. Get info on suppressing warrants. - Published: 2014-11-26 - Modified: 2024-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-worth-dwi-lawyer/blood-search-warrant/ Blood Draw Search Warrants in Fort Worth Just hours ago, the Court of Criminal Appeals in Texas determined that police officers must obtain a search warrant to draw blood from suspected intoxicated drivers if the suspect does not consent to provide a specimen voluntarily. In State v. Villarreal, the Court of Criminal Appeals was presented with the issue of whether officers could perform nonconsensual blood draws pursuant to 1) implied consent or 2) mandatory blood-draw provisions under state law without first obtaining a warrant. In the 5-4 decision, the Court decided that officers must first obtain a warrant. If you are looking to understand the nuances of blood draw search warrants in Fort Worth and how they might impact your case, consult an experienced DWI attorney for assistance. What is Implied Consent? Implied consent in Texas is the idea that individuals have given their implied consent to provide a sample of breath or blood to a police officer who has reason to believe the person is intoxicated. In Texas, if you refuse to provide a sample of breath or blood voluntarily, your driver license will be suspended for 180 days for refusing to provide that sample of breath or blood. Additionally, evidence of your unwillingness to provide a sample of breath or blood may be admissible in a trial against you. Mandatory blood draws Statutory blood draws, on the other hand, are situations where the legislature had allowed officers to draw blood without consent. One such situation is where an officer has reliable information from a credible source that the suspect has been convicted of DWI on two or more occasions in the past. Another instance where the legislature in Texas allowed for mandatory blood draws was in situations where the suspected intoxicated individual caused injury or death of another. If officers want your blood after you refuse to provide a sample of breath or blood, they must obtain a warrant to get your blood. The Court made clear that an officer cannot obtain blood without either consent or a warrant. In 2013, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Missouri v. McNeely that without evidence of an exigent circumstance, officers cannot perform nonconsensual blood draws without a warrant and that the fear of dissipation of alcohol alone is not enough to show an exigent circumstance. Some prosecutors in Texas, however, did not believe that McNeely barred warrantless nonconsensual blood draws because McNeely only addressed blood draws in light of the exigency created by the dissipation of alcohol and did not specifically prohibit warrantless nonconsensual blood draws that were authorized by a state’s “carefully tailored implied consent” laws. The Court of Criminal Appeals explicitly rejected the following arguments that: a suspect’s implied consent is enough to overcome the requirement for a warrant; there is a lesser expectation in the privacy of one’s blood when the person is driving; and the minimal intrusion of a blood draw is outweighed by the need to protect the public’s interest in having safe roadways.... ## Posts > Hit by a city, county, or state vehicle in Texas? The Texas Tort Claims Act caps your damages and gives you as little as 90 days to act. Learn what's at stake. - Published: 2026-07-09 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/hit-by-a-government-vehicle-in-texas/ If a city truck, county vehicle, state trooper, or TxDOT crew hit you, this is not a normal insurance claim. Texas law shields governmental entities from most lawsuits, and the Texas Tort Claims Act only pokes a narrow hole in that shield for vehicle wrecks. That hole comes with strict rules: damage caps that limit what you can recover, and a notice deadline that can be as short as 90 days, far shorter than the two years you may be used to for an ordinary car wreck. Miss a step, and the claim can die quietly, long before anyone files a lawsuit. An attorney who regularly works with the Texas Tort Claims Act can identify which cap applies to your case, meet the notice deadline, and find every available source of recovery. Why a Wreck With a Government Vehicle Doesn't Work Like a Normal Claim You did everything right after your wreck. You called the police, got checked out, and figured you would deal with the other driver's insurance company the way you always have. Then you found out the other driver was a city employee, a county road crew worker, or a state trooper, and suddenly the rules changed on you. That confusion is normal. Texas cities, counties, and state agencies are generally immune from lawsuits. It is called sovereign immunity when it applies to the state, and governmental immunity when it applies to cities, counties, school districts, and other political subdivisions. The Texas Tort Claims Act, found in Chapter 101 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code, carves out specific, narrow exceptions to that immunity. One of the biggest exceptions covers exactly what happened to you: an injury caused by the operation of a government-owned motor vehicle. That exception is why you have a claim at all. But it comes bundled with limits and deadlines that do not exist in a typical car accident case, and they can catch an injured person off guard at the worst possible time. At Varghese Summersett, our Personal Injury Division is led by Ty Stimpson, who built his practice representing people hurt in car wrecks, 18-wheeler crashes, and other vehicle collisions. Partner Damian Williams, based in our Dallas office, handles catastrophic injury and wrongful death cases and has secured multiple seven-figure verdicts and settlements in Texas. Past results do not guarantee future outcomes, but they reflect the caliber of trial experience our team brings to a claim. Senior Counsel Katie Steele has also represented insurance companies from the defense side, so she understands how an adjuster is trained to evaluate and minimize a claim like yours. Firm founder Benson Varghese worked as an insurance adjuster before law school, insight that shapes how our Personal Injury Division approaches every claim against an insured or self-insured defendant, including a governmental entity. Across the firm's four Texas offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston, our attorneys bring decades of combined trial and negotiation experience to personal injury matters. You've Seen Us On Talk to... > Texas's Court of Criminal Appeals held the Confrontation Clause doesn't apply to adjudication hearings. What Montgomery v. State means for defense strategy and client admonishments. - Published: 2026-07-06 - Modified: 2026-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/montgomery-v-state/ Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, Nos. PD-0581-22 & PD-0582-22 (July 2, 2026) On July 2, 2026, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals answered a question that has quietly shadowed thousands of deferred adjudication cases: does the Sixth Amendment’s Confrontation Clause apply when the State moves to adjudicate a defendant’s guilt and revoke community supervision? In Montgomery v. State, a divided court said no. Because a motion to enter an adjudication of guilt is not a “criminal prosecution” within the meaning of the Sixth Amendment, the confrontation right—and with it the Crawford rule barring testimonial hearsay—simply does not attach at that hearing. The practical stakes are large. It means the State can proceed to adjudicate and revoke using evidence that would be inadmissible at a trial, and it can do so by video, over a defendant’s objection. Below I walk through what the court decided, the reasoning of the majority and the Keel concurrence, what protections survive, how this should change the way defense lawyers admonish clients before they accept deferred adjudication, and whether the U. S. Supreme Court would likely reach the same result. What Happened in Montgomery Beecher Montgomery was indicted in Tarrant County for theft from a person and evading arrest with a vehicle in two separate cause numbers. He pleaded guilty to both, signed a judicial confession as part of his plea admonishments, and asked the court to place him on community supervision. On June 30, 2020, the trial court placed him on deferred adjudication for ten years on both cases. As part of the plea bargain, the State agreed not to pursue a habitual-offender enhancement. Within weeks, things unraveled. In August 2020, after Montgomery was arrested for several new offenses, the State filed a Petition to Proceed to Adjudication. In October, the State amended the petition to add allegations that he had violated a protective order and admitted using illegal drugs. Montgomery filed a written objection to conducting the hearing virtually, invoking equal protection and due process. At the January 6, 2021 Zoom hearing he re-urged that objection and added that the virtual setup burdened attorney-client communication and denied him the right to be present to confront witnesses. He even pointed out the State’s inconsistency—elsewhere it had insisted on an in-person murder trial to protect confrontation rights, yet here it wanted him adjudicated by video over his objection. The trial court overruled the objection, granted a running objection, and after the hearing found all but one of the State’s allegations true. It adjudicated Montgomery guilty of both offenses and revoked his community supervision. The Second Court of Appeals in Fort Worth affirmed, holding both that the virtual hearing did not violate due process and that the Confrontation Clause does not apply to a revocation proceeding because it is not a stage of a criminal prosecution. The Court of Criminal Appeals granted review on the Confrontation Clause question only. The Question Presented The Sixth Amendment guarantees that “in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the... - Published: 2026-07-03 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/license-to-carry-texas-2/ In short: Texas has not required a license to carry a handgun since September 2021, but the License to Carry (LTC) is far from obsolete. It lets you carry in about 35 other states, speeds up gun purchases, is the only path to lawful carry for most adults under 21, and gives you clearer legal footing in places where unlicensed carry gets complicated. It costs $40, takes a four to six hour class, and a criminal charge can take it away. Does Texas Still Require a License to Carry a Handgun? No. Since House Bill 1927 took effect on September 1, 2021, most Texans 21 and older who are not otherwise prohibited from possessing a firearm can carry a handgun in public without a license. This is usually called constitutional carry or permitless carry. That change did not eliminate the License to Carry program. The Texas Department of Public Safety still issues LTCs under Government Code Chapter 411, Subchapter H, and hundreds of thousands of Texans keep theirs current. There are good reasons for that. Why Get an LTC If You Can Carry Without One? Carry in other states. Permitless carry ends at the state line. A Texas LTC is recognized in roughly 35 other states through reciprocity agreements. If you ever carry while traveling, the license does the work your Texas residency cannot. You are under 21. Permitless carry applies only at 21 and up. After a federal court struck down the age restriction in Firearms Policy Coalition v. McCraw, DPS began issuing LTCs to eligible adults aged 18 to 20. For that group, the LTC is the only lawful way to carry a handgun in public. Faster gun purchases. An LTC serves as an alternative to the point-of-sale NICS background check when you buy a firearm from a dealer. No waiting on a delayed check. Fewer places are off limits. A business can exclude unlicensed carriers with a generic no-firearms sign under Penal Code Section 30. 05. Excluding an LTC holder requires the specific 30. 06 (concealed) or 30. 07 (open) signage. In practice, license holders can lawfully carry in more places. Campus carry. Carrying a concealed handgun on a public university campus is lawful only for LTC holders. Cleaner police encounters. Presenting an LTC during a traffic stop answers most of an officer's questions before they are asked. Unlicensed carriers depend on the officer's on-the-spot read of Penal Code Section 46. 02, and mistakes get people arrested. If that happens, our page on unlawful carry of a weapon in Texas explains what you are facing. Who Qualifies for a Texas LTC? You can apply if you are: 21 or older, or 18 to 20 (following the McCraw ruling, DPS no longer denies applications solely based on age for this group), or 18 or older and an active-duty member of the military or an honorably discharged veteran, and legally present in Texas or an eligible out-of-state resident, and not disqualified under state or federal law. What Disqualifies You... > Injured by Uber or Lyft driver in Texas? The coverage period at the time of your crash determines how much insurance is available — up to $1 million. - Published: 2026-06-29 - Modified: 2026-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-uber-lyft-driver-coverage-periods/ You were hit by an Uber or Lyft driver. The crash happened, you're hurt, and now you're learning that figuring out who pays is more complicated than a standard car accident. The driver has personal insurance. Uber or Lyft has insurance. Your own policy may be involved. And which coverage applies depends entirely on what the driver was doing on the app at the exact moment of impact. This is the coverage period framework, and it controls your case. How Uber and Lyft Structure Their Insurance: The Three Periods Texas Transportation Code Chapter 2402 governs Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) like Uber and Lyft. Under Tex. Transp. Code § 2402. 061, the law requires TNCs to maintain specified minimum insurance coverage that varies based on a driver’s activity status on the platform. That activity falls into three distinct periods, each with its own coverage rules. There is also a Period 0, which exists before any TNC coverage applies at all. Period 0: The App Is Off When the driver's rideshare app is completely off, Uber and Lyft have no involvement in the crash. The driver is just another motorist on the road, and only their personal auto insurance applies. This matters because most personal auto policies exclude commercial activity, but if the app is off, that exclusion is irrelevant — the driver was not doing anything commercial at that moment. The problem with Period 0 cases is that personal auto coverage is often thin. Texas requires minimum liability limits of only $30,000 per person and $60,000 per accident. Many drivers carry no more than state minimum. If your damages exceed the driver's personal policy, you will need to look to your own underinsured motorist (UIM) coverage. Period 0 cases can still involve disputes about whether the app was actually on. Uber and Lyft both maintain timestamped app activity records. Obtaining those records through litigation discovery or a preservation demand is essential early in the case. Period 1: App On, No Ride Accepted The driver has logged into the app, is available for rides, but has not yet accepted a trip request. Under Tex. Transp. Code § 2402. 061(a), TNCs must provide contingent liability coverage during Period 1 of at least $50,000 per person for bodily injury, $100,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $25,000 for property damage. This coverage is contingent, meaning it only applies if the driver's personal auto policy does not cover the loss or is insufficient. In practice, most personal auto policies exclude commercial driving, so the TNC coverage often functions as the practical source of recovery, even though it is structured as contingent coverage. Period 1 is where Uber and Lyft fight hardest. They argue that a driver waiting for a ping is essentially off-duty, and they look for any reason to push the classification down to Period 0. App logs and GPS data, obtained early, are the evidence that keeps the case in Period 1. Period 2: En Route to Pick Up the Passenger The moment... - Published: 2026-06-29 - Modified: 2026-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/chatrie-v-united-states/ In Chatrie v. United States, a divided Supreme Court held that police conduct a Fourth Amendment "search" when they obtain a person's cell-phone location data from Google through a geofence warrant. Writing for a five-Justice majority, Justice Kagan concluded that "an individual has a reasonable expectation of privacy in his cell-phone location information," and that this protection holds even when the data covers only a short time window and even when it is handed over by a third-party technology company. The ruling is a direct descendant of Carpenter v. United States (2018), and the majority leaned on that precedent so heavily that even the dissent accused it of "rely primarily" on Carpenter rather than older doctrine - a charge the majority answered by pleading "guilty as charged. " But the decision did not end the case. The Court resolved only whether a search occurred, leaving the separate question of whether the unusual multi-step warrant was reasonable — that is, whether it satisfied the Fourth Amendment's probable-cause and particularity requirements — for the Fourth Circuit to address on remand. Before getting into the opinion itself, it's worth understanding the technology at the center of the case and, for anyone facing charges, how to tell whether one of these warrants was used against you. What Is a Geofence Warrant? What a geofence warrant actually is A geofence warrant is a court order that works backward from a crime to a suspect. Instead of naming a person and asking for their data, police draw a virtual perimeter — the "geofence" — around a location, pick a window of time, and compel a company (almost always Google) to hand over data on every device that was inside that box during that window. Because it starts with a place and time rather than a named target, it's often called a "reverse" warrant. The whole point is to identify an unknown suspect. As one court put it, the goal is to find out "who was there and so who might have done it. " Geofence requests typically run through a three-step funnel: an anonymized list of all devices, then expanded movement data for a narrowed subset, then real names and account details for the final few. (That exact process is described in detail in the case summary below. ) Drawing the Digital Line on Geofence Warrants https://versustexas. com/wp-content/uploads/Drawing_the_Digital_Line. mp4 How that differs from "regular" cell-phone location data This is the distinction that confuses most people, so here it is side by side. Targeted location data (the "ordinary" kind) Geofence warrant (the "reverse" kind) Starting point A known person or phone — police already have a suspect A place and time — police have no suspect yet The question asked "Where did this phone go? " "Whose phones were here? " Who gets swept in Just the target Everyone in the area — suspects, witnesses, and unrelated bystanders alike Typical source Cell-site location info (CSLI) from a wireless carrier (AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile), or a phone's own GPS... > Probable cause in Texas explained in plain English: what it means, how it differs from reasonable suspicion, and what happens when police lack it. - Published: 2026-06-28 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/probable-cause-explained/ If a police officer arrested you, searched your car, or got a warrant for your home, one phrase decides whether that was legal: probable cause. It is one of the most important protections you have, and it is also one of the most misunderstood. Here is what probable cause actually means in Texas, where it comes from, when it applies, and what happens when the police get it wrong. What probable cause means in plain terms Probable cause means the police have enough facts to reasonably believe that a crime has been committed and that you are connected to it, or that evidence of a crime will be found in the place they want to search. It is a common-sense standard based on real facts and circumstances, not a hunch, a guess, or a gut feeling. The key word is reasonable. Courts do not ask what the officer personally believed. They ask whether the facts the officer knew at the time would lead a reasonable officer to the same conclusion. Judges weigh the whole picture together, which courts call the totality of the circumstances. There is no checklist or magic number of facts. It is a practical judgment about whether everything known, taken together, adds up to a fair probability of criminal activity. Where probable cause comes from The requirement has two sources that work together in Texas. The Fourth Amendment protects everyone in the country against unreasonable searches and seizures and says no warrant can be issued without probable cause. The Texas Constitution provides its own protection against unreasonable searches and seizures under Article I, Section 9. On top of those constitutional protections, the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure sets out detailed rules that officers must follow. In many situations, Texas statutes require a warrant unless a specific exception applies. So in practice, Texas officers generally need either a valid warrant supported by probable cause, or a specific statute that authorizes a warrantless arrest or search. This statutory layer is what makes Texas different, and it is often where cases are won or lost. Probable cause is a lower bar than guilt A lot of people assume probable cause means the police were sure you did it. That is not the case. Probable cause is well below the standard needed to convict you. To find you guilty at trial, the State must prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Probable cause requires far less. It does not even require the police to show it is more likely than not that you committed a crime. It only requires a fair probability, based on the facts, that criminal activity occurred or that evidence will be found. That is why someone can be lawfully arrested and still be acquitted, or never charged at all. Probable cause vs. reasonable suspicion These two terms get confused constantly, but they are not the same, and the difference matters in almost every case that starts with a traffic stop. Standard What it allows police to do... > Everything Texas couples need to know about prenuptial agreements — what they can cover, what they can't, and how to draft one that holds up in court. - Published: 2026-06-22 - Modified: 2026-06-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/prenuptial-agreements-texas-facts/ A prenuptial agreement — also called a premarital agreement or antenuptial agreement — is a written contract signed before marriage that determines how financial matters will be handled during the marriage and, if necessary, at its end. Texas has its own statute governing these agreements, and knowing how Texas law actually works can make the difference between an enforceable agreement and one a court throws out. Here are 25 facts every Texas couple should know before signing — or deciding not to sign — a prenup. The Legal Foundation: Texas Family Code Chapter 4 Fact 1: Texas Has a Dedicated Prenup Statute Prenuptial agreements in Texas are governed by Chapter 4 of the Texas Family Code, titled "Premarital Agreements. " This statute defines what a premarital agreement is, what it can and cannot include, and the grounds on which a court can refuse to enforce it. When attorneys at Varghese Summersett draft or review a prenup, Chapter 4 is the starting point for every conversation. Fact 2: A Prenup Must Be in Writing and Signed by Both Parties Under Texas Family Code § 4. 002, a premarital agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties. An oral agreement — no matter how clearly both spouses understood it — is not enforceable. This requirement protects both partners by ensuring that whatever they agreed to is documented and reviewable. Fact 3: A Prenup Takes Effect the Moment You Get Married You can sign a prenup weeks or months before the wedding, but it has no legal effect until the marriage actually occurs. Under Texas Family Code § 4. 002, a premarital agreement "becomes effective on marriage. " If the wedding never happens, the agreement never kicks in. This matters for couples who sign and then delay or cancel the ceremony. Fact 4: No Consideration Is Required In most contracts, each party must give something of value — this is called "consideration. " Prenuptial agreements in Texas are an exception. Under Texas Family Code § 4. 002(b), a premarital agreement "is enforceable without consideration. " The act of getting married is treated as sufficient. Texas Is a Community Property State — and That Changes Everything Fact 5: Without a Prenup, Texas Default Rules Apply Texas is one of only nine community property states in the country. Under Texas Family Code § 3. 002, property acquired during the marriage is presumed to be community property — meaning it belongs equally to both spouses regardless of who earned it or whose name is on it. Separate property, defined under § 3. 001, includes property owned before marriage, gifts, and inheritances received during the marriage. Without a prenup, these default rules govern how your assets are treated and divided. Fact 6: A Prenup Can Define How Property Will Be Characterized One of the most powerful — and often overlooked — features of a Texas prenup is the ability to define in advance how certain property will be treated during the marriage. Under Texas Family... > Hurt in a DFW police cruiser or emergency vehicle crash? Texas law limits your time to act. Learn Section 546, the notice trap, and your real options. - Published: 2026-06-22 - Modified: 2026-06-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas/hit-by-police-car-emergency-vehicle-dallas-fort-worth/ A Fort Worth patrol car running lights and siren blows through a red light and hits your vehicle broadside. Or a Dallas fire engine responding to a call crosses the center line and strikes you head-on. You are seriously hurt, the other driver was a government employee, and suddenly, the rules that would apply to any other car accident case look completely different. Crashes involving police cars, fire engines, ambulances, and other government-operated emergency vehicles in Texas often operate under a different legal framework than ordinary motor vehicle wrecks because governmental immunity may apply unless the Texas Tort Claims Act waives it. Texas Transportation Code Chapter 546 gives police officers, firefighters, and EMTs certain privileges when operating an authorized emergency vehicle in specific circumstances, including proceeding past a red light after slowing as necessary for safety, exceeding the speed limit without endangering life or property, and disregarding certain movement regulations. And if you do not send written notice to the correct governmental unit on time, you may lose your claim, but the deadline is not always 90 days — the Texas Tort Claims Act sets a six-month default notice period, and some local governments may adopt shorter deadlines by charter or ordinance. This article explains the law, the real money, and what has to happen in the next few weeks for your case to survive. Who Is Responsible When a Police Cruiser or Emergency Vehicle Hits You The first question in every emergency vehicle crash is which government entity owns the vehicle and employs the driver. In most cases, that governmental unit is the primary defendant, although procedural issues can arise if the employee is named individually at the outset. In the DFW area, the most common governmental units you will be suing are: City of Dallas through Dallas Fire-Rescue or the Dallas Police Department City of Fort Worth through its Fort Worth Police Department or Fort Worth Fire Department Tarrant County through its Sheriff's Office or county EMS Dallas County through its Sheriff's Office or county health and emergency services Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) for state troopers operating on DFW highways Smaller municipalities such as Arlington, Plano, Irving, Garland, Grand Prairie, or Denton if the vehicle belonged to a suburb's fleet Private ambulance companies operating under contract with a city, such as AMR (American Medical Response) or other contracted EMS providers, are a separate situation. They generally are not governmental units entitled to sovereign immunity under the TTCA in the same way a city or county is, although the contractual structure should be verified in each case. In a mutual aid situation, where officers or vehicles from multiple jurisdictions respond to the same scene, you may have claims against more than one governmental unit simultaneously, and each may have its own notice requirements and defenses. The individual officer, firefighter, or EMT is generally not the right defendant. Under Texas law, a governmental unit can be sued directly for the torts of its employees acting within the scope... > The Supreme Court in U.S. v. Hemani struck the federal gun ban as applied to a Texas marijuana user. What it changes for gun owners, and what it does not. - Published: 2026-06-18 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/us-v-hemani/ Supreme Court Rules the Federal Gun Ban Cannot Automatically Disarm Marijuana Users: U. S. v. Hemani Explained On June 18, 2026, the Supreme Court decided United States v. Hemani. The Court held that the federal government cannot automatically strip a person of Second Amendment rights, prosecute him, and seek a 15-year sentence based on nothing more than regular marijuana use. That was the theory the government brought, and the Court rejected it. Justice Gorsuch wrote for seven justices. Justice Alito and Justice Kagan reached the same result through a separate opinion, making the outcome unanimous. The decision matters for anyone who owns a firearm and uses marijuana, and its limits matter just as much. The ruling is real, but it is narrower than the headlines suggest, and Texas law has not changed. This article explains what the Court decided and what it means. If you are facing a federal gun or drug charge, our Board Certified criminal defense team can review your case. Schedule a Free Consultation | Request a Free Case Review The Facts: A Cooperative Defendant in the Dallas Area Ali Hemani was born in Texas and has spent most of his life in the Dallas area, living with his parents and working a steady job. In 2022, federal agents searched the family home while investigating suspected terrorism-related activity. Hemani cooperated. He handed agents a gun he kept in the house, pointed them to marijuana on the property, and sat for an interview where he admitted he used marijuana about every other day. No terrorism charge followed. More than six months later, relying on nothing but his admitted marijuana use, the government charged him under 18 U. S. C. 922(g)(3) for possessing a gun in his home while being an "unlawful user" of a controlled substance. The district court tossed the indictment on Second Amendment grounds. The Fifth Circuit, which covers Texas, agreed. The Supreme Court took the case and affirmed. What the Court Actually Held Section 922(g)(3) is part of the federal Gun Control Act. It bans anyone who is an "unlawful user of" or "addicted to" a controlled substance from possessing any firearm, for any reason. Break that ban and you face up to 15 years in federal prison and a lifetime bar on owning guns. Convictions under this specific provision are rare. They make up only about 5 percent of all 922(g) cases. The government read the statute to work automatically. The day you become an unlawful drug user, your gun rights vanish. They stay gone until you stop. It does not matter what the drug is, how much you use, whether you are ever dangerous, why you keep a gun, or how safely you store it. The Court rejected that theory as applied to Hemani. The holding, in the Court's own words: the government's prosecution of Hemani under the unlawful-user provision is "inconsistent with the Second Amendment. " Not the whole statute. Not every drug user. This defendant, on this theory. Open the full... > Hit by a construction vehicle on a TxDOT project in Texas? Learn who's liable — TxDOT, the contractor, or a subcontractor — and why you may have only a short time to act. - Published: 2026-06-16 - Modified: 2026-06-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-construction-vehicle-txdot-project/ You were driving through a TxDOT work zone when a dump truck backed into traffic, a loader swung into your lane, or a piece of heavy equipment crossed the centerline without warning. The crew scattered. The foreman started making calls. Now you have a fractured spine, a traumatic brain injury, or worse, and every contractor on that job site is pointing at someone else. Here is what you are actually dealing with, and what it takes to get every dollar you are owed. The Structure of a TxDOT Construction Project TxDOT does not build roads with its own employees. It awards a prime contract to a private general contractor, who then hires subcontractors to perform the actual work. A major highway project can have a dozen or more subcontractors: an earthwork sub, a paving sub, a traffic control sub, a utility relocation sub, a concrete sub, a striping sub, the list goes on. The construction vehicle that hit you was almost certainly operated by an employee of one of these private companies, not a TxDOT employee. That layered structure is not an accident. It creates a layered liability problem, and every party in that chain has a financial incentive to push responsibility toward someone else. Your job, through your personal injury lawyer, is to hold every responsible party accountable at once. Who Is Liable: Every Potential Defendant TxDOT TxDOT is a state agency, and sovereign immunity applies. You cannot sue TxDOT the same way you sue a private company. The Texas Tort Claims Act (TTCA), Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §101. 021, waives immunity in two relevant situations: when a government employee causes injury through the negligent use or operation of a motor vehicle, and when a government employee's negligent use of tangible personal property causes injury or death. That waiver comes with hard limits. Under TTCA §101. 023(b), damages against a state agency are capped. Punitive damages are unavailable against TxDOT under any theory. Under TTCA §101. 101, you must serve TxDOT with formal written notice of your claim within six months of the incident. Miss that deadline and your claim against TxDOT could be extinguished, regardless of how strong the evidence is. Failure to provide formal notice can bar the claim unless TxDOT had actual notice under §101. 101(c), which courts apply narrowly. TxDOT will also invoke the discretionary function exception. If TxDOT approved the Traffic Control Plan or made policy-level decisions about how the project was awarded, it will argue those were discretionary governmental acts that immunity still covers. That defense does not protect TxDOT for operational failures: a TxDOT project inspector who observed a non-compliant traffic control setup and did nothing is engaging in operational negligence, not a protected policy decision. The Prime (General) Contractor The general contractor is almost always the most important defendant. The GC holds the prime contract with TxDOT, controls the project site, and bears direct contractual responsibility for implementing and maintaining the Traffic Control Plan. Unlike TxDOT, the GC is... - Published: 2026-06-13 - Modified: 2026-06-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/arrested-as-a-doctor/ What Every Physician Needs to Know to Protect Their License and Career An arrest can upend anyone's life. For a physician, it can do far more than that. A single allegation, long before any conviction, sometimes before charges are even filed, can put your medical license, your hospital privileges, your DEA registration, your ability to bill federal health programs, and your entire career at risk. Booking records and mugshots are public in Texas, news outlets cover physician arrests aggressively, and patients and referral sources see them. The hardest thing for many doctors to understand is this: your criminal case and your professional consequences run on separate tracks with different rules. You can be cleared in criminal court and still lose your license. You can resolve the criminal case quietly and still face hospital and federal action. This article explains what every Texas physician needs to know if they are arrested, and the concrete steps that protect you. The First Principle: Five Systems, Not One When a doctor is arrested, the criminal court is only one of five separate systems that may act. The other four are: Your hospital (medical staff privileges, governed by bylaws) The Texas Medical Board (TMB) (your license to practice) The DEA (your registration to prescribe controlled substances) The HHS Office of Inspector General (your ability to participate in Medicare and Medicaid) Three things make this dangerous in a way an ordinary criminal case is not: These systems often trigger on the arrest, charge, or indictment—not on a conviction. They can move before you have had any day in court. They run on their own timelines and lower burdens of proof. While your criminal case is still pending, the hospital, the TMB, the DEA, and the OIG can each act. They cascade into one another. One action becomes the predicate for the next, as explained below. The Cascade: How One Arrest Triggers Everything Else The reason a physician arrest is so much more serious than a typical criminal matter is that the consequences are wired together. A simplified version of the chain looks like this: An arrest or charge can lead to a TMB action against your license. Because your DEA registration is predicated on holding a valid state license, a license suspension can knock out your DEA registration. Loss of your DEA registration (or a felony charge, or an OIG exclusion) can trip automatic-suspension clauses in your hospital bylaws. A privileges suspension lasting more than 30 days generates a permanent National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB) report that follows you nationally. Meanwhile, certain convictions force OIG exclusion, which makes you effectively unemployable anywhere that touches federal health dollars. Any single node in this chain can become the input to the next. That is why protecting the load-bearing node—your state license—matters so much, and why reflexive voluntary moves are so dangerous. Your Employment Contract and Hospital Privileges "Morals" Clauses Morality clauses are common in physician employment agreements, hospital contracts, and any contract touching media, sponsorship, or institutional reputation.... > Hit by a FedEx truck in Texas? Whether it was FedEx Ground or FedEx Express determines who you can sue. - Published: 2026-06-11 - Modified: 2026-06-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-fedex-truck-texas/ A FedEx truck ran a red light and hit you. Or it backed into your car in a parking lot. Or it crossed the center line and caused a head-on collision. You were injured, the driver is standing at your window, and the truck says FedEx on the side. That part seems simple. It is not simple at all. FedEx operates two entirely separate delivery networks — FedEx Ground and FedEx Express — that use different drivers, different corporate structures, and completely different legal relationships. Whether you were hit by a FedEx Ground truck or a FedEx Express truck determines who the responsible defendants are, which insurance policies apply, and what legal theories your lawyer must pursue. Most personal injury lawyers do not know this distinction exists. Some file suit against the wrong FedEx entity entirely, a mistake that can cost months of litigation time and, in some cases, result in claims being dismissed or undervalued. This article explains the distinction in plain terms, tells you how to figure out which FedEx network hit you, and walks through exactly what an experienced Texas personal injury lawyer must do to build the right claim against the right defendants. The Single Most Important Fact in Every FedEx Crash Case FedEx Ground drivers are not FedEx employees. FedEx Express drivers are FedEx employees. This single distinction — invisible to most people standing on the side of a road after a collision — determines everything about your case. FedEx Ground uses a network of Independent Service Providers, called ISPs, to deliver its packages. An ISP is a private business — often a small LLC or corporation — that has contracted with FedEx Ground to operate delivery routes. The ISP owns its own trucks, hires its own drivers, handles its own payroll, and is responsible for its drivers' conduct. The driver who hit you is an employee of the ISP, not of FedEx Ground. FedEx Ground's goal, from a liability standpoint, is for you to deal with the ISP and its insurance carrier and never reach FedEx Ground at all. FedEx Express operates differently. FedEx Express drivers are W-2 employees of FedEx Express, LLC, a direct subsidiary of FedEx Corporation. When a FedEx Express driver causes a crash while working, FedEx Express is liable for that driver's negligence under the doctrine of respondeat superior — the same way any employer is liable for an employee's on-the-job conduct. There is no ISP in the middle. There is no contractor defense. The liability path runs straight to FedEx Express. This is the distinction many lawyers miss. A lawyer who sues FedEx Express for a FedEx Ground crash, or who treats a FedEx Express case as a contractor dispute, has already made a fundamental error that will shape the entire case. How to Tell Which Network Hit You From the outside, FedEx Ground and FedEx Express vehicles look similar — both are large trucks or vans with FedEx branding. But there are reliable ways to identify which network... > Hit by a school bus in Texas? Whether the bus was operated by an ISD, a charter school, or a private contractor changes everything — and who you can sue. Learn more. - Published: 2026-06-08 - Modified: 2026-06-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-school-bus-texas/ A school bus hit your car, ran a red light, failed to yield, or backed into you in a parking lot. You have injuries. You have a totaled vehicle. And you are about to discover that finding out who is liable — and what that liability is actually worth — is one of the most complicated questions in Texas personal injury law. The reason is this: in Texas, a school bus is not just a school bus. It is a vehicle operated by one of three very different types of entities — a public school district, a charter school, or a private operator — and each type carries an entirely different legal framework for liability, damages, and procedure. The entity that ran the bus determines whether your claim is capped at a fraction of your actual damages, whether you had six months from the crash to file a notice of claim or lose your rights forever, and whether you can even sue the driver personally. Most people who have been hit by a school bus do not know any of this. Most lawyers who do not regularly handle these cases do not either. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury lawyers handle the full range of school bus collision cases — from ISD crashes subject to the Texas Tort Claims Act to private contractor cases where the full measure of damages is available. This article walks through every scenario so you understand exactly what you are facing. The Three Types of School Bus Operators in Texas — and Why It Matters Before analyzing liability, you need to know which type of entity operated the bus that hit you. The three categories are public school districts (ISDs), open-enrollment charter schools, and private operators. Each sits in a different legal position, and those differences are not minor — they can mean the difference between a recovery capped at $100,000 and a full verdict for all of your damages. Independent School Districts (ISDs) Texas public school districts are governmental units created under the Texas Education Code. When an ISD bus driver hits you, you are suing a governmental entity. That means the Texas Tort Claims Act (TTCA) governs your claim from start to finish — it determines what you can sue for, what your recovery is capped at, how long you have to give notice, and what happens if you miss any of those steps. Charter Schools Open-enrollment charter schools in Texas are created under Texas Education Code Chapter 12 and authorized by the Texas Education Agency. They are public schools in the educational sense — they receive state funding and serve public school students — but they are not ISDs. Whether a charter school is a "governmental unit" entitled to governmental immunity under the TTCA is a question Texas courts have not answered uniformly. That legal ambiguity creates real strategic complexity for anyone hit by a charter school bus. Private Bus Operators Private and parochial schools operate their own buses. More importantly, many... > 2026 FIFA World Cup visitors: Learn about Texas criminal laws, common arrests, bond, and legal risks in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. - Published: 2026-06-07 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/world-cup-2026/ The 2026 FIFA World Cup has arrived, and North Texas sits at the center of it. AT&T Stadium in Arlington, renamed Dallas Stadium for the tournament, will host nine matches between June 14 and July 14, more than any other venue in North America. That includes five group stage games, three knockout matches, and a semifinal on July 14. Local officials expect millions of visitors and an estimated $2 billion in economic impact across the region. With those crowds come more police, more alcohol, and more chances to run into the criminal justice system, often over things that are perfectly legal somewhere else. Texas law is strict, and "I didn't know" is not a defense. This guide explains what people commonly get arrested for at major events, how the process works, what bond looks like in Tarrant County, and what visitors, especially international travelers, need to know. Texas criminal law applies to you the moment you arrive for the 2026 World Cup, even if the same conduct is legal back home. The most common arrests at big events are public intoxication, DWI, drug possession, assault, and solicitation of prostitution, and for international visitors any of these can create immigration problems that outlast your trip. If you are arrested anywhere in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, stay quiet and call a Texas criminal defense lawyer before you say anything to police or agree to any plea. What Do People Get Arrested for During the World Cup? Big events draw big crowds, heavy drinking, and a heavy police presence. Based on patterns from past World Cups, Super Bowls, and large events in North Texas, the charges below come up again and again. For each one, here is what the conduct looks like, what the State has to prove to convict you, and what the charge can cost. One rule runs through all of them: in a Texas criminal case the burden is always on the State, never on you. Prosecutors must prove every element of an offense beyond a reasonable doubt, the highest standard in American law. You do not have to prove your innocence, testify, or explain anything. A good defense attacks the State's proof of a single element, and if even one element fails, the whole case can fail. Public Intoxication This is the easiest and most common way to get arrested at a stadium event. Under Texas Penal Code Section 49. 02, the State must prove you appeared in a public place while intoxicated to the degree that you may have endangered yourself or another person. Note what that does not require: you do not have to be falling down, driving, or causing a scene. An officer only needs to believe you posed a danger. Mere drinking is not enough, and the "danger" element is often what wins these cases. A first offense is a Class C misdemeanor, the same level as a traffic ticket, but it is still an arrest that can show up later, including at a border.... > Shot, stabbed, or assaulted at a Texas apartment complex? The property owner or management company may be liable for failing to provide adequate security. Call now. - Published: 2026-06-03 - Modified: 2026-06-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-texas-apartment-complex-negligent-security/ You were attacked in the parking lot of your apartment complex. Or in the stairwell. Or in the laundry room. Someone you have never met shot you, stabbed you, or beat you. Now you are in the hospital, out of work, and trying to understand how this happened — and whether anyone is responsible beyond the person who attacked you. Here is what many crime victims in Texas do not know: the person who hurt you may not be the only party who owes you compensation. If the property owner, management company, or security contractor knew that violent crime was happening at that complex and failed to do anything meaningful to stop it, they may bear legal responsibility for your injuries under Texas premises liability law. These are called negligent security cases, and they are among the most legally demanding personal injury cases in Texas. They require proof of foreseeability, a solid understanding of how property ownership and management are structured in Texas multifamily housing, and the ability to secure critical evidence — specifically, the police call-for-service history for that property — before it becomes unavailable or is quietly buried. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury team handles serious violent-crime cases against Texas property owners and managers. This article explains how Texas negligent security law works, what must be proved, who can be held liable, and what you need to do right now to protect your case. What Is Negligent Security in Texas? Negligent security is a premises liability claim. In Texas, a property owner or manager who controls land or a building owes certain duties to people who are lawfully on that property. When a visitor or tenant is harmed by a third-party criminal act, the question is whether the property owner or manager failed to take reasonable steps to prevent it. This is not automatic liability. Texas law does not make landlords the insurers of their tenants' safety. But Texas law does require property owners and managers to address known dangers — and violent crime on a property, or in the area immediately surrounding it, can be a known danger that creates a legal duty to act. The core of every Texas negligent security case is foreseeability: was the criminal attack that injured you something the property owner or manager knew about, or should have known about, in time to take reasonable precautions? If the answer is yes, and they failed to act, they may be liable for the harm that resulted. The Timberwalk Factors: How Texas Courts Measure Foreseeability The Texas Supreme Court established the legal framework for foreseeability in negligent security cases in Timberwalk Apartments, Partners, Inc. v. Cain, 972 S. W. 2d 749 (Tex. 1998). That case — arising from a rape at an apartment complex — remains the controlling authority in Texas today. Every negligent security case in Texas is evaluated through the five factors the Court identified in Timberwalk. Proximity How close to the attack location did prior criminal incidents occur? Courts look... > Hit by an Amazon delivery truck or van in Texas? Learn your legal options, who may be held responsible, and how an experienced attorney can maximize your compensation. - Published: 2026-06-01 - Modified: 2026-06-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-amazon-delivery-vehicle-texas/ You were stopped at a light, merging onto the highway, or pulling out of a parking lot when a blue van or box truck with an Amazon smile logo hit you. Maybe the driver ran a red light. Maybe they were backing out of a neighborhood without looking. Either way, you are now injured, your car is damaged, and the driver is handing you a card for a company you have never heard of — not Amazon. That moment of confusion is not an accident. It is the result of a deliberate corporate structure Amazon has built to distance itself from the trucks it controls, the drivers it directs, and the crashes those drivers cause. This article explains exactly how that structure works, why it does not fully protect Amazon from liability, and what an experienced Texas personal injury lawyer does to break through it. Who You Are Actually Dealing With: Amazon's Delivery Structure Amazon does not employ most of the people who deliver its packages. Instead, it has created multiple layers of corporate separation between itself and the drivers on the road. Understanding each layer is the starting point for any serious claim. Delivery Service Partners (DSPs) The majority of Amazon's "last-mile" deliveries — the final leg from a warehouse to your front door — are handled through a program Amazon calls Delivery Service Partners. A DSP is a small business, often a recently formed LLC or corporation, that Amazon has recruited and approved to operate delivery routes using Amazon-branded vans. Amazon provides the vans, the uniforms, the routing software, and the delivery equipment. The DSP hires the drivers, handles payroll, and is responsible for its drivers' conduct on paper. When a DSP driver hits you, the driver will identify the DSP employer — not Amazon. Amazon's goal is for your lawyer to deal only with the DSP and its insurer, leaving Amazon out of the picture. A lawyer who accepts that framing will almost certainly undervalue the case. The DSP is a small company. Amazon is a $2 trillion corporation. The entire exercise of the claim is to get to Amazon. Amazon Flex Independent Contractors Amazon Flex is a separate program through which Amazon recruits individual drivers directly using a smartphone app. Flex drivers use their own personal vehicles to deliver Amazon packages. Amazon classifies them as independent contractors — not employees of Amazon and not employees of a DSP. Amazon controls route assignments, delivery windows, and performance standards entirely through the app. If a Flex driver hits you, there is no DSP in the middle. The only corporate entity is Amazon itself, and the only structure between Amazon and the crash is the "independent contractor" label. Amazon Logistics and the Amazon Brand The legal entity responsible for the delivery program is generally Amazon Logistics, Inc. , a subsidiary of Amazon. com, Inc. Both entities are potential defendants. Amazon. com, Inc. is the parent corporation and ultimately the most creditworthy defendant. Identifying which Amazon entity to sue —... > Our Texas oilfield truck wreck lawyers explain liability and how to recover compensation after crashes involving sand haulers, water trucks, and frac crew vehicles. - Published: 2026-05-28 - Modified: 2026-06-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oilfield-truck-wreck/ You are driving on US-385 south of Pecos or State Highway 349 near Midland when a loaded sand hauler blows through a stop sign and hits you. The truck has three different company names stenciled on the door and the trailer. No one at the scene can tell you who the driver actually works for. If that sounds familiar, you are dealing with one of the most legally complicated wreck scenarios in Texas: a collision with an oilfield commercial vehicle in the Permian Basin. These cases are not ordinary truck accident cases. The oilfield trucking industry layers contractors, lease operators, and energy companies in ways that obscure liability and shrink apparent insurance coverage. The insurers know this. Their lawyers know this. Most plaintiffs' lawyers do not. In this article, our experienced oilfield trucking accident lawyers explain why Permian Basin truck wrecks are uniquely dangerous, how oilfield transportation companies structure operations to avoid liability, and what injured victims must do immediately to protect their case. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the realities of oilfield litigation because these cases demand far more than standard personal injury experience. They require aggressive investigation, immediate evidence preservation, and the ability to untangle layers of trucking contractors, operators, brokers, and energy companies before critical evidence disappears. If you were injured in an oilfield trucking accident in Midland, Odessa, Pecos, Monahans, Big Spring, or anywhere in the Permian Basin or Texas, this guide will help you understand what you are really up against and how to protect your right to full compensation. The Types of Oilfield Trucks on Texas Roads Not every commercial truck on a West Texas highway is a conventional freight carrier. The oilfield fleet includes distinct vehicle categories, each carrying its own liability footprint and regulatory profile. Sand haulers. Trucks carrying frac sand from rail terminals or sand mines to well sites. These often run around the clock during active completions, and drivers frequently operate near the limits of federal hours-of-service rules. Water trucks. Transport fresh water to well sites for hydraulic fracturing and haul produced water and flowback water to Class II disposal wells. Some produced-water and waste hauls may involve materials classified as hazardous, which can trigger higher federal insurance minimums for the motor carrier. Crude oil tankers. Move crude from the wellhead to pipeline injection points or to rail terminals. Crude oil in bulk is regulated as a hazardous material under federal transportation rules, so these carriers must comply with HazMat-specific safety and insurance requirements. Vacuum trucks and frac-fluid transports. Carry acids, chemicals, and other completion fluids to and from the well site. These loads can be misclassified by carriers in paperwork or driver status, which may obscure higher insurance requirements or Hazardous Materials regulations that should apply. Heavy haul and oversize loads. Move drilling rigs, frac tanks, and large production components on lowboy and specialized trailers. When these vehicles exceed Texas legal size or weight limits, they require oversize/overweight permits through TxDMV's TxPROS system, and larger loads may need pilot... > Hit by a DoorDash, Uber Eats, or Grubhub driver in Texas? Learn who is liable, which insurance applies, and how to get the compensation you deserve. Call for free consult. - Published: 2026-05-26 - Modified: 2026-05-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/hit-by-doordash-uber-eats-grubhub-driver-texas/ You were driving to work, crossing a parking lot, or riding your bike when a driver with a delivery bag in the passenger seat ran a red light, blew through a stop sign, or rear-ended you at full speed. Now you have medical bills, a totaled car, and an insurance adjuster from a company you have never heard of calling your phone. This article explains exactly who is liable when you are hit by a DoorDash, Uber Eats, or Grubhub driver, which insurance policies cover your injuries, and why these cases are more complicated than a standard two-car accident. Who You Can Sue: The Corporate Structure Behind the Driver The driver who hit you is one defendant. The corporate structure behind that driver determines how much money is actually available. DoorDash DoorDash, Inc. is a publicly traded corporation (NYSE: DASH) that operates the DoorDash and Caviar platforms. Every driver, called a "Dasher," is classified as an independent contractor under the company's terms of service. DoorDash defends that classification aggressively. But the contractor label does not automatically shield the company from liability. Under Texas law, the analysis turns on the degree of control DoorDash actually exercises over how Dashers perform their work, and the answer is more contested than the company's contracts suggest. Uber Eats Uber Eats is a delivery platform operated by Uber Technologies, Inc. , the same parent company that runs Uber rideshare. A single driver may toggle between rideshare and food delivery using one app. As with DoorDash, drivers are classified as independent contractors. Texas courts have generally upheld that classification for vicarious liability purposes. That does not close the door on suing Uber directly. Grubhub Grubhub Inc. became a subsidiary of the Dutch-listed company Just Eat Takeaway. com after being acquired in 2021. In November 2024, Wonder Group Inc. (doing business as Wonder) agreed to acquire Grubhub from Just Eat Takeaway; that transaction closed in early 2025. Grubhub drivers are also classified as independent contractors. The Driver Personally The individual driver is always a defendant. You can sue the driver directly for negligence regardless of what insurance applies. When the Platform Itself Is Liable Texas recognizes three theories for holding the platform directly liable. First, negligent hiring and negligent retention. If DoorDash, Uber Eats, or Grubhub activated a driver whose background check should have revealed disqualifying information, the company is liable for that failure independently of whether the driver was an employee. These platforms run background checks. When those checks miss something, or when the company ignores a red flag, that failure is a direct cause of action against the company itself. Second, the right-to-control test. Texas courts examine whether the hiring party controls not just the result of the work, but the manner and means of performing it. Delivery platforms exercise algorithmic control over drivers through real-time GPS tracking, route suggestions, and performance scoring. Whether that control is sufficient to undercut the contractor defense is a fact question that experienced lawyers probe in discovery. Third, negligent... > Hit by UPS driver in Texas? Learn what to do after a UPS truck accident, how UPS claims work, what evidence matters, and how we fight for injured victims. - Published: 2026-05-21 - Modified: 2026-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hit-by-ups-driver/ A UPS package car ran a stop sign in your neighborhood. A UPS feeder truck merged into your lane on I-35. A UPS driver clipped you while reversing out of a delivery stop in a parking lot. You are hurt, the brown truck is gone, and a UPS claims adjuster has already called you twice. A UPS crash in Texas is not an ordinary car wreck, and it is not the same kind of case as a wreck with Amazon, FedEx Ground, or a regional carrier. The corporate structure, the insurance, the evidence, and the defense strategy are all different. If you do not understand those differences, you will leave money on the table or get steamrolled into a release before your injuries are even fully diagnosed. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what makes UPS accident claims uniquely complex, why these cases require immediate action, and how injured Texans can protect their rights against one of the largest and most aggressive delivery companies in the country. From preserving critical evidence and identifying every liable party to dealing with corporate insurance adjusters and maximizing compensation, we break down what you need to know if you were injured in a crash involving a UPS vehicle in Texas. UPS Is Not FedEx, and That Decides Your Case Three things separate a UPS case from a routine collision: the driver is a direct W-2 employee, the package car was recording itself in real time, and UPS is largely self-insured at very high limits. The combined effect is that the company itself (not a contractor, not a third-party insurer) is the defendant, the deep pocket, and the evidence custodian. The single most important fact: the driver in the brown uniform is a direct employee of UPS, represented by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters under the 2023 to 2028 UPS National Master Agreement, which covers roughly 340,000 UPS Teamsters through July 31, 2028. FedEx Ground built its network around independent service providers (ISPs), and Amazon uses Delivery Service Partners (DSPs). When one of those drivers hits you, the parent company's first move is to argue the driver works for the contractor, not for FedEx or Amazon, and that the contractor's much smaller policy is your only target. UPS cannot make that argument. The driver was on the clock, in a UPS vehicle, on a UPS route, paid through a Teamster agreement. Under Texas common-law respondeat superior, UPS is responsible for the negligent acts of its employees in the course and scope of employment, and that question is barely a fight in a UPS case. Who You Can Sue After a UPS Crash in Texas A prepared plaintiff's lawyer never sues only the driver. The driver is the smallest pocket and often the least relevant defendant. Here is the full target list, with the basis of liability for each. Potential Defendant When Liable Why It Matters The UPS driver individually Personal negligence in the operation of the vehicle Joins the case,... - Published: 2026-05-14 - Modified: 2026-05-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/montgomery-v-caribe-transport/ What Montgomery v. Caribe Transport Means for You On May 14, 2026, the United States Supreme Court handed down a unanimous decision that changes the landscape for anyone injured in a commercial truck crash. In Montgomery v. Caribe Transport II, LLC, the Court ruled that freight brokers, the middlemen who arrange truck shipments, can be held legally responsible when they hire dangerous trucking companies that go on to cause crashes. If you or someone you love has been hurt in a truck wreck, this ruling matters. It may significantly expand who can be held accountable for your injuries, and it may open a path to compensation that did not exist before. The Story Behind the Case Shawn Montgomery was inside his tractor-trailer, pulled over on the side of an Illinois highway, when another truck veered off course and slammed into him. The driver, Yosniel Varela-Mojena, was hauling a load of plastic pots for a trucking company called Caribe Transport II. Mr. Montgomery's injuries were catastrophic. His leg had to be amputated. He sustained other severe and permanent injuries. Here is the part that matters for this case. Caribe Transport did not find this load on its own. A freight broker called C. H. Robinson Worldwide, one of the largest brokers in the country, arranged it. And at the time the broker hired Caribe Transport, that trucking company had a "conditional" safety rating from federal regulators. That rating meant the company had been flagged for problems with driver qualifications, hours-of-service compliance, vehicle inspection and maintenance, and its crash rate. Mr. Montgomery sued the driver, the trucking company, and the broker. Against the broker, his claim was simple. You knew or should have known this trucking company was dangerous, and you hired them anyway. For years, brokers argued they could not be sued for this kind of claim because of a federal law that limits statea regulation of the trucking industry. The lower courts agreed with the broker. The Supreme Court reversed unanimously. What Is a Freight Broker, and Why Should You Care? Most people have never heard of a freight broker. Here is how it works. When a company needs to ship goods, say a manufacturer sending pallets from Texas to Illinois, they usually do not call a trucking company directly. Instead, they call a broker. The broker's job is to find a trucking company willing to haul the load, negotiate the price, and coordinate pickup and delivery. The broker makes money on the spread between what the shipper pays and what the trucking company charges. Brokers are everywhere in the freight industry. There are roughly 28,000 of them in the United States, and they arrange about one-third of all freight that moves on American highways. That is hundreds of millions of loads every year. The catch is that brokers do not own the trucks. They do not employ the drivers. They are not the ones behind the wheel. So when a crash happens, brokers have long argued they have nothing... > Can politics lead to divorce? Explore how political divides affect marriages and what couples can do to stay connected despite disagreements. - Published: 2026-05-08 - Modified: 2026-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-politics-lead-to-divorce/ In an era of unprecedented political polarization, the dinner table has become a battleground, social media a source of constant friction, and the evening news a trigger for marital conflict. For many couples, the question is no longer hypothetical: can political differences actually end a marriage? The short answer is yes, but with significant nuance. Political disagreements alone rarely destroy strong marriages, but in relationships already strained by communication problems or eroded respect, politics can be the accelerant that turns smoldering tension into a divorce filing. The Numbers Tell a Sobering Story Research consistently shows that political polarization has crept into American bedrooms. According to studies analyzing voter registration records, roughly 30 percent of married couples belong to different political parties than their spouse. While that statistic suggests many couples successfully bridge the divide, other data points are less reassuring. A widely cited Wakefield Research study found that 29 percent of Americans either married or in a relationship said the current political climate was causing tension with their partner. More striking: 11 percent of Americans reported ending a romantic relationship over political differences. Among millennials, that figure jumped to 22 percent. A separate finding revealed that one-third of married respondents said they would consider divorce if their spouse supported a particular political candidate. These numbers reflect a real shift. Politics, which was once a topic couples could politely avoid at the dinner table, has become tied to identity, morality, and core values in ways that make “agreeing to disagree” feel impossible to many people. Why Politics Hits Harder Than It Used To A generation ago, political differences in marriage often amounted to disagreements about tax policy or foreign affairs, important, but rarely existential. Today, political identity has expanded to encompass deeply held positions on: Reproductive rights and body autonomy Climate change and environmental policy Gun ownership and public safety Immigration and national identity Vaccines, public health, and personal liberty LGBTQ+ rights and family structure Race, equality, and historical memory When a spouse’s political stance touches on any of these issues, the disagreement often feels less like a difference of opinion and more like a difference in fundamental moral values. That is what makes modern political conflict in marriage so corrosive. Researchers studying romantic relationships have also identified a power dynamic at play. When one partner is significantly more politically vocal or dominant, the quieter spouse may suppress their views to keep the peace, sometimes building up resentment over years. Couples with a more egalitarian dynamic often face the opposite problem. Both partners feel entitled to be heard, and neither is willing to back down. The Foundation Matters More Than the Politics Family law attorneys and marriage counselors tend to agree on one critical point: politics rarely destroys a marriage on its own. What politics does is expose the foundation underneath. Couples with strong communication, mutual respect, and shared core values typically weather political storms intact. They may roll their eyes at each other’s news preferences. They may avoid certain topics... > The parents of an 18-year-old student who was killed in a crash on a poorly constructed and maintained state highway have filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the TXDOT. - Published: 2026-05-08 - Modified: 2026-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/key-article/romi-bomar/ The parents of an 18-year-old college student who was killed in a crash on a poorly constructed and maintained state highway have filed a wrongful death lawsuit against the Texas Department of Transportation. The 14-page lawsuit, filed March 17 in the 146th District Court in Belton, seeks “fair and reasonable” compensation for the death of Romi Bomar — who died from injuries suffered in a wreck at a “recurring location for crashes. ” “At the time of the wreck, Ms. Bomar was driving to Temple College, where she was pursuing a degree in cardiac sonography,” said Attorney Damian Williams, a partner at the law firm of Varghese Summersett. “She was a young woman on the threshold of her adult life — full of promise, ambition, and purpose. “This wasn’t just a tragic accident; it was preventable. Officials have long known that this stretch of road, particularly this curve, is hazardous, especially in wet conditions. Yet, they failed to address it. That failure has had devastating consequences. Sadly, Romi is not the first life lost there — and without change, she may not be the last. TxDOT must be held accountable for ignoring a known and deadly danger. ” At 10:30 a. m. on September 24, 2025, Bomar was driving east on State Highway 6 — between Owl Creek Road and Burgandy Lane in Bell and Coryell Counties — when her 2014 Jeep hydroplaned on the wet roadway while navigating a dangerous curve. She lost control of her vehicle and crossed into the westbound lane, where she collided head-on with a 2012 Ford F-350 pickup. She later died from her injuries. “In the year of Ms. Bomar’s fatal crash, at least a dozen motor vehicle crashes had already occurred along the same stretch of SH 36,” the lawsuit states. “Notably, months before Ms. Bomar’s death, another motorist was killed on the same stretch of highway after colliding head-on with a truck in wet road conditions. ” The lawsuit goes on to say that TxDOT Sgt. Bryan Washko publicly acknowledged to local media that it is “not uncommon” for crashes to occur in this area, especially when the roadway is wet. The lawsuit accuses TxDOT of gross negligence, saying it was responsible for the ownership, maintenance, and control of the roadway surface, drainage, signage, and safety conditions on SH 36, including the dangerous stretch between Owl Creek Road and Bergandy Lane. The suit says Ms. Bomar’s injuries were proximately caused by TxDOT’s “negligent, careless, and reckless disregard” of its duty. Specifically, the lawsuit lists the following acts and omissions by TxDOT: Failing to properly maintain the roadway surface of SH 36 in a safe condition; Failing to remediate or repair the danger at this stretch of SH 36 in a reasonable time; Failure to give any warning to unsuspecting drivers of the unreasonably dangerous and unsafe condition; Failing to take an action to eliminate or reduce the unreasonable risk of danger presented by the condition of the highway; and Failing to reduce... > A Texas appeals court has reversed the murder conviction of Waco daycare owner Marian Fraser, setting up the possibility of her release from prison and a third trial. - Published: 2026-05-07 - Modified: 2026-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/marian-fraser/ A Texas appeals court, yet again, has reversed the murder conviction of a Waco daycare owner in the death of a four-month-old baby, setting up the possibility of her release from prison and to stand trial for a third time. On May 6, 2026, the Seventh Court of Appeals in Amarillo reversed Marian Fraser’s murder conviction and remanded the case to the 19th District Court in McLennan County for further proceedings. In September of last year, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals found that evidence admitted at trial was obtained illegally by the police. The case was then remanded to the Seventh Court of Appeals to decide whether that improperly seized evidence harmed the defendant. That same court concluded that it did, and sent the case back to the trial court. “Minutes after the jury’s verdict three years ago, I explained that we had excellent grounds for appeal,” said Defense Attorney Christy Jack, who tried the case with attorney Letty Martinez. “I said I wouldn’t be surprised if we weren’t back for Round 3. And here we are — as predicted. ” The case stems from the March 4, 2013, death of four-month-old Clara Felton at Fraser’s in-home Waco daycare, Spoiled Rotten. Fraser was first convicted in 2015 and sentenced to 50 years in prison. In 2017, the Amarillo Court of Appeals reversed that conviction, holding that her conduct did not meet the statutory definition of felony murder. After serving two years in prison, Fraser was released on an appeal bond. Fraser was retried in 2023, convicted of felony murder, and again sentenced to 50 years in prison. Her appeal was handled by attorney Lisa Mullen — a highly respected appellate attorney across Texas. In 2024, the Amarillo court affirmed Fraser’s second conviction. However, in 2025, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals held that a search warrant for Fraser’s electronic devices lacked a sufficient connection to the alleged offense and remanded the case for a constitutional harm analysis. With the May 6th opinion, Fraser’s second conviction is now vacated, and the case returns to the trial court. Prosecutors must now determine whether to pursue a third trial, taking into account the higher courts’ findings. Read Opinion Here Timeline of State of Texas v. Marian Fraser March 4, 2013 — Four-month-old Clara Felton is found unresponsive during nap time at Spoiled Rotten day care in Waco. She is pronounced dead at Providence Hospital at 4:12 p. m. That evening, Detective Mike Alston (Waco PD) and Elaine Gatewood (Texas DFPS Child Care Licensing) inspect the day care. Spoiled Rotten is ordered closed for the remainder of the week. March 5, 2013 — Clara Felton is autopsied in Dallas. March 11, 2013 — Spoiled Rotten reopens after passing inspections. Spring 2013 — Detective Alston interviews Fraser at police headquarters. McLennan County DA Abel Reyna recuses his office because of his close friendship with the Feltons; the case was assigned to Tarrant County prosecutors. August 7–8, 2013 — Fraser is charged with injury to... > Free guide for jurors experiencing trauma after difficult trials. Learn about secondary traumatic stress, coping strategies, and local and national mental health resources. - Published: 2026-05-05 - Modified: 2026-05-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/juror-resource-guide/ If you served on a jury in a criminal case — particularly one involving violence, sexual assault, abuse, or the death of a child or adult — you may be feeling things you didn't expect. This guide is for you. It explains what those reactions are, what helps, and where to find support. A note before we begin: every resource listed here serves men, women, and people of all gender identities. Some of the organizations have the word "Women" in their name for historical reasons, but they explicitly serve all genders, all ages, and all kinds of trauma exposure. If you are a male juror reading this, please do not skip past those resources. They are for you, too. You did something hard. You served on a jury. You may not have asked for the case you were given. You may have heard graphic testimony, seen disturbing photographs, watched video evidence, or listened to a survivor describe what happened to them. You may have looked at autopsy reports, crime scene images, or recordings you cannot now un-see. And then, when it was over, you went home. There was no debrief. No one walked you through what you had just absorbed. The court thanked you for your service, the bailiff dismissed you, and the rest of the world expected you to pick your kids up from school, go to the grocery store, and answer emails as if nothing had changed. Something did change. This guide is here to help you understand what you may be feeling, why it is happening, and what you can do about it. Part 1: What is Happening to Me? Secondary traumatic stress is real. You don't have to be the victim of a crime to be affected by one. Researchers, therapists, and trauma specialists have known for decades that exposure to graphic descriptions and images of violence — even from a distance — can produce real psychological symptoms. This is sometimes called secondary trauma, vicarious trauma, or, when it persists, secondary traumatic stress. It is well-documented in groups that face this kind of exposure as part of their work: emergency room staff, child protective services workers, war reporters, criminal defense and prosecution teams, and jurors in serious cases. If you are noticing changes in how you feel, sleep, think, or relate to people since your trial ended, you are not weak. You are not broken. You are having a normal human reaction to abnormal information. This is true regardless of your gender, age, profession, or how "tough" you usually are. Common reactions after exposure to traumatic material: Intrusive thoughts or flashbacks of testimony, photos, or evidence Nightmares or disrupted sleep Difficulty concentrating or remembering things Trouble functioning at work, at home, or at school Sleeping or eating too much, or too little Strained relationships with family, friends, or coworkers Sadness, anger, irritability, or guilt Feeling emotionally numb, or feeling everything too intensely Hypervigilance — checking locks, scanning crowds, distrusting strangers Shaken assumptions about safety, fairness, or... > A roadmap for slip and fall cases in Texas after H-E-B v. Peterson (2026). What plaintiffs must prove, why duration evidence wins, and what to do first. - Published: 2026-04-26 - Modified: 2026-04-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/roadmap-for-slip-and-fall-cases/ What H-E-B v. Peterson Means for Injured Texans If you slip and fall in a Texas grocery store, gas station, or restaurant, can you sue? The answer just got more complicated. On April 10, 2026, the Texas Supreme Court handed down H-E-B, LP v. Peterson — a unanimous opinion that makes it harder than ever to win a slip-and-fall case in Texas. Here's what happened, what it means, and what you need to do if you've been hurt on someone else's property. What Happened to Marissa Peterson? Marissa Peterson was shopping in the toy aisle at an HEB grocery store when she slipped on a clear puddle of water, fell, and hurt her knee. She looked up and saw water dripping from a ceiling rafter directly above the puddle. Her companion noticed buckets, signs, and trash cans scattered around other parts of the store catching leaks from a known roof problem tied to a remodeling project. The store had been leaking for over a year. It had rained earlier that day. No HEB employee had walked down the toy aisle in the two hours before Peterson fell. Seems like a winning case, right? The Texas Supreme Court said no. Peterson lost. Your browser does not support iframes. Download the PDF. Download the full opinion (PDF) The Rule: You Have to Prove How Long the Hazard Was There To win a slip-and-fall case in Texas, an injured customer (called an "invitee") must prove four things: The property owner knew or should have known about the dangerous condition The condition was unreasonably dangerous The owner failed to use reasonable care to fix it or warn about it That failure caused the injury The fight in almost every slip-and-fall case is over element one: knowledge. There are two flavors: Actual knowledge — an employee saw the spill, caused it, or was told about it Constructive knowledge — the spill was there long enough that the owner should have discovered it Most slip-and-fall cases turn on constructive knowledge, because store employees rarely admit they saw the spill before you fell. And constructive knowledge requires temporal evidence - proof of how long the hazard sat there before the injury. Why Peterson Lost Peterson offered a stack of evidence that would seem powerful to most jurors: The roof had been leaking for a year It rained two hours before her fall Water was dripping from the rafter above the puddle The puddle was about two feet across No HEB employee had walked down the aisle in two hours HEB had a heightened inspection protocol during rainstorms - and didn't follow it The Texas Supreme Court walked through every piece of evidence and rejected each one. The Court's reasoning came down to a single principle: evidence about what caused a hazard is not evidence of how long the hazard existed. The rain stopping two hours earlier? That's about cause, not duration inside the store. Water dripping from above? Also cause - it doesn't tell you when the... - Published: 2026-04-19 - Modified: 2026-04-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/post-chohan-roadmap/ Since the Texas Supreme Court decided Gregory v. Chohan in June 2023, civil plaintiffs' lawyers across Texas have been keeping a close eye on how to best prove up noneconomic damages. The Chohan plurality threw cold water on the old "shocks the conscience" standard, rejected "unsubstantiated anchoring" arguments (fighter jets, expensive paintings, cost-per-mile calculations), and held that plaintiffs must demonstrate "a rational connection, grounded in the evidence, between the injuries suffered and the amount awarded. " But the plurality also declined to "place any limits ... on the reasons by which a plaintiff might justify the amount. " That ambiguity left a lot of trial lawyers guessing. The Dallas Court of Appeals' March 26, 2026 decision in SL Nabors Commercial/Residential Roofing, Ltd. v. Allen, No. 05-24-00854-CV, offers a roadmap to proving up noneconomic damages verdict post-Chohan. Unable to display PDF. Click here to download. What Happened in Nabors Rico Delmon Allen was injured in a July 19, 2021 car accident caused by an SL Nabors roofing truck. Liability was directed against the defendant at the close of evidence. Nabors conceded it could not present evidence to support submitting a negligence question to the jury. Damages were the only live issue, and the evidence the jury heard was substantial. Allen went to the emergency room hours after the crash with head, shoulder, and back pain. Two days later, he saw chiropractor Dr. Zachary Weaks and reported neck, back, finger, arm, shoulder, leg, and hip pain along with dizziness, headaches, numbness, and sleep loss. Even with muscle relaxers, Allen rated his back, finger, and arm pain at 10 out of 10, his shoulder and rib pain at 9, and his neck pain at 8. He attended twenty chiropractic visits over approximately eleven months. At his final evaluation, he still reported severe difficulty with overhead reaching, household chores, making a bed, carrying anything over ten pounds, and washing his back. Allen completed detailed Neck and Back Indices documenting the functional consequences. He rated his sleep as "completely disturbed" with 5-7 hours of sleeplessness, reported being unable to lift or carry anything, experiencing pain that restricted his social life to his home, and suffering moderate headaches that came frequently. An MRI revealed disk protrusion at C-3 and C-4 with potential narrowing of the spinal canal. Dr. Zeshan Chaudhry diagnosed cervical and lumbar facet mediated pain and performed three fluoroscopy-guided steroid injections between May and September 2022. Allen stayed awake for each injection because one of his "biggest fears in life" was going under anesthesia and "not waking up to see my kids. " Each injection cost $7,950. He described them as "the worst thing ever. " He also underwent shoulder surgery to repair a torn labrum. Both treating physicians testified the damage was permanent. Dr. Chaudhry explained that a herniated disk will not heal itself and is "forever compromised in terms of its integrity. " Dr. Brett Boeke, Allen's chiropractic expert, testified that the injury "actually ages the disks much more" and expected Allen... - Published: 2026-04-19 - Modified: 2026-06-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/state-v-barber/ The Court of Criminal Appeals recently clarified a Texas officer can make a warrantless "on view" arrest only for a crime he actually perceives while it is happening. While that may seem obvious, it has become almost routine for officers to make DWI arrests without personal observations as "on view" arrests rather than obtaining a warrant for the arrest. This is precisely the issue the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals addressed on April 16, 2026 in State v. Barber. In Barber, an officer who arrived 40 minutes after a fatal crash, never saw the driver behind the wheel, and learned what happened from a witness was not present for the DWI or the intoxication manslaughter. The Court disavowed its own 2011 decision in Woodard and restored the plain meaning of words that decide when police can, and cannot, arrest without a warrant. This is one of the more consequential Texas criminal procedure rulings of the year, and it reaches well beyond Liberty County. It draws a sharp line between an "on view" arrest, which demands that the officer witness the crime, and an arrest built on probable cause from an investigation. It hits intoxication cases hardest, because officers so often show up after the driving is over. Varghese Summersett is a Texas criminal defense firm with six Board Certified attorneys, more than 100 years of combined experience, and a team of more than 70 across offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our criminal lawyers include former prosecutors who have tried cases on both sides of the courtroom. Founder Benson Varghese is Board Certified in Criminal Law, a former Tarrant County prosecutor, and has tried more than 100 state and federal cases before Texas juries, from DWI to murder. Founding partner Anna Summersett is a Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist and a former prosecutor widely regarded for her DWI defense work. As a firm, Varghese Summersett has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and over 800 charge reductions. That trial background is why decisions like Barber matter to the people we represent. You've Seen Us On What happened in State v. Barber The facts are short, and they drive the whole opinion. A witness watched a man named Grady Jack Barber drink two alcoholic beverages at a bar in Liberty County. The same witness saw him drive off and strike another vehicle on a Liberty County highway. The driver of the other vehicle died. Barber was taken by ambulance to a hospital in Harris County. A Dayton police officer, E. L. Ibarra, arrived at the crash scene about 40 minutes after it happened. He interviewed the witness who saw Barber drink and drive. He ran no field sobriety tests, because Barber was already gone to the hospital. Officer Ibarra then applied for a warrant to draw and test Barber's blood. On the affidavit, there was a checkbox next to the words "Observed, indicated impaired driver. " The officer struck through the word "observed" and wrote his initials, which tells you... > In this article we discuss domestic violence charges in Texas and answer your most frequently asked questions. - Published: 2026-04-12 - Modified: 2026-04-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/domestic-violence-charges-in-texas/ What Are Domestic Violence Charges in Texas? In Texas, "domestic violence" is not a standalone charge. It is a label applied to assault and related offenses when the alleged victim is a family member, household member, or someone with whom you have a dating relationship. The criminal charge on your paperwork will say something like "Assault Causing Bodily Injury - Family Member" or carry the notation "FM" for family member. What matters is what offense is charged, what the state must prove, and what the consequences are if convicted. This page answers the questions people most commonly have after an arrest. You've Seen Us On Understanding the Terminology What Is the Difference Between Domestic Violence and Family Violence in Texas? Texas law uses the term "family violence" rather than "domestic violence," but the two phrases describe the same conduct. Under Texas Family Code Section 71. 004, "family violence" means an act by a member of a family or household against another member that is intended to result in physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or sexual assault, or a threat that reasonably places the person in fear of imminent physical harm. "Domestic violence" is the everyday term most people use, but it is not a term you will find in the Texas Penal Code. On charging documents, the offense will be listed as a specific assault charge with "family member," "FM," or "FV" attached to it. What Is the Difference Between Domestic Violence and Domestic Abuse? "Domestic abuse" is not a legal term under Texas law. It is a broader social concept that includes patterns of controlling behavior, emotional manipulation, and economic harm, not all of which rise to the level of a criminal charge. "Domestic violence" refers specifically to conduct that constitutes a criminal offense. You can be charged with domestic violence for a single incident of alleged physical contact. There is no charge called "domestic abuse" in the Texas Penal Code. Who Qualifies as a Family or Household Member Under Texas Law? The family violence designation applies to a broader group than most people realize. Under Texas Family Code Section 71. 003, "family" includes spouses and former spouses, parents of the same child, foster parents and foster children, and other individuals related by blood or marriage. "Household members" under Section 71. 005 are those who currently live together or who have lived together in the past. Dating partners, current and former, are also covered under the family violence statute regardless of whether they ever shared a home. This means a charge can carry the family violence designation even in relationships that were brief or never cohabiting. How Does a Domestic Violence Charge Become a Felony in Texas? Most first-time domestic violence charges are Class A misdemeanors, punishable by up to one year in county jail and a $4,000 fine. A charge escalates to a felony under several circumstances. Under Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01, assault causing bodily injury to a family or household member becomes a third-degree felony... - Published: 2026-04-03 - Modified: 2026-04-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/self-defense-in-texas/ In Texas, being engaged in criminal activity does not automatically eliminate your right to claim self-defense. It costs you a legal presumption, not the defense itself. A landmark 2026 decision from the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, Cuevas v. State, made this distinction clear — and reversed a murder conviction because prosecutors spent an entire trial telling the jury something that was not the law. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have handled some of the most serious violent crimes in Texas — including murder charges where self-defense was the only defense available. Our team includes board-certified criminal defense attorneys, former prosecutors, and trial lawyers with decades of experience in Texas courts. We have secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions, including Not Guilty jury verdicts in murder cases. When the facts of your case depend on a nuanced legal theory like self-defense, the difference between a skilled advocate and an average one can be the difference between prison and freedom. You've Seen Us On What Did the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Decide in Cuevas v. State? On April 2, 2026, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals issued its opinion in Cuevas v. State, No. PD-0144-25. The court reversed Victor Hugo Cuevas's murder conviction and ordered a new trial. The reason? Prosecutors repeatedly told the jury — from voir dire through closing argument — that a person cannot claim self-defense if they were committing a crime at the time. The trial judge approved that position at every turn. The Court of Criminal Appeals said that was wrong, and that it caused real harm. The facts were dramatic. Cuevas went to a parking lot in Fort Bend County to sell marijuana. According to his testimony and that of a witness, the buyer — Ose — pressed a gun to Cuevas's head, robbed him of his marijuana and phone, and then threatened to kill him as he cocked his weapon. Cuevas fired seven shots into the car. Ose died. Cuevas was charged with murder and claimed self-defense. The jury convicted him anyway. At sentencing, however, the same jury found that Cuevas acted under sudden passion — a finding that requires believing the defendant's version of events. The court saw this for what it was: a jury that believed Cuevas's story but thought the law did not allow them to acquit him because he was dealing drugs. That misunderstanding cost Cuevas his self-defense claim. What Is the Actual Law on Self-Defense in Texas? Texas self-defense law under Tex. Penal Code § 9. 32 has two distinct layers. Confusing them is a serious — and surprisingly common — mistake. Layer One: The Right to Claim Self-Defense Under § 9. 32(a), a person is justified in using deadly force when they reasonably believe it is immediately necessary to protect themselves against another person's use or attempted use of unlawful deadly force. The statute does not say anything about criminal activity stripping away this right. If you are facing a genuine threat of death... > Texas Supreme Court just ruled on separate property tracing in Texas divorce. Here's what Landry v. Landry means for your assets and your case. - Published: 2026-03-21 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce/separate-property-tracing/ What Does the Texas Supreme Court's New Ruling Mean for Separate Property Tracing in Your Divorce? If you brought assets into your marriage and want to keep them in your divorce, Texas law is on your side, but only if you can prove it. On March 20, 2026, the Texas Supreme Court issued its decision in Landry v. Landry, No. 24-0910, delivering a firm ruling about how courts must treat credible, unrebutted expert testimony in separate property disputes. The message is clear: when a qualified expert traces your assets and no one contradicts them, a trial court's decision to believe that expert stands. Why This Case Matters Property disputes are among the most contested battlegrounds in any Texas divorce. What you owned before you married is your separate property. But proving that to a court, especially after years of shared finances, requires more than your word. It requires documentation, methodology, and often a forensic expert who can trace the money through years of account statements and explain what it all means. Landry v. Landry is important because it reaffirms that when that expert work is done right, appellate courts cannot simply substitute their own judgment for the trial court's. This matters enormously for anyone fighting to protect pre-marital investments, inheritances, or other assets from being swept into the community estate. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett handle complex marital property division disputes across Texas. Our family law team includes J. Turner Thornton, recognized by Best Lawyers in America for Family Law (2024) and a licensed mediator, alongside Partner Dena Wilson, a Super Lawyer with over two decades of experience in high-asset divorces. When property characterization is on the line, preparation and expert coordination are everything. You've Seen Us On The Facts of Landry v. Landry Theodore and Janelle Landry married in January 2003 and divorced after a two-day bench trial. The dispute centered on two Charles Schwab investment accounts that Theodore had opened before the marriage (one in 1992, one in 1995). He argued they were his separate property. Janelle argued they had become community property. Theodore retained Bryan Rice, a certified public accountant, to trace the accounts. Rice analyzed monthly statements from January 2003 through June 2019, sixteen years of financial history. His conclusion: although the accounts earned interest and dividends during the marriage, community funds withdrew that income as fast as it came in, funding community expenses. The accounts never became commingled with community assets in a way that changed their character. Rice acknowledged he had not reviewed four months of statements (July through October 2018). Those statements were actually in the court record the entire time; Rice simply had not received them. When pressed on both direct and cross-examination, Rice testified without hesitation that those four months would not have materially changed his conclusions. He had already established a consistent pattern across fifteen-plus years of data, and those four months represented roughly two percent of the total account history. Janelle's own rebuttal expert was excluded by the trial... > Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a was rewritten effective March 1 2026. New Texas motion for summary judgment (MSJ) deadlines and requirements under TRCP 166a. - Published: 2026-03-16 - Modified: 2026-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/motion-for-summary-judgment-rule-changes/ Motions for Summary Judgment filed in Texas on or after March 1, 2026 are subject to new rules and deadlines that apply to the movant, nonmovant, and the court. Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a has been completely rewritten, and the procedural habits (and tactics) that governed summary judgment practice for decades are no longer operative. This article is a practitioner's guide to the new rule. It covers what changed, why it changed, how the new deadline structure works in practice, and what plaintiff's counsel, defense counsel, and courts need to do differently starting now. Rule 166a — Effective March 1, 2026 What you need to know about Texas's rewritten summary judgment rule Deadlines now run from the date the motion is filed — not the hearing date Nonmovant has 21 days to respond after the motion is filed Movant has 7 days after the response is filed to reply Courts must set a hearing or submission within 60 days of filing (90 with good cause) Courts must issue a written ruling within 90 days of the hearing or submission date Both parties must submit proposed orders before the hearing Reply briefs cannot raise new grounds — expressly prohibited by rule Motion withdrawals must be formally filed and identify the original filing date Non-compliance is reported quarterly to the OCA and annually to the Governor The substantive legal standard for granting or denying summary judgment has not changed Use the free Texas MSJ Deadline Calculator to instantly compute your deadlines. Calculate your deadlines → Texas Rule 166a: What Changed on March 1, 2026 The Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 293 and House Bill 16 during the 89th Legislative Session, mandating a top-to-bottom revision of Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 166a. SB 293 required strict scheduling for hearings and rulings to end the era of motions languishing on trial court dockets. HB 16 modified those judicial action timelines, extending certain deadlines from 45 to 60 days and allowing the 90-day window under limited circumstances. The Texas Supreme Court finalized the amendments and signed them on February 27, 2026 (Misc. Docket No. 26-9012). The changes took effect March 1, 2026, and apply to every motion for summary judgment filed on or after that date. The goals were speed, consistency, and accountability. For years, summary judgment motions in Texas state courts could linger indefinitely. A motion could sit on a docket for months with no hearing set, no ruling issued, and no mechanism to force a resolution. The amended rule changes all of that by imposing mandatory deadlines on both parties and the court itself. The court's comment accompanying the 2026 revision makes clear that the rewrite is procedural, not substantive. The underlying legal standards for granting or denying summary judgment have not changed. What has changed is everything about how those motions move through the system. TRCP Rule 166a (2026) Old Rule vs. New Rule: Side-by-Side Comparison Here is how the key provisions changed under the 2026 rewrite. The substantive legal standards... > Did you know that unsolicited calls from personal injury lawyers or law firms are illegal? Here's what to do if that happens to you. - Published: 2026-03-02 - Modified: 2026-03-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/unsolicited-calls-from-personal-injury-lawyers/ If a stranger contacted you about your accident before you ever called a lawyer, that contact may be illegal. In Texas, hiring a law firm through an unsolicited case runner is called barratry, a criminal offense under Texas Penal Code § 38. 12, and any contract you signed as a result is voidable at your option under Texas Government Code § 82. 0651(c). You have the right to walk away, hire new counsel, and Texas law is on your side. Varghese Summersett is a Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our personal injury attorneys came to every client the right way: through reputation, referrals, and results. We never use case runners. We represent injured Texans and grieving families who want a firm that earns their trust, not one that purchased their file. If you were solicited by a case runner and want to know your options, call us for a free consultation. You've Seen Us On How Illegal Case Runners Operate in Texas You didn't even make it home from the hospital before it started. Twenty calls in a week. Maybe more. Texts from numbers you didn't recognize. Someone showing up asking about your injuries. All of them strangers claiming they heard about your accident or your loved one's death, all of them eager to connect you with a lawyer who could help. Some sounded friendly. Some sounded official. A few may have even known details you didn't expect a stranger to know. You're not imagining things. You're not being paranoid. What you experienced has a name, and in Texas, it is a crime. What Is a Case Runner, and Why Should You Care? Texas law calls them case runners. You might know them by other names: ambulance chasers, bird dogs, runners, or just the person who somehow found your number hours after your wreck or hours after your family member passed away. A case runner is someone paid by a law firm to find victims and grieving families and bring them in as clients. They haunt emergency rooms and hospitals. They monitor police scanners. They buy accident reports and death records. They pay tow truck drivers, hospital employees, and first responders for tips. Then they call you, text you, show up at your door, or track you down on social media. All of it happens on someone else's payroll, and all of it is designed to funnel you toward a specific law firm that is paying for the referral. This practice is called barratry. Under Texas Penal Code § 38. 12, it is a criminal offense — not a gray area, not a technical violation. A crime, for the case runner and for the attorney who hired them. It happens in personal injury cases after car accidents, truck accidents, and workplace injuries. It happens in wrongful death cases when a family is still in the hospital or still making funeral arrangements. The type of case doesn't matter. What matters is that someone was... > What happens when a bondsman goes off bond? Learn what BOIS, BOFO & BREI mean — and how to get out fast. Free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-23 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/bondsman-goes-off-bond/ When a bail bondsman "goes off bond" in Texas, it means they've revoked their financial guarantee and surrendered you into custody. Your original bond is gone. Getting back out requires a court hearing, and the clock is already ticking. What Does It Mean When a Bondsman Goes Off Your Bond? When a bail bondsman posts your bond, they're making a financial promise to the court: if you fail to appear, they'll pay the full bail amount. In exchange, you or your family paid them a non-refundable premium, typically 10% to 15% of the bond amount. Going off your bond — also called a bond surrender or bond revocation — means the bondsman is canceling that promise. They physically deliver you to the jail and formally notify the court that they're no longer responsible for your appearance. Once that happens, the bond is vacated and you're back in custody as if the bond was never posted. This is legal. Under Texas Occupations Code § 1704, a licensed bail bond surety has the authority to arrest and surrender a defendant at any time before a bond forfeiture judgment is entered. They do not need a warrant. They do not need law enforcement assistance, though they often work with law enforcement. They simply need to have written authority from the court that issued the bond. Why You Need an Attorney Right Now Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. Our team includes Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists, former prosecutors with decades of courtroom experience, and attorneys who have appeared in over 500 jury trials. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for clients across the state. When a bondsman surrenders you, every hour you sit in jail is an hour your attorney could be filing for a bond hearing. Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist Benson Varghese and Board Certified Criminal Law Specialist Anna Summersett — both former prosecutors — lead a team of 70+ legal professionals who handle exactly these kinds of urgent bond situations around the clock. If your bondsman just went off your bond, the right call is to an attorney, not another bondsman. Here's what you need to know. You've Seen Us On Common Reasons a Bondsman Goes Off Your Bond Bondsmen are in the business of managing risk. When they posted your bond, they made a calculated bet that you'd show up to court. If something changes that bet, they act quickly. The most common triggers are: Missed check-ins: Most bondsmen require regular contact. Go dark, and they get nervous fast. New arrests: Getting arrested on a new charge while out on bond almost always triggers a surrender. Suspicion of flight risk: If the bondsman hears you're planning to leave Texas or the country, they'll move immediately. Bond condition violations: Travel restrictions, no-contact orders, curfews — violating any of these puts your bond in jeopardy. Failure to pay: If you haven't... - Published: 2026-02-19 - Modified: 2026-02-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/the-dangers-of-asking-ai-legal-questions/ When you turn to AI for help, it can feel like a private conversation, one where you are free to think out loud, explore ideas, and ask questions you might not ask anyone else. However, a recent ruling out of a federal court in New York highlights the dangers of asking AI legal questions, or using AI as a sounding board for your legal strategy. The full opinion came in United States v. Heppner, No. 25-Cr-503 (S. D. N. Y. ) and was issued on February 17, 2026. But the legal reasoning extends far beyond federal criminal court. The same arguments can be made in civil lawsuits and in state court. If you are using AI to think through a legal situation, you may be creating evidence you cannot take back. You've Seen Us On The Case: What Happened in Heppner Bradley Heppner was a Dallas-based financial executive and CEO of GWG Holdings, a publicly traded company. In October 2025, a federal grand jury indicted him on securities fraud, wire fraud, and related charges. The government alleged he defrauded investors out of more than $150 million. On his own initiative, Heppner opened Claude and had extended conversations with the AI. (Big Mistake #1) He asked it to help him analyze the anticipated charges, assess the facts, and think through possible defenses. He generated 31 documents from those sessions and later sent them to his defense team. When FBI agents executed a search warrant at his home, they seized those printed transcripts. (Big Mistake #2) His lawyers asserted both attorney-client privilege and work product protection. Judge Jed S. Rakoff of the Southern District of New York denied both arguments in full. One week after ruling from the bench, he issued a 12-page written memorandum explaining precisely why, applying the settled privilege doctrine that governs civil and criminal proceedings alike. Read the Full Opinion You can read Judge Rakoff's complete 12-page written memorandum below. Your browser does not support embedded PDFs. Click here to download the opinion. Why the Law Does Not Protect AI Conversations Attorney-client privilege requires three things: a communication between a client and a licensed attorney, that is kept confidential, and for the purpose of obtaining legal advice. AI conversations fail on every element. An AI platform is not a lawyer. It cannot form an attorney-client relationship. The court noted that Claude itself, when asked by the government whether it could give legal advice, responded that it was not a lawyer, could not provide formal legal advice, and recommended that users consult a qualified attorney. The AI disclaimed the very role the defendant was claiming it had performed, and that response was submitted as an exhibit and cited in the ruling. There was also no confidentiality. Heppner shared his communications with Anthropic, a third-party company whose privacy policy expressly states that it collects both user inputs and AI outputs, may use that data to train its models, and reserves the right to disclose user data to third parties, including... > Attorney J. Turner Thornton has been named to Fort Worth Inc.’s prestigious 40 Under 40 list, recognizing the city’s most dynamic leaders under age 40. - Published: 2026-02-13 - Modified: 2026-02-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-j-turner-thornton-named-a-fort-worth-40-under-40/ Attorney J. Turner Thornton — a partner at Varghese Summersett who leads the firm’s Family Law Division — has been named to Fort Worth Inc. ’s prestigious 40 Under 40 list, recognizing the city’s most dynamic leaders under age 40. Thornton and the other honorees were celebrated on Thursday, February 12, during a reception at River Ranch Stockyards. He is also featured in this month’s edition of Fort Worth Inc. magazine. “I’m honored to have been selected along with such exceptional men and women,” Thornton said. “We all come from different personal and professional backgrounds, but we are motivated by the same purpose: to make a meaningful impact in the communities we serve. ” The Fort Worth 40 Under 40 awards recognize rising leaders across Greater Fort Worth who are making a lasting impact in business and the community. Each year, 40 high-achieving professionals under the age of 40 are selected through a rigorous nomination and review process that evaluates career accomplishments, leadership influence, and civic engagement. The program, which has honored exceptional talent in Tarrant County for decades, is widely regarded as a prestigious local award— identifying the next generation of leaders shaping the region’s future. Thornton’s selection reflects the remarkable growth and leadership he has demonstrated since launching Varghese Summersett’s Family Law Division in 2021. What began as a new practice area has quickly become one of the region’s most prominent family law teams. In fewer than four years, he has built and now leads a 17-member division spanning Fort Worth, Southlake, and Dallas. Beyond his professional achievements, Thornton has made a meaningful impact across the Fort Worth community. A skilled litigator, negotiator, and mediator, he has guided hundreds of families through complex and emotionally charged legal matters, helping them move forward with clarity and stability. He also dedicates his time to service and philanthropy — serving as an elected board member of the Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association, serving on the school board of FUMC Dayschool, chairing the Wayne Ward Memorial Golf Tournament, and supporting scholarships for students with autism and Down Syndrome. In 2024, he was honored with the Texas A&M School of Law Alumni Legacy Award, recognizing leaders who demonstrate excellence in their profession and a lasting commitment to their communities. Thornton’s leadership, service, and vision continue to shape not only his firm, but the broader legal landscape of North Texas. Thornton is not the first attorney at Varghese Summersett to receive this esteemed award. Last year, Ty Stimpson, a partner who leads the firm’s Personal Injury Division, received the award. The year before that, Anna Summersett, co-founder of the firm, received the distinction — underscoring the firm’s continued commitment to excellence and leadership within the Fort Worth community. “Turner’s recognition is well-deserved,” said Managing Partner Benson Varghese. “He sets that bar that others strive to reach. And we are proud to have had a Fort Worth 40 Under 40 honoree three years in a row. It reflects the depth of leadership within our... - Published: 2026-02-05 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile/first-appearance-in-juvenile-court/ If your child was taken into custody or received a summons, their first juvenile court appearance in Texas is typically a detention hearing held within two working days of detention. During this hearing, a judge will decide whether to release your child or keep them detained while the case moves forward. Understanding the process, your child's rights, and how to prepare can make a real difference in the outcome. The Texas juvenile justice system is governed by Title 3 of the Texas Family Code. Unlike the adult criminal system, the juvenile system focuses on rehabilitation while still holding young people accountable. As a parent, you are not just a bystander. Texas law requires your active participation in these proceedings. At Varghese Summersett, our juvenile defense team includes two attorneys who are Board Certified in Juvenile Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization: Lisa Herrick, a former Tarrant County prosecutor who tried more than 80 jury trials before becoming a defense attorney, and Mike Hanson, a military veteran and former prosecutor who leads our Houston office. With more than 70 team members across four Texas offices and a track record of more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions, we bring the experience and resources families need during this stressful time. You've Seen Us On How Does the Juvenile Court System Differ from Adult Court in Texas? The juvenile system operates with different goals, terminology, and procedures than the adult criminal justice system. Knowing the language and framework will help you follow proceedings and communicate with your child's attorney. Key Terminology Differences Adult System Term Juvenile System Term What It Means Crime/Offense Delinquent Conduct or CINS The act the child is accused of committing Arrest Taking Into Custody When a child is detained by law enforcement Indictment Petition The formal charging document filed by the prosecutor Defendant Respondent The child accused of the offense Trial Adjudication Hearing The proceeding to determine if the child committed the conduct Conviction Finding/Adjudication When the court finds the child engaged in the conduct Sentencing Disposition Hearing When the court determines the consequences Prison Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) The state facility for committed youth Age and Jurisdiction Texas juvenile courts have jurisdiction over children who are at least 10 years old but younger than 17 at the time of the alleged offense. This is younger than the threshold in most states. Once a child turns 17, they are treated as an adult in the Texas criminal justice system. Juvenile courts retain jurisdiction over a case until the respondent turns 18 (or 19 in certain felony cases). For determinate sentence cases involving the most serious offenses, jurisdiction may extend until the person turns 40. Are Juvenile Court Records Public? Juvenile proceedings are generally closed to the public. Juvenile records are also subject to sealing and, in some cases, automatic restricted access. These protections reflect the understanding that children are still developing and should not carry the weight of a public record for mistakes made during... > Injured when a vehicle crashed into a building in Texas? Learn who may be liable and how to recover compensation. Call Varghese Summersett for a free consultation. - Published: 2026-02-05 - Modified: 2026-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/vehicle-crashes-into-a-building/ When a vehicle crashes into a home or building in Texas, the driver is usually liable, but other parties may share fault, including the driver's employer, the vehicle owner, the property owner, or even a manufacturer, depending on the circumstances of the wreck. Identifying every responsible party is the key to maximizing your compensation. Crashes into buildings happen far more often than most people realize. They can cause catastrophic injuries, massive property damage, and lasting trauma. If you or a loved one were inside a building when a vehicle struck it, Texas law gives you the right to pursue damages from every party whose negligence played a role. How Common Are Vehicle-Into-Building Crashes? More common than you might think. According to the Storefront Safety Council, vehicles crash into commercial buildings roughly 60 times per day across the United States. These incidents cause thousands of injuries and dozens of deaths every year. Homes are struck frequently as well, especially properties on corners, curves, or near high-speed roadways. In Texas, the volume of traffic, the prevalence of high-speed roads, and urban sprawl make vehicle-into-building accidents an ongoing and serious risk. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and Houston metro area are especially vulnerable due to dense commercial corridors and high-speed arterials that run close to storefronts and residential neighborhoods. You've Seen Us On Who Is Liable When a Vehicle Crashes Into a Building in Texas? Figuring out who is legally responsible requires a thorough investigation into why the crash happened. Depending on the facts, one or more of the following parties may owe you compensation. We've listed them in order of how often they are found at fault in these cases. 1. The Driver The driver is the most common party at fault in vehicle-into-building crashes. The vast majority of these incidents stem from driver error, including confusing the gas pedal for the brake (especially in parking lots), distracted driving, drunk or drugged driving, excessive speed, falling asleep behind the wheel, or fleeing law enforcement. If the driver failed to exercise reasonable care, they can be held personally liable for your injuries and property damage. In cases involving intoxication or extreme recklessness, you may also be entitled to punitive damages designed to punish the wrongdoer. 2. Another Driver In many vehicle-into-building crashes, the driver who struck the building was trying to avoid a collision with a different vehicle. If a second driver's negligence forced the first driver off the road and into a structure, that second driver may also be liable, even if their car never touched the building. Hit-and-run scenarios are also common. A fleeing driver causes the crash, then disappears. Witness statements, surveillance footage, and accident reconstruction experts can help identify and hold the at-fault driver accountable. 3. The Driver's Employer If the driver was working at the time of the crash, their employer may be vicariously liable under a legal doctrine called respondeat superior. This applies when an employee causes harm while acting in the course and scope of their job.... - Published: 2026-01-25 - Modified: 2026-01-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/suing-lyft-or-uber-for-sexual-assault/ Suing Lyft or Uber for sexual assault in Texas is harder than in most other states. Texas law classifies rideshare drivers as independent contractors and explicitly states that Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) are not common carriers. These two legal shields create barriers that require survivors to prove "gross negligence" by clear and convincing evidence rather than ordinary negligence. This does not mean lawsuits are impossible. Texas survivors can still pursue claims against Uber and Lyft, but the path requires a focused legal strategy targeting the company's direct failures rather than simply holding them responsible for their driver's actions. Why Is Suing Uber or Lyft for Sexual Assault So Difficult in Texas? Texas has created one of the most protective legal environments for rideshare companies in the country. Through a combination of state statutes and court rulings, survivors face unique obstacles that don't exist in states like California or Illinois. Three major legal barriers work together to shield Uber and Lyft from liability: Independent Contractor Status: Under Texas Occupations Code Chapter 2402, rideshare drivers are classified as independent contractors "for all purposes" if the company meets four specific criteria. This classification severs the traditional employer-employee relationship that would make companies responsible for their workers' actions. In the 2025 Acosta v. Uber case, a Texas appeals court ruled this statute effectively blocks vicarious liability claims against Uber for driver conduct. No Common Carrier Duty: In California, courts have ruled that Uber operates as a "common carrier" similar to airlines or trains, imposing the highest duty of care to protect passengers. Texas law explicitly rejects this theory. Texas Occupations Code § 2402. 002 states that TNCs "are not common carriers, contract carriers, or motor carriers. " This closes the door to non-delegable duty claims that have succeeded in other jurisdictions. The 2023 Gross Negligence Barrier: House Bill 1745, which took effect September 1, 2023, added Chapter 150E to the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. This law prevents TNCs from being held vicariously liable unless the plaintiff proves gross negligence by clear and convincing evidence and shows the company failed to meet its background check obligations. What Is the "Gross Negligence" Standard in Texas? Gross negligence is a much higher bar than ordinary negligence. To succeed, a survivor must prove two things: Objective Risk: The company's action or inaction involved an extreme degree of risk, considering the probability and magnitude of potential harm. Subjective Awareness: Uber or Lyft had actual, subjective knowledge of the risk but proceeded anyway with conscious indifference to the safety or welfare of passengers. This standard means it's not enough to argue that Uber "should have known" a driver was dangerous. Survivors must prove the company actually knew about specific risks (perhaps through prior assault reports about that driver) and deliberately chose to keep them on the platform. This evidence can be difficult to obtain without extensive discovery. What Legal Theories Can Succeed in Texas? Despite these obstacles, Texas law does not grant rideshare companies total immunity. The strongest... > Learn whether it is legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else's car in Texas, including criminal penalties, family law consequences, and defenses. - Published: 2026-01-24 - Modified: 2026-01-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-to-put-a-gps-tracker-on-someone-elses-car/ No. In most cases, it is not legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else's car in Texas. Under Texas Penal Code § 16. 06, knowingly installing a tracking device on a motor vehicle owned or leased by another person without their consent is a Class A misdemeanor. This charge can result in up to one year in county jail and fines up to $4,000. If you're caught tracking your spouse's vehicle during a divorce or custody dispute, the consequences extend far beyond criminal charges. What you thought might help your case could actually devastate it. What the Law Actually Says Texas Penal Code § 16. 06 makes it a criminal offense to knowingly install an electronic or mechanical tracking device on a vehicle that you do not own or lease. The statute covers GPS units, Bluetooth trackers like AirTags, and any device capable of transmitting location data. The offense applies when you install a tracker on someone else's vehicle without their effective consent. Even if you share a home or a marriage with the vehicle's owner, installing a hidden tracker on their car can still violate this law. A Class A misdemeanor is the most serious type of misdemeanor in Texas. A conviction means: Up to 1 year in the Tarrant County Jail or other county jail A fine up to $4,000 A permanent criminal record Potential restraining orders and protective orders What About Jointly Owned Vehicles? The law criminalizes installing a tracker on a vehicle "owned or leased by another person. " This creates ambiguity when the vehicle is jointly titled or purchased with community property funds during marriage. Many Texas prosecutors have taken the position that tracking a vehicle primarily used by your spouse, particularly during a separation, can still result in charges. This is especially true when temporary court orders grant one spouse exclusive use of a specific vehicle. Those orders effectively eliminate any claim of "effective consent. " At least one federal court addressing the issue of jointly owned vehicles in the context of GPS trackers disagreed that an arrest for one spouse installing a GPS tracker on a jointly owned vehicle would give rise to a civil suit for malicious prosecution. Even without explicit court orders, law enforcement and district attorneys frequently pursue charges against spouses who install trackers on the "family car" when the other spouse was the primary driver. The argument is straightforward: if you're hiding a tracker, you know the other person wouldn't consent to it. Defenses to Unlawful Installation of a Tracking Device Texas law provides several affirmative defenses that can defeat this charge: Consent. If the vehicle's owner or lessee gave you permission to install the device, you have a complete defense. This consent should be documented in writing whenever possible. Law enforcement cooperation. Installing a tracker while assisting law enforcement under proper authorization is a valid defense. Court order. If a court specifically authorized the tracking, the installation is lawful. Owner status. If you are the sole... > Injured in an ice-related car accident in Texas? Learn about liability, compensation, and how to protect your claim after an icy road accident. - Published: 2026-01-23 - Modified: 2026-01-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/icy-road-accidents/ Winter weather crashes in Texas may represent a small percentage of total annual collisions, but they result in a disproportionately high number of fatalities and serious injuries. The catastrophic 133-vehicle pileup on I-35W in Fort Worth in February 2021, which killed six people and injured dozens more, demonstrated just how deadly Texas ice can be. If someone else's negligence caused your accident, you have the right to pursue a claim. If you were injured in a car accident caused by icy roads in Texas, you may be entitled to compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Texas law still requires drivers to exercise reasonable care even in winter conditions, and the at-fault driver can be held responsible for the crash. In some cases, government entities, road operators, or commercial trucking companies may also share liability. Why Ice Accidents Are So Dangerous in Texas Texas drivers face unique challenges during winter weather events. Unlike states in the northern U. S. , Texas roads are not designed for ice, and most Texas drivers have limited experience handling frozen conditions. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation into the Fort Worth pileup revealed that catastrophic ice accidents are rarely caused by one factor alone. They result from a "perfect storm" of roadway physics, maintenance limitations, and driver behavior. The dangers are amplified by several factors specific to Texas. Speed limits remain high even as conditions deteriorate. Many drivers attempt to maintain normal highway speeds despite ice and snow. And the state's unpredictable weather means freezing conditions can develop suddenly, catching motorists off guard. The Physics Behind Texas Ice Accidents Understanding why ice forms where it does helps explain why these crashes are so devastating and who may be liable when they occur. The Bridge Phenomenon: Why Elevated Roads Freeze First Bridges, overpasses, and elevated ramps are the first roadways to freeze in Texas, often long before surface roads become dangerous. Unlike regular roads that are insulated by the earth beneath them, bridges lose heat from both the top and bottom surfaces. Cold air circulates above and below the structure, causing bridge temperatures to drop rapidly. During the 2021 Fort Worth crash, the area had experienced 36 consecutive hours of below-freezing temperatures. The elevated toll lanes became a sheet of ice while other roads remained passable. A driver may travel confidently on a wet but unfrozen highway, only to lose control instantly upon hitting a bridge deck. This physical reality creates liability questions when road operators fail to adequately warn drivers or treat elevated surfaces. View this post on Instagram A post shared by The Dallas Morning News (@dallasnews) Black Ice: The Invisible Killer Black ice is a thin, transparent layer of ice that forms on roadways and allows the pavement color to show through. This makes it look like a simple wet patch or shadow rather than a deadly hazard. Video evidence from the I-35W crash showed the road surface appeared "shiny and reflective," looking simply like wet pavement... > "Are We Dating the Same Guy?" isn’t just gossip. Texas courts use these posts in divorce, custody, defamation and criminal cases. Know your legal rights. - Published: 2026-01-16 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/are-we-dating-the-same-guy/ The Legal Implications of "Are We Dating the Same Guy? " "Are We Dating the Same Guy" (AWDTSG) started as a way for women to vet potential dates. It has become something far more legally significant. With over 8 million members across more than 200 cities, these private Facebook groups and the standalone app have evolved into platforms where reputations are made and destroyed, marriages unravel, and lawsuits are born. If you're going through a divorce in Texas, involved in a custody dispute, considering posting about someone, or just discovered you're the subject of a thread, you need to understand the legal landscape. What happens in these groups doesn't stay in these groups. It ends up in courtrooms, affects custody decisions, triggers defamation lawsuits, and sometimes leads to criminal charges. This guide covers every legal angle of AWDTSG from a Texas lawyer's perspective: using it as evidence in your divorce, the defamation risks of posting, what to do if you're posted about, and the criminal exposure that can arise from this platform. What AWDTSG Is and How It Works AWDTSG is a network of private, city‑based Facebook groups—and a newer companion app—where women share information about men they are dating or considering. The first group launched in New York City in 2022 and quickly grew into hundreds of city‑specific communities across the United States and abroad. What began with simple posts like “Is he actually single? ” has evolved into a broader venue for sharing allegations and personal accounts about men’s behavior. Members often post photos or dating app screenshots alongside questions or warnings, prompting others to respond with their own experiences, including claims of cheating, emotional abuse, or other serious misconduct. Multiple AWDTSG and AWDTSG‑style groups operate in Texas, including communities that cover the Dallas–Fort Worth metro area, Houston, Austin, and San Antonio and even small markets like San Angelo and Midland. Some operate under the official AWDTSG umbrella, while others use names like "Is This The Same Guy? " with varying levels of moderation. Texas AWDTSG Groups Group Name Areas Covered Estimated Members Notes Are We Dating The Same Guy? | Dallas / Fort Worth / DFW Dallas, Fort Worth, DFW Metroplex Tens of thousands Main official DFW group Are We Dating The Same Guy? | DFW (Secondary) Dallas, Fort Worth, DFW Metroplex Thousands Secondary/backup DFW group Is This The Same Guy? UNCENSORED – Dallas / Fort Worth / DFW Dallas, Fort Worth, DFW Metroplex Thousands Looser moderation; higher legal risk Are We Dating The Same Guy Dallas, All Of Texas, New York, Atlanta & L. A. Dallas, Statewide Texas, Multi-city Tens of thousands Multi-city coverage Is This The Same Guy? Houston, Austin & San Antonio Houston, Austin, San Antonio Tens of thousands Covers multiple major Texas metros Are We Dating The Same Guy Austin TX Edition Austin 8,500+ Austin-specific group Are We Dating The Same Guy? | SafeTea | San Angelo / Midland / TX San Angelo, Midland, West Texas Thousands West Texas coverage Note: These are... - Published: 2026-01-13 - Modified: 2026-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/reckless-driving/ Reckless driving in Texas is a misdemeanor offense that carries potential jail time, fines, and a permanent criminal record. Under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 401, a person commits this offense by driving a vehicle in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. If you've been charged, you need to understand what you're facing and how to fight back. Unlike a simple traffic ticket, reckless driving is a criminal charge. A conviction can follow you for years, affecting job opportunities, insurance rates, and even professional licenses. The good news? These charges can often be reduced or dismissed with the right defense strategy. What Counts as Reckless Driving in Texas? Texas law defines reckless driving broadly, giving officers significant discretion when making arrests. The key element prosecutors must prove is that you drove with "willful or wanton disregard" for safety. This is more than simple carelessness or negligence. It requires showing you consciously disregarded a known risk. Common behaviors that lead to reckless driving charges include excessive speeding (typically 25+ mph over the limit), weaving aggressively through traffic, racing on public roads, running multiple red lights or stop signs, and driving on sidewalks or shoulders to pass other vehicles. However, what one officer considers reckless, another might view as aggressive but not criminal. This subjectivity creates opportunities for an effective defense. Reckless driving is often charged alongside other offenses. Officers may add evading arrest if you failed to stop immediately, or upgrade the charge if alcohol was involved. Understanding the full scope of what you're facing is the first step toward building your defense. Penalties for Reckless Driving Under Texas law, reckless driving is a Hybrid Class B misdemeanor. The potential consequences include up to 30 days in county jail, fines up to $200, and a permanent criminal record. While these statutory penalties may seem relatively mild compared to other criminal offenses, the collateral consequences often prove far more damaging. It is referred to as a hybrid offense because it does not have the typical punishment range for a Class B misdemeanor. A reckless driving conviction will appear on both your criminal record and your driving record. Insurance companies typically raise rates significantly after a reckless driving conviction, often by 50% or more. Some employers, particularly those in transportation, logistics, or positions requiring driving, may refuse to hire someone with this offense on their record. For commercial driver's license (CDL) holders, the stakes are even higher. A reckless driving conviction in any vehicle can trigger CDL disqualification and jeopardize your livelihood. Similarly, professionals with licenses from state boards may face disciplinary action. If you're facing reckless driving charges, don't wait to get legal help. Schedule a free consultation with our criminal defense team at (817) 203-2220 to discuss your options. What to Expect for Bond If you're arrested for reckless driving in Texas, you'll need to post bond to secure your release. In our analysis of over 52,000 bonds set in Tarrant County, we found that the... > Interested in Texas bail bond disparities? See offense-by-offense bond data from our analysis of 238,000+ Texas bonds. - Published: 2026-01-12 - Modified: 2026-01-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-bail-bond-disparities/ Bail bond amounts in Texas depend heavily on where you're arrested. Our analysis of more than 238,000 bail bonds across five major Texas counties reveals that for the same offense, one county may set bond amounts several times higher than a neighboring county. Dallas County emerged as a outlier, with average bond amounts nearly five times higher than some neighboring jurisdictions. The data, drawn from public bail dashboards in Bexar, Collin, Dallas, Fort Bend, and Harris counties, paints a picture of a fragmented bail system. While reporting variations exist in any dataset of this size, the patterns are too pronounced to dismiss as statistical noise. How Much Does Bail Cost Across Texas Counties? Among the five major metropolitan counties analyzed, average bail amounts ranged from $14,203 in Bexar County to $42,752 in Dallas County. That means a defendant in Dallas faces average bond amounts roughly three times higher than someone arrested in San Antonio for the same type of offense. County Total Cases Average Bond Median Bond Bexar 54,647 $14,203 $4,000 Collin 11,334 $14,977 $3,000 Dallas 64,136 $42,752 $2,500 Fort Bend 10,241 $16,165 $3,000 Harris 45,519 $15,733 $3,000 The stark difference between average and median in Dallas tells an important story. Dallas's median bond was just $2,500, yet its average soared to $42,752. This gap indicates that while many defendants receive relatively low bonds, a significant number face extraordinarily high bond amounts that skew the average dramatically upward. Why Is Dallas County an Outlier for Bail Amounts? Dallas County sets bail amounts dramatically higher than its neighbors. The average bond in Dallas was nearly three times higher than Harris County (Houston) and almost three times higher than Collin County (Plano, McKinney). This disparity exists despite similar crime types and comparable population densities across these metropolitan areas. Our Dallas County bond data analysis of 64,136 cases from January through September 2025 reveals the scope of this discrepancy. The most common bond set in Dallas was just $500, yet extremely high bonds in serious cases pull the overall average to levels seen nowhere else in the state. For defendants, this means the county of arrest matters as much as the nature of the charge. If you're facing the same offense in Dallas versus Houston, you could be looking at a difference of tens of thousands of dollars to secure your release. How Do Drug Offense Bail Amounts Compare? Drug offenses represent the largest category of arrests leading to bond hearings across all counties studied. In Dallas County alone, 14,091 drug cases resulted in bond settings during the analysis period. The average bond for drug offenses in Dallas was $20,004, with $5,000 being the most commonly set amount. Here's how specific drug charges break down in Dallas County: Drug Offense Cases Average Bond Most Common Bond Possession CS PG 1 under 1 gram 5,062 $14,034 $5,000 Possession CS PG 1 (1-4 grams) 1,701 $17,564 $5,000 Possession Marijuana under 2 oz 1,480 $862 $500 Possession CS PG 2 under 1 gram 959 $6,315 $1,000... - Published: 2026-01-08 - Modified: 2026-01-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/odor-of-alcohol/ I've reviewed thousands of DWI reports in my career. The "odor of alcoholic beverage" appears in nearly every DWI police report in Texas, but it tells officers almost nothing about whether you're actually intoxicated. If you've been pulled over and the officer mentions smelling alcohol, you should understand exactly what this observation means for your case and what decisions you'll need to make in the moments ahead. Those decisions, including whether to consent to field sobriety tests and breath or blood testing, can dramatically impact your defense. At Varghese Summersett, our DWI lawyers have handled thousands of intoxication cases across Texas. We know how officers use the "odor of alcohol" to justify investigations, and we know how to challenge this evidence when it's used improperly. The short answer is this: the smell of alcohol on your breath does not prove impairment. It only proves consumption, which is perfectly legal for adults over 21. How Officers Use the Odor of Alcohol in DWI Investigations When a police officer pulls you over, they're looking for clues that might expand the traffic stop into a DWI investigation. The "odor of alcohol" is one of the first things they document because it helps build the legal foundation for everything that follows. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, DWI requires proof of intoxication, not merely proof that someone consumed alcohol. But officers know that documenting alcohol odor creates a paper trail that arguably sounds stronger than careful analysis proves. Here's what typically happens: After stopping your vehicle, the officer approaches your window and immediately notes whether they detect an alcohol odor, often noting it was "on breath" or "on person. " This observation goes straight into the report, often with subjective descriptors like "strong," "moderate," or "faint. " These terms have no scientific basis or standardized meaning. One officer's "strong" might be another officer's "moderate. " Yet this subjective observation becomes the first brick in the probable cause wall. Why Alcohol Odor Doesn't Prove Intoxication Most people don't realize that ethanol itself is nearly odorless. What people actually smell when they detect "alcohol on the breath" are congeners, the flavoring compounds and fermentation byproducts that give alcoholic beverages their distinctive tastes and smells. These include acetaldehyde, esters, fusel oils, hops, tannins, and grape compounds. This chemistry creates several fundamental problems with using odor as evidence: Odor doesn't correlate with blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Someone who drank two glasses of red wine might produce a much stronger odor than someone who consumed six vodka sodas with a significantly higher BAC. Odor doesn't indicate quantity consumed. A single craft beer with heavy hops will produce more odor than multiple shots of neutral spirits like vodka. Odor doesn't indicate timing. Alcohol can linger on the breath for hours after drinking stops, or "mouth alcohol" from recent consumption can create strong odor when systemic BAC is still rising or negligible. Texas courts have consistently held that the odor of alcohol alone is not sufficient for probable cause to... > See typical bond amounts for criminal charges in Tarrant County. Analysis of 52,000+ Tarrant County bonds for DWI, assault, drugs, theft & more. (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2026-01-05 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-bonds/ If you've been arrested in Fort Worth or anywhere in Tarrant County, one of your first questions is likely: How much will my bond be? The answer depends on the specific charge, your criminal history, and other factors the magistrate considers when setting bail. We analyzed over 52,000 Tarrant County bonds for the year of 2025 to write this article. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Worth criminal defense attorneys have helped thousands of clients navigate the Tarrant County criminal justice system. We've secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our four Texas offices. Below, we break down typical bond amounts by offense category so you can understand what you're facing and how an experienced defense lawyer can help. How Tarrant County Sets Bond Amounts When you're arrested in Tarrant County, a magistrate reviews your case and sets a bond amount. This typically happens within 24 to 48 hours of your arrest. The magistrate considers several factors, including the severity of the charge, your criminal history, whether you're a flight risk, and whether you pose a danger to the community. Tarrant County cases are processed through the Tim Curry Criminal Justice Center in downtown Fort Worth. The bond amount is designed to ensure you appear for court dates while balancing your constitutional right to reasonable bail. In some cases, defendants receive a personal bond (also called a PR bond), which means they're released without paying cash. Our analysis found that about 11. 5% of Tarrant County cases received personal bonds in 2025. Understanding bond categories helps put these numbers in perspective. Misdemeanor bonds are typically under $2,000, while felony bonds range from $3,000 to well over $100,000 depending on the severity. Capital felonies can carry bonds exceeding $1 million. Talk to a Fort Worth bail bonds lawyer if you need help understanding your options. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. DWI and Intoxication Offenses Driving while intoxicated is one of the most common charges in Tarrant County. In 2025, more than 6,000 DWI and intoxication-related bonds were set. The good news for first-time offenders is that bonds for standard DWI charges are relatively modest. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, a first DWI offense is a Class B misdemeanor. The most common bond set for first-offense DWI in Tarrant County is $500. If your blood alcohol concentration was 0. 15 or higher, the charge becomes a Class A misdemeanor under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04(d), and the typical bond increases to $1,000. Repeat offenses carry significantly higher bonds. A second DWI under Texas Penal Code § 49. 09(a) is a Class A misdemeanor with typical bonds around $1,500. A third or subsequent DWI becomes a third-degree felony, and bonds commonly reach $5,000 or higher. The average bond for felony DWI in Tarrant County was over $14,000 in 2025. DWI with a child passenger under 15 years old is a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code § 49. 045, with typical bonds around $1,500 to... > In this article, we discuss how we investigate truck crashes and use cutting edge technology to find out what really happened. - Published: 2026-01-04 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-we-investigate-truck-crashes/ When an 80,000-pound commercial truck causes a catastrophic crash, the difference between a successful claim and a denied one often comes down to evidence. At Varghese Summersett, we conduct aggressive, technology-driven investigations that go far beyond reviewing a police report. Modern commercial trucks leave behind a trail of digital breadcrumbs that can reveal exactly what happened, second by second, in the moments before impact. Trucking companies and their insurers begin protecting themselves within hours of a crash. They dispatch rapid response teams to secure evidence, download data, interview witnesses, and control the narrative. Without immediate action from a legal team that understands trucking technology, critical evidence can be lost, altered, or destroyed. We level the playing field by launching our own investigation just as quickly, using the same sophisticated tools and techniques. If you or a loved one was seriously injured in a truck accident anywhere in Texas, time is not on your side. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation with our truck accident lawyers. The Black Box: Event Data Recorders and Vehicle Modules At the heart of modern truck accident investigation is the Event Data Recorder, often called the vehicle's "black box. " While the term may evoke images of aviation disasters, this technology has been integrated into ground vehicles for decades. General Motors first implemented a form of EDR technology in 1974 and added pre-crash data recording capabilities in 1999. Today, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration defines an EDR as a device that records technical vehicle and occupant information for a brief period before, during, and after a crash. In commercial trucks, crash data is captured by a suite of interconnected electronic modules. Understanding what each module records is essential to building a complete picture of what happened. The Engine Control Module (ECM) continuously monitors and controls the engine's performance while logging critical operational data. This is often the primary source of crash-related information, but it tells only part of the story. The Airbag Control Module (ACM) records data specifically related to crash events, particularly when airbags deploy. The Power Train Control Module (PCM) manages the interaction between the engine and transmission. The Sensing and Diagnostic Module (SDM) detects and records information from various vehicle sensors throughout the truck. Together, these modules provide not only crash-event data but also Daily Engine Usage information, which offers a broader timeline of the driver's activities in the hours and days leading up to the collision. Our forensic experts know how to extract data from each of these systems to reconstruct a complete, second-by-second account of the truck's operation. What the Black Box Records The data captured by a truck's electronic modules can make or break a case. Each data point serves a specific evidentiary purpose in proving negligence. Vehicle speed data tells us exactly how fast the truck was traveling in the seconds before impact, determining whether speeding was a factor. Brake application data reveals whether and precisely when the driver applied the brakes, indicating reaction time and attempts... > Is gambling illegal in Texas? This article answer the question based on the current state of Texas law. - Published: 2026-01-04 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/is-gambling-illegal-in-texas/ Yes, most forms of gambling are illegal in Texas. Under Texas Penal Code Chapter 47, betting money or anything of value on games, contests, or sporting events is a criminal offense. The only narrow exceptions are the state lottery, pari-mutuel horse and greyhound racing, certain tribal gaming facilities, and regulated charitable bingo games and raffles. This means traditional casinos, sportsbooks, online poker for real money, and most mobile betting apps are not legal in Texas. What Types of Gambling Are Illegal in Texas? Texas takes a broad approach to criminalizing gambling. Under Texas Penal Code § 47. 02, a person commits the offense of gambling if they make a bet on the partial or final result of a game or contest, on the performance of a participant in a game or contest, or on a game of chance or skill. This language is intentionally expansive. This covers far more than just slot machines and blackjack tables. It includes placing bets on football games, playing poker for money with friends under certain conditions, betting on horse races outside approved tracks, using offshore sportsbook websites, and participating in private card games where someone takes a cut. Casino-style gambling is prohibited throughout the state except at limited tribal facilities. The law also targets the gambling ecosystem, not just individual bettors. Promoting gambling, keeping a gambling place, and possessing gambling equipment are all separate offenses with their own penalty ranges. A person who runs a home poker game and takes a rake from each pot faces more serious charges than someone who simply places a bet. Talk to a lawyer about your gambling charge. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Is Poker Illegal in Texas? The Skill vs. Chance Myth Pop culture has created a persistent urban legend that poker is exempt from gambling laws because it is a game of skill rather than chance. Movies like Rounders (1998) and Molly's Game (2017) dramatize the argument that skill-based games shouldn't be treated as gambling. Texas courtrooms do not see it that way. The legal question is not whether an activity is predominantly based on skill or chance. Under both Texas and federal law, gambling includes any game that contains some measure of chance. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals addressed this directly in United States v. Dicristina, specifically rejecting the argument that games involving meaningful skill are therefore exempt from gambling statutes. Federal law under 18 USC 1955 has consistently been applied to poker operations across the country. Texas Penal Code § 47. 02 uses the same logic. Because the outcome of any poker hand involves some element of chance — the cards dealt — it falls within the statute's reach. The presence of skill does not create a legal shield. Anyone operating or participating in a poker game for money in Texas should understand that this defense has repeatedly failed in court. Charged in connection with a poker game? Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Is Sports Betting Legal in Texas?... > We analyzed thousands of Tarrant County family law cases to identify trends in how divorce and family cases are resolved and how long they typically take. - Published: 2026-01-03 - Modified: 2026-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tarrant-county-family-law-cases/ Tarrant County processes more than 17,500 family law cases each year, making it one of the busiest family court systems in Texas. If you are facing divorce, a child custody dispute, a child support matter, or a protective order case, understanding how the Tarrant County family courts operate can help you prepare for what lies ahead. We took a deep dive into the Court Activity Reports maintained by the Texas Office of Court Administration and analyzed all the Tarrant County cases for 2025 that were reported as of January 3, 2026 to report on what you might expect if you have a family law matter filed in Tarrant County. Tarrant County Family Court at a Glance: 2025 Numbers The Tarrant County family court system achieved an exceptional 119. 4% clearance rate in 2025 by disposing of 20,995 cases while receiving 17,580 new filings. This means the courts not only kept pace with new cases but also cleared a significant backlog from previous years. Here are the key statistics that shaped the family law landscape in Tarrant County during 2025: New cases filed in 2025: 17,580 Cases disposed: 20,995 Clearance rate: 119. 4% Cases resolved within 6 months: 50. 2% Cases resolved within 3 months: 31. 8% For families going through difficult transitions, this means faster resolution times and less time waiting for answers about their futures. How Long Do Family Law Cases Take in Tarrant County? One of the first questions people ask when facing a family law matter is how long the process will take. The 2025 data provides clear answers about typical timelines in the Tarrant County family courts. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 702, a divorce cannot be finalized until at least 60 days after the petition is filed. This mandatory waiting period applies to all divorces in Texas. However, the actual time to disposition depends on the complexity of your case and whether it is contested. The 2025 resolution timeline for Tarrant County family cases shows the following breakdown: 3 months or less: 6,671 cases (31. 8%) 3 to 6 months: 3,863 cases (18. 4%) 6 to 12 months: 5,702 cases (27. 2%) 12 to 18 months: 2,668 cases (12. 7%) Over 18 months: 2,091 cases (10. 0%) More than half of all cases were resolved within six months. Only 10% of cases took longer than 18 months to reach a final resolution. Cases that stretch beyond a year typically involve contested custody disputes, complex property division, or parties who cannot reach agreement on key issues. Ready to discuss your family law matter with an experienced attorney? Call (817) 203-2220 to schedule a consultation with our Fort Worth family law team. Divorce Cases: The Largest Category in Tarrant County Family Court Divorce cases made up the largest share of the family court docket in 2025. Out of 17,580 total filings, 7,601 were divorce cases. That represents 43. 2% of all family law matters. The data reveals an interesting split between divorces with and without children:... > Varghese Summersett completed a statistical analysis of criminal cases filed in Texas between 2021 and 2025. - Published: 2025-12-31 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/statistical-analysis-of-criminal-cases/ A Statistical Analysis of Criminal Cases in Texas 2021-2025 A Deep Dive into Court Trends, Conviction Rates, and Case Outcomes in Five Major Counties At Varghese Summersett, we believe that understanding the criminal justice system—how it actually functions, not just how it's supposed to function—is essential for anyone facing charges in Texas. Our criminal defense attorneys defend clients in courtrooms across the state every day, and we know the difference between jurisdictions, courts, and prosecutors. This statistical analysis of criminal cases in Texas was designed to take an objective deep dive into publicly available datasets published by the Office of Court Administration and Texas A&M University along with the Public Policy Research Institute. This analysis examines data from Texas's five most populous counties: Harris (Houston), Dallas, Tarrant (Fort Worth), Bexar (San Antonio), and Collin (Plano/McKinney). We've analyzed court activity from January 2021 through November 2025, alongside indigent defense expenditure data from 2019 to 2023. What we found confirms what experienced defense attorneys already know: justice in Texas is highly localized. Conviction rates, case processing speeds, sentencing patterns, and resource allocation vary significantly from one jurisdiction to the next. For defendants, this means that where you're charged can be just as important as what you're charged with. Caseload and Backlog Dynamics (2021-2025) One of the most significant challenges facing Texas courts has been managing case backlogs—particularly those that accumulated during the pandemic. All five major counties have made substantial progress in reducing felony backlogs. The picture for misdemeanor courts, however, is more complicated. Felony Caseloads: A Story of Backlog Reduction Every county in our analysis successfully reduced its average pending felony caseload between 2021 and 2025. Harris County achieved the most dramatic reduction at 58. 7%, while Tarrant County reduced its felony backlog by 55. 8%. These reductions represent thousands of cases moving through the system. For defendants, this generally means shorter wait times between arrest and resolution—though as we'll explore later, speed isn't always beneficial. County 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 % Change Harris 12,881 11,048 9,512 8,431 7,998 -37. 9% Dallas 8,982 7,645 6,109 5,432 5,187 -42. 3% Tarrant 9,467 7,123 5,330 4,567 4,188 -55. 8% Bexar 5,892 5,678 5,401 5,311 5,220 -11. 4% Collin 3,559 2,890 2,145 1,987 1,898 -46. 7% Table 1: Average active felony cases by year Bexar County's relatively modest reduction (11. 4%) stands out. While Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, and Collin all cut their backlogs by 40% or more, Bexar's felony docket remained relatively stable throughout the period. Visit our practice area pages: Dallas Criminal Defense Lawyer, Fort Worth Criminal Defense Lawyer, Houston Criminal Defense Lawyer, Fort Bend Criminal Defense Lawyer, Denton County Criminal Defense Lawyer Misdemeanor Caseloads: A More Complex Picture The misdemeanor picture is more varied. While most counties reduced their backlogs—with Tarrant County achieving a remarkable 60% reduction—Dallas County's misdemeanor caseload actually grew by over 30% during this period. County 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 % Change Harris 41,921 33,109 25,432 21,876 20,016 -52. 2% Dallas 16,462 18,987 20,111 21,034 21,730 +32.... > Texas massage therapists can sue both clients and employers after sexual assault. Learn your legal rights, what evidence you need, and how to hold negligent companies accountable. Free consultation. - Published: 2025-12-29 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/massage-therapist-sue-for-sexual-assault-by-a-client/ Can a Massage Therapist Sue Their Employer After Being Sexually Assaulted by a Client? Yes, massage therapists in Texas can sue both the client who assaulted them and the company that employs them. If your employer knew about a client's inappropriate behavior and kept sending you into sessions with that person anyway, they may be legally responsible for failing to protect you. You do not have to accept sexual assault, groping, or indecent exposure as "part of the job. " At Varghese Summersett, our attorneys have fought for workers who were failed by employers more concerned with profits than safety. We understand that what happened to you was not your fault, and we know how to hold negligent companies accountable under Texas law. If you are a massage therapist who has been sexually assaulted or harassed by a client, call 817-203-2220 to speak with an attorney who will listen and explain your options at no cost. Why Massage Therapists Face Higher Risks of Sexual Assault Massage therapy involves physical touch, privacy, and vulnerability. Unfortunately, some clients exploit this environment to commit sexual offenses. According to the American Massage Therapy Association, more than half of all massage therapists report experiencing some form of harassment or inappropriate behavior from clients during their careers. The problem is widespread, and it is underreported because many therapists fear losing their jobs or being blamed for what happened. Common forms of client sexual misconduct include exposing genitals during a session, making sexual comments or requests, touching the therapist inappropriately, grabbing or groping during the massage, and refusing to stay properly draped. These are not misunderstandings. They are crimes under Texas law. When employers ignore complaints, refuse to ban problem clients, or pressure therapists to continue seeing people who have crossed boundaries, they become part of the problem. Texas law recognizes this and allows victims to seek compensation from both the individual attacker and the company that enabled the abuse. What Texas Law Says About Employer Responsibility for Client Misconduct Under both Texas state law and federal law (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act), employers have a legal duty to protect their employees from sexual harassment in the workplace. This duty extends to harassment committed by third parties, including customers and clients. The legal standard is straightforward. If an employer knows about harassment or assault by a client and fails to take prompt, appropriate corrective action, the employer can be held liable. "Corrective action" does not mean asking you to just deal with it. It means banning the client, refusing future bookings, or taking other meaningful steps to ensure you are never placed in danger again. Texas courts have consistently recognized that employers cannot hide behind the excuse that "it was a customer, not an employee. " The Texas Labor Code and the Texas Commission on Human Rights Act both provide protections for workers in these situations. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 123, victims of certain sexual offenses can also pursue civil remedies... > Can the police search without a warrant? If so, when and under what conditions? Are there limitations on warantless searches? - Published: 2025-12-24 - Modified: 2025-12-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/search-without-a-warrant/ Were You Searched Without a Warrant? Here's What You Need to Know If police searched your car, your home, or your person without your permission, you're probably wondering whether what they did was legal. The answer matters because evidence from an illegal search by police cannot be used against you in court. Under the Fourth Amendment and Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 38. 23, illegally obtained evidence must be thrown out, which can mean the difference between a conviction and a dismissal. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have successfully challenged unlawful searches in courts throughout Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, Fort Bend, and across Texas. We've seen firsthand how police sometimes cut corners, ignore constitutional protections, or pressure people into consenting to searches they had every right to refuse. If you believe your rights were violated, you need to act quickly. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation with a Board Certified criminal defense attorney. What Makes a Search by Police Illegal? A search becomes illegal when police violate your Fourth Amendment rights by searching without a valid warrant, without your consent, and without an applicable exception. The Fourth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution protects you from "unreasonable searches and seizures" and requires that warrants be supported by probable cause. In Texas, these protections go even further. Article I, Section 9 of the Texas Constitution provides similar safeguards, and Texas courts have historically interpreted these protections broadly in favor of defendants. This means evidence that might be admissible in federal court could still be suppressed in a Texas state court. A search is generally illegal when: Police searched without a warrant and no exception applied The warrant was based on false or misleading information Police exceeded the scope of a valid warrant Your consent was coerced or not truly voluntary Police lacked reasonable suspicion to detain you in the first place What Are Your Fourth Amendment Rights During a Police Encounter? Your Fourth Amendment rights protect you from government intrusion into areas where you have a "reasonable expectation of privacy. " This includes your home (which receives the highest protection), your vehicle, your personal belongings, and your body. Understanding these rights can help you recognize when police have crossed the line. You have the right to refuse a search. If an officer asks, "Do you mind if I look around? " you can say no. Police often ask because they know they lack legal grounds to search without permission. Saying yes waives your constitutional protection. Saying no preserves your rights and any future legal challenges. You also have the right to remain silent. You must provide identification if asked during a lawful detention in Texas, but you don't have to answer questions about where you're going, what you're doing, or whether you have anything illegal. Politely but firmly stating "I don't consent to searches" and "I'm exercising my right to remain silent" protects you without escalating the situation. When Can Police Search Without a Warrant? While the... > Lost a loved one to a drunk driver in Fort Bend County? Learn about Wrongful Death Claim After a Drunk Driving Death in Fort Bend County. - Published: 2025-12-24 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/fort-bend/wrongful-death-drunk-driving/ Can You File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit After a Drunk Driving Death in Fort Bend County? Yes. If you lost a loved one to a drunk driver in Fort Bend County, you have the legal right to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the person who killed them. This civil claim is completely separate from any criminal charges the driver may face. Even if the driver is charged with intoxication manslaughter, you can still pursue financial compensation for your family's devastating loss. A wrongful death lawsuit allows surviving family members to hold the drunk driver financially accountable. In some cases, you may also have claims against bars, restaurants, or social hosts who served alcohol to the driver before the crash. These civil cases can provide compensation for funeral costs, lost income, and the profound grief of losing someone you love. We understand that no amount of money can bring back your loved one. But a wrongful death claim can ease the financial burden your family now faces and ensure the person responsible is held accountable beyond what the criminal justice system provides. If your family is grieving after a drunk driving death in Fort Bend County, our attorneys can help you understand your legal options. Call us today for a free consultation. The Prosecutor Is Not Your Attorney This is one of the most important things families need to understand after losing a loved one to a drunk driver. When the Fort Bend County District Attorney's Office files intoxication manslaughter charges, they are not representing you. They represent the State of Texas. The prosecutor's job is to prove the defendant broke the law and to seek punishment on behalf of society. Their goal is a conviction, not compensation for your family. They are not required to consult you about plea deals. They don't have to take the case to trial if you want them to. They don't owe you updates or explanations. You are a witness in their case, not their client. This can feel deeply frustrating. You may want the prosecutor to fight harder, reject a plea offer, or pursue maximum penalties. But you have no control over those decisions. The criminal justice system was designed to punish wrongdoing and protect the public. It was not designed to make victims whole. What the Criminal Case Cannot Do for You Even if the drunk driver is convicted of intoxication manslaughter and sentenced to 20 years in prison, the criminal case will not: Pay for your loved one's funeral Replace the income your family depended on Compensate you for your grief, trauma, or loss of companionship Cover the medical bills from your loved one's final hours Provide financial security for children who lost a parent Restitution is sometimes ordered in criminal cases, but it's limited to direct, documented expenses and is notoriously difficult to collect. It comes nowhere close to the full compensation available through a civil wrongful death lawsuit. A wrongful death lawsuit is your case. You control it. You... > Learn what reasonable suspicion means in Texas and how the 2025 Hernandez ruling protects drivers from unlawful stops. Find out when police can legally pull you over. - Published: 2025-12-21 - Modified: 2025-12-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/reasonable-suspicion/ What Is Reasonable Suspicion in Texas? Reasonable suspicion is the legal standard police must meet before they can pull you over or temporarily detain you. It requires more than a hunch or gut feeling. Officers must point to specific, articulable facts that suggest criminal activity is happening. Without it, the stop is unconstitutional, and any evidence gathered can be thrown out of court. On December 19, 2025, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals reminded law enforcement of this rule in Hernandez v. State. The court threw out a conviction because an officer stopped a driver without reasonable suspicion, despite the stop having been upheld at the trial and intermediate court level. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have built careers challenging unlawful stops in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and courts across Texas. If you were stopped, searched, or arrested after a traffic stop you believe was illegal, call us at (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. The Legal Definition of Reasonable Suspicion The Fourth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution and Article I, Section 9 of the Texas Constitution protect you from unreasonable searches and seizures. A traffic stop counts as a "seizure" under the law. That means police need a valid legal reason to pull you over. Reasonable suspicion sits between a mere hunch and probable cause (the higher standard needed for an arrest). To meet this standard, an officer must identify specific facts that, combined with rational inferences from their training and experience, suggest criminal activity is occurring or about to occur. The U. S. Supreme Court established this standard in Terry v. Ohio (1968), and Texas courts have applied it consistently ever since. The key word is "specific. " Officers cannot rely on vague feelings or generalized suspicions. They must be able to explain exactly what facts made them believe a crime was happening. What Counts as Reasonable Suspicion for a Traffic Stop Texas courts have recognized several situations where reasonable suspicion exists: Traffic violations: Speeding, running a red light, failing to signal, expired registration, or broken taillights give officers clear grounds to stop you. Erratic driving: Weaving between lanes, driving significantly below the speed limit on a highway, or other behavior consistent with impairment can justify a stop. Reliable witness reports: A detailed, corroborated tip describing specific criminal activity and a particular vehicle may support reasonable suspicion. Plain view observations: If an officer sees contraband or evidence of a crime through your window while lawfully positioned, this can justify further action. Matching a suspect description: If you closely match a detailed description from a recent crime report in the immediate area, officers may have grounds to stop you briefly. What Does NOT Count as Reasonable Suspicion Just as important is knowing what police cannot use to justify a stop: Driving in a "high crime" area: Your presence in a particular neighborhood, standing alone, is not reasonable suspicion. Looking nervous: Many innocent people feel anxious around police. Nervousness alone cannot justify a stop. Driving slowly: Unless... > Minimum Car Insurance Texas is 30/60/25 liability coverage: $30,000 for bodily injury per person, $60,000 for bodily injury per accident, and $25,000 for property damage per accident. - Published: 2025-12-21 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/minimum-car-insurance-texas/ Texas Auto Insurance Requirements Texas law requires all drivers to carry minimum liability insurance, but here's what most people don't realize until it's too late: the state minimum of 30/60/25 often leaves accident victims tens of thousands of dollars short of covering their actual losses. If you've been seriously injured by an underinsured driver, or you're wondering whether your own coverage will protect your family, understanding these numbers could be the most important financial decision you make this year. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys have seen countless clients suffer devastating injuries only to discover the at-fault driver carried the bare minimum coverage. We've also helped clients navigate the complex process of recovering compensation through their own underinsured motorist policies. This guide explains what Texas requires, why it's not enough, and how to actually protect yourself. If you've been injured in a car accident and are dealing with insurance issues, call our team at (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Minimum Car Insurance Texas Under Texas Transportation Code § 601. 072, every driver must carry liability insurance with at least these minimum limits: $30,000 for bodily injury per person $60,000 for total bodily injury per accident (when multiple people are hurt) $25,000 for property damage per accident This is commonly written as "30/60/25" coverage. You'll see it on your insurance declarations page and in policy documents. Texas has required this coverage since 2008, when the minimums increased from the previous 20/40/15 standard. These amounts represent the maximum your liability insurance will pay if you cause an accident that injures someone else or damages their property. Once you hit that ceiling, you're personally responsible for any remaining costs. What Does Liability Coverage Actually Pay For? Liability coverage protects other people when you're at fault in an accident. It pays for the other driver's medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and vehicle repairs. It does not pay for your own injuries or damage to your own car. Here's how those limits work in practice. Say you run a red light and hit another vehicle. The other driver breaks her leg and needs surgery. Her medical bills total $45,000, she misses six weeks of work ($8,000 in lost wages), and her car is totaled ($20,000). Her damages exceed $73,000. Your 30/60/25 policy would pay $30,000 toward her injury claim and $20,000 for her car (assuming that was her actual value). She's still $23,000 short on her medical bills alone, not counting pain and suffering or lost wages. That remaining amount? She can sue you personally for it. Your savings, your house, your future wages could all be at risk. Why Texas Minimum Coverage Is Dangerously Inadequate The 30/60/25 minimum was set in 2008. It hasn't changed since, despite medical costs rising dramatically. According to the Health Care Cost Institute, average emergency room visits now cost over $2,000. A single night in the hospital averages more than $3,000. Serious injuries requiring surgery, rehabilitation, or long-term care can easily exceed $100,000. Our attorneys... > A gap in treatment is any delay or break in medical care after an accident. Learn how insurers use it to challenge and deny valid personal injury claims. - Published: 2025-12-17 - Modified: 2025-12-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-gap-in-treatment/ What Is a Gap in Treatment After a Car Accident? A gap in treatment is any delay between your accident and your first doctor visit, or a pause in your ongoing medical care. Insurance companies use these gaps to argue you weren't really hurt, and it's one of the fastest ways to destroy a legitimate personal injury claim. If you've been in a car accident in Texas and haven't seen a doctor yet, or you stopped going to appointments, your claim may already be losing value by the day. The good news: an experienced personal injury attorney can often help explain or close that gap, but only if you act quickly. If you're dealing with a gap in treatment and worried about your claim, call Varghese Summersett at (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. We've helped thousands of Texans recover compensation even when insurance companies tried to use gaps against them. Why "I Feel Fine" Is the Most Dangerous Thing You Can Say You walked away from the crash. You're sore, maybe a little shaken, but nothing feels broken. You figure you'll see how you feel in a few days. This is exactly what insurance companies are counting on. Here's what's actually happening in your body: Immediately after a collision, your system floods with adrenaline and endorphins. This is your "fight or flight" response, and it effectively numbs your pain sensors. You might have a herniated disc, torn ligaments, or even internal bleeding, but your brain won't register it as pain for 24 to 72 hours. Soft tissue injuries are particularly deceptive. Whiplash, muscle strains, and ligament tears involve microscopic damage that doesn't show up on X-rays. As inflammation builds over three to five days, the pain often gets worse, not better. By the time you realize something is seriously wrong, you've already created a gap that the insurance adjuster will use against you. In one recent case, our attorneys represented a client who felt "just stiff" after a rear-end collision on I-30 in Fort Worth. She waited six days to see a doctor. By then, her neck pain had become severe. The insurance company's first offer was 60% lower than what her injuries warranted, and their adjuster argued repeatedly that she must not have been hurt badly since she didn't seek immediate care. Our team had to fight significantly harder to recover fair compensation for her, documenting the medical reasons for delayed symptom onset and bringing in expert testimony about soft tissue injury patterns. The lesson: what feels minor today can become a major problem, both physically and legally. The Timeline: When Insurance Companies Start Cutting Your Claim Value There's no Texas statute that says "your claim loses 40% after two weeks. " But after handling thousands of personal injury cases across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and throughout Texas, our attorneys have seen clear patterns in how adjusters evaluate gaps. 0 to 72 Hours: The Golden Window This is considered "immediate" treatment. When you see a doctor within three... > Business valuation in divorce determines what your company is worth so the court can divide marital assets fairly. Here's what you need to know in Texas. - Published: 2025-12-16 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/business-valuation-in-divorce/ How Business Valuation Works in Texas Divorce Cases Business valuation in divorce determines what your company is worth so the court can divide marital assets fairly. If you or your spouse owns a business, that ownership interest will likely be subject to division, and getting the valuation right can mean the difference between keeping your company intact or watching years of hard work get split unfairly. At Varghese Summersett, our family law attorneys have handled complex property divisions involving businesses ranging from single-member LLCs to multi-million dollar enterprises. We understand that your business isn't just an asset on a spreadsheet. It's your livelihood, your legacy, and often your family's primary source of income. Is Your Business Community or Separate Property in Texas? Before anyone can value your business, the court must first decide how much of it belongs to the marriage. Texas is a community property state, which means most assets acquired during the marriage belong equally to both spouses, regardless of whose name is on the paperwork. Under Texas Family Code § 3. 003, property owned before marriage is separate property. But here's where it gets complicated: if your separate property business increased in value during the marriage because of your time, effort, and skill, that growth may be considered community property. Texas courts call this "active appreciation. " If you worked 60-hour weeks building your company while your spouse managed the household and raised your children, the value you created through that effort likely belongs to both of you. On the other hand, "passive appreciation" stays separate. If your business grew simply because the market improved or your industry expanded, that increase typically remains yours alone. Questions That Determine Characterization Courts look at several factors when deciding how to characterize a business: When did you start or acquire the business? A company started before marriage is separate property at its core. What was the business worth on your wedding day? This baseline matters tremendously. How was growth funded? If community income was reinvested into a separate property business, some of that value may now be community property. Did your spouse contribute? Contributions don't have to be direct. A spouse who handled all domestic responsibilities so you could focus on the business may have a claim to the appreciation. What Valuation Standard Do Texas Courts Use? Texas divorce courts use "fair market value" as the standard for valuing businesses. This means the price a hypothetical willing buyer would pay a hypothetical willing seller in an arm's length transaction, where neither party is under pressure to buy or sell. This standard matters because it's different from "investment value," which considers what the business is worth to you specifically. Your company might be worth more to you because of your relationships, your skills, or your plans for the future. But the court doesn't care about that. They want to know what a stranger would pay for it. The Discount Debate One of the most contested issues in business valuation is whether... - Published: 2025-12-16 - Modified: 2026-01-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/anonymous-google-review/ You can now leave an anonymous Google review using a nickname instead of your real name. If you've wanted to share your experience with Varghese Summersett but hesitated because of privacy concerns, this guide shows you exactly how to leave a Google review without your name attached. Can You Leave an Anonymous Google Review? Yes. As of November 2025, Google allows users to leave an anonymous Google review by creating a custom display name and profile picture. This means you can post a review as "Satisfied Client" or any pseudonym you choose instead of your legal name. Technically, this is pseudonymity rather than full anonymity. Google still connects your review to your account internally. But the public, including friends, family, employers, and anyone searching your name, will only see the nickname you selected. Your real identity stays private. Why Google Now Allows Anonymous Reviews Google recognized that many people with genuine experiences were staying silent because they didn't want their name publicly attached to certain services. This was especially true for people who used attorneys, doctors, therapists, and other professionals in sensitive fields. The anonymous review feature solves this problem. You can now share honest feedback and help others find good representation without broadcasting your personal legal matters to the world. How to Leave an Anonymous Google Review Follow these steps to set up your custom display name before leaving an anonymous review on Google. Step 1: Open Google Maps App Open the Google Maps app on your phone. Make sure you're signed into the Google account you want to use for the review. As of the time of publication, this works on non-business gmail accounts. Step 2: Access Your Profile Inside the Google Maps app, tap your profile picture or initial in the top right corner. Select "Your profile" from the menu that appears. Step 3: Edit Your Profile Settings Tap "Edit profile" to access your public profile settings. Look for the option labeled "Use a custom name and picture for posting. " Step 4: Create Your Alias Toggle on the custom name option. Enter the display name you want to appear on your reviews. This can be a nickname, initials, or something generic like "Texas Client" or "Fort Worth Resident. " You can also choose a different profile picture or avatar. Step 5: Save and Leave Your Review Save your changes. Now search for "Varghese Summersett" in Google Maps, select our business profile, and tap "Write a review. " Your review will appear under your chosen alias, not your real name. Video Walkthrough for Leaving an Anonymous Google Review What If You Don't See the Alias Option? Google announced this feature in November 2025 and is rolling it out gradually. If you don't see the "Use a custom name and picture for posting" toggle yet, try these steps: First, make sure your Google Maps app is updated to the latest version. Check the App Store or Google Play Store for updates. Second, try accessing your profile through the... > Yes, you can sue a public school for sexual abuse in Texas, but your legal options depend heavily on when the abuse occurred. Find out why. - Published: 2025-12-15 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-sue-a-public-school-for-sexual-abuse-in-texas/ Can You Sue a Public School for Sexual Abuse in Texas? Yes, you can sue a Texas public school for sexual abuse, but your legal options depend heavily on when the abuse occurred. For abuse happening on or after September 1, 2025, House Bill 4623 created a new state-law cause of action that waives governmental immunity and allows victims to hold school districts directly accountable. For abuse before that date, Texas law generally barred state-law negligence claims against public school districts because of sovereign immunity, though victims could still sue individual employees personally and pursue federal claims under Title IX or 42 U. S. C. § 1983, which carry much higher evidentiary burdens. This distinction matters enormously. For decades, Texas public schools hid behind sovereign immunity while students suffered at the hands of predatory employees. That changed with HB 4623, the most significant waiver of governmental immunity for Texas public schools since 1969. If you or your child has experienced sexual abuse at school, understanding these different legal pathways is the first step toward justice. Why Sovereign Immunity Made These Cases So Difficult Sovereign immunity is a legal doctrine that prevents citizens from suing the government without its consent. In Texas, this protection extended to school districts, shielding them from most civil lawsuits regardless of how negligent their conduct might have been. The practical effect was devastating for abuse victims. A teacher could sexually assault a student, and even if the school district knew about prior complaints, ignored red flags during hiring, or failed to supervise the employee, the district faced no financial consequences. Victims could pursue criminal charges against the individual perpetrator or sue the employee personally, but recovering meaningful compensation from someone without significant assets or insurance proved nearly impossible. This immunity extended to school administrators and employees through a related doctrine called official immunity, which protected government workers from personal liability for discretionary acts performed within the scope of their employment. Combined, these protections created a system where the institutions best positioned to prevent abuse faced no accountability when they failed to do so. Legal Options Before September 1, 2025 For sexual abuse that occurred before September 1, 2025, victims generally could not pursue state-law negligence claims against Texas public school districts because governmental immunity shielded those entities from liability. However, federal civil rights claims under Title IX and 42 U. S. C. § 1983 remained available, and state-law intentional tort claims could still be brought against individual employees or against private schools, which were never immune. Title IX Claims Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination in federally funded education programs. Courts have interpreted this to include sexual harassment and abuse by school employees. To hold a school district liable under Title IX, a victim must prove two elements: Actual Notice: An official with authority to address the situation had actual knowledge of the abuse or substantial risk of abuse. Rumors among staff or complaints to teachers without supervisory authority typically do... > Injured in a Fort Worth motorcycle crash? Call now for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth motorcycle accident lawyer. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-12-13 - Modified: 2025-12-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-motorcycle-accident-lawyer/ Finding the Right Fort Worth Motorcycle Accident Lawyer If you've been injured in a motorcycle accident in Fort Worth, you should contact an experienced motorcycle accident lawyer immediately. Texas's modified comparative negligence rule (the "51% bar") means insurance companies will aggressively try to assign you more fault to reduce or eliminate your compensation. An attorney can protect your rights, preserve evidence, and fight the anti-motorcyclist bias that often influences these cases. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys have represented injured riders across the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex and understand the unique challenges motorcyclists face after a crash. We know that a motorcycle accident isn't just a legal matter. It's a life-altering event that can affect your health, your income, and your family's future. Why Motorcycle Accidents in Fort Worth Are So Serious Motorcycle crashes are fundamentally different from car accidents. With no protective frame, airbags, or seatbelt system, riders absorb the full force of impact. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, motorcyclists are roughly 24 times more likely to die in a collision than occupants of passenger vehicles. The statistics are sobering. In 2024, Texas recorded 585 motorcycle fatalities and 2,534 serious injuries. That's an average of one motorcyclist dying every single day on Texas roads. Worse, fatal crashes involving motorcycles at intersections increased by 21% between 2022 and 2023, and overall motorcycle fatalities have risen every year since 2019. Fort Worth's rapid growth has created new hazards for riders. The intersection of Interstate 35W and Interstate 30, the heavily trafficked Camp Bowie Boulevard corridor, and the expanding roadways in northwest Fort Worth near the Texas Motor Speedway all present elevated risks for motorcyclists navigating alongside distracted or inattentive drivers. What Causes Motorcycle Accidents in the Dallas-Fort Worth Area? Most motorcycle crashes aren't caused by reckless riding. They're caused by other drivers who fail to see motorcyclists or misjudge their speed and distance. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that in 76% of motorcycle accidents involving two or more vehicles, the motorcycle was struck from the front, indicating the other driver simply didn't see the bike. The most common causes our attorneys see in Fort Worth motorcycle cases include: Left-turn collisions. These occur when a driver turns left at an intersection without noticing an oncoming motorcycle. One-third of all motorcycle fatalities in Texas happen at intersections, making this the single deadliest scenario for riders. Lane-change accidents. Motorcycles can disappear in a car's blind spot. When drivers change lanes without properly checking, they can sideswipe a rider or force them off the road entirely. Rear-end collisions. What might be a fender-bender between two cars can be catastrophic for a motorcyclist stopped at a red light. Without a protective structure, even low-speed rear impacts can throw riders from their bikes. Door strikes. In urban areas of Fort Worth, parked drivers opening doors without checking for oncoming motorcycles create sudden, unavoidable obstacles. These "dooring" incidents can eject riders at full speed. Road hazards. Potholes, debris, uneven pavement, and railroad crossings pose... > More middle-aged women are being arrested than ever before for shoplifting in Texas. Find out why. Here's what you need to know about the "midlife checkout crisis." - Published: 2025-12-12 - Modified: 2025-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/midlife-checkout-crisis/ Why Middle-Aged Women Are Getting Caught Shoplifting in Texas More middle-aged women are facing shoplifting charges in Texas than ever before, and the reasons go far deeper than simple greed or opportunity. Criminologists, psychologists, and criminal defense attorneys are increasingly recognizing a pattern so distinct it warrants its own name: the Midlife Checkout Crisis. This phenomenon describes the convergence of financial pressure, psychological stress, hormonal changes, life transitions, and the rise of self-checkout technology that is pushing women who never imagined themselves as "criminals" into Texas courtrooms. While data shows that young people (ages 18-24) still shoplift the most, there's been a notable rise in first-time offenders among a demographic that previously rarely appeared in theft statistics: suburban mothers, professional women, and middle-income earners in their 40s, 50s, and beyond. Understanding the Midlife Checkout Crisis isn't just academically interesting. It's essential for building an effective legal defense. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys use this knowledge to help clients avoid convictions, protect their careers, and get the help they actually need. What Is the Midlife Checkout Crisis? The Midlife Checkout Crisis describes a pattern where women in their 40s, 50s, and 60s, often with no prior criminal history, stable careers, and families, begin engaging in shoplifting behavior. Unlike traditional theft motivated by financial necessity or intent to resell, these women are typically driven by a complex mix of psychological factors, economic rationalization, and opportunity created by self-checkout technology. Criminologist Professor Emmeline Taylor of City, University of London has studied this demographic extensively, coining the term SWIPERS (Seemingly Well-Intentioned Patrons Engaged in Regular Shoplifting) to describe the pattern. But that clinical acronym doesn't capture the full picture. The Midlife Checkout Crisis recognizes that this behavior often emerges at a specific inflection point in women's lives, when multiple pressures converge and the impersonal nature of self-checkout provides both opportunity and psychological cover. The Perception vs. The Reality: Is There Really a "Surge"? Media coverage of the Midlife Checkout Crisis has exploded in recent years. But what does the data actually show? According to survey data from Express Legal Funding, the 35-44 age group has the highest percentage of people who admit to having shoplifted at least once (25%), followed by the 25-34 and 55+ age groups (both at 20%). Women are slightly more likely than men to report past shoplifting (43% vs 37%). However, when researchers ask about likelihood of shoplifting in the future, the 18-24 age group leads by a significant margin, and that likelihood decreases with age. So what explains the apparent rise in middle-aged women being caught? The answer lies in several converging factors: a general increase in retail theft overall (up approximately 93% since 2019 according to the National Retail Federation), the explosion of self-checkout technology, and a dramatic rise in first-time offenders among demographics that previously didn't steal. The Midlife Checkout Crisis represents this new reality. The Five Drivers of the Midlife Checkout Crisis Through our experience defending hundreds of shoplifting cases across Texas, and drawing... > Is lane splitting legal in Texas? No, it's illegal. Texas law bans motorcyclists from riding between lanes. Find out how lane splitting affects accident claims. - Published: 2025-12-12 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-lane-splitting-legal-in-texas/ Is Lane Splitting Legal in Texas? No, lane splitting is illegal in Texas. Since September 1, 2023, Texas Transportation Code § 545. 0605 explicitly prohibits motorcyclists from riding between lanes of traffic or passing vehicles while sharing the same lane. Governor Greg Abbott signed House Bill 4122 into law in June 2023, ending years of legal ambiguity around this practice in the Lone Star State. With that said, if you were injured in a motorcycle accident while lane splitting, or if another driver hit you and is now blaming lane splitting, don't assume your case is hopeless. Texas uses a modified comparative fault system, meaning you may still recover compensation even if you share some responsibility for the crash. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys have helped motorcycle accident victims across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and throughout Texas recover the money they need to move forward with their lives. What Is Lane Splitting? Lane splitting occurs when a motorcyclist rides between two lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. You've likely seen this on congested highways, where a motorcycle weaves between cars sitting in bumper-to-bumper traffic. Riders sometimes call this practice "white-lining" or "stripe-riding" because the motorcycle travels along the lane divider markings. Lane splitting differs from two related practices: Lane filtering happens when a motorcyclist moves between stopped vehicles, typically at a red light, to reach the front of the line. While some states allow this at low speeds, Texas prohibits it. Lane sharing is when two motorcycles ride side by side in the same lane. This practice remains legal in Texas under Transportation Code § 545. 0605(a)(2), as long as both riders agree and they don't impede traffic. Why Texas Banned Lane Splitting Before 2023, Texas law didn't specifically address lane splitting. The practice existed in a legal gray area where officers used their discretion to cite riders under broader traffic laws like reckless driving or improper lane usage. House Bill 4122 eliminated that uncertainty. Texas lawmakers cited several safety concerns when passing the ban. Most Texas drivers don't expect motorcycles between lanes, which increases collision risk. Texas highways often have narrower lanes than states where lane splitting is permitted, like California. The state's varying weather conditions, including sudden rain and occasional ice, create additional hazards for motorcyclists maneuvering in tight spaces. Research on lane splitting safety remains mixed. A UC Berkeley study of California accidents found that lane splitting at moderate speeds appeared no more dangerous than remaining in traffic. However, Texas legislators determined that the risks outweighed potential benefits given the state's road conditions and driver expectations. Penalties for Lane Splitting in Texas Motorcyclists caught lane splitting in Texas face several potential consequences. The most common is a traffic citation with fines typically ranging from $175 to $300, depending on the county. Repeat violations or lane splitting at high speeds could result in reckless driving charges, which carry fines up to $200, possible license suspension, and even jail time for severe offenses. Beyond immediate... > If you experienced sexual abuse during a massage, you’re not alone. Learn what steps to take, how to report misconduct, and how to get legal help. - Published: 2025-12-09 - Modified: 2025-12-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sexual-abuse-during-a-massage/ Sexual Abuse During a Massage: Do I Have a Lawsuit in Texas? Yes, if a massage therapist sexually touched you in Texas, you likely have grounds for a civil lawsuit. Texas law allows victims of sexual misconduct to sue the therapist personally, the spa or clinic that employed them, and in some cases, the franchise or corporate owner. You may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, therapy costs, lost wages, and pain and suffering. What happened to you was not your fault. A massage therapy session requires trust. You were in a vulnerable position, and someone violated that trust in one of the worst ways possible. Texas law takes this seriously, and you have legal options to hold the responsible parties accountable and recover compensation for what you've been through. At Varghese Summersett, our personal injury attorneys have helped sexual assault survivors pursue justice through the civil court system. We understand how difficult it is to come forward, and we handle these cases with the discretion and compassion you deserve. What Should You Do If a Massage Therapist Touches You Inappropriately? If a massage therapist sexually touched you, your first priority is your safety and wellbeing. Here's what to do: Leave immediately. While you can report it to management immediately, you are not required to. You do not owe anyone an explanation. Trust your instincts. If something felt wrong, it was wrong. Don't go back. Instead, contact law enforcement and then an attorney. Preserve evidence. If you are reading this immediately after, do not shower or change clothes. Take photos of any visible injuries. Write down exactly what happened while the details are fresh, including the therapist's name, the business name, and the date and time. Seek medical attention. Go to an emergency room or your doctor. Medical records create documentation that can support your case later. Report to law enforcement. Filing a police report creates an official record. You can do this even if you're unsure about pressing criminal charges. The report itself helps establish what happened. File a complaint with TDLR. The Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation oversees massage therapists. Filing a complaint can result in the therapist losing their license and prevent them from harming others. This is also something your attorney can help you with. Contact a personal injury attorney. A civil lawsuit is separate from any criminal case. You can pursue compensation even if the prosecutor decides not to file charges, or if the criminal case doesn't result in a conviction. What Is Considered Sexual Misconduct from a Massage Therapist? Under Texas law and TDLR regulations, massage therapists must maintain strict professional boundaries. Sexual misconduct includes any sexual contact during a massage therapy session, whether or not the client "consented" at the time. Texas recognizes that the power imbalance in a therapeutic relationship makes true consent impossible. Conduct that may support a civil lawsuit includes: Touching of breasts, genitals, or buttocks without a legitimate therapeutic purpose. Legitimate massage therapy does not require contact... > It's important to know a defendant's criminal history in a wrongful death case. It can help prove negligence, establish liability, and significantly increase compensation. - Published: 2025-12-08 - Modified: 2025-12-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/criminal-history-in-a-wrongful-death-case/ Can a Defendant's Criminal History Be Used in a Texas Wrongful Death Case Involving Intoxication? Yes. When someone kills another person while intoxicated, their criminal history can be powerful evidence in a civil wrongful death lawsuit. A prior DWI conviction, a pattern of reckless behavior, or even the criminal charges from the fatal crash itself can help prove negligence, establish liability, and significantly increase the compensation a jury awards. In Texas, civil and criminal cases operate on separate tracks with different standards of proof. But they often overlap in meaningful ways. A criminal conviction for intoxication manslaughter doesn't just send someone to prison. The civil case can help a grieving family hold that person financially accountable for destroying their loved one's life. Understanding criminal history in a wrongful death case can be critical to holding negligent individuals and businesses accountable. How a Criminal Conviction Proves Negligence in Civil Court To win a wrongful death lawsuit in Texas, you must prove the defendant acted negligently. Negligence means the person failed to act with reasonable care, and that failure caused someone's death. When the defendant has already been convicted of a crime related to the death, proving negligence becomes much easier. Texas recognizes a legal doctrine called "negligence per se. " Under this rule, if someone violates a statute designed to protect public safety, and that violation causes harm, the person is automatically considered negligent. Driving while intoxicated violates Texas Penal Code § 49. 04. This law exists specifically to protect the public from impaired drivers. So when a drunk driver kills someone and is convicted of intoxication manslaughter under Texas Penal Code § 49. 08, that conviction is one way to establish negligence in the civil case. Even without a conviction, criminal charges and evidence from the criminal case can be used in civil proceedings. Blood alcohol test results, witness statements, accident reconstruction reports, and police body camera footage all become available to wrongful death attorneys through discovery. What Is Negligent Entrustment Under Texas Law? Negligent entrustment is a legal theory that holds people liable when they give a dangerous instrument to someone they know (or should know) is likely to cause harm. In intoxication death cases, this doctrine often expands liability beyond just the drunk driver. Under Texas law, negligent entrustment requires proving four elements: the owner entrusted the vehicle to someone, that person was an incompetent or reckless driver, the owner knew or should have known about the risk, and the driver's negligence caused the death. Criminal history becomes critical here. If an employer lets an employee drive a company vehicle despite knowing that employee has two prior DWI convictions, the employer can be held liable for negligent entrustment. The employee's criminal record is direct evidence that the employer knew (or should have known) about the risk. Other parties who may face negligent entrustment claims include car rental companies that rent to people with suspended licenses, parents who let children with DWI histories borrow their vehicles, and friends who... > What is commingling of funds in marriage? What happens to commingled property in divorce? Here's what you need to know in Texas. - Published: 2025-12-08 - Modified: 2026-02-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/commingling-of-funds-in-marriage/ What Is Commingling of Funds in Marriage? Commingling occurs when one spouse mixes separate property with community property, making it difficult or impossible to distinguish between the two. In Texas, a community property state, commingled assets are presumed to belong to both spouses equally. This presumption can significantly impact property division during divorce, potentially costing you assets you believed were yours alone. Understanding how commingling works under Texas law is essential for protecting your financial interests, whether you're currently married, considering marriage, or facing divorce. https://youtu. be/hIhd-bRg02k How Texas Defines Separate vs. Community Property Before examining commingling, you need to understand how Texas classifies marital property. Under Texas Family Code § 3. 001, separate property includes assets owned before marriage, gifts received during marriage, inheritances, and personal injury settlements (except for lost wages). Everything else acquired during marriage is community property under Texas Family Code § 3. 002. Texas Family Code § 3. 003 establishes a critical presumption: all property possessed by either spouse during or at dissolution of marriage is presumed to be community property. This means if you cannot prove an asset is separate property by clear and convincing evidence, Texas courts will treat it as belonging to both spouses. This presumption is where commingling becomes dangerous. Once separate property loses its identity through mixing with community funds, proving ownership becomes extremely difficult. Common Ways Spouses Accidentally Commingle Funds Most commingling happens unintentionally. Couples rarely think about property classification during happy times, and routine financial decisions can have lasting legal consequences. Depositing Inheritance Into Joint Accounts Perhaps the most common commingling scenario involves inheritance money. You receive $100,000 from a deceased parent's estate. The inheritance qualifies as separate property under Texas law. But if you deposit those funds into a joint checking account used for household expenses, you've likely commingled them. As community funds flow in and out of the account, tracing the original inheritance becomes complicated or impossible. Using Separate Property for Marital Expenses Paying the mortgage, buying groceries, or covering utility bills with separate property funds creates commingling issues. Each time separate funds mix with community expenses, the character of those funds becomes harder to establish. Adding Your Spouse to a Premarital Asset Adding your spouse's name to a house, car, or bank account you owned before marriage raises questions about whether you intended to make a gift to the community. Texas courts will examine the circumstances, but this action often transforms separate property into community property. Improving Separate Property With Community Funds Using marital income to renovate a house one spouse owned before marriage creates a complex situation. The house itself may remain separate property, but the community may acquire a reimbursement claim for the funds contributed during marriage. Business Income Mixing If you owned a business before marriage, the business itself remains separate property. However, income generated during the marriage is community property. When that income flows through the same accounts as business capital, commingling occurs rapidly. Legal Consequences of Commingling in Texas Divorce... > Find out how mediation in amicable divorces empowers Texas couples to settle property, custody, and financial issues efficiently. - Published: 2025-12-08 - Modified: 2026-02-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mediation-in-amicable-divorces/ How Mediation Helps Texas Couples Divorce Amicably Mediation allows divorcing couples in Texas to negotiate the terms of their separation, making mediation in amicable divorces a powerful tool for smoother resolutions. With the help of a neutral third party, the process often results in faster resolutions, lower costs, and far less emotional damage than courtroom litigation. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 602, courts can order mediation in any divorce case, and many Texas judges require it before they will schedule a trial. For couples willing to work together, mediation offers a path to ending a marriage without destroying the relationship entirely. The process puts you and your spouse in control of the outcome rather than leaving major life decisions to a judge who met you an hour ago. Property division, child custody, spousal support, and every other issue on the table can be resolved through guided negotiation. When it works, both parties walk away with an agreement they helped create, which typically means higher compliance and fewer post-divorce conflicts. What Is Divorce Mediation Under Texas Law? In Texas, mediation in amicable divorces is recognized as a highly effective alternative to courtroom litigation. Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) recognized under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Chapter 154. A trained mediator facilitates discussions between spouses, helping them identify issues, explore options, and reach agreements without going to trial. The mediator does not make decisions for you. They don't determine who's right or wrong, and they can't force either party to accept terms. Their role is to keep communication productive, help both sides understand each other's positions, and guide negotiations toward resolution. Texas courts strongly favor mediation. In Tarrant, Dallas, Denton, and most counties, family courts routinely order couples to attempt mediation before setting a case for trial. The reasoning is simple: mediated agreements tend to stick, while court-imposed orders often lead to modification battles and enforcement disputes. A mediated settlement agreement (MSA) in Texas carries significant legal weight. Under Texas Family Code § 153. 0071, an MSA that meets statutory requirements is binding and cannot be set aside except in very limited circumstances, such as fraud, duress, or coercion. Once signed, the agreement becomes the foundation of your final divorce decree. Related: Denton County Divorce Lawyer The Mediation Process in Texas Divorces Understanding how mediation in amicable divorces works can help reduce stress and set realistic expectations. While every session varies based on the mediator's style and the complexity of your case, most Texas divorce mediations follow a predictable structure. Before Mediation Begins Preparation starts weeks before your session. Both parties must complete financial disclosures, gather documents on income, assets, debts, retirement accounts, and property. If children are involved, you'll need information on their schools, medical needs, extracurricular activities, and current custody arrangements. Your attorney will help you identify your priorities. What matters most? What can you compromise on? Walking into mediation without clear goals often leads to poor outcomes or stalled negotiations. The Day of... > No two divorces are this same. This guide walks you through how to get a divorce in Texas - from the initial filing to the final decree. - Published: 2025-12-04 - Modified: 2025-12-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-get-a-divorce-in-texas/ How to Get a Divorce in Texas: A Step-by-Step Guide To get a divorce in Texas, you must meet residency requirements, file an Original Petition for Divorce with your local district court, serve your spouse with legal notice, and wait at least 60 days before a judge can finalize the divorce. Texas allows no-fault divorces based on "insupportability," meaning you don't need to prove your spouse did anything wrong to end the marriage. While the basic framework sounds straightforward on paper, the reality involves navigating a maze of procedural requirements, strategic decisions, and potential pitfalls that can have lasting consequences for your finances, your relationship with your children, and your future stability. Whether your divorce is amicable or contested, every choice you make — from how you file to what you ask for — can dramatically affect the outcome. This guide walks you through everything you need to know about getting a divorce in Texas, from the initial filing to the final decree. https://youtu. be/9sfQRGU-HK4 Texas Divorce Residency Requirements Before you can file for divorce in Texas, you must satisfy specific residency requirements under Texas Family Code § 6. 301. At least one spouse must have lived in Texas for a continuous period of six months immediately before filing. Additionally, at least one spouse must have been a resident of the county where the divorce will be filed for at least 90 days prior to filing. These requirements exist to establish that Texas courts have proper jurisdiction over your case—and jurisdiction matters more than most people realize. Filing in the wrong county can result in your case being dismissed, costing you time, money, and the strategic advantage of timing. If you recently moved to Texas or relocated between counties, calculating your exact residency dates becomes critical. Courts won't overlook procedural defects, and opposing counsel won't hesitate to exploit them. Military families have some flexibility here. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 303, service members stationed outside Texas, and their accompanying spouses, can count their time away as residency in Texas for divorce purposes. However, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act adds additional layers of protection and complexity that can affect timelines and procedures in ways that catch civilians off guard. Grounds for Divorce in Texas Texas recognizes seven legal grounds for divorce, divided into no-fault and fault-based categories. The ground you choose isn't merely a formality—it's a strategic decision that can affect property division, spousal support, custody arrangements, and even how the other side approaches negotiations. Choosing wrong can weaken your position; choosing wisely can provide leverage you didn't know you had. No-Fault Grounds Insupportability is by far the most common ground for divorce in Texas. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, a court may grant a divorce if the marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict of personalities that destroys the legitimate ends of the marital relationship and prevents any reasonable expectation of reconciliation. In plain terms, you're saying the marriage is broken beyond repair. Neither spouse... > Listcrawler arrests in Texas are becoming more frequent as sting operations become a favored tool by law enforcement agencies. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2025-12-03 - Modified: 2026-06-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/listcrawler-arrests-in-texas/ Listcrawler Arrests in Texas: What Happens in a Sting Operation If you responded to an ad on Listcrawler and found yourself arrested by undercover officers, you're facing a state jail felony under Texas Penal Code § 43. 021. Texas became the first state in the nation to make solicitation of prostitution a felony offense, meaning even a first-time arrest can result in 180 days to 2 years in state jail, fines up to $10,000, and a permanent criminal record. Law enforcement agencies across Texas, particularly in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and surrounding cities, conduct Listcrawler sting operations with startling regularity. Police post fake ads on Listcrawler and similar platforms, initiate conversations with people who respond, and arrange "dates" at hotels. When you arrive, and an agreement to pay for sexual services is confirmed, officers move in. The entire operation is designed to capture evidence of your intent, and most people have no idea they're walking into a law enforcement trap until the handcuffs come out. In this article, the experienced criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain how these stings work, what legal consequences you could face, and what defenses may be available if you've been arrested in a Listcrawler operation in Texas. What Is Listcrawler? How Do Police Use It for Sting Operations? Listcrawler is a website that aggregates listings from various adult classifieds sources, including Cheepo's List and Escort Babylon. The platform allows users to browse ads for escort services organized by city and category. While browsing Listcrawler itself isn't illegal, the activities arranged through it often are, and law enforcement knows this. Texas law enforcement agencies have shifted their prostitution enforcement from street corners to online platforms. Undercover officers now spend their shifts browsing dating sites, escort directories, and classified ad forums like Listcrawler, looking for potential targets. They may text or call between 100 to 200 individuals during a single eight-hour operation. Here's how a typical Listcrawler sting operation works: Ad Placement: Undercover officers post ads on Listcrawler posing as escorts or sex workers, often using suggestive photos and descriptions to attract responses. Initial Contact: When someone responds to the ad, the undercover officer engages in conversation, typically via text message or phone call. Agreement: The officer guides the conversation toward an explicit agreement to exchange money for sexual services. Under Texas law, this agreement alone completes the offense. Meetup: A meeting location is arranged, usually at a hotel room that has been outfitted with cameras and recording equipment. Arrest: When the target arrives and confirms the agreement (sometimes by showing cash or condoms), officers move in for the arrest. In some cases, arrests occur even before the person reaches the meeting location if the intent to commit an illegal act is clear from the recorded communications. Which Texas Law Enforcement Agencies Conduct Listcrawler Stings? Listcrawler sting operations are not limited to big-city police departments. Agencies of all sizes across Texas now participate in these operations, often in collaboration with federal partners. The scale and coordination... > There are eight Denton County divorce courts, all located at 1450 E. McKinney Street in Denton, Texas. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2025-12-03 - Modified: 2025-12-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/denton-county-divorce-courts/ Which Courts Handle Divorce Cases in Denton County? Denton County divorces are heard in eight district courts, all located in the Denton County Courts Building at 1450 E. McKinney Street in Denton, Texas. The 362nd, 367th, 393rd, 431st, 442nd, 462nd, 467th, and 481st District Courts all regularly preside over divorce cases, custody disputes, modifications, and enforcement actions. While the 393rd District Court is statutorily required to give preference to family law matters, any of these courts may be assigned your case. Understanding which judge will hear your divorce and how that court operates can significantly impact your experience. Each Denton County divorce court follows county-wide standing orders, but the judges bring different backgrounds, courtroom styles, and scheduling practices that experienced family law attorneys know to anticipate. How Divorce Cases Are Assigned in Denton County When you file for divorce in Denton County, your case is randomly assigned to one of the district courts with family law jurisdiction. You do not get to choose your judge. The assignment happens at the District Clerk's office, and once made, your case will typically stay with that court unless transferred for administrative reasons. A standing order automatically takes effect the moment your divorce or suit affecting the parent-child relationship (SAPCR) is filed. This standing order governs conduct regarding children and property, prohibiting actions like hiding assets, disparaging the other parent in front of children, or removing kids from the jurisdiction without court approval. Violating these orders can result in contempt findings and damage your credibility with the judge. Several Denton County divorce courts also use standardized family law scheduling orders and discovery control plans. These documents set firm deadlines for financial disclosures, inventory and appraisement filings, expert designations, and trial preparation. Missing these deadlines can result in sanctions or exclusion of evidence, so treating them seriously from day one matters. Denton County Courts Building: Location, Parking, and What to Expect All eight district courts hearing Denton County divorces sit in the same building: Denton County Courts Building 1450 E. McKinney Street Denton, Texas 76209 The building operates Monday through Friday, 8:00 a. m. to 5:00 p. m. , though individual courts may schedule dockets earlier or later. Security screening occurs at the ground floor entrance. Leave phones, keys, and metal objects ready to place in bins to move through efficiently. Free surface parking surrounds the Courts Building, with additional county lots nearby. Accessible parking spaces are located close to the main entrances. For overflow situations, free public lots and time-limited street parking exist within walking distance of the courthouse and downtown Denton square. Plan to arrive 20 to 30 minutes before your scheduled hearing. This buffer accounts for parking, security, locating the correct courtroom, and checking in with the bailiff or your attorney. The District Clerk's office on the lower floors handles filings and copies if you need last-minute documents. Electronic boards and posted dockets list each day's courtroom assignments. Denton County Divorce Courts & Judges Knowing your judge's background and preferences helps you... > Can you get early release from DWI probation in Texas? The easy answer is, it depends. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2025-12-02 - Modified: 2025-12-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/early-release-from-dwi-probation/ Can You Get Early Release from DWI Probation in Texas? If you were convicted of DWI and placed on straight probation, the short answer is no. Texas law explicitly prohibits early termination of probation for intoxication offenses under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A. 701(g)(1). However, if you received deferred adjudication for your DWI, early release may be possible at the judge's discretion. There are also options to reduce your burden mid-probation, including non-reporting status and interlock removal at the halfway point. Understanding the distinction between these two types of probation is critical. The path you're on determines what relief is available and when you can pursue it. This article breaks down the statutory framework, explains what options exist at different stages of your supervision, and identifies strategies that may help you complete your DWI probation with less disruption to your life. Why DWI Probation Cannot Be Terminated Early Under Texas Law Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A. 701 grants judges broad authority to reduce or terminate community supervision for most offenses. Under subsection (a), a judge may consider early termination after a defendant completes one-third of their probation term or two years, whichever is less. Under subsection (b), the judge is required to review the defendant's record at the halfway point or two years, whichever is greater, and consider whether termination is appropriate. These provisions do not apply to DWI cases. Article 42A. 701(g)(1) states explicitly: "This article does not apply to a defendant convicted of an offense under Sections 49. 04-49. 08, Penal Code. " That range covers driving while intoxicated, flying while intoxicated, boating while intoxicated, intoxication assault, and intoxication manslaughter. The Legislature decided that anyone convicted of an intoxication offense must serve their full probation term, regardless of how well they comply with conditions. This means that if you pleaded guilty or were found guilty at trial and received straight probation for DWI, you will remain on supervision until your term expires. A first-offense misdemeanor DWI typically carries 12 to 24 months of probation under Article 42A. 053(f). Felony DWI probation can extend from two to ten years. There is no statutory mechanism to shorten that timeline after a conviction. The Exception: Deferred Adjudication for DWI Deferred adjudication operates differently because it is not a conviction. When a judge grants deferred adjudication, they accept your guilty or no-contest plea but defer the finding of guilt. If you successfully complete all conditions, the case is dismissed rather than resulting in a permanent conviction on your record. Because deferred adjudication is technically not a conviction, the prohibition in Article 42A. 701(g) may not apply. Early termination of deferred adjudication is governed by a separate statute: Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 42A. 111. Subsection (b) states that a judge "may dismiss the proceedings and discharge a defendant before the expiration of the period of deferred adjudication community supervision if, in the judge's opinion, the best interest of society and the defendant will be served. This gives... > Are Divorce Rates Higher Around the Holidays? Do the holidays have any bearing on divorce rates? Here is what the data shows. - Published: 2025-12-01 - Modified: 2025-12-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/are-divorce-rates-higher-around-the-holidays/ Are Divorce Rates Higher Around the Holidays? Yes, divorce filings in Texas increase significantly following the holiday season, with January through March seeing the highest spike. While divorce filings actually drop by about 50% during November and December, they surge dramatically once the new year begins. A landmark University of Washington study found that divorce filings rise by approximately 33% between December and March, with the actual peak occurring in March rather than January. For Texans contemplating divorce, understanding this pattern can help you plan strategically, protect your interests, and navigate the process with realistic expectations about timing and logistics. What the Research Shows: The January Divorce Phenomenon The connection between holidays and divorce isn't just anecdotal. Texas family law practitioners report that January and August are the most common months for divorce filings, with January seeing a clear jump immediately after the winter holidays. Several Texas firms note that November and December are among the slowest months for new divorce filings, confirming that people often "wait out" the holidays before taking action. Family law attorneys nationwide report a 25% to 30% increase in divorce inquiries every January. The University of Washington study, conducted by Associate Professor Julie Brines and doctoral candidate Brian Serafini, analyzed divorce filings across multiple states from 2001 to 2015 and confirmed these patterns are consistent and statistically significant. The researchers weren't initially looking for seasonal patterns. They set out to study how the recession affected marital stability. But as they analyzed the data, a striking pattern emerged that was, according to Brines, "very robust from year to year, and very robust across counties. " The study found that filings consistently drop during major winter and summer holidays, then surge afterward. The study found two distinct peaks each year: Early Spring (March/April): The highest annual peak, following the winter holidays. In King County, Washington, for example, the average number of divorce filings jumped from 430 in December to 520 in March. Late Summer (August/September): A secondary peak following summer vacations, with filings rising about 30%. This pattern held true across states with vastly different demographics and economic conditions, including Ohio, Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. The consistency suggests that these patterns are driven by cultural and psychological factors rather than regional economic conditions. The bottom line for Texas: National and regional data, combined with Texas practitioner experience, confirms that divorce filings are generally lower around the holidays themselves (November through December) and significantly higher immediately after, especially January through March. While the stress of the holidays is a commonly cited trigger, the actual filing activity shows up in the post-holiday window, not during the holidays. Why Do Divorce Filings Spike After the Holidays? The holiday season creates what researchers call a "domestic ritual calendar" that governs family behavior. Winter and summer holidays are considered culturally sacred times when filing for divorce feels inappropriate, even taboo. As Brines explained, no one wants to be "the jerk who ruined Christmas for everyone. " Several factors combine to make post-holiday... > A dismissal with prejudice terminates a case permanently, preventing the same claims from being refiled against the same defendant. Learn more. - Published: 2025-11-26 - Modified: 2025-12-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/dismissal-with-prejudice/ What Does Dismissal with Prejudice Mean? A dismissal with prejudice is a court order that terminates a case permanently, preventing the same claims from being refiled against the same defendant. In Texas courts, this type of dismissal acts as a final judgment on the merits, meaning the prosecutor or plaintiff cannot bring the identical case again under any circumstances. For defendants facing criminal charges or civil lawsuits, securing a dismissal with prejudice represents the best possible outcome short of a not guilty verdict. The distinction between dismissal with prejudice and dismissal without prejudice determines whether you walk away free from future prosecution or litigation on the same matter. A dismissal without prejudice allows the case to be refiled before the statute of limitations expires, leaving you vulnerable to facing the same charges or claims again. How Dismissal with Prejudice Works in Texas Criminal Cases In criminal proceedings, a dismissal with prejudice provides absolute protection under the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Once a Texas criminal case receives this dismissal, prosecutors cannot refile the charges, even if new evidence emerges. Texas criminal courts can dismiss cases with prejudice under several circumstances. Article 32A. 02 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure establishes the framework for dismissals, though it doesn't use the "with prejudice" terminology explicitly. Instead, Texas courts apply constitutional protections and case law precedent to determine when refiling is barred. Speedy Trial Violations When prosecutors fail to bring a defendant to trial within the timeframes required by Texas law, judges may dismiss charges with prejudice. Article 32A. 01 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure guarantees defendants the right to a speedy trial. For misdemeanors, defendants must generally be brought to trial within specific timeframes based on the offense level and detention status. If the state violates these rights through intentional delay or gross negligence, rather than simple administrative oversight, the dismissal becomes permanent. The key factor is whether the prosecution's delay was deliberate or caused actual prejudice to the defendant's ability to mount a defense. Prosecutorial Misconduct Serious prosecutorial violations can warrant dismissal with prejudice in Texas courts. This includes destroying exculpatory evidence, intentionally withholding Brady material (evidence favorable to the accused), or engaging in deliberate discovery violations that compromise the defendant's right to a fair trial. Texas appellate courts have upheld dismissals with prejudice when prosecutors acted in bad faith or when the misconduct was so egregious that no other remedy would protect the defendant's constitutional rights. A simple procedural error won't typically result in this outcome. The misconduct must fundamentally undermine the integrity of the proceedings. Double Jeopardy Protection If jeopardy has already attached in a criminal case, any subsequent dismissal operates as a dismissal with prejudice under constitutional law. Jeopardy attaches in a jury trial when the jury is sworn. In a bench trial before a judge, jeopardy attaches when the first witness is sworn. Once jeopardy attaches, if the judge grants a defense motion to dismiss based on insufficient evidence or grants a... > Is your spouse cheating? Here are 15 warning signs of infidelity. Learn how Texas courts handle adultery in divorce. If you're asking, is my spouse cheating... - Published: 2025-11-26 - Modified: 2025-11-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/is-my-spouse-cheating/ If you're asking yourself whether your spouse is cheating, your instincts are likely picking up on real changes in your relationship. While no single behavior proves infidelity, certain patterns of secrecy, emotional distance, and unexplained changes often indicate a partner is hiding something significant. Recognizing these signs early can help you protect yourself emotionally, financially, and legally if your marriage is heading toward divorce. Infidelity affects more than just the relationship. In Texas, adultery remains a fault ground for divorce under Texas Family Code § 6. 003, and proving it can significantly impact property division and spousal maintenance decisions. Understanding what you're dealing with is the first step toward making informed decisions about your future. Why Recognizing the Signs Matters in Texas Texas courts can consider adultery when dividing the marital estate. A spouse who committed adultery may receive a smaller share of community property, and the faithful spouse may have stronger grounds for spousal maintenance. Beyond the legal implications, knowing the truth allows you to plan your next steps with clarity rather than suspicion. The signs below don't guarantee infidelity. Some may have innocent explanations. But when multiple signs appear together, or when your spouse's explanations don't add up, it's time to pay closer attention and consider your options. The 15 Telltale Signs Your Spouse May Be Cheating 1. Sudden Phone Secrecy A spouse who once left their phone on the kitchen counter now carries it everywhere, including to the bathroom. They've added new passcodes, changed existing ones, or angle the screen away when texting. Phone calls get taken in another room, and they're visibly startled if you walk in during a conversation. This shift from openness to secrecy often signals hidden communication. While everyone deserves some privacy, a dramatic change in phone behavior typically means something has changed in what's being communicated. 2. Unexplained Schedule Changes Suddenly, your spouse has more work trips, late nights at the office, or weekend obligations that never existed before. Their schedule becomes vague or constantly shifting. When you ask for details, answers are evasive or inconsistent with what they've said previously. Affairs require time, and that time has to come from somewhere. Watch for patterns where new "commitments" conveniently explain absences that coincide with decreased intimacy or engagement at home. 3. Emotional Distance and Withdrawal Your spouse seems mentally elsewhere. Conversations feel superficial. They no longer share details about their day or ask about yours. The emotional intimacy that once defined your relationship has faded, replaced by coexisting rather than connecting. Emotional affairs often precede or accompany physical ones. When someone invests emotional energy in another person, they withdraw it from their spouse. You feel this as a wall between you that wasn't there before. 4. Changes in Intimacy Patterns Physical intimacy may decrease dramatically, with your spouse showing little interest and avoiding situations that might lead to closeness. Alternatively, some cheating spouses become more sexually attentive out of guilt or because their affair has increased their overall libido. Either extreme, when... > Cryptocurrency investment fraud is a complex federal white-collar crime. Contact an experienced federal defensse attorney for a consultation today. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-11-21 - Modified: 2025-11-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal/cryptocurrency-investment-fraud/ Federal Cryptocurrency Investment Fraud Allegations Federal prosecutors increasingly charge cryptocurrency investment schemes as wire fraud and securities violations, using decades-old statutes to prosecute modern digital asset crimes. These cases follow established fraud prosecution frameworks rather than novel legal theories, but they present unique evidentiary challenges that make them distinct from traditional investment fraud cases. Understanding how federal authorities approach crypto fraud charges matters whether you're operating a cryptocurrency business, investing in digital assets, or facing investigation. The line between a failed crypto venture and federal criminal charges often depends on proving what you knew and intended at specific moments in time. In this article, the federal criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summerset explain the common charges in crypto investment fraud cases, what prosecutors must prove and possible defenses. The Primary Federal Charges in Crypto Investment Cases Prosecutors charge cryptocurrency investment fraud using three main statutes that predate blockchain technology by decades. Wire Fraud Under 18 U. S. C. § 1343 Wire fraud serves as the workhorse charge in federal crypto cases. The statute requires prosecutors to prove you knowingly participated in a scheme to defraud someone of money or property using interstate wire communications. In cryptocurrency cases, "wire communications" includes emails, text messages, phone calls, website transactions, and blockchain transfers. Each fraudulent communication constitutes a separate wire fraud count, which is why indictments in crypto cases often include dozens of charges. A single investment scheme involving 30 victims who each received fraudulent emails could generate 30 separate wire fraud counts, each carrying up to 20 years in federal prison. The government must prove specific intent to defraud, not merely that your business failed or that investors lost money. This intent element creates the primary battleground in crypto fraud trials. Conspiracy to Commit Wire Fraud Under 18 U. S. C. § 1349 Conspiracy charges require proof that two or more people agreed to commit wire fraud and that at least one person took an action in furtherance of the conspiracy. In cryptocurrency operations, conspiracy charges typically name founders, officers, and sometimes technical personnel who helped operate the scheme. Conspiracy charges are particularly powerful for prosecutors because they allow broader admission of evidence, including statements and actions by co-conspirators that might otherwise be inadmissible hearsay. Once prosecutors establish a conspiracy existed, anything any co-conspirator said or did in furtherance of the conspiracy can be used against all defendants. Securities Fraud Charges The Securities and Exchange Commission often files civil securities fraud charges parallel to DOJ criminal prosecutions. Under securities laws, many cryptocurrency investment arrangements qualify as securities offerings requiring registration with the SEC. Operating an unregistered securities offering, even without fraud, violates federal law. When fraud accompanies an unregistered offering, prosecutors can charge violations of securities statutes alongside wire fraud charges. This dual-track enforcement increases pressure on defendants to cooperate or plead guilty. Why Crypto Fraud Cases Aren't Actually Novel Despite involving cutting-edge technology, federal crypto fraud prosecutions follow the same legal framework as mail fraud cases from the 1800s. Courts consistently... > Passenger train accidents involving DART or TRE can be devastating. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Texas personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2025-11-20 - Modified: 2025-11-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/passenger-train-accidents/ Our Texas Passenger Train Accidents Lawyers Explains Liability When DART or TRE Trains Hit Vehicles When a DART or TRE train hits a vehicle in Texas, liability depends on whether the government-owned transit authority, the driver of the vehicle, or a third party was negligent. Because DART and Trinity Metro are governmental entities, they have limited sovereign immunity protections that affect how and when you can sue them. Our passenger train accidents lawyers at Varghese Summersett can help you navigate these complex immunity rules and determine who bears responsibility for your collision. Passenger train accidents in the Dallas-Fort Worth area typically involve either Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) light rail and commuter trains or the Trinity Railway Express (TRE). Unlike private freight railroads, these systems operate under public transit authorities with specific legal protections that make pursuing compensation more complicated. Understanding who owns these systems and what that means for your injury claim is essential to recovering damages. In this article, the personal injury lawyers explain common accident scenarios, sovereign immunity, proving negligence and what you should do if you or a loved one was injured in a passenger train accident in Texas. Who Owns DART and the Trinity Railway Express? Dallas Area Rapid Transit is a governmental entity created under Texas Transportation Code Chapter 452. DART operates light rail lines throughout Dallas and surrounding cities, plus bus service and a portion of the Trinity Railway Express. The agency is governed by a board of directors appointed by member cities and funded through sales tax revenue from participating municipalities. Trinity Metro (formerly Fort Worth Transportation Authority) is a separate governmental entity that operates transit services in Tarrant County. Trinity Metro and DART jointly own and operate the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail line connecting Dallas and Fort Worth. Trinity Metro also operates TEXRail, a 27-mile commuter rail line connecting downtown Fort Worth to DFW Airport Terminal B. This governmental ownership structure creates significant legal differences compared to accidents involving private freight railroads like Union Pacific or BNSF. When you're hit by a train operated by a governmental entity, sovereign immunity laws affect your ability to sue and recover damages. Other Passenger Rail Systems in Texas Texas has several other government-operated passenger rail systems where the same liability principles apply. The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (Houston METRO) operates METRORail, a 22. 7-mile light rail system serving the Houston area with approximately 42,000 riders per weekday. Like DART and Trinity Metro, Houston METRO is a governmental entity created by the Texas Legislature in 1973, making it subject to the same sovereign immunity protections and damage caps under the Texas Tort Claims Act. Capital Metro (CapMetro) operates the MetroRail Red Line in Austin, a 32-mile commuter rail service between downtown Austin and Leander with about 1,800 riders per weekday. CapMetro is also a governmental entity under Texas Transportation Code Chapter 451. Austin voters approved funding in 2020 for a light rail expansion that will add approximately 10 miles of new service... > Determing who is at fault in a driverless car accident can be complicated. If you or a loved one has been injured, call 817-203-2220 today for a free consultation. - Published: 2025-11-19 - Modified: 2025-11-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/who-is-at-fault-in-a-driverless-car-accident/ Determining fault in a driverless car accident is more complex than traditional crashes because liability can fall on multiple parties: the company operating the autonomous vehicle, the vehicle manufacturer, the human safety supervisor (if present), or third-party software providers. Unlike a typical car accident, where you pursue the at-fault driver's insurance, autonomous vehicle crashes in Texas may require claims against corporations with million-dollar liability policies, and establishing negligence often depends on analyzing the vehicle's digital data logs to prove the autonomous system malfunctioned or failed to prevent the collision. The rapid deployment of autonomous vehicles in Texas cities has outpaced clear legal precedents. When a Tesla Robotaxi or Waymo vehicle causes a crash, you're not dealing with a distracted driver who ran a red light. You're facing questions about algorithm failures, sensor malfunctions, inadequate safety protocols, and whether a human supervisor should have intervened. These cases require specialized legal expertise because proving fault means understanding both Texas negligence law and emerging autonomous vehicle regulations. Determining who is at fault in a driverless car accident can be complicated. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett explain what makes autonomous vehicle crashes legally unique, how liability is determined, and what injury victims must do to protect their rights and recover compensation. The Current State of Driverless Car Safety in Texas Autonomous vehicles are not as safe as their manufacturers claim. Recent data from Austin shows Tesla's Robotaxi service has been involved in at least seven reported crashes since launching operations, with a crash rate nearly double that of competing systems like Waymo's. These accidents occurred despite Tesla employees serving as in-car supervisors with manual override capabilities. Safety advocates point to a troubling pattern. Many of these collisions "slipped past" trained human supervisors who were supposed to take control when the autonomous system encountered dangerous situations. The technology's inability to handle complex real-world scenarios has resulted in crashes involving pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles. Texas has recorded more autonomous vehicle crashes involving Tesla vehicles than any other manufacturer, raising serious questions about whether the technology is ready for widespread deployment on Texas roads. What Makes Autonomous Vehicle Accidents Different in Texas Texas law treats autonomous vehicle accidents differently from traditional crashes in several critical ways. Under Insurance Code 1954. 052, a transportation network company (driver) is engaged in a prearranged ride, the coverage required is at least a million dollars. However, when it is not a prearranged ride, the requirement is $50,oo0 for bodily injury or death per each person. Texas statutes generally require autonomous vehicle companies to carry the financial responsibility, but determining negligence requires examining whether the autonomous system failed to perform as a reasonably prudent driver would under similar circumstances. This analysis goes beyond typical traffic violations. Your attorney must investigate whether the vehicle's programming, sensors, or decision-making algorithms were defective or inadequately designed for Texas road conditions. Another key difference is the evidence. Traditional car accidents rely on witness testimony, skid marks, and damage patterns. Autonomous... > Injured in a Lyft accident? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consult with an experienced personal injuy attorney and find out how to get the compensation you deserve. - Published: 2025-11-17 - Modified: 2026-02-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/lyft-accident-settlement-amounts/ Lyft Accident Settlement Amounts: What Your Case Is Really Worth When a Lyft ride ends in a crash, victims face not only physical injuries but also financial uncertainty. How much compensation can you expect? What factors determine settlement amounts? Understanding the true value of your Lyft accident claim is critical to securing fair compensation that covers all your damages—not just the immediate medical bills, but the long-term costs that insurance companies would prefer you ignore. Lyft accident settlements vary dramatically, ranging from $10,000 for minor injuries to well over $1 million for catastrophic cases. The specific amount you can recover depends on numerous factors including injury severity, medical expenses, lost income, who was at fault, and which insurance policy applies. With approximately 20. 4 million active Lyft riders and growing, these accidents occur with increasing frequency, making it essential for victims to understand their rights and the compensation they deserve. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett explain the settlement ranges for Lyft accidents, the insurance laws that apply, and the key factors that influence how much compensation you may be entitled to. Understanding Settlement Ranges for Lyft Accidents While every case is unique, Lyft accident settlements generally fall into predictable ranges based on injury severity. Understanding these ranges helps set realistic expectations and ensures you don't accept lowball settlement offers that fail to cover your actual damages. Minor Injury Settlements: $10,000 to $50,000 Cases involving relatively minor injuries such as whiplash, bruises, mild sprains, or minor soft tissue damage typically settle between $10,000 and $50,000. These settlements reflect shorter recovery periods, less extensive medical treatment, and limited time away from work. Even minor injuries can cause chronic pain and discomfort, however, and victims should ensure their settlements account for all medical expenses and any ongoing treatment needs. Moderate Injury Settlements: $50,000 to $200,000 Moderate injuries including fractures, concussions, herniated discs, or significant soft tissue damage that requires surgery, physical therapy, or extended medical intervention typically result in settlements ranging from $50,000 to $200,000. These cases involve longer recovery periods, more substantial medical bills, greater lost wages, and increased pain and suffering. Victims may need months of treatment and rehabilitation before returning to normal activities. Severe Injury Settlements: $200,000 to $1 Million+ The most severe Lyft accidents result in traumatic brain injuries, spinal cord damage, permanent disabilities, or wrongful death. These catastrophic cases frequently settle between $200,000 and over $1 million due to extraordinary medical costs, lifelong care requirements, permanent loss of earning capacity, and profound impacts on quality of life. When victims suffer permanent disabilities that prevent them from working or performing basic daily activities, settlements must account for decades of future medical expenses and lost income. The most common settlement range for serious Lyft accidents falls between $300,000 and $1 million, reflecting the severity of injuries that often occur in rideshare collisions. Critical Factors That Determine Your Settlement Amount Insurance companies calculate settlement offers based on multiple interconnected factors. Understanding these elements helps you recognize... > Attorney Benson Varghese, the founder and CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has been named a 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence by Fort Worth Inc. - Published: 2025-11-14 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/entrepreneur-of-excellence/ Attorney Benson Varghese, the founder and CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has been named a 2025 Entrepreneur of Excellence by Fort Worth Inc. , a prestigious award that recognizes outstanding business owners and visionary leaders who have elevated the bold, pioneering spirit of Fort Worth. Varghese was honored on Thursday, November 13, during a black-tie gala at the Fort Worth Club. He was among 42 finalists — and 14 winners — selected by independent judges for their growth, ethical standards, perseverance, and community impact. Varghese is featured this month on the cover of Fort Worth Inc. and has a write-up on Page 58 of the magazine, which chronicles his journey from running a rubber plantation in India at age 15 to founding an 8-figure law firm, developing legal technology, and writing a book. “I think the definition of an entrepreneur is getting up one more time than you fail,” Varghese said. “One thing you can count on is that we don’t, and won’t, ever give up. I’m honored to be recognized among such an esteemed group of innovators in Fort Worth. “Entrepreneurship is about taking risks — and believing the reward is worth it. But no one succeeds alone. This recognition is a reflection of the phenomenal team I’ve had the privilege to build and the clients who have continually placed their trust in us. ” Varghese is the founder and managing partner of Varghese Summersett, a premier personal injury, criminal defense, and family law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. He is also the founder of Lawft, a law practice management platform developed in response to the real-world challenges of growing a successful legal practice. He recently published a book, Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth, which shares his blueprint for building a successful law firm and launching a law practice management platform to help attorneys grow and scale their practices. The book is available now on Amazon. Varghese, along with wife and co-founder, Anna Summersett, has been a finalist several times for the Entrepreneur of Excellence program — a highly competitive awards program with a rigorous selection process. Winning this year is a testament to their continued innovation, leadership, and commitment to excellence. “I’ve watched Benson build two companies from the ground up with extraordinary focus, determination, and vision,” Summersett said. “No one is more deserving of this honor. He leads with purpose, inspires those around him, and truly embodies what it means to be an Entrepreneur of Excellence. ” Under his leadership, Varghese Summersett has been named one of the fastest-growing private companies in the U. S. three times by Inc. 5000 and has been repeatedly recognized as a Best Company to Work For and a Best Place for Working Parents. Earlier this year, Varghese Summersett received the Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award, which recognizes minority-owned businesses that exemplify core values and best practices. The firm has also been named a DFW Favorite, Best Law Firm, Readers’ Choice, and... > Learn how police jurisdiction works in Texas, including who can stop you, where their authority extends, and when exceptions like fresh pursuit apply. - Published: 2025-11-13 - Modified: 2025-12-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/police-jurisdiction/ Police Jurisdiction in Texas: Who Can Stop You and Where? Texas has one of the most complex law enforcement structures in the United States. From city police officers to Texas Rangers, county sheriffs to constables, and state troopers to game wardens, the Lone Star State employs a vast network of peace officers with varying levels of authority and jurisdiction. Understanding who has the power to stop you, where that authority extends, and under what circumstances becomes critically important when challenging the legality of a traffic stop or arrest. This article provides a comprehensive examination of Texas law enforcement jurisdiction, including the different types of peace officers operating in Texas, the geographic limitations on their authority, the fresh pursuit doctrine, and the often-misunderstood concept of citizens' arrest. Quick Reference: Texas Law Enforcement Comparison Law Enforcement Type Normal Jurisdiction Legal Authority Can Stop You Where? Key Difference City Police City limits only Tex. Local Gov't Code § 341. 001; Art. 2. 12(1) Within city limits + ETJ; anywhere in county with mutual aid; statewide during fresh pursuit Most restricted geographic authority; limited to city boundaries unless pursuing, aiding, or serving warrants Sheriff's Deputies Countywide Tex. Const. Art. V, § 23; Art. 2. 12(3) Anywhere in their county, including cities; statewide during fresh pursuit Countywide authority, including inside city limits Constables / Deputy Constables Countywide Tex. Const. Art. V, § 18; Art. 2. 12(4) Anywhere in their county; statewide during fresh pursuit Elected by precinct, but have countywide authority; commonly serve civil papers but have full peace officer powers State Troopers / Highway Patrol (DPS) Statewide Tex. Gov't Code § 411. 001; Art. 2. 12(6) Anywhere in Texas Statewide authority; enforce traffic and criminal law anywhere Texas Rangers (DPS) Statewide Tex. Gov't Code § 411. 001; Art. 2. 12(6) Anywhere in Texas Elite investigators; focus on major crimes statewide Game Wardens Statewide Art. 2. 12(9); Tex. Parks & Wild. Code § 12. 101 Anywhere in Texas for any crime Broadest misunderstood authority; enforce all state laws, not just wildlife TABC Agents Statewide Tex. Alco. Bev. Code § 5. 31; Art. 2. 12(10) Anywhere in Texas Specialize in alcohol violations but have broader enforcement powers Campus Police (Universities) Campus + 300 yards Tex. Educ. Code § 51. 203; Art. 2. 12(8) On campus and 300 yards beyond; statewide during fresh pursuit Fully licensed peace officers, but limited geographic reach ISD Police (School Districts) School property Tex. Educ. Code § 37. 081; Art. 2. 12(7) School property and events; statewide during fresh pursuit Full peace officers; limited to school-related functions U. S. Marshals Nationwide (federal) 28 U. S. C. § 561 Anywhere in the U. S. for federal crimes Federal-only unless specially authorized to enforce state law Other Federal Agents (FBI, DEA, ATF, Border Patrol, etc. ) Nationwide (federal) Various federal statutes Anywhere in the U. S. for crimes within agency jurisdiction Federal jurisdiction only; each agency enforces specific laws (e. g. , drugs, guns, immigration) Understanding the Table Constitutional vs. Statutory Officers: Sheriffs and... > Can you get a DWI on a horse, bicycle or golf cart in Texas? The answers might surprise you. Learn which mode of transporation can lead to DWI charges. - Published: 2025-11-06 - Modified: 2025-12-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/dwi-on-a-horse/ Can You Get a DWI on a Horse, Bicycle, or Golf Cart in Texas? Picture this: You've had a few drinks at a backyard barbecue, and you're trying to make a responsible decision about getting home. Your car keys are staying in your pocket, but what about that golf cart in the garage? Or your bicycle? What if you're at a ranch — can you ride a horse home after drinking? These aren't just hypothetical scenarios. Texas law enforcement officers face these questions, and the answers might surprise you. Understanding what qualifies as a DWI-eligible vehicle in Texas could be the difference between a safe trip home and criminal charges that follow you for years. The Three Essential Elements of a Texas DWI Charge Before we dive into specific vehicles, it's crucial to understand what Texas law requires for a Driving While Intoxicated charge. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04, prosecutors must prove three distinct elements beyond a reasonable doubt: First, you must be intoxicated. Texas law defines intoxication in two ways: either not having normal use of your mental or physical faculties due to the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, or any other substance into your body, or having a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or more. This means you can be charged with DWI even if your BAC is below 0. 08 if an officer can demonstrate you didn't have normal use of your faculties. Second, you must be operating a "motor vehicle. " This is where things get interesting, and it's the critical distinction we'll explore throughout this article. Not every mode of transportation qualifies as a motor vehicle under Texas law. Third, you must be in a public place. This includes roads, highways, parking lots, and other areas the public has access to. Even some private property can qualify as a "public place" if the public has general access to it. The Critical Definition: What Is a "Motor Vehicle" in Texas? The entire question of whether you can get a DWI on a particular mode of transportation hinges on one legal definition. Under Texas Transportation Code § 541. 201, a "motor vehicle" means a self-propelled vehicle or a vehicle propelled by electric power from overhead trolley wires. Notably, the statute explicitly states that the term does not include devices that are moved only by human power. This seemingly simple definition creates a clear bright line: if it has a motor and propels itself, it's likely a motor vehicle. If it moves only by human power, it's not. But as we'll see, modern technology has created some gray areas that challenge this traditional distinction. Can You Get a DWI on a Horse in Texas? Answer: No Despite being a common question in Texas, where horseback riding remains part of the culture in many areas, you cannot get a DWI on a horse. A horse is a living animal, not a motor vehicle. It's not self-propelled in the mechanical sense required by Texas... > Texas voters approved Proposition 3, allowing judges denial of bail for certain serious crimes. Learn which offenses qualify and how the new rules work. - Published: 2025-11-05 - Modified: 2025-11-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/denial-of-bail/ Texas Proposition 3: New Bail Rules for Certain Crimes Texans have approved an amendment to the Texas Constitution to allow for the denial of bail in certain cases. More than 61 percent of the 2. 9 million votes counted were in favor of a new requirement for Texas judges to deny bail to individuals accused of certain offenses, when the court finds the accused is a danger to others or unlikely to willingly return to court. In this article, we will examine the allegations to which the denial of bail applies, the factors that trigger the denial of bail, the burden of proof required to deny bail, and the key considerations for prosecutors and defense attorneys under this new framework. Why Proposition 3 Required a Constitutional Amendment Texas Proposition 3 amended the Texas Constitution itself — specifically Article I, Section 11 — which meant it required extraordinary steps to become law. The Texas Constitution has long guaranteed a right to bail for most offenses. Before Proposition 3, judges could deny bail only for capital murder cases where the evidence was strong, or in limited circumstances involving violations of certain protective orders. For virtually every other offense, no matter how serious, defendants had a constitutional right to some form of bail. To expand bail denial to more offenses required changing the Constitution itself, which Texas law makes deliberately difficult. Here's what happened: The legislature needed a two-thirds supermajority in both the House and Senate to propose the amendment The proposal then went to Texas voters in a statewide election Voters approved Proposition 3, making it part of the Texas Constitution This high bar for changing fundamental rights reflects the importance of bail in our legal system. The founders understood that requiring someone to sit in jail for months or years before trial — when they're still presumed innocent — is an extraordinary deprivation of liberty that should only happen under strict limitations. The Federal Backdrop The U. S. Supreme Court addressed this tension in United States v. Salerno, 481 U. S. 739 (1987), which upheld federal preventive detention laws. The Court ruled that the Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail, but doesn't guarantee bail in all cases. Governments can deny bail entirely for compelling interests like public safety — as long as proper due process protections exist. Texas Proposition 3 follows this constitutional framework. It doesn't automatically deny bail; it requires hearings, imposes high evidentiary burdens on prosecutors, and includes specific procedural safeguards. Whether these protections are sufficient will likely be tested in courts for years to come. Expect a Motion to Deny Bail in the Following Cases Proposition 3 doesn't apply to all violent crimes or even all felonies. Texas Constitution Article I, Section 11d(a) creates a precise list of nine offense categories. Understanding these categories — and their specific limitations — is critical for anyone facing charges. 1. Murder (Texas Penal Code Section 19. 02) All murder cases now fall under Proposition 3. Murder is intentionally or knowingly causing the... > Wondering what to do if you're hit by a drunk driver in Texas? Learn the steps to take right after the crash, protect your rights, and pursue the compensation you deserve. - Published: 2025-11-04 - Modified: 2025-11-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-if-youre-hit-by-a-drunk-driver/ The numbers tell a devastating story. In 2024, 1,053 people were killed in Texas crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers — accounting for over 25 percent of all traffic deaths in our state, according to records maintained by the Department of Public Safety. Texas ranks second-worst in the nation for drunk driving, with more than 42 percent of our traffic fatalities involving drunk drivers. One person dies every 7 hours and 32 minutes on Texas roads because someone chose to drink and drive. Behind each statistic is a real person — a parent who won't come home, a child whose life was stolen, a spouse facing an unbearable loss. Whether you've lost someone you love, suffered serious injuries, or aren't sure yet of the full extent of your harm, Texas law provides a path forward. This guide and video, provided by the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett, explains your rights and the immediate steps you should take. https://youtu. be/fg4fNNh4PiQ The Reality of Drunk Driving Crashes in Texas Drunk driving crashes are fundamentally different from typical accidents. These collisions stem from a conscious, illegal choice. When someone gets behind the wheel after drinking, they knowingly endanger everyone on the road under Texas Penal Code §49. 04. The consequences range from catastrophic injuries to death. Texas has not experienced a single deathless day on its highways in nearly 24 years. If You've Lost a Loved One to a Drunk Driver Every single day, three families in Texas lose someone they love because of drunk driving. The shock and pain of losing a family member in such a preventable tragedy can feel unbearable. No amount of legal action can fill the void left behind, but Texas law acknowledges the immense harm caused by these senseless acts. Families have the right to seek justice — not only to hold the drunk driver accountable but also to ease the financial burdens that follow an unexpected loss. When someone is killed by a drunk driver, it’s not just an accident — it’s a criminal act rooted in negligence. While the criminal justice system handles punishment through DWI or intoxication manslaughter charges, a civil wrongful death claim focuses on helping your family recover damages for the emotional, financial, and practical consequences of the loss. These may include funeral and burial expenses, loss of income or support, medical bills from emergency care, and compensation for the emotional pain and suffering your family endures. Immediate Steps When a Family Member Dies 1. Focus on your family first. Your immediate focus should be on your loved ones and your own well-being. In the first few days after such a tragedy, there’s no legal urgency to make decisions. Spend that time grieving together, making funeral arrangements, and leaning on the people who care about you. Accept help from friends and family — you don’t have to face this alone. 2. Preserve evidence when you're ready. When you feel able, gather the police report, any photographs from the scene, medical records from emergency... > Investigators are probing a UFC fight-fixing and sports bribery scandal at UFC Vegas 110. Learn what federal charges fighters, coaches, and others could face. - Published: 2025-11-04 - Modified: 2025-11-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/federal/sports-bribery/ UFC Fight-Fixing Scandal: What Federal Charges Could Fighters and Coaches Face? The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) is facing its most serious integrity crisis in years. Federal investigators are probing allegations that fighters deliberately lost bouts to benefit gamblers, with the FBI and Nevada State Athletic Commission examining suspicious betting patterns across multiple fights. At the center of the investigation is a November 1, 2025, featherweight bout at UFC Vegas 110, where fighter Isaac Dulgarian's unexpected poor performance triggered alarms across the sports betting industry. Major sportsbooks took the rare step of refunding all bets on the fight, and Dulgarian was immediately released from his UFC contract with his fight purse frozen. But for those involved, refunds and contract terminations may be the least of their worries. Federal prosecutors have powerful legal tools at their disposal to prosecute fight-fixing schemes, and the potential criminal penalties are severe. As this investigation unfolds, it's worth examining what federal charges could be brought, who might face prosecution, and what the legal consequences could mean for fighters, coaches, referees, and others allegedly involved in corrupting mixed martial arts competitions. The Allegations: What Happened at UFC Vegas 110? Understanding the potential charges requires understanding what investigators believe occurred. According to reports, Dulgarian entered his fight against Yadier del Valle as a significant favorite, with odds around -250. However, in the hours before the fight, betting lines shifted dramatically toward near-even odds—an unusual movement that suggested large sums of money were being wagered on the underdog. When the fight took place, Dulgarian's performance was described as suspiciously poor. The UFC's integrity monitoring service, IC360, flagged the bout for abnormal betting activity. Caesars Sportsbook and DraftKings subsequently refunded all wagers, a measure typically reserved for situations where the integrity of a sporting event is seriously compromised. The Nevada State Athletic Commission moved swiftly, withholding Dulgarian's entire fight purse pending investigation. The UFC terminated his contract. And now, federal investigators are examining whether criminal laws were violated—not just in this fight, but potentially in dozens or even hundreds of others. Some unconfirmed reports suggest the FBI has flagged over 100 UFC fights from 2025 for abnormal betting patterns, though this number remains under scrutiny. Investigators are also reportedly considering an audit of fights refereed by Jason Herzog due to repeated irregularities. Federal Crime #1: Sports Bribery The primary federal statute for prosecuting fight-fixing is 18 U. S. C. § 224, the federal sports bribery law. This statute makes it a crime to influence, or attempt to influence, the outcome of a sporting event through bribery. The law applies to any sporting contest where participants cross state lines or where interstate commerce is involved—requirements easily met in professional UFC bouts where fighters travel from different states and the events are broadcast nationally. What the Law Prohibits Under 18 U. S. C. § 224, it is illegal to: Carry into effect, or attempt to carry into effect, any scheme to influence a sporting contest by bribery Offer, promise, or give anything... > Texas lawmakers passed major reforms on school sexual abuse accountability and liability during the 89th Legislature. Learn more. - Published: 2025-11-03 - Modified: 2025-11-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/liability-for-school-districts-for-sexual-misconduct-in-texas/ New Texas Laws: School Liability for Sexual Abuse in Public Schools and Mandatory Reporting for Public and Private Schools During the 89th Texas Legislature, lawmakers passed the most significant reform of school accountability for sexual abuse in more than 50 years. Two landmark bills — House Bill 4623 and Senate Bill 571 — both effective September 1, 2025, create a comprehensive accountability system that distinguishes between public and private schools while ensuring all students are protected from school sexual abuse. HB 4623 applies only to public schools: Under Chapter 118 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, a public school district found grossly negligent in hiring, supervising, or employing a professional school employee who commits sexual abuse against a student, or fails to report abuse or neglect, is liable for damages up to $500,000 per act or omission for each claimant, plus attorney fees and court costs. This marks the most significant waiver of sovereign immunity for Texas public schools since 1969. SB 571 applies to all schools — both public and private: The mandatory reporting requirements, criminal penalties for concealment, pre-employment screening mandates, and parent notification obligations established by SB 571 apply to every school in Texas, regardless of whether it is publicly or privately funded. All school employees — whether they work at public ISDs, charter schools, private schools, or religious schools — must report suspected abuse to the Department of Family and Protective Services or external law enforcement within 24 hours. For decades, waivers of governmental immunity for Texas public schools have generally been limited to liability arising out of the use or operation of motor vehicles under the Texas Tort Claims Act and cases involving excessive discipline under the Education Code. The creation of Chapter 118 represents a fundamental shift in immunity by permitting tort claims when there is sufficient justification, especially in cases involving school sexual abuse and professional misconduct. Together, these reforms create a comprehensive system: SB 571 defines universal duties and establishes swift reporting requirements that apply to all Texas schools, while HB 4623 provides financial accountability specifically for public schools when those duties are breached. Understanding Which Laws Apply to Which Schools HB 4623 - Civil Liability (PUBLIC SCHOOLS ONLY) Applies to: Independent School Districts (ISDs) Open-enrollment charter schools Any publicly funded educational institution subject to Texas Education Code governance Does NOT apply to: Private schools Religious schools Other private educational institutions Note: Private schools were never protected by sovereign immunity and can be sued under traditional tort law. Private school victims may face no damage cap and can seek punitive damages. SB 571 - Mandatory Reporting (ALL SCHOOLS - PUBLIC AND PRIVATE) Applies to: ALL Texas public schools (ISDs and charter schools) ALL Texas private schools ALL Texas religious schools Every educational institution in Texas Key requirements for all schools: 24-hour reporting of suspected abuse to DFPS or external law enforcement 48-hour administrative reporting chain (for public schools) Pre-employment affidavit and background check requirements Parent notification when misconduct allegations arise... > How to defend DWI: Expert analysis of Adrian Peterson's arrest reveals defense strategies from initial stop to specimen testing and retrograde extrapolation. - Published: 2025-10-27 - Modified: 2026-01-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-defend-dwi/ Former Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson was recently arrested and charged with two offenses: Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) and Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon. His arrest presents several interesting legal questions and potential defense strategies that are worth examining in detail. Understanding the Charges Against Adrian Peterson The DWI Charge: Class B Misdemeanor Peterson faces a Class B misdemeanor DWI charge. This classification is significant because it indicates this is being prosecuted as a first-offense DWI, despite reports that Peterson may have had a previous DWI allegation. In Texas, a first-offense DWI is a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000. The critical distinction here is between an allegation and a conviction. While Peterson may have been arrested for DWI previously, without a final conviction on his record, the State cannot enhance this charge to a Class A misdemeanor (which would apply to a second DWI). Under Texas law, only a prior final conviction can serve as the basis for enhancement. An arrest, a charge, or even a case that was dismissed or resulted in deferred adjudication does not qualify as a predicate offense for enhancement purposes. This underscores an important principle in Texas criminal law: you are innocent until proven guilty, and allegations alone cannot be used to enhance subsequent charges. Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon: Class A Misdemeanor The second charge Peterson faces is Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon, a Class A misdemeanor under Texas Penal Code Section 46. 02. Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon occurs when a person carries a handgun and is engaged in criminal activity other than a Class C misdemeanor traffic violation. In Peterson's case, the allegation is that he was in possession of a firearm while allegedly committing the offense of DWI. As a Class A misdemeanor, this charge carries more serious penalties than the DWI itself: up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $4,000. However, the unlawful carry charge is entirely dependent on the underlying DWI. If the DWI charge cannot be proven beyond a reasonable doubt, the unlawful carry charge fails as well, since there would be no "criminal activity" that makes the carrying unlawful. How to Defend DWI Charges in Texas A successful DWI defense requires examining every stage of the investigation, from the moment law enforcement initiated contact through the final chemical testing. Each phase presents opportunities to challenge the State's case. Phase One: The Traffic Stop - Was There Reasonable Suspicion? Before examining the evidence of intoxication, we must first determine whether the officer had reasonable suspicion to initiate the traffic stop. Under the Fourth Amendment, an officer must have specific, articulable facts that reasonably suggest a person is violating the law. Common issues that can invalidate a DWI stop include: The alleged traffic violation did not actually occur The driving behavior, while unusual, does not suggest intoxication or a traffic violation The officer lacked personal observation and relied on unreliable... > Accused of theft in Houston or the surrounding areas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced Houston theft lawyer today. 281-805-2220 - Published: 2025-10-20 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/houston-theft-lawyer/ If you've been accused of theft in Houston, you could face anything from a fine to life in prison depending on the value of the property and circumstances involved. A theft conviction creates a permanent criminal record that affects employment, professional licenses, housing, and immigration status. The sooner you contact an experienced Houston theft lawyer, the sooner they can begin building a defense that protects your future. Under Texas Penal Code §31. 03, theft means unlawfully taking property with the intent to deprive the owner of it. That includes taking something without the owner's consent or being found in possession of stolen property. Theft is also considered a crime of moral turpitude, which reflects dishonesty and can follow you for years, damaging your reputation and limiting opportunities. What Should I Do If I'm Accused of Theft in Houston? Being accused of theft can feel overwhelming and terrifying. You're probably wondering if you'll go to jail, whether you'll lose your job, what happens if you didn't know the property was stolen, or if there's any way to keep this off your record. The answers depend on the facts of your case, but one thing is certain: you need a Houston theft lawyer who knows how to fight for you. Mike Hanson, Senior Counsel at our Houston office, has successfully handled theft cases ranging from minor shoplifting accusations to high-dollar felony thefts. As a former prosecutor, he knows how the other side builds cases and what it takes to challenge the State's evidence. He understands how to dispute property valuations, question claims of ownership, and negotiate dismissals, reductions, or alternative resolutions that protect your future. Whether you've been wrongfully accused or simply made a mistake, you deserve a defense that's aggressive, strategic, and tailored to your situation. What Constitutes Theft Under Texas Law? Texas defines theft broadly under Texas Penal Code §31. 03. You appropriate property unlawfully when you take it without the owner's effective consent. This includes shoplifting, but also covers situations many people don't immediately recognize as theft. Taking property without permission includes walking out of a store with unpaid merchandise, taking an unlocked bicycle, or removing items from someone's yard. Obtaining property through deception covers writing bad checks, using someone else's credit card, or lying to obtain property under false pretenses. Receiving stolen property means possessing items you know or should have known were stolen, even if you didn't steal them yourself. Theft of services includes skipping out on restaurant bills, using utilities without authorization, or failing to pay for contracted services with intent to avoid payment. The key element is intent to deprive the owner. Prosecutors must prove you meant to permanently take the property. Borrowing something without permission and intending to return it doesn't meet the legal definition of theft, though police often arrest first and let courts sort out intent later. What Are the Penalties for Theft in Texas? The severity of a theft charge largely comes down to one factor: the value of the stolen... > Texas has enacted some of the most comprehensive laws addressing AI-generated pornography, particularly involving minors. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2025-10-20 - Modified: 2025-11-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/criminal-consequences-for-ai-pornography-in-texas/ Criminal Consequences of AI-Generated Pornography in Texas Texas has enacted some of the nation's most comprehensive laws addressing AI-generated pornography, particularly content involving minors. As of September 1, 2025, both federal and Texas state law explicitly criminalize the creation, distribution, and possession of AI-generated sexually explicit material under specific circumstances. Understanding these laws is critical for anyone who might encounter, create, or distribute such content. If you have been accused of a crime stemming from AI-Generated Pornography, your liberty is on the line. These cases are complex, high-stakes, and rapidly evolving — requiring a defense team with deep legal knowledge, technological understanding, and a proven track record in handling cutting-edge criminal matters in Texas and federal courts. Please take a moment to watch this video by defense attorney Lisa Herrick. https://youtu. be/67OmX0HT84Q At Varghese Summersett, our experienced criminal defense attorneys are at the forefront of emerging digital crimes and are prepared to aggressively protect your rights and future. In this comprehensive article about AI-Generated Pornography, we examine the legal landscape in Texas, explain the potential criminal charges you could face, and outline the most effective defense strategies to protect your rights. Our team breaks down how prosecutors approach these cases, what evidence they may rely on (including digital forensics and AI model analysis), and how experienced defense counsel can challenge allegations under both state and federal law. Federal AI-Porn Laws Applicable in Texas The TAKE IT DOWN Act Passed in May 2025, the TAKE IT DOWN Act makes it a federal crime to knowingly publish sexually explicit images — whether real or AI-generated — without the depicted person's consent. This includes deepfake nudes and revenge pornography. The law requires websites and platforms to remove such content within 48 hours of receiving notice from a victim. Federal Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) Provisions Federal law criminalizes all forms of non-consensual pornographic deepfakes and applies to the publication, distribution, and threatening of publication of explicit content, including computer-generated or manipulated images. Congressional bills are expanding child pornography statutes to include fully AI-generated or computer-edited child images, regardless of whether real minors were involved. Overview of Texas's Three-Statute Framework Texas addresses AI-generated pornography through three primary criminal statutes, each targeting different types of conduct and carrying different penalties: Texas Penal Code § 21. 165: Unlawful Production or Distribution of Certain Sexually Explicit Media (targets non-consensual deepfakes of identifiable adults and minors) Texas Penal Code § 43. 26: Possession or Promotion of Child Pornography (addresses traditional and AI-manipulated Child Sexual Abuse Material involving identifiable real minors, plus computer-generated CSAM that is virtually indistinguishable from real children) Texas Penal Code § 43. 235: Possession, Promotion, or Production of Certain Visual Material Appearing to Depict Child (criminalizes obscene visual material appearing to depict minors, including cartoons, animations, and AI-generated content, plus prohibits using real children's images to train AI models) Understanding the distinctions between these statutes is essential for comprehending the full scope of criminal liability in Texas. Our experienced criminal defense attorneys thoroughly explain each... > Moten v. State is a Texas case defining prosecutor discovery obligations under Article 39.14, requiring active searches for evidence like jail calls from third-party vendors. - Published: 2025-10-17 - Modified: 2026-02-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/prosecutor-discovery-obligations/ Moten v. State, No. 10-24-00183-CR (Tex. App. —Waco Oct. 9, 2025) In a significant decision clarifying prosecutor discovery obligations under Texas law, the Tenth Court of Appeals recently addressed whether the State must proactively seek out recordings of jail phone calls made by defendants. In Moten v. State, the court held that prosecutors have an affirmative duty to search for jail call recordings in response to discovery requests, even when stored on third-party servers, and cannot wait until a witness alerts them to such calls' existence. While finding a discovery violation and an abuse of discretion in admitting the improperly disclosed evidence, the court ultimately affirmed the conviction on harmless error grounds. The Background Herbert Wayne Moten was charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon for stabbing Keiland Harris with a knife, causing serious bodily injury. The incident occurred outside a bar at closing time on August 6, 2023. Within hours of his arrest that morning, Moten made phone calls from the Navarro County jail to Teagan McGuire, a witness in the case. On October 17, 2023 — more than seven months before trial — Moten filed a request for discovery under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 39. 14, specifically requesting any audio recordings of Moten or any witness. This timely discovery request triggered the State's obligations under the statute. The Discovery Violation The discovery problem arose during trial. Jury selection occurred on a Friday. By Friday afternoon, the prosecutor had learned from witness Teagan McGuire that Moten had called her twice from jail. The prosecutor received the actual audio recordings of those calls on Monday morning — the day trial testimony was to begin, and after the jury had already been selected. When the prosecutor disclosed this development before opening statements on Monday morning, Moten objected on the basis that the production was untimely and prevented him from effectively preparing for trial. The trial court initially deferred ruling, stating they would "take that up when we get to that point. " When the State called McGuire to testify and sought to introduce the recordings, Moten renewed his objections. The trial court overruled the objections and allowed the recordings to be played for the jury. The State's Argument The State advanced two primary arguments to justify the late disclosure: Lack of Knowledge: The prosecutor claimed he did not know about the calls and had no way to know about them until McGuire mentioned them on Friday afternoon. Possession Theory: The State argued it was not in possession of the calls because they were stored on a server belonging to a third-party vendor that contracted with the Navarro County Sheriff's Office to maintain jail phone call recordings. The Court's Legal Analysis Standard of Review The court applied an abuse of discretion standard to review the trial court's evidentiary ruling. Under this standard, an abuse of discretion occurs when the trial court acts without reference to guiding rules or principles or acts arbitrarily or unreasonably. The appellate court will sustain... > If you or your child has been been victimized by AI-generated sexual content, you may have criminal and civil recourse — including the right to pursue an AI Porn Lawsuit. - Published: 2025-10-06 - Modified: 2025-10-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sue-for-ai-pornography/ If you are reading this article, you've probably been living through a nightmare. Discovering that someone has weaponized technology to create sexually explicit images depicting you or someone you love, without consent, is devastating. The shock, the violation, the fear of who has seen these images, the worry about their permanence online — these feelings are completely valid and completely normal. You may feel powerless, ashamed, or overwhelmed. You may wonder if you'll ever feel safe again. What happened to you is not your fault. Despite how powerless you may feel right now, you do have legal rights and options to fight back. This article explains the civil legal remedies available to victims of AI-generated pornography in Texas. While nothing can undo what happened, the law provides pathways to hold perpetrators accountable, obtain compensation for the harm you've suffered, force removal of the content, and begin the process of reclaiming your power and dignity. If reading this feels overwhelming, that's understandable. You don't need to absorb everything at once. Consider sharing this with a trusted friend, family member, therapist, or attorney who can help you process the information and determine next steps. You don't have to face this alone. The Hard Truth About Civil Lawsuits Before we discuss the many legal rights available to you, we need to address an uncomfortable reality that often determines whether pursuing a AI Porn civil lawsuit makes practical sense: Can the person who harmed you actually pay? Civil lawsuits seek monetary damages. You can win a million-dollar judgment, but if the defendant has no money, no assets, no property, and no insurance coverage, that judgment may be worthless. This harsh financial reality doesn't diminish your legal rights or the validity of your harm — but it does affect whether litigation is a practical path to recovery and justice. Insurance Won't Cover Intentional or Criminal Acts One critical limitation: homeowner's insurance, renter's insurance, and most liability policies explicitly exclude coverage for intentional acts and criminal conduct. Creating or distributing AI-generated pornography is both intentional and often criminal. This means: The perpetrator's insurance won't pay damages on their behalf Whatever recovery you obtain must come from the defendant's personal assets If the person who violated you is judgment-proof (unemployed, minimal assets, no property), winning an AI Porn lawsuit may provide moral victory and a legal record of wrongdoing, but little actual financial recovery. When Employers, Schools, or Institutions May Be Liable However — and this is crucial — if the perpetrator created or distributed this content in connection with their employment or position, their employer or affiliated institution may share liability. This changes the financial calculus entirely because organizations typically have: Substantial assets and liability insurance Insurance policies that may cover negligent supervision or institutional failures (even if not the perpetrator's intentional acts) Reputational concerns that motivate settlement Legal departments that understand exposure Situations where employer/institutional liability may exist: Schools and universities: Teacher, coach, administrator, or staff member who used student images, school equipment, or accessed... > I was served divorce papers. Now what? Our experienced divorce attorneys explain what steps to take next to protect your rights and prepare for the road ahead. - Published: 2025-10-05 - Modified: 2025-10-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce/i-was-served-divorce-papers-now-what/ Being served with divorce papers can feel like having the rug pulled out from under you. Whether you suspected it was coming or you're completely blindsided, receiving that envelope from a process server triggers a flood of emotions – shock, anger, sadness, confusion, or even relief. But once those initial feelings settle, you're left with a critical question: What do I do now? As Texas divorce attorneys who've guided countless clients through this exact situation, we understand how overwhelming this moment can be. The good news is that being served divorce papers, while stressful, is simply the beginning of a legal process – and knowing what to expect can help you navigate it with confidence. Let us walk you through exactly what happens after you're served with divorce papers in Texas, what your options are, and the crucial steps you need to take to protect your rights and interests. https://youtu. be/lbcau7_TNWs Understanding What You've Been Served First, let's talk about what you actually received. In Texas, the person who files for divorce (called the "petitioner") must have the other spouse (the "respondent") formally served with two key documents: The Original Petition for Divorce: This document initiates the divorce proceedings and typically outlines what your spouse is requesting, including: Grounds for divorce (usually "insupportability," which means the marriage has become insupportable due to discord or conflict of personalities that destroys the legitimate ends of the marital relationship and prevents any reasonable expectation of reconciliation) (Tex. Fam. Code § 6. 001) How they want to divide property and debts Custody arrangements for children (if applicable) Child support and spousal support requests Any other relief they're seeking The Citation: This is an official notice from the court informing you that you've been sued for divorce and explaining your legal obligations and deadlines. The citation is arguably the most important document at this time because it contains critical information regarding your deadline to respond. The Clock Is Ticking: Your Response Deadline Here's what you need to know immediately: You have until 10:00 a. m. on the first Monday following 20 days after you were served to file an answer with the court. (Tex. R. Civ. P. 99(b)) Let's break that down. If you were served on a Wednesday, you count 20 days from that Wednesday, then proceed to the first Monday after that 20-day period. Your answer must be filed by 10:00 a. m. on that Monday. This deadline is not flexible. If you miss it, your spouse can request a default judgment, which means the court could grant them everything they asked for in their petition – without you having any say in the matter. We cannot stress this enough: Do not ignore divorce papers, and do not miss this deadline. The Most Important Step: Talk to an Attorney Immediately Before we go any further, let's address the elephant in the room. I know what you might be thinking: "I can't afford an attorney right now" or "Maybe I can handle this on... > Injured in an accident caused by a tire blowout in Texas? Our experienced personal injury lawyers hold manufacturers, drivers, and trucking companies accountable. - Published: 2025-10-03 - Modified: 2025-10-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tire-blowout-injury-lawyers/ What is a Tire Blowout? A tire blowout occurs when a tire suddenly bursts or loses air rapidly, causing a driver to lose control of the vehicle. Unlike a flat tire, a blowout is explosive and violent. The sudden loss of tire pressure can send a vehicle veering across lanes or flipping entirely, especially at high speeds. Blowouts are not just minor inconveniences; they can lead to catastrophic crashes with life-altering consequences. On Texas highways, where traffic moves fast and freight is heavy, tire blowouts are a frequent contributor to serious injury and fatal accidents. If you or a loved one has sustained injuries or died in a crash caused by a tire blow out, it's crucial to consult with an experienced personal injury attorney who understands the complexities of these high-stakes cases. At Varghese Summersett, our Personal Injury Division has the resources and experience to take on even the most challenging cases. We investigate thoroughly, consult with tire and accident reconstruction experts, and hold manufacturers, trucking companies, and negligent parties accountable. Our team is committed to securing the compensation you deserve and helping you move forward after a devastating event. Don’t face this alone. Your consultation is free, and you pay nothing unless we win your case. How Do Tire Blowouts Happen? Tire blowouts don’t just happen out of nowhere—they’re usually the result of underlying issues that go unnoticed or unaddressed. In Texas, with its high-speed highways, scorching heat, and heavy commercial traffic, the conditions are ripe for tire failure. Understanding what causes these blowouts is the first step toward prevention—and in personal injury cases, it’s also key to determining liability. Here are the most common causes of tire blowouts: Defective Tires Some tires leave the manufacturer already compromised. Manufacturing defects, such as weak sidewalls or faulty treads, can lead to a blowout even under normal driving conditions. These defects often fall under the scope of product liability law. Worn or Slick Tires Bald or under-treaded tires have less grip and structural integrity. When the rubber is worn thin, the likelihood of a blowout increases, especially in high temperatures or at high speeds. In Texas, where roads get blistering hot, slick tires are particularly dangerous. Road Hazards Potholes, sharp debris, and uneven pavement can puncture or severely damage a tire, leading to a blowout. Texas highways and rural roads often have these hazards, especially in oilfield areas and under-maintained county routes. Improper Tire Inflation Tires that are overinflated or underinflated cannot function as designed. Overinflated tires are more rigid and prone to bursting, while underinflated tires flex too much and overheat. Both conditions increase blowout risk. Overloaded Cargo Overloading a vehicle puts extreme pressure on its tires. Commercial trucks in Texas often carry heavy loads, and when these exceed recommended weight limits, tire integrity can be compromised. General Wear and Tear Tires degrade over time, even when not in use. Texas law does not require specific tire replacement intervals, but drivers and fleet managers are responsible for ensuring tires... > If your loved one was injured or killed in a truck accident, you're probably overwhelmed, grieving, and unsure of what to do next. We can help. - Published: 2025-09-29 - Modified: 2025-09-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/injured-or-killed-in-a-truck-accident/ On a late night in 2025, an Amazon tractor-trailer traveling at high speed collided with slowed traffic on I-35 in Austin, triggering a devastating chain reaction involving 17 vehicles. Five people died — three adults, a child, and an infant. Eleven others were hospitalized with life-threatening injuries. This tragedy illustrates a sobering reality: all that separates us from a life-altering or life-ending accident is often just a thin line painted on the roadway. For families whose loved ones have been injured or killed in a truck accident, this line becomes the dividing point between life as they knew it and a future marked by grief, uncertainty, and the need for justice. With Texas experiencing record numbers of large truck crashes in 2025, understanding what to do after such an accident has never been more critical. These cases aren't just about seeking compensation — they're about preventing future tragedies and ensuring that families have the resources they need to rebuild their lives. In this article, the wrongful death lawyers at Varghese Summersett discuss what to do if a loved on is injured or killed in a truck accident. Immediate Steps After a Truck Accident In the aftermath of a truck accident, time is critical. These incidents often result in catastrophic injuries or fatalities, and the steps you take immediately can significantly impact your loved one’s health, your legal options, and your ability to secure justice. From emergency medical care to securing critical evidence, every moment matters. Here's what you need to do — and why you shouldn’t delay. 1. Ensure Emergency Medical Care Your first priority is getting your loved one the medical attention they need. If someone has been killed, the medical examiner will handle immediate procedures, but if your loved one survived, emergency care is paramount. 2. Contact an Experienced Truck Accident Attorney Immediately This step is more urgent than most people realize. Critical evidence begins disappearing within hours of a truck accident, and trucking companies often have response teams working to minimize their liability before families even understand what happened. 3. Let Your Attorney Handle Evidence Preservation A knowledgeable truck accident attorney will immediately send preservation letters to secure: Electronic logging device data that tracks driver hours and vehicle movements GPS and fleet management information Driver employment records and medical certifications Vehicle maintenance logs and inspection reports Video footage from the truck and surrounding businesses Drug and alcohol testing records If your loved one has been injured or killed in a truck accident, you can’t afford to wait. Taking swift legal action is the best way to protect your family’s rights and ensure the responsible parties are held accountable. Why Truck Accident Cases Require Specialized Knowledge When someone is injured or killed in a trucking accident, the legal path forward is far more complex than a typical car crash. These cases require attorneys who not only understand personal injury law but also possess deep knowledge of the federal and industry-specific regulations that govern commercial trucking. Without this specialized... > Fort Bend County DWI blood draw locations can occur in the jail and local hospitals. Know your rights. Call for a free consult with a Fort Bend DWI lawyer. - Published: 2025-09-23 - Modified: 2025-09-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/dwi-blood-draw-locations/ If you're arrested for suspected DWI in Fort Bend County, law enforcement may seek to obtain a blood sample, even if you refuse to give consent. In most cases, they’ll pursue a warrant to authorize a mandatory blood draw. These draws typically take place at one of four main locations: Fort Bend County Jail, OakBend Medical Center, Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital, or Houston Methodist Sugar Land Hospital. Understanding where these DWI blood draw locations are — and knowing your constitutional rights — can make a difference in the outcome of your case. From the legal requirements for a search warrant to potential procedural mistakes, every detail matters when your freedom is on the line. Primary DWI Blood Draw Locations in Fort Bend County Fort Bend County law enforcement agencies utilize specific blood draw locations, including medical facilities and detention centers, for DWI blood collection. Each location follows standardized protocols, but procedural errors can occur at any facility. Fort Bend County Jail Address: 1410 Richmond Parkway, Richmond, TX 77469 Primary Use: Most arrests processed through the county jail system Hours: 24/7 blood draw capability The county jail is the primary processing center for DWI arrests in Fort Bend County and serves as one of the central blood draw locations. Medical personnel on-site or contracted phlebotomists perform blood draws under law enforcement supervision. OakBend Medical Center Address: 1705 Jackson St, Richmond, TX 77469 Primary Use: Richmond area arrests and medical emergencies Specialty: Full emergency department capabilities OakBend Medical Center handles blood draws for suspects requiring immediate medical attention or when the county jail facilities are unavailable. The hospital's emergency department staff performs collections according to both medical and legal protocols. Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital Address: 17500 W Grand Pkwy S, Sugar Land, TX 77479 Primary Use: Sugar Land Police Department arrests Coverage Area: Southwest Fort Bend County This blood draw location primarily serves the Sugar Land Police Department and Fort Bend County Sheriff's Office when making arrests in the southwestern portion of the county. The hospital maintains trained staff familiar with legal blood draw requirements. Houston Methodist Sugar Land Hospital Address: 16655 Southwest Fwy, Sugar Land, TX 77479 Primary Use: Overflow and emergency situations Specialty: Trauma-related DWI cases Methodist Sugar Land handles blood draws when other facilities reach capacity or when suspects require specialized medical care following accidents or injuries. It's a back-up blood draw location for overflow. Additional Blood Draw Locations During "No Refusal" campaigns and special enforcement periods, Fort Bend County expands blood draw locations to include: Police stations with mobile phlebotomy units DWI enforcement checkpoints with on-site collection Temporary facilities during holiday enforcement periods Other hospitals within the county as needed Texas DWI Blood Draw Laws and Procedures Texas Penal Code 49. 04 defines DWI as operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated, either with a blood alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or higher, or lacking normal use of mental or physical faculties due to alcohol or drugs. Blood evidence serves as the primary... > Benson Varghese, CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has published a book, "Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth. Available now on Amazon. - Published: 2025-09-15 - Modified: 2025-10-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tapped-in/ From a hardscrabble rubber plantation in India to leading one of Texas’ fastest-growing law firms, Benson Varghese has charted an extraordinary journey as both a lawyer and entrepreneur. Now, the founder and CEO of Varghese Summersett and Lawft, has published a book that shares his blueprint for building a successful law firm and launching a law practice management platform to help attorneys grow and scale their practices. The book, Tapped In: Lessons for Law Firm Growth, is available now on Amazon. Varghese shares his journey from growing up in India to building an eight-figure law firm — and the lessons he learned running a rubber plantation as a teenager. In his book, Varghese offers practical strategies to help attorneys build more efficient practices, leverage technology to enhance client experiences, and navigate the evolving legal landscape. “This book is the guide I wish I had when I started my law firm in a one-room office with $9,000 I borrowed from an uncle,” Varghese said. “Over the years, I’ve paid plenty of 'tuition'— the cost of learning through experience. But you don’t have to pay for every lesson yourself. You can learn from others who are willing to share their journey. ” “Tapped In is filled with the lessons and mistakes I’ve made while learning to run a law practice like a business. My goal was for every page to offer real value — whether that’s a mindset change, a practical strategy, or a takeaway you can immediately apply to your unique situation. ” While the book details the founding and evolution of Varghese Summersett — a premier personal injury, criminal defense, and family law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston — it also parallels Varghese’s second entrepreneurial endeavor: Lawft, a law practice management platform designed to help attorneys manage their practice and grow their business while providing exceptional customer service. “I spent years searching for a law practice management platform that could provide everything I needed to scale,” Varghese said. “What I discovered is that it didn’t exist. So, I built it myself. ” In the book, Varghese discusses how he and his wife, Anna Summersett, created a unified platform that leverages AI and elevates the client journey while setting law firms up for growth. They unveiled Lawft at the 2025 ABA TechShow, winning second place for emerging technologies. “Lawft was built from the best processes and systems we used to grow our firm,” Varghese said. “We designed and incorporated the tools we wished we had into one platform. What we created wasn’t just about convenience — it was about building a digital infrastructure that preserves our methods, streamlines processes, and ensures our expertise can guide future generations. Legal tech, in this way, becomes not just a tool, but a vessel for carrying forward your vision and legacy. ” With Tapped In, Varghese combines personal storytelling with proven strategies, equipping attorneys with practical guidance to launch a new practice, strengthen an existing one, or pursue innovative growth... > Confused about the difference between TJJD and TYC in Texas? Juvenile defense attorney Lisa Herrick explains how the Texas juvenile prison system has evolved. - Published: 2025-09-04 - Modified: 2025-11-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-between-tjjd-and-tyc/ If you are newly acquainted with the Texas juvenile justice system, you may be feeling confused or overwhelmed by the many different terms used within the system. Even people with experience in the adult criminal court system may struggle to understand the unique terminology specific to the juvenile justice system. One clear example of confusing terminology is the difference between the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) and the Texas Youth Commission (TYC). You may hear both acronyms -TJJD and TYC - used interchangeably to refer to the juvenile prison system in Texas, but it’s not exactly that simple. In this article and video, Board-Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick explains the history, structure, and current role of the TJJD — and how it differs from its predecessor, the TYC. https://youtu. be/0NZ4eGpEldA The Texas Youth Commission (TYC) The Texas Youth Commission was formerly the agency responsible for operating the juvenile corrections system in Texas. The corrections facilities included juvenile prisons, residential mental health facilities, and halfway houses. TYC was also responsible for supervising youth who were released on parole. TYC was headquartered in Austin but there were facilities across the state. While TYC operated correctional facilities, there was a separate organization called the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission. Just as it sounds, the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission assisted county-level juvenile probation departments. It also oversaw county-level juvenile detention facilities. Also headquartered in Austin, the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission maintained 165 probation departments that served the 254 Texas counties. Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) TYC and the Texas Juvenile Probation Commission functioned separately for several decades, but in 2011, the Texas Legislature combined the functions of both agencies into a single agency called the Texas Juvenile Justice Department. Likely initiated by several scandals within juvenile correctional facilities in the early 2000s, the legislation changed more than just the name of the agency. Three correctional facilities were closed for good, leaving only six facilities operating at that time. That number has now been reduced to five. TJJD is also responsible for maintaining juvenile records as well as obtaining and analyzing statistics regarding juvenile justice. A 13-member board was created, which oversees every aspect of the juvenile justice system from beginning to end. Though the legislation creating TJJD was passed in 2011, the integration of the corrections department and the probation department wasn’t fully completed until 2017. Texas Juvenile Correctional Facilities Currently, the TJJD correctional facilities house juveniles between the ages of 10 through 19 years old. The maximum age was reduced from 21 years old to 19 years old in 2007. Only juveniles who have been adjudicated delinquent of felony conduct can be ordered to serve time at a TJJD correctional facility. The five high-security facilities that are currently operated are located in Gainesville, Brownwood, Mart, Giddings, and Edinburg, Texas. Other medium and low security facilities are operated throughout the state, and those function more similarly to treatment centers. The five TJJD high-security correctional facilities are gated, residential facilities, meaning the facilities are locked and... > The Texas child support cap changed for 2026. Learn who is affected, how much support may rise, and when to seek a modification. - Published: 2025-08-26 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-child-support-cap/ For 2026, the Texas child support cap has increased from $9,200 to $11,700 in monthly net resources. This means courts can now base child support calculations on a higher portion of a parent's income, potentially increasing monthly obligations by hundreds of dollars for higher-earning parents. This marks the first adjustment since 2019 and will affect families across the state. Whether you pay or receive child support, this change could have a real financial impact on your family. Here's what you need to know. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team handles child support modifications, enforcement, and custody matters with skill and compassion. Led by Partner Turner Thornton, our family law attorneys have guided hundreds of families through complex support issues. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake, we proudly serve families across North Texas. You've Seen Us On But first, please watch this video by Attorney Hailey Klingbeil explaining the new child support cap and what it means for Texas families. Watch: 2026 Texas Child Support Cap Explained https://youtu. be/i5yIZwIEUHc What Is the New Texas Child Support Cap? Effective September 1, 2025, the cap on monthly net resources used to calculate guideline child support under Texas Family Code § 154. 125 rose from $9,200 to $11,700. This change accounts for inflation and the increasing costs of raising children in Texas, including housing, childcare, education, and healthcare. The cap sets the maximum income level courts use when applying guideline percentages to calculate child support. Under the current guidelines, a noncustodial parent with one child pays 20 percent of their monthly net income, up to the cap. With the new cap, that same calculation applies to a higher income ceiling, which could significantly increase monthly child support for higher-earning parents. While this change affects the guidelines, courts still have discretion to deviate in certain circumstances. For most families, however, this adjustment will be the default starting point and could result in substantial changes to support amounts if a parent seeks a modification after the law takes effect. Free Tool: 2026 Child Support Calculator What Are "Net Resources" Under Texas Law? Under Texas Family Code § 154. 062, "net resources" are the income courts use to calculate child support. They go beyond just your take-home pay from wages. Income that counts: Wages, salary, overtime, commissions, bonuses, rental income, dividends, self-employment income, retirement income, and most other income sources. Income excluded: Means-tested public assistance (like TANF, SSI, or SNAP) and foster care payments. Certain deductions are then subtracted to reach "net resources," including: Federal income tax (calculated as if the parent is a single person using the standard deduction) Social Security taxes (or mandatory retirement contributions if not paying into Social Security) Union dues The cost of the child's health and dental insurance In simple terms: net resources equal total income minus allowed deductions. This is the figure courts use when applying the guideline percentages. You can estimate your obligation using our Texas child support calculator. How Does the Texas Child Support "Cap"... > Varghese Summersett has again earned a spot on the prestigious Inc. 5000 list of America's fastest-growing private companies. Learn more. - Published: 2025-08-12 - Modified: 2025-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/inc-5000-list/ Varghese Summersett has again earned a spot on the prestigious list of America's fastest-growing private companies, marking the third time the law firm has earned this recognition for its continued growth and success. Overall, the firm ranks No. 1306 on the 2025 Inc. 5000 list, with a three-year revenue growth of 335 percent. It also placed 28th in the legal category and 55th in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The rankings, released on August 12, highlight the nation’s most dynamic and successful independent entrepreneurial businesses across a wide range of industries. "We are honored to have made the Inc. 5000 list of America's fastest-growing companies for the third time in our 11-year history," said Benson Varghese, founder and managing partner of the firm. "We started as a criminal defense firm in a one-room office with $9,000 I borrowed from an uncle. Since then, we have expanded into family law and personal injury law, added three more locations, and now employ over 70 employees. We attribute our growth and success to our incredible team and our ability to be at the forefront of innovation within the industry. ” Varghese also founded Lawft, a law practice management platform. Varghese Summersett also made the Inc. 5000 list in 2024 and 2018. According to the Inc. 5000, the companies on this year’s list “generated a whopping $300 billion in revenue in 2024, each with a unique growth story. ” “We have worked tirelessly to build a firm that not only delivers exceptional results, but also provides an unmatched client experience, supports and uplifts our team, and gives back to the communities we serve,” said Anna Summersett, the firm’s co-owner and named partner. “Our growth is a direct reflection of the trust our clients place in us, the hard work of our team, and our unwavering commitment to doing what’s right — for our clients, for our firm family, and for our community. ” Texas is home to 519 Inc. 5000 companies this year, with a median growth rate of 181 percent and a combined $38 billion in revenue. This year, 120 of the Inc. 5000 companies are in the legal industry, collectively generating $1. 3 billion. Seventeen of those law firms are based in Texas, where Varghese Summersett ranked fifth among its peers. For complete results of this year’s Inc. 5000, including company profiles and an interactive database that can be sorted by industry, location, and other criteria, go to www. inc. com/inc5000. About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premier personal injury, criminal defense, and family law firm in Texas dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. Each division is full of experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has been named a DFW Favorite, Best Law Firm, Readers’ Choice, Small Business of the Year, Best Company to Work For, and Best Place for Working Parents, among other accolades. The firm’s lawyers have also been recognized as Top Attorneys, Super Lawyers, Rising Stars, Best Lawyers, and Ones to Watch... > Suspect infidelity? Discover the 15 most dangerous cheating apps, how to detect digital affairs, and what Texas law says about adultery and divorce. A must-read! - Published: 2025-08-01 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/cheating-apps/ Cheating apps are smartphone applications designed to hide secret communications, store intimate photos, or facilitate affairs while appearing innocent. These apps disguise themselves as calculators, news readers, or file managers, making digital infidelity easier to conceal than ever before. If you've noticed your spouse becoming secretive with their phone or stepping away to take calls, these tools may explain why. In Texas, evidence gathered from these apps can affect divorce proceedings. While Texas allows no-fault divorce, adultery remains valid grounds for a fault-based divorce under Texas Family Code Section 6. 003. Proof of an affair can influence property division, spousal support, and even child custody decisions. This guide covers the most common cheating apps, how to identify them, and what steps to take if you discover digital infidelity. Understanding these tools can help you protect yourself, your family, and your financial future. Related: Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer | Southlake Divorce Lawyer | Dallas Divorce Attorney | Denton County Divorce Lawyer How Has Digital Infidelity Changed Affairs? Affairs no longer require secret motel meetings or whispered phone calls. Today's infidelity often happens entirely through apps, with cheaters texting affair partners while sitting next to their spouse on the couch. The shift to digital communication has made cheating both easier to conduct and harder to detect. These applications are built specifically to avoid detection. Developers invest heavily in creating apps that look like everyday utilities while hiding sophisticated messaging systems. Some appear as calculators or news readers. Others exploit legitimate privacy features to enable secret relationships. For suspicious spouses, keeping pace with these evolving concealment methods presents a real challenge. What Are the 15 Most Dangerous Cheating Apps? The apps below represent the most common tools used for digital infidelity. They range from disguised vault apps to mainstream social platforms with hidden features. Understanding how each works can help you recognize warning signs. 1. NewsTalk NewsTalk displays real news articles from legitimate sources, complete with breaking news notifications. Your spouse could scroll through headlines right in front of you without revealing its true purpose. But hidden beneath this disguise lies a complete cheating platform. The secret interface requires a specific combination of actions to access, such as long-pressing the refresh button while entering a code. Once unlocked, users gain access to encrypted messaging, voice and video calls, and secure file sharing. NewsTalk can delete all evidence from both the sender's and receiver's devices simultaneously. When a secret message arrives, the phone displays what looks like a news alert. If your spouse has suddenly become obsessed with checking the news multiple times per hour, especially during dinner or bedtime, NewsTalk might be the reason. 2. Snapchat With over 750 million users worldwide, Snapchat has made disappearing messages normal. While teenagers use it for filters and fun, married adults exploit its deletion features for more destructive purposes. Messages vanish after viewing. Stories disappear after 24 hours. The platform alerts users if someone screenshots their content. For someone conducting an affair, these features provide multiple... > Ghislaine Maxwell was recently granted limited immunity—specifically, proffer immunity—by the DOJ. Learn more about immunity in criminal cases. - Published: 2025-07-26 - Modified: 2025-07-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/immunity-in-criminal-cases/ Ghislaine Maxwell Granted Limited Immunity This month, Ghislaine Maxwell was granted limited immunity—specifically, proffer immunity—by the Department of Justice (DOJ). This arrangement was made so Maxwell could participate in multi-day interviews with federal officials, including Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche. In this article, the federal criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett reak down what proffer immunity entails, how it differs from other forms of immunity in criminal cases, and what it could mean for Maxwell's legal exposure and potential cooperation with ongoing federal investigations. Types of Immunity in Criminal Cases Maxwell’s recent grant of limited immunity demonstrates how the federal justice system can utilize different types of immunity in criminal cases to advance investigations. In this case, the DOJ offered her proffer immunity so she could speak openly during interviews without fear that her statements would be used against her—at least directly. But not all immunity in criminal cases works the same way. There are several types, each offering varying levels of protection. Here’s a quick breakdown of the main types you’ll see in federal cases: Transactional Immunity ("Total Immunity") Absolute protection from prosecution for any offense related to the testimony. Rarely granted federally. Use and Derivative Use Immunity Prevents use of the witness's statements and evidence derived from them, but prosecution can still proceed on the basis of independently gathered evidence. Common in federal cases. Proffer Letter Immunity ("Limited"/"Conditional" Immunity) Protection for statements made under cooperation discussions; prohibits direct use of those statements for prosecution except under specified conditions (such as providing false information). Proffer Letter Immunity with Ghislaine Maxwell Proffer letter immunity covers only statements made during these interviews, which means federal prosecutors cannot use her interview statements to bring additional criminal charges against her related to the specific subject matter she discusses in these meetings. However, any evidence obtained through other means remains admissible against her, and if she lies during these discussions, the protection dissolves, allowing her statements to be used for perjury or obstruction charges. Maxwell's interviews reportedly involved discussing "about 100 different people" tied to Jeffrey Epstein's criminal network and related activities. The limited immunity ensures she can answer the DOJ's questions without fear such answers will directly expose her to new prosecution, but it is not a blanket or retroactive protection for other, unrelated crimes, nor does it undo her prior conviction or sentence. Listen: Ghislaine Maxwell's Immunity Agreement Explained Benson Varghese · Ghislaine Maxwell's Grant of Immunity to Reveal Epstein Secrets Could Maxwell Receive Benefits for Cooperating? What is Rule 35? In the U. S. legal system, a strong mechanism for possible post-conviction benefits is Rule 35 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Under Rule 35, prosecutors can file a motion asking the court to reduce a defendant's sentence if that individual provides "substantial assistance" in investigating or prosecuting others after sentencing. At present, Maxwell's attorney maintains that there is no explicit promise of such relief. However, if the DOJ determines that her information leads to successful investigation or prosecution of... > Find out how Texas law handles unavoidable accidents. See how Lozada v. Posada could influence Camp Mystic flood cases and natural disaster defenses. - Published: 2025-07-22 - Modified: 2025-07-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/unavoidable-accident/ What is an Unavoidable Accident? Picture this: You're cruising down a foggy highway, staying alert and following the rules. Then out of nowhere, a tire blows. The vehicle spins out, blocks the lanes, and another driver collides with you. Whose fault is it — or is no one at fault at all? That's the essence of the unavoidable accident doctrine — a legal concept that recognizes not every mishap stems from carelessness or negligence. At its core, an unavoidable accident occurs when a collision happens without negligence on the part of anyone involved. Negligence boils down to not acting as a reasonably prudent person would under the circumstances. If all parties were driving responsibly, keeping their vehicles in shape, and an unforeseen event like a mechanical glitch or harsh weather intervenes, liability doesn't attach. This isn't an excuse for reckless behavior; it's reserved for situations where prevention was genuinely impossible despite due care. Historical Development of the Unavoidable Accident Doctrine in Texas Law Before diving into its modern application, it’s important to understand where the unavoidable accident doctrine comes from and how it has evolved in Texas law. This doctrine didn’t appear overnight — it developed over decades through judicial interpretation and practical necessity. By tracing its historical roots, we can better appreciate why it remains a nuanced but significant aspect of negligence law in Texas. Early Origins and Evolution Texas courts have grappled with this idea for more than a century. It first appeared as a jury instruction, designed to help fact-finders weigh whether an incident was truly faultless when assessing blame. Early rulings, such as those involving train wrecks and industrial accidents, highlighted that some events unfold without human error. Modern Refinements By the late 20th century, particularly in Reinhart v. Young, the Texas Supreme Court, cautioned against overusing these jury instructions, noting they might muddle jurors into viewing it as a standalone defense rather than an aspect of the negligence inquiry. The Court emphasized limiting its use to cases with specific evidence of unforeseeable, unavoidable events. Today, it's treated as an inferential rebuttal defense — challenging the plaintiff's proof of fault without shifting the entire burden to the defendant. How the Doctrine Works in Practice Here's the practical side: The injured party must demonstrate the defendant's carelessness. When a defendant invokes unavoidability, it's essentially a challenge: "Show me how this could have been prevented through reasonable actions. " Applications include sudden health issues behind the wheel or wildlife darting into traffic. Judges seldom issue specific instructions now to prevent confusion. It overlaps with concepts like sudden emergency — reacting to an abrupt threat — or acts of God, but the crux is unforeseeability without underlying neglect. How Lozada v. Posada Changes the Unavoidable Accident Doctrine Case Overview Fast-forward to a recent Texas Supreme Court decision that refines and sharpens the unavoidable accident doctrine: Osvanis Lozada and TELS, Inc. v. Cesar R. Posada, handed down per curiam on June 20, 2025. This pivotal ruling provides long-awaited clarification on... > Injured due to a property owner’s failure to provide adequate safety? Call for a free consultation with a Texas negligent security lawyer today. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2025-07-10 - Modified: 2025-07-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-negligent-security-lawyer/ What is Negligent Security? Negligent security falls under premises liability law in Texas. It refers to situations where a property owner or manager fails to provide reasonable security measures, resulting in harm to someone on the property. This might include physical attacks, sexual assaults, robberies, or shootings that could have been prevented with proper precautions. Under Texas law, property owners have a legal duty to provide a reasonably safe environment for guests, tenants, and visitors. When they breach this duty and someone is injured or killed as a result, the victim—or their family—may have a valid negligent security claim. It happens every day. You turn on the news and hear a report about someone being attacked in a hotel parking lot, shot at an apartment complex or assaulted in a dimly lit stairwell. These tragedies don’t just happen—they’re often the result of negligent security. Property owners who fail to take reasonable steps to protect tenants, customers, or guests from foreseeable dangers can and should be held accountable. At Varghese Summersett, our Texas negligent security lawyers stand up for victims whose lives have been shattered by crimes that could have—and should have—been prevented. If you or a loved one has sustained injuries or died due to a preventable crime or dangerous condition on someone else's property, a negligent security lawyer at Varghese Summersett can help you pursue justice and compensation. In this article, we explain what negligent security is, how it happens, who can be held accountable, and how our team can help. For a free consultation, call Varghese Summersett at 817-203-2220. We have offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. How Negligent Security Accidents Happen Negligent security accidents occur when property owners or managers fail to implement reasonable safety measures that could prevent foreseeable harm. These failures create an environment where violent crimes or dangerous incidents are more likely to occur. In Texas, property owners owe a legal duty to protect visitors from known or reasonably foreseeable dangers—including criminal acts by third parties. Common Locations Where Negligent Security Incidents Occur Negligent security incidents can occur anywhere, but they are particularly common in areas with high foot traffic and minimal security oversight. These include: Apartment Complexes: Tenants expect their homes to be safe. Yet, many complexes have broken locks, malfunctioning gates, or poorly lit stairwells and parking lots. When management ignores previous crimes or tenant complaints, it increases the risk of assaults, robberies, or worse. Hotels and Motels: Visitors often assume hotels are secure. But when staff fail to screen guests, monitor security footage, or secure access to guest-only areas, intruders can exploit these weaknesses—leading to theft, sexual assaults, or violent attacks. Nightclubs and Bars: These establishments can become chaotic, especially at closing time. Without proper crowd control, security staff, or emergency response plans, fights, stabbings, or shootings can erupt—putting patrons at risk. Parking Lots and Garages: Isolated and poorly monitored parking areas are common scenes for muggings, assaults, or carjackings. When property owners fail to install cameras or ensure... > The flooding in central Texas has raised numerous questions about what could be done to better protect our kids. Could a Camp Mystic lawsuit effect change? - Published: 2025-07-08 - Modified: 2025-08-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/camp-mystic-lawsuit/ Words Fail Words cannot fully describe the loss felt by so many during the tragic floods in the Texas Hill Country on July 4, 2025. It is impossible to convey the pain endured by families who went to sleep whole the night before, only to be torn apart by morning. In the heartache, questions swirl. Could anything have been done differently? Investigations — and lawsuits when appropriate — aren't about punishment or retribution. They're not about financial recovery. There is nothing any parent or loved one wouldn't give for just one more moment. One more hug. One more "good night. " No, investigations and legal actions serve one purpose: to ensure that a tragedy like this never happens again. The Tragedy That Unfolded The flooding on the Guadalupe River caused widespread destruction across six Texas counties, claiming at least 110 lives, including at least 27 children and counselors from Camp Mystic. The disaster began when an extraordinary amount of rainfall fell across the Texas Hill Country in the early morning hours of July 4. Between 10 to 15 inches of fell in just a few hours, with some areas receiving up to 12 inches in a three-hour period. To put this into perspective, the region received in just four hours the equivalent of four months' worth of typical rainfall. The Guadalupe River experienced a dramatic and rapid rise, with the river gauge at Hunt recording a 22-foot rise in just two hours. In Kerrville, the river rose from less than 2 feet to over 34 feet between 2:00 AM and 7:00 AM. Camp Mystic: The Epicenter for Loss Camp Mystic, a nearly 100-year-old Christian summer camp for girls, became the epicenter of this tragedy. The camp, which hosted 750 girls between the ages of 7 and 17 at the time of the flooding, suffered catastrophic damage when the Guadalupe River overflowed its banks in the early morning hours. Camp Mystic stands as one of Texas's most storied summer camps, founded in 1926 as "Stewart's Camp for Girls" by E. J. "Doc" Stewart, a former University of Texas football coach who had served from 1923 to 1926. Stewart had already found success with Camp Stewart for boys, which he founded two years earlier in 1924, before turning his attention to creating a parallel experience for girls along the pristine Guadalupe River. The camp's transformation came in 1937 when it was purchased by Agnes "Ag" and Gillespie "Pop" Stacy, who renamed it "Camp Mystic. " The name change reflected the almost magical quality of the Texas Hill Country setting — the towering cypress trees, the crystal-clear river water, and the starlit nights that had already begun creating lifelong memories for young Texas girls. During World War II, the Stacy family's stewardship was briefly interrupted when the federal government leased the property from 1943 to 1945 as a convalescent camp for Army Air Corps veterans, but the camp returned to its original mission after the war. Since 1968, Camp Mystic has been owned... > Supreme Court rules First Step Act's lighter §924(c) penalties apply when pre-Act sentences are vacated for resentencing in Hewitt v. United States. Learn more. - Published: 2025-06-27 - Modified: 2025-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/hewitt-v-united-states/ On June 26, 2025, the Supreme Court made a key decision in Hewitt v. United States. This 5-4 ruling helps make federal sentencing fairer by applying the 2018 First Step Act’s newer, shorter penalties to defendants whose earlier sentences were vacated and need a new one. In this article, our federal defense attorneys break down this ruling in a simple, easy-to-understand way and explore why it matters. What Was the Problem with Old Sentencing Rules? Before 2018, federal law (18 U. S. C. §924(c)) was very strict for people convicted of using a gun during a violent crime, like a robbery. The first gun charge meant at least 5 years in prison. But if you had more gun charges in the same case, each one added 25 years on top of the others. This was called “stacking,” and it led to extremely long sentences—sometimes 100 years or more. Many people, including judges and lawmakers, thought these sentences were way too harsh and didn’t fit the crime. In 2018, Congress passed the First Step Act to fix this. The new law said first-time offenders should get 5 years for each gun charge, not 25. This made sentences much shorter. The Act also said it could apply to some cases from before 2018, but only if a sentence wasn’t “set” by the time the law passed in December 2018. The big question in Hewitt v. United States was: What happens if someone got a sentence before 2018, but it was later thrown out (vacated) for legal reasons? When they get a new sentencing, should they face the old 25-year penalties or the new 5-year ones? The Case: Who Was Involved? Tony Hewitt, Corey Duffey, and Jarvis Ross were convicted in 2009 for multiple bank robberies and related §924(c) gun charges. For their first gun charge, each got 5 years. But for every extra gun charge, they got 25 years added on, leading to total sentences of over 325 years each. These massive sentences were a result of the old “stacking” rules. After the First Step Act passed, another Supreme Court case in 2019 (United States v. Davis) changed things. It said the definition of a “violent crime” in the §924(c) law was too vague, so some gun charges were no longer valid. Because of this, Hewitt, Duffey, and Ross had some of their convictions thrown out. Their sentences were also canceled, and they were sent back to court for resentencing. At their new sentencing hearings, they argued that they should receive the 5-year penalties under the First Step Act, as their original sentences had been vacated. However, the lower court disagreed and applied the old 25-year penalties, resulting in long sentences again. Listen: Hewitt v. United States Analysis Benson Varghese · Hewitt v. United States: Federal Sentencing After the First Step Act What Did the Supreme Court Decide? The Majority’s View Justice Jackson wrote the majority opinion, joined by four other justices. They said the First Step Act’s new 5-year penalties should... > If you have been injured in an accident caused by poor or unsafe road conditions, call 817-203-2220 to speak with a road defect accident lawyer. - Published: 2025-06-26 - Modified: 2025-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-road-defect-accident-lawyer/ Fort Worth Road Defect Accident Lawyer Texas has more than 70,000 highways, farm-to-market roads, frontage strees, and park roads — and that’s not even counting streets within towns or cities. With all of this infrastructure, it’s no surprise that road defects and hazards are responsible for a staggering number of injury accidents every year in the Lone Star State. But this shouldn’t be the case. Local, state, and federal governments have a responsibility to keep our roads safe for everyone. That means regularly inspecting them for hazards, correcting poor designs, and taking action when needed — failure to do so can result in tragedy. If you have been injured or someone you love has been killed in an accident caused by poor or unsafe road conditions or hazards in Fort Worth or the surrounding area, someone should be held accountable. That’s where a Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer comes in. At Varghese Summersett, we are dedicated to helping injured victims and their families obtain compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. We understand that no amount of money can undo what happened, but we will fight for the financial security you need to move forward with your life. In this article, our Fort Worth road defect accident lawyer explains various types of unsafe road conditions, liability in these types of cases, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Importantly, our team works on contingency, which means you will never pay us anything upfront or out-of-pocket. We are only paid if, and when, we get compensation for you. Common Types of Road Defects and Hazards There are several types of road defects or hazards that are the basis of personal injury claims in Texas. These defects, if not promptly and properly addressed, can result in accidents causing injury or even death. Here are some common ones: Potholes and Road Wear Over time, roads can develop potholes and cracks due to the wear and tear of a road surface, often exacerbated by harsh weather conditions. Potholes can cause drivers to lose control of their vehicles, leading to accidents. Uneven Pavement Changes in the level of the road surface, often due to poor maintenance or construction work, can be hazardous. Lack of or Improper Signage Signs are essential for notifying drivers of speed limits, upcoming turns, pedestrian crossings, and other important information. Missing, unclear, obscure, or incorrect traffic signs can lead to confusion or misjudgment on the part of drivers. Inadequate Lighting Poorly lit roads can make it difficult for drivers to see hazards, other vehicles, or pedestrians, especially at night. Faulty Traffic Lights Traffic lights are crucial for managing traffic flow and ensuring safety at intersections. Malfunctioning traffic lights can create confusion and lead to collisions. Road Design Flaws Some roads may be unsafe due to their poor road design can include sharp turns without proper warning signs, inadequate or nonexistent shoulder space, and unsafe slopes or grades. Construction Zone Negligence Inadequate... > Gutierrez v. Saenz: U.S. Supreme Court rules in favor of Texas death row inmate seeking DNA testing — marking a significant moment for post-conviction rights. - Published: 2025-06-26 - Modified: 2025-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/gutierrez-v-saenz/ Supreme Court Rules Texas Death Row Inmate Can Challenge DNA Testing Law Understanding Gutierrez v. Saenz On June 26, 2025, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a significant ruling in Gutierrez v. Saenz, holding that a Texas death row inmate has the legal standing to challenge the state's restrictive DNA testing procedures under the Due Process Clause. This 6-3 decision has important implications for prisoners seeking post-conviction DNA testing and highlights ongoing tensions between state procedural rules and federal constitutional rights. Background: The Crime and Conviction Ruben Gutierrez was convicted of capital murder in 1998 for his involvement in the killing of Escolastica Harrison, who was stabbed to death in her mobile home. The State's theory at trial was that Gutierrez wielded one of the two screwdrivers used in the stabbing. The jury convicted him and sentenced him to death. Gutierrez has consistently maintained that the police coerced his confession that he was inside Harrison's home, asserting that he never entered it and only thought his accomplices would rob an empty mobile home without harming anyone. His central argument is that he should not have been sentenced to death because he did not "actually cause" Harrison's death, "intend to kill" her, or "anticipate that a human life would be taken"—all requirements for a death sentence under Texas law. The Long Fight for DNA Testing For nearly 15 years, Gutierrez has sought DNA testing of crime-scene evidence, such as Harrison's nail scrapings, a loose hair, and various blood samples, to prove he was not in the home. This evidence, he argues, would demonstrate his ineligibility for the death penalty, even if he remains guilty of capital murder as a party to the robbery. Texas's Article 64 (also referred to as Chapter 64) allows DNA testing if a convicted person establishes by a "preponderance of the evidence" that they "would not have been convicted if exculpatory results had been obtained". However, Texas courts repeatedly denied Gutierrez's requests for DNA testing: 2010: The TCCA reasoned that even if his DNA was not found, it wouldn't establish his innocence of capital murder because he could still be a party to the robbery that resulted in death. 2019: Courts again denied his motion, with the TCCA reiterating that DNA testing was unavailable solely to show death penalty ineligibility. The Federal Lawsuit and Path to the Supreme Court Gutierrez then filed a federal lawsuit under 42 U. S. C. §1983, arguing that Texas's DNA testing procedures violated his liberty interests in utilizing state post-conviction procedures. The District Court agreed in part, finding it fundamentally unfair that Texas provides a right to challenge a death sentence via habeas petitions but prevents obtaining DNA testing to support those petitions unless innocence of the underlying crime is established. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated this judgment, holding that Gutierrez lacked standing because his claimed injury was not "redressable. " The appeals court reasoned that even if Gutierrez won his constitutional challenge, the prosecutor would be unlikely to allow... > From crimes and caves to courts and custody, check out 47 new Texas laws from the 89th Texas Legislature—and some failed bills. Here's our 2025 Legislative Update. - Published: 2025-06-24 - Modified: 2025-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/2025-legislative-update/ After 140 days of committee hearings, floor debates, public testimony, and political maneuvering, the 89th Texas Legislature ushered in a new wave of Texas laws, hundreds of which went into effect on September 1. Gov. Gregg Abbott signed more than 1,100 bills — many of which address criminal, family, and personal injury law — while over 8,000 others failed to pass, reflecting a lower-than-usual passage rate of roughly 14 percent. In our 2025 legislative update, we take a look at 47 of the most interesting or impactful new Texas laws that made it past the finish line, as well as key proposals that failed to pass but remain on the radar for future sessions. After all, where there is political momentum and public interest, there is always the potential for revival. New Texas Laws 1. Trey's Law: Sexual Abuse Victims Will Not Be Silenced SB 835, Effective Sept. 1, 2025 Senate Bill 835 - commonly referred to as "Trey's Law" - bans the use of non-disclosure agreements to silence victims of sexual abuse. The bill is named after Trey Carlock, a Dallas native who was abused as a child and later died by suicide after being required to sign an NDA as part of a settlement. The law applies to both child and adult victims and will also void existing NDAs that have previously prevented survivors from speaking out. Read more about Trey's Law. 2. Grayson's Law: Intoxication Manslaughter Penalties for Illegal Aliens HB 2017, Effective Sept. 1, 2025 House Bill 2017, known as "Grayson's Law," increases the mandatory minimum sentence for intoxication manslaughter from 2 years to 10 years if the defendant was unlawfully present in the United States at the time of the offense. Named in honor of Grayson Davis, a young victim killed by a suspected drunk driver without legal status, the law also bars those convicted under this provision from receiving community supervision, deferred adjudication, parole, or mandatory supervision until they have served at least 10 calendar years — without credit for good conduct time 3. Stronger Penalties for Attempting to Kill Police HB 1871, Effective Sept. 1, 2025 This law increases the penalty for attempted capital murder of a peace officer to 25 years to life in prison, with no possibility for parole. Prior to the new law, the minimum sentence for this offense was five years in prison, and those convicted were eligible for parole. 4. Tougher Laws for Sex Offenses HB 1422, Effective Sept. 1, 2025 This legislation expands protections for victims of sex crimes and increases penalties for offenders — especially those targeting children. Key provisions include: Creates the new criminal offense of "continuous sexual abuse of adults" for individuals who commit multiple sex offenses against two or more victims within a 30-day period. This extends protections that previously only existed for child victims. Harsher Sentencing: Increases the severity of punishment for repeat and serial sex offenders by allowing courts to impose consecutive (stacked) sentences for multiple sexual assault convictions, regardless of... > Trey's Law is groundbreaking legislation banning the use of Non-Disclosure Agreements in sexual abuse cases, allowing victims to speak out. Learn more. - Published: 2025-05-30 - Modified: 2025-06-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/treys-law/ Texas has unanimously passed and signed into law a groundbreaking piece of legislation that will transform how sexual abuse survivors speak about their experiences. Known as Trey's Law — Senate Bill 835 — the measure bans the use of nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) to silence victims of sexual abuse. It also applies retroactively, voiding existing NDAs that have prevented survivors from sharing their stories. Governor Greg Abbott signed the bill into law on Saturday, June 21, 2025, and it is set to take effect on September 1, 2025. The Tragic Story Behind Trey's Law Trey Carlock was just a child when he attended Camp Kanakuk in Missouri, where he became one of dozens of victims sexually abused by camp official Pete Newman. Years later, as an adult seeking justice, Trey pursued a civil lawsuit against the camp. But when he reached a settlement, he was forced to sign a nondisclosure agreement that silenced him — an agreement he would later call "blood money. " "So you accept the payout, but it feels like a bribe," his sister Elizabeth testified before the Texas House. "My brother referred to his as blood money. " The weight of that silence, combined with the trauma of his childhood abuse, proved unbearable. Trey Carlock died by suicide at age 28, a Dallas native whose story would ultimately spark a movement to end the weaponization of NDAs against sexual abuse survivors. Understanding NDAs in Texas: The Legal Foundation Before exploring how Trey's Law alters the landscape, it's essential to understand what nondisclosure agreements are and how they currently function under Texas law. A nondisclosure agreement is a legally binding contract where one or more parties agree not to disclose certain confidential information. In Texas, NDAs are governed primarily by common law contract principles, with enforcement handled through the state's civil court system under the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. Current Legal Framework: Non-Disclosure Agreements in Texas are enforceable as contracts, meaning they carry the full force of law. They are commonly used in business settings to protect trade secrets, proprietary information, and other confidential data. The agreements are presumptively valid if they meet basic contract requirements: offer, acceptance, consideration, and mutual assent. What NDAs Currently Allow: Under existing Texas law, properly drafted NDAs can prohibit parties from disclosing virtually any information designated as confidential. This broad scope has been exploited in sexual abuse cases to silence victims about not just settlement amounts, but the underlying facts of their abuse, institutional knowledge of predatory behavior, and patterns of cover-up. Penalties for Violation: Breaking an NDA in Texas typically results in civil penalties under contract law. Violators can face monetary damages (often including attorney fees if specified in the contract), injunctive relief to prevent further disclosure, and in some cases, punitive damages. The four-year statute of limitations under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Section 16. 004 applies to breach of contract claims, giving enforcers significant time to pursue violations. Why This Matters for Abuse Cases: This legal... > The Grapevine Lake accident - a jet ski crash that killed a young woman - raises questions about wrongful deaths in boating crashes and who can be held liable. - Published: 2025-05-29 - Modified: 2025-05-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/grapevine-lake-accident/ The devastating Memorial Day weekend tragedy at Grapevine Lake that claimed the life of 18-year-old Ava Moore presents multiple avenues for civil litigation and raises complex questions about liability, negligent entrustment, and insurance coverage. As the Moore family grieves the loss of their daughter — an Air Force Academy Preparatory School graduate weeks away from basic training — they face critical decisions regarding potential wrongful death and survival action claims. In this article, our personal injury attorneys explain the legal implications surrounding the Grapevine Lake accident, including who may be held liable, the potential for wrongful death and survival action claims, the challenges involved in securing compensation in boating and jet ski incidents and what steps grieving families should take to protect their rights and pursue justice. What Happened on Grapevine Lake? On May 25, 2025, at approximately 5:20 p. m. , Ava Moore was kayaking near Oak Grove Park on Grapevine Lake when she was struck from behind by a jet ski operated by 21-year-old Daikerlyn Alejandra Gonzalez-Gonzalez. According to arrest affidavits, the jet ski was traveling at a high rate of speed and dangerously close to other people in the water. Witnesses told investigators that Moore and other kayakers tried to paddle away before she was struck from behind. Lisa Scrabeck, a witness at the lake, helped render aid to Ava Moore after she was pulled ashore. She checked for a pulse and heartbeat and confirmed that Moore was wearing a life jacket, which was removed before CPR began. Despite immediate medical attention, Moore died from severe head trauma at the hospital. The jet ski driver fled the scene with 21-year-old Maikel Coello Perozo, crashing into multiple vehicles during their escape. Police found both suspects at a Dallas residence with packed suitcases — suggesting they did not plan to return home anytime soon. Who Can Be Held Responsible in a Boating or Jet Ski Accident? In the aftermath of the Grapevine Lake accident, many people are wondering who can be held responsible for Moore's tragic death. Wrongful death cases involving personal watercraft can involve multiple parties, depending on the facts of the incident. Responsibility may fall on the operator, the craft’s owner, or even a rental company — particularly if safety regulations were violated or the watercraft was negligently entrusted to an unqualified or reckless driver. Below is a breakdown of potential civil liability in fatal boating and jet ski accidents, with a focus on direct operator responsibility, negligent entrustment by private owners, and possible liability by rental companies. 1. Direct Operator Liability The woman accused of operating the jet ski, Daikerlyn Alejandra Gonzalez-Gonzalez, faces multiple criminal charges, including second-degree felony manslaughter charges, reckless operation and excessive speed of a personal watercraft, and leaving the scene of an accident involving death. These serious charges not only carry criminal consequences but also serve as strong evidence for civil liability under several legal theories: Negligence Per Se: In many recreational boating accident cases, victims may pursue civil claims under the... > Gov. Abbott has vetoed SB 3, the THC ban that would have outlawed all intoxicating hemp-derived products like delta-8 and THCA. Find out what this means for Texans. - Published: 2025-05-25 - Modified: 2025-09-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sb-3-thc-ban-vetoed/ Texas Governor Vetoes THC Ban: What It Means for Consumers, Businesses, and Politics In a late-night decision that sent shockwaves through Texas politics, Governor Greg Abbott vetoed Senate Bill 3 (SB 3) just before midnight on June 22, 2025, preserving the state's $8 billion hemp industry and avoiding what critics called a legal disaster waiting to happen. Abbott’s veto was more than a simple rejection of prohibition. It was a calculated move shaped by constitutional concerns, lessons from other states, and a growing call for balanced regulation over blanket bans. In his detailed veto statement, the governor cited the fate of similar laws in Arkansas, which remain tied up in federal court and effectively unenforceable, emphasizing that Texas cannot afford years of legal limbo while public safety issues worsen. This pivotal moment set Texas policy on a new trajectory. After months of gridlock and legislative deadlock, Abbott took bold executive action on September 10, 2025, issuing an order that brings unprecedented restrictions and regulations for hemp-derived THC products — marking the dawn of stricter oversight, enforcement, and consumer protection across the state. The Midnight Veto As the clock approached midnight on Sunday, Governor Abbott made a decision that would affect millions of Texans: he vetoed SB 3, a bill that would have banned virtually all hemp-derived THC products in the state, including popular delta-8 and delta-9 products. The governor didn't mince words about his reasoning. Calling the bill "well-intentioned" but fundamentally flawed, Abbott warned it would face "valid constitutional challenges" and pointed directly to Arkansas, where similar legislation has been tied up in federal court for nearly two years. Abbott’s veto preserved legal access for adults and kept the $8 billion hemp industry intact, but it also set the stage for renewed debate around how Texas should protect children and regulate these products responsibly. In the months that followed, legislative attempts to revisit the issue stalled, leaving both lawmakers and regulators seeking a solution that balanced consumer safety with business interests. Responding to these ongoing concerns — and recognizing that comprehensive legislation remained elusive — Governor Abbott issued Executive Order GA-56 on September 10, 2025. This decisive action prohibits the sale of hemp-derived THC products to anyone under 21, and instructs the Department of State Health Services (DSHS) and the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) to require government-issued ID verification at retail points, with license revocation for violators. The order further directs DSHS to strengthen product testing and labeling, increase licensing fees for enhanced enforcement, improve recordkeeping, and coordinate oversight across state and local agencies. What Would Have Happened If SB 3 Became Law? Had Abbott signed the bill, Texas would have witnessed a seismic shift in how the state treats hemp products. The possession, production, or distribution of hemp-derived THC products would have become criminal offenses overnight, with many violations carrying felony charges. This wasn't just about removing products from store shelves—it was about potentially criminalizing thousands of Texans who currently use these products legally. An $8 billion industry... > The TAKE IT DOWN Act establishes federal criminal penalties for publishing nonconsensual intimate images and digital forgeries ('deepfakes') - Published: 2025-05-19 - Modified: 2026-02-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/take-it-down-act/ In a significant legislative move aimed at combating online harassment and exploitation, the federal government has enacted the "Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act," widely known as the TAKE IT DOWN Act. This new law creates federal criminal offenses designed to crack down on individuals who knowingly share nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, including realistic digital manipulations known as "deepfakes. " The act specifically amends Section 223 of the Communications Act of 1934, expanding federal criminal jurisdiction to target online publication of intimate visual images shared without consent. Under the newly established provisions, prosecutors can pursue charges against individuals using online platforms or interactive computer services, such as social media or websites, to distribute explicit images without permission. https://youtu. be/Tyzl9zBtPUw Offenses Involving Authentic Images The act makes it illegal to knowingly publish intimate visual depictions online involving adults under specific conditions: the individual depicted must have had a reasonable expectation of privacy, the image must not have been voluntarily disclosed publicly or commercially, and the image must not represent a matter of public concern. Importantly, the publication must either intend to cause harm or actually result in psychological, financial, or reputational damage. For offenses involving minors, defined as individuals under 18 years old, the act imposes stricter criteria and harsher penalties. It criminalizes publication intended to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or sexually gratify. Punishment Ranges under the TAKE IT DOWN Act Type of Offense Adult Victims (18+) Minor Victims (Under 18) Publishing Authentic Images Up to 2 years imprisonment, fines Up to 3 years imprisonment, fines Publishing Digital Forgeries (Deepfakes) Up to 2 years imprisonment, fines Up to 3 years imprisonment, fines Threats to Publish Authentic Images Up to 2 years imprisonment, fines Up to 3 years imprisonment, fines Threats to Publish Digital Forgeries (Deepfakes) Up to 18 months imprisonment, fines Up to 30 months imprisonment, fines Digital Forgery (Deepfake) Offenses Recognizing the growing threat posed by increasingly sophisticated technological manipulations known as "deepfakes," the TAKE IT DOWN Act explicitly criminalizes the publication of digitally forged intimate images. Such images are often created through artificial intelligence or other digital technologies to realistically mimic an individual's appearance in explicit scenarios. To prosecute individuals for publishing these deepfakes, the law mandates similar conditions to those involving authentic images: the digital forgery must be published without the individual's consent, must not represent publicly or commercially disclosed content, and must not be a matter of public concern. Like authentic images, prosecution requires evidence that the publication intended harm or actually caused substantial damage. Criminalizing Threats The law also targets threats to publish nonconsensual intimate images, explicitly penalizing threats used to intimidate, coerce, extort, or inflict mental distress. Robust Enforcement and Additional Penalties To further strengthen enforcement, the TAKE IT DOWN Act authorizes courts to mandate forfeiture of assets directly linked to these offenses, including equipment and profits from the illegal activity. Additionally, courts may order restitution to compensate victims for financial and emotional harm caused by the... > Questioned or arrested after a Texas massage parlor raid? Speak to an experienced criminal defense attorney today. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-05-13 - Modified: 2025-05-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/massage-parlor-raid/ Massage parlor raids in Texas have become increasingly common as law enforcement agencies target businesses suspected of prostitution, solicitation, and human trafficking. These operations are often the result of long-term investigations involving local police, the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation (TDLR), and sometimes federal agencies. Whether you are a client, employee, or business owner, being implicated in one of these raids can carry severe legal and personal consequences. In this article, the defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain massage parlor busts in Texas, the criminal charges that can result, and why it is critical to act immediately if you have been arrested or accused of a sex crime. We also outline the recent changes in Texas law that allow the TDLR to shut down businesses suspected of illegal activity — even before formal charges are filed. Recent Massage Parlor Raids in Fort Worth In recent months, multiple massage parlors in Fort Worth have been raided and shut down after investigations uncovered suspected illegal activity. Violations have included employees working without proper licenses, evidence of illegal services being offered to customers, and suggestive online advertising of illicit services. The ongoing crackdown has been led by the Fort Worth Police Department and TDLR, and similar enforcement actions have occurred in other Texas cities, including Round Rock and Houston. A recent change in Texas law now allows TDLR to issue emergency closure orders for businesses suspected of illegal activity — even before any criminal charges are filed. These massage parlor stings are a preemptive tool when there is credible evidence of human trafficking, sexual misconduct, or criminal operations masked as legitimate business. Common Charges From Massage Parlor Busts in Texas When law enforcement raids a massage parlor suspected of illegal activity, it often leads to criminal charges. Below are the most common charges stemming from massage parlor investigations and raids in Texas — along with the potential penalties individuals may face under the law: Prostitution – Texas Penal Code § 43. 02 A person commits prostitution if they knowingly offer or agree to engage in sexual conduct for a fee. Both service providers and clients can be charged. First offense: Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2,000 fine Second offense: Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to 1 year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine Third or subsequent offense: State jail felony, punishable by 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine Solicitation of Prostitution – Texas Penal Code § 43. 021 A person commits solicitation of prostitution if he or she knowingly offers or agrees to pay a fee to another for the purpose of engaging in sexual conduct with that person or another. First offense: State jail felony, punishable 180 days to 2 years in a state jail facility and up to a $10,000 fine If the person solicited is under 18: Second-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 20 years in prison and up... > Injured in a Texas pool accident? Our swimming pool accident lawyers fight for justice and compensation. Free consultation. No fee unless we win. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2025-05-07 - Modified: 2025-05-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-swimming-pool-accident-lawyers/ Swimming pools are a source of fun and relaxation in Texas, especially during our blistering summer months. But they also come with serious risks. Whether at a private residence, apartment complex, public pool, or hotel, a momentary lapse in safety can lead to catastrophic injury or even death. If you or a loved one has sustained injuries or died due to a pool-related incident, a swimming pool accident lawyer at Varghese Summersett can help you pursue justice and compensation. In this article, our attorneys explain the various ways pool accidents occur, common injuries, who can be held liable, and how we can help. Types of Swimming Pool Accidents and How They Occur Swimming pool accidents can happen in an instant and often result from preventable negligence. Common types of swimming pool accidents in Texas include: Drowning and Near-Drowning Drowning and near-drownings are the most severe and tragic pool-related incidents. Children are especially vulnerable, and lack of proper supervision or inadequate barriers (like fencing) are often contributing factors. According to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, drowning is one of the leading causes of accidental death among children in the state. Slip and Falls Pool decks, ladders, and diving boards can become slick with water, sunscreen, or algae, creating a hazardous environment. Property owners must regularly inspect and maintain walking surfaces to reduce slip hazards. Diving Injuries Improper signage or allowing diving in shallow areas can lead to spinal cord injuries, paralysis, or traumatic brain injuries. These cases frequently involve premises liability. Entrapment or Suction Incidents Defective or improperly maintained pool drains can trap swimmers, especially children, by their limbs or hair, sometimes resulting in serious injury or drowning. Electrical Shock Pools with faulty wiring or lighting can become a death trap. Electrocution is rare but deadly and usually results from code violations or negligent installation. Chemical Burns and Respiratory Injuries Improperly maintained chlorine levels or mixing of pool chemicals can cause skin irritation, burns, or respiratory damage from inhaling toxic fumes. Common Swimming Pool Injuries Swimming pool accidents often lead to serious, life-altering injuries — especially when negligence, inadequate supervision, or unsafe conditions are involved. These injuries can affect victims physically, emotionally, and financially for years to come. Some of the most common and devastating injuries include: Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI): A prolonged lack of oxygen during submersion can lead to severe brain damage. Victims of near-drowning incidents may suffer memory loss, cognitive impairment, developmental delays (in children), or permanent neurological damage. In the worst cases, the result is a persistent vegetative state or death. Spinal Cord Injuries and Paralysis: Diving into shallow or poorly marked water can result in catastrophic spinal cord injuries. Victims may experience partial or total paralysis (paraplegia or quadriplegia), requiring lifelong medical care, adaptive equipment, and home modifications. Broken Bones and Fractures: Slip-and-fall accidents are common around wet pool decks. A simple fall can lead to broken arms, legs, hips, or even skull fractures — especially in children and elderly individuals. These injuries... > Pain and suffering is hard to quantify in personal injury cases. That's why you shouldn't rely on a pain and suffering calculator for an estimate. Learn more. - Published: 2025-05-01 - Modified: 2025-07-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pain-and-suffering-calculator/ After an accident, it’s natural to want answers — especially when it comes to how much your case might be worth. That’s why online pain and suffering calculators are so popular. They offer quick estimates based on your medical bills, lost wages, and the severity of your injuries. These tools can seem helpful in a moment of uncertainty. But relying on them can be misleading, and in many cases, downright harmful to your claim. https://youtu. be/yfFL8Hvs2UA At Varghese Summersett, our experienced Texas personal injury attorneys take a personalized, strategic approach to every case. Below, we explain how pain and suffering is evaluated and why real legal guidance — not an online pain and suffering calculator — is essential to truly understanding your case’s value. What is Pain and Suffering? Pain and suffering refer to the physical discomfort and emotional distress a person endures as a result of an injury. Unlike economic damages, such as hospital bills or property repair costs, pain and suffering are intangible losses. They are subjective and vary greatly from person to person. In Texas, pain and suffering damages are recognized under the umbrella of non-economic damages. According to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 41. 001, non-economic damages include "physical pain and suffering, mental or emotional pain or anguish, loss of consortium, disfigurement, physical impairment, loss of companionship and society, inconvenience, loss of enjoyment of life, and injury to reputation. " Examples of pain and suffering could include chronic back pain from a car accident; anxiety or depression following a dog attack; PTSD after a serious motorcycle collision; and disfigurement or scarring resulting from a burn injury. We expand on the types of pain and suffering below. Types of Pain and Suffering in Texas Pain and suffering damages in Texas are divided into two primary categories: physical and mental. Fully understanding these types helps ensure that every aspect of your suffering is properly valued and compensated. Physical Pain and Suffering Physical pain and suffering refer to the direct bodily injuries and the ongoing discomfort caused by the accident. Common examples include: Immediate Pain from Broken Bones: The sudden, sharp pain of fractures can be debilitating, often requiring extensive treatment and long-term care. Lingering Migraines After a Head Injury: Traumatic brain injuries can trigger severe, persistent headaches that interfere with concentration, work, and daily activities. Surgical Pain and Recovery Discomfort: Post-operative pain from surgeries such as spinal fusion, joint repair, or internal injuries can linger for months, affecting mobility and quality of life. Chronic Conditions Caused by Injury: Serious accidents can lead to permanent health problems like arthritis, nerve damage, or degenerative disc disease, which cause daily suffering and limit physical capabilities. Physical pain is not just temporary. It often reshapes how victims live their lives, affecting everything from mobility to employment to relationships. Mental Pain and Suffering Mental pain and suffering focus on the emotional and psychological injuries stemming from the accident. These are just as real — and just as compensable — under Texas... > Texas House Bill 3330 and Senate Bill 1124 (identical bills) seek to undo key elements of the Michael Morton Act. Learn what our criminal lawyers think about this legislation. - Published: 2025-04-30 - Modified: 2026-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/michael-morton-act-under-attack/ The Michael Morton Act Under Attack In 2013, the Texas Legislature unanimously passed the Michael Morton Act, one of the most significant reforms to criminal procedure in state history. Signed into law by Republican Governor Rick Perry, the Act was designed to prevent wrongful convictions by requiring prosecutors to disclose all material evidence as soon as practicable after a timely request by the defense. This meant turning over all the evidence in the possession of prosecutors and law enforcement agencies, removing ambiguity about what must be turned over and when. Its purpose was clear: to ensure that criminal trials are decided on all the facts, not just those the State chooses to disclose. The law was passed in response to the wrongful conviction of Michael Morton, who spent nearly 25 years in prison for the murder of his wife, Christine Morton. Key evidence pointing to his innocence was withheld by the prosecution: A neighbor reported seeing a suspicious man with a green van near the Morton home before the murder; Morton's young son told family members his father wasn’t home during the attack; The victim’s credit card was used in San Antonio days after her death; and A bloody bandana containing DNA from another man was found near the crime scene. That other man, Mark Norwood, was later convicted not only for the murder of Christine Morton but also for a second murder — Debra Baker in 1988 — committed while he remained free due to the State's suppression of evidence in Morton’s case. The lead prosecutor, Ken Anderson, knowingly withheld this exculpatory evidence and falsely claimed in court that he possessed nothing favorable to the defense. A Court of Inquiry, convened by the Texas Supreme Court, found Anderson withheld exculpatory evidence from the defense. Anderson was criminally charged, pled guilty to contempt of court, surrendered his law license, resigned from the bench, and served jail time — making him the first prosecutor in Texas history to be jailed for misconduct in a wrongful conviction. Now, House Bill 3330 and Senate Bill 1124 (identical bills) seek to undo key elements of the Michael Morton Act. They would narrow the State’s obligation to disclose evidence, allow prosecutors to unilaterally redact or withhold portions of materials, and shift the burden to defendants to justify requests for discovery. These proposals are not technical adjustments — they represent a rollback of the most important due process reform in Texas criminal law in a generation. The Michael Morton Act: A Mandate for Transparency Born from Injustice Prior to the Michael Morton Act, Texas law did not require prosecutors to disclose most evidence in their possession, and many jurisdictions operated with closed file policies. Disclosure was often selective and discretionary, leading to widespread concerns about trial by ambush and the routine withholding of potentially exculpatory evidence. The resulting system bred wrongful convictions and undermined public trust. The Michael Morton Act addressed these failures by: Requiring the disclosure of all material evidence, broadly defined; Expanding "the State"... > Varghese Summersett received the Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award on April 25 — a prestigious honor presented by the Rotary Club of Fort Worth. - Published: 2025-04-25 - Modified: 2026-06-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/rotary-minority-business-award/ Varghese Summersett has received the Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award — a prestigious honor presented by the Rotary Club of Fort Worth to recognize minority-owned businesses that exemplify core values and best practices. Out of 125 nominated businesses, six finalists were selected and recognized on April 25 during a special awards luncheon held at the Fort Worth Club. Moving videos showcasing the top three finalists — including Varghese Summersett — were played before the award was presented by Fort Worth Mayor Mattie Parker. https://youtu. be/zecF3tv3ODw “It is an incredible honor to receive the Richard L. Knight Rotary Minority Business Award,” said Benson Varghese, founder and managing partner of Varghese Summersett. “To be recognized by a city and an organization that has given so much to businesses like ours is truly humbling. Fort Worth has embraced me and our firm from the very beginning, and I am deeply grateful. This award is a reflection not just of our team’s hard work, but of a community that believes in lifting up others. We are proud to call Fort Worth home. ” The Rotary Minority Business Awards program was established five years ago by the Rotary Club of Fort Worth to honor minority-owned businesses that have demonstrated core elements of the Rotary through leadership, community engagement, and outstanding business practices in Fort Worth. This year, the award was renamed to honor the late Richard L. Knight, a respected community leader who passed away in the spring of 2024. Knight made significant and lasting contributions to Fort Worth’s minority business community, particularly through his visionary leadership and tireless advocacy. Knight’s family was present at the event and paid tribute to his legacy, along with remarks from NBC5 anchor Deborah Ferguson, who emceed the program, and last year’s award recipient, Jeff Postell Jr. , president and CEO of Post L. Group. “Richard Knight was a great entrepreneur,” Postell said. “And as entrepreneurs, you are the fuel that powers the people in our community. ” Following the tributes and remarks, the six finalists were recognized for their outstanding achievements before the top honorees were announced. They included: 6th Place: MOOV USA Inc. 5th Place: iSalt (Institute for Success and Leadership Training) 4th Place: HUSTLE-BLENDZ COFFEE 3rd Place: Vasse Rendezvous 2nd Place: CleanJet 1st Place: Varghese Summersett After Varghese Summersett was announced as the winner, Benson Varghese took a few moments to express gratitude and reflect on his personal journey. “I took my wife, Anna Summersett, and my three boys to India last month. It was their first time visiting where I was born and spent my formative years," Varghese said. "I was born in a house without plaster on the walls, without running water. In South India, electricity comes and goes. To go from that to where we are today — to be blessed to work with amazing people and impact families — is incredible. It reminds me that it’s not just the United States that is the land of opportunity — Fort Worth... > Learn how a living trust works in Texas. Avoid probate, protect assets, and plan ahead with Varghese Summersett’s experienced attorneys. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-04-22 - Modified: 2025-12-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/living-trust/ A living trust in Texas is a legal document that places your assets into a trust during your lifetime and allows those assets to be managed for your benefit while you're alive — and then smoothly transferred to your chosen beneficiaries after your death. Unlike a will, which goes through probate, a living trust can bypass that process entirely, saving your loved ones time, money, and stress. In this article, the estate planning attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain living trusts in Texas, including the types available, how they work, and how they can help protect your assets and provide for your loved ones. https://youtu. be/pywJIAW-Wis How Does a Living Trust Work in Texas? When you create a living trust, you (the grantor) transfer ownership of your property, such as real estate, bank accounts, investments, or even personal items, into the trust. You name a trustee (often yourself, initially) to manage the trust during your lifetime. You also designate a successor trustee who will take over if you become incapacitated or after your death. This allows your assets to be distributed directly to your beneficiaries without needing court involvement. Example: If you own a house in Fort Worth and want your daughter to inherit it, placing it in a living trust means she can take ownership quickly after your death — without waiting on probate court proceedings. Types of Living Trusts in Texas While the term "living trust" often refers to a revocable living trust, Texas law recognizes several forms, each suited to different goals and circumstances. Understanding the distinctions can help you make the right decision for your estate planning needs. Revocable Living Trust A revocable living trust allows you to change or revoke the trust at any time. It offers flexibility, but does not shield assets from creditors. This type of trust is commonly used to avoid probate and maintain privacy in the management and distribution of your assets. Irrevocable Living Trust An irrevocable living trust cannot be changed or revoked without court approval or beneficiary consent. It offers greater protection from creditors and potential tax advantages. Because the assets are removed from your taxable estate, this type of trust is often used for advanced estate planning strategies. Testamentary Trust A testamentary trust is created through your will and becomes active after death. Unlike living trusts, these do go through probate but can still be used to control asset distribution. Testamentary trusts are often used to manage assets for minor children or beneficiaries who may not be ready to handle a large inheritance. Special Needs Trust A special needs trust preserves a disabled beneficiary’s eligibility for government benefits while providing supplemental financial support. This type of trust is carefully structured to avoid disqualifying the beneficiary from essential aid programs like Medicaid or Supplemental Security Income (SSI), while still enhancing their quality of life. Who Needs a Living Trust in Texas? A living trust isn’t just for the wealthy. In fact, it can be especially beneficial for: Parents of young... > Learn how subrogation in personal injury claims affects your Texas settlement. Discover your rights and how Varghese Summersett protects your recovery. - Published: 2025-04-20 - Modified: 2025-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/subrogation-in-personal-injury/ When you're injured in an accident, you may assume that any insurance coverage you have—health, auto, or otherwise—will take care of your bills without strings attached. But if another party is responsible for your injuries, your insurance company may seek repayment through a process known as subrogation. In Texas, subrogation in personal injury cases can significantly impact the amount of compensation you receive. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain subrogation, how it could impact your settlement, and why an experienced attorney is vital in subrogation matters. What is Subrogation in Personal Injury Claims in Texas? Subrogation is a legal right that allows an insurance company to seek reimbursement for money it has paid on your behalf from a third party who is legally responsible for your loss. In the context of a personal injury case, this typically means your insurer wants to be paid back from the compensation you receive—either through a settlement or a court award. Here’s a common example: Suppose your health insurance pays $15,000 in medical expenses after you’re injured in a car accident. Later, you receive a $100,000 settlement from the at-fault driver’s insurance company. Your health insurer may then assert a subrogation claim to recoup the $15,000 it paid for your treatment. When an insurance company exercises its right of subrogation, it essentially steps into your shoes to pursue repayment from the person or party that caused the harm—most often the at-fault driver or their insurer. The primary goal is to shift the financial burden back to the responsible party and recover the funds the insurer advanced on your behalf, which may include medical bills, property damage, or other covered losses. Subrogation can take different forms depending on the circumstances. Sometimes, the insurance company goes directly after the at-fault party or their insurer. However, more commonly, the insurer asserts its subrogation rights against you, the injured party, by placing a lien on your legal recovery. That means when you receive compensation, a portion of it may be earmarked to reimburse your insurance company for the expenses it already paid. While this process helps ensure that the party at fault ultimately bears the financial responsibility, it can reduce the amount you actually take home from your settlement. That’s why it’s important to understand how subrogation works and how it may impact your personal injury recovery. How Subrogation Works in Personal Injury Cases Subrogation in personal injury cases comes into play after you receive medical care and your insurance company pays your bills. If a third party is liable for your injuries, your insurer may notify you of its intent to pursue subrogation. Once you receive compensation from the at-fault party—either through a settlement or court award—your insurer may demand reimbursement for the amount it paid on your behalf. This is common in: Car accidents Truck accidents Slip and falls Workplace injuries with third-party liability Subrogation typically occurs behind the scenes, but it can delay the disbursement of your settlement funds if... > Texas House Bill 4806 proposes major changes to Texas personal injury law, favoring insurers over victims. Find out what’s at stake. - Published: 2025-03-19 - Modified: 2025-04-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-house-bill-4806/ A new bill in the Texas House of Representatives is sparking controversy by proposing significant changes to personal injury law that critics argue would favor insurance companies and large corporations at the expense of everyday Texans who get injured or lose loved ones due to negligence. Texas House Bill 4806, and its companion Senate Bill 30, seeks to significantly alter how personal injury claims are handled in the state. The bill, if passed, would implement substantial changes to how damages are calculated, what evidence can be presented in court, and how medical expenses are reimbursed in personal injury cases. The 24-page proposed legislation has sparked intense debate, with strong opinions on both sides. Proponents argue it will prevent excessive litigation and reduce insurance costs, while opponents claim it will limit personal injury victims’ ability to recover fair compensation and reduce corporate accountability. Critics have also labeled this bill as part of a broader effort to curb so-called "nuclear verdicts" —jury awards that result in exceptionally high damages against defendants. The personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the key provisions of this bill, offer examples of how it harms injury victims, and outline what Texans can do to fight against this legislation. https://youtu. be/_1l1CblQ1nM Key Provisions of House Bill 4806 1. Restrictions on Medical Expense Recovery One of the most controversial aspects of HB 4806 is its impact on how medical expenses are calculated in personal injury claims. Under current Texas law, plaintiffs can seek recovery for medical expenses that have been billed, even if they have received reductions or adjustments through insurance or other agreements. HB 4806 proposes that injury victims should only be able to recover the amount actually paid, rather than the full amount billed by healthcare providers. This change would dramatically reduce the amount plaintiffs can claim in damages, ultimately benefiting insurers and large corporations at the expense of injured Texans. Additionally, it would limit recovery for medical expenses incurred under Letters of Protection (LOPs), which many personal injury victims rely on for medical care. Further, HB 4806 ties medical expense recovery to a state database, limiting reimbursement to 150% of the median amount paid by non-government third-party payers. This means that individuals who receive treatment at hospitals with higher costs or who lack insurance may face significant financial hardship due to reimbursement limits. Additionally, failure to use available health insurance could be considered a failure to mitigate damages, meaning victims could be penalized for not using insurance, even if they preferred or were advised to seek care elsewhere. HB 4806 also eliminates the controverting affidavit, making it easier for insurance companies to dispute medical costs. Instead of requiring a formal affidavit to challenge medical expenses, defendants can now simply file a notice of intent to contest medical charges, making it harder for plaintiffs to prove their damages. 2. Caps on Non-Economic Damages Texas currently does not cap non-economic damages for most personal injury claims, except for medical malpractice cases, where a $250,000 cap applies. HB... > Facing Texas home invasion charges? Learn about laws, penalties, and defenses. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-203-2220 for immediate legal help. - Published: 2025-03-17 - Modified: 2025-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-home-invasion-charges/ A person’s home is their sanctuary—a place where they're supposed to feel safe and protected. When that sense of security is shattered by an intruder, the consequences can be severe. Texas law takes home invasions extremely seriously, treating them as violent felonies with some of the harshest penalties in the country. https://youtu. be/0pQ78YoRkTg Texas home invasion charges involve the unlawful entry into a residence with the intent to commit a crime—whether it’s theft, assault, or another felony—while the occupants are inside. These cases fall under Texas Penal Code § 30. 02 (burglary of a habitation) and other related statutes. They are often classified as first-degree felonies, meaning a conviction could result in life in prison. Prosecutors in Texas aggressively pursue home invasion cases, pushing for maximum sentences. A strong legal defense is critical. If you are facing Texas home invasion charges, your future is on the line. In this article, the experienced criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the law, potential penalties and possible defenses. We defend clients in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and the surrounding areas. What Constitutes a Home Invasion in Texas? Home invasion itself is not a separate charge under Texas law but is prosecuted under multiple criminal statutes, including: 1. Burglary of a Habitation – Texas Penal Code § 30. 02 A person commits burglary of a habitation if they enter a home or building without consent and intend to commit a felony, theft, or assault. This is the most common charge in Texas home invasion cases and is classified as: First-degree felony if the intent was to commit a felony other than theft (5 to 99 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine). Second-degree felony if the intent was only theft (2 to 20 years in prison, up to $10,000 fine). Example: Someone breaks into a home while the residents are inside, intending to assault the homeowner. Even if the assault does not occur, the mere intent results in Texas home invasion charges as a first-degree felony. 2. Aggravated Robbery – Texas Penal Code § 29. 03 If an intruder enters a home and commits robbery while using a deadly weapon, causing serious injury, or targeting an elderly or disabled victim, they will face aggravated robbery charges, a first-degree felony. Example: A masked person breaks into a home, points a gun at the occupants, and demands money. The presence of a firearm escalates the case to aggravated robbery. 3. Aggravated Kidnapping – Texas Penal Code § 20. 04 If an intruder enters a home and restrains, abducts, or holds someone hostage, aggravated kidnapping may apply. This is also a first-degree felony, punishable by up to life in prison. Example: During a home invasion, an intruder ties up a resident to prevent them from calling for help. Even if no further harm occurs, this could lead to Texas home invasion charges under aggravated kidnapping. Penalties for Texas Home Invasion Charges The penalties for Texas home invasion charges depend on the circumstances, such as whether a... > Dying without a will means the state controls your assets. Learn why a Last Will & Testament in Texas is essential and how Varghese Summersett can help. - Published: 2025-03-14 - Modified: 2026-02-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/last-will-testament-in-texas/ A Last Will & Testament in Texas is more than just a piece of paper—it's one of the most important legal documents you will ever create. It determines who inherits your assets, who oversees your estate, and who will care for your minor children if something happens to you. Without a legally valid will, Texas law dictates how your estate is divided, and the results may not align with your wishes. Many people mistakenly believe that estate planning is only for the wealthy, but in reality, a will is essential for anyone who owns property, has dependents, or wants to avoid unnecessary legal complications for their loved ones. A well-crafted will provides clarity, control, and peace of mind—ensuring that your hard-earned assets go where you intend and not where the government dictates. Texas has strict estate laws that impact how property is distributed when someone dies intestate (without a will). Understanding the importance of a Last Will & Testament and working with an experienced estate planning attorney ensures that your estate is protected. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the different types of wills, why they are important, what happens if you die without a Last Will & Testament in Texas and how an attorney can help. What Is a Last Will & Testament in Texas? A Last Will & Testament is a legal document that outlines how your assets should be distributed after your death. It allows you to: Name beneficiaries—who will inherit your money, property, and possessions. Appoint an executor—the person responsible for carrying out your wishes and managing your estate. Designate guardians—who will care for your minor children if you pass away. Make charitable donations—ensuring that certain causes or organizations benefit from your estate. Set conditions on inheritances—such as holding assets in a trust for young beneficiaries until they reach a certain age. A will only becomes effective upon your death. Until then, it can be updated, modified, or revoked at any time. In Texas, wills must meet specific legal requirements, outlined in Chapter 251 of the Texas Estates Code to be considered valid. Without a properly drafted will, your estate will be distributed according to Texas intestacy laws, which may not align with your wishes or your family's best interests. What Are the Different Types of Wills? Not all wills are created equal. Texas law recognizes several types of wills, each with unique benefits and risks: 1. Formal (Attested) Wills A formal will is the most legally secure type of will. It is: Typed or written, not oral. Signed by the testator (the person making the will). Witnessed by at least two competent adults who are not beneficiaries. A self-proving affidavit can be added, which means the will doesn’t need additional proof of validity in court—speeding up the probate process. 2. Holographic (Handwritten) Wills A holographic will is entirely handwritten and signed by the testator without witnesses. While Texas recognizes these wills, they are more vulnerable to legal challenges, as courts must verify... > Varghese Summersett cut the ribbon on its new Dallas location, reaffirming the firm’s commitment to serving clients with top-tier legal representation across Texas. - Published: 2025-03-13 - Modified: 2025-03-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-cuts-the-ribbon-on-new-dallas-location/ Dozens of people gathered on Wednesday for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Varghese Summersett’s new office in downtown Dallas. The law firm opened its newest location at 2100 Ross Avenue, in the Arts District of the Central Business District. The centrally located office allows the firm to serve more clients in the Dallas area who need top-tier legal representation in criminal defense, personal injury, and family law. “We’ve always wanted to have a strong physical presence in Dallas and we are excited to be an integral part of the Dallas community,” said Managing Partner Benson Varghese. “This new office provides a dynamic space for our team to continue delivering the exceptional legal representation and white-glove service that Varghese Summersett is known for. It strengthens our ability to serve clients facing complex legal challenges and reinforces our commitment to making a meaningful impact in their lives. ” The firm’s Dallas grand opening was hosted in partnership with the North Dallas Chamber of Commerce. Guests enjoyed a Bloody Mary and mimosa bar from Top Shelf Tending and hors d’oeuvres from Scratch Catering and Fine Foods, while touring the stunning space accented by Camellia Farm Flora. Guests also enjoyed a special performance by Ori Birk, a student at Booker T. Washington High School of the Performing Arts, who sang “Higher Ground” by Stevie Wonder. Later, his principal Garry Williams treated the guests to a moving a cappella performance of “A Change is Gonna Come. ” “This was such a wonderful event,” said Anna Summerett, a partner at Varghese Summersett, who was moved to tears by Williams’ performance. “It was especially meaningful to have special guests from Booker T. Washington join us, given that the school is just a few blocks away. Their performances added something truly special to the celebration. ” Sheena Winkfield, a criminal defense attorney based at the new Dallas office, agreed. “It was also amazing to feel the support from friends, family, members of the legal community, and the broader Dallas community,” Winkfield said. “This event was a reminder of how important it is to be surrounded by people who believe in what we do and the impact we strive to make. ” From left to right: Anna Summerett, Sheena Winkfield and Benson Varghese About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summerett is a premier criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. The firm’s roster is comprised of experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has more than a thousand 5-star Google reviews and has been named a fastest growing law firm by Inc. 5000. It has also been named a “DFW Favorite,” a “Best Place to Work” and a “Best Place for Working Parents,” among numerous other accolades. With four locations—downtown Fort Worth, downtown Dallas, Southlake, and Houston—Varghese Summersett continues to expand its reach, ensuring that more individuals and families have access to high-caliber legal representation. > Learn about criminal solicitation of a minor in Texas, its penalties, and defenses. Contact Varghese Summersett at (817) 203-2220 for expert defense. - Published: 2025-03-06 - Modified: 2025-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/criminal-solicitation-of-a-minor/ Criminal solicitation of a minor is a serious offense in Texas, and it happens more often than many realize. Law enforcement agencies and prosecutors aggressively pursue these cases, particularly when they involve violent crimes, sexual offenses, or human trafficking. Even a mere request or suggestion—without any action taken by the minor—can be enough to result in felony charges. Texas Penal Code §15. 031 defines criminal solicitation of a minor as the act of requesting, commanding, or attempting to persuade a minor (under 17) to engage in conduct that would amount to a felony. Given the state's tough stance on crimes against children, defendants facing these allegations can expect severe legal consequences, including possible prison time and, if it involves a sex crime, sex offender registration. If you or a loved one is facing charges related to criminal solicitation of a minor, it is crucial to understand the law, the potential defenses, and the possible penalties. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what constitutes criminal solicitation of a minor, the elements the prosecution must prove, the potential penalties, and why having an experienced defense attorney is essential when facing these serious charges. https://youtu. be/aTjX-nk53hg What Constitutes Criminal Solicitation of a Minor? Under Texas Penal Code Section 15. 031, criminal solicitation of a minor occurs when someone requests, commands, or attempts to induce a minor (under 17 years old) to engage in conduct that would constitute certain criminal offenses. The prosecution must prove three key elements: The defendant acted with intent that the minor engage in felony conduct The solicitation was directed at someone under 17 years of age The conduct being solicited would constitute a qualifying felony offense Importantly, the crime is complete upon the solicitation itself—it doesn't matter whether the minor actually commits or attempts to commit the felony. Applicable Offenses: When Criminal Solicitation Becomes Especially Serious Criminal solicitation of a minor becomes particularly serious when it involves offenses listed in Code of Criminal Procedure 42A. 054 (formerly known as "3g offenses"). These include: Category Specific Offenses Violent Crimes • Murder and capital murder • Aggravated kidnapping Sexual Offenses • Sexual Assault of a Child (§22. 011) • Aggravated Sexual Assault (§22. 021) • Indecency with a Child (§21. 11) • Sexual performance by a child • Continuous Sexual Abuse of Young Child or Children (§21. 02) Exploitation • Compelling Prostitution (§43. 05(a)(2)) • Trafficking of persons • Prostitution (§43. 02) • Solicitation of Prostitution (§43. 021) Other Serious Offenses • First-degree felony injury to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual • Using or employing a child younger than 18 to commit a 3g offense • Causing a child younger than 18 to participate in a 3g offense The Corroboration Requirement: A Unique Legal Protection A charge of criminal solicitation of a minor is serious, but there are legal defenses that may be available depending on the facts of the case. A strong defense strategy requires challenging the evidence, intent, and credibility of the... > Protect your legacy with top North Texas estate planning attorneys. Get trusted guidance on wills, trusts, and probate. Call Varghese Summersett at 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-03-05 - Modified: 2025-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/north-texas-estate-planning-attorneys/ Planning for the Unexpected: Why Estate Planning Matters No one likes to think about death, disability, or the unexpected twists life can take. It’s uncomfortable, even unsettling. But avoiding the conversation won’t stop the inevitable. What it can do, however, is leave your loved ones scrambling—facing unnecessary legal battles, financial strain, and uncertainty about your wishes. Estate planning isn’t just about dividing assets; it’s about protecting your family, ensuring your legacy, and making sure the people you care about most are taken care of when you no longer can. A well-crafted estate plan provides peace of mind, giving you control over your future while easing the burden on those you leave behind. In this article, North Texas estate planning attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain estate planning, the role of an attorney in this process, and how our law firm can help. We serve all of North Texas and have locations in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake. What is Estate Planning? Estate planning is the process of preparing for the management and distribution of your assets in the event of your death or incapacitation. It ensures that your wishes are carried out, minimizes legal complications, and protects your loved ones from unnecessary stress. Estate planning is not just for the wealthy—it is a critical step for anyone who wants to maintain control over their financial and medical decisions. A well-structured estate plan can dictate who inherits your assets, appoint guardians for minor children, establish medical directives, and even provide for the care of pets. Without a proper estate plan, Texas intestacy laws will determine how your estate is distributed, which may not align with your wishes. What Does an Estate Planning Attorney Do? An estate planning attorney in Texas helps individuals and families plan for the management and distribution of their assets during their lifetime and after their passing. Their role includes: Drafting Wills and Trusts – Ensuring that a person’s wishes regarding their property, guardianship of minor children, and other matters are legally documented and enforceable. Estate and Tax Planning – Helping clients minimize estate taxes and ensure a smooth transfer of wealth through various legal strategies, such as irrevocable trusts or gifting. Powers of Attorney – Preparing financial and medical power of attorney documents to designate someone to make decisions on behalf of the client in case of incapacity. Healthcare Directives – Drafting advance directives or living wills to specify a client’s medical preferences if they become unable to communicate their decisions. Probate and Estate Administration – Assisting families with probate proceedings, which is the legal process of validating a will, settling debts, and distributing assets. Guardianship and Special Needs Planning – Establishing legal guardianship for minors or adults with special needs and creating trusts to provide for their long-term care. Business Succession Planning – Helping business owners develop a plan for the transfer of ownership and management of their business in case of retirement, incapacity, or death. Asset Protection – Implementing strategies to protect wealth from potential creditors,... > Suffering from a broken bone or fracture due to someone's negligence in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consult with a Texas broken bone lawyer. - Published: 2025-02-26 - Modified: 2025-03-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-broken-bone-lawyers/ People with strong, healthy bones often take their mobility for granted. They work out, play sports, and go about their daily activities without a second thought. Then, in a split second, everything changes. A car crash, a slip and fall, or a workplace accident leaves them with a broken or fractured bone. Suddenly, simple tasks become monumental challenges. The injury affects every aspect of their life—personally and professionally. They weren't prepared for the physical pain, emotional distress, and financial hardship. https://youtu. be/5Yudix7t12I If you or a loved one has suffered a broken bone due to an accident that was caused by someone else's negligence, you may be entitled to monetary compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Your next call needs to be to a Texas broken bone lawyer who has vast experience handling broken bone cases and can help you get the compensation you deserve. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett, explain common causes of broken bones in personal injury cases, the process for recovering compensation, and how we can help. We offer no-cost, no-obligation consultation and if we take your case, we only get paid if we recover compensation for you. You will never pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket at our law firm. Common Causes of Broken Bones and Fractures Broken bones and fractures are among the most common injuries in personal injury cases. The force from an accident can be enough to shatter bones, leading to months of pain, medical treatment, and lost wages. Some of the most common personal injury accidents that result in broken bones include: Motor Vehicle Accidents: Car, truck, and motorcycle crashes generate immense force. Even with seat belts and airbags, the human body is no match for the impact of a high-speed collision. Fractured ribs, arms, legs, and collarbones are common. Workplace Accidents:Falls from heights, machinery malfunctions, and heavy equipment accidents often result in broken bones. Construction workers, warehouse employees, and industrial laborers are particularly at risk. Defective Products: Property owners have a duty to maintain safe conditions for visitors. Slippery floors, uneven pavement, poor lighting, or lack of handrails can lead to dangerous falls that result in broken bones. Elderly individuals and those with mobility issues are particularly vulnerable to these accidents. Premise Liability: Property owners have a duty to maintain safe conditions for visitors. Slippery floors, uneven pavement, poor lighting, or lack of handrails can lead to dangerous falls that result in broken bones. Elderly individuals and those with mobility issues are particularly vulnerable to these accidents. Explosions: Explosions can cause catastrophic injuries, including severe fractures. Whether from industrial accidents, gas leaks, or defective products, the force of an explosion can throw victims into hard surfaces, leading to broken bones and other life-altering injuries. Sports Injuries: Contact sports and extreme activities carry an inherent risk of broken bones. However, if an injury is caused by unsafe premises, defective equipment, or negligence by another party, the victim may have legal recourse. Assault and Battery:... > Avoid the biggest child custody case mistakes in Texas. Learn what not to do in a custody battle and protect your parental rights. - Published: 2025-02-24 - Modified: 2025-02-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-custody-case-mistakes/ Child custody cases are some of the most emotionally charged legal battles. When you’re fighting for time with your children, every decision matters. Texas family courts prioritize the child’s best interests, but parents often make critical child custody case mistakes that jeopardize their rights. A single misstep can cost you time, parental rights, and even your relationship with your child. In this article, our experienced family law attorneys explain the top 8 child custody case mistakes and how to avoid them to protect your parental rights. But first, please watch this video by Senior Associate Attorney Stephanie Sabelhaus. https://youtu. be/smbFGVI32Y8 1. Ignoring Court Orders Court orders are not suggestions. If the judge has issued a temporary custody or visitation schedule, you must follow it precisely. Violating a court order, even once, can paint you as an uncooperative or irresponsible parent. Judges frown upon parents who disregard their rulings, and repeated violations can result in contempt of court, loss of custody rights, or reduced visitation. Example: If the court orders you to return your child to the other parent by 6:00 p. m. on Sundays, but you repeatedly drop them off late, the other parent can use this as evidence that you are not respecting the court’s authority. 2. Badmouthing the Other Parent It’s understandable to have frustration toward your ex, but expressing those frustrations to your child—or even in public—can backfire. Texas courts consider which parent fosters a positive relationship between the child and the other parent. Speaking negatively about your co-parent can make you appear vindictive and unwilling to support your child’s relationship with them. Example: If your child tells the court-appointed amicus attorney that you constantly call the other parent a “deadbeat” or “liar,” the court may view you as a barrier to healthy co-parenting. 3. Moving Without Notifying the Court Texas law requires parents with primary custody to notify the court and the other parent before relocating. If you move without permission, the court may view this as an attempt to interfere with the other parent’s visitation rights. This can lead to a modification of custody or even loss of primary conservatorship. Example: If you accept a job in Austin and move from Fort Worth without a judge’s approval, you may be forced to return or lose custody. 4. Failing to Document Everything Custody battles often come down to evidence. One of the most common child custody case mistakes is failing to document any incidents, violations, or interactions that could affect your case. Keep records of missed visitations, concerning behavior or communication with your co-parent. Example: If the other parent consistently cancels visitations, keep text messages and emails as proof. If your case goes to court, this evidence can demonstrate their lack of involvement. 5. Posting Questionable Behavior on Social Media Social media can ruin your custody case. Anything you post online can be used as evidence against you. Texas courts take social media posts seriously, especially if they depict reckless behavior, partying, or anything that could... > Mediation in family law cases can be nerve-wracking. Here are 8 powerful tips to help you prepare and navigate the process with confidence. - Published: 2025-02-20 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mediation-in-family-law/ Mediation in family law is a structured process where a neutral third party helps divorcing spouses or parents in custody disputes reach agreements outside of court. In Texas, mediation is often required before a trial and can resolve issues like property division, child custody, and child support faster and with less expense than litigation. This guide covers the legal framework for mediation in Texas and provides eight essential steps to prepare for a successful mediation. We are proud to have trained mediators on our family law team, including Turner Thornton, who is also a highly experienced Texas family law attorney. What Is the Legal Framework for Mediation in Texas? Statutory Basis Texas law establishes a clear framework that encourages mediation as an effective means of resolving family disputes outside of court. The Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 154. 002 reflects the state's policy of promoting peaceful resolutions, positioning mediation as a preferred alternative to lengthy litigation. In cases concerning parent-child relationships, such as custody or visitation, the Texas Family Code § 153. 0071 governs the mediation process. It specifies that a mediated settlement agreement becomes legally binding once all parties sign it, provided the document includes a prominent statement (often in bold, capitalized, or underlined text) declaring its finality and irrevocability. Similarly, in divorce proceedings, Texas Family Code § 6. 602 outlines mediation requirements. An agreement reached here is enforceable if it is documented in writing, signed by the parties and their attorneys (if represented), and explicitly states that it is not subject to revocation. Confidentiality is another key component of mediation, protected under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 154. 073. This provision ensures that communications during mediation remain private, prohibiting mediators and participants from disclosing details in later proceedings unless specific exceptions apply. Additionally, in situations involving domestic violence, Texas Family Code § 153. 0071(f) mandates that courts assess whether mediation is appropriate, prioritizing the safety of all parties before proceeding. Is Mediation Always Required? While mediation is strongly encouraged in Texas family law, it is not universally required. Courts frequently order mediation in divorce and custody cases to explore settlement possibilities before resorting to a trial. However, this is not an absolute mandate. The decision hinges on the circumstances of each case. For instance, under Texas Family Code § 153. 0071(f), if a history of domestic violence exists, the court may determine that mediation poses risks and opt against it to safeguard those involved. In summary, Texas law endorses mediation as a valuable tool for resolving family disputes, but its application varies. Understanding when it is required (or when it may be bypassed) can help families approach the process with clarity and confidence. How to Best Prepare for a Family Law Mediation in Texas Mediation offers a constructive path to resolve family law disputes in Texas, sparing families the strain and cost of courtroom proceedings. Whether the issue involves divorce, child custody, or property division, thorough preparation is essential to achieving a successful outcome.... > Explore the proposed simplification of federal sentencing guidelines, eliminating most departures and emphasizing variances under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). Learn more. - Published: 2025-02-19 - Modified: 2025-03-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/proposed-simplification-of-federal-sentencing-guidelines/ A Shift from Departures to Variances Under 18 U. S. C. § 3553(a) On December 19, 2024, the United States Sentencing Commission (the "Commission") proposed a transformative amendment to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Manual ("Guidelines"), marking what could be the most significant overhaul since the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U. S. 220 (2005). The proposal aims to simplify the current three-step sentencing process outlined in Guidelines §1B1. 1 by eliminating the second step—consideration of formal departures—and effectively phasing out most departure provisions throughout the Guidelines. Instead, sentencing courts would rely more heavily on variances under 18 U. S. C. § 3553(a) to tailor sentences. This amendment is central to the proposed simplification of federal sentencing guidelines, which seeks to streamline judicial discretion while maintaining fairness in sentencing. This article provides a detailed analysis of the proposed simplification of Federal Sentencing Guidelines, exploring the concepts of departures and variances, their statutory foundations, the § 3553(a) sentencing factors, and the potential implications for federal sentencing law. The Current Three-Step Process Under §1B1. 1 The Guidelines, established under the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, provide a structured framework for federal sentencing. Post-Booker, which rendered the Guidelines advisory rather than mandatory, §1B1. 1 outlines a three-step process for determining a sentence: Step One: Calculate the Guideline Range (§1B1. 1(a)) The court determines the applicable offense level (Chapters Two and Three), criminal history category (Chapter Four), and sentencing options (Chapter Five, Parts B-G), yielding a guideline range. This range serves as the "starting point and initial benchmark" (Gall v. United States, 552 U. S. 38, 49 (2007)). Step Two: Consider Departures (§1B1. 1(b)) The court evaluates whether grounds for departure—specific adjustments outside the guideline range—exist, as provided in policy statements (Chapter Five, Parts H and K) and commentary throughout the Guidelines. Departures address specific offender characteristics or offense circumstances not fully accounted for in the range calculation. The proposed simplification of federal sentencing guidelines seeks to eliminate most departure provisions, making this step largely obsolete. Step Three: Apply 18 U. S. C. § 3553(a) Factors (§1B1. 1(c)) The court considers the statutory sentencing factors in 18 U. S. C. § 3553(a) to impose a sentence "sufficient, but not greater than necessary," either within or outside the guideline range. This step allows for variances—deviations from the range based on broader judicial discretion rather than specific departure provisions. Under the proposed simplification of federal sentencing guidelines, variances will become the primary method for courts to adjust sentences. This tripartite structure reflects a compromise between the Guidelines’ original mandatory framework and the post-Booker advisory regime. However, as judicial practice has evolved, the utility of Step Two has waned, prompting the Commission’s proposed overhaul. What are Departures? Definition: A departure is a sentence outside the calculated guideline range authorized by specific provisions or policy statements within the Guidelines Manual. Departures are grounded in the Commission’s determination that certain aggravating or mitigating circumstances were not adequately considered in formulating the guideline range (see 18... > In this article, we discuss civil mediation in Texas, what to expect at mediation, and how to prepare for mediation. - Published: 2025-02-18 - Modified: 2025-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-mediation-in-texas/ Civil Mediation in Texas: What You Need to Know Mediation has become an integral part of the civil litigation process in many jurisdictions, including Texas, where it serves as a preferred method for resolving disputes outside the courtroom. This article explores the nuances of mediation, its legal basis in civil lawsuits, the typical requirements for its use, and what actually occurs during a mediation session. What is Mediation in Civil Lawsuits? Mediation is a form of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) where a neutral third party, known as a mediator, assists disputing parties in reaching a mutually acceptable agreement. Unlike arbitration or litigation, mediation is non-binding; the mediator does not make a decision but facilitates negotiation between the parties. The goal is to achieve a resolution that is agreeable to all involved, often saving time, reducing costs, and preserving relationships that might be strained further by court battles. https://youtu. be/9ij_eX5BjEI Statutory Basis for Civil Mediation in Texas Civil mediation in Texas is supported by the Texas Alternative Dispute Resolution Act (Texas ADR Statute), which was passed in 1987. This statute, found in the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, specifically under Chapter 154, encourages the peaceful resolution of disputes through mediation. Section 154. 002 of the code articulates the state's policy to promote the mediation of issues and early settlement of litigation through voluntary procedures. Section 154. 021 allows courts to refer disputes to ADR procedures, including mediation. Section 154. 073 ensures the confidentiality of communications made during mediation, protecting the integrity of the process by preventing these discussions from being used in any subsequent judicial proceedings unless they fall under specific exceptions. Is Mediation Generally Required by Courts? While not universally mandated for every civil case, mediation is often required by Texas courts before parties can proceed to trial: Court-Ordered Mediation: Under Section 154. 021(a), a court may, on its own initiative or upon a motion by a party, refer a case to mediation. Most courts in Texas have adopted local rules or standing orders that require mediation before trial, particularly in areas like family law, personal injury, and commercial disputes. Objections and Sanctions: If a party objects to mediation, they must do so within 10 days of notification (Section 154. 022). Failure to object or to participate can lead to sanctions, as upheld in cases like Texas Dept. of Transportation v. Pirtle, where non-participation without objection resulted in sanctions. What Happens at Mediation? Preparation for Mediation Choosing the Mediator: Parties or their attorneys select a mediator with experience relevant to the case. Traits like neutrality, experience, and communication style are crucial. Pre-Mediation Briefs: Lawyers often submit mediation statements or briefs to the mediator outlining their case, key issues, and potential settlement terms. Client Preparation: Attorneys prepare their clients for the process, discussing expectations, possible outcomes, and the mediation's non-adversarial nature. Mediation Session Opening Joint Session: Here, the mediator introduces the process, and parties might make opening statements if not waived. This session sets the tone, allowing parties to express... > The Civil Statute of Limitations for Sexual Abuse in Texas is shorter than the criminal statute of limitations. Find out when you need to file by. - Published: 2025-02-17 - Modified: 2025-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-statute-of-limitations-for-sexual-abuse/ Understanding Texas Civil Statute of Limitations for Sexual Abuse Claims What are Statutes of Limitations? A statute of limitations in civil law represents the maximum time period within which a person must file a lawsuit after an injury or harm occurs. These time limits serve multiple purposes: they ensure claims are brought while evidence is still fresh and available, provide certainty to potential defendants about their legal exposure, and encourage prompt resolution of legal disputes. However, in cases of sexual abuse, particularly involving minors, traditional statute of limitations frameworks have been recognized as inadequate due to the unique nature of these injuries and the often delayed disclosure of abuse. Current Texas Law for Sexual Abuse Claims Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code Section 16. 0045, as amended by House Bill 3809 in 2019, establishes two distinct limitation periods based on the type of sexual abuse and the victim's age when the abuse occurred. Claims Involving Child Victims For personal injury claims arising from sexual abuse or assault of a child, the current law provides: Victims have until 30 years after their 18th birthday to file a civil lawsuit This means victims can file until age 48 The extended period applies to claims involving: Sexual abuse Aggravated sexual abuse Continuous sexual abuse Trafficking Compelling prostitution of a child Claims Involving Adult Victims For personal injury claims arising from sexual offenses against adults, the law establishes: A 5-year statute of limitations from the date of the incident This applies to adult sexual assault and other sexual crimes not involving minors https://youtu. be/XPJ5rJecw6s Sexual Abuse Civil Statute of Limitations Calculator Statute of Limitations Calculator Enter your Date of Birth (DOB) and the year the abuse ended. This calculator will provide a rough estimate of whether you may still be within the statute of limitations. Date of Birth: Year Abuse Ended (YYYY): Calculate Disclaimer: This calculator provides only an estimate. Many factors can affect the statute of limitations in your case. You should consult with an attorney to understand how the law applies to your specific situation. 2019 Amendment to Section 16. 0045 and Its Impact House Bill 3809, effective September 1, 2019, significantly extended the statute of limitations for child sexual abuse claims from 15 years after the victim's 18th birthday (age 33) to 30 years (age 48). However, this extension is not retroactive, leading to complex implications for different cases. Understanding Retroactivity Through Examples Example 1: Previously Expired Claims Consider a victim who was abused in 1990 at age 10: Under the old law, their claim expired when they turned 33 (in 2013) When HB 3809 passed in 2019, this claim was already time-barred The new law cannot revive this expired claim The victim has no legal recourse under the current statute Example 2: Still-Valid Claims Consider a victim who was abused in 2005 at age 10: Under the old law, their claim would have expired when they turned 33 (in 2028) When HB 3809 passed in 2019, their claim was still... > Sexual Abuse in Private Schools is sadly a recurring theme. Learn what you can do if someone you know was sexually abused at a private school. - Published: 2025-02-16 - Modified: 2025-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sexual-abuse-in-private-schools/ Holding Private Schools Accountable for Sexual Abuse in Texas When a teacher or faculty member sexually abuses a student, one would expect the school to be held accountable—especially if there were warning signs or ignored reports. In Texas, however, public schools are provided an unconscionable level of immunity that can make legal action against them extremely difficult. Private schools, by contrast, do not benefit from the same broad legal protections and it is still possible hold them responsible for the improper hiring and retention of employees who are involved in sexual abuse in private schools. Sexual Abuse in Texas Schools Schools should provide a secure environment where young people can learn, grow, and develop confidence. Families trust teachers, administrators, and other staff to guard their children against harm. Unfortunately, sexual abuse within educational settings continues to be a serious issue, and when such abuse happens, it is often a sign that the school’s protective measures have failed. Survivors of school-related abuse—and their families—may have legal avenues to seek justice and demand accountability from both the perpetrator and the institution. Taking the step to come forward can be emotionally overwhelming, yet the law does offer ways to pursue justice through civil claims, criminal charges, and institutional reforms. Understanding the nature of sexual abuse in schools is an essential first step. This form of abuse can be carried out by individuals in positions of authority—such as teachers, coaches, or other staff—or even by fellow students. In many cases, abusers manipulate their power or exploit a child’s trust, which makes it difficult for victims to speak out right away. Understanding Grooming in Schools Grooming is a manipulative process used by predators to gain access to a victim, build trust, and ultimately commit abuse while reducing the risk of being caught. This behavior can occur in schools, extracurricular activities, and online, often involving trusted adults such as teachers, coaches, or mentors. https://youtu. be/17pAyf2M4wk How Grooming Happens Grooming typically follows a pattern, making it essential to recognize the warning signs early. The process often includes the following stages: 1. Victim Selection Abusers carefully choose their victims based on their perceived vulnerability or ease of access. They may observe students and identify those who seem isolated, trusting, or in need of attention. 2. Gaining Access and Isolation To establish control, predators work to separate the victim from protective influences, such as parents, teachers, or friends. They may offer special treatment, private meetings, or extra help to create opportunities for one-on-one interactions. 3. Building Trust and Keeping Secrets Abusers manipulate victims by offering gifts, giving excessive attention, and creating a sense of special friendship. They often introduce secrecy, encouraging the child to hide details of their relationship from others. 4. Desensitization to Physical Contact and Sexual Topics What may start as seemingly innocent physical contact—such as hugs, playful wrestling, or back rubs—can escalate into inappropriate touching. Abusers may also introduce discussions about sexual topics, share explicit content, or test boundaries to make the victim more accepting of... > Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett, has been recognized as one of Fort Worth Inc.’s 40 Under 40 - an prestigous award for 2025. - Published: 2025-02-14 - Modified: 2026-01-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-ty-stimpson-named-a-40-under-40/ Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett, has been recognized as one of Fort Worth Inc. ’s 40 Under 40—a prestigious award honoring the city’s brightest and most promising leaders under age 40. Stimpson and the other honorees were celebrated on Thursday, Feb. 13, during a banquet at River Ranch Stockyards. He is also featured in this month’s edition of Fort Worth Inc. magazine. “It’s an honor to be recognized alongside so many exceptional men and women in this city,” Stimpson said. “This award represents more than just individual achievement—it’s a reflection of the mentors who paved the way for me, the clients who trust me to fight for them, and the community that continues to inspire me. ” This marks the first year Fort Worth Inc. has presented the 40 Under 40 awards. Previously, the Fort Worth Business Press oversaw the program, launching the initiative in 1994. Fort Worth Inc. acquired the distinguished program last year. The 40 Under 40 awards recognize rising leaders in Greater Fort Worth who are making a lasting impact in business and the community. Over the years, many honorees have become some of the region’s most influential figures. Now, under Fort Worth Inc. ’s leadership, the program continues its tradition of celebrating excellence and service. Stimpson embodies these qualities. As a partner at Varghese Summersett, he leads the firm’s Personal Injury Division, advocating for victims who have suffered catastrophic injuries or lost loved ones due to negligent or wrongful acts. His commitment to service extends far beyond the courtroom—he is actively involved in more than a dozen organizations, including the Tarrant Area Food Bank, Boys & Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County, and the Fort Worth Black Chamber of Commerce. Through these organizations and others, he champions causes that promote education, equality, and empowerment. His dedication to service and leadership has also earned him the 2023 Young Professional of the Year Award from the Fort Worth Chamber and the 2023 Dr. Marion Brooks “Legend in the Making” Award for Law. Stimpson is not the first attorney at Varghese Summersett to receive this esteemed recognition. Last year, Anna Summersett, co-founder of the firm, was also honored as a 40 Under 40 recipient. “We couldn’t be more proud of Ty and his well-deserved recognition as one of Fort Worth’s 40 Under 40,” said Managing Partner Benson Varghese. “Having back-to-back recipients from our firm is a testament to the great leaders we have on our team — driven individuals committed to excellence, philanthropy, and service to this city. ” (From Left to Right: Anna Summersett, Ty Stimpson, Benson Varghese) > Injured or loved one killed in a Texas industrial accident? Speak to an experienced Texas industrial injury attorney today. Free consultation. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-02-11 - Modified: 2025-03-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-industrial-injury-attorney/ Texas is the backbone of American industry. From oil refineries and chemical plants to manufacturing facilities and construction sites, industrial workers keep the economy running. But their jobs come with serious risks. Every year, thousands of Texas industrial workers suffer life-altering injuries or die due to hazardous conditions. Industrial corporations often prioritize profits over worker safety, cutting corners on maintenance, training, and equipment. When companies fail to protect their employees, the consequences can be catastrophic—explosions, toxic exposure, and fatal falls. If you have suffered an industrial injury or lost a loved one, you may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical or funeral expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. https://youtu. be/5Htd1k8gCkA In this article, our Texas industrial injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett give an overview of various types of industrial accidents, common injuries, who can be held liable, and how an experienced personal injury attorney can help. Types of Industrial Accidents An industrial accident is an unexpected event that occurs in a workplace, typically in an industrial setting such as construction sites, factories, warehouses, oil rigs, or manufacturing plants. These accidents often result in injuries, illnesses, or fatalities and can be caused by hazardous working conditions, equipment malfunctions, human error, or failure to follow safety protocols. Industrial accidents vary in severity, but many share common causes. Some of the most frequent types of industrial accidents include: Explosions and Fires: Oil refineries, chemical plants, and manufacturing facilities handle flammable materials daily. Poor safety protocols or equipment malfunctions can lead to devastating explosions and fires. Falls from Heights: Construction workers, scaffolders, and industrial laborers often work at significant heights. Faulty ladders, weak railings, or missing harnesses contribute to severe fall-related injuries. Machinery Accidents: Heavy machinery—like forklifts, conveyor belts, and assembly-line equipment—can cause crush injuries, amputations, and fatal accidents if not properly maintained or operated. Toxic Chemical Exposure: Industrial sites use hazardous substances that can cause immediate harm or long-term illnesses, including respiratory diseases and cancer. Electrocution: Unsafe electrical wiring, exposed power lines, and defective tools pose a constant electrocution risk for industrial workers. Common Industrial Injuries Industrial accidents often result in catastrophic injuries that leave workers unable to return to their jobs. Some of the most common industrial injuries include: Burns – Caused by fires, explosions, or chemical exposure Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) – From falls, falling objects, or machinery accidents Spinal Cord Injuries – Caused by falls, crush accidents or falling objects Amputations – Due to machinery malfunctions or crush accidents Respiratory Diseases – From prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals Hearing Loss – Caused by constant exposure to high-decibel machinery Broken Bones and Crush Injuries – Resulting from falls, equipment malfunctions, or heavy object collisions How Industrial Accidents Occur Industrial accidents are a serious concern that can lead to severe injuries, long-term health consequences, or even fatalities. These incidents often occur due to a combination of negligence, unsafe working conditions, and inadequate training. In many cases, accidents are preventable if proper safety protocols are followed, equipment is well-maintained, and... > Houston traffic deaths hit a record 345 in 2024. If you lost a loved one, our personal injury attorneys can help. Call today for a free consultation. 281-805-2220 - Published: 2025-02-04 - Modified: 2025-02-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/houston-traffic-deaths-hit-record-high/ There was a record number of Houston traffic deaths last year, solidifying the city's reputation as one of the most dangerous places in the nation for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. According to a recent article in the Houston Chronicle, 345 people died on city streets in 2024 - an alarming 15 percent increase from the year before. This is not just a statistic—it’s a crisis. Every one of these deaths represents a family left devastated, a community left mourning, and possibly a preventable tragedy that should have never happened. If someone you love has been killed on a Houston-area street, it's imperative to contact an experienced Houston personal injury attorney as soon as possible. In this article, our wrongful death attorneys discuss the primary causes of Houston traffic deaths, including pedestrian accidents, who can be held liable, and what family members should do to seek justice and compensation when tragedy strikes. But first, please watch this video by Ty Stimpson, who leads Varghese Summersett's personal injury team. https://youtu. be/eNk5sdgRnQ8 Common Causes of Houston Traffic Deaths Houston’s roads have become increasingly deadly, with a record number of traffic fatalities reported in 2024. Understanding the root causes of these tragedies is critical to preventing future accidents and holding negligent parties accountable. The most common causes of Houston traffic deaths include: 1. Drunk and Impaired Driving Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs continues to be one of the leading causes of fatal crashes in Houston. Impaired drivers have reduced reaction times, impaired judgment, and an increased likelihood of making deadly mistakes behind the wheel. 2. Speeding and Reckless Driving Excessive speed is a major factor in fatal accidents, as it reduces a driver’s ability to react to sudden hazards and increases the severity of collisions. Reckless driving, such as aggressive lane changes, tailgating, and street racing, also contributes to the rising death toll. 3. Distracted Driving With smartphones, in-car entertainment systems, and other distractions, many drivers are not fully focused on the road. Texting, talking on the phone, and even adjusting GPS settings can take a driver’s attention away for just a few seconds—often with deadly consequences. 4. Poor Road Conditions and Infrastructure Issues Houston’s rapid growth has led to congested highways, poorly designed intersections, and dangerous pedestrian crossings. Inadequate lighting, potholes, and missing or unclear traffic signs also play a role in fatal accidents. 5. Pedestrian and Cyclist Vulnerability Houston has long struggled with pedestrian safety. Many areas lack proper crosswalks, sidewalks, or bike lanes, forcing pedestrians and cyclists to navigate dangerous roadways. Drivers who fail to yield or watch for non-motorists contribute to the rising number of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities. 6. Running Red Lights and Stop Signs Intersections are among the most dangerous places on Houston roads. Many fatal crashes occur when drivers run red lights, ignore stop signs, or fail to yield the right of way—often at high speeds. 7. Weather-Related Crashes Houston’s unpredictable weather, including heavy rain and flash flooding, makes driving conditions hazardous. Many drivers... > Murder Case Study: On February 4, 2025, a Tarrant jury acquitted a Fort Worth man accused of murder in the fatal stabbing of his friend, finding he acted in self-defense. - Published: 2025-02-04 - Modified: 2025-02-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/murder-case-study/ On February 3, 2025, a Tarrant County jury acquitted a Fort Worth man accused of murder in the fatal stabbing of his friend, finding he acted in self-defense. Jurors in Judge Lee Gabriel’s court deliberated less than three hours before clearing Juan Ramos Escamilla of all charges related to the death of his friend, Augustine Pineda. The defense team of Kara Carreras, Christy Jack, and Audrey Hatcher argued that Escamilla was acting in self-defense when Pineda was stabbed. “This case is a heartbreaking reminder of how quickly chaos can escalate into tragedy,” Carreras said. “Juan was forced to defend himself, his wife, and her friends in a moment of fear and confusion during an argument with his friend. ” On July 31, 2023, police responded to a stabbing call just before 3 a. m. at Escamilla’s house in the 4500 block of Merida Avenue. When they arrived, they found Pineda had been stabbed one time in the abdomen. Escamilla was arrested at the scene. During the trial, 43-year-old Escamilla testified in his own defense. He told the jury that during a gathering at his home, Pineda became increasingly drunk, aggressive, and violent. A physical altercation ensued outside between Pineda and several females, including Escamilla’s wife. Escamilla intervened to protect himself and his wife and, when Pineda lunged at him, Escamilla stabbed him one time with his pocketknife. He died later at an area hospital. “Everyone has the right to defend themselves and those they love,” Jack said. “This was a classic case of self-defense and I'm grateful the jury agreed. ” > Smallville Star's DUI arrest in California sparks legal questions. Would a similar scenario lead to a DWI in Texas? Learn how Texas law defines "operation" vs. driving. - Published: 2025-01-31 - Modified: 2025-12-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/smallville-stars-dui-arrest/ Tom Welling, the 47-year-old actor best known for portraying Clark Kent in the Superman prequel series Smallville, was recently arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) in Yreka, California. The arrest took place just after midnight on January 26, 2025, in an Arby’s parking lot. The case raises an interesting legal question that frequently comes up in DWI cases at our Texas criminal defense firm: If Welling was parked when officers found him, could he still be considered “driving” for the purposes of a DUI arrest? While his case will be handled under California law, we’ll explore how a similar scenario might play out in Texas. In Texas, the term "Driving While Intoxicated" (DWI) can be misleading—because a person doesn’t actually have to be driving to be charged. Instead, the law focuses on whether the individual was operating a vehicle. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett break down what constitutes the operation of a vehicle under Texas law, how it applies to DWI cases, and whether someone in this situation could face similar charges in the Lone Star State. We'll be watching to see how the Smallville Star's DUI arrest unfolds in California. Operation of a Vehicle in Texas DWI Cases When most people think of Driving While Intoxicated in Texas, they imagine someone behind the wheel, actively driving. However, the term “DWI” is somewhat of a misnomer. A person does not actually have to be driving a vehicle to be charged with DWI in Texas. Instead, they must be operating a vehicle while intoxicated. The legal elements of a DWI charge in Texas are: The defendant; On or about a particular date; Operated; A motor vehicle; In a public place; While intoxicated. Notably, "driving" is not one of the required elements. Instead, a prosecutor must prove that the person was operating the vehicle. This is why prosecutors often emphasize "putting the defendant behind the wheel. " With serious consequences on the line, securing the best possible legal defense is critical if you have been accused of DWI where operation is an issue. Smallville Star's DUI Arrest: Would it Have Happened in Texas? If the Smallville Star’s DUI arrest had happened in Texas instead of California, the legal outcome could have been different, but it's also likely he would have been arrested here, as well. Several factors could influence whether he would face a DWI charge in the Lone Star State, including: Was the car running? If the engine was on, even if he was parked, it could be considered operation. Was he in the driver’s seat? Sitting in the driver’s seat, especially with the car on, increases the likelihood of an operation finding. Were his hands on the wheel? Any physical interaction with the vehicle's controls could support an argument for operation. Did he admit to driving? Statements like “I was just driving here” or “I was about to leave” could be used as evidence of operation. Was there other circumstantial evidence: If the car... > Discover the top reasons for a collaborative divorce in Texas. Keep your divorce private, efficient, and amicable with Varghese Summersett’s legal team. - Published: 2025-01-29 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/top-8-reasons-for-a-collaborative-divorce/ Divorce with Dignity in Texas Divorce can be emotionally and financially draining, but it doesn’t have to be a battlefield. Collaborative divorce offers a structured, private, and solution-oriented process for couples who want to part ways without unnecessary conflict. Unlike a traditional litigated divorce, collaborative divorce focuses on cooperation, preserving dignity, and keeping the control in the hands of the divorcing couple—not a judge. At Varghese Summersett, we guide individuals through collaborative divorce with precision, skill, and a commitment to achieving the best possible outcome. Here are the top eight reasons for a collaborative divorce in Texas but first, here is a quick overview of collaborative law. https://youtu. be/kNnWfsxAs6U What is Collaborative Law in Texas? Collaborative law in Texas is governed by Chapter 15 of the Texas Family Code, which establishes the legal framework for resolving family law disputes through a cooperative, non-adversarial process. This approach is designed to help divorcing couples reach a mutually beneficial settlement while avoiding the stress, expense, and uncertainty of litigation. Under Texas law, collaborative divorce requires both spouses to commit to open communication, full financial disclosure, and problem-solving, rather than confrontation. Each party retains a collaboratively trained attorney, and the process may also involve neutral professionals, such as financial experts or mental health professionals, to assist with asset division, parenting plans, and emotional well-being. One key feature of collaborative divorce is that all parties, including attorneys, sign an agreement stating that they will not pursue litigation. If the process fails, the attorneys must withdraw, and new legal representation must be obtained for litigation. This ensures that all parties remain committed to reaching an amicable resolution. 8 Reasons for a Collaborative Divorce in Texas 1. Private and Confidential Unlike a traditional litigated divorce, which involves public court hearings and filings, a collaborative divorce prioritizes privacy. All negotiations take place behind closed doors, and personal matters—such as finances, child custody discussions, and marital disputes—are not made part of the public record. Texas law requires that divorce proceedings be filed in court, but what is filed can be kept minimal. In a collaborative divorce, sensitive financial and personal details do not need to be disclosed in public hearings or multiple court filings. Instead, both spouses and their attorneys sign a confidentiality agreement, ensuring that discussions and negotiations remain private. For high-net-worth individuals or professionals with reputations to protect, this is a significant advantage and one of the key reasons for a collaborative divorce. 2. Greater Control Over the Outcome In a contested divorce, a judge makes the final decision on asset division, child custody, and child support arrangements. These rulings may not align with either party’s preferences, and they often lead to frustration and ongoing legal battles. One of the major reasons for a collaborative divorce is that it empowers both spouses to craft their own agreement. Instead of relying on the court’s discretion, you and your spouse work together—with the assistance of legal and financial professionals—to develop solutions that align with your specific needs. Whether it’s... > Cite and Release in Texas allows officers to issue citations for certain low-level offenses, requiring court appearances later instead of immediate arrests. Learn more. - Published: 2025-01-28 - Modified: 2025-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/cite-and-release-in-texas/ Cite and Release is a law enforcement policy where officers can issue citations (similar to traffic tickets) instead of making arrests for certain low-level offenses, requiring the person to appear in court at a later date rather than going to jail immediately. In other words, individuals can be charged with certain offenses without being arrested or having to bond out of jail. This was established by a 2007 amendment to Article 14. 06 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, and it applies to qualifying Class A and B misdemeanors. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain Cite and Release in Texas, what offenses qualify for Cite and Release, and what happens after a citation is issued. But first take a moment to watch a quick video on Cite and Release basics in Texas https://youtu. be/VyUilsbnCBM Legal Authority & Objectives of Cite and Release Cite and Release in Texas was introduced nearly two decades ago in an effort to reduce jail overcrowding and the strain on law enforcement while addressing low-level, non-violent offenses. In 2007, Texas lawmakers amended the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 14. 06 (c) and (d), which gave officers the discretion to issue citations instead of making arrests for certain Class A and Class B misdemeanors. The primary objectives of Cite and Release in Texas are to: Reduce jail overcrowding by diverting individuals accused of minor offenses from the jail system. Promote efficiency in the legal process by streamlining procedures and reducing the time and resources required for booking and processing individuals in custody. Allow law enforcement to focus on more serious crimes by prioritizing resources for addressing violent offenses. Minimize disruption to individuals' lives by avoiding immediate arrest and allowing them to continue their activities until their court appearance. Save taxpayer money and law enforcement resources. Alleviate unnecessary contact with the criminal justice system, which can reduce the likelihood of future offending. Mitigate racial profiling in policing and avoiding the harmful effects of arrests, such as deportation, job loss, and barriers to finding employment and housing. Improve relationships between communities and law enforcement by increasing perceptions of procedural justice. It's important to point out that while the law provides the option for Cite and Release, not all jurisdictions in Texas utilize it. Individual counties and municipalities determine whether and how to implement it. Eligible Offenses for Cite and Release in Texas Texas Cite and Release Eligible Offenses Classification Offense Code Section Details Class B Marijuana Possession 481. 121 2 ounces or less Class B Synthetic Cannabinoid Possession 481. 1161 2 ounces or less Class B Criminal Mischief 28. 03 Damage $100 to less than $750 Class B Graffiti 28. 08 Damage less than $750 Class B Theft of Property 31. 03 Value $100 to less than $750 Class B Theft of Service 31. 04 Value $100 to less than $750 Class B Tampering with Vehicle Tags 37. 10 Temporary tags under the Transportation Code Class B Contraband in Correctional Facility 38.... > Injured in an electric semi-truck accident in Texas? Learn about causes, liability, and compensation. Contact Varghese Summersett today for help. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2025-01-24 - Modified: 2025-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-electric-semi-truck-accidents/ Electric semi-trucks are gaining popularity and being increasingly adopted by major companies for various uses, including long-distance hauling and local food and beverage delivery. The shift toward electric trucks is driven by the need for more sustainable transportation solutions and the growing pressure to reduce carbon emissions from the trucking industry. With advancements in technology, however, there are also risks and dangers, such as battery fires, software failures, and reduced maneuverability due to their heavier design. These issues can lead to catastrophic accidents, putting drivers, passengers, and other road users at serious risk. https://youtu. be/XugqZxDcsts If you or someone you love has been seriously injured or killed in an electric semi-truck accident in Texas, you may entitled to substantial compensation from the truck driver, manufacturer, or a negligent third-party. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett discuss electric semi-truck accidents, who can be held liable, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. What Is an Electric Semi-Truck? Electric semi-trucks are commercial vehicles designed to transport goods while being powered entirely by electricity rather than traditional diesel fuel. They are typically 18-wheelers, just like traditional diesel semi-trucks, but use advanced rechargeable battery systems to propel the truck, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional semi-trucks. By eliminating tailpipe emissions, electric semi-trucks contribute to a cleaner environment and play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, advancing the goal of sustainable transportation. The adoption of electric semi-trucks has been steadily increasing, driven by technological advancements, environmental awareness, and government incentives. In 2024, approximately 13,000 electric semi-trucks were operating on U. S. roads, and this number is expected to rise significantly in the coming years. Federal and state governments have introduced financial incentives, tax credits, and grants to encourage companies to invest in green transportation solutions. Texas, as a major hub for freight and logistics, has emerged as a key player in this transition. Major metropolitan areas like Houston and Dallas have witnessed a growing adoption of electric semi-trucks, supported by infrastructure developments such as charging stations and incentives tailored to the freight and logistics industry. The Leading Manufacturers of Electric Semi-Trucks Several manufacturers are at the forefront of the electric semi-truck movement, offering innovative vehicles designed to meet the demands of modern freight operations. They include: Tesla: Known for groundbreaking electric vehicles, Tesla’s Semi boasts impressive range, high performance, and advanced technology that redefines long-haul trucking. Volvo: With its VNR Electric model, Volvo targets short- and medium-haul freight needs, focusing on urban areas and regional routes. Freightliner: Freightliner’s eCascadia is engineered for regional operations, combining zero-emission technology with reliability. BYD: This global manufacturer is gaining traction in the U. S. market with its electric truck offerings, providing versatile options for various freight applications. These manufacturers are driving the transition from diesel to electric power, setting the standard for the next generation of commercial vehicles. Companies Leading the Adoption of Electric Semi-Trucks Major corporations are not just embracing electric semi-trucks—they are actively integrating... > Who is Ross Ulbricht? Here's the captivating story of 'Dread Pirate Roberts' and his journey through the dark web, conviction, and an unexpected presidential clemency. - Published: 2025-01-22 - Modified: 2026-02-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/dread-pirate-roberts/ Ross Ulbricht, better known by his online pseudonym "Dread Pirate Roberts" (DPR), created what became the most sophisticated and extensive criminal marketplace on the internet – the Silk Road. His journey from idealistic libertarian to convicted cybercriminal, and ultimately to recipient of a surprising presidential pardon, represents one of the most fascinating stories in Internet history. The Creation of Silk Road In January 2011, at age 26, Ulbricht launched the Silk Road on the dark web, naming it after the ancient trade routes connecting Asia and Europe. The site operated on the Tor network, which concealed users' identities and locations, and utilized Bitcoin for transactions to ensure anonymity. What began as what Ulbricht claimed was a "free-market economic experiment" quickly evolved into an unprecedented online black market. By the time of its shutdown in October 2013, Silk Road had: Over 13,000 listings for illegal drugs More than 100,000 buyer accounts Nearly 4,000 vendor accounts Facilitated over 1. 5 million transactions Generated approximately $214 million in total sales Processed $183 million in drug sales alone. The Philosophy Behind the Pseudonym The name "Dread Pirate Roberts" was borrowed from the movie The Princess Bride. Like the fictional character, Ulbricht's online persona became legendary in the dark corners of the Internet. Ulbricht positioned himself as a libertarian crusader for economic freedom and privacy. In his early writings about Silk Road, he emphasized his desire to create a free and anonymous marketplace "to use economic theory as a means to abolish the use of coercion and aggression amongst mankind. " He believed Silk Road was making an impact on the war on drugs by expanding people's access to controlled substances outside government oversight. The Investigation and Arrest of Dread Pirate Roberts Catching DPR proved to be a complex investigation. The breakthrough came through a series of operational security mistakes by Ulbricht: He used his personal Gmail address (rossulbricht@gmail. com) in early forum posts promoting Silk Road He posted questions about coding on public forums using his real name He ordered fake IDs to his San Francisco apartment His online activities matched the time zone and location patterns of Ross Ulbricht. The final sting operation occurred on October 1, 2013, in San Francisco. FBI agents tracked Ulbricht to the Glen Park Library, where they caught him logged into the Silk Road administrator account. The arrest was carefully orchestrated: Plainclothes agents monitored public WiFi locations An undercover agent engaged DPR in an online chat When Ulbricht logged in as administrator, agents moved in They seized his laptop before he could close it, preserving crucial evidence. The Trial and Conviction of Dread Pirate Roberts Ulbricht's trial began in January 2015 in the Southern District of New York before Judge Katherine B. Forrest. He faced seven charges: Distribution of narcotics Distribution of narcotics by means of the internet Narcotics trafficking conspiracy Continuing criminal enterprise Computer hacking conspiracy Trafficking in fake ID documents Money laundering conspiracy The prosecution's case was built on extensive digital evidence from Ulbricht's laptop and... > President Trump delivered his second inaugural address on January 20. Here's some legal takeaways that pertain to criminal, family and personal injury law. - Published: 2025-01-20 - Modified: 2025-01-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/second-inaugural-address/ What does President Trump's Second Inaugural Address Signal for Criminal Law, Personal Injury Law, and Family Law? Donald Trump delivered his second inaugural address on January 20 in the Capitol Rotunda, speaking for approximately 30 minutes in an indoor ceremony moved due to cold weather. In his speech, Trump declared the beginning of what he called America's "golden age" and promised a "revolution of common sense" as he began his second term as the 47th President of the United States. Trump spoke before an audience that included former Presidents Clinton, Bush, Obama, and Biden, as well as Vice President Harris and all nine Supreme Court justices. He outlined ambitious plans, including the signing of approximately 200 executive orders and made sweeping promises about restoring national pride and prosperity. The speech maintained familiar themes from his campaign trail, focusing on immigration, the economy, and criticism of the Justice Department. In this article, we will explore what President Trump's inaugural address signals for criminal law, personal injury law, and family law. Criminal Law One of the president’s most direct influences on the criminal justice system is the ability to appoint U. S. Attorneys. These officials decide which crimes get federal attention, which cases are prosecuted, and how aggressively they are pursued. When President Trump appoints new U. S. Attorneys who share his vision, you can expect a greater focus on certain issues he emphasized, such as immigration-related offenses, drug cartels, and organized crime. Let's take a look at what was covered in the inaugural address: Stricter Immigration Policies National Border Emergency President Trump declared a national emergency at the southern border in his speech. This suggests ramped-up border security, including physical barriers, expanded patrols, and rapid deportations of people in the country illegally. People accused of entering unlawfully could face faster prosecution, deportation, and less tolerance for re-entry. Alien Enemies Act & Cartels as Terrorist Organizations By designating cartels as foreign terrorist organizations, federal law enforcement can arrest suspects more quickly and pursue harsher charges. Invoking the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 could widen federal powers to detain or deport non-citizens suspected of being a threat. Ending Bias in the Justice System President Trump pledged to remove what he calls “political bias” in the Department of Justice and stop the use of federal agencies for partisan ends. By reshuffling the Justice Department’s leadership, he can reorient enforcement priorities. Additionally, because federal judgeships open up over time, President Trump can fill any vacancies on the bench—further influencing the direction of future federal cases. As of January 2025, there are 37 vacant positions (5. 5%) out of 677 total U. S. District Court judgeships. These vacancies require nominations from the president and confirmation by the U. S. Senate to be filled. Preventing Weaponization of Prosecution In his address, President Trump declared, “Never again will the immense power of the state be weaponized to persecute political opponents. ” This statement indicates his intent to ensure that federal prosecutions do not become a political tool. If... > In this article, we explain when to hire a criminal defense attorney and when not to hire a criminal defense attorney. - Published: 2025-01-19 - Modified: 2025-04-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/when-to-hire-a-criminal-defense-attorney/ When to Hire (and When Not to Hire) a Criminal Defense Attorney Facing criminal allegations can be one of the most overwhelming experiences of your life. This is particularly true when the police and prosecutors only have someone's claim that you did something wrong and despite move forward with an investigation, arrest, and prosecution —which is common especially if the accusations involve sexual assault or child sexual assault. It’s natural to feel unsure about what to do next, but one thing is certain: having the right criminal defense attorney on your side can make a world of difference in the outcome of your case. At Varghese Summersett, our team of experienced attorneys understands the complexities of the criminal justice system in Texas and is dedicated to protecting your rights and advocating for your best interests. In this guide, we walk you through when to hire a criminal defense attorney and the instances in which you should not hire a criminal defense attorney. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=bzyxOs9XJys Mere Allegations It’s not uncommon for individuals to assume they only need an attorney once they’ve been formally charged. For most offenses, nothing could be further from the truth. While it is difficult, However, the earlier you hire a lawyer, the better. If you become aware of accusations—especially serious ones such as sexual assault or crimes involving minors—reaching out to a Fort Worth criminal defense lawyer right away can have lasting benefits. An attorney can advise you on how best to respond if law enforcement or potential witnesses contact you, and they can begin gathering evidence to support your defense. The criminal process often moves quickly, and you don’t want to lose valuable time preserving information that may be critical to your case. Signs of an Active Investigation Not all criminal matters start with handcuffs. If you learn—or even suspect—that you are under investigation, it’s time to talk to an attorney. Perhaps a detective reaches out for a “friendly chat,” or you learn that law enforcement executed a search warrant at your home or business. An attorney can step in to safeguard your constitutional rights and steer interactions with investigators, helping to ensure you don’t inadvertently say or do anything that could hurt your defense later on. By getting professional counsel at this stage, you can often shape the trajectory of the investigation or potentially avoid charges altogether. After an Arrest: Protect Your Future If you have already been arrested, the need for legal representation becomes immediate. Bail hearings, arraignments, and other early court appearances can heavily influence the rest of your case. Your lawyer will work to secure a fair bond, examine the probable cause behind your arrest, and begin looking into weaknesses in the state’s evidence. With serious allegations—like sexual assault—the stakes are even higher. You could be facing significant prison time and registration requirements if convicted. A skilled defense attorney will explore every angle, from negotiating with prosecutors to challenging improper searches and questioning. Unhappy with Your Current Lawyer? Choosing the... > Oil rig accidents can cause catastrophic injuries and death. Here's a look at some of history's most devastating oil rig disasters and what to do after tragedy strikes. - Published: 2025-01-18 - Modified: 2025-02-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/oil-rig-accidents/ The morning of April 20, 2010, began like any other on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico. By nightfall, an unprecedented disaster would unfold, claiming 11 lives and eventually resulting in $65 billion in damages. This catastrophic event stands as a stark reminder of the devastating potential of oil rig accidents —and the critical importance of having experienced legal representation when tragedy strikes. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett look at some of the most devastating oil rig disasters in history, their causes, and what victims should do to seek justice and compensation after tragedy strikes. The 1964 C. P. Baker incident claimed 22 lives and resulted in $450 million in damages, marking one of the deadliest offshore accidents in American history. The 2012 West Delta 32 explosion caused three deaths and $370 million in damages, demonstrating how modern safety measures still can't prevent all catastrophes. The 1969 Santa Barbara Channel disaster led to $560 million in damages and fundamentally changed environmental regulations in the industry. https://youtu. be/X5Vfv0J5Q9U Most Devastating Oil Rig Accidents in the United States Incident Location Year Deaths Injuries Financial Loss Cause Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 2010 11 17 $65 Billion Blowout preventer failure and methane gas explosion C. P. Baker Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1964 22 20 $450 Million Capsizing during severe weather Platform A Santa Barbara Channel, California 1969 0 0 $560 Million Well blowout causing massive oil spill West Delta 32 Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 2012 3 2 $370 Million Welding ignited flammable vapors ODECO Platform Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1980 5 23 $280 Million Well blowout and fire High Island 206 Gulf of Mexico, Texas 1978 7 4 $190 Million Structural collapse during storm Timbalier 254 Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1992 4 6 $160 Million Explosion during maintenance Eugene Island 284 Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1997 2 5 $140 Million Explosion during drilling operations South Pass 60 Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1970 4 9 $120 Million Fire during drilling operations Main Pass 41 Gulf of Mexico, Louisiana 1987 3 8 $110 Million Gas leak and explosion The World's Worst Oil Rig Accidents Incident Location Year Deaths Injuries Financial Loss Cause Deepwater Horizon Gulf of Mexico, USA 2010 11 17 $65 Billion Blowout preventer failure and methane gas explosion Piper Alpha North Sea, Scotland 1988 167 61 $3. 4 Billion Gas condensate leak and subsequent explosions Alexander L. Kielland North Sea, Norway 1980 123 89 $1. 6 Billion Structural failure during severe weather Bohai 2 Bohai Bay, China 1979 72 46 $840 Million Storm damage leading to platform collapse Mumbai High North Arabian Sea, India 2005 22 12 $1. 1 Billion Fire after ship collision during monsoon Ocean Ranger Newfoundland, Canada 1982 84 0 $920 Million Severe storm causing ballast control room flooding Seacrest Drillship Gulf of Thailand 1989 91 30 $650 Million Capsized during Typhoon Gay Enchova Central Campos Basin, Brazil 1984 42 23 $520 Million Blowout and fire during workover operation C.... > Use this Amicable Divorce Checklist to prepare for an uncontested divorce in Texas. - Published: 2025-01-10 - Modified: 2025-01-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/amicable-divorce-checklist/ What is an Amicable Divorce? An amicable divorce, also known as an uncontested divorce or agreed divorce in Texas, occurs when both spouses agree on the terms of their separation and division of assets. This approach can saves time and money as well as reduce the emotional stress of a traditional divorce. Individuals also seek amicable divorces to keep the cost of their divorce low. Working through the Amicable Divorce Checklist on this page can help you prepare for your consultation with the lawyer, and help you anticipate the matters you will need to work through with your soon-to-be ex spouse. Why Use an Amicable Divorce Checklist? Using an amicable divorce checklist serves multiple important purposes: Financial Efficiency The Amicable Divorce Checklist helps streamline your interaction with your lawyer. By providing comprehensive information upfront at your attorney's first request, you can significantly reduce legal costs throughout the divorce process. Process Clarity The second advantage is that the Amicable Divorce Checklist helps you start thinking about the best approach for your divorce, whether through Collaborative Divorce or a standard uncontested divorce proceedings. In a Collaborative Divorce, a team of professionals help you work through more complex decisions. A standard uncontested divorce may be be ideal when there are no assets to divide or when there are no minor children. Thorough Preparation The Amicable Divorce Checklist helps you prepare as you consider crucial aspects of the divorce, including: Basic eligibility requirements: Are you eligible to get a divorce in Texas Complete financial inventories (both joint and individual assets) Required financial documentation Agreements on any matters including conservatorship, child support, and spousal support Continuing obligations Parenting plans Living arrangements during and after divorce Amicable Divorce Checklist - Downloadable PDF File Your browser does not support PDFs. Click here to download the PDF. Benefits of Choosing an Amicable Divorce Choosing an amicable divorce offers numerous interconnected advantages that benefit both parties and their families. The process typically requires significantly less legal intervention, which translates directly into reduced costs and a faster resolution. This streamlined approach helps minimize the emotional trauma that often accompanies traditional divorces, creating an environment where both parties can focus on moving forward constructively. For couples with children, an amicable divorce can lay the foundation for a healthy co-parenting relationship. By maintaining civil communication and mutual respect throughout the divorce process, parents often find it easier to collaborate on childcare decisions and maintain stable routines for their children in the years ahead. Perhaps one of the most valuable aspects of an amicable divorce is the greater control it gives both parties over their future. Rather than leaving decisions to a judge who may not fully understand the family's unique dynamics, couples can craft solutions that truly work for their specific situation. This approach also helps preserve privacy, as agreed divorces typically require less court intervention and public documentation. The culmination of these benefits results in significantly lower stress levels for everyone involved. By choosing cooperation over conflict, couples can focus their... > Did you or a loved one suffer Texas mosh pit injuries? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2025-01-10 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-mosh-pit-injuries/ Mosh pits have been around for decades and are still prevalent in today's music scene, particularly at punk, metal, and alternative concerts. Typically found in front of the stage, fans engage in high-energy activities like pushing, shoving, jumping, and slamming into others, which can lead to injuries and, in rare cases, even death. If you have been seriously injured or a loved one killed in a mosh pit at a concert or festival in Texas, it's important to seek help from an experienced personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summerett explain Texas mosh pit injuries, who could be liable, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. https://youtu. be/pqxheo5cK7w Types of Mosh Pits There are several types of mosh pits, each with its own characteristics and potential for injuries: Push pit: Participants run around and push each other. Common in metalcore and nu-metal shows. Circle pit: People run in a circular motion around the edges of the pit, often leaving an open space in the center. Wall of death: The audience divides into two halves, then runs towards each other, colliding in the middle. This is considered one of the most dangerous pit rituals. Hardcore dancing: Includes various styles like windmilling, two-stepping, floorpunching, and axehandling. Crowdkilling: A more aggressive form of moshing, often seen in deathcore and hardcore shows. Wrecking: Popular in the psychobilly scene, involving standing in one spot with arms swinging and flailing. Injury rates at concerts with mosh pits are significantly higher than at non-moshing concerts, and it's not uncommon for bystanders near mosh pits to suffer more injuries than active participants. Common Mosh Pit Injuries Mosh pits are chaotic environments where participants are constantly jostled, slammed, or even trampled. While they are intended to amplify the energy of a live concert, the lack of control often leads to serious and sometimes life-altering injuries. Here's a look at the most frequent Texas mosh pit injuries: Head Injuries: Blows to the head from collisions, falls, or objects can lead to severe trauma, including lacerations, concussions, and even traumatic brain injuries. Spinal Cord Injuries: Sudden, violent impacts can damage the spine, potentially causing permanent paralysis or other debilitating conditions. Internal Injuries: Blunt force trauma from elbows, knees, or falls can harm vital organs or lead to internal bleeding, requiring immediate medical attention. Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs): These injuries, caused by severe impacts to the head, can have devastating and lifelong consequences, affecting memory, cognitive function, and overall quality of life. Broken Bones: Fractures in arms, legs, ribs, or facial bones are common, often resulting from forceful collisions or accidental falls. Sprains and Strains: The rapid, uncontrolled movements characteristic of mosh pits frequently cause damage to muscles, ligaments, and joints. Concussions: Repeated head impacts or falls can lead to concussions, which may have lasting effects on brain health and... > Do nude images of children constitute child pornography in Texas? The line between art and criminality aren't always clear. - Published: 2025-01-08 - Modified: 2025-02-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/child-pornography-in-texas/ If you’ve paid attention to the news lately, you may have seen the controversy surrounding the Sally Mann exhibition at the Modern Art Museum in Fort Worth. Mann is one of the most famous photographers of her generation, but some elected officials have suggested some images in her Diaries of Home exhibition depicting nude children constitute child pornography. A formal complaint has been filed, prompting an investigation by local law enforcement, and the images have reportedly been secured as potential evidence. This raises the question: When does child nudity cross the line into child pornography or obscenity under Texas and federal law? Should parents, for example, be wary of photographing their child in the bathtub or streaking outside in the sprinklers? In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain child pornography laws at the state and federal levels, as well as obscenity laws, as they pertain to child nudity, photography, and art. As you will learn, the law between legality and criminality can sometimes be thin, especially when it comes to art and freedom of expression. Please be sure to watch the video by criminal defense attorney Tiffany Burks. Understanding Child Pornography in Texas Under Texas and federal law, child pornography includes any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor (under 18), including photographs, videos, digital images, or other material intended to sexually arouse or exploit. Specifically, under Section 43. 26 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits “possession or promotion of child pornography” if he or she: knowingly or intentionally possess or accesses with intent to view visual material that depicts a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image was made, who is engaging in sexual conduct; and the person knows the visual material depicts a child younger than 18 years of age. Possession or promotion of child pornography in Texas is a serious felony. The punishment depends on the number of visual depictions of a child. For example, possession of 500 or more visual depictions is a first-degree felony, punishable by up to life in prison. Possession of fewer than 100 visual depictions is a third-degree felony punishable by up to 10 years in prison in Texas. https://youtu. be/rQw6oiOtt4A “Sexual Conduct:” The Key Element for Texas Child Porn Under Texas law, for an image or video to be considered child pornography (referred to in the statute as “visual material”), the child must be shown engaging in “sexual conduct. ” Mere nudity, such as a non-sexual photo of a naked child, is not considered child pornography. However, if the image depicts a child engaging in or simulating sexual acts—or a lewd exhibition of genitals or private parts — that is considered child pornography in Texas. The definition of “sexual conduct” can be found in Section 43. 25 of the Texas Penal Code and includes. Sexual contact Actual or simulated sexual intercourse Deviate sexual intercourse Sexual bestiality Masturbation Sado-masochistic abuse Lewd exhibition of the genitals, anus, or female breast... > Our Texas criminal defense lawyer explains what a second degree felony is in Texas. - Published: 2024-12-31 - Modified: 2024-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/second-degree-felony/ What is a Second Degree Felony Texas? Felonies are categorized as four types in Texas. These are State Jail Felony, Third Degree Felony, Second Degree Felony, and First Degree Felony. What is a Second Degree Felony? A Second Degree Felony is defined in Penal Code Section 12. 33 and is the second highest level of felony in Texas. It is an offense that is punishable by 2 to 20 years in Texas. What is the Punishment for a Second Degree Felony? Under Texas Penal Code Section 12. 33, a second degree felony is punishable by: A person adjudged guilty of a felony of the second degree shall be punished by: Imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for 2 to 20 years. This means that if you are sentenced to prison time, your minimum term of imprisonment will be 2 years. A fine of up to $10,000. This means a fine does not have to be imposed, but if one is imposed it cannot exceed $10,000. However because you also have to pay court costs to the court, the actual amount you pay for fines and court costs could exceed $10,000. This fine limit also does not apply to things like probation fees or restitution. Possible combination of both imprisonment and fine. Enhancement to Repeat and Habitual Offender Status A second degree felony charge can be enhanced to a more serious offense if you have prior prison trips: Repeat Offender: If you have been to prison once before, your second degree felony can be enhanced to a first degree felony (5-99 years or life) https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=dljyEzRHBQw Habitual Offender: If you have two prior felony convictions, your punishment range increases to 25-99 years or life in prison https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=OVO0dQM9gsM Probation Options in Texas Jury Probation You may be eligible for jury probation if: You have never been convicted of a felony in Texas or any other state You file a sworn motion before trial requesting jury probation The jury finds you guilty and sentences you to 10 years or less Judge Probation A judge may grant probation if: The sentence imposed doesn't exceed 10 years You have no prior felony convictions The offense didn't involve a deadly weapon or serious bodily injury Deferred Adjudication Deferred adjudication may be available through a judge (never a jury) if: You plead guilty or no contest The judge believes deferred adjudication is in the best interest of society and the defendant The offense is not one that prohibits deferred adjudication by statute Common Second Degree Felonies in Texas Some frequently charged second degree felonies include: Aggravated Assault Sexual Assault Robbery Burglary of a Habitation Possession of 4-200 grams of controlled substances Intoxication Manslaughter Online Solicitation of a Minor Why Choose Varghese Summersett for Your Defense? If you're facing second degree felony charges in Tarrant, Dallas, Harris, or Fort Bend County, here's why you should contact Varghese Summersett immediately: Extensive Experience: Our attorneys have handled hundreds of second degree felony cases... > Our Fort Worth Slip and Fall Injury Lawyer explains what to do if you are injured in due to a slip and fall in or around Fort Worth. - Published: 2024-12-30 - Modified: 2024-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-slip-and-fall-injury-lawyer/ Fort Worth Slip and Fall Injury Lawyer At Varghese Summersett, we know just how devastating a slip and fall accident can be. One moment, you’re going about your day—shopping at a local store, visiting a friend’s apartment, or grabbing dinner downtown. The next moment, you’re on the ground, possibly dealing with severe pain, shock, and mounting medical bills. Slip and fall accidents are among the most common personal injury cases in Fort Worth, and they often leave victims feeling overwhelmed and unsure of what to do next. According to the Texas Department of Insurance, there are nearly 9 million emergency room visits each year from falls. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the legal nuances of slip and fall accidents in Fort Worth. We’ll discuss your rights under Texas law, your potential compensation, and everything you need to know about hiring the right attorney. At Varghese Summersett, we have extensive experience helping individuals stand up to insurance companies and negligent property owners. If you’ve been injured due to a slip and fall, we are here to fight for the justice and compensation you deserve. Understanding Slip and Fall Accidents in Fort Worth Fort Worth is a bustling city with attractions such as Sundance Square, Hulen Mall, Montgomery Plaza, and Dickies Arena. These places draw thousands of visitors every day. Although most visits go smoothly, slip and fall accidents occur with alarming frequency. According to recent statistics, slip and falls comprise one of the most frequent types of personal injury cases in the region, many of which result in significant injuries. Under Texas premises liability law, property owners and managers must maintain safe conditions for visitors. This obligation doesn’t just apply to large commercial establishments—it extends to restaurants, offices, residential buildings, and even single-family homes. When they fail to take reasonable steps to prevent hazards or warn people about them, serious accidents can happen in an instant. A puddle in a grocery aisle, a loose step at an apartment complex, or an icy walkway at an office building can lead to devastating consequences. Beyond the physical pain, the fallout from a slip and fall accident can touch every aspect of your life. You might incur steep medical bills, need time off work, or lose the capacity to enjoy everyday activities. That’s why it’s so important to understand your rights and pursue compensation when a property owner’s negligence causes your injuries. Common Causes of Slip and Fall Accidents While slip and fall accidents can happen just about anywhere, certain hazards tend to pop up more frequently in Fort Worth. Knowing these causes not only helps you stay vigilant, but it also provides insight into what property owners are legally obligated to address. Liquid Hazards: In busy retail settings, spills can happen quickly—especially during rain events when water is tracked inside. Businesses are expected to clean up or cordon off slippery areas promptly. Malls and supermarkets often have inspection policies requiring employees to check floors within set timeframes. Floor Maintenance Issues: Proper... > Want to fight DWI breath test in Texas? Start by challenging the Intoxilyzer 9000, the state's primary breath-testing instrument. - Published: 2024-12-28 - Modified: 2024-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fight-dwi-breath-test-in-texas/ Challenging the Intoxilyzer 9000: How to Fight DWI Breath Test in Texas The rise in DWI cases across Texas has brought increased scrutiny to the state's primary breath-testing instrument - the Intoxilyzer 9000. While prosecutors often present breath test results as ironclad evidence, several critical vulnerabilities exist that create compelling opportunities for challenge. This article explores the most significant issues with Texas’ implementation of the Intoxilyzer 9000 and how these weaknesses can impact DWI cases. Texas Breath Alcohol Testing Regulations and Oversight Texas has a long history of regulating breath alcohol testing procedures. Texas initiated breath alcohol testing in the late 1940s, but statewide implementation began in 1968 with the Breathalyzer. The program gained statutory authority through the 1969 Implied Consent Law, which empowered the Department of Public Safety to establish and oversee breath testing protocols. In 1969, the Texas Legislature established the Texas Breath Alcohol Testing Regulations. To administer and enforce these regulations, the Texas Department of Public Safety created the Office of the Scientific Director. This office oversees all evidential breath analyses conducted by state, county, and city law enforcement agencies. The current legal framework defines intoxication in Chapter 49 of the Texas Penal Code using two distinct standards: loss of normal mental or physical faculties, or an alcohol concentration of 0. 08 or greater (measured as grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath). Currently, these tests are performed in over 370 approved facilities in Texas by approximately 6,000 certified breath test operators, representing around 700 different law enforcement agencies. These operators must follow strict protocols to ensure the reliability of the results. The Role of the Scientific Director and Technical Supervisors The Scientific Director approves and certifies all breath alcohol testing instruments used in Texas for evidential purposes. A list of approved instruments is kept, and any new or modified instruments are evaluated by the Scientific Director before being accepted. Technical Supervisors are qualified forensic scientists certified by the Scientific Director. They serve as the Scientific Director’s representatives in all matters related to breath alcohol testing. Their main duties include providing technical, administrative, and supervisory expertise to protect the scientific integrity of Texas’ breath alcohol testing program. Technical Supervisors, who must possess a baccalaureate degree in chemistry or related science, oversee operations in their assigned areas. Breath Test Operators are individuals certified by the Scientific Director to conduct evidential breath alcohol analyses for law enforcement. The Office of the Scientific Director has created detailed training standards and curricula for operator certification. Operator certification requires initial training, regular renewal, and maintenance of proficiency through ongoing testing. Notably, operators must complete any combination of five subject or practice tests between certification periods and undergo biennial instruction with written examination. Approval Criteria for Evidential Instruments According to the regulations, all evidential breath testing instruments in Texas must meet specific criteria, including: Analyzing expired breath specimens accurately. Using a reference system with results that agree within ±0. 01 g/210L of the stated value (or other limits set by the Scientific... > In this article, we explain how to read a Texas Crash Report, the codes used in a Texas Crash Report, and how officers are trained to complete these reports. - Published: 2024-12-26 - Modified: 2026-02-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-read-a-texas-crash-report/ There are two types of crash reports in Texas: the Driver's Crash Report (CR-2) for self-reported accidents or the Peace Officer's Crash Report (CR-3) completed by law enforcement. While the CR-2 uses plain language anyone can understand, the CR-3 employs various codes to document vehicle damage, injuries, and contributing factors that require additional information to interpret. The CR-3 includes three-part damage codes (showing impact direction, location, and severity), specialized damage classifications, and standardized codes for a variety of fields including for injuries and contributing factors. Understanding these codes is crucial since the CR-3 serves as the official accident record used by insurance companies, lawyers, and courts to determine fault and process claims. This guide will break down the coding systems used in the Texas and help you read a Texas crash report. Understanding Texas Crash Reports In this guide, our Texas personal injury lawyer takes a closer look at the Texas Peace Officer’s Crash Report (Form CR-3), break down each section, and explain how you can use it to your advantage. What is a Texas Crash Report? A Texas crash report documents a broad range of information, such as: Vehicle damage Injuries and fatalities Road and weather conditions Contributing factors (like speeding or mechanical failures) The official version of this document is known as Form CR-3, which was last updated in 2023 by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). The CR-3 form is used statewide to ensure uniform data collection and reporting across Texas. For accidents not investigated by law enforcement, drivers may complete Form CR-2, known as the Driver's Crash Report when a crash results in injury, death, or apparent property damage of at least $1,000. This is filed with the local police department and is not maintained by TXDOT. As of 2017, it is not a requirement for drivers to complete a CR-2, although it is widely used for other requirements by insurance companies. Video: How to Read a Texas Crash Report https://youtu. be/SErIXCrSJM8 When is a Crash Report Required? In Texas, pursuant to Transportation Code 550. 062, filing a crash report is legally required if: The crash results in injury or death of any person, Property damage from the crash is $1,000 or more, or Law enforcement officers are dispatched to the scene. This requirement ensures that a detailed, official record exists whenever a crash causes significant harm or damage. The information in the report can become essential if you need to file an insurance claim or become involved in a legal dispute. The CR-3 Form at a Glance The CR-3 form is organized into multiple sections designed to capture every aspect of the crash: Basic Crash Information Vehicle and Driver Information Injury Information Damage Assessments Contributing Factors Narrative and Diagram We'll explore each section in detail. 1. Basic Crash Information At the very beginning, you’ll see fundamental facts about the crash: Date and time of the crash Exact location (city, county, street, or highway markers) Weather and road conditions (rain, fog, pavement conditions) Whether the crash... > Over 50 people gathered on December 19, 2024, for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Varghese Summersett’s Houston office to celebrate the firm’s expansion to a fourth location. - Published: 2024-12-20 - Modified: 2025-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/houston-ribbon-cutting/ Over 50 people gathered on December 19 for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Varghese Summersett’s Houston office to celebrate the firm’s expansion to a fourth location. The law firm, which has offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, and Southlake, opened its newest office on the eighth floor of a modern, 12-story building at 2925 Briarpark Drive, located in the Westchase business community of West Houston. The expansion allows the firm to provide comprehensive legal services to clients across Harris and Fort Bend Counties, including Houston, Pasadena, Sugar Land, Pearland, Richmond, and surrounding areas. “This is another significant milestone for Varghese Summersett,” said Managing Partner Benson Varghese. “We’re thrilled to expand our reach to one of Texas’ most dynamic regions and help more people navigate life’s most difficult challenges. We look forward to positively impacting this community for decades to come. ” The firm’s Houston grand opening was sponsored, in part, by the Houston West of Chamber of Commerce. Guests enjoyed mimosas and hors d'oeuvres by MyLeigh’s as they toured the beautiful new space. More than 20 local businesses participated in the celebration and entered into a raffle for a fun, barbecue-themed gift basket. "Expanding Varghese Summersett’s presence into Harris and Fort Bend Counties is an incredible opportunity," said Senior Counsel Mike Hanson, who leads the firm’s Houston-area operations. "This is my home, and I'm deeply committed to the people and communities here. I am proud to bring the firm’s reputation for excellence, integrity, and white-glove service to the Houston area. " About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premiere criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice in Texas dedicated to helping people through life's greatest challenges. The firm is headquartered in downtown Fort Worth, but has locations in Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. The firm boasts a highly experienced team of award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has more than a thousand 5-star Google reviews and has been named a fastest-growing company by Inc. 5000. It has also been named a “DFW Favorite,” a "Best Place to Work," and a "Best Place for Working Parents," among numerous other accolades. > Texas is an at-fault accident state, meaning the driver responsible for an accident pays for damages. Learn how fault is determined and why legal help matters. - Published: 2024-12-17 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-is-an-at-fault-accident-state/ Being involved in a car accident can be overwhelming,especially when it's through no fault of your own. In Texas, which operates under an at-fault system, determine who caused the accident isn't just about assigning blame; it directly affects who pays for medical bills, property damage and other losses. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what 'at-fault accidents' mean for Texas drivers and outline the steps you should take after being injured in a collision. What is an At-Fault Accident State? Texas operates under an at-fault accident system, which means the driver responsible for causing an accident is also responsible for the resulting damages. This includes medical bills, property damage, lost wages, and pain and suffering. In at-fault states like Texas, California, and Georgia, the victim has the right to seek compensation from the at-fault driver or their insurance company. This system stands in contrast to no-fault states like Florida, Michigan, and New York, where each driver's insurance pays for their own damages regardless of fault. Understanding this distinction is critical because fault determines liability in Texas car accidents. If you’ve been injured in an at-fault state, building a strong case to establish the other driver’s negligence is essential to securing fair recovery. Indications a Driver is At-Fault Determining fault in a vehicle accident often comes down to identifying negligence or a failure to follow traffic laws. Here are some typical indications that a driver may be at fault: Traffic Violations Running a red light or stop sign Speeding or driving too fast for road conditions Failing to yield the right of way Improper lane changes or unsafe merging Distracted Driving Texting, talking on the phone, or using in-car technology Eating, drinking, or engaging in other distractions behind the wheel Failing to pay attention to surrounding traffic or road conditions Following too closely (Tailgating) Rear-end collisions often indicate that the following driver did not maintain a safe distance to stop in time Evidence of alcohol or drug use, such as failed sobriety tests, can establish fault Reckless or Aggressive Driving: Excessive speeding, weaving between lanes, or ignoring traffic signals Road rage behaviors that endanger others Failure to maintain control Losing control of a vehicle due to negligence, such as driving too fast on wet roads or overcorrecting, may point to driver fault. Worn brakes, malfunctioning lights, or bald tires that contribute to the accident By identifying these indications, insurance companies, legal professionals, and courts can determine who is liable for an accident. If you’ve been involved in a crash and suspect another driver is at fault, gathering evidence such as photos, reports, and witness information is critical to proving your case. How Is Fault Proven in a Texas Car Accident? Fault in Texas car accidents is determined through evidence and investigation. Determining fault involves several key factors: Police Reports: Law enforcement officers responding to the scene document observations, take statements, and may assign fault in their official report. While the report itself is not conclusive in... > In this article, our north Texas divorce lawyer answers, "Can a divorce be sealed in Texas?". - Published: 2024-12-16 - Modified: 2024-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-a-divorce-be-sealed/ Going through a divorce is difficult enough without worrying about your personal information becoming public record. While Texas courts generally keep divorce records open to the public, there are ways to protect your privacy by sealing these records. In this article, we answer, "Can a Divorce Be Sealed in Texas? The Underlying Framework Texas courts start with a simple premise: court records should be public. But they also recognize that sometimes privacy is necessary. Generally, to seal your divorce records, you'll need to prove you have a compelling reason that outweighs the public's right to know. Think of it like tipping a scale – your privacy concerns need to be heavy enough to outweigh the public interest. However, when it comes to divorce records, things are a little more nuanced - and relaxed. Under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 76a(1), all court records are presumed to be open to the general public. However, Rule 76a(2)(a)(3) specifically excludes documents filed in Family Code actions from the definition of "court records. " This means divorce records can be sealed without following Rule 76a's strict procedural requirements. Instead of using Rule 76a's sealing procedure, parties in divorce cases can file a motion for a protective order to limit public access to their records, as established in General Tire, Inc. v. Kepple, 970 S. W. 2d 520, 525 (Tex. 1998). The court then has the discretion to seal these records under existing law, as specified by Rule 76a(9). This means divorcing parties have a simpler path to sealing sensitive documents than litigants in other civil cases, though they still need to demonstrate a legitimate reason for restricting public access. When Can a Divorce Record Be Sealed in Texas? Texas courts understand that divorce records often contain sensitive information that deserves protection. Unlike other civil cases, divorce records have a special status under Texas law that makes sealing them more straightforward. Under Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 76a(2)(a)(3), documents filed in divorce cases are specifically exempted from the standard strict sealing requirements that apply to other court records. Protecting Children's Information When children are involved, courts take special care in considering what information should remain private. Details about where children live, their schools, or medical information can often be protected through a protective order. Courts recognize that children's privacy interests deserve particular attention during divorce proceedings. https://youtu. be/1TE6_eYChrE Business Information Courts Often Protect Consider a high-level tech executive's divorce case where filings contain details about unreleased products, confidential partnership negotiations, and internal financial projections. Rather than having to meet Rule 76a's strict "specific, serious and substantial interest" standard, the executive can seek a protective order to safeguard this sensitive information. Courts routinely consider protecting trade secrets, confidential operations details, and sensitive financial data that could harm a business if made public. The Practical Approach While you'll still need to demonstrate legitimate reasons for sealing records, the process focuses on practical business privacy concerns rather than Rule 76a's more demanding requirements. For instance, if your divorce... > Learn about Organized Retail Theft in Texas, including the law, penalties, and possible defenses. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - Published: 2024-12-11 - Modified: 2025-01-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/organized-retail-theft-in-texas/ Shoppers love it when stores have stocked their shelves with the latest and greatest merchandise — but they attract more than eager buyers. Recently, there has been a surge in "flash mob thefts," where groups of individuals descend on stores in coordinated efforts, overwhelming security, and staff to steal loads of high-value items and vanish within minutes. Far from random acts of desperation, these are calculated moves by well-organized criminal enterprises. This phenomenon has a name: Organized Retail Theft, or ORT. It’s a growing concern for law enforcement in Texas, especially during holiday seasons when stores are bustling, and resources are stretched thin. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett break down the laws surrounding Organized Retail Theft in Texas, the potential penalties, and the possible defense for those accused of these crimes. What is Organized Retail Theft in Texas? Organized Retail Theft (ORT) is a coordinated crime involving individuals or groups who steal merchandise from retail establishments with the intent to resell the goods for profit. Unlike shoplifting, which is typically committed by a single individual for personal use, Organized Retail Theft involves a criminal network that often targets multiple stores, stealing large quantities of merchandise. These goods are then sold through fencing operations, online marketplaces, or other illicit channels. The state estimates that it loses more than $421 million a year from organized retail theft. And major metropolitan areas, like Houston, rank among the top cities in the United States for Organized Retail Theft, underscoring the popularity of this growing crime. https://youtu. be/mg2IiAGO66w If you or a loved one is facing a charge of ORT in Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, or the surrounding areas, it is critical to contact a seasoned defense attorney immediately. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett have extensive experience handling complex criminal cases, including Organized Retail Theft. The Law: Organized Retail Theft in Texas Under Section 31. 16 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits Organized Retail Theft if he or she intentionally conducts, promotes, or facilitates an activity where a person receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, or disposes of: stolen retail merchandise; or merchandise explicitly represented to the person as being stolen retail merchandise. This statute differentiates Organized Retail Theft from standard theft by focusing on the organized and coordinated nature of the nature of the crime. Key elements of Organized Retail Theft in Texas include: Collaboration between multiple individuals to commit theft. Targeting retail establishments to steal merchandise. Selling stolen goods through established fencing operations or online platforms. The Punishment for Organized Retail Theft in Texas The penalties for Organized Retail Theft in Texas depend on the total value of the stolen merchandise. These penalties range from misdemeanors to first-degree felonies, as outlined below: Less than $100: Class C misdemeanor punishable by up to a $500 fine. $100 to $749: Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to 180 days in jail. $750 to $2,499: Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to a year in jail. $2,500 to $29,999:... > If you were recently in a car accident, you may be wondering, "Should I get a lawyer for a car accident." We tell you when you should - and should not. - Published: 2024-11-28 - Modified: 2025-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/should-i-get-a-lawyer-for-a-car-accident/ Should You Get an Attorney After a Car Accident in Texas? If you’ve recently been in a car accident, you may be wondering whether you should hire an attorney to handle your claim. The answer depends on the specifics of your case, but in many situations, hiring an attorney can help you recover more and get back on your feet faster — even after accounting for their fees. This guide explains when you don’t need an attorney and when it is essential to have a personal injury lawyer after a car accident in Texas. We’ll also cover how hiring a lawyer for a car accident benefits you in ways that extend beyond just financial recovery. When You Probably Don’t Need a Lawyer After a Car Accident In some scenarios, hiring an attorney may not be worth the time, effort, or cost. Here’s when it’s typically unnecessary: 1. If There Is Only Property Damage If your car accident resulted in property damage only — for instance, damage to your vehicle or other personal belongings — and no one was injured, you likely don’t need to hire an attorney. Texas is an at-fault state, meaning the party responsible for the accident (and their insurance company) pays for the damages. Property damage claims are generally straightforward and can be resolved directly with the at-fault driver’s insurance company. As long as liability is clear and the insurance company is cooperating, you can handle these claims yourself. How to Handle a Property Damage Claim: Document the Damage: Take photos of your vehicle and any other property that was damaged. Get an Estimate: Obtain repair estimates from reputable mechanics or body shops. Contact the Insurance Company: File a claim with the at-fault driver’s insurer and provide all necessary documentation. Negotiate If Needed: If the insurer offers less than the repair costs, you can negotiate without legal representation. 2. If You Were At Fault or Mostly At Fault If you were entirely or mostly at fault for the accident, hiring an attorney is typically unnecessary unless the other party is filing a lawsuit against you. Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule, which means: If you are 51% or more at fault, you cannot recover any compensation. If you are 50% or less at fault, you can recover damages, but they will be reduced by your percentage of fault. For example, if you were 30% at fault and sustained $10,000 in damages, you would only be eligible to recover $7,000. However, if you were 51% or more responsible, you would not be eligible for any compensation. In such cases, your best course of action is to let your insurance company handle the matter. When You Should Hire an Attorney After a Car Accident While there are situations where hiring an attorney isn’t necessary, there are also circumstances where having legal representation is critical. Here are the key reasons to hire an attorney after a car accident in Texas: 1. If You Were Injured Personal injuries complicate car... > What is modified comparative negligence in Texas, and how does this principle affect liability decisions? - Published: 2024-11-28 - Modified: 2025-12-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/modified-comparative-negligence-in-texas/ How Does Modified Comparative Negligence Affect Liability Decisions in Texas? In Texas, liability in personal injury cases revolves around the concept of fault. Texas follows the principle of modified comparative fault in determining how damages are awarded when multiple parties share responsibility for an accident. This blog explores what modified comparative fault means in Texas, how it compares to other systems in the United States, and how it impacts liability decisions. We’ll also examine where this law is found in the Texas statutes and provide a comparison table of fault models nationwide. What Is Modified Comparative Negligence? Modified comparative fault is a legal doctrine that allocates damages based on the percentage of fault assigned to each party involved in an incident. Texas uses a modified comparative fault rule with a "50% bar". This means: A plaintiff can recover damages only if they are 50% or less at fault for the incident. If the plaintiff is found to be over 50% at fault, they are barred from recovering any damages. For example, if a jury finds a plaintiff 40% at fault for a car accident and the defendant 60% at fault, the plaintiff can recover 60% of their damages. However, if the plaintiff is 51% at fault, they recover nothing. Where Is the Modified Comparative Liability Rule Found in Texas Law? The modified comparative fault rule in Texas is codified in Section 33. 001 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, as part of the Texas Proportionate Responsibility Statute. This statute outlines the rules for assigning fault and calculating damages in civil cases. Sections 33. 003 and 33. 012 provide additional guidance on how juries allocate fault and reduce damages accordingly. How Modified Comparative Fault Impacts Liability in Texas When a personal injury claim goes to trial, a jury determines each party's percentage of fault. Based on this determination: The plaintiff’s damages are reduced by their percentage of fault. If the plaintiff’s fault exceeds 50%, they cannot recover any damages. For example, if a plaintiff incurs $100,000 in damages and is found 40% at fault, their recovery will be reduced to $60,000. Conversely, if they are 51% at fault, they recover nothing. This same evaluation is discussed and considered in settling personal injury cases. Comparing Fault Models in the United States The United States employs three primary models for handling shared fault in personal injury cases: Pure Comparative Fault: Plaintiffs can recover damages regardless of their percentage of fault, even if they are 99% at fault. Damages are reduced proportionally to their fault. Modified Comparative Fault: Plaintiffs can recover damages only if their fault is below a specific threshold (usually 50% or 51%). Contributory Negligence: Plaintiffs are barred from recovering any damages if they share any fault for the accident, even as little as 1%. Comparison of Fault Models Fault Model Threshold for Recovery States Using This Model Pure Comparative Fault No threshold; plaintiffs can recover damages even if 99% at fault California, Florida, New York, and others Modified Comparative... > Wondering if you can spy on your spouse in Texas? Learn what's legal under state law and avoid costly mistakes. Call Varghese Summersett today 817-203-2220. - Published: 2024-11-27 - Modified: 2026-04-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-spy-on-your-spouse-in-texas/ When suspicions of infidelity arise in a marriage, it’s natural to want answers - and the urge to spy on your spouse can be strong. However, the methods you use to uncover the truth can have serious legal consequences. Texas law is clear on what is permissible when it comes to surveillance, and violating these laws could result in criminal charges, civil liability, or other repercussions. In this article, the criminal defense and family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what Texas law allows — and prohibits—when it comes to spying on your spouse. If you suspect your spouse is cheating, it's more prudent to consult a divorce attorney rather than resorting to potentially illegal measures. Spy on Your Spouse: What Texas Law Says Recording Conversations Under Texas Penal Code § 16. 02, the Lone Star State is a one-party consent state for recording conversations. This means that it is legal to record a phone or in-person conversation as long as one party consents to the recording. Examples: Legal Recording: If you are on the phone with your spouse, you can legally record the conversation without their knowledge or consent. Illegal Recording: It is unlawful to secretly record a conversation between your spouse and a third party if you are not a participant in the conversation. While Texas is a one-party consent state, the decision to spy on your spouse by recording conversations without their knowledge should be approached cautiously to avoid breaking the law. Taking Photos and Videos in Public Places In public spaces, there is generally no reasonable expectation of privacy. You can take photos or videos of your spouse in public without violating the law. However, this does not extend to private settings where privacy is expected. Examples: Legal: Taking a photo of your spouse meeting someone in a restaurant. Illegal: Secretly recording your spouse in a private setting, such as a bathroom or changing room. This constitutes invasive visual recording under Texas Penal Code § 21. 15. Invasive visual recording is a state jail felony punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,000 fine. If you attempt to spy on your spouse by capturing private moments, you risk severe penalties under Texas law. Sharing Intimate Photos or Videos Without Consent Under Texas Penal Code § 21. 16, also known as the “Revenge Porn Law,” it is illegal to share intimate photos or videos of another person without their consent. This includes posting such materials on social media or sending them to others without the subject's knowledge. Violating this law is a state jail felony punishable by up to two years in jail and a maximum $10,000 fine. Examples: Legal: Sharing intimate photos or videos of yourself or your spouse, provided you are of legal age and both parties consent to the distribution. Illegal: Posting intimate photos or videos of your spouse on social media without their explicit consent. Illegal: Sending intimate photos or videos of your spouse via... > Sometimes, you have to fire your personal injury attorney. Here's everything you should know and a template to fire your personal injury attorney. - Published: 2024-11-21 - Modified: 2025-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fire-your-personal-injury-attorney/ Can you fire your personal injury lawyer? It's not uncommon for us to get a call from someone who wants to fire their lawyer. Perhaps they've found the law firm is slow to respond, or perhaps the lawyer is completely unresponsive. It may be the lawyer hasn't helped them get into treatment. Or perhaps they have lost faith that the attorney is going to fight for them. Whatever the reason, the question comes up: Can you fire your personal injury attorney? The answer is "yes," but there are things you should be aware of before you fire your lawyer in a personal injury case to make sure you are doing it right. Understanding Your Contract or Letter of Engagement Most personal injury attorneys in Texas operate on a contingency fee basis, meaning their payment depends entirely on winning your case. This will be laid out in your contract or your letter of engagement with the lawyer. Through a contingency fee arrangement, attorneys typically charge a third of any settlement if your case resolves before litigation begins. However, if your case proceeds to trial, this percentage usually increases to 40 percent to account for the additional work and resources required. The first thing you want to do is review the letter of engagement to see what claims the attorney will make if you terminate the contract. For example, most contracts will say that the attorney will retain a claim against any recovery even if they are terminated. You will want to pay attention to see if the claim is for their fee (which there they can make under some circumstances) or if it is for case expenses. Understanding Attorney Liens and Case Expenses When an attorney invests time and resources into your case, they may place a lien on any future judgment to ensure compensation for their efforts. This legal mechanism protects attorneys who advance costs on behalf of their clients. These expenses typically include court filing fees, expert witness compensation, investigation costs, and other necessary disbursements that accumulate during your case. Even if you change attorneys, your original lawyer may maintain this lien to recover their documented expenses and the reasonable value of services provided. This aspect of legal representation often surprises clients, making it essential to understand from the beginning. Claims for Attorneys Fees (As Opposed to Case Expenses) You may see that your contract says your attorney will claim attorney's fees, not just case expenses. You should proceed more cautiously here and make sure you document the termination was for "just cause" here. The Texas Supreme Court in Mandell & Wright v. Thomas established that if you discharge an attorney hired on a contingency fee basis without good cause before the case concludes, the attorney may seek compensation either through: Quantum meruit: Payment for the reasonable value of services provided. Enforcement of the original contract: Collecting agreed-upon fees from any damages recovered. Therefore, it's crucial to have just cause when terminating the relationship to avoid additional financial obligations.... > Fort Worth is ranked among the worst cities for commuters. Our personal Injury lawyers explain why. - Published: 2024-11-20 - Modified: 2026-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/worst-cities-for-commuters/ Did you know Fort Worth is one of the worst cities for commuters in the country? It ranked No. 10 in Forbes "Hardest Commutes in the U. S. " study, with an average commute time of 26. 80 minutes. This beat Dallas, which had an average commute time of 29. 70 minutes. While this is certainly not a statistic to be proud of, we're not that surprised by it either. If you are one of the millions of people in Fort Worth who commute every day, you know how difficult and frustrating it can be to get around. The accidents, construction, congestion... At Varghese Summersett, we understand the challenges of commuting in Fort Worth and Dallas. We’ve witnessed firsthand the accidents and injuries that often occur on our congested and dangerous roads. In this article, our personal injury attorneys explore why Fort Worth is one of the worst cities for commuters in the nation and what you should do if you find yourself involved in a traffic accident. Factors that Affect Commute Times In 2023, it took drivers an average of 11 minutes and 15 seconds to drive six miles in DFW—that's 9 seconds more than in 2022. While this might seem like a minimal increase, it adds to overall congestion and extends commute times. Each year, commuters in the DFW-area spend an estimated 80 hours in rush hour — time that could be used to read 16 books. Here are some factors that affect travel times and explain Fort Worth's ranking as one of the worst cities for commuters. Ongoing Construction Projects Fort Worth infrastructure is constantly evolving to accommodate its growing population, resulting in numerous ongoing construction projects. Construction zones add minutes to your commute but also pose a significant safety risk, as drivers often have to navigate through narrow lanes, detours and delays. On top of that, construction zones are prime locations for accidents due to the presence of heavy machinery and distracted workers. Here's some problem areas due to construction projects: Interstate 35W Expansion: This major project aims to improve traffic flow but causes significant delays during construction. North Tarrant Express: The expansion of highways 820 and 183 continues to impact commute times. Chisholm Trail Parkway: Ongoing work on this toll road affects traffic patterns in southwest Fort Worth. Southeast Connector: This $1. 6 billion project involves rebuilding and widening approximately 16 miles of I-20 and I-820, impacting traffic in east and southeast Tarrant County. Downtown Fort Worth Streets: The final phase of a four-year program for improvements to downtown streets is underway, potentially causing disruptions in the city center. Cantrell Sansom Road: Widening work between Mark IV Parkway and the future IH 35W southbound frontage road may lead to traffic congestion. Bonds Ranch Road: While the main road work has been completed, ongoing drainage improvements may still affect traffic flow1. These projects, while necessary for Fort Worth's growth and development, require drivers to exercise extra caution and patience when navigating through affected areas. Rapid Population... > Learn about Asset Division in Divorce, the hidden complexities, and how to best navigate the division of assets. - Published: 2024-11-18 - Modified: 2024-11-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/divorce/asset-division-in-divorce-in-texas/ 10 Critical Questions About Asset Division in Texas Divorce When facing divorce in Texas, understanding how your assets will be divided can mean the difference between financial security and hardship. Here are the 10 most critical questions you need to ask about asset division in divorce Texas, followed by a comprehensive explanation of each. 1. What's the Exact Value of Our Total Asset Pool? Before any division can occur, you need a complete inventory of your assets. This includes bank accounts, investments, vehicles, jewelry, artwork, collections, and digital assets like cryptocurrency or online businesses. Getting professional valuations for significant assets is crucial - many divorcing spouses discover their asset pool is worth substantially more (or less) than expected. 2. Which Assets Qualify as Separate Property? Not all assets are subject to division. Assets owned before marriage, inheritances, and specific gifts remain separate property if properly maintained. However, proving separate property status requires clear documentation showing the asset's origin and proving it wasn't commingled with community property during marriage. Learn more about separate property vs community property in this video: https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=hIhd-bRg02k 3. How Will Digital Assets Be Divided? Modern divorces must address digital assets like cryptocurrency, NFTs, online businesses, digital storefronts, and social media accounts with monetary value. These assets present unique valuation and division challenges, often requiring specialized expertise to properly assess and divide. Digital asset division in Texas divorce has become increasingly complex as cryptocurrency portfolios, NFT collections, and digital businesses take center stage. Texas courts now regularly handle the division of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies, treating them as property rather than currency. This distinction matters because crypto assets are valued at the time of division, not divorce filing, meaning dramatic value fluctuations must be considered in the final settlement. Online businesses, including Amazon FBA stores, Shopify shops, and social media accounts with monetization, require specialized valuation methods that consider both current revenue and future earning potential. NFT collections, particularly blue-chip projects like Bored Ape Yacht Club or CryptoPunks, need professional valuation due to their volatile floor prices and unique traits. Digital gaming assets, including valuable items in games like Counter-Strike or World of Warcraft, also fall under scrutiny in modern divorces. Domain names, particularly premium domains, require specialized valuation based on market comparables and revenue potential. Even loyalty points and airline miles are subject to division, though transferability restrictions often complicate their split. Courts increasingly recognize cryptocurrency mining equipment and validator nodes as both business assets and potential future income sources. Each digital asset category requires specific documentation for division: blockchain wallet addresses, exchange account statements, mining operation records, and digital marketplace account histories. Smart contracts and cryptocurrency staking arrangements present unique challenges, as they may lock assets for extended periods, requiring creative solutions for equitable division. 4. How Are Stock Options Handled? Stock options, restricted stock units (RSUs), and other deferred compensation can be community property even if they vest after divorce. Understanding how Texas courts treat these assets is crucial for tech... > This page is helpful when you're looking for Auto Accident Lawyers Near Me and assists in finding accident information. - Published: 2024-11-14 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/auto-accident-lawyers-near-me/ Auto Accidents in Texas: How to Find Information and Help When you hear that a loved one has been in an auto accident, a flood of emotions can overwhelm you—fear, anxiety, and uncertainty. You want answers, and you want them fast. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the urgency of getting accurate information and legal support when it matters most. You may be searching for news about a recent accident or for auto accident lawyers near me. In this guide, we'll explain how to find information about accidents in major Texas cities and outline the general steps to take, no matter where the accident occurred. We'll keep it straightforward and practical because, in times like these, simplicity is key. How to Find Out About an Accident in Texas Cities Fort Worth If you believe an accident occurred in Fort Worth, the following links will help: The City of Fort Worth tracks local accidents. This report tells the locations of recent accidents. Even though it does not name individuals in the accident, it can be helpful if you know someone was in a particular area. DFW Scanner often posts recent accident information. Arlington For accidents in Arlington: The City of Arlington publishes major crash news here. You can order an accident report from the City of Arlington here. Dallas The City of Dallas tracks local accidents. This report tells you the locations of recent accidents, even though it does not name individuals in the accident, it can be a helpful tool if you know someone was in a particular area. Here in how you can obtain an accident report from the City of Dallas. Houston The City of Houston tracks accidents on its active incidents map. If you are looking for an accident report, you can fill out this form and return it to the police department. Fort Bend County For Fort Bend County: You are able to locate active emergency calls in Fort Bend here. You can get information on ordering a police report here. Austin and Travis County In Austin: For active accident investigations in Austin and Travis County, go here. To order an accident report for a wreck in Austin, go here. San Antonio In San Antonio: This X channel posts recent accidents in San Antonio. Here's how to order an accident report in San Antonio. If You Suspect a Loved One Has Been in an Auto Accident: Stay Calm It's easier said than done, but keeping a level head will help you make better decisions. Reach Out Try contacting your loved one directly. They might be able to provide immediate reassurance. Contact Local Authorities If you can't reach them, contacting local police or hospitals can provide information. Gather Information Note the time, location, and any details you might have. When to You Should Contact an Attorney If your loved one has been injured or, tragically, killed in an auto accident, it's crucial to contact an attorney as soon as possible. Here's why timing is essential: Preservation of Evidence... > Learn how to protect your job after a personal injury in Texas. Explore your rights under FMLA, ADA, and Texas workers’ compensation with Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2024-11-14 - Modified: 2025-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/protect-your-job-after-a-personal-injury/ When people are injured in an accident, one of their first thoughts is often, "What am I going to do about work? " Experiencing a personal injury can be overwhelming, especially when you're concerned about the security of your job. https://youtu. be/VM1yvZHiLBg Many Texans face unique challenges in maintaining employment while recovering, particularly if an injury results in long-term medical leave or reduced work hours. Knowing your rights and the resources available can help ensure you can keep your job and recover without unnecessary financial stress. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain how to protect your job after a personal injury in Texas and what types of compensation may be available if you suffered injuries due to someone else's negligence. Programs That Protect Your Job After a Personal Injury The first step in protecting your job after a personal injury is understanding your rights as an employee. In Texas, employers are required to carry workers' compensation insurance, which provides benefits to employees who are injured on the job. This can include medical treatment and wage replacement while you recover. If you were injured outside of work or if your employer does not have workers' compensation insurance, you may still be protected under other laws, such as the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) or the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). These laws provide important protections for employees with injuries or disabilities that impact their ability to work. It's important to familiarize yourself with your rights under these laws and communicate your situation to your employer. Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a federal law designed to protect employees who need time off for medical reasons, including recovery from a personal injury. Under FMLA, eligible employees can take up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year without the risk of losing their job. In Texas, the FMLA applies to private employers with 50 or more employees, as well as all public agencies and schools. To qualify for FMLA, you must meet certain criteria: You must have worked for your employer for at least 12 months. You must have worked at least 1,250 hours over the past 12 months. Your employer must have 50 or more employees within a 75-mile radius. During FMLA leave, your employer is required to maintain your health benefits as if you were still working. Once your leave is over, you are entitled to return to the same or an equivalent position. However, FMLA only offers job protection for 12 weeks, which may not be enough if you face a long-term injury. Can I take FMLA leave if my employer has fewer than 50 employees? You generally cannot take FMLA leave if your employer has fewer than 50 employees. However, some smaller employers may still choose to provide similar benefits voluntarily. Additionally, there might be other state or local laws that offer protections for employees of smaller businesses. If you're facing a situation where... > The age of consent varies across the United States. Here's a look at the age of consent by state and an age of consent map. - Published: 2024-11-10 - Modified: 2026-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/age-of-consent-by-state/ Understanding Age of Consent by State The age of consent is the legal age at which a person is considered mature enough to consent to sexual activity. This age varies from state to state across the United States, typically ranging from 16 to 18 years old. Age of consent laws are essential because they protect minors from potential exploitation, but they can be complex, especially when state and federal laws differ. Knowing the specific age of consent in each state can help you better understand legal boundaries and protections. What is the Age of Consent? The age of consent defines the age at which an individual is legally permitted to consent to sexual activity. This age varies by state, with most states setting the age between 16 and 18. Federal law also plays a role, especially in cases involving interstate activities, online communication, or other federal offenses involving minors. Generally, federal law prohibits sexual activity with individuals under 18 in these cases, even if the age of consent is lower in the minor's state. More About Varghese Summersett: Fort Worth Criminal Defense | Dallas Criminal Defense | Houston Criminal Defense | Fort Bend Criminal Defense Age of Consent By State Any sex allegation involving a child can bring your life to a screeching halt. The accusation - which may be nothing more than a statement - could lead to the loss of freedom, parental rights, housing, and employment. Why Are Age of Consent Laws Important? Age of consent laws are designed to protect young people from sexual exploitation. These laws acknowledge that minors may lack the emotional maturity or legal standing to make informed decisions regarding sexual activity. By setting a legal age, states can help protect minors from predatory actions by older individuals. However, there are also challenges, as many states do not make allowances for minors who misrepresent or lie about their age. Ignorance of a minor’s age is typically not a defense in cases involving statutory offenses. Learn about age of consent in Texas. Learn More About Our Related Practice Areas Dallas Criminal Defense Fort Worth Criminal Defense Fort Bend Criminal Defense Collin County Criminal Defense Houston Criminal Defense Learn more about our DWI Defense Dallas DWI Defense Fort Worth DWI Defense Fort Bend DWI Defense Collin County DWI Defense Houston DWI Defense Age of Consent Map While federal law establishes an age of 18 for sexual consent in specific cases, each state has the authority to set its age of consent laws. The table below summarizes the age of consent across the United States. If you have questions about the age of consent or specific laws in a certain state, it’s best to consult a legal professional. State Age of Consent Alabama 16 Alaska 16 Arizona 18 Arkansas 16 California 18 Colorado 17 Connecticut 16 Delaware 18 Florida 18 Georgia 16 Hawaii 16 Idaho 18 Illinois 17 Indiana 16 Iowa 16 Kansas 16 Kentucky 16 Louisiana 17 Maine 16 Maryland 16 Massachusetts 16 Michigan 16 Minnesota... > In this post we explain third degree felony charges and the associated punishment range in Texas. - Published: 2024-11-06 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/third-degree-felony/ What is a Third Degree Felony Texas? A third degree felony in Texas carries 2 to 10 years in state prison and a fine of up to $10,000. It is the second-lowest felony classification — more serious than a state jail felony but less serious than a second degree felony. If you or someone you love is facing a third degree felony charge, contact Varghese Summersett today for a free consultation. Varghese Summersett is one of Texas's most respected criminal defense firms, with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. Our team of 70+ legal professionals has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across Texas. When you're facing a felony charge, the stakes are too high to go it alone. You've Seen Us On What Is a Third Degree Felony in Texas? Texas law divides criminal offenses into misdemeanors and felonies. Felonies are the more serious category, and they are further divided into four levels: state jail felony, third degree felony, second degree felony, and first degree felony. A third degree felony sits in the middle — serious enough to send you to the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) for up to a decade, but not at the highest tier of felony punishment. Under Texas Penal Code § 12. 34, a third degree felony is punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. A conviction at this level is a permanent felony record, which can affect your ability to vote, own a firearm, work in certain professions, and find housing. The consequences follow you long after any sentence is served. What Does the State Have to Prove? In every criminal case — including third degree felony charges — the burden of proof rests entirely on the State. You have no obligation to prove your innocence. The prosecution must prove every element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt, the highest legal standard in our justice system. A single reasonable doubt on any element should result in a not-guilty verdict. The specific elements the State must prove depend on the particular offense charged. For example, in a stalking case under Texas Penal Code § 42. 072, prosecutors must prove the defendant knowingly engaged in conduct directed at a specific person that the defendant knew or reasonably should have known would cause the person to fear bodily injury or death. An experienced defense attorney scrutinizes each element — and challenges the State where the evidence is weak, missing, or obtained illegally. What Is the Punishment for a Third Degree Felony? Under Texas Penal Code § 12. 34, a third degree felony conviction carries: Prison: 2 to 10 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ). The 2-year minimum applies even if the judge or jury believes a shorter sentence is warranted. Fine: Up to $10,000. Note that court costs, supervision fees, and restitution are on top of this fine, so the financial impact often exceeds $10,000. Combination: A judge... > Chelsea Cook was killed, and her fiance, Evan Ranallo, was seriously injured in a wrong-way wreck in northwest Fort Worth. The family is seeking answers. - Published: 2024-11-06 - Modified: 2024-11-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/family-seeks-answers-after-wrong-way-wreck/ On October 27, Chelsea Cook was killed, and her fiancé, Evan Ranallo, was seriously injured after their pickup was struck by a wrong-way driver in northwest Fort Worth. The couple was driving home on Northwest Loop 820 early Sunday morning after a performance by Evan's band when they were hit head-on by a Ford Focus occupied by a family of four - all of whom tragically died in the crash, including two children. Chelsea also died at the scene. Evan survived but has had multiple surgeries and remains hospitalized. Devastated by the tragedy, Evan and Chelsea's family have retained the law firm of Varghese Summersett to investigate the accident and uncover all contributing factors that may have led to this tragedy. How did this happen? Why was the other family driving the wrong way on the freeway? Was alcohol or impairment involved? Were there any road signs or warnings that may have been missed? Were there any eyewitnesses who could provide additional details about the moments leading up to the crash? "Our goal is to support the families through this incredibly difficult time, find the answers they deserve, and address any and all responsible parties," said Partner Ty Stimpson, who leads the firm's Personal Injury Division. "Chelsea's life was tragically cut short, and Evan faces a long road of recovery, both physically and emotionally. This couple was supposed to be planning their wedding. " A GoFundMe has been established in honor of Chelsea and to support Evan's long-term medical needs: https://gofund. me/1983a26a. If you or someone you know has a tip or lead regarding this wrong-way wreck, please call 817-207-4878. > A video showing Jason Kelce spiking a heckler's phone this weekend has gone viral. But will he face legal trouble? - Published: 2024-11-04 - Modified: 2024-11-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/could-jason-kelce-face-legal-trouble/ Jason Kelce — former NFL star, ESPN analyst, and podcast sensation — is used to going viral, but last weekend, it was completely unexpected and unscripted. In a video widely distributed on social media, Kelce can be seen smashing a man's phone outside Penn State's Beaver Stadium after he shouted a homophobic slur about his brother, Travis, dating pop sensation Taylor Swift. This incident has raised questions: Could Kelce face legal consequences? What about the heckler who incited him? In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett break down the potential legal implications, which depend on several factors, including the laws in Pennsylvania and whether law enforcement chooses to get involved. Jason Kelce Confronts Fan Over Slur Jason Kelce, former Philadelphia Eagles center, was involved in a heated altercation with a fan outside Beaver Stadium at Penn State University on Saturday, November 2, 2024. Kelce was walking through a crowd of fans while carrying a case of beer when a man in the background shouted a homophobic slur, targeting Kelce's brother Travis and his relationship with pop star Taylor Swift. In response, Kelce turned around, grabbed the man's phone, and forcefully smashed it on the ground. The confrontation didn't end there. After destroying the phone, Kelce picked it up and walked away. Another video angle shows the man, wearing a Penn State sweatshirt, chasing after Kelce and demanding the return of his phone. Witnesses reported that Kelce then repeated the slur back to the man, escalating the verbal exchange. This incident occurred while Kelce was in State College for an appearance on ESPN's "College GameDay" ahead of the Penn State versus Ohio State football game. Potential Charges for Jason Kelce? If Jason Kelce were to face criminal charges—which is a very big IF—they would fall under Pennsylvania law. Here's a look at potential charges that could stem from the incident, with the most likely charge being criminal mischief or disorderly conduct. Criminal Mischief Under Pennsylvania Law, specifically Title 18, Section 3304, Kelce's actions could be classified as criminal mischief. A person is guilty of criminal mischief if he or she: 1) Intentionally, recklessly, or negligently damage the tangible property of another using fire, explosives, or other dangerous means. 2) Intentionally or recklessly tamper with the tangible property of another in a way that endangers the person or property. 3) Intentionally or recklessly cause another to suffer pecuniary loss by deception or threat. 4) Intentionally deface or damage tangible public property or tangible property of another with graffiti using aerosol spray-paint, broad-tipped indelible markers, or similar devices. 5) Intentionally damage real or personal property of another. 6) Intentionally deface personal, private, or public property by discharging a paintball gun or paintball marker at that property. The severity of the charge depends on the value of the damaged property. If the phone's value is between $500 and $1,000—for a typical smartphone—it could be considered a third-degree misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $2,500 fine.... > Here's what you should expect if you are considering an uncontested divorce in Texas. - Published: 2024-11-04 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/uncontested-divorce/ An uncontested divorce in Texas is a divorce where both spouses agree on all major issues, including property division, child custody, and support. This type of divorce typically costs less, takes less time, and causes less emotional stress than a contested divorce. Most uncontested divorces can be finalized in 60 to 90 days. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team helps Texas couples who want to end their marriage cooperatively. When both parties are willing to work together, an uncontested divorce offers the smoothest path forward. What Is an Uncontested Divorce in Texas? An uncontested divorce occurs when both spouses agree on every aspect of ending their marriage before filing. There are no disputes to resolve in court, and the judge simply reviews and approves the agreement both parties have reached. For a divorce to qualify as truly uncontested, both spouses must agree on: How to divide all property and assets Who takes responsibility for which debts Child custody arrangements (if children are involved) Visitation schedules and the standard possession order Child support amounts Whether spousal maintenance will be paid Division of retirement accounts and investments What happens to the family home How to handle joint bank accounts and personal property If you disagree on even one of these issues, the divorce becomes contested. However, many couples who start with disagreements are able to resolve them through mediation and still achieve an uncontested divorce. How Long Does an Uncontested Divorce Take in Texas? Texas law requires a mandatory 60-day waiting period from the date you file your divorce petition. The court cannot finalize your divorce until this waiting period ends. This requirement exists under Texas Family Code Section 6. 702 to give couples time to be certain about their decision. A typical uncontested divorce follows this timeline: Day 1: File Original Petition for Divorce Days 1-60: Complete and sign the final decree and all associated documents Day 61 or later: Attend the final hearing (called a "prove-up") Within 1-2 weeks after hearing: Judge signs the final decree Most uncontested divorces are completed within 60 to 90 days from filing. However, this timeline assumes both parties remain cooperative and no unexpected issues arise. How Much Does an Uncontested Divorce Cost? The cost of an uncontested divorce varies depending on the complexity of your situation. At Varghese Summersett, we often offer flat fee arrangements for straightforward uncontested divorces, which means you know exactly what to expect from the start. Our flat fee typically covers initial consultation and case evaluation, preparation of all legal documents, communication with your spouse or their attorney, and representation at the final hearing. Filing fees are not included in the flat fee but are predictable based on which Texas county handles your case. Flat fee arrangements work best when both parties are in complete agreement on all issues, there are no complex assets requiring professional valuation, both parties are responsive and cooperative, and matters related to any children have been agreed upon. What Happens at the Final Hearing?... > The Texas Supreme Court ruled courts must apply a stricter standard of proof before issuing lifetime protective orders that sever a parent’s relationship with their children. - Published: 2024-10-30 - Modified: 2025-05-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/lifetime-protective-orders/ The Texas Supreme Court Rules Higher Standard of Proof Required for Lifetime Protective Orders Severing Parental Rights In a landmark decision issued on May 2, the Texas Supreme Court ruled that courts must apply a stricter standard of proof before issuing lifetime protective orders that effectively sever a parent’s relationship with their children. The case, Stary v. Ethridge, centered on a permanent protective order granted to Brady Ethridge against Christine Stary, which barred Stary from contacting her children after allegations of family violence. The trial court had issued the order using the “preponderance of the evidence” standard - the lowest burden of proof in civil cases. However, Stary argued that the order was so severe it amounted to a termination of her parental rights, which under Texas law requires proof by “clear and convincing evidence,” a much higher standard. The Texas Supreme Court agreed, holding that when a protective order is permanent and effectively ends a parent-child relationship, due process demands the higher “clear and convincing evidence” standard. The Court found that the lower courts had not applied this standard or made sufficiently detailed findings to support such a drastic order. Under the standards announced today, trial courts rendering a protective order exceeding two years against a parent must (1) make the requisite finding for an order to exceed two years under a clear and convincing standard, and (2) consider the best interest of the child. The justices sent the case back to the trial court for further proceedings, instructing the lower court to reconsider the evidence under the heightened burden of proof and to provide explicit findings of fact. Legal experts say the ruling will have broad implications for family law cases across Texas, ensuring greater due process protections for parents facing the prospect of permanent loss of contact with their children through civil protective orders. The decision clarifies that Texas courts must treat lifetime protective orders with the same constitutional safeguards as parental rights termination cases, marking a significant shift in how such cases will be handled going forward. Read Opinion Here: Stary v. Ethridge Lifetime Protective Orders in Family Law Cases: Texas Supreme Court Hears Arguments The Texas Supreme Court heard oral arguments on October 29, 2024, in a case that highlights the precarious balance between protecting children and preserving parental rights. The case, Stary v. Ethridge (No. 23-0067), challenges the constitutionality of lifetime protective orders issued under a preponderance of evidence standard in family law cases. Listen: In-Depth Analysis of Stary v. Ethridge and Permanent Protective Orders Benson Varghese · Podcast: Texas Supreme Court on Lifetime Protective Orders Background of Stary v. Ethridge Christine Stary and Brady Ethridge divorced in 2018, initially maintaining an amicable shared custody agreement. However, their situation changed dramatically following an incident at Stary's home on March 5, 2020, which led to a police investigation into initial allegations of injury to a child, a third-degree felony offense. In response, Ethridge quickly sought legal intervention, filing for a protective order while the criminal... > In this article, we discuss auto insurance in Texas so you can best protect yourself in case of an accident or loss. - Published: 2024-10-21 - Modified: 2025-01-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/auto-insurance-in-texas/ Auto Insurance in Texas: A Comprehensive Guide In Texas, as in many other states, drivers are required by law to carry certain minimum levels of insurance coverage. However, the world of auto insurance can be complex, with various types of coverage available, each serving a specific purpose. Too often we see individuals who get insurance to protect others (comprehensive coverage) while not getting coverage to protect themselves (Comprehensive, PIP, MedPay). So in this article, we will walk you through the different types of insurance and how to best protect yourself. Whether you're a new driver in Texas or a long-time resident looking to better understand your insurance options, this article will provide you with the knowledge you need to make informed decisions about your auto insurance coverage. Liability Coverage Liability coverage is the foundation of auto insurance in Texas and is required by law for all drivers. This type of insurance protects you financially if you're at fault in an accident that causes injury to others or damage to their property. In Texas, the minimum required liability coverage is often referred to as 30/60/25, which breaks down as follows: $30,000 per person for bodily injury $60,000 per accident for bodily injury $25,000 for property damage It's important to note that these are minimum requirements, and many drivers choose to carry higher limits for better protection. Liability coverage is divided into two main categories: Bodily Injury Liability This coverage pays for the medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering of individuals injured in an accident where you're at fault. It applies to both the other driver and their passengers. In severe cases, it can also cover legal fees if you're sued as a result of the accident. Property Damage Liability This part of your liability coverage pays for damage you cause to another person's property in an accident. This most commonly applies to the other driver's vehicle but can also cover damage to structures like fences or buildings if you were to crash into them. While liability coverage is essential and required by law, it's important to understand that it does not cover your own injuries or damage to your own vehicle. For those types of protection, you'll need to consider additional coverage options. Collision Coverage Collision coverage is an optional type of insurance that pays for damage to your own vehicle resulting from a collision with another vehicle or object, regardless of who is at fault. This coverage can be particularly valuable for newer or more expensive vehicles, as repair costs can be significant. Here's what collision coverage typically includes: Repairs to your vehicle after an accident Replacement of your vehicle if it's deemed a total loss Coverage for collisions with other vehicles, as well as fixed objects like poles or guardrails Protection if your car is damaged in a hit-and-run incident It's worth noting that collision coverage usually comes with a deductible, which is the amount you agree to pay out of pocket before your insurance kicks in.... > Learn about the time limits to file a claim against the government in Texas. - Published: 2024-10-18 - Modified: 2024-10-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/time-limits-to-file-a-claim-against-the-government-in-texas/ Time Limits to File a Claim under the Texas Tort Claims Act Filing a personal injury claim can be complex under normal circumstances, but when the defendant is a governmental entity in Texas, the process becomes even more complicated. Governmental entities in Texas, such as cities, counties, and state agencies, generally enjoy a high level of protection against lawsuits. However, there are circumstances where this immunity can be waived, allowing individuals to pursue claims for personal injury, property damage, or wrongful death. This article discusses the specific time limits and notice requirements involved in filing a claim against a governmental entity in Texas, focusing on the statute of limitations and the six-month notice rule. Understanding the Texas Tort Claims Act (TTCA) At the heart of filing a claim against a governmental entity in Texas is the Texas Tort Claims Act (TTCA), which is codified in Chapter 101 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The TTCA generally shields governmental units from liability while they are performing governmental functions. However, under specific circumstances, this immunity is waived, allowing individuals to sue governmental entities. Waiver of Governmental Immunity According to Section 101. 021 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, the governmental unit may be liable for: Property damage, personal injury, and death caused by the negligence of a government employee acting within the scope of their employment, if: The injury or damage arises from the operation or use of a motor-driven vehicle or equipment, and The employee would be personally liable if they were a private person under Texas law. Personal injury or death caused by the condition or use of tangible personal or real property, under circumstances where the governmental unit would be liable if it were a private individual. While this waiver allows injured parties to seek compensation, the TTCA also imposes specific limitations, including the time limits for filing claims and lawsuits, as well as damage caps for successful claims. Time Limits to File a Claim Against the Government in Texas The statute of limitations refers to the maximum amount of time a plaintiff has to file a lawsuit after an injury or incident. In Texas, personal injury lawsuits are typically subject to a two-year statute of limitations. This two-year time limit also applies to claims against governmental entities under the Texas Tort Claims Act. Under Section 16. 003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, plaintiffs have two years from the date of the incident that caused their injury or property damage to file a lawsuit. Failure to file within this period usually results in the loss of the right to pursue legal action. While the two-year statute of limitations applies generally, claims against governmental entities involve an additional requirement—the six-month notice provision—which must be met before any lawsuit can proceed. The Six-Month Notice Requirement One of the most crucial differences between filing a claim against a private party and filing against a governmental entity is the six-month notice requirement under the Texas Tort... > Do you suspect you're under investigation by law enforcement? Here are signs you are under investigation or could be. - Published: 2024-10-18 - Modified: 2024-10-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-are-signs-you-are-under-investigation/ Signs You May Be Under Investigation: A Lawyer's Perspective As criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett, we often have clients who suspect they may be under investigation, even without direct contact from law enforcement. This article will highlight some signs of an ongoing investigation and offer guidance on what to do if you believe you’re being investigated. What are the signs that you are under investigation by law enforcement or the FBI even if you have not been contacted by them? - Actual search conducted by SEC X hacker before FBI Arrest Just before being arrested by the FBI, the hacker who took control of the SEC X account, boosting Bitcoin values for a day searched for signs that the FBI might be after him. As a starting point, in the eyes of law enforcement, the search itself is incriminating, although there's nothing illegal about it. So what is the answer to the question posed? In this article, we'll use our decades of experience defending criminal allegations (an prosecuting them before that) to answer the question. Understanding Law Enforcement Investigations Before discussing the signs, it’s important to understand how investigations work: Local Law Enforcement Local agencies usually respond to crimes quickly. However, investigations into financial or computer-related crimes might take longer. Federal Agencies Federal agencies like the FBI work more slowly. It can take years before an arrest, even after the investigation has started. Signs You Are Under Investigation (or Might Be) 1. Arrests or Investigations of Associates If people you know—whether business partners, friends, or family—are being investigated or arrested, it could be a sign that you’re part of a larger investigation. Law enforcement often works by connecting individuals through their associations, looking at networks to identify suspects or accomplices. For example, if your business associate is being scrutinized for financial misconduct, authorities might believe you were involved or had knowledge of the wrongdoing. Similarly, if people in your personal life are arrested for criminal activities, such as drug offenses or fraud, law enforcement might consider you as part of the same circle. It's important to pay attention to who around you is being questioned or arrested, as their cases could be linked to you. 2. Internet Service Provider Notification Another strong indicator of an investigation is receiving a notice from your internet service provider (ISP) stating that they’ve been compelled to release information about your internet usage or online activity. Law enforcement can issue a subpoena to ISPs to gain access to your browsing history, emails, or other internet-based communications. This typically happens when authorities are investigating cybercrimes, such as fraud, hacking, or illegal downloads, but it could also occur in cases involving financial crimes or other activities where digital evidence is relevant. If you receive such a notification, it’s a clear signal that you’re under scrutiny for what you’ve been doing online, and you should immediately seek legal advice. 3. Search of Business or Property A search of your business or property is one of the most... > The Texas Farm Animals Liability Act limits liability for injuries caused by farm animals - but not completely. Learn more. - Published: 2024-10-16 - Modified: 2024-10-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/texas-farm-animals-liability-act/ The Texas Farm Animals Liability Act (FALA) The Texas Farm Animals Liability Act (FALA) limits the liability of farm animal owners when someone is injured while participating in activities involving animals like horses, cattle, or livestock. If you're injured on a farm, FALA keeps the owner from being held responsible for your injuries, especially if the injury happened due to inherent risks involved in dealing with farm animals, such as unpredictable behavior. That does not mean that farmers are insulated from all claims arising from injuries caused by farm animals. In this article, our Texas personal injury lawyers discuss the limitations of FALA and what you should do if you were injured on a farm in Texas. Who is a "Participant" under FALA? The limitation of liability pertains to injuries or death sustained by a "participant. " According to Section 87. 001, a participant is: For farm animal activities: Anyone who engages in the activity, regardless of their status. This means it doesn't matter if they are an amateur or professional, if they paid for the activity or are doing it for free, or if they are an independent contractor or employee. The key point is that they are actively involved in the farm animal activity. For livestock shows: There are two categories of participants: A person who registers for and is allowed by the livestock show sponsor to compete in the show by showing an animal on a competitive basis. A person who assists the competitor described above. In essence, the definition is quite broad for farm animal activities, encompassing anyone involved regardless of their skill level, payment status, or employment relationship. For livestock shows, it's more specific, focusing on the actual competitors and their direct assistants. Activity Type Who is Considered a Participant Additional Notes Farm Animal Activity Any person who engages in the activity Includes both amateurs and professionals Includes those who pay and those who participate for free Includes both independent contractors and employees Livestock Show A person who registers and is allowed to compete by showing an animal A person who assists the competitor Must be registered and allowed by the show sponsor The competition involves showing an animal Assistants to competitors are also considered participants Definition of "Inherent Risks" According to Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 87. 003, an inherent risk refers to dangers or conditions that are an integral part of activities involving farm animals, livestock shows, or farm operations. These risks are considered inherent because they are naturally occurring or unavoidable aspects of dealing with animals and farm environments. The law specifically outlines several categories of inherent risks: Animal behavior: This includes the natural tendency of farm animals or livestock to act in ways that could cause injury or death to people handling them or in their vicinity. Unpredictable reactions: Animals may react unpredictably to various stimuli such as sounds, sudden movements, or unfamiliar objects, people, or other animals. Environmental factors: For activities involving equine animals, this includes certain land... > We explain the Statute of Limitations for Personal Injury in Texas. - Published: 2024-10-13 - Modified: 2026-02-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/statute-of-limitations-for-personal-injury-in-texas/ https://youtu. be/nMbCjdF9uso Understanding the Statute of Limitations for Personal Injury Cases in Texas As experienced personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett, we are often asked about the time limits for filing a personal injury lawsuit in Texas. In this article, our lawyers explain the statute of limitations for personal injury in Texas, the importance of meeting the statute, and important exceptions. What is the Statute of Limitations? The statute of limitations is a law that sets the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated. In the context of personal injury cases, it determines how long an injured party has to file a lawsuit against the party responsible for their injuries. In Texas, the general statute of limitations for personal injury cases is governed by Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 16. 003(a), which states: “Except as provided by Sections 16. 010, 16. 0031, and 16. 0045, a person must bring suit for trespass for injury to the estate or to the property of another, conversion of personal property, taking or detaining the personal property of another, personal injury, forcible entry and detainer, and forcible detainer not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues. ” This means that in most personal injury cases in Texas, you have two years from the date of the injury to file a lawsuit. Why Do We Have Statutes of Limitations for Personal Injury Cases? Statutes of limitations serve several important purposes in our legal system: Preservation of evidence: Over time, evidence can deteriorate, be lost, or become less reliable. Witnesses' memories may fade, and physical evidence may be destroyed or altered. By requiring cases to be filed within a certain timeframe, statutes of limitations help ensure that evidence is still fresh and available. Fairness to defendants: It's considered unfair to subject individuals or entities to the threat of a lawsuit indefinitely. Statutes of limitations provide a degree of certainty and allow people to move on with their lives without the constant fear of legal action. Encouragement of prompt legal action: These time limits motivate injured parties to pursue their claims diligently, rather than sitting on their rights indefinitely. Efficiency of the legal system: By limiting the time within which claims can be brought, statutes of limitations help prevent the court system from being overwhelmed with old cases. What Must Be Done to Meet the Statute of Limitations? To meet the statute of limitations in Texas, you must file your lawsuit with the appropriate court before the statutory period expires. Simply notifying the potential defendant of your intention to sue or attempting to negotiate a settlement is not sufficient. The process typically involves: Preparing a petition (also known as a complaint): This document outlines your case, including the facts of the incident, the injuries suffered, and the legal basis for your claim. Filing the petition with the court: This must be done in the appropriate court, which is usually in the county where the injury... > The Texas juvenile justice system is different for girls, than boys. Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick explains how and what family members can expect. - Published: 2024-10-07 - Modified: 2026-01-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-juvenile-justice-system-handles-girls/ The Texas juvenile justice system treats girls differently than boys in several key ways, including separate housing in detention facilities, gender-appropriate supervision during searches, and specialized programming. While girls make up only about 30% of juvenile referrals, families seeking information about what happens when a daughter enters the system often struggle to find answers. This guide explains the unique aspects of Texas juvenile detention and court processes for girls. Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick shares what families need to know about their daughter's journey through the Texas juvenile justice system. What Offenses Lead Girls Into the Juvenile System? According to 2023 Texas Juvenile Justice Department records, approximately 30% of all juvenile court referrals were girls. The offenses bringing girls into the system differ significantly from those for boys. Girls were most likely to be referred for misdemeanor assault causing bodily injury (41% of referrals), misdemeanor theft (46% of referrals), and runaway (57% of referrals). These lower-level offenses mean girls are more likely to be diverted out of the system without going through detention or the formal court process. This creates a challenge for families. With fewer girls going through the system, there are fewer conversations and less available information about what happens specifically for juvenile girls. What Happens When a Girl Is Taken to Juvenile Detention? Texas law provides strict protections for girls in juvenile detention centers. The Texas Administrative Code, Section 343 outlines detailed regulations for how facilities must handle female residents. In detention, a girl will receive her own room in a girls-only wing, unit, or pod of the facility. She will share bathrooms only with other girls. The facility will provide her with a gender-neutral uniform and basic hygiene items. While girls may be combined with male residents at certain points during the day, the girls unit typically stays together and separate from boys. Will Male Guards Supervise My Daughter? Male guards may work at facilities that also house boys. However, Texas law prohibits male staff from supervising showers, clothing changes, or personal hygiene practices for female residents. If a pat-down or strip search becomes necessary, only a female staff member may conduct it, and it must be done in private. For probation officers assigned after intake or during supervision, there are no legal restrictions based on gender. Both male and female probation officers may supervise girls on pre-trial or post-adjudication probation. Are There Specialized Programs for Juvenile Girls in Texas? Most programs and services offered through juvenile probation departments are designed for both boys and girls, or sometimes only for boys. Few jurisdictions offer programs specifically for girls. Larger counties typically have more options. For example, Tarrant County offers SafeDate, a domestic violence awareness and prevention course geared toward girls. Harris County provides the GEMS program (Girls Empowerment, Mentoring, and Support), which addresses the unique needs of girls with mental health challenges or a history of trauma or abuse. If you believe your daughter would benefit from specialized programming, talk to her defense attorney about... > In this article, we discuss how long can a juvenile be detained in Texas. - Published: 2024-10-06 - Modified: 2024-10-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile/how-long-can-a-juvenile-be-detained/ How Long Can a Juvenile Be Detained in Texas If your child has been arrested in Texas, it's crucial to understand the specific laws and procedures governing juvenile detention. The Texas Family Code outlines a distinct set of rules for how long a child can be held in custody compared to adults. This article, prepared by our Board Certified Juvenile Specialist, provides a detailed overview of the juvenile detention process in Texas, including key timelines and legal requirements. Six-Hour Limit for Juvenile Processing Texas Family Code Section 52. 025(d) stipulates that a child can be kept in a juvenile processing office for a maximum of six hours. Transportation: According to Section 52. 01(a) of the Texas Family Code, a child must be brought to an officially designated juvenile processing office without unnecessary delay. They cannot be taken to any other place first. Purpose of Juvenile Processing Office: Section 52. 025(b) outlines the permitted activities in a juvenile processing office, which include: Returning the child to a parent or responsible adult Completing essential forms and records Photographing and fingerprinting (if authorized) Issuing required warnings Taking a statement from the child These provisions ensure that juveniles are processed separately from adults and are provided with specific protections. What Happens In A Juvenile Processing Office? During the initial processing, law enforcement officers will: Collect basic information about the child Contact the child's parents or guardians Determine whether the child should be released or detained further It's important to note that this is not an interrogation phase, and the child's rights must be protected throughout the process. 48 Hours to First Court Hearing If a juvenile is not released after initial processing, the Texas Family Code mandates a prompt detention hearing: Section 54. 01(a) requires that a detention hearing must be held no later than the second working day after the child is taken into custody. If the child is detained on a Friday or Saturday, the hearing must be held on the first working day after custody. This initial hearing is crucial as it determines whether the child will be released or continue to be detained. Ongoing Review Every 10 Days For juveniles who remain in detention after the initial hearing, the law requires regular reviews: Section 54. 01(h) specifies that a detention order extends to the conclusion of the disposition hearing, but for no more than 10 working days. Subsequent detention hearings must be held every 10 working days to reassess the need for continued detention. These ongoing reviews ensure that detention is continuously justified and necessary. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JrJDs0GtkQ8 Parents Must Be Notified Of The Arrest Promptly The Texas Family Code emphasizes the importance of parental involvement: Section 52. 02(b) requires that a person taking a juvenile into custody must promptly notify the child's parent, guardian, or custodian. If the child is under guardianship, the Probate Court must be notified by the first working day after the child is taken into custody (§52. 02(b), §52. 011, F. C. ). Parental... - Published: 2024-10-04 - Modified: 2024-10-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/punishment-range-for-juveniles/ A Comprehensive Guide to the Punishment Range for Juveniles in Texas If your child is facing a juvenile charge, it is essential to understand the punishment range for juveniles in Texas. The Texas Family Code provides a range of disposition options that focus on rehabilitation rather than pure punishment. This comprehensive guide prepared by our Fort Worth Juvenile Lawyer offers a detailed overview of the various punishment ranges and disposition options available in the Texas juvenile justice system. Overview of the Juvenile Justice System in Texas In Texas, the juvenile justice system handles cases involving youth between the ages of 10 and 16 who are accused of committing delinquent acts. The system's primary goal is rehabilitation, aiming to redirect young offenders away from criminal behavior and towards becoming productive members of society. Types of Juvenile Offenses Before discussing punishment ranges, it's important to understand the types of offenses that can bring a juvenile into the system: Delinquent Conduct: Acts that would be considered crimes if committed by an adult. Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision (CINS): Less serious offenses, including truancy, running away, and certain misdemeanors. https://youtu. be/ihUSoOOYnwg? list=PLwKVUzTK602-niTYE6hr_8qP4vO__Jz_7 Punishment Ranges in Juvenile Court Punishment ranges in juvenile court differ significantly from those in adult court. With the exception of determinate sentences, there is no set minimum or maximum sentence in the juvenile system. This flexibility allows the court to tailor dispositions to the individual needs of each juvenile offender. For example: An adult convicted of Aggravated Robbery might face 5-99 years in prison or life. A juvenile offender for the same offense could face: Commitment to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) until their 19th birthday Probation until their 18th birthday Disposition Options for Juveniles When allegations against a juvenile are found to be true, the court has numerous disposition options available. These dispositions can be categorized as determinate and indeterminate sentences. Other terms you may hear in regards to dispositions in regards to juveniles include: 1. Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD) Formerly known as the Texas Youth Commission (TYC), the TJJD is the state agency responsible for the care, custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of the most serious juvenile offenders. Commitment to TJJD is typically reserved for more severe cases or repeat offenders. 2. Texas Juvenile Probation Commission (TJPC) The TJPC oversees juvenile probation services in Texas. Through county Juvenile Probation Departments, juveniles can be supervised in several ways: a. Deferred Prosecution A voluntary alternative to adjudication Typically involves an agreement between the child, parent, prosecuting attorney, and juvenile probation department Reserved for less serious offenses and non-habitual offenders Duration: 6-12 months b. Regular Probation Allows juveniles to remain living with their families while completing probation terms Can last until the juvenile's 18th birthday May include conditions such as school attendance, curfews, counseling, restitution to victims, community service, and more. https://youtu. be/duUc8hNiM3o? list=PLwKVUzTK602-niTYE6hr_8qP4vO__Jz_7 c. Long Term Detention (Post Adjudication Detention/PAD) For juveniles unable to succeed on probation at home Involves completion of a long-term program in county detention or... > Learn how personal injury settlements are paid out in Texas. Explore lump sum payments, structured settlements, and what happens after a settlement is reached. - Published: 2024-09-30 - Modified: 2025-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-settlements/ When someone is injured in a Texas accident, they may be entitled to compensation for their property damage, medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. This compensation is typically paid out through a personal injury settlement, which is an agreement between the injured party and the at-fault party or their insurance company. https://youtu. be/XkFdHyUykdw Settlements are usually disbursed through either a lump sum payment or a structured settlement, each with its unique benefits and drawbacks. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain how personal injury settlements are paid out in Texas and the different options available to injured parties. Lump Sum Payments A lump sum payment is a one-time, comprehensive payment that covers the total amount agreed upon in the settlement. This is often the most straightforward option, where the injured party receives the entire settlement amount in a single check or direct deposit. For example, if a settlement is reached for $250,000, the injured party would receive the full amount (minus any fees or liens) in a single payment. How Are Lump Sum Payments Processed? After an agreement has been reached with the insurance company or the liable party, the defendant typically has a set period, often between 30 to 60 days, to disburse the settlement funds. Texas law allows for the settlement agreement to be documented in a legally binding contract, which both parties sign. After this, the defendant (or their insurer) processes the payment. Here’s how it typically works: Settlement Agreement: Both parties sign the settlement agreement, which outlines the terms and conditions. Release Form: The plaintiff signs a release form, which essentially waives their right to pursue further legal action related to the injury. Payment Disbursement: The settlement amount is then disbursed, usually to the plaintiff's attorney, who manages the distribution. Pros of Lump Sum Payments Immediate Access to Funds: Receiving the full amount at once can be beneficial if the injured party has substantial medical bills, lost wages, or other pressing financial needs. Financial Freedom: A lump sum allows the recipient to invest, save, or use the money as they see fit. Finality: The case is closed once the payment is made, offering a sense of closure and eliminating future dealings with the defendant or insurer. Cons of Lump Sum Payments Financial Risk: With a large sum of money comes the risk of poor financial decisions. Without careful management, the funds can be depleted quickly. Tax Implications: Although personal injury settlements are generally non-taxable, any interest or investment income earned from the lump sum may be subject to taxation. No Long-Term Financial Support: A lump sum does not provide ongoing financial support, which may be necessary if the injured party has long-term medical needs. Structured Settlements A structured settlement involves periodic payments made over a set period, rather than a single lump sum. The payments can be arranged in various ways, including monthly, annually, or in larger sums at specific intervals. How Are Structured Settlements Processed? Structured settlements involve receiving... > Sole custody in Texas: Understand the legal process and what rights you have if you're granted sole custody. - Published: 2024-09-26 - Modified: 2024-09-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sole-custody-in-texas/ In Texas, the term “sole custody” isn’t a term officially used in court proceedings. Instead, what is thought of as “sole custody” is called “sole managing conservatorship” in family courts. This type of legal arrangement allows one parent to have the exclusive authority to make important decisions about their child’s life, including decisions on matters such as the child’s education, healthcare, and religious upbringing. How to Get “Sole Custody” in Texas To begin the process of obtaining sole custody, you need to file a petition in your county's family court. This petition is a formal document that outlines your reasons for seeking sole custody and explains how it would benefit your child. To support your petition, you should gather and present evidence that substantiates your claim for sole custody. This evidence might include instances of neglect, abuse, or other issues that could affect the child's well-being. You will then need to attend a court hearing where both parents present their cases. The judge will review the evidence, listen to testimonies, and decide based on what is in the child’s best interest. In some situations, the court may order mediation to help both parents reach an agreement without going to trial. Mediation can be a helpful step in finding a compromise. Once all information has been reviewed, the judge will make a decision and issue a ruling. If you are granted sole custody, the court will provide a formal order detailing your rights and responsibilities. https://youtu. be/smbFGVI32Y8 How to Get “Sole Custody” if You Aren’t the Child’s Parent If you are not a biological parent but wish to seek sole custody, the process can be more complex but remains feasible under certain conditions. The biggest difference if you are seeking sole custody and are not a parent is that you must first establish legal standing. This typically involves demonstrating that you have a significant relationship with the child and that you are capable of meeting their needs. However, under Texas law, a judge will appoint a parent to have sole custody unless the judge finds that having the parent as a sole managing conservator would not be in the best interest of the child. It is highly advisable to consult with an experienced family law attorney who can guide you through this intricate process and help you understand your legal standing. Rights of a Sole Managing Conservator As the parent granted sole custody, you will have several important rights, including: Major Decision-Making: You will have the exclusive right to make decisions about your child’s education, health care, and religious upbringing. Living Arrangements: You can determine where your child will live and with whom. Control Over Access: You have authority over the child’s interactions with the non-custodial parent, though the court may set visitation schedules to ensure the child maintains a relationship with both parents. While sole custody gives you the final say in key decisions, it doesn’t necessarily mean the other parent will be completely excluded from the child’s life unless... > Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese explains New York Mayor Eric Adams indictment. - Published: 2024-09-26 - Modified: 2024-09-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mayor-eric-adams-indictment-explained/ What was New York Mayor Eric Adams Indicted For? New York City Mayor Eric Adams has been indicted on five federal charges, marking a significant development in an investigation that began in 2021. In this article, our Federal Criminal Defense Lawyer will break down the indictment, explain its contents, and provide context for the allegations against Mayor Adams. The Five Counts in the Mayor Adams Indictment Conspiracy (18 U. S. C. § 371) Adams is accused of conspiring to commit wire fraud, receive illegal campaign contributions from foreign nationals, and engage in federal program bribery. Punishment: Up to 5 years in prison Elements: (1) An agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime; (2) a defendant's knowing and voluntary participation; and (3) an overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy Learn more about federal conspiracy defense. Wire Fraud (18 U. S. C. § 1343) Adams allegedly participated in a scheme to fraudulently obtain public matching funds for his campaigns by falsely claiming that certain contributions qualified when they did not. Punishment: Up to 20 years in prison Elements: (1) A scheme to defraud; (2) use of interstate wire communications to further the scheme; and (3) intent to deprive a victim of money or property Learn more about wire fraud defense. Solicitation of Foreign Contributions (2021) (52 U. S. C. §§ 30121 and 30109(d)(1)(A)) Adams is charged with knowingly soliciting and accepting campaign contributions from foreign nationals for his 2021 mayoral campaign. Punishment: Up to 5 years in prison if the violation involves $25,000 or more Elements: (1) Knowingly soliciting, accepting, or receiving a contribution from a foreign national; (2) in connection with a federal, state, or local election; and (3) the amount is $25,000 or more in a calendar year Solicitation of Foreign Contributions (2023) (52 U. S. C. §§ 30121 and 30109(d)(1)(A)): A similar charge for his 2025 re-election campaign. Punishment: Up to 5 years in prison if the violation involves $25,000 or more Elements: Same as above Bribery (18 U. S. C. § 666(a)(1)(B)) Mayor Adams is accused of accepting free and heavily discounted luxury travel benefits from Turkish officials in exchange for using his influence over New York City's regulation of a Turkish diplomatic building. Punishment: Up to 10 years in prison Elements: (1) Defendant was an agent of a local government receiving federal funds; (2) solicited or accepted something of value; (3) intending to be influenced in connection with government business of $5,000 or more Learn more about federal corruption. If convicted on all counts, Adams could face up to 45 years in prison, though such maximum sentences are rarely imposed, especially for first-time offenders. Mayor Eric Adams Federal Indictment Investigation Timeline 2021: Federal authorities initiate an investigation into Adams' dealings with Turkish officials and Turkish-American business leaders. November 2023: The probe becomes public knowledge when FBI agents confiscate Adams' electronic devices. Today: The federal indictment against Adams is unsealed. Background of the Investigation in Mayor Adams The investigation into Mayor Adams' activities started... > In Texas, spouses can have a "no-fault divorce," which means no one has to prove any wrongdoing in the marriage. Learn more. - Published: 2024-09-23 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-texas-a-no-fault-divorce-state/ Texas recognizes two types of divorce: fault-based and no-fault. A no-fault divorce under Texas Family Code § 6. 001 requires only that the marriage has become "insupportable" due to conflict, with no reasonable expectation of reconciliation. A fault-based divorce requires proving your spouse's misconduct caused the marriage to fail. Understanding which path fits your situation can affect property division, timeline, and overall costs. What Is a No-Fault Divorce in Texas? No-fault divorce is the most common type in Texas. You do not have to prove your spouse did anything wrong. Under Texas Family Code § 6. 001, you simply need to show the marriage has become "insupportable" because of discord or conflict of personalities. This means the problems between you and your spouse have destroyed the marriage, and there is no reasonable chance of working things out. Other states often call this "irreconcilable differences" or "irretrievable breakdown. " Texas uses the term "insupportability," but the concept is the same. Neither spouse has to take the blame. What Are the Fault-Based Grounds for Divorce in Texas? Fault-based divorce means one spouse caused the marriage to fail through specific misconduct. Texas Family Code Chapter 6 lists six fault grounds: Cruelty (§ 6. 002): Your spouse treated you so cruelly that living together became unbearable. This can include physical abuse, emotional abuse, or patterns of harmful behavior. Adultery (§ 6. 003): Your spouse had a sexual relationship outside your marriage. You must prove the affair actually happened, not just suspected infidelity. Conviction of a Felony (§ 6. 004): Your spouse was convicted of a felony and imprisoned for at least one year in a state or federal prison. This ground does not apply if your spouse was convicted based on your testimony. Abandonment (§ 6. 005): Your spouse left you with the intent of abandonment and stayed away for at least one year. Living Apart (§ 6. 006): You and your spouse have lived apart without cohabitation for at least three years. Confinement in Mental Hospital (§ 6. 007): Your spouse has been confined in a mental hospital for at least three years, and the mental disorder is severe enough that adjustment is unlikely, or relapse is probable. How Does Fault Affect Property Division in Texas? Texas is a community property state. Courts divide marital assets in a way that is "just and right. " When fault is proven, the court may award the innocent spouse a larger share of the marital estate. For example, if your spouse wasted significant marital funds on an affair or gambling, proving fault could result in you receiving more than 50% of the community property. The judge has discretion to consider the circumstances when dividing assets. In a no-fault divorce, property division typically starts closer to a 50/50 split. However, other factors like income disparity, health conditions, and child custody arrangements can still affect the final division. Watch: Texas Divorce Fault vs. No-Fault Grounds Explained https://youtu. be/Gl7u8TJah_Q Why Do Most Texas Couples Choose No-Fault Divorce? About 95%... > Our federal criminal defense attorney addresses, What's next for Diddy? Learn about Diddy's potential sentence and his future. - Published: 2024-09-21 - Modified: 2025-07-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/whats-next-for-diddy/ What's Next for Diddy? A Guide to Federal Sentencing Sean "Diddy" Combs faces an uncertain future after a federal jury found him guilty on two counts of transportation to engage in prostitution. With bail denied and up to 20 years in federal prison looming, the music mogul now enters the most critical phase of his criminal case: sentencing. The judge's decision to keep Combs behind bars, citing his history of violence and past illegal conduct, signals that the court views these convictions with utmost seriousness. While Combs escaped conviction on the more severe charges of racketeering conspiracy and sex trafficking, his legal troubles are far from over. The transportation charges each carry a maximum sentence of 10 years, and the judge will decide whether these sentences run concurrently or consecutively—a decision that could mean the difference between a decade and two decades in federal prison. A scheduling hearing next week will set the timeline for what promises to be one of the most closely watched sentencing proceedings in recent entertainment history. Key Timeline: What Happens Next Next Week: Scheduling conference to set sentencing date Within 7-14 Days: Court orders Presentence Investigation (PSR) Weeks 3-4: Combs' critical interview with U. S. Probation Officer Weeks 5-10: PSR investigation and victim impact statements collected Days 60-75: PSR disclosed to parties; objections filed Days 75-90: Sentencing memoranda filed by both sides Day 90-120: Sentencing hearing - judge determines prison term Within 14 Days of Sentencing: Notice of appeal must be filed 12-18 Months: Appeal process through Second Circuit The Presentence Investigation: Your Life Under a Microscope The moment Judge denied Combs bail, the clock started ticking on one of the most important documents in the federal criminal justice system: the Presentence Investigation Report, commonly known as the PSR. This comprehensive document will essentially become Combs' biography for the federal criminal justice system, following him from sentencing through incarceration and eventual release. Within days of the scheduling hearing, the court will formally order the United States Probation Office to conduct this investigation. A senior probation officer, experienced in high-profile cases, will be assigned to dig deep into every aspect of Combs' life. This isn't a casual review—it's an exhaustive examination that typically takes 60 to 90 days to complete. The process begins with what will likely be the most important interview of Combs' life. Sitting in a secure room at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, Combs will face hours of questioning about his entire life history. His attorneys will be present but cannot answer for him. The probation officer will want to know everything: his childhood in Harlem, the murder of his father when he was just three years old, his rise from poverty to becoming one of hip-hop's most successful moguls, his business empire, his relationships, and crucially, his version of the events that led to his conviction. But the probation officer won't simply take Combs at his word. Every claim will be verified through documentary evidence. Tax returns will be scrutinized to... > Varghese Summersett expands to Houston, opening its fourth location in Texas. The high-caliber law firm handles criminal defense, personal injury, and family law matters. - Published: 2024-09-11 - Modified: 2024-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-expands-to-houston/ Varghese Summersett, one of the largest and fastest-growing criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practices in North Texas, has expanded to Houston with the opening of a fourth location. The firm, which is headquartered in downtown Fort Worth and has locations in Dallas and Southlake, is now providing comprehensive legal services to clients in Houston, Pasadena, Sugar Land, Pearland, Richmond, and the surrounding areas. Its newest location in Houston is strategically positioned to serve clients in Harris and Fort Bend counties. "The decision to expand to the Houston area was a natural one for us," said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. "Our firm has experienced tremendous growth in recent years, and we are committed to serving as much of Texas as possible. When we saw an opportunity to help people in one of the state's largest cities, we seized it. I'm confident we have the right leader at the helm, and we are excited to build upon our reputation as the firm people turn to when facing life's greatest challenges. " Leading the Houston office is Mike Hanson, a highly accomplished criminal attorney who has been practicing in the area for nearly a decade—as a prosecutor, military lawyer, and now a sought-after defense attorney. As a Judge Advocate (JAG lawyer) with the U. S. Army Reserves and a former D1 football player for Texas Tech University, Hanson is not afraid to go into battle — whether it’s defending his clients in court or advocating for justice outside of it. "Joining Varghese Summersett and expanding its reach into Harris and Fort Bend counties is an incredible opportunity," said Hanson, who serves as Senior Counsel for the firm. "This is my home, and I care deeply about the people and communities here. The firm's reputation for excellence and dedication to clients aligns perfectly with my own values as an attorney, a soldier, and most importantly, a father. I think helping people through the lowest points in their lives is one of the most honorable things you can do. " With the opening of the Houston office, Varghese Summersett is now poised to serve clients across Southeast Texas. The firm’s attorneys are known for their aggressive representation and exceptional outcomes in high-profile criminal cases, complex personal injury matters, and contentious family law disputes. "Each division of our firm is composed of the brightest minds in the state of Texas, hand-selected for their experience, knowledge, and proven track record," said Partner Anna Summersett. "They are the best at what they do, and Mike Hanson is no exception. We are thrilled to have him as our senior counsel for the Houston area. He will ensure that every person who walks through our door will receive the highest level of representation and support. ” About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premiere criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice in Texas dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. The firm’s roster is full of highly experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing... > School shootings result in significant criminal charges. Learn more about what charges could stem from a school shooting in Texas. - Published: 2024-09-05 - Modified: 2026-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/school-shooting-criminal-charges/ Criminal Charges Stemming from School Shootings in Texas School shootings are among the most heartbreaking tragedies a community can face, bringing the nation’s attention to the stark contrast between the innocence of the victims and the devastating nature of the crime. In Texas, school shootings have led to a variety of serious criminal charges, reflecting the gravity of the offenses committed. The legal consequences for such acts can vary, depending on the specific circumstances. Below are the key types of criminal charges that can stem from a school shooting in Texas. Capital Murder Capital murder is the most severe form of homicide in Texas and can result in either the death penalty or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. School shootings often result in capital murder charges due to the severity and nature of the crime. Here are three ways a school shooting can result in capital murder charges: Multiple Victims: Under Texas Penal Code §19. 03(a)(7), a person commits capital murder if they kill more than one person during a single event. In the context of a school shooting, where multiple lives are often tragically lost, this charge frequently applies. Victims Under 15: A shooting that results in the death of a child under 15 years old is automatically classified as capital murder under Texas Penal Code §19. 03(a)(8). This law previously applied to children under 10, but now extends to older minors. Killing a Peace Officer or Firefighter: If a school shooter intentionally kills a peace officer, such as law enforcement personnel or a school security officer, while they are performing their duties, this also qualifies as capital murder under Texas Penal Code §19. 03(a)(1). Learn more about capital murder. Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon If a school shooting results in injuries but no fatalities, the shooter may face charges of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. This charge is applied when a person causes serious bodily injury or uses a firearm during the assault. Even in cases where no one is physically injured, the use of a firearm can still lead to this charge, emphasizing the inherent danger posed by the shooter’s actions. Learn more about Aggravated Assault in Texas. Terroristic Threat Shooting in or near a school could lead to charges of making a terroristic threat, particularly if the act causes fear or disrupts school operations. Under Texas Penal Code §22. 07(c), if a shooter intends to incite widespread fear or interrupt normal school functions, they may be charged with a third-degree felony. This charge can be applied in situations such as: Threatening to commit a school shooting, leading to an evacuation or shutdown. Sending violent threats via social media, email, or phone to incite panic within the school community. Disrupting public services related to school safety, such as emergency response systems or law enforcement procedures. Learn more about terroristic threat in Texas. Deadly Conduct A shooter may face charges of deadly conduct if they recklessly engage in behavior that puts others at risk... > Did you know that women are more likely to file for divorce than men? Find out why in this article. - Published: 2024-08-29 - Modified: 2025-01-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/who-is-more-likely-to-file-for-divorce/ When it comes to divorce, women are statistically more likely to initiate the proceedings and file for divorce first. The reasons behind this trend point to evolving societal roles, shifting expectations, and the pressures women face in modern relationships. In this article, we will explore some of the factors that contribute to women seeking divorce, but first please take a moment to watch this video by Turner Thornton, an experienced Texas divorce lawyer. https://youtu. be/Yp-ana1cV5I How Many Marriages End in Divorce in 2024? Around 43 percent of first marriages today will end in divorce. While this statistic might seem alarming, it's important to note that divorce rates have actually been declining slightly in recent years. In comparison, 60 percent of second marriages and 73 percent of third marriages end in divorce. The Most Common Reasons for Divorce in 2024 According to recent data, the most common reasons people file for divorce in 2024 include: Communication Issues: Poor communication remains a leading cause, with many couples struggling to effectively express their needs and concerns. Communication breakdowns are often exacerbated by the fast pace of life and the digital age, where superficial interactions through text messages and social media can replace meaningful, face-to-face conversations. Many couples find themselves unable to express their needs, emotions, and concerns effectively, leading to misunderstandings, resentment, and ultimately, the decision to divorce. Infidelity: Affairs and breaches of trust can destroy the foundation of a marriage. The rise of online platforms and dating apps has made it easier for individuals to engage in affairs, whether emotional or physical. The discovery of an affair often results in a profound breach of trust, causing irreparable damage to the relationship. As a result, many couples see divorce as the only viable option after such a betrayal. Financial Problems: Disagreements over money can lead to significant strain and eventual separation. economic pressures, including rising living costs, student debt, and financial inequality, contribute to increased tension between partners. Disagreements over spending habits, financial priorities, and unequal contributions to household income can lead to persistent conflict. When financial issues become overwhelming, they can push couples toward divorce as they struggle to find common ground. Lack of Intimacy: A decline in emotional and physical connection is also a frequent cause of divorce. The stresses of daily life, including demanding work schedules and the challenges of parenting, can lead to a reduced emotional connection and physical closeness. When intimacy diminishes, couples may feel disconnected, lonely, and unfulfilled, often leading them to consider divorce as a way to seek happiness elsewhere. In Texas, "insupportability" is the most common ground for divorce. This is essentially a no-fault option, allowing couples to end their marriage without proving wrongdoing by either party. Insupportability, often referred to as irreconcilable differences, acknowledges that the marriage has become unsustainable due to discord or conflict, with no reasonable expectation of reconciliation. This legal framework reflects a growing recognition that sometimes, despite the absence of blame, a marriage simply cannot continue. Why Are Women More... > When parents separate, one of the biggest concerns is how to divide parenting time. An arrangement that is quickly becoming more popular is 50/50 custody. Learn more. - Published: 2024-08-26 - Modified: 2024-08-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/50-50-custody-in-texas/ When parents separate, one of the biggest concerns is how to divide parenting time. An arrangement that is quickly becoming more popular is 50/50 custody. However, 50-50 custody is not included in the Texas Family Code, and arranging this type of schedule may be confusing. In this article, we will explain what 50/50 custody means and how to arrange it in Texas. Does Texas Recognize 50/50 Custody? Yes, although it is not outlined in the Texas Family Code, Texas courts may allow 50/50 custody arrangements if it is in the child’s best interest. Does Joint Custody Mean 50/50 Custody? Not exactly. "Joint custody" means that both parents share the responsibility for raising their child. This can be split into two types: Joint Legal Custody: Both parents have equal rights to make important decisions about their child's upbringing, like education and healthcare. Joint Physical Custody: This refers to the physical time the child spends with each parent. While joint custody often leads to 50/50 arrangements, they are not the same. Joint custody doesn’t always mean the time spent with each parent is exactly equal. Do You Still Have to Pay Child Support if You Share 50-50 Custody? It is a common misconception that parents don’t have to pay child support if they have a 50/50 schedule. However, even with a 50/50 custody arrangement, child support may still be required. Texas law takes into account the financial needs of the child as well as the income of both parents. Even with a 50/50 arrangement, child support depends on various factors including each parent's income and expenses. Standard Possession vs. 50-50 Custody In Texas, the most common custody arrangement is found in a "Standard Possession Order. " This schedule is outlined in the Texas Family Code and is often used when parents cannot agree on a different arrangement. It typically gives the non-custodial parent possession on the first, third, and fifth weekend of every month, Thursday evenings, and extended time during summer vacations and holidays. Below is the 2024 Standard Possession Calendar. 50/50 custody involves an equal split of time which can look different depending on the parents' schedules and the child's needs. It is often more balanced than a Standard Possession Order but requires careful planning and communication. What Does a 50/50 Custody Schedule Look Like? 50/50 custody is a rather creative arrangement, and there are several ways to set up this type of schedule. For example, here are two common types of 50/50 schedules: Every Other Week One parent has the child for a full week, then the other parent has the child for the next week. Some parents may decide this type of schedule and create an extended version by alternating between two-week periods instead of one. Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. Parent A Parent A Parent A Parent A Parent A Parent A Parent A Parent B Parent B Parent B Parent B Parent B Parent B Parent B 2-2-3 Schedule The child spends two days with... > Have you ever considered who is held responsible when a drunk driver kills someone? In this article our personal injury lawyer explains. - Published: 2024-08-21 - Modified: 2024-08-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drunk-driver-kills-someone/ What Happens When a Drunk Driver Kills Someone? On August 19, 2024, a catastrophic accident occurred on Interstate 35W in Fort Worth, Texas, resulting in the deaths of five family members, including two children. The crash, involving a suspected drunk driver in a Chevrolet Camaro, has sent shockwaves through the community and reignited discussions about the pervasive issue of impaired driving. This comes only one week after a Fort Worth police officer was killed by a drunk driver. In this article, our Fort Worth car accident lawyer explains what happens when a drunk driver kills someone. Details of a Recent Fatal Crash The incident unfolded when an intoxicated 19-year-old drove a Chevrolet Camaro at excessive speeds on the northbound lanes of I-35W. The driver lost control of the vehicle and violently rear-ended a sedan carrying a family of five. The force of the impact was so severe that it caused the sedan to burst into flames, tragically claiming the lives of all occupants. https://youtu. be/psRw6lEhVqc Legal Implications and Potential Liability Criminal Responsibility The 19-year-old driver faces five counts of intoxication manslaughter, a second-degree felony in Texas. If convicted, each count carries a potential sentence of 2 to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000. Given the multiple fatalities, the driver could potentially face life in prison if sentenced consecutively. Notably, the legal age to drink in Texas is 21, so the 19-year old should not have been drinking at all. Insurance Claims The insurance situation in this case could play a crucial role in potential compensation for the victims' families: Driver-Owned Vehicle: If the 19-year-old driver owned the Camaro, his auto insurance policy would be the primary source for a claim. However, given the severity of the accident and multiple fatalities, the policy limits may be quickly exhausted. Permissive User: If the driver was using the Camaro with the owner's permission (a "permissive user"), the vehicle owner's insurance policy would typically be the primary coverage. In Texas, this coverage usually extends to anyone using the car with the owner's consent. Policy Limits: It's important to note that most personal auto insurance policies have per-person and per-accident limits. In a catastrophic case like this, these limits may be far below the actual damages incurred. Umbrella Policies: If either the driver or the vehicle owner (in case of permissive use) has an umbrella insurance policy, this could provide additional coverage beyond the auto policy limits. Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist Coverage: If the victims' own auto insurance included uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, their estates might be able to make a claim against this coverage if the at-fault driver's insurance is insufficient. Potential Claimants in a Deadly Drunk Driving Accident Since the entire family perished in the accident, the following parties may have standing to bring wrongful death claims: Estates of the Deceased: The personal representatives of the estates of both the parents and children can file wrongful death claims on behalf of the deceased. Surviving Family Members: Under Texas law, parents, children,... > Surprising twists and lessons to be learned from the Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez divorce case. - Published: 2024-08-21 - Modified: 2024-08-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ben-affleck-and-jennifer-lopez-divorce/ Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez Divorce: Key Takeaways Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck have captivated Americans' hearts for over 20 years. Their relationship timeline is filled with moments of joy, heartbreak, and, ultimately, rekindled love, which culminated in a divorce filing this week. From their first meeting on the set of "Gigli" in 2002 to their recent marriage and subsequent challenges, the couple has remained a beloved fixture in the public eye. Their romance, affectionately dubbed "Bennifer," has been a rollercoaster ride of ups and downs, with the couple facing intense media scrutiny, postponing their wedding in 2003, and eventually parting ways in 2004. Despite these setbacks, Lopez and Affleck remained friends and continued to support each other throughout the years. In a surprising turn of events, the couple rekindled their romance in 2021, culminating in a fairytale wedding in Las Vegas in July 2022. But their marriage proved to be short-lived, with Lopez filing for divorce on August 20, 2024—the two-year anniversary of their wedding ceremony in Georgia. In this article, the divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett offer some insights into the end of Bennifer 2. 0 and why the Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez divorce is anything but typical. Jennifer Lopez's Pro Se Divorce Filing Perhaps the most noteworthy aspect of the Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez divorce is that it was a "pro se" filing by Jennifer. In California, this is referred to as a "pro per" filing and that means Jennifer Lopez filed the divorce proceeding herself. She is not represented by counsel. While that would be highly unadvisable for most, there are a few reasons Ben and Jennifer may have chosen this route: Absence of Children: Since Lopez and Affleck do not have children together, custody and child support issues, which are often contentious in divorce cases, are not a factor in their situation. Amicable Proceedings: The couple's decision to file pro se indicates a desire to maintain a peaceful and cooperative relationship during the divorce process. They've known each other long enough (and separated in the past) to be able to fairly predict they are not going to be arguing about anything. Staying Out of the Limelight: Ben and Jennifer may have also made the decision to keep the intimate details of their divorce out of the public eye. In Texas, a similar outcome can be achieved through a special process called collaborative divorce. A massive benefit of a collaborative divorce is it stays entirely out of the public domain. Experience: Jennifer Lopez has had three past divorces: Ojani Noa (1997-1998) Cris Judd (2001-2003) Marc Anthony (2004-2014) Ben Affleck has had one past divorce: Jennifer Garner (2005-2018) At this point, they know what they want and don't want their divorce to be. That experience gives them an edge in handling their divorce on their own. Absence of a Prenuptial Agreement Another surprising aspect of this high-profile divorce is the reported absence of a prenuptial agreement. For individuals with substantial assets or earning potential, a... > Molly-Mae Hauge and Tommy Fury have ended their engagment. The divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett offer possible reasons for the reality couple's split. - Published: 2024-08-19 - Modified: 2024-08-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/molly-mae-hague-tommy-fury-why-it-didnt-last/ When news broke of the split between Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury, fans of the popular couple were heartbroken. After all, Molly-Mae and Tommy had been coupled up since their time on the reality show Love Island in 2019, and it seemed like the perfect match. But as many relationships go, things didn't work out for the engaged couple, even after the birth of their baby girl. Obviously, they are the only ones who know exactly what led to the breakup, but as experienced divorce attorneys, we can make some educated guesses. In this article, we offer potential reasons why their relationship ran into trouble. But first, here’s a history lesson on the couple if you’re new to the Molly-Mae and Tommy Fury love story. The Molly-May & Tommy Fury Love Story Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury's love story began in 2019 when they met on Love Island UK, where they quickly became fan favorites and finished as runners-up. Their relationship blossomed during the show, and they continued to share their journey with fans through social media. Key Milestones in Their Relationship Love Island (2019): Molly-Mae and Tommy met during Season 5 of the show, where their chemistry was evident. Although they did not win, they garnered a significant following. After the show, Molly-Mae and Tommy leveraged their popularity to build successful careers as influencers. Molly-Mae excelled in fashion and beauty, becoming the creative director for PrettyLittleThing, while Tommy pursued a career in boxing, being the younger brother of heavyweight champion Tyson Fury. Home and Family: In March 2022, the couple purchased their first home together, marking a new chapter in their relationship. Later that year, on September 25, they announced they were expecting their first child. Their daughter, Bambi, was born in January 2023. Engagement: Tommy proposed to Molly-Mae in July 2023 during what she initially thought was a fake brand trip. The proposal was a surprise, and they shared their joy with fans through social media posts. Public Celebrations: They frequently celebrated milestones together, including their engagement anniversary and the first anniversary of their daughter's birth, often sharing heartfelt messages and videos. Molly-Mae and Tommy's relationship has been characterized by both public adoration and personal challenges, making them prominent figures in contemporary reality television culture. The Molly-Mae & Tommy Breakup On August 14, 2024, Molly-Mae Hague and Tommy Fury announced their breakup after five years together, which included the birth of their daughter, Bambi, in January 2023 and their engagement in July 2023. Both shared emotional statements on Instagram, expressing their heartbreak and prioritizing their daughter amidst the split. Molly-Mae stated, “Never in a million years did I think I’d ever have to write this,” emphasizing her shock at the end of their relationship. The couple's breakup has resonated with fans, marking the end of a significant chapter in the Love Island narrative, as they were seen as one of the show's more genuine couples. The announcement follows a period of public celebration of their engagement and family... > Varghese Summersett has been recognized as one of America's fastest-growing law firms, ranking No. 38 in the legal category on the 2024 Inc. 5000 list. Learn more. - Published: 2024-08-13 - Modified: 2025-08-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-makes-the-inc-5000-list/ Varghese Summersett has been recognized as one of America's fastest-growing law firms, ranking No. 38 in the legal category on the 2024 Inc. 5000 list of the nation's fastest-growing private companies. Overall, the firm ranks No. 2126 on the Inc. 5000 list of fastest-growing private companies nationwide, with a three-year revenue growth of 247 percent. It placed 76th in the Dallas—Fort Worth area. The prestigious ranking, which was released on August 13, provides a data-driven look at the most successful companies within the economy’s most dynamic segment: independent entrepreneurial businesses. "We are honored to have made Inc. Magazine's list of America's fastest-growing companies for the second time in our 10-year history," said Benson Varghese, founder and managing partner of the firm. "It's especially rewarding to also be recognized as a fastest-growing law firm. We went from hanging a shingle in 2014 to becoming one of the largest and fastest-growing criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practices in North Texas, with multiple office locations. Each member of our firm was hand- selected for their expertise, dedication, and compassion. We are proud to be the law firm Texans turn to during their most challenging times. " In 2018, Varghese Summersett also made the Inc. 5000 list, coming in at No. 782. The class of 2024 represents companies that have driven rapid revenue growth while navigating inflationary pressure, the rising costs of capital, and seemingly intractable hiring challenges. "We have worked very hard to build a firm that is not only recognized for its legal expertise but also its commitment to client service and community impact," said Anna Summersett, a named partner of the firm. "This achievement is a testament to the dedication of our entire team and the trust our clients have placed in us. As we continue to grow and scale, we remain focused on delivering the highest level of legal representation and making a positive difference in the lives of those we serve. " For complete results of the Inc. 5000, including company profiles and an interactive database that can be sorted by industry, location, and other criteria, go to www. inc. com/inc5000. “One of the greatest joys of my job is going through the Inc. 5000 list,” said Mike Hofman, the editor-in-chief of Inc. “To see all of the intriguing and surprising ways that companies are transforming sectors, from health care and AI to apparel and pet food, is fascinating for me as a journalist and a storyteller. Congratulations to this year’s honorees, as well for growing their businesses fast despite the economic disruption we all faced over the past three years, from supply chain woes to inflation to changes in the workforce. ” The annual Inc. 5000 Conference & Gala, honoring the companies on the list, will be held October 16 to 18 in Palm Desert, California. As always, speakers include some of the greatest innovators and business leaders of our generation. , About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premiere personal injury, criminal defense, and family... > Are you an active member of the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County? Apply for the $1000 Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship today. - Published: 2024-08-07 - Modified: 2025-06-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/elena-rios-memorial-scholarship/ Overview of the Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship Amount: $1000 Deadline: June 1, 2025 On February 16, 2024, Elena Rios, a mother of four and grandmother of 13, was tragically killed in a forklift accident at a north Fort Worth Walmart distribution center. Elena was a devoted mother, grandmother, sister, friend, and active member of the north Fort Worth community. Varghese Summersett is honored to represent Elena’s family and, in her memory, has established the Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship, which will award a scholarship annually to a member of the Boys & Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County (BGCGTC). The Boys & Girls Club is a non-profit organization close to our hearts. Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett and the personal injury attorney representing Elena's family, spent a lot of time at the BGCGTC - Don Kromer Branch in Arlington as a youth. Ty, the youngest of three siblings, was raised by a single mother who relied on the Club as a safe and supportive place for her son. Today, Ty serves on the BGCGTC Executive Board and recently initiated a partnership with Varghese Summersett and BGCGTC to host a Back-to-School Bash on August 10 to provide free school supplies to students. These meaningful connections inspired us to create a scholarship in Elena Rios’ memory, that serves members of the Boys and Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County. Eligibility for Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship To be eligible, applicants must be: An active member of the Boys and Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County Ages 6-18 years old Click Here to Apply for the Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship Application Deadline The scholarship application must be submitted by June 1, 2025. Applications submitted after that deadline will not be considered. To check out our other scholarship opportunities, please visit versustexas. com/scholarships. 2025 Scholarship Winner Congratulations to Tyrell Miles-Jennings, the 2025 inaugural recipient of the Elena Rios Memorial Scholarship. Tyrell is a 16-year-old junior at Seguin High School and a longtime member of the Boys & Girls Club, which he’s attended since age 8. He plans to pursue a career in audio engineering in college to further his passion for music. > Our Fort Worth Railroad Injury Lawyer explains how unique railroad injury claims are and how to best pursue these claims. - Published: 2024-08-07 - Modified: 2024-08-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-railroad-injury-lawyer/ Fort Worth, Texas, has long been synonymous with the railroad industry. The arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in 1876 cemented Fort Worth's position as a key transportation hub, transforming it from a frontier outpost to a thriving city. As a hub of rail activity, our city has seen its fair share of railway-related injuries and accidents. If you or a loved one has been injured in a railroad accident, here's what you need to know from our Fort Worth railroad injury lawyer. Today, Fort Worth remains a vital center for rail transportation. The city is home to several major rail yards and serves as a crucial interchange point for multiple rail lines. This strategic location has allowed Fort Worth to maintain its importance in the national rail network. Fort Worth consistently ranks among the top 20 cities in the United States for rail activity. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex, as a whole, is often considered one of the top 5 rail hubs in the country, with Fort Worth playing a significant role in this ranking. Several major railroad companies have a significant presence in Tarrant County, including: BNSF Railway: Headquartered in Fort Worth, BNSF is one of the largest freight railroad networks in North America. Union Pacific Railroad: While headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, Union Pacific has a substantial presence in Fort Worth and operates extensive rail lines throughout Texas. Trinity Railway Express (TRE): A commuter rail line jointly owned by Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) and Trinity Metro, connecting Fort Worth to Dallas. TEXRail: A commuter rail line operated by Trinity Metro, connecting downtown Fort Worth to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. View this post on Instagram A post shared by Dallas Texas TV (@dallastexas_tv) What to do if you're injured as a railroad worker When a railroad worker is injured on the job, the process for seeking compensation is different from that of most other industries. This is primarily due to the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), which we'll discuss in more detail later. Here's an overview of what should happen after a rail worker is injured: Immediate Medical Attention The worker should seek medical attention as soon as possible, even if the injury seems minor. Reporting the Injury The worker must report the injury to their supervisor or employer as soon as possible. Delay in reporting can potentially harm a future claim. Investigation The railroad company will likely conduct an investigation into the incident. It's crucial for the worker to be cautious about what they say during this process. Consult with our lawyers before you give a statement related to a FELA claim. FELA Claim Instead of filing a workers' compensation claim, railroad workers typically file a FELA claim against their employer. We recommend that you speak to one of our attorneys before you file your FELA claim. Legal Representation Due to the complexities of FELA claims, injured workers should seek legal representation to protect their rights and interests. Bases for Bringing a Lawsuit Railroad workers may have... > In this article, we explain every sexual assault in Texas. Allegations of sexual assault are as varied as the reasons the accusations are made. - Published: 2024-08-05 - Modified: 2024-08-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/sexual-assault-in-texas/ Sexual Assault in Texas: A Comprehensive Guide We have put together the most comprehensive guide on sexual assault in Texas. Allegations can come anytime as most of these offenses have no statute of limitations. We have successfully defended every level of sexual allegation, including "super aggravated" sexual offenses where the minimum punishment begins at 25 years in prison (no probation or parole). Our track record speaks volumes about our expertise and dedication to protecting our client's rights and futures. At Varghese Summersett, we pride ourselves on having multiple Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists on our team. This prestigious designation, awarded by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, is the highest certification a criminal lawyer can achieve, demonstrating our commitment to excellence and in-depth knowledge of criminal law. In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk you through the various sexual offenses in Texas, providing crucial information to help you understand the charges, potential consequences, and how our experienced team can assist in your defense. Sexual offenses in Texas are serious crimes with severe penalties. This guide covers the various sexual crimes, their definitions, punishment ranges, and registration requirements. Quick Links Sexual Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Young Child or Children Indecency with a Child Sexual Performance by a Child Online Solicitation of a Minor Improper Relationship Between Educator and Student Indecent Assault Prohibited Sexual Conduct Invasive Visual Recording Possession or Promotion of Child Pornography Trafficking of Persons Compelling Prostitution Sexual Coercion Sexual Assault Definition: Non-consensual sexual penetration or contact. This includes: Penetration of the anus or sexual organ without consent Penetration of the mouth by a sexual organ without consent Causing the sexual organ of another to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person without consent Punishment: Second-degree felony, 2-20 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine Registration: Yes, lifetime registration as a sex offender Statute of Limitations: 10 years Learn more about Sexual Assault Aggravated Sexual Assault Definition: This charge involves sexual assault plus aggravating factors such as: Causing serious bodily injury Attempting to cause death Using or exhibiting a deadly weapon Administering drugs to facilitate the offense Assaulting a victim under 14 years old Punishment: First-degree felony, 5-99 years or life in prison and up to a $10,000 fine Registration: Yes, lifetime registration as a sex offender Statute of Limitations: No statute of limitations Learn more about Aggravated Sexual Assault Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Young Child or Children Definition: Committing two or more acts of sexual abuse against a child under 14 over a period of 30 days or more Punishment: First-degree felony, 25-99 years or life in prison and up to a $10,000 fine Registration: Yes, lifetime registration as a sex offender Statute of Limitations: No statute of limitations Learn more about Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Young Child or Children Indecency with a Child Definition: Sexual contact with a child under 17 or exposure of genitals to a child with intent to arouse or gratify sexual... > Understand loss of consortium in Texas PI cases. Learn how families can claim for the emotional and relational impact of a loved one's injury or death. Contact us for help. - Published: 2024-07-29 - Modified: 2024-07-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/loss-of-consortium/ When people are severely injured or killed in a negligent accident case, their loved ones are also deeply impacted. Life, as they knew it, will also never be the same. This is where the concept of "loss of consortium" comes into play in personal injury (PI) cases. In Texas, loss of consortium claims recognize the intangible but significant losses that spouses and family members suffer when their loved one's life is drastically altered or cut short due to someone else's negligence. This includes the loss of companionship, affection, guidance, and support essential to a thriving family relationship. Understanding and pursuing a loss of consortium claim can help families receive the compensation they need to cope with these profound changes. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett explain loss of consortium in Texas, including who can seek loss of consortium, examples of loss of consortium, and how to prove loss of consortium in a personal injury case in the Lone Star State. Loss of Consortium in Texas Personal Injury Cases In Texas personal injury cases, "loss of consortium" refers to the significant impact a catastrophic injury or wrongful death has on the family members of the victim, particularly the spouse. This type of claim addresses the non-economic damages experienced due to the loss of companionship, emotional support, and intimacy that the injured person provided before the accident. It recognizes that when someone is severely injured or killed due to another's negligence, their family members suffer not just financially, but emotionally and relationally as well. A loss of consortium claim in Texas may include: Loss of Companionship: The emotional and social support that the injured person provided. Loss of Affection: The physical affection and love integral to family relationships. Loss of Sexual Relations: The physical intimacy that can no longer be enjoyed due to the injury. Loss of Household Services: The contributions the injured person made to household tasks and daily life. Loss of Parental Guidance: For children, the absence of the injured parent's care, guidance, and nurturing. To pursue a loss of consortium claim, the claimant must demonstrate how the injury has negatively affected their relationship with the victim. This often requires detailed testimony and evidence of the pre-accident relationship dynamics compared to the post-accident situation. Compensation for loss of consortium aims to acknowledge and address the profound personal losses experienced by family members in the wake of a serious injury or death. Who Can Seek Loss of Consortium in Texas? In Texas, the primary individuals who can claim loss of consortium in a personal injury case are: Spouses Spouses can claim loss of consortium for both non-fatal injuries and wrongful death of their partner. This covers loss of affection, companionship, emotional support, and sexual relations. Children Children can claim loss of consortium only for "serious, permanent and disabling" injuries or death of a parent. This covers loss of a parent's love, affection, protection, emotional support, care, and companionship. Parents Parents can claim loss of consortium only for... > The number of fatal car accidents in Texas is alarming. Here's what you should do if you have lost someone in a fatal car accident. - Published: 2024-07-28 - Modified: 2024-07-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fatal-car-accidents-in-texas/ In Texas, the sobering reality of traffic safety is that a fatal car accident occurs approximately every 2 hours and 15 minutes. We have previously discussed the number of car accidents in Texas in general. In this article, we explore the frequency of fatal car accidents in Texas The Grim Frequency of Texas Traffic Fatalities In 2022, Texas reported 3,520 fatal crashes, resulting in 3,874 fatalities. To break this down: On average, over 10 people died each day in car accidents in Texas. There was nearly one death every 2 hours and 15 minutes. A reportable crash occurred every 57 seconds. These numbers paint a stark picture of the risks on Texas roads. To put it in perspective, in the time it takes to watch a typical movie, another life is likely to be lost in a Texas traffic accident. Five-Year View of Car Accident Fatalities To understand if this frequency is improving or worsening, let's look at the data from 2018 to 2022: 2018: 3,305 fatal crashes (1 every 2 hours 39 minutes) 2019: 3,340 fatal crashes (1 every 2 hours 37 minutes) 2020: 3,520 fatal crashes (1 every 2 hours 29 minutes) 2021: 4,031 fatal crashes (1 every 2 hours 10 minutes) 2022: 3,520 fatal crashes (1 every 2 hours 29 minutes) This data reveals a concerning trend. Despite fluctuations, the frequency of fatal accidents has generally increased over the past five years, with a peak in 2021 during the pandemic. Texas vs. National Statistics To contextualize Texas's situation, let's compare it to national figures: In 2022, Texas accounted for about 9. 1% of all traffic fatalities in the United States, despite making up only 8. 8% of the U. S. population. The fatality rate on Texas roadways was 1. 44 deaths per hundred million vehicle miles traveled in 2022, higher than the national average of 1. 35. While nationally about 0. 63% of reported crashes were fatal in 2022, in Texas, this figure was slightly higher at 0. 64%. These comparisons underscore that Texas faces a disproportionate challenge with traffic fatalities compared to the nation as a whole. Where are fatal accidents taking place in Texas? Most fatal accidents take place on state and national highways in Texas. This is followed by interestate highways and farm-to-market roads. In contrast, City Streets and County roads exhibit moderate fatality rates, indicating a lower but still significant number of accidents. Tollways consistently report the lowest fatalities, suggesting these routes are relatively safer, despite higher speeds. US Highways are part of a network of national highways using the "U. S. " route designator. They generally connect major cities and can run in a state or through multiple states. These highways go directly through towns. You'll typically see a national highway marker with a white shield on a black sign. An interstate highway often has more lanes, higher speeds, and fewer exits, and those exits are to off-ramps rather than intersecting roadways. Interstate highway signs are typically a blue shield with a... > Penal Code 43.24 criminalizes the sale, distribution, or display of harmful material to a minor. Learn more about this charge in Texas. - Published: 2024-07-26 - Modified: 2024-07-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/display-of-harmful-material/ Penal Code 43. 24 criminalizes the sale, distribution, or display of harmful material to a minor in Texas. It is not an offense you hear about a lot, but a recent news story has raised interest in this statute and how it can be used. This week, NBC News revealed a two-year investigation into school librarians in Granbury, Texas, over allegations of providing allegedly harmful material to minors through library books. This article serves as an analysis—not of what books should be available in libraries—of only whether the criminal charge of "Sale, Distribution, or Display of Harmful Material to Minor" fits the alleged facts and, if it does, who could be held criminally responsible. https://youtu. be/mwglbmM2lbw Here's what we know: Chief Deputy Constable Scott London conducted a months-long investigation resulting in an 824-page investigative report targeting three school librarians in Granbury, Texas. The offense Deputy London wrote charging instruments for was Distributing Harmful Material to a Minor. The charges were turned down by the local district attorney. The charging instrument drafted by Deputy London alleged violations under Texas Penal Code 43. 24. Penal Code 43. 24 Explained Penal Code defines "harmful material" as content appealing to minors' prurient interests, offensive to community standards, and lacking social value for minors. It criminalizes knowingly selling or displaying such material to minors. It makes the offense a Class A misdemeanor under most circumstances, but the charge is increased to a State Jail Felony if a minor is used to commit the offense. Common Applications of Penal Code 43. 24 The statute is commonly used to prosecute: Adults who sell pornographic magazines to teenagers. Store owners who display explicit content where minors can easily see it. Adults who send sexually explicit images to a minor. Could Books Qualify as Harmful Materials? Penal Code 43. 24 addresses material without distinction between visual or any other type of material. So the analysis focuses on whether the book is "harmful. " How does Penal Code 43. 24 define harmful material? “Harmful material” means material whose dominant theme taken as a whole: (A) appeals to the prurient interest of a minor, in sex, nudity, or excretion; (B) is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable for minors; and (C) is utterly without redeeming social value for minors. This definition is in the conjunctive, meaning for it to be illegal, the material must meet all three prongs of the definition. 3-Part Test Under Penal Code 43. 24 Is the dominant theme one that appeals to prurient interests? For a book to qualify under this definition, it must have a dominant theme that appeals to the prurient interest of a minor, in sex, nudity, or excretion. It would not be sufficient under this standard if such topics were included as a minor theme. Is the material patently offensive to the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable for minors? Second, the book must be patently... > Wondering how to get a drug possession charge dropped or if it is possible at all? - Published: 2024-07-23 - Modified: 2025-07-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-possession-charge-dropped/ How to Get a Drug Possession Charge Dropped in Texas A common question that comes up for criminal lawyers is whether we can get a drug possession charge dropped. While it is certainly true that prosecutors don't like dismissing possession of controlled substance charges, the reality is there are many ways a drug case could be dropped. Some of these require the prosecutor's acquiescence, while others are based on a failure of law enforcement. Why You Should Listen to Us Our attorneys have secured dismissals on numerous occasions in every manner described below. While we can't guarantee every case has the type of weakness or set of circumstances that allow for a dismissal, we can assure you that we are exceptional at finding and leveraging every possible way to get a case dismissed. Further, our attorneys who are Board Certified in Criminal Law are experts in criminal law - a statement that less than 1% of attorneys in Texas can make. Understanding Drug Possession in Texas https://youtu. be/1YlNY4PuOsA Before delving into dismissal strategies, it's crucial to understand what constitutes drug possession in Texas. Drug possession in Texas refers to having care of, control over, or ownership of a controlled substance without a valid prescription. This can include illegal drugs like cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine, as well as prescription medications that are not legally prescribed to you. Texas classifies controlled substances into penalty groups, with varying punishments based on the type and amount of drug possessed. Penalties can range from misdemeanors for small amounts of less dangerous drugs to felonies for larger quantities or more serious substances. How to Get a Drug Charged Dropped in Texas Without further ado, let's jump right into it. Here are the ways a drug charge might be dismissed in Texas: Illegal Stop Law enforcement must have a valid reason, known as reasonable suspicion, to initiate a traffic stop or detain an individual. If the initial stop was unlawful, any evidence obtained as a result may be suppressed. For example, if an officer pulls you over without observing any traffic violation or suspicious behavior, the stop could be deemed illegal. In such cases, your attorney may file a motion to suppress any evidence obtained during the unlawful stop, potentially leading to the dismissal of charges. Illegal Search The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. For a search to be legal, police must either have probable cause, a valid search warrant, or your consent. If the search that led to the discovery of drugs was conducted illegally, the evidence may be inadmissible in court. Common scenarios of illegal searches include: Searching your vehicle without probable cause or consent Searching your home without a warrant or exigent circumstances Exceeding the scope of a consensual search If your attorney can prove the search was illegal, they may file a motion to suppress the evidence, which could result in the charges being dropped. Lack of Probable Cause in Search Warrant Even if the police obtained a search... > Chris Brown and his entourage face assault accusations and a $50 million lawsuit. Our legal team exams the civil and potential criminal challenges ahead. - Published: 2024-07-23 - Modified: 2024-07-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/chris-brown-crew-accused-of-assault/ R&B singer Chris Brown is embroiled in yet another legal controversy, this time facing a $50 million lawsuit for alleged assaults that occurred backstage at his recent concert in Fort Worth. It's possible he and members of his entourage could also face criminal charges stemming from accusations they beat up four men backstage at Dickies Arena. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys and personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett weigh in on the civil and criminal consequences Brown and his entourage could be forced to defend. Background of the Chris Brown Lawsuit On July 19, 2024, four men from Denton County - Larry Parker, Joseph Lewis, Charles Bush, and Da Marcus Powell - claim they were invited backstage along with about 40 other people after Chris Brown's concert at Dickies Arena as part of his "11:11" tour. While backstage, the men claimed they were "brutally and severely beaten" by Brown and his entourage. They filed a lawsuit on July 22, 2024, in Harris County. According to the civil lawsuit: The plaintiffs were among a group of about 40 people invited to Brown's VIP area after the show. When Charles Bush approached Brown to congratulate him on the performance, a member of Brown's entourage reminded the singer of a previous conflict with Bush. Brown allegedly responded aggressively, leading to a violent altercation. The plaintiffs claim Brown "participated in and directed" the assault, which reportedly involved punching, kicking, and throwing chairs. The lawsuit also names Live Nation, the tour promoter, as a defendant, accusing the company of continuing to work with Brown despite his history of violent behavior and failing to ensure the safety of concert attendees. The lawsuit alleges that the assault was unprovoked and resulted in severe injuries to all four plaintiffs, with at least one requiring hospitalization. The men are seeking $50 million in compensatory and punitive damages, as well as a temporary restraining order against Brown and the other defendants. The lawsuit describes the plaintiffs as "merely the latest victims in a long line of individuals who have suffered at Brown's hands. " Civil Liability in the Chris Brown Case Based on the lawsuit filed against Chris Brown and others in Texas, there are several potential areas of civil liability: Assault and Battery: The primary claim in this case is for assault and battery. Under Texas law, Brown and his entourage could be held liable for intentionally causing harmful or offensive physical contact with the plaintiffs. Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress: Given the nature of the alleged attack, the plaintiffs may have grounds for claiming emotional distress resulting from the incident. Negligence: Live Nation, as the concert promoter, could potentially face liability for negligence if it's found they failed to provide adequate security or take reasonable precautions to prevent such incidents Premises Liability: Depending on the specific location of the alleged assault, the venue owners (Dickies Arena) might face liability for failing to maintain a safe environment for guests Vicarious Liability: Brown could be held responsible for... > Trying to get out of jury duty in Texas? Here's legitimate exemptions and valid excuses that are likely to keep you off the panel. - Published: 2024-07-22 - Modified: 2024-07-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-get-out-of-jury-duty-in-texas/ Jury duty is a civic responsibility to ensure that the judicial system operates fairly and justly by allowing citizens to participate in the legal process, evaluate evidence, and make impartial decisions on the guilt or innocence of individuals on trial (if it's a criminal trial) or on the outcome of a dispute (if it's a civil trial). However, for many, the prospect of serving on a jury can be daunting or disruptive to daily life, and they will try to find ways to get out of it. In Texas, there are a few legitimate reasons that can excuse you from jury duty—and there are also some things you can say or do that will likely get you dismissed from the jury pool. In this article, we will discuss the various ways to get out of jury duty in Texas because the reality is that if you really don't want to be on the jury, then you aren't going to make a good juror anyway. Before we dive in, please take a moment to watch this video by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese. https://youtu. be/4RJHPAejBEc Understanding Jury Duty in Texas Before we discuss how to get out of jury duty in Texas, let's first understand what it entails. Jury duty in Texas is a civic responsibility where citizens are called upon to serve as jurors in trials. Here are the key aspects of jury duty in Texas: Selection process: Potential jurors are randomly selected from voter registration lists and driver's license records. Eligibility: To serve as a juror in Texas, you must be at least 18 years old, a U. S. citizen, a resident of the county where you're summoned, qualified to vote in that county, and not a convicted felon. Duration: Jury duty typically lasts about one week, although most jurors complete their service in a day or a fraction of a day. Civic importance: Jury service is considered both a duty and a privilege, as it helps protect the constitutional right to an impartial jury and keeps the administration of justice aligned with community standards. Exemptions: While not required, individuals may choose to be excused from jury duty if they are over 75 years old, have legal custody of a child under 12 without adequate supervision, or are full-time students. Hardship excuses: The judge may hear and consider reasonable excuses for personal hardships, though economic reasons generally require approval from all parties involved. Payment: Jurors are typically paid for their service. For example, in some counties, jurors receive $7. 50 for the first day and $40 for each additional day of service. In Tarrant County, jurors are reimbursed $20 for the first day of jury service and $58 per day thereafter. Reporting: When summoned, jurors must report to the designated courthouse or jury assembly room as instructed in their summons. Legal obligation: Failure to comply with a jury summons can result in fines ranging from $100 to $1000. Attire: Casual clothing or work uniforms are generally acceptable... > Child Custody for Fathers is an often misunderstood area of law. We address common misconceptions around child custody for dads in this article. - Published: 2024-07-18 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/child-custody-for-fathers/ Navigating child custody can be particularly challenging for fathers. Despite evolving societal norms, many fathers feel disadvantaged in custody disputes. There's a common misconception that Texas law favors mothers. This misconception about child custody for fathers is so prevalent that we have pointed directly to the statutory authority in each section of this article to help you address it. This guide aims to provide valuable insights and practical advice for fathers seeking custody in Texas, emphasizing the importance of paternal involvement in children's lives. https://youtu. be/gKMvPU0eCgc Understanding Child Custody in Texas Types of Custody: Legal and Physical In Texas, custody is referred to as "conservatorship" and is categorized into legal and physical custody: Legal custody (conservatorship): The right to make important decisions about the child's upbringing, including education, healthcare, and religious instruction. Physical custody (possession): Determines where the child will live and the visitation schedule. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code, Title 5, Subtitle B, Chapter 153, Subchapter C Joint Managing Conservatorship vs. Sole Managing Conservatorship Texas law favors Joint Managing Conservatorship (JMC), where both parents share decision-making responsibilities. Sole Managing Conservatorship (SMC) is granted when one parent is given exclusive rights to make significant decisions for the child, often due to the other parent's inability to provide a stable environment. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 131 Common Misconceptions About Father's Rights in Child Custody Debunking the "Mother Bias" Myth A prevalent myth is that courts favor mothers in custody cases. However, Texas law mandates equal consideration for both parents, focusing on the child's best interest rather than gender. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 003 Equal Rights for Both Parents Under Texas Law Texas law ensures that both parents have equal rights and opportunities in custody disputes. Fathers are entitled to pursue custody and visitation rights on an equal footing with mothers. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 003 Factors Affecting Child Custody Decisions in Texas Best Interest of the Child Standard The primary consideration in custody decisions is the best interest of the child. Courts evaluate various factors to ensure the child's well-being, as outlined in the landmark case Holley v. Adams. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 002 Parental Fitness and Ability to Provide Courts assess each parent's fitness and ability to provide for the child's needs, evaluating factors such as: Mental and physical health Financial stability Overall ability to create a nurturing environment Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 134 Child's Preference (If Applicable) In Texas, a child 12 years or older may express their preference regarding which parent they wish to live with. However, this is not the sole determining factor in custody decisions. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 009 History of Domestic Violence or Substance Abuse Any history of domestic violence or substance abuse can significantly impact custody decisions. Texas law mandates that courts consider evidence of domestic violence or abuse when determining conservatorship and possession. Statutory basis: Texas Family Code Section 153. 004 Getting Sole Managing... > Getting a driver's license is a big deal for teens, but it also brings great responsibility. Learn about Texas teen driving laws and what to do if you get into an accident. - Published: 2024-07-18 - Modified: 2024-07-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-teen-driving-laws/ For many teenagers in Texas, getting a driver's license is a significant milestone, symbolizing freedom and independence. It’s a rite of passage that offers the ability to explore, travel, and gain a sense of autonomy. However, with this newfound freedom comes the critical responsibility of ensuring safety on the road. Understanding Texas teen driving laws is essential for young drivers and their parents. In this article, our personal injury lawyers explain Texas teen driving laws, what happens if a teen violates them, what teens should do if they get into an accident, and who could be held liable. But first, please take a moment to watch this informative video by Ty Stimpson, a highly experienced Texas personal injury lawyer. https://youtu. be/VRQ_fHccZrg Legal Age for Teens to Start Driving in Texas In Texas, teenagers can begin their journey to becoming licensed drivers at 15, following the guidelines set by Texas teen driving laws. At this age, they can apply for a learner's permit, also known as a learner license. This permit allows them to practice driving under the supervision of an adult, preparing them for the responsibilities of solo driving. Texas Graduated Driving Licensing Program Texas has implemented a Graduated Driving Licensing (GDL) Program to ensure new drivers gain experience and maturity before obtaining full driving privileges. The GDL program is divided into three stages: Phase I: Learner License Age Requirement: 15 years old Conditions: Teens must complete a driver education course and pass a written test to obtain a learner's permit. They are required to log a minimum of 30 hours of driving practice, with at least 10 hours at night, under the supervision of a licensed adult who is at least 21 years old. Phase II: Provisional License Age Requirement: 16 years old Conditions: After holding a learner's permit for at least six months, completing the required driver education course and practice hours, and finishing the Impact Texas Teen Driver program, teens can apply for a provisional license. This stage includes certain restrictions: No driving between midnight and 5 a. m. unless for work, school, or emergency. No more than one passenger under 21 years old who is not a family member. Use of any wireless communication device while driving is strictly forbidden, including hands-free. Full Privilege Stage Age Requirement: 18 years old Conditions: Teens can apply for a full, unrestricted driver's license upon reaching the age of 18 and having held a provisional license without any serious traffic violations. What Happens if You Violate a Texas Teen Driving Law? If a teen driver violates Texas teen driving laws or rules, they can face several consequences including fines, license suspension, and increased insurance premiums. Understanding and adhering to Texas teen driving laws can help avoid these penalties. Fines: Violations of provisional license restrictions can result in fines ranging from $25 to $99 for a first offense and $100 to $200 for subsequent offenses. License suspension or revocation: Convictions for traffic offenses or failure to observe the restrictions placed on... > Courts heavily favor Standard Possession Orders and Extended Possession Orders. Find out what alternative custody schedules look like in Texas. - Published: 2024-07-17 - Modified: 2024-07-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/alternative-custody-schedules/ Custody schedules in Texas, like in many states, are crafted with the child’s best interest at the forefront. Understanding the norms, exceptions, and various types of custody arrangements is crucial for parents navigating these often complex decisions. This blog post delves into alternative custody schedules and provides insights into selecting the best parenting plan for your family. Standard and Expanded Possession Orders in Texas Standard Possession Order (SPO) The Texas Family Code outlines a Standard Possession Order (SPO) as the default schedule presumed to be in the best interest of the child when parents live within 100 miles of each other. This schedule provides a structured approach to dividing parenting time: During the school year, the non-custodial parent has possession on the first, third, and fifth weekends of each month. Additionally, they have Thursday evenings from 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM and alternating holidays such as Christmas and Thanksgiving. During the summer, the non-custodial parent has possession for 30 days, which can be divided or taken consecutively. Expanded Standard Possession Order (ESPO) An Expanded Standard Possession Order (ESPO) offers additional time to the non-custodial parent, allowing for a more balanced sharing of parenting responsibilities: During the school year, the same weekends as the SPO are included but from Thursday after school until Monday morning. Every Thursday overnight is also included. During the summer, 42 days of possession for the non-custodial parent, which can be taken in two or more periods. Why Courts Prefer SPO and ESPO Texas courts often prefer the SPO and ESPO because they provide a clear, predictable schedule that supports the child's need for stability and continuity. These orders are designed to ensure that the child maintains a strong relationship with both parents, even when parents cannot agree on a customized plan. Alternative Custody Schedules In certain situations, a standard or expanded possession order may not fit the family's unique needs. Here are some nonstandard custody schedules that courts may approve, along with their pros and cons and suitable situations: 50/50 Custody Plans Two-Two-Three Schedule In the two-two-three schedule, during the first week, the child spends Monday and Tuesday with Parent A, Wednesday and Thursday with Parent B, and Friday to Sunday with Parent A. In the second week, the child spends Monday and Tuesday with Parent B, Wednesday and Thursday with Parent A, and Friday to Sunday with Parent B. This schedule offers frequent contact with both parents and a predictable routine. However, it requires frequent exchanges, which may be disruptive and necessitates a high level of cooperation between parents. The two-two-three schedule is best suited for younger children who benefit from regular contact with both parents. It is also ideal for parents who live close to each other and can manage frequent exchanges. Day Week 1 Week 2 Monday Parent A Parent B Tuesday Parent A Parent B Wednesday Parent B Parent A Thursday Parent B Parent A Friday Parent A Parent B Saturday Parent A Parent B Sunday Parent A Parent B Alternating Weeks... > Mediated Settlement Agreements (MSA) resolves family law disputes with clear terms, addressing property, custody, support, and maintenance. - Published: 2024-07-16 - Modified: 2024-07-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mediated-settlement-agreements/ Introduction to Mediated Settlement Agreements In the realm of Texas family law, a Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA) is a powerful tool for resolving disputes outside of the courtroom. An MSA is a legally binding contract reached by parties in a family law case with the assistance of a neutral third-party mediator. This agreement outlines the terms and conditions that both parties have agreed upon to settle their disputes, whether they involve divorce, child custody, property division, or other family-related issues. Definition A Mediated Settlement Agreement is defined as a written agreement reached through mediation that resolves some or all issues in a family law case. It is signed by each party to the agreement and their attorneys (if represented) and meets specific requirements set forth in the Texas Family Code. Importance in Texas Family Law MSAs have become increasingly important in Texas family law for several reasons: Efficiency: They often result in faster resolution of disputes compared to litigation. Cost-effectiveness: MSAs typically cost less than protracted court battles. Control: Parties have more control over the outcome than in a court-imposed judgment. Reduced conflict: The collaborative nature of mediation can help preserve relationships, which is particularly important in cases involving children. Enforceability: When properly executed, MSAs are difficult to overturn, providing certainty and finality. Legal Framework The legal framework for MSAs in Texas is primarily governed by the Texas Family Code. The relevant provisions are found in Sections 6. 602 (for divorce cases) and 153. 0071 (for suits affecting the parent-child relationship). Texas Family Code Provisions Section 6. 602 of the Texas Family Code outlines the requirements for MSAs in divorce cases: The agreement must be in writing. It must be signed by each party to the agreement. If the parties are represented by attorneys, the attorneys must sign the agreement as well. The agreement must state, in prominently displayed text, that it is not subject to revocation. It must be signed by the parties and their attorneys (if any) on the day the mediation concludes. Section 153. 0071 provides similar requirements for MSAs in suits affecting the parent-child relationship, with an additional provision that the agreement is binding on the court unless it finds that the agreement is not in the child's best interest. Benefits of Mediated Settlement Agreements Cost-effective MSAs can significantly reduce the financial burden of family law disputes. By avoiding lengthy court proceedings, parties can save on attorney fees, court costs, and other litigation-related expenses. Mediation typically takes less time than litigation, which translates to fewer billable hours for attorneys. Time-saving The mediation process is often much quicker than litigation. While a contested divorce or custody case can take months or even years to resolve in court, mediation can sometimes reach a resolution in a single day or over a few sessions. Confidentiality Unlike court proceedings, which are generally public, mediation is a confidential process. This confidentiality allows parties to discuss sensitive issues openly without fear of public disclosure, leading to more honest and productive negotiations. Control... > The Momoa-Bonet divorce was just finalized. What lessons can you draw from this high-profile divorce if you're going through one yourself? - Published: 2024-07-16 - Modified: 2024-07-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/momoa-bonet-divorce/ Lessons from the Momoa-Bonet Divorce - for Texans Jason Momoa and Lisa Bonet’s divorce became final last week. People often wonder how a non-celebrity divorce compares to a celebrity divorce. There are also good lessons for anyone going through a high-profile divorce. In this article, we will take a look at the Momoa-Bonet for lessons about the divorce process itself. As Texas divorce lawyers, we’ll be discussing how the process would work in Texas. Momoa-Bonet Origin Story Jason Momoa and Lisa Bonet are both well-known actors in Hollywood, with Momoa gaining widespread fame for his roles in "Game of Thrones" and as Aquaman in DC films, while Bonet is best known for her role as Denise Huxtable on "The Cosby Show" and its spinoff "A Different World. " The couple reportedly met through mutual friends in 2005 at a jazz club in Los Angeles, where they instantly connected and began their relationship. Timeline of the Momoa-Bonet Divorce The two reportedly separated on October 7, 2020, their third wedding anniversary, which they announced in January of 2022. January 8, 2024 - Lisa Bonet officially files for divorce. January 9, 2024 - The terms of the divorce settlement were reached. July 9, 2024 - The divorce became final after California's mandatory six-month waiting period. Texas Perspective In Texas, our minimum waiting period for a divorce is 60 days from the date of filing, significantly shorter than California's six-month rule. However, most Texas divorces take between 6 to 12 months to finalize, depending on the case's complexity and the level of agreement between parties. It’s worth pointing out that even though the terms of the Momoa-Bonet divorce were agreed upon the day after filing, the mandatory waiting period still had to be followed. The same is true in Texas. Even if you have an uncontested divorce, you have to wait the mandatory 60 days before the court can finalize your divorce. Settlement Details The divorce settlement included several key components: Child Custody: Joint legal custody of their two children, ages 16 and 15 Child Support: No formal child support arrangement; agreement to share living expenses Spousal Support: Both parties waived rights to spousal support Asset Division: Agreed upon division of assets without dispute Travel Expenses: The parent traveling with the children is responsible for expenses during trips Texas Perspective In Texas, we use the term "conservatorship" instead of custody. Joint managing conservatorship (similar to joint legal custody) is presumed to be in the child's best interest unless proven otherwise. While Momoa and Bonet agreed to share expenses without formal child support, in Texas, child support is typically required and calculated based on the non-custodial parent's income. However, the court may approve a different arrangement if both parties agree and it's in the children's best interest. Spousal support (called "spousal maintenance" in Texas) is less common and has specific eligibility requirements. It's typically limited in duration and amount. Asset division in Texas follows community property laws, meaning assets acquired during marriage are typically split... > J. Turner Thorntonhas been selected by Texas A&M Law as a 2024 Alumni Legacy Award recipient — a prestigious honor that recognizes outstanding law school alumni. - Published: 2024-07-16 - Modified: 2024-10-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/j-turner-thornton-receives-texas-am-law-alumni-legacy-award/ J. Turner Thornton, a partner at Varghese Summersett, has been selected by Texas A&M Law as a 2024 Alumni Legacy Award recipient — a prestigious honor that recognizes seven outstanding law school alumni each year. Thornton, who oversees Varghese Summersett's Family Law Division, received the Private Practice Achievement Award. Each year, the Alumni Legacy Awards recognize exceptional law school alumni for their individual achievements, contributions to their professions, service to their communities, and loyalty to Texas A&M University School of Law. "This is an incredible honor," said Thornton, who received his Juris Doctor in 2012. "I am deeply grateful to the Alumni Board of Directors of Texas A&M Law for this recognition. It's a privilege to be selected alongside such distinguished alumni, and I am proud to contribute to our profession and community. " Thornton and six other alumni award recipients were honored on October 12 during the law school's 4th Annual Alumni Legacy Awards reception at the Sheraton Fort Worth Downtown Hotel. "It is one of our greatest honors to recognize our alumni for their incredible accomplishments, both in the practice of law and in our communities at large," said Derek McKee, president of the Texas A&M Law Alumni Board of Directors. Thornton is a partner at Varghese Summersett, one of the largest and fastest-growing family law, personal injury, and criminal defense practices in North Texas. He oversees the firm’s Family Law Division, managing a 17-member team of attorneys and paralegals working in the firm’s three office locations. Under his leadership, the Family Law Division has experienced remarkable growth—both fiscally and physically—including acquiring a renowned family law firm in Keller last year and opening a new office in Southlake earlier this year. In addition to his successful legal career, Thornton is deeply devoted to his community. He serves on the Board of the Tarrant County Family Law Bar Association and is involved in numerous charitable activities and community programs. Perhaps most importantly, he has made a significant impact on hundreds of clients, helping them through some of life's greatest challenges. "Turner embodies the values of integrity, excellence, leadership, and selfless service," said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. "His achievements and contributions serve as an inspiration to current and future law students, showcasing the incredible potential that can be achieved through hard work and dedication. " Anna Summersett, a partner at Varghese Summersett and also a Texas A&M Law alumnus, agreed. "Turner is not only an exceptional lawyer, but just a remarkable person," she said. "He is truly deserving of this recognition and we are proud to have him on the Varghese Summersett team. " Fourth Annual Alumni Legacy Awards Recipients Judge Joe Spurlock II '60 Alumnus of the Year Award Hon. Justin Lewis '12 County Judge, Hill County Rising Star Award Hon. Nicole Munoz Huschka '15 Associate Judge, Texas Civil District Courts in Dallas Private Practice Achievement Award J. Turner Thornton '12 Partner, Varghese Summersett PLLC Public/Non-Profit Sector Achievement Award Kayla Dailey '16 Executive Director, Tarrant County... > Why was Alec Baldwin's criminal case dismissed? A look at Brady and why dismissal was the only proper outcome after the prosecutors' failure to disclose evidence. - Published: 2024-07-15 - Modified: 2024-08-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/baldwins-criminal-case-dismissed/ Baldwin and Brady: How Prosecutors’ Failure to Disclose Evidence Resulted in Dismissal The justice system in the United States relies on the fundamental principle that the defense must be allowed to see all evidence that could impact the outcome of a trial. This duty of disclosure is crucial to ensuring a fair trial and is rooted in the landmark Supreme Court cases of Brady v. Maryland (1963), United States v. Bagley (1985), and Kyles v. Whitley (1995). Brady v. Maryland The Brady decision established that the prosecution must disclose any exculpatory evidence to the defense. Exculpatory evidence is any information that could potentially exonerate the defendant or reduce their culpability. The failure to disclose such evidence, known as a Brady violation, undermines the fairness of the trial and can result in the reversal of a conviction or the dismissal of charges. United States v. Bagley In United States v. Bagley, the Supreme Court refined the Brady standard, holding that undisclosed evidence is material if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different. This case emphasizes the importance of the materiality of the evidence in determining whether its suppression constitutes a violation. Kyles v. Whitley Kyles v. Whitley further clarified the Brady doctrine by ruling that prosecutors have a duty to learn of any favorable evidence known to others acting on the government's behalf, including the police. This case underscores the comprehensive responsibility of prosecutors to ensure all relevant evidence is disclosed. The Importance of Full Disclosure For the defense to mount an effective defense, it is imperative that they have access to all relevant evidence, both inculpatory and exculpatory. This transparency allows the defense to challenge the prosecution's case, present alternative theories, and ensure that the defendant's rights are protected. Without full disclosure, the scales of justice are tipped unfairly in favor of the prosecution, leading to potential miscarriages of justice. The problem with prosecutors trying to filter information to the defense is they cannot predict how the defense will use a piece of evidence or what other evidence the defense may know that the prosecutor does not know, which makes a seemingly insignificant fact one of great importance. The burden of proof in any criminal case rests solely with the prosecution. Good prosecutors know that disclosing everything they have eliminates the risk of a case being overturned or (as in Baldwin’s case) dismissed based on a failure to turn over evidence. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, even this year in State v. Heath, has discussed the need to turn over all the evidence in the State’s possession as soon as it is reasonably possible, irrespective of the prosecutor’s awareness of the evidence. Alec Baldwin's Criminal Case Dismissed Alec Baldwin was facing up to 18 months in prison for involuntary manslaughter charges following the fatal shooting of cinematographer Halyna Hutchins on the set of the movie "Rust. " The case was dismissed mid-trial due... > If you've been in an accident, you may be wondering what typical car accident settlements in Texas look like. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-07-15 - Modified: 2024-07-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/typical-car-accident-settlements/ How Much Can You Get in a Typical Car Accident Settlement in Texas Car accidents can be life-altering events, often resulting in physical injuries, emotional trauma, and significant financial burdens. In the aftermath of a collision, many victims find themselves navigating the complex world of insurance claims and legal proceedings to seek compensation for their losses. For Texas residents, it is important to understand what a fair settlement looks like. It'd be a stretch to say there's a typical amount or even range, but the information in this post is designed to help you assess whether an offer might be fair in light of other settlements in Texas. Factors Affecting Typical Car Accident Settlements There are numerous factors that affect typical car accident settlements in Texas: Severity of Injuries: The extent and nature of injuries sustained in the accident play a significant role in determining the settlement amount. More severe injuries that result in long-term disabilities or require extensive medical treatment typically lead to higher settlements. Medical Expenses: Both current and future medical costs related to the accident are considered. This includes hospital bills, rehabilitation costs, medication, and any anticipated future medical needs. Lost Wages and Earning Capacity: If the accident causes you to miss work or affects your ability to earn income in the future, these losses are factored into the settlement. Property Damage: The cost of repairing or replacing your vehicle and any other damaged property is included in the settlement calculation. Pain and Suffering: Non-economic damages such as physical pain, emotional distress, and loss of enjoyment of life are considered, though they can be more challenging to quantify. Fault Determination: Texas follows a modified comparative fault rule, meaning your settlement may be reduced if you're found partially at fault for the accident. Insurance Coverage: The at-fault party's insurance policy limits can cap the maximum settlement amount, unless you pursue additional compensation through other means. Strength of Evidence: The quality and quantity of evidence supporting your claim, including police reports, witness statements, and expert testimonies, can influence the settlement amount. Negotiation Skills: The ability of your attorney to effectively negotiate with the insurance company can impact the final settlement figure. Rising Values and Decreasing Frequencies Car accidents have long been a significant concern for drivers and insurers alike, impacting both safety and financial well-being. A recent analysis of data from the Insurance Information Institute (III) reveals notable trends in car accident settlements, focusing on the changing dynamics of claim frequency and severity over the past decade. Declining Claim Frequencies From 2013 to 2022, the frequency of claims for both bodily injury and property damage liability has seen a gradual decline. Bodily injury claims per 100 car years have decreased from 0. 95 in 2013 to 0. 74 in 2022. Similarly, property damage claims dropped from 3. 55 to 2. 37 over the same period. Year Bodily Injury Claim Frequency (per 100 car years) Property Damage Claim Frequency (per 100 car years) 2013 0. 95 3. 55 2014 0.... > Tax Planning for Business Owner Divorce is critical to protect what you have worked so hard to build. - Published: 2024-07-15 - Modified: 2024-07-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tax-planning-for-business-owner-divorce/ Tax Planning for Entrepreneurs During Divorce If you are a business owner going through a divorce, it is prudent to have a tax adviser talk to you about the implications of the divorce on your business through the divorce. The purpose of this article is not to provide you with specific tax advice. We are divorce lawyers, not tax lawyers. However, we work regularly with tax professionals and attorneys to ensure our clients are best prepared for the road ahead. This article aims to highlight the need for a team of professionals to be on your team, if the circumstances call for them. You've worked too hard to get where you are in life not to plan and prepare for the next steps. Strategize Tax Filing for the Year of Divorce Your filing status is determined by your marital status on the last day of the tax year (IRC § 7703(a)). In community property states like Texas, you have two main options for the year of divorce: Partition income for the entire year: File as if unmarried, claiming only your income, deductions, and withholdings. This is often the simplest approach. Split community income: For the months you were married, claim half of your spouse's income, deductions, and withholdings, and vice versa. This method may be financially advantageous but requires more coordination. Consider the impact on various credits and deductions, such as: The Earned Income Tax Credit (IRC § 32) The Child Tax Credit (IRC § 24) Education credits (IRC § 25A) Itemized deductions (IRC § 63(d)) Ensure your divorce decree explicitly states how you'll file taxes for the year of divorce to avoid future disputes. This agreement can be binding on the IRS if it meets the requirements of IRC § 6015(c)(3)(C). Maximize Child-Related Tax Benefits Understanding the IRS guidelines on claiming head of household status (IRC § 2(b)), child tax credit (IRC § 24), and the earned income credit (IRC § 32) is crucial. These can be valuable bargaining chips in divorce negotiations. Head of Household status: Generally more favorable tax rates and a higher standard deduction (IRC § 63(c)(2)(B)) Child Tax Credit: Worth up to $2,000 per qualifying child under 17 (IRC § 24(h)(2)) Additional Child Tax Credit: Refundable portion up to $1,400 per qualifying child (IRC § 24(h)(5)) Child and Dependent Care Credit: Up to $3,000 for one child or $6,000 for two or more children (IRC § 21) Only one parent can claim these benefits for each child in a given tax year. The IRS provides tiebreaker rules in Publication 501 for cases where both parents attempt to claim the same child. Navigate Alimony and Spousal Maintenance The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 dramatically changed the tax treatment of alimony. For divorces finalized after December 31, 2018: Alimony is no longer tax-deductible for the payer (IRC § 215 repealed) Alimony is not taxable income for the recipient (IRC § 71 repealed) This change can significantly impact negotiations and after-tax cash flow. Consider structuring payments... > Trump Classified Documents Case Dismissed - Understand why and where the case goes from here. - Published: 2024-07-15 - Modified: 2024-07-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-classified-documents-case-dismissed/ We have covered the Trump classified documents case since the indictment. To recap the background, in June 2023, a federal grand jury in the Southern District of Florida returned an indictment against former President Donald Trump, charging him with 31 counts of willful retention of national defense information under 18 U. S. C. § 793(e), along with several conspiracy and concealment charges. This case stemmed from an investigation into classified documents found at Trump's Mar-a-Lago residence after he left office. The investigation and subsequent prosecution were led by Special Counsel Jack Smith, who Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed in November 2022. Smith's appointment came in response to the politically sensitive nature of investigating a former president and potential candidate for the upcoming election. On February 22, 2024, Trump's legal team filed a motion to dismiss the indictment, challenging the legality of Smith's appointment and the funding of his office. This motion set the stage for Judge Aileen Cannon to dismiss the case on July 15, 2024. The Appointments Clause and Its Significance At the heart of this case is the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution (Article II, Section 2, Clause 2). This clause outlines the process for appointing federal officers: " shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. " This clause serves several crucial functions in the U. S. constitutional system: It ensures a separation of powers by involving both the executive and legislative branches in the appointment process for high-level officials. It provides a check on executive power by requiring Senate confirmation for principal officers. It allows for efficiency in government by permitting Congress to authorize the appointment of inferior officers by department heads or the President alone. Trump Classified Documents Case Dismissed The Court's Reasoning Judge Aileen Cannon's order granting the motion to dismiss rests on several key points of reasoning: Lack of Statutory Authority The court examined the statutes cited in Smith's appointment order (28 U. S. C. §§ 509, 510, 515, 533) and concluded that none of them actually grants the Attorney General the power to appoint a special counsel with the full authority of a U. S. Attorney. The judge engaged in a detailed textual analysis of each statute, finding that they either deal with the general organization of the Department of Justice (§§ 509, 510), provide for the appointment of special attorneys to assist U. S. Attorneys (§ 515), or authorize the appointment of investigative officials within the FBI (§ 533). Historical Practice and Congressional Intent While acknowledging the historical use of special prosecutors and counsels, the court... > Invasive Visual Recording in Texas is a state jail felony. Learn more about the charge and defenses. - Published: 2024-07-14 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/invasive-visual-recording/ IMPORTANT LAW CHANGE (Effective September 1, 2025): Texas law regarding invasive visual recording has been significantly amended. Most notably, this offense now requires sex offender registration, and the definition of protected spaces has been expanded to include bedrooms and other areas where people have a reasonable expectation of privacy while disrobing. Defining Invasive Visual Recording Under Texas Law Invasive visual recording in Texas is a state jail felony defined under Texas Penal Code § 21. 15, which prohibits capturing or transmitting visual images of an intimate area of another person without their consent and with intent to invade their privacy. This offense applies to recordings made in places where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy, such as changing rooms, bathrooms, or bedrooms. This law also addresses the unauthorized transmission of these images. What is a "Place with Reasonable Expectation of Privacy"? Under the amended law effective September 1, 2025, Texas Penal Code § 21. 15(a)(3-a) specifically defines a "place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy" as a place in which a reasonable person would believe that the person could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that the act of undressing would be photographed or visually recorded by another or that a visual image of the person undressing would be broadcasted or transmitted by another. The term explicitly includes: Bathrooms Bedrooms Changing rooms This definition is broader than the previous version of the law and provides stronger protection for individuals in private spaces. Invasive Visual Recording is a State Jail Felony Invasive visual recording is considered a state jail felony. Conviction can lead to a punishment ranging from 180 days to two years in a state jail and may include fines up to $10,000. This reflects the severe breach of privacy represented by this crime. Statute of Limitations for Filing Charges in Texas The statute of limitations for invasive visual recording is three years in Texas. This means legal action must be initiated within three years from the date of the recording to pursue charges against the perpetrator. Eligibility for Probation in Invasive Visual Recording Cases Deferred adjudication, probation, and state jail time are all possibilities for Invasive Visual Recording cases in Texas. The terms of probation are contingent on the court's assessment of the case details, the defendant, and the defendant's prior criminal record. Probation terms may vary significantly based on these factors. Sex Offender Registration Requirements - MAJOR CHANGE Effective September 1, 2025, invasive visual recording now requires sex offender registration. Under the amended Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 62. 001(5), a conviction or adjudication for invasive visual recording under Section 21. 15 is now classified as a "reportable conviction or adjudication. " This means that individuals convicted of this offense must register as a sex offender in Texas. This represents a significant change from prior law and substantially increases the long-term consequences of a conviction for this offense. Sex offender registration requirements include: Registering with local law enforcement Regular verification of... > What is the punishment for assassination and attempted assassination in the United States? Learn about the death penalty for presidential assassination, - Published: 2024-07-14 - Modified: 2024-07-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/death-penalty-for-presidential-assassination/ Can You Get the Death Penalty for Presidential Assassination As the nation reels from the attempted assassination of former President Trump on July 13, 2024, many are wondering what would have happened if Thomas Matthew Crooks had not been killed. Would he have faced the death penalty for the attempt? What if someone is successful in taking a President’s life? Does it matter if the assassination was of a current or former President? The Death Penalty for Presidential Assassination Killing the President of the United States is considered one of the most serious federal crimes and is punishable by death. The current federal statute authorizing capital punishment for presidential assassination is 18 U. S. C. § 1751, which was enacted in 1965 following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Legislative History and Statutes Prior to 1965, there was no specific federal law criminalizing the assassination of the president. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865 was prosecuted as a military crime by a military commission since it was considered part of a wartime conspiracy. The assassinations of Presidents Garfield and McKinley in 1881 and 1901 were prosecuted under state murder laws. After President Kennedy's assassination in 1963, Congress passed the Presidential Assassination Statute as part of the 1965 amendments to the United States Code. 18 U. S. C. § 1751 made it a federal crime to kill, kidnap, or assault the President, President-elect, Vice President, or other officers in the line of succession to the presidency. The law authorized the death penalty or life imprisonment for assassination. The Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 revised and expanded federal death penalty procedures. It reaffirmed the assassination of the President as a capital offense and added new protections and procedures for capital cases. Current statute 18 U. S. C. § 1751 states: "(a) Whoever kills (1) any individual who is the President of the United States, the President-elect, the Vice President, or, if there is no Vice President, the officer next in the order of succession to the Office of the President of the United States, the Vice President-elect, or any person who is acting as President under the Constitution and laws of the United States... shall be punished (1) by imprisonment for any term of years or for life, or (2) by death or imprisonment for any term of years or for life, if death results to such individual. " Video of Thomas Matthew Crooks's Assassination Attempt on July 13, 2024 Imposition of the Death Penalty While the federal statute authorizes capital punishment for presidential assassination, the death penalty has never actually been imposed under this law. The four successful presidential assassins in U. S. history were all prosecuted before the 1965 federal statute was enacted: John Wilkes Booth (Lincoln's assassin) was killed while being apprehended Charles Guiteau (Garfield's assassin) was executed by hanging under District of Columbia law in 1882 Leon Czolgosz (McKinley's assassin) was executed by electric chair under New York state law in 1901 Lee Harvey Oswald... > In Texas family law cases, a party can appeal a ruling made by an asssociate judge to a district judge in what is known as a "de novo" hearing. Learn more. - Published: 2024-07-11 - Modified: 2024-07-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/de-novo-hearing-in-texas-family-court/ In Texas family law cases, it's not uncommon for an associate judge to hear preliminary matters - or decide temporary orders - instead of an elected district judge. This allows the court to move quickly and efficiently through its large volume of cases. However, it's also not uncommon for one of the parties to disagree with or second-guess the associate judge's rulings. This is where a de novo hearing comes into play. A de novo hearing, also known as a "new trial," is a fresh hearing of a matter that has already been heard by an associate judge. In this proceeding, the district judge reviews the case from the beginning without giving any deference to the associate judge's prior decisions. This process ensures that parties have recourse and can appeal if they believe the associate judge's ruling was incorrect or unfair while still allowing the court system to benefit from the efficiency of using associate judges for initial hearings. In this article, we explain de novo hearing in Texas family courts, including the difference between an associate and district judge, why a de novo hearing may be requested, and what happens during the de novo. But first, please watch this informative video by Attorney Laura Richardson and paralegal Alex Iacomini, who answer questions about de novo hearings in Texas. https://youtu. be/pZKiOVRcfdw Difference Between Associate and District Judges in Texas Family Court In Texas, there are two types of judges who preside over family law cases: associate judges and district judges. Both have the authority to make decisions and issue orders in family law matters. Associate Judges: Associate judges are appointed by the elected district judge to perform certain duties, including hearing preliminary matters and ruling on temporary orders. They must meet the same qualifications as a district judge, but they do not run for election. Their role is primarily to assist with managing the court's caseload and to ensure that cases are handled efficiently and expediently. While associate judges have the power to make final decisions on important matters, their rulings are subject to review by a district judge. If either party disagrees with the decision made by an associate judge, they can request a de novo hearing for further review by the district judge. District Judges District judges are elected by the people and serve four-year terms. They have full jurisdiction over all family law matters, including divorce, child custody, child support, and protective orders. District judges have the authority to make final decisions in all cases, including those heard initially by associate judges. They oversee the entire judicial process, from preliminary hearings to trials and final judgments, ensuring that justice is served in accordance with the law. Together, associate and district judges work to provide comprehensive judicial oversight in family law cases, balancing the need for specialized knowledge with the broad authority required to handle complex legal matters. This dual-judge system helps maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the Texas family court system, ensuring that all parties receive... > Injured in a wreck caused by a phantom driver who left the scene? Call 817-203-2220 for a free, no-obligation consulationg with a member of our personal injury team. - Published: 2024-07-11 - Modified: 2024-07-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/phantom-drivers/ You are driving down a two-way highway in Texas when suddenly, a car from the opposite direction veers into your lane. You swerve off the road and crash into a ditch to avoid a head-on collision. The other driver continues without stopping to check on you or exchange insurance information. Your car is totaled, and you suffer severe injuries requiring hospitalization. The driver who caused this catastrophe never stopped, leaving no trace behind. This type of no-contact accident— also called a miss-and-run accident—is all too common in Texas and is often caused by what are known as "phantom drivers. " These drivers cause the crash but are not directly involved, making it challenging to prove their presence. These incidents can be highly frustrating and costly for victims who know they weren’t at fault but struggle to prove it. In this article, our experienced personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett discuss phantom drivers, what to do if you’re involved in this type of accident, how to prove another vehicle caused the crash, and the steps to take to seek compensation for your damages. What is a Phantom Driver? A phantom driver is a driver who causes an accident without making physical contact with the victim's vehicle and then leaves the scene—sometimes unaware they caused a crash. This type of incident is also known as a "miss-and-run" or "no-contact accident. " Key characteristics of phantom driver accidents include: The at-fault driver causes another motorist to take evasive action, such as swerving or braking suddenly, to avoid a collision. The evasive maneuver results in the victim crashing into another vehicle, object, or going off the road. The phantom driver continues driving, either unaware of the accident they caused or deliberately fleeing the scene. There is no physical contact between the phantom driver's vehicle and the victim's vehicle. These accidents can be challenging from a legal perspective because: It can be difficult to identify the phantom driver, as they often leave little physical evidence. Proving fault becomes more complicated without direct contact between vehicles. Insurance claims may be more challenging to process, as some insurance policies treat phantom driver accidents differently from hit-and-run accidents. What to Do If a Phantom Driver Caused Your Accident Being involved in an accident caused by a phantom driver—a driver who flees the scene or remains unidentified—can be a distressing and confusing experience. Unlike typical accidents where the responsible party is present, a phantom driver incident leaves you without the other driver's information, making it more challenging to seek compensation. However, there are crucial steps you can take to protect your rights and hopefully ensure you receive the support you need. Here’s what you should do if you find yourself in this unfortunate situation. 1. Ensure Safety and Seek Medical Attention Check for injuries: Assess yourself and any passengers for injuries. Move to a safe location: If possible, move your vehicle to a safe area to avoid further collisions. Call 911: Report the accident and request medical assistance. 2.... > We have strong rights to protect people and property in Texas, but what about your privacy. Can you shoot down a drone in Texas? - Published: 2024-07-09 - Modified: 2024-07-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/shoot-down-a-drone-in-texas/ A Florida man recently made the news after he shot down a Walmart drone. Drones have become ubiquitous. It's not just big retailers like Amazon and Walmart who are using drones. With the cost of drones dipping as low as $30, anyone can buy a drone. Today what you can acquire for under $500 rivals what only professionals could get their hands on give years ago. So what happens if you have a drone flying above your property or outside your bedroom window? Can you shoot down a drone in Texas? This article explores the answer to that question and the civil and criminal implications for nefarious drone operators. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=sTkhm5kjJt0 Can You Legally Shoot Down a Drone in Texas? The short answer is no. It is generally not legal to shoot down a drone in Texas or anywhere else in the United States. In fact, a number of federal and state charges can stem from this. Federal Offenses Related to Shooting Down Drones The FAA classifies drones as aircraft. Under federal law, drones are legally considered aircraft, regardless of their size or purpose. This classification means they are protected under the same laws prohibiting interference with manned aircraft. Shooting down a drone can potentially violate several federal laws, including: 18 U. S. C. § 32 - Destruction of Aircraft This statute makes it a federal crime to willfully damage, destroy, or disable an aircraft. This means shooting down a drone could result in: A fine of up to $250,000; and Imprisonment for up to 20 years 18 U. S. C. § 1030 - Computer Fraud and Abuse Act If a drone is damaged or disabled through electronic means, such as hacking or jamming its control signals, this could be considered a violation of the CFAA. Penalties vary based on the specific circumstances but can include fines and imprisonment. Hacking a drone's control system would likely fall under unauthorized access to a protected computer. Jamming a drone's communications could be considered as intentionally damaging a protected computer by knowingly transmitting harmful data or code. The penalties under 18 U. S. C. § 1030 vary depending on the specific offense, but generally include: Unauthorized access to obtain information: Up to 1 year for first offense, up to 10 years for subsequent offenses. Intentionally damaging by knowing transmission (which could apply to jamming): Up to 10 years for first offense, up to 20 years for subsequent offenses. Recklessly causing damage by intentional access: Up to 5 years for first offense. State Offenses in Texas Related to Shooting Down Drones In addition to federal laws, shooting down a drone in Texas could potentially violate several state laws: Texas Penal Code § 28. 03 - Criminal Mischief Damaging or destroying a drone could be prosecuted as criminal mischief. Depending on the value of the damaged property, the penalties range from a Class C misdemeanor to a first-degree felony. Texas Penal Code § 42. 01 - Disorderly Conduct Discharging a firearm in a... > It might seems obvious, but the questions comes up: how many times can you get married in Texas? - Published: 2024-07-06 - Modified: 2024-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-many-times-can-you-get-married/ How Many Times Can You Get Married in Texas? Larry King, who lived in Texas for years, has been married eight times to seven different women. Tommy Lee Jones, who was born in San Saba, has been married three times. Willie Nelson, who is from Abbott, has been married four times. So, how many times can you get married in Texas? When it comes to marriage laws, every state has its own unique set of rules and regulations. Texas, known for its independent spirit, has some interesting marriage laws. A common question that arises is: How many times can you get married in Texas? Let's dive into this topic and explore the legal landscape of marriage in the Lone Star State. The Short Answer To cut right to the chase: There is no legal limit on how many times you can get married in Texas. As long as you are legally eligible to marry, you can tie the knot as often as you wish. However, this straightforward answer comes with several important caveats and considerations that we'll explore in detail. Legal Requirements for Marriage in Texas Before we delve into multiple marriages, let's review the basic requirements for getting married in Texas: Age: Both parties must be at least 18 years old. Minors aged 16-17 can marry with parental consent or a court order. Identification: A valid government-issued photo ID is required. Marriage License: Couples must obtain a marriage license from a county clerk's office. There's a 72-hour waiting period after obtaining the license before the marriage can take place (with some exceptions). Officiant: The marriage must be performed by an authorized officiant, such as a judge, religious leader, or someone specially appointed to conduct marriages. Witnesses: While not required, having witnesses is recommended. Divorce Status: If previously married, you must provide proof that the prior marriage has been dissolved through divorce, death, or annulment. The key point here is the last one - you must be legally single before entering into a new marriage. This brings us to our main topic: multiple marriages. Sequential Marriages vs. Simultaneous Marriages When discussing multiple marriages, it's crucial to distinguish between sequential marriages (getting married, divorced, then remarried) and simultaneous marriages (being married to multiple people at the same time). Sequential Marriages In Texas, there is no limit on the number of sequential marriages you can have. You can get married, divorced, and remarried as many times as you want, provided you follow the legal process each time. This means: Legally ending each marriage through divorce, annulment, or the death of a spouse Obtaining a new marriage license for each new marriage Meeting all other legal requirements for marriage Some famous Texans have been married multiple times. For example, the late businessman and politician Ross Perot was married twice, while actress Jerry Hall (born in Texas) has been married four times. Simultaneous Marriages Simultaneous marriages, also known as bigamy or polygamy, are illegal in Texas. The Texas Penal Code, Section 25. 01, clearly... > Child custody agreements can be modified, even within a year. Learn about grounds for modification of child custody in Texas. - Published: 2024-07-06 - Modified: 2024-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/grounds-for-modification-of-child-custody/ Grounds for Modification of Child Custody in Texas Child custody arrangements in Texas are not set in stone. As circumstances change and children grow, it may become necessary to modify existing custody orders. This article explores the grounds for custody modification in Texas, the legal process involved, and key considerations for parents seeking changes to their custody arrangements. Legal Standard for Changing Custody or Visitation In Texas, courts can modify child custody or visitation orders under specific conditions. The primary requirement is that any changes must be in the child's best interests. Additionally, one of the following conditions must be met: Changed circumstances Preference of a child age 12 or over Relinquishment of custody Changed Circumstances Courts may modify custody orders based on "material and substantial changes in circumstances" affecting the child, either parent, or another person involved in the custody order. While Texas law doesn't provide a specific definition of "material and substantial changes," courts evaluate each case individually. Preference of a Child Age 12 or Over Children aged 12 or older can express their preference regarding which parent should have primary custody. The judge may interview the child in chambers to understand their wishes. However, the child's preference is not the sole determining factor, as the court must always prioritize the child's best interests. Relinquishment of Custody If the parent with primary custody voluntarily gives up custody for at least six months, the court may modify the custody arrangement. This doesn't apply if the relinquishment is due to military deployment. Material and Substantial Changes in Circumstances While not exhaustively defined in Texas Family Code, courts consider various factors as potential material and substantial changes, including: Criminal offenses involving family violence or child abuse Relocation of a parent Changes in the child's needs Parental alienation New stepparents or siblings Instability in the home environment Grounds for Modification of Child Custody Within One Year of Current Order Generally, parents must wait at least one year before requesting modifications to primary custody. However, exceptions exist if: The person with primary custody agrees to the change The child's current environment endangers their physical health or emotional development The primary custodian has allowed someone else to have primary care for at least six months Best Interests of the Child When considering custody modifications, Texas courts use the following factors to determine the child's best interests: The child's desires The child's current and future emotional and physical needs Any emotional or physical danger to the child Parental abilities of the individual seeking custody Available programs to assist individuals in promoting the child's best interests Plans for the child by the individual seeking custody Stability of the home or proposed placement Acts or omissions of the parent indicating an improper parent-child relationship Any excuses for the parent's acts or omissions Legal Process for Custody Modification Filing a Modification Request The process begins by filing a petition with the court that issued the original custody order. The petition should explain the reasons for the modification and... > There are federal statutes of limitations for both civil and criminal matters. Learn more about these statutes, why they exist, and important exceptions. - Published: 2024-07-06 - Modified: 2024-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-statutes-of-limitations/ Federal Statutes of Limitations: Criminal and Civil Time Limits Statutes of limitations play a crucial role in the U. S. federal legal system, setting time limits for initiating legal proceedings in both criminal and civil cases. These statutes serve multiple purposes, including preserving the integrity of evidence, providing closure to potential defendants, and promoting efficiency in the legal system. This article provides an in-depth examination of federal statutes of limitations, covering their history, purpose, application, and notable exceptions in both criminal and civil contexts. Historical Context The concept of statutes of limitations dates back to ancient Roman law, where the Lex Julia de Adulteriis Coercendis established a five-year limitation period for certain offenses. In English common law, statutes of limitations were initially applied only to civil actions. The first general statutes of limitations in England were enacted in 1623, during the reign of King James I. Statutes of limitations have been part of the legal landscape in the United States since the country's founding. The first federal statute of limitations was enacted in 1790, applying to various crimes, including treason, murder, and forgery of public securities. Over time, Congress has enacted numerous statutes of limitations for different federal offenses and civil actions. Purpose and Rationale Statutes of limitations serve several important purposes in the legal system: Preserving evidence: As time passes, evidence may deteriorate or be lost, and witnesses' memories may fade. Statutes of limitations encourage timely prosecution or filing of claims when evidence is still fresh and reliable. Providing closure:These statutes protect defendants from the uncertainty of indefinite legal jeopardy, allowing individuals and businesses to plan their affairs without the constant threat of litigation. Promoting efficiency:By imposing time limits, statutes of limitations help prevent the clogging of court dockets with stale claims and encourage the prompt resolution of legal disputes. Incentivizing diligence:These statutes motivate plaintiffs and prosecutors to act promptly in pursuing their claims or charges. Federal Criminal Statutes of Limitations In federal criminal law, statutes of limitations vary depending on the nature and severity of the offense. The general federal criminal statute of limitations is found in 18 U. S. C. § 3282, which provides a five-year limitation period for most federal offenses. However, there are numerous exceptions and specific provisions for certain crimes. Notable Criminal Statutes of Limitations Capital offenses: There is no statute of limitations for capital offenses, including murder in the first degree and certain terrorism-related crimes resulting in death. (18 U. S. C. § 3281) Sexual abuse offenses: The limitation period for most federal sexual abuse offenses is 10 years. However, for offenses involving the sexual or physical abuse of a child, the statute of limitations is extended to the life of the child or 10 years after the offense, whichever is longer. (18 U. S. C. § 3283) Terrorism offenses: Many terrorism-related crimes have an 8-year statute of limitations. (18 U. S. C. § 3286(a)) Immigration offenses: The limitation period for most immigration offenses is 10 years. (18 U. S. C. § 3291)... > As a drug defense lawyer - Published: 2024-07-06 - Modified: 2024-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-defense-lawyer/ Protecting Your Rights in Texas Drug Cases As a drug defense lawyer in Fort Worth, Texas, we've seen firsthand how drug charges can turn someone's life upside down. Whether you're facing allegations of possession, distribution, or manufacturing, the consequences of a conviction can be severe and long-lasting. That's why it's crucial to have an experienced drug defense attorney in your corner, fighting to protect your rights and freedom. At Varghese Summersett, we defend clients against drug charges throughout Tarrant County and the surrounding areas. Our team of skilled attorneys understands the complexities of Texas drug laws and the tactics used by prosecutors. We're committed to providing aggressive, strategic defense to help our clients achieve the best possible outcomes in their cases. What Does a Drug Defense Lawyer Do? Case Evaluation and Strategy Development When you hire a drug defense lawyer, the first step is thoroughly evaluating your case. This involves reviewing police reports and evidence, analyzing the circumstances of your arrest and any searches conducted, identifying potential constitutional violations or procedural errors, assessing the strength of the prosecution's case, and determining possible defenses and strategies. Based on this evaluation, we will develop a tailored defense strategy to achieve the best possible outcome for your situation. Learn more: Possession of a Controlled Substance Possession of Marijuana Manufacture Delivery of a Controlled Substance Delivery of Marijuana Protecting Your Constitutional Rights Drug cases often involve complex legal issues related to search and seizure, due process, and other constitutional protections. A skilled drug defense lawyer will scrutinize every aspect of your case to ensure your rights weren't violated. This may include challenging the legality of traffic stops or searches, examining whether proper procedures were followed in obtaining and executing search warrants, and ensuring that your Miranda rights were respected during questioning. If any constitutional violations are identified, your attorney can file motions to suppress evidence or dismiss the charges altogether. Negotiating with Prosecutors In many drug cases, plea negotiations can lead to reduced charges or more lenient sentences. An experienced drug defense lawyer will engage in discussions with prosecutors to explore potential plea deals, advocate for alternatives to incarceration, such as drug treatment programs or probation, and seek to have charges reduced or dismissed when appropriate. Trial Representation Sometimes, prosecutors are unwilling to accept a pathway to a reasonable resolution. If your case goes to trial, we will provide vigorous representation in the courtroom. This includes cross-examining prosecution witnesses, calling and questioning defense witnesses, objecting to inadmissible evidence or improper questioning, arguing legal motions and presenting defenses. Common Defenses in Texas Drug Cases Our experienced attorneys may employ several strategies and defenses when defending against drug charges in Texas. These include challenging the legality of searches, questioning the ownership and knowledge of the drugs, addressing chain of custody issues, raising entrapment defenses, and more. Each defense strategy is tailored to the unique circumstances of each case, focusing on mitigating factors and evidentiary weaknesses. The Importance of Experienced Legal Representation Given the complexity of drug... > Our family court lawyers at Varghese Summersett are known for their tenacious advocacy. Learn more about our team of family lawyers. - Published: 2024-07-05 - Modified: 2024-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/family-court-lawyers/ When it comes to navigating the complex and emotionally charged waters of family law, having a seasoned, compassionate, and skilled legal team by your side can make all the difference. Our family court lawyers at Varghese Summersett stand at the forefront of family court representation, offering unparalleled expertise and a client-focused approach that has earned us a reputation as the go-to firm for family law matters. With years of experience and a track record of success in family court cases, our team of dedicated attorneys understands the delicate nature of family disputes and the importance of achieving favorable outcomes for our clients. We combine legal acumen with empathy, ensuring that your rights are protected while working towards resolutions that serve the best interests of you and your loved ones. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the various aspects of family law, our firm's approach to handling these sensitive matters, and why Varghese Summersett is the premier choice for those seeking expert legal representation in family court. About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett has established itself as a beacon of excellence in the field of family law. Founded on the principles of integrity, compassion, and unwavering commitment to our clients, our firm has grown to become one of the most respected legal practices in the region. Our journey began with a vision to provide top-tier legal services that not only address the legal aspects of family disputes but also acknowledge the emotional and personal elements inherent in these cases. Over the years, we have built a team of highly skilled attorneys, each bringing a wealth of knowledge and experience to the table. Our firm's reputation is built on a foundation of successful case outcomes, client satisfaction, and professional recognition. We are proud to have been consistently ranked among the top family law firms by various legal directories and peer review organizations. Our attorneys have been recognized for their legal acumen, with many holding leadership positions in professional associations and regularly contributing to legal publications. Our accolades include: Our family lawyers have been named Best Lawyers in America by Best Lawyers and Best Lawyers in Texas by Forbes Advisor for 2024. Our lawyers have been included in Super Lawyers and Rising Stars lists. Our lawyers have secured a number of awards on Avvo for service and a 10-Star Rating. The firm has acquired over 1,000 5-star Google reviews. These recognitions reflect our commitment to excellence and our dedication to achieving the best possible outcomes for our clients. Areas of Practice At Varghese Summersett, we offer comprehensive legal services covering all aspects of family law. Our expertise includes: Divorce Divorce can be one of the most challenging experiences in a person's life. We guide our clients through both contested and uncontested divorce proceedings, ensuring their rights and interests are protected throughout the process. Our approach is tailored to each client's unique situation, whether that involves negotiating a settlement or litigating complex issues in court. We handle various types of divorce cases, including: High-asset divorces... > Who claims the child on Federal Taxes with 50-50 Custody? We discuss the answer here as well as what you need to discuss with your lawyer before divorce. - Published: 2024-07-05 - Modified: 2024-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-taxes-with-50-50-custody/ Introduction Navigating the complexities of federal tax laws can be challenging, especially for divorced or separated parents who share custody of their child. When custody is split 50/50, the question of who gets to claim the child on their federal taxes becomes particularly important. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide on federal taxes with 50-50 custody, focusing on the specific considerations for parents in Texas. We will cover the relevant tax laws, the rules set by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and practical advice for resolving potential conflicts between parents. Understanding Custody Arrangements What is 50-50 Custody? In a 50-50 custody arrangement, both parents share equal time and responsibility for their child. This means that the child spends an equal amount of time living with each parent and that both parents are equally involved in making important decisions about the child's welfare. Federal Tax Laws Pertaining to Child Custody Key Terms and Definitions Before diving into the specifics, it's important to understand some key tax terms and definitions related to claiming a child as a dependent: Qualifying Child: To claim a child as a dependent, the child must meet certain criteria set by the IRS, including relationship, age, residency, and support tests. Custodial Parent: The custodial parent is the one with whom the child lives for a greater number of nights during the year. Non-Custodial Parent: The non-custodial parent is the one with whom the child lived for fewer nights. IRS Rules for Claiming a Child The IRS has specific rules for determining who can claim a child as a dependent in cases of divorced or separated parents. These rules are outlined in IRS Publication 501 and IRS Publication 504. Custodial vs. Non-Custodial Parent In general, the custodial parent has the right to claim the child as a dependent. This is because the custodial parent is presumed to provide the majority of the child's support. However, there are exceptions to this rule: Form 8332: The custodial parent can release their claim to the dependency exemption by signing IRS Form 8332. This form allows the non-custodial parent to claim the child instead. This browser does not support PDFs. Please download the PDF to view it: Download PDF. Divorce Decree or Separation Agreement: If the divorce decree or separation agreement specifies which parent can claim the child, the IRS will generally honor this agreement. Special Considerations for Texas Parents Community Property State Texas is a community property state, which means that most property acquired during the marriage is considered jointly owned by both spouses. However, when it comes to claiming a child as a dependent, the community property rules do not directly apply. Instead, the IRS rules take precedence. Legal Agreements In Texas, divorced or separated parents often have a legal agreement or court order that outlines custody and support arrangements. These agreements can also specify who gets to claim the child on their taxes. It is crucial for parents to follow these legal documents to avoid conflicts and potential... > Learn about Texas' deepfake porn law and proposed federal legislation. Contact Varghese Summersett for expert defense against these accusations. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-07-05 - Modified: 2025-05-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-deepfake-porn/ In an era where technology evolves faster than legislation, deepfake porn is a pressing issue that has garnered lawmakers' attention. In 2023, Texas enacted a law specifically targeting deepfake pornography, and U. S. Senator Ted Cruz has proposed federal legislation that expands protections for victims and increases penalties for perpetrators, including juveniles. Melania Trump has now also taken up the cause, using her first public remarks since her husband's return to office to lend her support to the "Take It Down Act. " The First Lady led a roundtable discussion on Capitol Hill on March 3, 2025, to highlight this bipartisan bill. She has since applauded the bill’s passage. In this article, we will explain the current Texas deepfake porn law and the newly passed federal legislation - dubbed the "Take It Down Act" - by Senator Cruz (R-Texas), which stemmed from a case in North Texas. Our firm has represented a number of people, including juveniles, who have been accused of deepfake pornography and are constantly navigating the complex legal landscape surrounding this offense. What is Deepfake Pornography? Deepfake pornography refers to digital media, usually videos, that are manipulated using artificial intelligence (AI) technology to create fake images or videos that appear real. This can range from simple face swapping to more sophisticated techniques where AI algorithms can generate lifelike videos of people engaging in sexual acts without their consent or knowledge. Texas Deepfake Pornography Law In 2023, Texas passed a law specifically addressing deepfake pornography. Texas Penal Code Section 21. 165, titled "Unlawful Production or Distribution of Certain Sexually Explicit Videos," went into effect on September 1, 2023. Under this statute, a person commits an offense if he or she: Without the effective consent of the person appearing to be depicted a person knowingly produces or distributes by electronic means a deepfake video that appears to depict the person with their intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct. The law defines a "deep fake video" as "a video, created with the intent to deceive, that appears to depict a real person performing an action that did not occur in reality. " This offense is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a maximum fine of $4,000. This law is part of Texas's efforts to address the growing concern over the use of artificial intelligence to create sexually explicit content without consent. It's important to note that this is one of two deepfake video laws in Texas as of 2024. The other one addresses the use of deepfakes in political communications, which is also a Class A misdemeanor. Take It Down Act: Newly Passed Federal Legislation for Deepfake Pornography In June 2024, Senator Ted Cruz, along with bipartisan co-sponsors, proposed federal legislation to address the issue of deepfake pornography. The Take It Down Act - an acronym for Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks - aims to expand protections for victims and increase... > What are the chances of a U.S. TikTok ban and, if it happens, what will it mean to you - the regular user? We drill down in this article. - Published: 2024-07-05 - Modified: 2024-07-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/the-u-s-tiktok-ban-what-you-need-to-know/ TikTok has been a focus of concern in the United States for years now, primarily due to national security and data privacy issues. While there have been numerous attempts to ban the app, the first real threat to its fate came in April when President Joe Biden signed a bill forcing TikTok to find a new owner within a year or face a ban—setting the stage for a potential showdown between the company and the US government. But what does this for you, the regular TikTok user? We drilled down to find out because, well, the attorneys and legal professionals at Varghese Summersett use TikTok, too. (Follow us on VersusTexas! ) For starters, if there is a TikTok ban, the app will not just suddenly disappear from your phone one day. You also will not get arrested if you continue using it if it gets banned. Keep reading to learn more about the proposed U. S. TikTok ban. Why the U. S. Government Wants to a TikTok Ban The U. S. government wants to ban TikTok primarily due to national security concerns. Here are the key reasons: Data security: There are concerns that ByteDance, TikTok's Chinese parent company, could be compelled by the Chinese government to share American citizens' user data. This worry stems from Chinese national security laws that require organizations to cooperate with intelligence gathering. Potential for surveillance: U. S. officials, including FBI Director Christopher Wray, have warned that the Chinese government could potentially use TikTok to surveil Americans through their devices. Information manipulation: There are fears that the Chinese government could covertly influence the U. S. public by manipulating TikTok's algorithm to amplify or suppress specific content. Data collection practices: Some lawmakers argue that TikTok collects excessive amounts of user data, which could be exploited. Influence on young users: Senators like Marco Rubio have expressed concerns about China's ability to influence young Americans who use TikTok as their primary news source. Lack of transparency: There are worries about the opacity of TikTok's operations and its relationship with the Chinese government. Precedent in other countries: Several other nations have already implemented partial or full bans on TikTok, particularly on government devices. The U. S. government is concerned about China's involvement in TikTok data collection, fearing it could lead to the spread of false information, enhanced war strategies, and increased access to sensitive information about U. S. citizens. It's important to note that these concerns are contested by TikTok and some civil rights groups. TikTok denies being beholden to the Chinese government and argues that banning the app would infringe on users' First Amendment rights. Critics of the ban also point out that other social media platforms have similar data collection practices and addictive algorithms. The TikTok Ban Bill President Joe Biden recently signed legislation that could potentially lead to a nationwide TikTok ban in the United States. This legislation is part of a broader foreign aid package supporting Israel and Ukraine, and it specifically targets TikTok's Chinese parent... > In this article, our Texas family lawyers discuss what a custodial parent is in Texas and the rights and responsibilities of a custodial parent. - Published: 2024-07-03 - Modified: 2024-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/custodial-parent-in-texas/ In Texas, the role of a custodial parent carries significant responsibilities and rights. Whether you're going through a divorce, separation, or are already a custodial parent, understanding the legal framework and practical implications of this role is crucial. This comprehensive guide aims to provide clarity on what it means to be a custodial parent in Texas. What is a Custodial Parent in Texas? In Texas family law, a custodial parent is typically the parent who has the right to determine the primary residence of the child. This parent is often referred to as the "primary conservator" or the parent with "primary custody. " However, it's important to note that Texas law favors the term "conservatorship" over "custody. " Understanding Conservatorship in Texas Types of Conservatorship Joint Managing Conservatorship (JMC): This is the most common arrangement in Texas. Both parents share parental rights and duties, but one parent (the custodial parent) usually has the exclusive right to determine the child's primary residence. Sole Managing Conservatorship (SMC): In Solo Managing Conservatorship, which is the less common arrangement, one parent has exclusive rights to make major decisions for the child. This is typically ordered when there are concerns about the other parent's ability to make sound decisions for the child's welfare. Rights and Duties of Conservators Regardless of the type of conservatorship, both parents typically retain certain rights and duties, including: The right to receive information about the child's health, education, and welfare The right to consult with the other parent before making decisions concerning the child's health, education, and welfare The right to access medical, dental, psychological, and educational records The duty to inform the other parent of significant information concerning the child's health, education, and welfare Specific Rights and Responsibilities of a Custodial Parent in Texas As a custodial parent in Texas, you have several key rights and responsibilities: Determining Primary Residence: You have the right to decide where the child will primarily live, often within a specific geographic area. Receiving Child Support: You're typically entitled to receive child support payments from the non-custodial parent. Making Educational Decisions: You often have the right to make decisions about the child's education, including choice of schools. Medical Decisions: You usually have the right to consent to medical, dental, and surgical treatment involving invasive procedures, as well as psychiatric and psychological treatment. Managing Finances: You may have the right to manage the child's estate if it's created by the parent or the parent's family. Representing the Child Legally: You have the right to represent the child in legal actions and make other legal decisions. Consenting to Marriage and Enlistment: You have the right to consent to the child's marriage or enlistment in the armed forces. Possession and Access (Visitation) While you're the custodial parent, the non-custodial parent typically has rights to possession and access, often governed by a Standard Possession Order (SPO) or an Expanded Standard Possession Order (ESPO). Standard Possession Order (SPO) The Standard Possession Order typically provides the non-custodial parent with: 1st,... > Do you know what happens to an inheritance in divorce in Texas? In this article we will explore the presumption and things that can change the presumption. - Published: 2024-07-03 - Modified: 2024-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/inheritance-in-divorce/ Is an Inheritance Community Property in Texas? In the Lone Star State, property division during a divorce can be complex and often contentious, particularly when inheritance is involved. This comprehensive guide delves deep into what happens with an inheritance in divorce. According to Texas Family Code 3. 001, an inheritance is a gift and is generally treated as separate property. Understanding Separate vs. Marital Property in Texas Texas, like several other states, follows the community property system. This system is based on the principle that property acquired during a marriage belongs equally to both spouses. However, this seemingly straightforward concept becomes more nuanced when we consider the various types of property that can be acquired before and during a marriage. Community Property: The General Rule In Texas, the default assumption is that all property acquired during a marriage is community property. This means that, regardless of which spouse earned the income or made the purchase, the property is considered to be owned equally by both parties. Examples of community property typically include: Salaries and wages earned during the marriage Real estate purchased with marital funds Businesses started or expanded during the marriage Retirement accounts and pensions accrued during the marriage Vehicles, furniture, and other personal property acquired during the marriage The rationale behind this system is that marriage is viewed as an economic partnership, with both spouses contributing to the household in various ways, whether through income, homemaking, or child-rearing. Separate Property: The Exceptions While community property is the default, Texas law recognizes certain exceptions to this rule. Separate property is owned solely by one spouse and is not subject to division during a divorce. The Texas Family Code Section 3. 001 outlines three primary categories of separate property: Property owned before marriage: Any assets that a spouse owned prior to entering into the marriage remain their separate property. This could include real estate, vehicles, investments, or personal belongings. Gifts and inheritances: Property acquired by one spouse during the marriage through gift, devise, or descent is considered separate property. This category includes inheritances, which we will explore in more detail later. Recovery for personal injuries: Any compensation received for personal injuries sustained by a spouse during the marriage is separate property, with one notable exception - recovery for loss of earning capacity during the marriage is considered community property. Understanding these distinctions is crucial, as it forms the foundation for how inheritance is treated under Texas law. Complexities of Inheritance in Divorce Inheritance occupies a unique position in Texas property law. While it's generally classified as separate property, various factors can complicate this classification, potentially transforming an inheritance into community property or creating situations where the lines between separate and community property become blurred. The General Rule: Inheritance as Separate Property Under Texas law, an inheritance received by one spouse, whether before or during the marriage, is typically classified as separate property. This means that if you receive an inheritance from a deceased relative, it should remain your sole property... > Fentanyl murder is defined in Texas Penal Code 19.02(b)4 and refers to the criminal charge arising out of the delivery or manufacturing of fentanyl that results in a death. - Published: 2024-07-02 - Modified: 2025-09-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fentanyl-murder-in-texas/ What is Fentanyl Murder? Fentanyl murder is defined in Texas Penal Code 19. 02(b)4 and refers to the criminal charge arising out of the delivery or manufacturing of fentanyl that results in a death. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that can be fatal even in small doses. Why Did the Fentanyl Murder Statute Become Law? The rise of fentanyl-related deaths has been alarming, with the opioid crisis taking a significant toll on communities across the United States, including Texas. Fentanyl is up to 100 times more potent than morphine, and even a small dose can be lethal. House Bill 6 (HB6) was introduced to address this crisis, and it became law on September 1, 2023. HB6 effectively reclassified fentanyl overdoses as "poisonings" and established the new offense of fentanyl murder. This legislation aims to curb the growing number of fentanyl-related deaths by holding suppliers and distributors criminally accountable. Yet, as discussed in this article, that worthy goal has given law enforcement a brush that is sometimes used too broadly. https://youtu. be/C11BMa_gei8 Fentanyl in Texas Any death from fentanyl use is one death too many. One of the things that HB6 did was implement better record-keeping. Prior to HB6, a fentanyl death would likely be categorized with other drug deaths as a drug overdose. The CDC reported that 5,489 people died in Texas from drug overdoses in 2022. The newly enacted law in Texas requires medical examiners to specifically record fentanyl deaths, rather than classify them as general drug overdoses. As Texas Governor Greg Abbott has pointed out, more than 2,000 people died from fentanyl in Texas in 2022, equating to over five deaths per day. He stressed that fentanyl is the leading cause of death for Americans aged 18-45. According to the Texas Department of State Health Services, the number of fentanyl-related deaths has been on a steep rise. Data indicates that from 2019 to 2021, the number of fentanyl-related deaths in Texas increased by over 400%, highlighting the severity of the crisis. The Fentanyl Murder Statute - Penal Code 19. 02(b)(4) The fentanyl murder statute is an addition to the murder statute and provides that the offense of murder includes: knowingly manufactures or delivers a controlled substance included in Penalty Group 1-B under Section 481. 1022, Health and Safety Code, in violation of Section 481. 1123, Health and Safety Code, and an individual dies as a result of injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or introducing into the individual's body any amount of the controlled substance manufactured or delivered by the actor, regardless of whether the controlled substance was used by itself or with another substance, including a drug, adulterant, or dilutant. The Intent Requirement of the Fentanyl Murder Statute Notice that the intent requirement "knowingly" applies to the manufacture or delivery of fentanyl. It does not apply to the death. In other words, the law does not require that a person intended to kill another or even knew that a death would occur. At a dealer or manufacturer level, that makes... > Don't lose your freedom on the Fourth of July. Here's a look at the most common Fourth of July crimes in Texas. - Published: 2024-07-02 - Modified: 2025-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/most-common-fourth-of-july-crimes-in-texas/ The Fourth of July is a patriotic holiday celebrating the independence of the United States. It's a time for Americans to come together with family and friends to enjoy parades, cookouts, fireworks, and other festivities. While it's a time to commemorate America's freedom, inevitably, plenty of Texans will jeopardize their own and wind up behind bars. Here's a look at common Fourth of July crimes in Texas and the potential legal consequences for those accused. 1. Driving While Intoxicated Unfortunately, drunk driving is a common occurrence during the Fourth of July holiday. As a result, law enforcement officers are on high alert for impaired drivers. In Texas, it's illegal for a person to operate a vehicle while impaired, either due to alcohol, drugs, or any substance that affects their ability to drive safely. Texas law defines intoxication as having a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0. 08 or not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties due to the introduction of a substance into the body. For first-time offenders, Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) is punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a maximum $2000 fine. The stakes are higher if the impaired driver has a prior, has a child in the car, or if someone is hurt or killed. DWI Punishments in Texas Offense Fine Jail Time First Offense Up to $2,000 3 to 180 days Second Offense Up to $4,000 30 days to 1 year Third Offense Up to $10,000 2 to 10 years BAC ≥ 0. 15 Up to $4,000 Up to 1 year With Child Passenger Up to $10,000 180 days to 2 years Intoxication Assault Up to $10,000 2 to 10 years Intoxication Manslaughter Up to $10,000 2 to 20 years In addition to fines and jail time, DWI convictions in Texas may also come with other consequences, such as driver's license suspension, mandatory attendance at alcohol education programs, installation of an Ignition Interlock Device (IID), etc. 2. Fireworks Violations In Texas, fireworks are a popular way to celebrate Independence Day. However, not all fireworks are legal in the state, and there are laws and regulations surrounding the use of fireworks. Here's a look at common fireworks violations: Shooting Fireworks within City Limits: Many Texas cities, including Fort Worth, have ordinances prohibiting the manufacture, storage, sale, handling or use of fireworks within incorporated city limits. Violating city firework ordinances can result in hefty fines. For example: In Fort Worth, possessing fireworks within city limits is punishable by a fine of up to $2,000. In Houston, fines for possessing or using fireworks within city limits range from $500 to $2,000 for each individual firework. In Lubbock, violators could face a fine of up to $1,000 for possessing or shooting fireworks within city limits. In Denton County, violation of fireworks rules may result in a fine of up to $500 per occurrence. Improper Use or Location of Fireworks: In Texas, it's illegal to explode or ignite fireworks: within 600 feet of churches, hospitals, schools,... > Here are eight lessons you can learn from the Timberlake arrest for DWI. - Published: 2024-07-01 - Modified: 2024-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/timberlake-arrest/ DWI Lessons Learned from the Justin Timberlake Arrest On June 18, 2024, *NSYNC alum Justin Timberlake was arrested in the Hamptons for driving while intoxicated (DWI). There are a number of lessons that can be learned from Timberlake's arrest. In this article, we'll cover them so you'll hopefully you'll be better prepared if you are stopped on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. Visit our location-specific DWI pages: Denton County DWI Lawyer | Houston DWI Lawyer | Fort Bend DWI Lawyer | Fort Worth DWI Lawyer | Dallas DWI Lawyer Timberlake’s DWI Arrest Timberlake was driving his 2025 BMW X7 when he failed to stop at a stop sign at the corner of Madison Street and Jermain Avenue in Sag Harbor, New York. He also swerved twice into the opposite lane of traffic. The police stopped Timberlake at 12:37 AM. Timberlake admitted to coming from the American Hotel where he had one drink. He said he was following friends home. The police reported he couldn't focus while the police were speaking to him or while he was searching for his registration. They noted other signs of intoxication: Timberlake had bloodshot and glassy eyes, a strong odor of alcohol on his breath, slow speech, and unsteady movements. They also reported he did poorly on the field sobriety tests and refused to take a breath test - three times in 40 minutes. Following his arrest, Timberlake was processed and held overnight before being arraigned and released without bail the next morning. Timberlake was officially charged with one count of DWI and cited for failing to stop at a stop sign and failing to stay in his lane. Timberlake is scheduled to appear in court again on July 26, 2024. Can You Be Arrested After Having Just One Drink? Timberlake says he only had one drink. There's a lot to break down in that statement. First, the most common answers to whether or not someone has been drinking include: "Just a bit. " "A little" "A couple of drinks" "Just one. " It may have been one drink, it may not have been. The bartender at the American Hotel backs him up. Others report Timberlake was "wasted" before he left the restaurant. Lesson 1: Don't admit anything. In most cases, the police will know little more than what the driver tells them. However, officers can do the work required to get more information. We've had cases where officers tracked down all the drinks and all the places a driver was at, but that type of investigative work would be unusual for a misdemeanor. Lesson 2: Don't assume one drink is one drink. Timberlake mentioned to police that he had consumed a Vesper martini before his arrest for DWI. The Vesper martini, popularized by the James Bond novels, is a potent cocktail made from Lillet Blanc, Tanqueray gin, and Grey Goose vodka, shaken over ice served with a thick twist of lemon rind. In other words, this particular drink is made from all alcohol, without... > All 50 states are no-fault divorce states, but some are questioning whether that should change. Here is the state of the law in Texas. - Published: 2024-07-01 - Modified: 2025-10-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/no-fault-divorce/ Despite being the most common type of divorce in Texas, the is a move to end no-fault divorce in the state. No-fault divorce has been a significant aspect of family law in the United States, allowing couples to dissolve their marriages without proving wrongdoing. In fact, no-fault divorces are allowed in all 50 states. Yet, there has been a movement recently that wants to end them. In this article, we will explore what a no-fault divorce is and whether no-fault divorces are nearing their demise in Texas. https://youtu. be/Gl7u8TJah_Q What is a No-Fault Divorce in Texas? No-fault divorce enables couples to end their marriage without assigning blame to either party. This type of divorce is based on grounds such as "irreconcilable differences" or "insupportability," indicating that the marriage has broken down beyond repair. No-fault divorce simplifies the legal process, making it quicker, less adversarial, and often less expensive than fault-based divorces. Current State of Divorce Law in Texas In Texas, couples can choose between no-fault and fault-based divorce. Under the no-fault system, the primary ground for divorce is insupportability, meaning the marriage has become unsustainable due to irreconcilable differences. This approach streamlines the divorce process and reduces the need for contentious legal battles. However, Texas also allows for fault-based divorces, where one spouse must prove the other's misconduct. Grounds for fault-based divorce can be found in Chapter 6 of the Family Code and include: Adultery Cruelty (mental or physical abuse) Abandonment (for at least one year) Conviction of a felony (with a prison sentence of at least one year) Living apart (for at least three years) Confinement in a mental hospital (for at least three years with little hope of recovery) The Push to End No-Fault Divorce in Texas The movement to end no-fault divorce in Texas is gaining traction, particularly among conservative lawmakers and advocacy groups. Proponents of this change argue that no-fault divorce undermines the institution of marriage and makes it too easy for couples to end their unions without attempting reconciliation. Public Advocacy to End No-Fault Divorce Matt Krause: Texas State Representative Matt Krause has been a vocal advocate for ending no-fault divorce, arguing it would help keep families together and protect spouses who do not wish to divorce. Conservative Figures: Influential conservatives like Texan Steven Crowder have criticized no-fault divorce, claiming it undermines marriage and harms men disproportionately. Legislative Efforts to End No-Fault Divorce in Texas Past Attempts: In 2017, Texas state representative Matt Krause introduced a bill to abolish no-fault divorce, though it did not pass. Republican Party Platform The Texas Republican Party supports policies that would extend the waiting period for divorce and promote covenant marriages. Covenant marriages require premarital counseling and limit divorce grounds to more severe issues like adultery or abuse. Implications of Ending No-Fault Divorce Eliminating no-fault divorce in Texas could have significant implications, particularly for victims of domestic violence. Critics argue that making divorce harder could trap victims in abusive marriages, as proving fault can be difficult and time-consuming. Some... > On July 1, 2024 the Supreme Court handed down Trump v. United States outlining presidential official acts immunity. Learn more. - Published: 2024-07-01 - Modified: 2024-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-v-united-states/ Supreme Court Decision on Trump: Presidential Immunity and Its Implications On July 1, 2024, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Trump v. United States addressing former President Donald Trump's claim of presidential immunity. The case has been closely watched due to its potential impact on the accountability of former presidents for actions taken while in office. Background of the Case The central issue in this case was whether a former president could claim absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for actions taken during their presidency. Trump argued that his efforts to contest the 2020 election results were part of his official duties and therefore protected by presidential immunity. Special Counsel Jack Smith countered that only sitting presidents enjoy such immunity, and that extending this protection would effectively allow former presidents to evade accountability for criminal conduct. Supreme Court's Ruling The ruling makes a distinction between the official actions of a president, which have immunity, and the unofficial acts of a president. In a 6 to 3 decision dividing along partisan lines, the justices said that Mr. Trump is immune from prosecution for official acts taken during his presidency but that there was a crucial distinction between official and private conduct. Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. wrote for the majority, stating that broad immunity for official conduct is needed to protect “an energetic, independent executive. ” We conclude that under our constitutional structure of separated powers, the nature of Presidential power requires that a former President have some immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts during his tenure in office. At least with respect to the President’s exercise of his core constitutional powers, this immunity must be absolute. As for his remaining official actions, he is also entitled to immunity. At the current stage of proceedings in this case, however, we need not and do not decide whether that immunity must be absolute, or instead whether a presumptive immunity is sufficient. However, Roberts added, the president “enjoys no immunity for his unofficial acts, and not everything the President does is official. The President is not above the law. ” Roberts’s majority opinion was joined by all three justices nominated by Trump, in addition to Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel A. Alito Jr. Taking into account these competing considerations, we conclude that the separation of powers principles explicated in our precedent necessitate at least a presumptive immunity from criminal prosecution for a President’s acts within the outer perimeter of his official responsibility. The Majority Decision in Trump v. United States The majority ruled that former presidents have immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts taken while in office. Specifically: Presidents have absolute immunity for actions within their "core constitutional powers. " For other official acts, presidents have at least "presumptive immunity" from prosecution. There is no immunity for unofficial acts. The President enjoys no immunity for his unofficial acts, and not everything the President does is official. The President is not above the law. But under our system of separated powers,... - Published: 2024-06-30 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/qualified-immunity/ In the realm of civil rights litigation, few legal doctrines have sparked as much debate and controversy as qualified immunity. This judicially created doctrine serves as a powerful shield for government officials, particularly law enforcement officers, against civil lawsuits. If you have been wondering why agencies are rarely successfully sued for police shootings or jail deaths, there's a two-word answer: qualified immunity. But what exactly is qualified immunity? How does it work in practice, especially in Texas and the Fifth Circuit? And why does it matter to both law enforcement and the general public? This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive overview of qualified immunity, its application in Texas, and its implications for civil rights litigation. We'll explore the doctrine's origins, legal framework, key cases that have shaped its interpretation, and the ongoing debates surrounding its use. Whether you're a legal professional, a law enforcement officer, or simply a concerned citizen, understanding qualified immunity is crucial in today's legal landscape. What is Qualified Immunity? At its core, qualified immunity is a legal principle that protects government officials from personal liability for civil damages, as long as their actions don't violate "clearly established" statutory or constitutional rights that a reasonable person would have known about. This doctrine most often comes into play in civil rights cases, particularly those involving alleged violations of the Fourth Amendment (which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures) and the Eighth Amendment (which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment). The Supreme Court has described the purpose of qualified immunity as protecting "all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law. " This statement encapsulates the doctrine's dual aims: to hold truly bad actors accountable while shielding well-intentioned officials from the burdens of litigation for reasonable mistakes made in the line of duty. Yet, as we will discuss in this article, as a judicially created protection, it is far from clear when government entities can properly claim qualified immunity, and it is harder still for genuine victims to get relief. To quote the Fifth Circuit: Qualified immunity is a judicially created doctrine calculated to protect an officer from trial before a jury of his or her peers. At bottom lies a perception that the jury brings a risk and cost that law-enforcement officers should not face, that judges are preferred for the task—a judgment made by appellate judges. Legal Framework of Qualified Immunity To understand how qualified immunity works in practice, it's essential to grasp its legal underpinnings and the analysis courts use to apply it. Statutory Basis While qualified immunity is a judge-made doctrine, its roots lie in 42 U. S. C. § 1983, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1871. This statute provides a cause of action for individuals to sue state officials who violate their constitutional rights. However, the text of § 1983 doesn't mention immunity. Instead, courts have read qualified immunity into the statute based on common law principles and policy considerations. The Two-Prong Test When a government official asserts... > A detailed analysis of the Uvalde Police Chief Indictment for endangering a child in Texas. Here are the implications of this charge. - Published: 2024-06-29 - Modified: 2024-07-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/uvalde-police-chief-indictment/ Expert Analysis of Pete Arredondo's Indictment This week, the Washington Post contacted me regarding Unvadle School Police Chief Pete Arredondo's indictment. In many respects, the Uvalde police chief indictment is unprecedented. This article will break down the indictment for endangering a child and what we can glean from them. Background of the Indictment A Uvalde County grand jury has indicted former school district police chief Pete Arredondo and former officer Adrian Gonzales on charges of child endangerment. These are the first criminal charges against law enforcement for their inadequate response to the deadliest school shooting in Texas history, which occurred on May 24, 2022. Pete Arredondo's Indictment Your browser does not support iframes. What is an Indictment? An indictment is a grand jury's declaration that there is probable cause to proceed with a charge. Probable cause is a low level of proof, meaning there is a reasonable belief that a person has committed or is about to commit a crime. It is based on facts and circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe the suspect is involved in criminal activity. The grand jury itself is a body empowered to conduct investigations, but more commonly, it is the body that prosecutors take felony allegations to proceed as felony cases. Significance of the Indictment In this case, prosecutors in Uvalde County took these allegations to the grand jury and asked for an indictment. The grand jury agreed there was probable cause to proceed and “true billed” the indictment with ten separate counts. Each of the ten counts is identical except for the victims' names, which are redacted for purposes of this article. What is Endangering a Child in Texas? Endangering a Child in Texas - Penal Code 22. 041 Endangering a child is a felony offense in Texas. The elements of the offense are: A person commits an offense if they: Intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, By act or omission, Engage in conduct that places a child younger than 15 years in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment. To be guilty of endangering a child, a person must place the child in “imminent” danger of death, bodily injury, or impairment. "Imminent" means ready to take place, near at hand. How Does the Indictment Allege Child Endangerment? The indictment against Pete Arredondo highlights both specific actions and omissions in his role as Chief of Police during the Robb Elementary School shooting. The detailed acts and omissions demonstrate the alleged failures in leadership and decision-making that contributed to the inadequate response to the emergency, including uncoordinated efforts, delays in action, inefficient resource use, compromised officer readiness, and poor communication. Specific Acts: Arredondo did not establish an incident command post during the Robb Elementary School shooting. Arredondo delayed taking decisive action to breach the classroom where the shooter was located, resulting in a critical time lapse. Arredondo failed to coordinate effectively with other law enforcement agencies that arrived at the scene, contributing to a disorganized response.... > Officers make it sound like you have to perform field sobriety tests if you are suspected of driving while intoxicated. Can you refuse a field sobriety test? - Published: 2024-06-27 - Modified: 2025-12-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/refuse-a-field-sobriety-test/ Yes, you can refuse a field sobriety test in Texas. Unlike breath or blood tests, field sobriety tests are completely voluntary, and refusing them does not trigger automatic license suspension under Texas law. In fact, politely declining these tests is often the smartest decision you can make during a DWI stop. At Varghese Summersett, our DWI defense attorneys have reviewed thousands of DWI arrest videos. What we've found is troubling: the vast majority of officers administer these tests incorrectly. Even when you're completely sober, poorly administered tests can make you look impaired on camera. Visit our location-specific DWI pages: Denton County DWI Lawyer | Houston DWI Lawyer | Fort Bend DWI Lawyer | Fort Worth DWI Lawyer | Dallas DWI Lawyer What Are the Standardized Field Sobriety Tests? The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recognizes three standardized field sobriety tests that officers use during DWI investigations: The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) Test involves an officer moving a stimulus (usually a pen or finger) in front of your eyes while watching for involuntary jerking movements. The Walk-and-Turn Test requires you to take nine heel-to-toe steps along a straight line, turn, and take nine steps back while following specific instructions. The One-Leg Stand Test asks you to stand on one foot with the other foot raised approximately six inches off the ground for 30 seconds. These tests were developed in the 1970s and, when administered correctly under ideal conditions, have accuracy rates between 65% and 77% according to NHTSA research. However, roadside conditions are rarely ideal, and proper administration is uncommon. Why Are Field Sobriety Tests Unreliable? Field sobriety tests have significant reliability problems that most people don't understand until they're facing DWI charges. Subjective interpretation plagues these tests. Consider the Walk-and-Turn test. "Stops while walking" counts as a clue of intoxication. But what's the difference between a brief pause and a stop? That determination falls entirely to the officer's judgment. On the One-Leg Stand, "swaying while balancing" is a clue. How much movement constitutes a sway? Again, the officer decides in the moment. Administration errors are rampant. NHTSA publishes detailed protocols for each test. The HGN test alone has over a dozen specific requirements. Officers must hold the stimulus at the correct distance, move it at the proper speed, and observe for specific time periods. After reviewing thousands of DWI videos, we can confirm that officers rarely follow these protocols precisely. When they don't, the scientific validity of the results collapses. Physical conditions affect performance. Age, weight, medical conditions, inner ear problems, fatigue, nervousness, and even the type of shoes you're wearing can all impact your performance. Uneven pavement, flashing police lights, traffic noise, and weather conditions add additional challenges that have nothing to do with intoxication. What Happens If You Refuse Field Sobriety Tests? Refusing field sobriety tests is not illegal in Texas, and there is no administrative penalty like license suspension attached to that refusal. However, you should understand what may follow. The officer may still arrest you... - Published: 2024-06-26 - Modified: 2024-06-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mandatory-reporting-requirement/ Mandatory Reporting Requirement in Texas Mandatory Reporting refers to the legal obligation of individuals to report suspected cases of child abuse or neglect to the appropriate authorities. Most people think that mandatory reporting only applies to certain professionals. This is incorrect. Mandatory reporting applies to everyone in Texas. The question is really not "who" has to report? The question is really, "what" circumstances require reporting? The common misconception regarding professionals stems from the fact that certain professionals do, in fact, have a heightened duty to report, specifying how quickly they have to report, and making their duty to report non-delegable. Who has a mandatory reporting requirement in Texas? Pursuant to Family Code Section 261. 101, Texas says that any "person" who has reasonable cause to believe abuse or neglect is occurring has a duty to report it. What qualifies as abuse or neglect that falls under the mandatory reporting requirement in Texas? When the victim's "physical or mental health or welfare has been adversely affected" by abuse or neglect, the mandatory reporting requirement kicks in. What class of victims does the mandatory reporting requirement apply to in Texas? Family Code Section 261. 101 makes the mandatory reporting requirement applicable to any child. Who is a child? Family Code Section 101. 003 defines a child as: A "child" or "minor" is defined as a person under 18 years of age who: Is not and has not been married: This means the person has never been legally married. Has not had the disabilities of minority removed for general purposes: This refers to legal emancipation, where a court has granted the minor adult status for most legal purposes, effectively removing the legal disabilities associated with being a minor. How strong does the belief have to be? In 2021, Texas changed this law from "cause to believe" to "reasonable cause to believe. " This was to limit the circumstances under which an applicable professional or other person has a duty to report child abuse or neglect. The duty to report now applies only when the professional or person has reasonable cause to believe that reportable conduct has occurred. A person who, with due diligence and in good faith, timely determines whether they are required to make a report does not commit an offense if they reasonably determine they lack reasonable cause to make the report. The bill expressly states that a person is not required to act with due diligence to determine whether a report must be made. Texas Law on Mandatory Reporting in Detail Who Must Report In Texas, mandatory reporting requirements are outlined primarily in the Texas Family Code. Here are key aspects: Who is Required to Report: General Public: Texas law requires any person who suspects child abuse or neglect to report it. This means that everyone, regardless of their profession, has a duty to report. See Texas Family Code § 261. 101(a). Professionals: Certain professionals, such as teachers, doctors, nurses, daycare employees, and others who work with children, have a... > This post-divorce checklist will help you navigate life after separation and ensure your financial, legal, and personal matters are in order. - Published: 2024-06-26 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/post-divorce-checklist/ Divorce marks the beginning of a new chapter in your life. As you navigate this transition, it's crucial to take proactive steps to ensure your financial, legal, and personal matters are in order. At Varghese Summersett, we understand that the aftermath of divorce can be overwhelming. That's why we've compiled this comprehensive post-divorce checklist to help you regain control and move forward with confidence. Post-Divorce Checklist 1. Open New Bank Accounts or Update Existing Ones Gain financial independence by opening new bank accounts or removing your former spouse from any joint accounts. This guarantees that your financial resources are secure and solely under your control. Taking this important step will help you manage your finances more effectively and confidently. 2. Change All Passwords Protect your digital security by changing all passwords. This includes passwords for your email, social media, online banking and any other services you use. It's important to use strong, unique passwords to safeguard your personal information. 3. Secure Your Home If you are retaining the marital residence, change all the locks and garage codes. This step is crucial for safety and peace of mind. 4. Monitor Your Finances Establish a clear spending plan and monitor your income and any expenses your ex-spounse was responsible for and that you now must handle. Regularly review your financial statements to stay on top of your financial health. 5. Finalize Retirement Accounts If your retirement accounts have been divided, make sure all Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDROs) are complete. At Varghese Summersett, we are one of the few firms in Texas that specialize in QDROs, and we would be happy to handle this aspect of divorce for you. This is also an excellent time to consult with a financial advisor to help you plan for your financial future. 6. Update Titles on Assets Change the titles on all assets awarded to you in the Final Decree, such as cars and houses. Notify any relevant financing companies of these changes to avoid any future complications. 7. Prepare New Estate Planning Documents Draft new Wills and Trust Documents, including a Durable General Power of Attorney and Medical Power of Attorney. This ensures that your estate planning reflects your new circumstances and wishes. 8. Close Joint Credit Card Accounts Ensure that all joint credit card accounts are closed. This prevents your former spouse from incurring any debt in your name and helps you manage your finances independently. 9. Update Utility Bills Change the name on all utility bills to reflect who is now responsible. This includes electricity, water, gas, internet, and any other services tied to your residence. 10. Obtain New Auto Insurance Get a new personal auto insurance policy that aligns with your current situation. This is crucial for your protection and compliance with the law. 11. Change Beneficiaries Update the beneficiaries on your life insurance policies, 401(k), pensions, and IRA accounts. Ensure that these important assets are designated according to your current wishes. 12. Update Your Mailing Address If you have moved... > The Supreme Court handed down its decision in United States v. Rahimi. Does it clarify when restrictions can be placed on Second Amendment rights? - Published: 2024-06-23 - Modified: 2024-06-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/united-states-v-rahimi/ United States v. Rahimi On June 21, 2024, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in United States v. Rahimi. Rahimi took a step back from the implications of the Supreme Court's 2022 decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Assn. , Inc. v. Bruen. While there was only one dissent in Rahimi, five of the eight justices in the majority wrote their own opinion. The Rahimi opinion does little to clarify how courts should address other Second Amendment restrictions. Background of the Case The facts giving rise to the Rahimi decision arise right here in Tarrant County. On February 5, 2020, Zackery Rahimi agreed to a protective order issued by the 324th District Court in Tarrant County. The order, which lasted for two years, acknowledged that family violence had occurred and was likely to recur. It also prohibited Rahimi from possessing firearms during its term. State Authority to Issue Domestic Violence Protective Orders Restricting Second Amendment Rights Under Chapter 85 of the Texas Family Code, a court has the authority to issue a protective order to safeguard victims of family violence. When issuing a protective order, the court can either approve an agreed order or adjudicate a contested one. An agreed protective order arises when all parties consent to the terms without requiring a judicial determination of family violence, streamlining the process and avoiding litigation. Conversely, a contested protective order necessitates a court hearing where evidence is presented, and the judge must find that family violence has occurred and is likely to occur in the future. To issue a protective order under the Texas Family Code, the court must make two key findings: Family Violence Has Occurred: The court must determine that family violence has occurred. This involves reviewing evidence or testimony to conclude that an act of violence, abuse, or threat of violence has been committed by a family or household member against another. Family Violence Is Likely to Occur in the Future: The court must also find that there is a likelihood of family violence occurring in the future. This assessment considers the history of violence, the behavior of the respondent, and any other relevant factors indicating the potential for future harm. Protective orders like this are enforceable both civilly and criminally. Firearm Prohibition for Individuals Subject to Domestic Violence Protective Orders - 18 USC 922(g)(8) Federal law under 18 USC 922(g)(8) makes it unlawful for individuals under such orders to possess firearms. "It shall be unlawful for any person— (8) who is subject to a court order that— (A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate; (B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable fear of bodily injury to the partner or child; and (C) (i) includes a finding that such person... > Julie Chrisley's sentence was reversed to exclude conduct from 2006. Here's a breakdown of what the Julie Chrisley resentencing will look like. - Published: 2024-06-23 - Modified: 2024-06-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/julie-chrisley-resentencing/ Julie Chrisley, a reality TV star known for "Chrisley Knows Best," has had her fraud sentence vacated by an appeals court. In this article, we will discuss what the Julie Chrisley resentencing will look like. Background of the Case Julie Chrisley and her husband, Todd Chrisley, were convicted of various charges, including bank fraud, tax evasion, and conspiracy to defraud the IRS. The district court sentenced Julie to 84 months in prison, attributing her the entire loss amount of the bank fraud conspiracy. However, upon appeal, the higher court took issue with the district court's handling of the loss calculations and the evidence supporting Julie's involvement before 2007, based largely on the government's concession on appeal. Key Facts and Findings Involvement in the Conspiracy The central issue was determining the period during which Julie Chrisley was actively involved in the conspiracy. The district court adopted the factual findings that Julie was involved from 2006 to 2012. This was based on the presentence investigation report and the court's observations during the trial. Lack of Evidence for 2006 The appeals court found that while there was sufficient evidence to prove Julie's involvement from 2007 onward, there was a lack of specific evidence to show her participation in 2006. Testimony and documents primarily indicated her active role starting in 2007. For instance, Special Agent Ryskoski's testimony, which suggested Julie's involvement "the entire time," was insufficient without concrete evidence supporting the claim for 2006. Government's Concession on Appeal The government's brief conceded that the evidence showed Julie's participation from 2007, not 2006. This concession played a significant role in the appeals court's decision to vacate the sentence and remand the case for re-evaluation of the loss, restitution, and forfeiture amounts attributable to Julie Chrisley. Appeals Court Decision The appeals court's decision highlighted several critical points: Need for Specific Findings The court emphasized the necessity for specific factual findings to support the loss calculations. The district court's failure to identify its basis for including losses from 2006 made appellate review impossible. Evidence Evaluation The court noted that while sufficient evidence supported Julie's involvement from 2007, the district court and the government did not direct to any specific evidence showing her involvement in 2006. The evidence, such as proceeds from fraudulently obtained loans and testimonies, indicated her role starting in 2007. Implications for Sentencing The court vacated Julie's sentence and remanded the case to the district court to make detailed factual findings and calculations regarding the loss amount. This remand aimed to ensure that the loss, restitution, and forfeiture amounts accurately reflected the period of Julie's involvement in the conspiracy. Will it make a difference in Julie's sentence? To answer that question, we need to first discuss how federal sentences are determined and what the effect of removing her from any activity in 2006 will have on her sentence. Federal Sentencing Guidelines: An Overview Federal sentences are primarily guided by the United States Sentencing Guidelines (USSG), which provide a framework for judges to determine appropriate sentences... - Published: 2024-06-22 - Modified: 2024-08-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/diaz-v-united-states/ Diaz v. United States: Gorsuch's Dissent Takes Center Stage On June 20, 2024, the United States Supreme Court issued a 6-3 ruling in the case of Diaz v. United States, upholding the conviction of Delilah Guadalupe Diaz for drug trafficking. While the majority opinion, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, affirmed the lower court's decision, it's Justice Neil Gorsuch's forceful dissent that has captured significant attention. Diaz at a Glance Diaz was convicted of importing over 54 pounds of methamphetamine across the U. S. -Mexico border. The key issue in her appeal centered on the testimony of a government expert witness, who stated that "most drug couriers know they are carrying drugs. " Diaz argued that this testimony violated Federal Rule of Evidence 704(b), which prohibits expert witnesses from opining on a defendant's mental state in criminal cases. The Rule provides: Exception. In a criminal case, an expert witness must not state an opinion about whether the defendant did or did not have a mental state or condition that constitutes an element of the crime charged or of a defense. Those matters are for the trier of fact alone. The Majority Opinion Justice Thomas, writing for the majority, concluded that the expert's testimony did not violate Rule 704(b) because it spoke about drug couriers in general, rather than Diaz specifically. The Court held that an opinion about "most people" in a group is not equivalent to an opinion about the defendant's mental state. Gorsuch's Dissent: A Powerful Critique Justice Gorsuch, joined by Justices Sotomayor and Kagan, penned a scathing dissent that has garnered significant attention. He argued that the majority's decision effectively gives prosecutors a "powerful new tool" that undermines the intent of Rule 704(b). "Prosecutors can now put an expert on the stand, someone who apparently has the convenient ability to read minds, and let him hold forth on what 'most' people like the defendant think when they commit a legally proscribed act. Then, the government need do no more than urge the jury to find that the defendant is like 'most' people and convict. " Implications for Prosecutorial Power Gorsuch's dissent raises important questions about the balance of power in criminal trials and the role of expert testimony. He argues that the majority's interpretation of Rule 704(b) allows prosecutors to circumvent the rule's intent, potentially infringing on defendants' rights and the proper role of juries in determining mental state. Broader Context: Prosecutorial Discretion and Power This case touches on ongoing debates about the extent of prosecutorial power in the American justice system. Critics have long argued that prosecutors wield too much influence, from charging decisions to plea bargaining tactics. Gorsuch's dissent adds fuel to this discussion, suggesting that the Court's decision further tips the scales in favor of prosecutors. Looking Ahead While Diaz v. United States specifically addresses the interpretation of Rule 704(b), its implications could be far-reaching. The decision may influence how expert testimony is used in criminal trials and could potentially lead to calls for legislative action... > Allegations of criminal activity come up in family law cases. Learn more about the intersection of family and criminal law in Texas - Published: 2024-06-20 - Modified: 2024-06-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/intersection-of-family-and-criminal-law/ The Intersection of Family and Criminal Law Family law and criminal law are two areas of the legal system that often intersect in complex and challenging ways. In Texas, The Intersection of Family and Criminal Law in Texas is particularly evident in cases involving allegations of abuse and assault, drug use and intoxication, and cases involving DFPS - the Department of Family Protective Services (commonly known as CPS or Child Protective Services). Understanding these intersections is crucial for those navigating the legal landscape to protect their rights and the best interests of their children. Domestic Violence and Allegations in Divorces Domestic violence is a serious issue that can significantly impact divorce proceedings. In Texas, allegations of domestic violence can influence decisions regarding child custody, visitation rights, and even the division of marital property. Allegations of threats, domestic violence, and sexual assault come up in the context of divorce and family cases in Texas. Victim Visa and Allegations in Divorce In cases where the victim of domestic violence is an immigrant, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) allows them to apply for a special visa, known as the U visa, which provides legal status and work authorization. This visa can be a crucial lifeline for victims seeking to escape abusive relationships. However, allegations of domestic violence during a divorce can complicate the process, and it's essential for victims to have experienced legal representation to navigate both family and immigration courts effectively. Sexual Assault Allegations During a Divorce Sexual assault allegations, whether made by adults or children, can profoundly impact divorce proceedings. Such accusations are taken extremely seriously by the courts due to the severe nature of the offense and the potential harm to the victims. If one spouse is accused of sexual assault, it can lead to immediate protective orders, restricting the accused's contact with the alleged victim and any children involved. These allegations can influence custody decisions, often resulting in supervised visitation or complete denial of custody to ensure the safety and well-being of the children. CPS Investigations and the Impact on Divorce Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations can play a significant role in divorce proceedings, especially when allegations of child abuse or neglect are involved. CPS Involvement CPS may become involved if there are allegations of child abuse, neglect, or domestic violence. The outcome of a CPS investigation can influence custody and visitation arrangements. If CPS finds evidence of abuse or neglect, the court may restrict the offending parent's access to the child or require supervised visitation. False Reports False reports to CPS can also be used as a tactic in contentious divorces. These false reports can lead to unnecessary investigations and legal battles. It's crucial for the accused parent to work with both family law and criminal defense attorneys to address the allegations and protect their parental rights. Impact on Custody and Visitation When one spouse accuses the other of assault, domestic violence, or a matter affecting a child, the court prioritizes the safety and well-being of the... > A Texas divorce receiver is a neutral third party appointed by the court to manage, preserve and even sell marital property and assets during contentious divorces. Learn more. - Published: 2024-06-20 - Modified: 2025-12-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-receiver-in-a-texas-divorce/ Divorce proceedings can be complex, especially when significant assets and joint property is involved. In some Texas divorce cases, the court may appoint a "divorce receiver" to manage, protect, and sometimes sell marital assets, especially property or real estate. In this article, we explain the role of a receiver in a Texas divorce case, when appointing one becomes necessary, and how they can impact your divorce proceedings. At Varghese Summersett, we are fortunate to have an experienced divorce receiver on our team — Attorney Michael A. Livens is appointed by courts in Tarrant, Dallas, and the surrounding counties. What is a Divorce Receiver in Texas Divorce Proceedings? A receiver is a neutral third party appointed by the court to manage specific assets or property during a legal dispute, such as a divorce. Their primary role is to ensure that assets are managed fairly and equitably until the court reaches a final decision. Unlike mediators or arbitrators, receivers have the authority to take control of, collect, and sometimes even sell the assets in question. In the context of a Texas divorce, a receiver can manage anything from a jointly-owned business to real estate and financial accounts. Their involvement ensures neither party can misuse or deplete the assets, preserving their value for equitable distribution. When is a Divorce Receiver Appointed? The court does not appoint a receiver in every divorce case. Typically, a receiver is called in under specific circumstances where asset management becomes a contentious issue. Here are some situations where the court may find it necessary to appoint a receiver: High-Value Assets When a divorce involves high-value assets, such as businesses, significant real estate holdings, or substantial financial portfolios, the court might appoint a receiver to ensure these are managed appropriately. High-value assets often have complex financial structures that need expert management to preserve their value. Contentious Divorces In cases where the divorcing parties cannot agree on how to manage their joint assets, a receiver can step in to take control. This prevents either party from making unilateral decisions that could negatively impact the asset's value or the other party’s interests. Risk of Asset Dissipation If there is evidence that one spouse might dissipate or hide assets, the court may appoint a receiver to protect those assets. This ensures that all assets are available for equitable distribution, preventing any unfair advantage. Why Are Receivers Appointed? Receivers are appointed for several reasons, all aimed at ensuring fairness and equity in the management of marital assets. For example, a court may appoint a receiver if one of the parties is not complying with court order regarding property division. This could happen if one party is preventing the property from being sold or managed properly. Here’s a closer look at why the court might decide to bring in a receiver: Preventing Mismanagement One of the primary reasons for appointing a divorce receiver is to prevent asset mismanagement. In contentious divorces, emotions can run high, leading to poor financial decisions. A receiver ensures that... > Injured while attending a Texas rodeo? Here's what you need to know about rodeo spectator injuries and how a personal injury lawyer can help. Call 817-203-2220 - Published: 2024-06-20 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/rodeo-spectator-injuries/ Rodeos are an integral part of Texas culture, where excitement and tradition collide. Whether you're a spectator or a participant, there's no denying that rodeos offer a thrilling experience filled with heart-pounding moments. However, this event doesn't come without risks. For cowboys and cowgirls, the possibility of getting injured at a rodeo comes with the job. But what about the spectators? What happens if they get hurt? One of the most dangerous scenarios is when a bull escapes the arena and charges into the crowd, causing pandemonium and potential injuries to those in its path. This frightening situation occurred in Oregon recently and more than two decades ago right here in Fort Worth, Texas, where our law firm is headquartered. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain common spectator rodeo injuries, who could be liable for bull or animal escapes, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. If you have been injured or a loved one killed at a Texas rodeo or at the Forth Worth Stock Show & Rodeo, it’s important to seek help from an experienced personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. Common Rodeo Spectator Injuries and How They Occur Rodeos are thrilling events that attract large crowds eager to witness the excitement of bull riding, barrel racing, and other high-energy competitions. However, the excitement of a rodeo can sometimes come with risks, especially for spectators. Here's a look at some of the most common rodeo spectator injuries and how they occur: Sprains How They Occur: Sprains are common when spectators trip or fall while navigating crowded stands or uneven terrain. Ankle sprains can happen when stepping on unstable ground, while wrist sprains might result from trying to break a fall. Concussions How They Occur: Concussions can occur from a blow to the head, such as being hit by a flying object like a stray piece of equipment or debris from the arena. They can also result from falls where the head strikes the ground or another hard surface. Lacerations How They Occur: Lacerations, or deep cuts, can happen in various ways at a rodeo. Spectators might suffer lacerations from sharp edges on seating, fencing, or other structures, or from accidents involving animals or equipment. Bone Fractures How They Occur: Bone fractures can result from falls from heights, such as bleachers, or being pushed or jostled in a crowded area. They can also occur if a spectator is struck by an animal or heavy object. Trampling Injuries How They Occur: In the event of a panic or rush, such as if an animal breaks free and enters the spectator area, people might be knocked over and trampled by other spectators. These situations can lead to severe injuries, including fractures, internal injuries, and more. Heat Exhaustion and Dehydration How They Occur: Texas rodeos often take place in hot weather, and prolonged exposure... - Published: 2024-06-17 - Modified: 2025-05-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/state-v-heath/ State v. Heath: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Clarifies Discovery Obligations On June 12, 2024, the Court of Criminal Appeals handed down its decision in Heath v. State. The State v. Heath decision affirmed that Texas law by statute requires prosecutors to disclose all relevant evidence in the possession of the State, regardless of whether the prosecutor had knowledge of the evidence. This post explores what that means, why it is important, how it fits in with existing case law, and where prosecutors and defense lawyers go from here. Case Background In 2016, Dwayne Robert Heath was indicted for injury to a child. Heath's defense counsel requested discovery materials from prosecutors. A crucial 911 call recording, held by law enforcement since the incident, was disclosed only six days before the fourth scheduled trial date in 2018. Heath's attorney moved to suppress the 911 call, citing late disclosure. The trial court agreed, excluding the evidence. The State appealed, ultimately leading to review by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. Key Legal Questions Scope of "The State": Does "the state" include law enforcement agencies or only prosecutors? Timing of Disclosure: Does disclosure "as soon as practicable" depend on the prosecutor's knowledge of the evidence? Remedies for Non-Disclosure: Can a court exclude evidence not timely disclosed without showing bad faith or prejudice? Court's Ruling The Court ruled that "the state" includes both prosecutors and law enforcement agencies. Disclosure must occur as soon as reasonably possible, without needing prosecutor's actual knowledge. Trial courts can exclude untimely disclosed evidence even without bad faith or prejudice shown, emphasizing state due diligence. Dissenting Opinion Judge Keel, joined by Presiding Judge Keller and Judge Yeary, dissented. They argued that "the state" should not automatically include law enforcement, suggesting that the majority opinion could cause confusion and unintended outcomes. Implications This decision emphasizes proactive communication between prosecutors and law enforcement to ensure timely evidence disclosure. It clarifies that responsibility for compliance extends beyond prosecutors, potentially impacting admissibility of key evidence if discovery obligations are not met promptly. Defense attorneys gain strengthened grounds for challenging evidence admissibility based on disclosure timing. Read the full opinion here: State v. Heath, No. PD-0156-22 The Power and Responsibility of Prosecutors When a prosecutor stands up in court and says they represent the State of Texas, they do exactly that. Prosecutors have all the powers inherent to the state—endless budgets for investigation combining local law enforcement with the investigative powers of the grand jury and prosecutors' own investigators. They also bear the responsibility of knowing everything the state has collected and has in its possession. The prosecution also bears the responsibility of turning over all relevant information. Criminal Discovery Backdrop: 39. 14 and the Michael Morton Act Prior to the Michael Morton Act, the right to discovery in criminal cases in Texas was quite limited. At the time, Article 39. 14 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure allowed for a more limited scope of discovery in criminal cases: Limited Discovery Rights Defense attorneys... > Did you or a loved one sustain concert injuries in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2024-06-16 - Modified: 2024-06-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-concert-injuries/ Concert injuries and deaths have become increasingly common in recent years. The terrifying images of the crowd crush at the Astroworld Music Festival in November 2021 that resulted in hundreds of injuries and ten deaths remain etched in our minds. When masses of people gather, injuries are not uncommon. However, event organizers, performers, and venues are responsible for ensuring a safe experience for all attendees. When they fail in this duty, resulting in catastrophic or even fatal injuries, it is essential to hold these parties responsible. If you have been injured or a loved one killed at a concert, festival, or another large event in Texas, it’s important to seek help from an experienced personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain common concert injuries, who could be liable for accidents, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Common Injuries Sustained at Concerts, Festivals, and Large Events Attending concerts, festivals, and large events should be an enjoyable experience. Unfortunately, these gatherings can sometimes lead to accidents and injuries. Here are common concert injuries and scenarios of how they occur. Common Injuries Bone Fractures: Crowded areas and the possibility of falls or being pushed can lead to broken bones. Stages, platforms, and uneven ground increase this risk. Head Injuries: Falling objects, such as stage equipment or decorations, can cause severe head injuries. Additionally, being knocked over or trampled can result in concussions or other head trauma. Heatstroke: Prolonged exposure to the sun and inadequate hydration can lead to heatstroke, especially in outdoor venues with limited shade and water availability. Trampling Injuries: Overcrowded events and sudden rushes of people can result in attendees being trampled, leading to bruises, cuts, broken bones, and internal injuries. Sprains and Strains: The physical activity associated with dancing or moving in large crowds can result in sprained ankles, strained muscles, and other related injuries. How These Injuries Can Occur Overcrowding: When too many people are allowed into a venue, it can lead to crushing incidents, as seen in the Astroworld tragedy. Overcrowding increases the risk of falls, trampling, and other injuries. Poor Venue Maintenance: Uneven flooring, broken railings, and other maintenance issues can cause attendees to trip and fall, resulting in injuries. Inadequate Security: Insufficient or poorly trained security staff may fail to manage crowds effectively, leading to chaotic situations where people can get hurt. Lack of Safety Measures: Failure to implement and enforce safety protocols, such as proper barriers, signage, and emergency exits, can exacerbate the risk of injury. Weather Conditions: Outdoor events are particularly susceptible to weather-related hazards. Strong winds can cause structures to collapse, while extreme heat can lead to dehydration and heatstroke. Negligent Behavior: Performers' encouragement of rowdy behavior or a lack of crowd control can lead to dangerous situations where attendees are at risk of injury. If you or a... > On Jun 14, 2024, the Supreme Court Bump Stock decision was handed down, changing the state of the law in the United States. Does it foreshadow future decisions? - Published: 2024-06-15 - Modified: 2024-06-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/supreme-court-bump-stock-decision/ Introduction On June 14, 2024, the U. S. Supreme Court issued a significant decision in the case of Garland v. Cargill, striking down the federal ban on bump stocks. The Supreme Court bump stock decision, coming in at a 6-3 ruling, marked a pivotal moment in the ongoing debate over firearm regulations in the United States. Background of the Case Bump stocks are attachments that enable semi-automatic rifles to fire at speeds comparable to automatic weapons, releasing hundreds of rounds per minute. The national debate over these devices intensified after the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, where a gunman used bump stocks to perpetrate the deadliest mass shooting in modern U. S. history, resulting in 60 deaths and over 500 injuries. In response, the Trump administration in 2018 reclassified bump stocks as machine guns, mandating their destruction or surrender to the ATF—a reversal from earlier interpretations that did not uniformly classify bump stocks as machine guns. The Case Michael Cargill, a U. S. Army veteran and Austin gun store owner, became a central figure in challenging this rule after surrendering two bump stocks. His lawsuit, which the U. S. Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit supported, led to the Supreme Court's review. The Supreme Court's decision, affirming the 5th Circuit, concluded that the ATF's 2018 rule overstepped its authority under federal law. Details of the Supreme Court's Ruling The Supreme Court ruled that the ATF exceeded its statutory authority by classifying bump stocks as machine guns. Justice Clarence Thomas, writing for the majority, argued that bump stocks do not make a semi-automatic rifle fire automatically as defined by law since the trigger must function separately for each round fired, contrary to the continuous firing mechanism of machine guns. Dissenting Opinion Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson, penned a forceful dissent. She argued that the majority's interpretation dangerously narrows the definition of machine guns and disregards the practical realities of how bump stocks enable rapid, continuous fire. Justice Sotomayor warned that this decision could lead to "deadly consequences," echoing concerns about potential increases in mass shootings facilitated by such devices. Implications of the Decision This ruling significantly impacts the regulatory landscape: The decision lifts the federal ban on bump stocks in 35 states that do not have their own corresponding laws, potentially leading to a resurgence in their use. At least 15 states along with the District of Columbia maintain their bans, which will likely remain in force. Public and Political Reaction The decision has been met with substantial criticism from gun control advocates who warn of the potential increase in mass shootings facilitated by such devices. In response, there are calls for Congress to enact legislation specifically banning bump stocks. Are Bump Stocks Legal in Texas? Bump stocks are legal in Texas. Although there was significant national discussion about banning these devices following the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, Texas has not passed any state-specific legislation banning the possession, sale, or use of bump stocks.... > Texas Blue Laws restrict when liquor, beer, wine, and cars can be sold in Texas. - Published: 2024-06-12 - Modified: 2026-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-blue-laws/ Texas blue laws restrict when you can buy alcohol and cars in the state. Liquor stores are closed on Sundays, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day. Beer and wine can be purchased from 10 a. m. to midnight on Sundays at grocery and convenience stores, while car dealerships must close on either Saturday or Sunday. These laws date back centuries and reflect Texas's religious and cultural heritage. While many blue laws have been repealed, alcohol and automobile sales restrictions remain firmly in place under the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code, Chapter 105 and Texas Transportation Code Section 728. 002. What Are Blue Laws and Why Do They Exist in Texas? Blue laws are regulations that restrict certain commercial activities on specific days, traditionally Sundays. The name may come from laws originally printed on blue paper, or from the word "blue" being used as a derogatory term for puritanical regulations. William G. Harper's "A Short History of the Texas Blue Laws" documents that these restrictions date back to the 17th and 18th centuries in American colonies. The laws encouraged church attendance by limiting secular activities on Sundays. Texas enacted its original blue law in 1961, restricting the sale of 42 specific items on consecutive weekend days. These included clothing, home appliances, tools, furniture, sporting goods, and electronics. The state repealed most of these restrictions in 1985, but alcohol and car sales regulations remain. When Can You Buy Alcohol in Texas? Texas regulates alcohol sales differently depending on the type of beverage. The Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code sets specific hours for purchasing beer, wine, and liquor throughout the week. Beer and Wine Sales Hours You can purchase beer and wine at grocery stores, convenience stores, and other licensed retailers during these hours: Monday through Friday: 7:00 a. m. to midnight Saturday: 7:00 a. m. to 1:00 a. m. Sunday: 10:00 a. m. to midnight Liquor Store Hours Liquor stores in Texas operate under stricter regulations: Monday through Saturday: 10:00 a. m. to 9:00 p. m. Sunday: Closed (no liquor store sales) Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day: Closed Can You Buy Alcohol on Sunday in Texas? Yes, but only beer and wine. Liquor stores must remain closed on Sundays. Bars and restaurants can serve alcoholic beverages after noon on Sundays. Beer and wine sales at grocery and convenience stores begin at 10:00 a. m. on Sundays. This is later than the 7:00 a. m. start time during weekdays. Sales continue until midnight. If you're caught driving after drinking, you could face serious consequences. Texas DWI laws carry penalties including jail time, fines, and license suspension. The open container laws in Texas also prohibit having open alcoholic beverages in a vehicle. What Time Does Texas Stop Selling Alcohol? Cutoff times depend on the day and type of beverage: Liquor: Sales end at 9:00 p. m. Monday through Saturday Beer and Wine: Sales end at midnight Sunday through Friday, 1:00 a. m. on Saturday Bars and Restaurants: Last call is typically 2:00 a.... > This guide to juvenile defense in Texas provides an overview of key aspects of the juvenile justice system, from initial intake to potential sentencing. - Published: 2024-06-11 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/juvenile/texas-juvenile-defense-guide/ Comprehensive Guide to Juvenile Defense in Texas Navigating the complexities of juvenile law in Texas can be challenging for juveniles and their families. This comprehensive guide to juvenile defense in Texas provides an overview of key aspects of the juvenile justice system, from initial intake to potential sentencing, and offers links to additional resources for those seeking more detailed information. https://youtu. be/HMdV8Bl3HYc Who is a “Child” for Juvenile Court in Texas? Whether a child is subject to the jurisdiction of a juvenile court depends on their age. For juvenile law purposes, the Texas Family Code defines a “child” as a person who is: 10 years or older and under 17; or 17 years or older and under 18, who is alleged or found to have engaged in delinquent conduct or conduct indicating a need for supervision as a result of acts committed before turning 17. (Texas Family Code §51. 02(2)) A juvenile court typically loses its jurisdiction to handle any juvenile case when a person turns 18. Although children under 10 cannot be prosecuted for committing crimes, the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) may provide services for children as young as seven who are at risk of getting into trouble and for the children’s families. (Texas Family Code §264. 302) Juvenile Offenses Juvenile offenses can generally be categorized as delinquent conduct, Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision, and traffic offenses. Delinquent Conduct Delinquent conduct refers to actions, other than traffic offenses, that violate a criminal law of Texas or the United States and are punishable by imprisonment or confinement in jail. (Texas Family Code §51. 03(a)(1)) Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision (CINS) CINS involves actions, other than traffic offenses, which include: Running away Inhalant abuse Expulsion from school Prostitution Sexting (Texas Family Code §51. 03(b)) Traffic Offenses For juveniles, traffic offenses specifically exclude jailable offenses, such as racing on highways. (Texas Family Code §51. 02(16)) Understanding Juvenile Defense in Texas Juvenile defense in Texas requires a deep understanding of the state's legal framework, which differs significantly from adult criminal law. Juveniles are treated with the goal of rehabilitation rather than punishment, although serious offenses can lead to severe consequences. Our Fort Worth Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer put together this page to help you under key aspects the juvenile justice system. Taking a Child into Custody Juvenile Processing Office If a peace officer decides to take a child into custody, they may transport the child to an officially designated juvenile processing office, where the juvenile may be kept for up to six hours. (§52. 025(d), F. C. ) Permitted Reasons for Detention A child may be detained in a juvenile processing office only for: Returning the child to a parent or other responsible adult Completion of essential forms and records Photographing and fingerprinting of the child if authorized Issuance of a warning to the child as required by law Taking a statement from the child (§52. 025(b), F. C. ) Conditions of Detention A juvenile processing office is... - Published: 2024-06-08 - Modified: 2024-08-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/morals-clauses-and-criminal-charges/ What happens when you get arrested while you have a morals clause? Many corporate officers, entertainers, and athletes have morals clauses. In this article, we explore what happens when you are arrested while you have a morals clause. We will go through everything we can do to try to help save your contract. What is a Morals Clause? A morals clause is a provision in a contract that requires an individual to adhere to certain standards of behavior. These clauses are often included in employment contracts, especially for high-profile positions such as entertainers, athletes, executives, and public figures. The primary purpose of a morals clause is to protect the employer's reputation and business interests by ensuring that their employees or representatives do not engage in conduct that could be considered unethical, illegal, or damaging to the company's image. When Do Employment Contracts Have Morals Clauses? Employment contracts typically include morals clauses in situations where the employee's personal conduct could significantly impact the employer's brand, reputation, or business. Common contexts where morals clauses are found include: Entertainment and Sports: Actors, musicians, athletes, and other public figures whose actions are closely scrutinized by the media and public. Corporate Executives: High-level executives and key employees whose actions could affect the company's reputation and shareholder confidence. Public Figures and Influencers: Individuals whose public image is integral to their role and the entities they represent. Teachers and Coaches: Professionals in roles that serve as role models and have a duty to uphold certain ethical standards. Student-Athletes: NIL (Name, Image, and Likeness) contracts often include moral clauses. These clauses are designed to protect the reputation of the businesses and organizations that enter into agreements with student-athletes. What Happens if You Are Being Investigated and You Have a Morals Clause? If someone makes an accusation against you, there are a number of things we will do. First and foremost, we want to avoid an arrest if at all possible. This is difficult for many reasons. First and foremost, you can be arrested on just probable cause - which is just facts that suggest an offense took place. As a result, just a person saying something happened is often enough to result in an arrest, particularly for allegations of assault or sexual assault. Nonetheless, we are experienced at have conversations to try to get detectives to consider other evidence (although never your own statement) such as video evidence, receipts, other witness statements, mitigation evidence, and evidence as to the alleged victim's motivations, such as this is nothing more than a money grab. We also meet with prosecutors who might be in a position to accept or reject the case. While they may take the official position that every case is handled the same and they won't have any direct input on whether the case is filed or not, we know this is only partially true. Moreover, we must do this to prevent what often happens: police and prosecutors trying to overcompensate this idea that "everyone is treated the... > The admissability of rap lyrics in criminal trials is a contentious issue, raising questions about free speech, artistic expression and potential racial bias. Learn more. - Published: 2024-06-06 - Modified: 2024-06-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/rap-lyrics-in-criminal-trials/ Young Thug, a prominent rapper, is currently on trial in Atlanta, two years after being arrested for racketeering and gang-related charges. His high-profile trial—which began in November and is expected to last several more months—is already the longest in Georgia history. The trial has been marred with lengthy delays and complications, partly because prosecutors want to use Young Thug's rap lyrics as evidence that he led a criminal street gang responsible for murders, shootings, and carjackings dating back to 2012. Defense attorneys, meanwhile, argue that his lyrics are artistic expression protected by the First Amendment and should not be used as evidence. So far, prosecutors have had some success in getting Young Thug's lyrics in front of the jury, but only time will tell how much weight this evidence will carry in the final verdict. The case has sparked a broader debate about the intersection of art and law, with many in the music industry and civil rights groups watching closely. They argue that using rap lyrics in criminal trials as evidence sets a dangerous precedent that could stifle creative expression and disproportionately impact artists from marginalized communities. As the trial progresses, it remains a pivotal moment not only for Young Thug but also for the wider conversation about free speech and the criminal justice system. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett discuss the case and the controversy and arguments surrounding the use of rap lyrics as evidence in criminal trials and prosecutions in the United States. Background On Young Thug’s Criminal Charges On May 9, 2022, Young Thug, whose real name is Jeffery Lamar Williams, and 27 alleged members of the street criminal gang, Young Slime Life (YSL), were arrested for conspiring to violate Georgia's Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) and participating in criminal street gang activity. The 88-page indictment accused Young Thug of co-founding and leading YSL, which prosecutors allege is a gang affiliated with the Bloods. Prosecutors also allege that YSL - the acronym for the rapper's label, Young Stoner Life Records - also stands for "Young Slime Life" gang. Specific charges against Young Thug include renting a car used in a 2015 murder, possession of illegal drugs and firearms, and additional charges stemming from a raid on his Buckhead home. A total of 28 people, including Young Thug, were charged in a 56-count indictment related to YSL's alleged criminal activities. Other co-defendants include: Gunna, whose real name is Sergio Kitchens, and Slimelife Shawty, whose name is Wunnie Lee, were both charged with one count of racketeering conspiracy and negotiated plea deals in the case. Walter Murphy and Trontavious Stephens - two other people charged with co-founding YSL with Young Thug - have pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges. Marquavius Huey, Deamonte "Yak Gotti" Kendrick, Quamavrious Nichols, Roalius Ryan and Shannon Stillwill are also defendants. What Is The RICO Act? The RICO Act, or the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, is a federally mandated law that aims to combat the presence of organized... > How much insurance should you have? That's definitely a question you want to answer before you have the need to make a claim. Learn more here. - Published: 2024-06-04 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-much-insurance/ "How much insurance should I have? " This is a question that you'd much rather ask before you need coverage than after a loss. As a personal injury lawyer, one of the worst situations we see is when a person is struck by an uninsured or underinsured motorist and the victim does not have a policy that will cover the damages. Think about it for a second: Texas mandates you get insurance to cover others. Shouldn't you take it upon yourself to make sure you are covered in any situation? While the specific answer to how much insurance you should have depends on your unique situation, there are key types and amounts of coverage every Texan needs to protect themselves financially, their loved ones, and their assets. Texas has special considerations compared to other states, from minimum auto insurance requirements to increased risks from severe weather. In this guide, we will break down the must-have policies, explain how to determine the right coverage levels for your needs, and share insider tips to get the best protection at the lowest rates, all in plain, easy-to-understand language. If you want to safeguard your finances as a Texas resident, you've come to the right place. Minimum Car Insurance Coverage in Texas In Texas, state law requires all drivers to maintain at least the following minimum levels of liability insurance coverage: Bodily Injury Liability: $30,000 per person and $60,000 per accident Property Damage Liability: $25,000 per accident These minimum requirements - often referred to as 30/65/25 - help ensure drivers have coverage for injuries and damages they might cause in an accident. However, individual insurance needs can vary, and it's beneficial to consider additional coverage options based on personal circumstances. Additional Coverage Options Coverage Type Description State Requirements Bodily Injury Liability Covers medical expenses, rehabilitation, and legal fees for individuals injured in an accident where the insured is at fault. $30,000 per person and $60,000 per accident Property Damage Liability Covers the cost of repairing or replacing property, such as vehicles or structures, damaged in an accident where the insured is at fault. $25,000 limit Uninsured Motorist Provides protection for bodily injury and property damage in the event of an accident with an uninsured driver. Uninsured motorist bodily injury: $30,000 per person and $60,000 per accident unless rejected Uninsured motorist property damage: $25,000 with a $250 deductible unless rejected Not required Underinsured Motorist Provides protection in the event of an accident with a driver who does not have sufficient insurance coverage. Not required Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Pays for medical expenses, lost wages, and other related costs for the policyholder and passengers in an accident, regardless of fault. Not required - $2,500 must be offered by the insurer. Collision Covers the cost of repairing or replacing the insured's vehicle if damaged in an accident, regardless of fault. Not required Comprehensive Covers the cost of repairing or replacing the insured's vehicle if damaged in non-collision events, such as theft, vandalism, or natural disasters. Not required... > In Texas, marketing e-cigarettes to minors is a crime. Here's what you need to know about this new law. - Published: 2024-05-31 - Modified: 2024-06-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/marketing-e-cigarettes-to-minors/ E-cigarettes have been around for decades, but the devices saw a rise in popularity among teenage clientele around 2015. Although you must be 21 or older to purchase E-cigarettes, minors continue to use them. This prompted Texas legislators to pass a new law in 2023 that regulates the advertisement of E-cigarettes to this age demographic in hopes that it will reduce the appeal and accessibility of these products to minors. In this article, we will discuss the Texas law that prohibits marketing E-cigarettes to minors, the punishment for violating the offense, and the intent behind the law. The Law Prohibiting Marketing E-Cigarettes To Minors In Texas In 2023, Texas passed House Bill 4758, which makes it a Class B misdemeanor for businesses and individuals to market, advertise, or sell e-cigarette products to minors. The new law - known as the Protecting Children from Electronic Cigarette Advertising Act - includes selling e-cigarette products with packaging that appeals to minors, such as photos of food, celebrities, or cartoon characters. Prohibited e-cigarette products is codified under Section 161. 0876 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, which states that a person committees this offense if he or she markets, advertises, sells ,or causes to be sold an e-cigarettte product if the product’s container: depicts a cartoon-like fictional character that mimics a character primarily aimed at entertaining minors; imitates or mimics trademarks or trade dress of products that are or have been primarily marketed to minors; includes a symbol that is primarily used to market products to minors; includes an image of a celebrity; or includes an image that resembles a food product, including candy or juice. Punishment for Prohibited E-Cigarette Products Marketing, advertising or selling a prohibited e-cigarettes product is a Class B misdemeanor in Texas, punishable by up to 180 days in jail, a fine of as much as $2000, or both. In order to ensure that retailers are not engaging in selling e-cigarettes to minors, Texas officials sometimes conduct compliance checks. A compliance check involves undercover operations where a minor will try to buy nicotine products to test whether sellers are following the law. Intent Behind the Passing of the E-Cigarette Marketing Law There is no doubt that E-cigarettes are dangerous, containing nicotine, heavy metals, and cancer-causing materials. Lawmakers pushed for this law because they believe E-cigarettes are intentionally designed to attract minors. They are particularly concerned that young people are vulnerable to these advertisements, which can result in early dependence on these addictive products. The aim is to reduce the use of E-cigarettes among minors and safeguard their long-term health. Subsequent Consequences Of Marketing E-Cigarettes To Minors Marketing and selling E-cigarettes to minors can encompass far more consequences than legal action taken against the seller. Some of these subsequent consequences can include: Regulatory Responses: Marketing E-cigarettes to minors can elicit stricter regulation on the sales of E-cigarettes as a whole. Specifically, the government may choose to ban the production of flavored products, limit channels of advertising, and control the locations... > The Allen Charge, also known as a Dynamite Charge, is meant to break open a deadlock among jurors. But is it always the right call? - Published: 2024-05-30 - Modified: 2024-05-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/allen-charge/ What is an Allen Charge? In most jurisdictions, jury verdicts in a criminal trial must be unanimous, but what happens if deliberations stall or break down? If the jury sends a note saying they are deadlocked, the judge can give them a strongly worded instruction urging them to keep going and to try harder to reach a verdict. This instruction is known as an Allen charge, also called a Dynamite Charge. In this article, we explain the Allen charge and why this supplemental jury instruction is used to encourage a verdict, as well as the potential consequences and controversies surrounding its application. The Role of the Allen Charge, or Dynamite Charge, in Jury Deliberations A jury in a criminal trial in most jurisdictions, including New York and Texas, must be unanimous as to its verdict. This means all 12 jurors must agree on each count as to the defendant being guilty or not guilty? So what happens when a jury cannot agree? Well, the easy answer is the trial ends with a mistrial based on a hung jury. There is, however, a step that routinely takes place in most jurisdictions before a mistrial is granted based on a jury not being able to make a unanimous decision, and that is the Allen Charge. Origins of the Allen Charge or Dynamite Charge The term "Allen Charge" originates from the 1896 U. S. Supreme Court case Allen v. United States. In this case, the Supreme Court upheld the practice of judges giving supplemental instructions to encourage juries to reach a unanimous verdict. Purpose and Function of the Allen Charge The main goal of an Allen Charge is to urge jurors to re-examine their positions and work towards a consensus. It reminds jurors of their duty to deliberate with an open mind, considering the views of other jurors, and to strive to reach a unanimous decision, if possible, without compromising their honest convictions. It's basically asking the jurors in the minority opinion to evaluate their positions carefully. The jurors are reminded that whatever they do they should not violate their own conscience. Key Elements of an Allen Charge Typically, an Allen charge includes the following elements: Reminder of Duty: Jurors are reminded of their duty to try to reach a unanimous decision. Encouragement to Deliberate: Jurors are encouraged to re-examine their own views and consider the opinions of their fellow jurors. Respect for Convictions: Jurors are instructed not to surrender their honest beliefs solely to achieve a consensus. Reassurance that no juror should abandon their honest convictions solely to reach a verdict. An emphasis is placed on the duty to reach a unanimous decision if possible, without compromising individual judgment and conscience. Example of an Allen Charge Members of the Jury: I am going to ask that you continue your deliberations in an effort to agree upon a verdict and dispose of this case; and I have a few additional comments I would like for you to consider as you do so. This... > Fraternity hazing in Texas is a crime that can follow you far beyond your college years. Here's what you need to know about the offense and potential consequences. - Published: 2024-05-23 - Modified: 2025-08-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fraternity-hazing-in-texas/ It’s popular for young men to rush a fraternity when they arrive at college. Although hazing isn’t present in every fraternity, a culture of needing to “earn your spot” is common. This often causes older members to take advantage of or exploit younger members, creating an environment where dangerous and demeaning activities are normalized. As a result, what begins as a quest for camaraderie can quickly spiral into criminal behavior with serious legal repercussions. Though it’s widely recognized that fraternity hazing in Texas is a sort of “right of passage,” many college students don’t understand the full scope of consequences that can occur as a result of this behavior. Hazing is a criminal violation under Texas law that can follow you far beyond college and damage the reputation of the fraternity and university. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the law and the legal and collateral consequences of fraternity hazing in Texas. Here’s what you need to know to protect yourself and the fraternity from facing legal action for participating in hazing in the Lone Star State. What Constitutes Hazing in Texas? Under Texas state law, specifically Section 37. 151 of the Texas Education Code, hazing is defined as: “any intentional, knowing, or reckless act, occurring on or off the campus of an educational institution, by one person alone or acting with others, directed against a student, for the purpose of pledging, being initiated into, affiliating with, holding office in, or maintaining membership in an organization if the act: (A) is any type of physical brutality, such as whipping, beating, striking, branding, electronic shocking, placing of a harmful substance on the body, or similar activity; (B) involves sleep deprivation, exposure to the elements, confinement in a small space, calisthenics, or other similar activity that subjects the student to an unreasonable risk of harm or that adversely affects the mental or physical health or safety of the student; (C) involves consumption of a food, liquid, alcoholic beverage, liquor, drug, or other substance that subjects the student to an unreasonable risk of harm or that adversely affects the mental or physical health or safety of the student; (D) is any activity that induces, causes, or requires the student to perform a duty or task that involves a violation of the Penal Code; or (E) involves coercing, the student to consume a drug or an alcoholic beverage or liquor in an amount that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the student is intoxicated, as defined by Texas law. What Are Some Common Examples Of Hazing? Hazing can take many forms, ranging from subtle coercion to extreme physical and psychological abuse. It often masquerades as tradition or team-building but can have devastating consequences for those involved. The following are some common examples of hazing: Forced or coerced consumption of food, drink, alcohol, or drugs Branding Sleep deprivation Verbal abuse Threats Physical abuse (such as beating or paddling) Humiliation (forcing someone to wear embarrassing clothing or perform embarrassing... > Dozens of people gathered for a ribbon-cutting ceremony to celebrate Varghese Summersett's Southlake grand opening - the firm's expansion to a third location. - Published: 2024-05-21 - Modified: 2025-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/southlake-grand-opening/ Dozens of people gathered on May 16 for a ribbon-cutting ceremony at Varghese Summersett's Southlake office to celebrate the firm's expansion to a third location. The law firm opened its newest office at 3120 Sabre Drive on the border of Southlake and Westlake. The expansion allows the firm to provide high-caliber legal services to discerning clients in this idyllic community. "Southlake is special," Managing Partner Benson Varghese told the crowd before the ribbon-cutting. "Some of our team members grew up in Southlake and live in Southlake. They have shared with us how unique this community is. "Smart businesses understand that it doesn't make sense for someone who, for example, needs a divorce to travel all the way to Fort Worth to talk to an attorney, to meet someone to discuss some of the most intimate matters in their lives and bring them their biggest problems. We're really excited to have a physical presence here finally and to open this office. " The firm's Southlake grand opening was sponsored, in part, by the Southlake Chamber of Commerce and covered by Southlake Style magazine. Guests enjoyed a blood mary and mimosa bar from Top Shelf Tending and unique hors-d'oeuvres from Scratch Catering & Fine Foods while touring the beautifully decorated space accented by Trophy Blooms. More than 20 local businesses attended the event, including Back to Life Chiropractic, Westin Southlake, Select Lending Services, Hulett Insurance, Curis Functional Health and Ethnos Notary. Attorney Nathan Moayyad, of Moayyard Law, won a raffle that included a gift card and luxury items from Skin RX Clinical Spa. "It was lovely to see how Southlake community businesses support each other," said Anna Summersett, partner at Varghese Summersett. " We were honored to have so many people join us for our Southlake grand opening. We feel at home here. " About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premiere family law, personal injury, and criminal defense practice dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. The firm’s roster is full of experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has more than a thousand 5-star Google reviews and has been named a fastest-growing company by Inc. 5000. It has also been named a “DFW Favorite,” a “Best Place to Work,” and a “Best Place for Working Parents,” among numerous other accolades. The firm has three office locations - downtown Fort Worth, downtown Dallas, and now, Southlake. The downtown locations are close to Tarrant and Dallas county courthouses, which is convenient for our attorneys and clients when they need to appear in court. The decision to open an office in Southlake tucked away in the gorgeous Kirkwood Oaks Business Center was also strategic. "We saw a need for high-caliber legal services in a discrete setting and wanted to be accessible to the residents of Southlake, Westlake, Trophy Club and the surrounding areas," Varghese said. "By establishing an office in Southlake with a high-caliber team of experienced attorneys and paralegals, we can serve clients who prefer to handle... - Published: 2024-05-18 - Modified: 2024-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/illegal-to-wear-headphones-while-driving-in-texas/ Is It Illegal to Wear Headphones While Driving in Texas? No state law in Texas makes it illegal to wear headphones while driving in Texas. There are times when you should not use a "hands-free wireless communication device," and there could be instances where headphones might be considered hands-free wireless communication devices. While Texas law favors using such devices (as opposed to texting and driving, for instance), you should be aware of the circumstances under which you should not be using any wireless communication devices. Legal Status of Wearing Headphones While Driving in Texas Although Texas does not have a statute explicitly banning headphone use for drivers, it's essential to consider the broader legal context. Texas law requires drivers to exercise due care to avoid accidents and ensure the safety of all road users. Wearing headphones might impair your ability to hear important sounds, such as emergency sirens, honking horns, or other auditory signals crucial for safe driving. You can also run into uses using a wireless communication device under most circumstances. Implications of Wearing Headphones While Driving Negligence in Accidents: Law enforcement might consider it a contributing factor if you are involved in an accident while wearing headphones. In such cases, you could be deemed negligent, impacting insurance claims and liability. Hearing Emergency Vehicles: Wearing headphones can prevent you from hearing sirens from emergency vehicles, potentially leading to dangerous situations or even traffic violations if you fail to yield appropriately. Using a Wireless Communication Device in Texas Texas Transportation Code § 545. 425 primarily addresses wireless communication devices while operating a motor vehicle. The statute prohibits using a wireless communication device to read, write, or send an electronic message while operating a motor vehicle unless the vehicle is stopped. Under Texas law, a "wireless communication device" generally refers to devices capable of receiving or transmitting text, image, or voice communications. Headphones, particularly those used solely for listening to audio, do not inherently qualify as wireless communication devices. However, if headphones are used with a device that sends or receives communications (like a smartphone or a Bluetooth headset), their use could fall under the scope of distracted driving if they result in unsafe driving behavior. Today, many headphones connect to phones, allowing them to receive and send text messages, in addition to connecting to calls. Moreover, as smartphones advance, the capabilities of what can be done using headphones increase from using aids like Siri to being able to use AI like voice-activated ChatGPT 4o. Key provisions under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 425 Drivers under 18 years of age are prohibited from using wireless communication devices while driving, even with a hands-free device, except in emergencies. A "hands-free device" refers to any equipment or feature that allows you to use your phone or other communication device without needing to hold it with your hands, except to turn it on or off. Wireless communication devices are prohibited in school crossing zones unless the vehicle is stopped or a hands-free device is... > The Texas Inspection Sticker requirement will see major changes in 2025. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-05-17 - Modified: 2024-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-inspection-sticker/ Everything You Need to Know About Texas Inspection Stickers Ending in 2025 For as long as most Texans can remember, we've had Texas inspection stickers on our vehicles. Many of us remember the days when those stickers went on our license plate. We then moved to have two stickers inside our windshields - one for registration and the other for inspection. What the inspection sticker looked like in Texas. In 2013, Texas moved to a single-sticker system that made getting your registration updated based on passing your vehicle inspection. Texas moved to a single sticker following inspection and registration In January 2025, Texas will no longer require non-commercial vehicles to undergo an annual safety inspection. Beginning next year, unless you live in one of the 17 most populated counties in Texas, you won't have to go through an annual inspection or test. While drivers will still pay the inspection fee, the physical inspection process will be eliminated for most Texans. What is the Texas Vehicle Inspection Program? The Texas Vehicle Inspection Program was designed to ensure vehicles met minimum safety and emissions standards. Starting in 2025, most Texans will no longer have a safety inspection requirement, although Texans in some counties will have to complete an emissions-only test. Inspection Requirements in Texas Current Requirements: Vehicles must undergo an annual safety inspection. Learn More About Our Related Practice Areas Dallas Criminal Defense Fort Worth Criminal Defense Fort Bend Criminal Defense Collin County Criminal Defense Houston Criminal Defense Learn more about our DWI Defense Dallas DWI Defense Fort Worth DWI Defense Fort Bend DWI Defense Collin County DWI Defense Houston DWI Defense New Law (Effective 2025): Only emissions testing is required in designated counties; safety inspections for non-commercial vehicles will no longer be necessary. How to Obtain a Texas Inspection Sticker (Until 2025) 1. Locate an authorized inspection station. 2. Bring the required documents: vehicle registration, proof of insurance, and payment for the inspection fee. 3. Have your vehicle inspected. 4. Upon passing the inspection, receive your sticker. Who Will Need to Complete an Emissions Test? If you live in any of the following counties, you will still be required to get an emissions test: Dallas-Fort Worth Area: Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, and Tarrant Counties Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Area: Brazoria, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, and Montgomery Counties Austin Area: Travis and Williamson Counties El Paso Area: El Paso County San Antonio Area: Bexar County (beginning on November 1, 2026) Types of Emissions Tests The type of emissions test your vehicle undergoes depends on its age and type. Here are the common types of emissions tests performed in Texas: On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) Test Applicability: For vehicles model year 1996 and newer. Process: A scanner is connected to the vehicle's OBD system to check for trouble codes that indicate emissions-related issues. This test can quickly identify problems with the engine, transmission, and other critical components that affect emissions. Accelerated Simulation Mode (ASM) Test Applicability: For vehicles model year 1995 and older. Process:... > In this article we share insider insights and the secrets to maximize a GEICO Insurance Claim in Texas. - Published: 2024-05-13 - Modified: 2025-05-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-a-geico-insurance-claim/ How to Maximize a GEICO Insurance Claim Whether you were struck by a driver insured with GEICO making a “third party claim” or a GEICO insured making a “first party claim,” you’ll want to know how to maximize a claim with GEICO. We wrote this article to help you maximize your claim, avoid common pitfalls, and understand what to expect from GEICO during the claims process. Insider Insights and a Unique Perspective One of the partners at our firm worked as an insurance adjuster before law school, so we know how insurance companies deal with claims. Of course, we have seen how claims are handled on this side as personal injury lawyers. These experiences lend themselves to the unique perspective and insider insights we share in this article. https://youtu. be/WNIMv64dEz0 Seeking Medical Treatment If you were in an accident of any significance, you should get checked out by a medical professional. If there is an emergency medical response, don’t refuse to get checked out. You may not know that you’re injured or how badly you are injured immediately after an accident. We all know what cuts and breaks look like, but we don’t know what internal injuries look like or when to expect the pain from those injuries to set in. Because adrenaline is pumping immediately after an accident, you may not feel the pain right after an accident. The longer you wait for an evaluation, the more likely an insurance company will say the injury and pain is unrelated to the accident. The last thing you want is to have back pain in a week, and wait another week till things are so bad you can’t move. When you get to a medical provider, the insurance company will have some basis to say they can’t relate the pain to the accident. As you seek medical treatment, keeping a log of who you saw and when is important. We will work to get the records, compile them, and make them understandable and persuasive. We also recommend that you keep a journal of how you feel each day and the difficult things for you to accomplish. The reality is the human mind is built to persevere and not dwell on the difficult times we got through. As a result, it may be much harder to articulate just how bad things were in three or six months unless you have written it down. Filing an Accident Report or Blue Form in Texas The police won't always respond to an accident in Texas. Generally, unless someone is injured or a vehicle is completely disabled in a major thoroughfare, the police do not come out. That doesn't mean you can't (or shouldn't) have an accident report documenting what happened. Here's what you need to do when the police don't come out to the scene of an accident. You will want to go down to the local police department and fill out a "Blue Form" (officially called the CR-2 form). This is a self-documented accident... > In Texas, the attorney-client privilege is a legal safeguard that protects confidential communications between attorneys and their clients. Learn more. - Published: 2024-05-13 - Modified: 2024-05-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-client-privilege-in-texas/ If you need legal help, it's important to be honest and open with your attorney. That's the only way the attorney can fully understand your unique situation and provide the best possible advice and representation. This isn't always the easiest conversation for clients, however. They often find it difficult to share every detail of their problem with someone they just met or only know solely in a professional contest. Their reluctance to be forthcoming can stem from embarrassment, fear of criminal liability, or the belief that the details may harm their reputation or career. This is where the attorney-client privilege comes into play. The attorney-client privilege is a legal concept that protects the confidentiality of communications between an attorney and their client. In Texas, this privilege is governed by the Texas Rules of Evidence 503 and the Federal Rule of Evidence 501. It is meant to encourage complete honesty and trust between clients and attorneys so that they can freely discuss all relevant details without fear of it being disclosed to anyone else. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett give an overview of the attorney-client privilege, how it works in the state of Texas, and why you should always feel safe sharing information with your legal counsel. Understanding the Attorney-Client Privilege The attorney-client privilege is a fundamental principle in the American legal system that encourages open and honest communication between clients and their attorneys. Here are some key points about the attorney-client privilege in Texas: It is one of the oldest privileges recognized in law, intended to encourage full and frank communication between attorneys and clients for the purpose of obtaining legal advice and effective representation. For the privilege to apply, there must be: 1) a communication, 2) between privileged persons (attorney and client), 3) made in confidence, and 4) for the purpose of seeking, obtaining, or providing legal assistance. The communication must be made to facilitate the rendition of professional legal services, not for business advice or other purposes. The privilege covers the complete communication, including both legal advice and factual information related to seeking that advice. It applies to communications with the client's representatives or agents who facilitate the attorney-client relationship, such as employees authorized to act on the legal advice. The privilege can be waived if the client discloses the communication to third parties or allows third parties to be present during attorney-client communications. In-house counsel communications with corporate employees authorized to act on the legal advice are generally privileged. The privilege continues even after the attorney-client relationship ends. In essence, the attorney-client privilege in Texas aims to protect the confidentiality of communications between lawyers and their clients made for the purpose of obtaining legal counsel, subject to certain conditions and limitations. https://youtu. be/3D6O2SXPaMk Does the Attorney-Client Privilege Apply to All Areas of Law? Yes, the attorney-client privilege applies broadly across various areas of law, including criminal, family, and personal injury law. This privilege is fundamental in ensuring that clients can communicate candidly and securely... > Child hurt in a car accident in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2024-05-10 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-hurt-in-a-car-accident-in-texas/ It's every parent's worst nightmare: the screech of tires, the shattering of glass, the sudden chaos of a car accident. In those terrifying moments, your instinct is to protect your child and ensure their safety. But what happens when the unthinkable occurs, and your child is injured in a car accident? https://youtu. be/um2cDZJLWXs The panic is unparalleled, the fear overwhelming. Concerns race through your mind: What do I do now? How severe are their injuries? Will they fully recover? Who is responsible for this tragedy? In this article, the personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what steps you should take if your child is hurt in a car accident in Texas due to someone else's negligence. We will also discuss how child personal injury cases differ from adult cases, and how our law firm can help you and your family during this difficult time. Child Hurt in a Car Accident? Take These Steps. Ensure Safety: Your child's safety is paramount. If your child is injured in a car accident in Texas, immediately move the vehicle to a safe location away from traffic if possible. Assess their condition and call 911 for emergency medical assistance. Document the Scene: If it's safe, gather information about the accident scene. Take photos of the vehicles involved, any visible injuries to your child, and any relevant road conditions or signage. Collect contact information from witnesses and exchange insurance information with the other driver(s). Seek Medical Attention Immediately: Even if your child's injuries seem minor, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Some injuries, such as concussions or internal injuries, may not be immediately apparent but can have serious consequences if left untreated. Keep detailed records of all medical evaluations, appointments, treatments, and expenses. Report the Accident: Under Texas law, specifically Transportation Code Section 550. 026, you are required to report any car accident that results in injury, death, or property damage exceeding $1,000 to authorities. Be sure to file a report with the appropriate law enforcement agency as soon as possible. Contact an Experienced Personal Injury Attorney: Dealing with the aftermath of a car accident involving a child can be overwhelming. By consulting with a knowledgeable personal injury attorney, you can ensure that your child's rights are protected and that the responsible party is held accountable. At Varghese Summersett, our legal team has vast experience handling child personal injury cases in Texas. We understand the unique challenges and complexities involved in these cases and are dedicated to advocating for your child's and your family's best interests. Let us handle the legal complexities so you can focus on your child's recovery. If your child has been hurt in a car accident in Texas, don't wait to seek help. Contact us today for a compassionate consultation and take the first step toward securing the justice and compensation your child deserves. How Child Personal Injury Cases Differ from Adult Cases in Texas Child personal injury cases in Texas present unique challenges and considerations compared to adult cases.... > Many people were suprised by the Golden Bachelor divorce - but not us! The divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain why the marriage was over before it started. - Published: 2024-05-08 - Modified: 2024-05-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/golden-bachelor-divorce/ Millions of people were pulling for the marriage of Golden Bachelor Gerry Turner and his wife Theresa Nist, only to see it end in divorce after just three months of seemingly wedded bliss. So what happened? Obviously, they are the only ones who know what went on behind closed doors, but as experienced divorce attorneys, we can make a few educated guesses. In this article, we offer three potential reasons why their public love story ended in a swift divorce. But first, here's the backstory if you're one of the few people on the planet who missed it. Golden Bachelor Backstory: Gerry & Theresa's Courtship Gerry Turner and Theresa Nist were the first couple to get engaged and married on the reality TV show "The Golden Bachelor. " They were both in their 70s when they met on the show and got married on live television in January 2024. However, their marriage was short-lived, as they announced their divorce just three months later in April 2024. The reasons they cited for their split were that they could not agree on where to live, as Gerry was based in Indiana while Theresa lived in New Jersey. They also cited their commitment to their respective families as a factor in their decision to divorce. And most recently, rumors swirled that the marriage might have ended after a disagreement about cornfields. Yes, cornfields. Specifically, during a two-hour drive from the airport to Gerry's lake house in Indiana, Teresa suggested that vast cornfields could be developed into condos, office buildings, and apartments - a vision that Gerry disagreed with. While the news of their quick divorce was surprising and disappointing to many viewers who had hoped their relationship would last, the union was more akin to a brief engagement rather than a full marriage. They did not have time to fully merge their lives and finances, so the end of their relationship is better characterized as a breakup rather than a divorce. In fact, the divorce attorneys at Varghese Summersett venture to say that the marriage was over before it got started. Here's three reasons why: 1. Finding Lasting Love Through a Reality Show is Unrealistic The glamor and drama of reality TV often create an idealized version of relationships that fails to reflect the complexities of real-life partnerships. Contestants on shows like "The Golden Bachelor" are thrust into intense environments where emotions run high, time is limited, and the pressure to make a connection is immense. In such artificial settings, it's easy to mistake infatuation for genuine compatibility and overlook fundamental differences that could spell trouble outside the confines of the show. While these programs promise fairy-tale endings and everlasting love, the truth is that the circumstances under which relationships form are far from ordinary. Contestants are often chosen for their entertainment value rather than their long-term compatibility, and the fast-paced nature of reality TV leaves little room for genuine connection to develop organically. As a result, couples may find themselves swept up... > Suing over an inmate death is no small undertaking. In the article, we explain wrongful death in jail lawsuits and what it takes to be successful. - Published: 2024-05-07 - Modified: 2025-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/wrongful-death-in-jail/ Successfully Suing for an Inmate's Death is No Ordinary Undertaking If you’ve been following local news, you’ll see there have been 54 jail deaths in the last five years in Tarrant County. According to data maintained by the Texas Commission on Jail Standards, there have been 74 deaths in Tarrant County jail since 2014, and some community leaders have expressed to the Department of Justice that they believe these numbers may be underreported. You might wonder why jail deaths don't often result in lawsuits. Lawsuits can be a powerful way to affect change. The primary reason few lawsuits are filed against counties or jails (and why fewer are successful) is sovereign immunity, which shields governments from lawsuits under most circumstances. That doesn't mean lawsuits can't be successful. This means you must find the perfect case to use as the driver for change. This article will discuss what it takes to sue for a jail death successfully. This article is specific to laws in the Fifth Circuit, Texas's federal circuit. Wrongful Death in Jail: Understanding “1983 Claims” 42 U. S. C. § 1983 provides the basis for "1983 claims. " A Section 1983 claim is a lawsuit in which an individual can sue the government or government employees acting "under color of state law" for a civil rights violation. Section 1983 doesn't create any new rights; it merely provides a way to enforce civil rights already established by the U. S. Constitution or other federal laws. The acts that can give rise to a Section 1983 claim are varied and can include police brutality, excessive force, violations of freedom of speech or assembly, unreasonable search and seizure, excessive bail, racial profiling, and more. Who can be sued under Section 1983? Potential defendants under 1983 include police officers, prison guards, judges, public officials, and even private individuals acting on behalf of the state or local government. Suing a Jail For the Death of a Pretrial Detainee To establish liability under 42 U. S. C. § 1983, a plaintiff must show: an official policy (or custom), of which a policymaker can be charged with actual or constructive knowledge, and a constitutional violation whose ‘moving force’ is that policy (or custom). A plaintiff must show that this policy was implemented with “deliberate indifference” to the known or obvious consequences that a constitutional violation would result. A “deliberate indifference” may be shown by a series or pattern of similar violations or a single incident wherein the injury suffered was “highly predictable. ” Under this theory, a jail could be sued for deaths in a jail alleging unconstitutional conditions of confinement such as: Overcrowding and understaffing of the jail Failure to properly observe and monitor detainees Denial of medical care to detainees Institutionzlition of excessive force by officers against detainees Maintain a culture of violence in the jail among detainees. Elements to Prove a Wrongful Death in Jail Here are the key elements that must typically be established in a Section 1983 action for wrongful death:... > The awards the firm and its members have received are a testament to our commitment to providing unmatched results and unparalleled service. - Published: 2024-05-07 - Modified: 2026-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/awards/ Fort Bend Criminal Defense Attorneys Fighting for Your Freedom in Fort Bend County Free Consultation Call (281) 805-2220 Overview Our Team Courts Fort Bend Office Fort Bend County Criminal Defense A criminal charge in Fort Bend County can threaten your freedom, your career, and everything you have spent years building. At Varghese Summersett, our Fort Bend criminal defense attorneys bring a level of experience and credentials that is simply unmatched in this region. Our defense team includes five Board Certified attorneys: three in Criminal Law and two in Juvenile Law. Board Certification is the highest distinction a Texas attorney can achieve, and having five of them on one criminal defense team is something most defendants never get the chance to access. When you retain our Fort Bend criminal defense lawyers, you gain more than a single attorney assigned to your file. You gain the collective strength of our entire criminal division: former prosecutors, including a former Fort Bend County felony prosecutor, who understand how the government builds its cases from the inside; seasoned trial lawyers who know how to dismantle them; and a support team committed to working every angle of your defense. Whether you are facing a misdemeanor charge in County Court at Law or a first-degree felony in one of Fort Bend's eight district courts, we know how to fight, and we know how to win. With more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions across our firm, our results speak for themselves. We have handled virtually every type of criminal case under Texas law: DWI, drug offenses, assault, domestic violence, sexual assault, white collar crimes, and more. Our local presence in Fort Bend County means we know the judges, the prosecutors, and the procedures, and that knowledge translates directly into strategic advantage for every client we represent. Richmond / Fort Bend Office DWI Defense Assault Sexual Assault Juvenile Defense 1,600+ Dismissals Firm-Wide 800+ Charge Reductions 5 Board Certified Specialists 100s Jury Trials Handled Past results do not guarantee future outcomes. Every case is unique and depends on its own facts and circumstances. Set Consultation Call (281) 805-2220 Meet the Team Recognition & Awards Why Varghese Summersett? 01 Board Certified Criminal Law Specialists Board Certification is the highest credential the State Bar of Texas awards to attorneys in a given practice area. It requires years of experience, a rigorous examination, and peer evaluation of courtroom performance. Our team includes five Board Certified attorneys: three in Criminal Law and two in Juvenile Law. Fewer than 1% of Texas attorneys hold any Board Certification at all. When your freedom is on the line, that difference is enormous. 02 Former Prosecutors on Your Side Our Fort Bend attorney Mike Hanson spent years as a felony prosecutor for the county. He knows precisely how the DA's office evaluates cases, what evidence they rely on, and where their arguments are vulnerable. That insider perspective drives every defense strategy we build. 05 You Don't Just Hire One Lawyer When you hire Varghese Summersett, the... > Delta 8 THC and Delta 10 THC has become popular alternatives to Delta 9 THC in Texas. Many believe THCA is a legal loophole in Texas. Find out the truth. - Published: 2024-05-02 - Modified: 2025-12-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/delta-8-9-10-thca-texas/ Legality of Delta 8 THC, Delta 9 THC, Delta 10 THC, and THCA in Texas Updated December 2025 You can't go very far in Texas without seeing a store that sells THC products, whether it is your local headshop or neighborhood convenience store. In fact, THC dispensing vending machines are popping up all over the Lone Star State. Given their widespread prevalence, you might wonder, "If it were illegal, they wouldn't be able to sell these products, right? " S Congress Vending machine byu/tipsytarotalks in Austin https://youtu. be/ZU-1ctEAt3E While you can buy THC products at just about every turn in Austin, the 2025 legislative session brought dramatic changes to the regulatory landscape. Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick pushed hard for an outright ban on Delta 8 and Delta 9 THC products. The Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 3, which would have banned virtually all consumable hemp products containing THC. However, Governor Abbott vetoed SB 3 in June 2025, instead calling for a regulatory framework rather than a total ban. What followed was a series of executive actions and new laws that significantly changed—but did not eliminate—the THC market in Texas. In this article, we will discuss the legality of Delta 8 THC, Delta 9 THC, Delta 10 THC, as well as THCA in Texas. We will also discuss the criminal risks associated with each of these products, particularly those sold as legal products in Texas. What Changed in 2025? Before diving into the specifics of each cannabinoid, here are the major 2025 developments every Texan should know: THC Vape Ban (Effective September 1, 2025): Senate Bill 2024 made it a Class A misdemeanor to market, advertise, offer for sale, or sell any e-cigarette or vape product containing cannabinoids—including hemp-derived Delta 8, Delta 9, Delta 10, THCA, and even CBD. The penalty carries up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $4,000. Notably, SB 2024 criminalizes the sale of cannabinoid vapes but does not independently criminalize mere possession. Age Restrictions (Executive Order, September 10, 2025): Governor Abbott issued an executive order directing the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) and the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission (TABC) to prohibit sales of consumable hemp products containing THC to anyone under 21. Retailers must verify age with government-issued ID. TABC began enforcing this rule for liquor license holders on October 1, 2025. SB 3 Vetoed: The Legislature's attempt at an outright ban on intoxicating hemp products was vetoed by Governor Abbott, who cited potential constitutional issues and called for regulation rather than prohibition. Ongoing Litigation: The Texas Supreme Court case involving Hometown Hero and DSHS's 2021 attempt to classify Delta 8 as a controlled substance remains pending. A court injunction currently keeps Delta 8 off the formal controlled substances list while the case proceeds. When is THC illegal in Texas? The core legal framework remains: THC is illegal to possess in Texas if it is Delta 9 THC and the concentration is greater than 0. 3% by dry weight. However,... > School officials and police take school threats in Texas extremely seriously. Here's what charges you could face for making a school threat - even if it was a prank or hoax. - Published: 2024-05-01 - Modified: 2026-01-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/school-threats-in-texas/ Southlake officials canceled classes at two high schools last school year after learning of a potential threat of a school shooting. Officials said the threat involved a message written on a bathroom school door "by someone referring to the STARR test and a potential school shooting. " These kind of incidents have become far to common in Texas schools. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the various types of offenses that could stem from making school threats in Texas, which are often pranks or false alarms but are still taken extremely seriously by law enforcement and school officials. Juvenile law expert Lisa Herrick also details the procedures and legal processes involved when a minor is taken into custody. What Constitutes a School Threat? A school threat is any statement, action, or behavior that expresses an intent to harm students, teachers, or staff at a school. This can include written messages, verbal statements, social media posts, drawings, or physical acts. The intent may be direct and specific, such as naming a particular person or group, or it may be more general and vague. It is important to note that even if the person making the threat does not have the means or intent to carry out the act, their actions can still be considered criminal offenses. This is because any threat of violence against a school community causes fear and disrupts the learning environment for students. Types of School Threats Making a threat to a school can result in different criminal charges depending on the nature and severity of the threat. Here are some examples of school threats and their potential consequences: Terroristic Threat According to Section 22. 07 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits an offense if they threaten to commit any crime of violence to any person or property with the intent to: Cause a reaction of any type by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies; Place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury; Prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, place of employment or occupation, aircraft, automobile, or other public place; Cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public service; Place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or Influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state. Depending on the facts and circumstances, making a threat against a school or a student can certainly fall under this statute. The severity of the offense and punishment depends on the specific intent and target of the threat, ranging from a Class B misdemeanor to a third-degree felony. Read more about terroristic threats here and please take a minute to watch this video by Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer Lisa Herrick who... > Accused of assault on a pregnant woman in North Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - Published: 2024-04-30 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/assault-on-a-pregnant-woman-in-texas/ Assault on a pregnant woman is a very serious crime in Texas. Not only is it a felony to assault a pregnant woman, but a conviction can have far-reaching consequences on your personal and professional life. The laws in Texas are very strict when it comes to protecting pregnant women and their unborn children. If you or a loved one is facing a charge of assault on a pregnant woman in North Texas, it's imperative to contact a seasoned defense attorney as soon as possible. Our attorneys have vast experience handling the most serious cases in Tarrant and Dallas counties and understand the gravity of this accusation. In this article, we explain the crime, consequences, and possible defenses to assault on a pregnant woman in Texas. The Law: Assault on a Pregnant Woman in Texas Under Section 22. 01 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits assault on a pregnant woman if he or she intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to: a pregnant individual to force an abortion; or to a person they "know is pregnant at the time of the offense. " In Texas, bodily injury is any physical pain, illness, or impairment of physical condition. This definition is very broad—bodily injury does not require visible injuries, medical treatment, or even emergency services being called. The victim simply stating they felt pain is sufficient to establish bodily injury under Texas law. So, for example, let's say a person pushes their pregnant partner during an argument. Even if the push did not cause any visible injuries or require medical treatment, the fact that it caused pain to the victim could be considered bodily injury and, therefore, qualify as assault on a pregnant woman, which is a felony in Texas. It's important to point out that, to be convicted of fetal assault, the accused must have known or reasonably should have known that the woman was pregnant at the time of the assault. This means that if the woman was not showing any signs of pregnancy or didn't tell anyone, it may be difficult to prove that the defendant knew or should have known she was pregnant. Punishment for Assault on a Pregnant Woman In Texas, assault on a pregnant woman is a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. The punishment used to be a Class A misdemeanor, but Texas lawmakers passed a law in September 2019 that elevated the punishment. This change was made to take the safety of pregnant women more seriously, as statistics show domestic abuse is common during pregnancy and can have severe consequences for both the mother and unborn child. Assault on a Pregnant Women if Fetus Dies If an assault was committed against a pregnant woman and the fetus died, the defendant could potentially face a capital murder charge. Texas law recognizes an unborn child as a potential victim of a separate offense under the state's criminal homicide chapter. Texas Penal Code 19.... > Protests in Texas have limitations. Using the events at the University of Texas as an example, here's what you need to know about protests and limits. - Published: 2024-04-26 - Modified: 2025-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/protests-in-texas/ Over 130 protesters were arrested at the University of Texas at Austin in late April 2024 during demonstrations demanding the university divest from companies supplying weapons to Israel. While most faced criminal trespass charges, Travis County Attorney Delia Garza later dismissed 79 cases due to insufficient evidence. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the right to protest in Texas and when it crosses the line into criminal behavior. The Right to Protest in Texas The right to protest in the United States is protected under the First Amendment of the U. S. Constitution, which states that "Congress shall make no law ... abridging the freedom of speech or the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. " This fundamental right ensures that individuals are free to express their opinions publicly and engage in peaceful protests without undue interference from the government. Similarly, the Texas Constitution also safeguards the right to protest. Article I, sections 8 and 27 protect the "liberty to speak, write or publish ... opinions on any subject" and "the right ... to assemble. " Freedom of Speech and Assembly Are Not Unlimited Rights While the right to protest is protected under both the U. S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution, the government can impose certain limitations. These limitations generally relate to maintaining peace and public order and can regulate how, when, and where protests occur. Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions The government may impose time, place, and manner restrictions on protests, and these must be content-neutral restrictions that do not regard the content of the expression. Restrictions are considered content-neutral if they are not based on the content or viewpoint of the expression. The restrictions must be designed to address the needs of public order and safety without targeting the message being conveyed. The University of Texas has created its own time, place, and manner restrictions here. When are time, place, and manner restrictions permissible? Here are the key conditions under which such restrictions are permissible: Narrowly Tailored: The restrictions must be narrowly tailored to serve a significant government interest. This means they should not be broader than necessary to achieve the government's legitimate objectives. Significant Government Interest: The restrictions must advance a significant government interest, such as traffic control, public safety, or the prevention of disorder. This interest must be substantial and not a pretext for suppressing the expression itself. Content-Neutral: The restrictions must be unrelated to the content of the speech. They cannot be used to favor or disfavor any viewpoint or subject matter. For example, the government cannot impose a restriction that only applies to political protests but not to other types of gatherings. Ample Alternative Channels: The restrictions must leave open ample alternative channels for communication. Protesters must have adequate alternative means to convey their message, even if it is not their preferred or most effective method. Not Based on Viewpoint: The government cannot regulate... > Personal injury settlements affect child support in Texas in many cases, especially if you are behind. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-04-26 - Modified: 2024-05-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/injury-settlements-affect-child-support/ When someone has been injured in an accident and receives a personal injury settlement, the money is intended to cover medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other losses. But what if the victim is paying child support? Can personal injury settlements affect child support in Texas? The short answer is yes. However, the specifics of how and to what extent depend on various factors, including whether you are behind on your child support payments. In this article, our experienced attorneys explain how personal injury settlements affect child support in Texas and what you should do if you need assistance with a child support lien or modification due to a personal injury settlement. How Personal Injury Settlements Affect Child Support If you receive a personal injury settlement and you owe back child support, you can expect your child support obligation to be paid out of your settlement before you receive any money. This is because Texas law gives a priority lien to unpaid child support. This means that the state has first rights to any funds owed for past-due child support. But what if you are not behind on your child support payments? The fact that you received a personal injury settlement does not automatically mean your child support payments will increase. A modification to your existing child support agreement must be requested (usually by the other parent) and approved by the court. If a modification is not sought and you don't owe back child support, your child support payments will remain the same. Let's examine both scenarios—garnishment with child support liens and modification due to increased income—in more detail. Child Support Liens On Personal Injury Settlements It is not uncommon for people who are injured in an accident to struggle financially. This can lead to difficulties in meeting their child support obligations. When a parent who owes back child support receives a personal injury settlement, part of the settlement can be garnished or seized to cover the overdue payments. In Texas, under Section 157. 317 of the Texas Family Code, the state can place a lien on the settlement proceeds from personal injury claims. This means that before the parent receives any money from the settlement, the owed child support may be subtracted from the total amount. Here's how child support clients work on personal injury settlements. Identification of Liabilities: Once a personal injury settlement is awarded, the court or the child support enforcement agency identifies any existing child support arrearages (past-due payments) associated with the recipient of the settlement. Placement of a Lien: The state places a lien on the settlement proceeds. This legal claim on the funds ensures that before any disbursement is made to the injured party, the amount owed in back child support is first subtracted from the total settlement. Garnishment of Funds: The mechanism of garnishing the settlement involves legally redirecting part of the settlement to satisfy the debt of back child support. The entity managing the settlement, such as an insurance company... > Can your internet searches get you in trouble? Learn about how dangerous this can be from our illegal internet search attorney. - Published: 2024-04-25 - Modified: 2026-07-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/criminal/illegal-internet-search-attorney/ Illegal Internet Search Attorney When Is An Internet Search Illegal in Texas? Google averaged 8. 5 billion searches a day in 2022. That’s nearly 100,000 Internet searches every second. Anyone with a smartphone – just about everyone these days – has the information superhighway at their fingertips and access to almost anything. We search everything from directions to a restaurant to movie showtimes to the latest news on our favorite team. Some Internet searches, however, are illegal and could land you in trouble with law enforcement. In some cases, just searching certain topics could result in an arrest and legal issues. If you are being investigated for an Internet computer crime, contact an experienced illegal internet search attorney as soon as possible. The team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys with unmatched success for over three decades in North Texas. What is illegal to search on the Internet in Texas? Most of us know that possessing pornographic material involving juveniles under age 18 is against the law. And viewing child pornography online is against the law. However, just searching for child porn on the Internet can be enough to result in a search warrant being executed at your home, or even an arrest. That’s right, just searching for underage pornography without viewing it can be enough for law enforcement to arrest you. It doesn’t matter if you didn’t download illegal material. An active search for child porn could indicate your intent to view or possess child porn to law enforcement officials. Police can use your search history to establish intent or conspiracy to commit a worse offense like possession of child pornography. A Specific Example of Nationwide Arrests Without Proof of Downloading Illicit Materials The Playpen investigation involved a child pornography trafficking site that was accessible through Tor, a network designed to anonymize internet usage. During the investigation, the FBO took control of the server and deployed a network investigative technique (NIT) to identify users who accessed the site instead of shutting it down. This technique allowed them to collect the IP addresses and the MAC addresses, host names, and operating systems of the machines that accessed the server. The use of NIT was significant because it did not require the suspects to download any material to be identified. Accessing the server through Tor was enough for the FBI to capture the necessary information to trace the users. Individuals who merely accessed the site could be identified and were subsequently arrested without the need for them to have downloaded any illegal content. The legal argument was that by accessing the server, users demonstrated intent to engage with the prohibited material, which was enough for law enforcement to make nationwide arrests. The topics you search and view online, including illegal material, are usually stored in your Internet browser cache. Legally, that can be categorized as possessing child pornography. The laws against child porn at the Federal and Texas levels are severe and can result in lengthy prison terms.... > A silent divorce refers to a situation where a married couple remains legally married but has effectively ended their emotional and often physical relationship. Learn more. - Published: 2024-04-23 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/silent-divorce/ What Is a Silent Divorce? A silent divorce occurs when a married couple remains legally wed but has emotionally and physically ended their relationship. They share a home, maintain appearances, and stay bound by law, yet live as strangers under the same roof. Two people who once built a life together now occupy parallel existences with little meaningful connection between them. This phenomenon goes by several names: invisible divorce, emotional divorce, and increasingly, quiet divorce. Whatever term applies, the reality is the same. The intimacy, partnership, and genuine connection that once defined the relationship have evaporated. From the outside, neighbors and extended family may see nothing amiss. Inside the home, both spouses understand that the marriage exists in name only. At Varghese Summersett, our family law attorneys regularly meet with clients who have lived in silent divorces for months or even years before seeking legal counsel. With offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake, our team of over 70 attorneys and legal professionals has helped countless Texas families work through these difficult situations. Some eventually pursue formal dissolution. Others find ways to reconnect. Understanding what drives couples into these arrangements and recognizing when it may be time to make a change can help you determine the best path forward. Are You in a Silent Divorce? Take the Quiz Related: Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer | Southlake Divorce Lawyer | Dallas Divorce Attorney | Denton County Divorce Lawyer How Is a Silent Divorce Different from a Quiet Divorce? The terms "silent divorce" and "quiet divorce" are sometimes used interchangeably, but they describe different situations. A silent divorce means remaining legally married while living separate emotional lives. The couple continues sharing a home and maintaining appearances, but the relationship has ended in every way that matters. There are no court filings, no moving trucks, and no announcements. The dissolution remains hidden from public view. A quiet divorce, on the other hand, involves actually ending the marriage through the legal divorce process but doing so without drama, public announcements, or the conflict that often accompanies marital dissolution. Couples who pursue a quiet divorce have usually already processed their feelings and reached a point of mutual acceptance before filing paperwork. By the time they contact attorneys, they are ready to move forward amicably, often through mediation or collaborative law processes. The key distinction: a quiet divorce legally ends the marriage. A silent divorce keeps it legally intact while the emotional connection disappears. What Does Emotional Divorce Look Like? Emotional divorce refers to the internal experience of silent separation. One or both spouses have withdrawn their emotional investment from the marriage. They no longer share their fears, hopes, or daily experiences with each other. Conversations become transactional, focused on logistics rather than connection. The emotional intimacy that sustains healthy marriages has disappeared. Silent divorces rarely happen overnight. They develop gradually as couples drift apart, often so slowly that neither spouse can identify exactly when the connection was lost. Recognizing the warning signs can help couples... > Can a juror quit? Despite what some news outlets are reporting, a juror cannot just quit. So what really happened in Trump's hush money trial? - Published: 2024-04-18 - Modified: 2024-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-a-juror-quit/ Can you "quit" a jury? The media is reporting that a "juror quit over the fear of being outed" in the historic Trump Hush Money Trial. Is it possible for a juror to quit? First, it's important to understand that a jury has not been empaneled in former President Trump's case. They are still in jury selection. In regards to the juror who reportedly "quit," this is a critically important factor. Can a juror quit? In the United States, once a juror is officially empaneled and sworn in for a trial, they cannot simply "quit" or voluntarily leave their duty without facing potential legal consequences. Jurors are expected to fulfill their civic duty unless the court excuses them for valid reasons. Can a potential juror quit? During the jury selection process, known as voir dire, potential jurors can be dismissed for various reasons, including personal hardships, biases, or conflicts of interest that might affect their ability to serve impartially. So, if the potential juror came forward and said they could not be fair or would consider something outside the evidence presented in the courtroom, they could be excused for cause. If the judge did not dismiss the potential juror for cause at that point, either side could use a peremptory challenge. So in essence, by speaking up and expressing a bias or outside influence that they could not set aside, a juror can effectively ensure they will not be on the jury. Challenges for Cause vs. Peremptory Challenges The difference between a challenge for cause and a peremptory challenge lies primarily in the reasons and justifications required for each during the jury selection process. Challenge for Cause A challenge for cause requires a specific, legally valid reason to disqualify a potential juror. This type of challenge is used when there is evidence that a juror may not be able to perform their duties impartially. Common reasons for a challenge for cause include: Conflicts of interest, such as a relationship with someone involved in the trial Pre-existing knowledge or strong opinions about the case that could prevent objective judgment Inability to communicate effectively or understand the proceedings due to language barriers or disabilities Demonstrable bias or prejudice against one of the parties involved in the trial Judges must approve challenges for cause, and there is no limit to the number of these challenges a party can make, provided they can substantiate each one Peremptory Challenge Peremptory challenges, on the other hand, allow attorneys to exclude potential jurors without providing a specific reason or justification. However, these challenges are limited in number and cannot be used to discriminate based on race, ethnicity, or sex, as established by the Batson v. Kentucky decision. Peremptory challenges primarily aim to help attorneys shape the jury composition based on their instincts or strategic considerations about how jurors might react to the case. How many jurors will serve in Trump's hush money trial? In Donald Trump's hush money trial, the plan is to have 12 jurors and... > Efforts to legalize sports betting in Texas have failed so far. When will it pass? - Published: 2024-04-17 - Modified: 2024-04-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/will-texas-legalize-sports-betting/ As of 2024, sports betting is not legal in Texas despite efforts to change this. There have, however, been many efforts to legalize sports betting in the Lone Star State. It is also no secret that several billionaires see this changing in the future. In this article, we will explore the current state of sports betting in Texas and, perhaps more importantly, when sports betting might become legal in Texas. Is sports betting legal in Texas? Sports betting is illegal in Texas, and efforts to legalize it have faced significant challenges. Despite the federal ban on sports betting being lifted, allowing states to decide on their legalization, Texas has not successfully legalized sports betting. Is it legal for someone in Texas to place a bet in another state? A Texas resident can travel to a state where it is legal to place a bet, such as Nevada and place a bet while they are there. It is not legal for someone who is physically in Texas to place a sports bet in another state. Does that mean bets aren’t placed by Texans every day? Are sports betting apps legal in Texas? Sports betting apps are not legal in Texas. Apps like Bovada try to skirt this by operating outside the United States. Yet, for users in Texas, Penal Code Section 47. 02 still applies. This prohibits bets on the partial or final result of a game or contest or on the performance of a participant in a game or contest. In other words, there is some risk that a person could be prosecuted for using an app to place bets online from Texas. With that said, in 15 years as a criminal lawyer in Texas, I have never seen a gambling prosecution based on a sports betting app. Other apps like Fliff try to skirt Texas law by offering “Fliff Coins” and “Fliff Cash” instead of dollars and cents directly as winnings. However, the Texas gambling law covers anything of value, so this would not be a successful defense. What is the punishment for placing a sports bet in Texas? The only silver lining is that gambling is a Class C misdemeanor in Texas, meaning it is not punishable by jail time. It is, instead, punishable by a maximum fine of $500. This also means that these types of offenses would be prosecuted by cities and generally not district attorneys or at the county level. Most cities don’t have the resources to prosecute these cases. What efforts have been made to legalize sports betting in Texas? In 2023, Texas saw legislative efforts aimed at legalizing sports betting. The Texas House of Representatives has shown some support for sports betting legislation, with bills such as HB 1942, which would legalize mobile sports betting, and HJR 102, which would establish brick-and-mortar casinos. HJR 102 (2023) House Joint Resolution 102 (HJR 102) was a legislative proposal in Texas aiming to create a constitutional amendment to legalize wagering on certain sporting events within the... > Varghese Summersett expands to Southlake with divisions for personal injury, criminal defense, and family law. - Published: 2024-04-17 - Modified: 2025-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-expands-to-southlake/ Varghese Summersett, one of the fastest-growing family law, personal injury, and criminal defense practices in North Texas, has expanded to Southlake with the opening of a third location. The firm, which is headquartered in downtown Fort Worth and has a location in downtown Dallas, is now providing comprehensive legal services to clients in Southlake, Westlake, Trophy Club, and the surrounding areas. Its newest location in the Kirkwood Oaks Business Center, 3120 Sabre Drive on the border of Southlake and Westlake, is strategically positioned to offer exceptional representation to clients who prefer to have legal matters handled close to home. "The decision to expand to Southlake was driven by a growing demand for high-caliber legal services in the area," said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. "This is a unique community with discerning clients who prioritize expertise, reputation, and personalized service. Our firm is perfectly aligned to meet our clients’ highest expectations while helping them through life’s most difficult challenges. ” https://youtu. be/CIdkkeOb9Fg Varghese Summersett has three dedicated divisions — family law, personal injury, and criminal defense — each staffed with a team of attorneys and legal professionals. These teams are committed to delivering exceptional results and providing unmatched client experiences while maintaining the utmost discretion. "Going through a legal matter is often an intensely private and emotionally taxing journey,” said Partner Anna Summersett. “Clients usually don’t want members of their social circle to see them walking into an attorney's office on the town square. Our Southlake location was strategically selected for its privacy and convenience, providing a discreet yet accessible place for clients to meet with their attorney. ” While Varghese Summersett's physical location in Southlake is new, many of the firm's team members live in the area and are deeply invested in the community. Two attorneys leading Southlake’s family law division - Partner Wade Griffin and Senior Counsel Nicole Carroll - have been practicing in the area for decades, and Nicole is raising her children in Southlake. “Our approach is deeply personal," Carroll said. "We understand the impact that legal issues can have on an individual and their family, and we're committed to providing not only legal expertise but also emotional support. This is particularly important in divorce and family law matters, which can affect every aspect of our clients' lives. How to Get to Our Southlake Location Divorce is difficult in any city, but it can be even more challenging in Southlake and Westlake, where personal and professional lives are interwoven within an affluent tight-knit community. We understand that discretion and privacy are paramount, which is why our Southlake location is tucked away, offering a secluded space for our clients to navigate their legal proceedings with minimal public exposure. In this video, we show you how to get to Varghese Summersett's Southlake location, including parking options and access to the building. https://youtu. be/m-prji3QU88 About Varghese Summersett Varghese Summersett is a premiere criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice in North Texas dedicated to helping people through... > Traveling to Texas for the April 8 solar eclipse? Here's some Texas laws eclipse tourists should know about during their stay in the Lone Star State. - Published: 2024-04-17 - Modified: 2024-04-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/eclipse-tourists/ More than a million tourists are expected to be in Texas to witness the total solar eclipse on April 8. The influx has prompted many counties and cities to issue local disaster declarations, and every law enforcement officer in the state will be on duty and high alert. While officials expect eclipse tourists to be on their best behavior during their stay in the Lone Star State, some will undoubtedly find themselves on the wrong side of the law. After all, what's legal in their state may be against the law in Texas. To help visitors avoid legal pitfalls and ensure their eclipse experience is memorable for all the right reasons, we've compiled this handy guide to Texas laws. Gun Laws Texas has relatively permissive gun laws. Most people 18 or older can carry a handgun in a holster without a permit, both openly or concealed. However, there are restrictions on where you can carry a firearm, such as schools, courthouses, bars, and secured areas of the airport. Non-residents are permitted to carry a gun in Texas as long as they are legally licensed under their state and federal laws. So if you are planning on carrying a handgun, be sure to bring your permit, as Texas recognizes concealed carry permits from more than 40 states that have reciprocity with Texas. Alcohol Laws The legal drinking age in Texas is 21. However, people under the age of 21 can consume alcohol in the presence of an adult parent, guardian, or spouse. Of course, It's illegal for anyone to drive while intoxicated - which is defined as having a blood alcohol concentration of . 08 or more or not having normal physical or mental faculties due to an intoxicant. It's also illegal for anyone to drive or ride with an open container of alcohol in the vehicle. Additionally, Texas has specific times when alcohol can be sold, which can vary by city or county. Public Intoxication Law It may be tempting for eclipse tourists to indulge in celebratory drinks during this once-in-a-lifetime event but don't overdo it. Public intoxication is a crime in Texas. This offense occurs when a person is so intoxicated in public that they pose a danger to themselves or others. And while the punishment is a $500 fine, you will likely end up in jail to sober up. Marijuana Laws Marijuana is legal in many states across the country, but Texas is not one of them. Possession of marijuana is illegal in Texas, and penalties can be severe. For example, possession of two to four ounces is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Anything amount above that is a felony. And let's not forget about vaping - a common way people are inhaling THC these days. In Texas, vaping THC is a felony, regardless of your age or the amount. Trespassing Law With the influx of tourists seeking the best spots to view the eclipse, it... - Published: 2024-04-17 - Modified: 2024-05-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/will-texas-legalize-marijuana/ Marijuana is not legal in Texas. When will it be legalized? In the midst of a nation shifting its view on cannabis, one question arises: will Texas legalize marijuana? Some ask, "When will Texas legalize marijuana. " Texas has a long-standing history of having harsher marijuana laws than the rest of the country. While general sentiments around marijuana continue to evolve, there's more at play in Texas than public opinion. In this article, we unpack the current debates and the political environment in Texas and discuss whether legalization will take root in the Lone Star State. Is marijuana illegal in Texas? Yes, marijuana is illegal in Texas. The statute governing the illegality of marijuana in Texas is Texas Health & Safety Code § 481. 121. In Texas, the legal distinction between marijuana and hemp hinges on the concentration of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Hemp is legally defined in Texas as any part of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, including its derivatives and extracts, provided it contains no more than 0. 3 percent THC on a dry weight basis. Any cannabis with a THC concentration higher than 0. 3 percent is classified as marijuana and is illegal. Source: Texas Agriculture Code, Section 121. 001. Marijuana Legalization in Texas: The High Points Texas is one of 26 remaining states where marijuana is still illegal. Any amount of usable marijuana remains a jailable offense in Texas. The most notable exception to criminalized marijuana possession is for prescribed medical purposes. Yet medical use in one state does not translate to approved medical use in Texas. In recent years, Texas has adopted and expanded its Compassionate Use Program, which allows low-level THC cannabis for medical use under a narrow set of circumstances. Public opinion in Texas shows significant support for legalizing recreational marijuana, but a key actor in the Texas legislature will almost single-handedly prevent marijuana from being legalized. Federal legislation mirrored by Texas makes the prosecution of marijuana (and required distinction from hemp) an expensive proposition for prosecutors. Any amount of delta 9 THC at a concentration greater than . 3% outside of the plant is a felony offense in Texas. Exploring the Current Cannabis Climate in Texas The distinction between hemp and marijuana is an important one under federal and Texas law. This increases the cost of testing and prosecution in Texas. Similarly, while the state’s Compassionate Use Program allows low-THC cannabis for medical purposes, this provision is much narrower than most other states, and a "medical use card" from another state has no legal significance in Texas. Support for marijuana is growing in Texas. Hemp and CBD: Legal Status To make sense of the cannabis confusion in Texas, one must grasp the subtleties of hemp and CBD. House Bill 1325 was a game-changer, legally distinguishing hemp-derived products such as CBD, Delta-8, and Delta-9 THC from hemp, as long as they contain less than 0. 3% THC. But don’t light up just yet—while you can legally enjoy these compounds in Texas, the issue of... > If you are wondering, "is marriage counseling required" before or during a divorce in Texas, this article explains it. - Published: 2024-04-13 - Modified: 2024-08-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-marriage-counseling-required-during-a-divorce-in-texas/ Divorce and Marriage Counseling in Texas Divorce is never ideal. After all, what couple anticipates their relationship failing? Unfortunately, divorce is often necessary when issues in the marriage can’t be resolved. And by the time one of the parties considers divorce, the chance that marriage counseling can save the relationship may have passed. Counseling, however, is often wise before making such a life-altering decision as divorce. And in Texas, a judge can actually order marriage counseling in divorce - albeit rare. This article answers the question, "Is marriage counseling required during a divorce in Texas? " In this post, we’ll look at the role marriage counseling has during a divorce, the powers of a Texas judge, and what you should do if your spouse wants a divorce. Does Texas require marriage counseling during a divorce? No. But Texas Family Code Sec. 6. 505 allows the court to direct both parties in a pending divorce to meet with a couples counselor. Although rare, it happens. What does Texas law allow judges to order during a divorce? Per the Texas Family Code, a judge can order a married couple to see a court-appointed counselor before approving a divorce. The counselor submits "a written report to the court and the parties before the final hearing. " The counselor's report offers an opinion on "whether there exists a reasonable expectation of reconciliation of the parties and, if so, whether further counseling would be beneficial. " The counselor's report helps the judge determine whether the divorce proceedings should continue pending further counseling. If the judge thinks there is a reasonable chance the marriage can be salvaged, the court, by written order, could require further counseling for a maximum 60-day period, "subject to any terms, conditions, and limitations the court considers desirable. " The law says "the court may consider the circumstances of the parties, including the needs of the parties' family and the availability of counseling services," not the court "shall. " This makes the decision of counseling wholly specific to each judge. When the court-specified time period expires, the counselor reports to the court as to the compliance of both parties. From there, the judge generally proceeds with the divorce process. Can a Texas judge force you to stay married? No. But in rare cases, a judge could delay your divorce. If the court-appointed counselor’s report finds there is a reasonable chance of reconciliation, the judge can order more counseling sessions for up to a 60-day period. Of course, after the 60-day period, the couple can choose to continue divorce proceedings. When would a Texas judge order marriage counseling? Although it’s rare, a family court judge could find a reason to order marriage counseling with a court-appointed counselor. If the judge believes neither spouse wants a divorce, he could order counseling to preserve the marriage. If the judge sees ways the couple could resolve their disputes without divorce, he could order counseling. If the judge believes preserving the marriage is integral to a child’s... > Intoxication charges in Texas range from misdemeanor DWI to felony Intoxication Manslaughter charges. Learn more. - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2025-12-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/intoxication-charges-in-texas/ Intoxication Crimes Lawyer in Dallas Thousands of people are charged each year in Dallas County with an “intoxication crime. ” An intoxication crime refers to an offense that stems from being under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or both. They range from a Class C public intoxication ticket all the way up to second-degree intoxication manslaughter, which is the most severe intoxication crime in Texas. In this article, our Dallas criminal defense lawyer explains intoxication charges in Texas. Intoxication charges can carry lasting implications. Depending on the offense, they can jeopardize your freedom and your future. At a minimum, they could affect your ability to drive to work or school. That’s why it’s incredibly important to retain an experienced Dallas intoxication crimes lawyer immediately if you have been arrested for an intoxicated-related offense. The sooner you get in front of the case, the better off you will be. These cases can be complex and strict deadlines often must be adhered to, especially if your driving privileges are in jeopardy or if you are seeking admission into a DWI education or diversion program. In this article, we will cover Texas’ intoxication crimes and punishments and how our team defends intoxication charges. Don’t miss the informational videos by Benson Varghese, a Board-Certified Criminal Law Specialist and skilled Dallas intoxication crimes lawyer. Nine Texas Intoxication Offenses Chapter 49 of the Texas Penal Code lists nine intoxication and alcoholic beverage charges. Most of the offenses, such as Public Intoxication and DWI, are very common and chances are you probably know someone who has been arrested for one of these offenses. A few of the other charges are less common, such as BWI and FYI. 1. Public Intoxication Offense: A person commits public intoxication if he or she is so intoxicated in public that they pose a danger to themselves or others. Punishment: Class C Misdemeanor, punishable by up to a $500 fine. 2. Possession of Alcoholic Beverage in a Motor Vehicle (Open Container) Offense: A person commits an open container violation if they possess an open container of alcohol in a vehicle on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being driven, stopped or parked. Punishment: Possession of an alcoholic beverage in a vehicle is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by up to a $500 fine. 3. Driving While Intoxicated Offense: A person commits Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) if he or she is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place. Under the law, a driver is considered intoxicated if he or she does not have normal use of their mental or physical faculties due to alcohol, drugs or a combination of both or if the driver has a blood alcohol concentration of at least . 08. Punishment: A first-time DWI conviction is a Class B misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in the county jail and a maximum $2000 fine. However, the punishment can go up if the driver’s BAC is over. 15 or if he or she... > Our Dallas injury to a child lawyer explains the offense, punishment range, and possible defenses. - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/dallas/injury-to-a-child/ Dallas Injury to a Child Lawyer, Serving Dallas and Surrounding Areas In Texas, injury to a child is a felony charge that can stem from minor bruises, broken bones, or even death. If you or a loved one has been accused of harming a child, it's imperative to contact an experienced Dallas injury to a child lawyer immediately. These charges are severe and can result in prison time, steep fines, loss of child custody, and media attention. Often, these allegations surface from accidents, mistakes, misunderstandings, or reasonable discipline. Regardless of what got you in this situation, you are going to need a strong defense—and you need it now. Our team has vast experience handling child abuse allegations—first as highly trained prosecutors and now as leading defense lawyers. In this article, our criminal defense lawyers will explain the offense, potential punishments, and possible defenses. What is considered injury to a child in Dallas? Under Section 22. 04 of the Texas Penal Code, a person commits injury to a child if he or she intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence or by omission, causes to a child age 14 or under: serious bodily injury; serious mental deficiency, impairment or injury; or bodily injury As you can see, this is a very broad definition that encompasses a wide range of actions. For example, a person could be charged with injury to a child for breaking a broom handle and using it to repeatedly beat a toddler for not using the toilet. In this example, the act was intentional and caused bodily injury or even serious bodily injury, depending on the severity of the injury. Let's take the same scenario and apply it to the mother, who is a victim of domestic violence herself and watched the beating, but was too scared to intervene or seek medical care for the injured baby. In this scenario, she, too, could be arrested and charged with injury to a child by omission, but has a valid defense. The examples above illustrate two rather extreme examples of injury to a child charges. Oftentimes, the line between a crime and reasonable discipline or an accident is not so clear. If you or a loved one has been charged with injury to a child, it's best to contact an experienced Dallas injury to a child lawyer to find out exactly what the allegations are and how law enforcement is charging the case. From there, you can begin to build a defense strategy. Learn more: Meet our Dallas Criminal Defense Attorneys What is the punishment for injury to a child in Dallas? Injury to a child is a felony offense; however, the degree of injury depends upon the severity of the injury and the mental state of the defendant. Our Dallas injury to a child lawyer breaks down the potential punishments in the table below. LEVEL OF INJURY MENTAL STATE LEVEL OF OFFENSE Bodily Injury Negligently State Jail Felony Bodily Injury Recklessly State Jail Felony Bodily injury Intentionally or Knowingly... > Our wrong way driver accident lawyer breaks down what to do if you or a loved one was injured by a driver going the wrong way. - Published: 2024-04-12 - Modified: 2026-02-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrong-way-driver/ There is nothing more terrifying than a wrong-way driver. Seeing headlights coming towards you at high speed, knowing you have no time to escape and that a crash is unavoidable, is a truly horrifying experience. For some, it is also a deadly one. According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, about 500 people die nationwide in wrong-way crashes every year - and Texas leads the way. In 2022, Dallas County alone had at least 22 deadly wrong-way crashes. That's a sobering statistic, especially when you consider that these crashes are entirely preventable. The consequences of wrong-way driving can be devastating, not just for the drivers involved but also for their families and loved ones. If you have been injured or a loved one killed in a wrong-way wreck in Dallas, Fort Worth, or the surrounding areas, it's important to seek help from an experienced North Texas wrong-way driver accident lawyer. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this comprehensive article, our personal injury lawyer explains wrong-way accidents, common causes of wrong-way car crashes, the process of recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Wrong-Way Collisions Are Often Deadly A "wrong-way accident" occurs when a vehicle travels in the opposite or wrong direction to the flow of traffic on a roadway, typically on highways or freeways, and collides with a vehicle traveling in the correct direction. These accidents are often severe and can be fatal due to the high speeds typically the vehicles involved, and the head-on nature of many wrong-way collisions. Wrong-way accidents can be caused by various factors, including driver impairment due to alcohol or drugs, lack of proper signage, or driver confusion or inattention. According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, more than 2,000 people died in wrong-way driving crashes on divided highways between 2015 and 2018. Of that number, 309 fatalities occurred in Texas, giving the Lone Star State the unfortunate distinction of having the highest number of wrong-way driving fatalities in the nation. These accidents are not only costly in terms of lives lost but also result in significant financial losses, including property damage and medical and funeral expenses. If you were injured or a loved one killed in a wrong way crash, it's extremely important to reach out to an experienced wrong-way driver accident lawyer. Primary Causes of Wrong Way Accidents Alcohol and Intoxication Alcohol impairs a driver's judgment, coordination, and reaction times. Consider these statistics by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety: More than half of all wrong-way drivers had blood alcohol levels more than twice the legal limit. Six out of 10 wrong-way crashes involved an alcohol-impaired driver. Drivers with blood alcohol concentrations over the legal limit of 0. 08 were significantly more likely to be wrong-way drivers than non-alcohol-impaired drivers involved in the same crashes. Blood Alcohol Concentration (grams per deciLiter) Number of Wrong-Way Drivers (%) BAC < 0. 01 1053... > There are several ways to divide business assets in divorce in Texas. Contact Varghese Summersett Family Law Group at (817) 900-3220. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/business-assets-in-divorce/ How Are Business Assets Divided in a Texas Divorce? A business is often one of a person’s most valuable assets, not only financially but also personally. A successful business takes years of hard work, patience, and personal investment to grow from the ground up. If you are facing the possibility of a divorce, you may want to consider taking steps to ensure that your business assets are protected. After going through a divorce, the last thing a couple wants is to sell off their business or even co-manage it. Learn about business assets in divorce. What Happens to Property During a Divorce? How property is divided during a divorce depends on the state. Texas is referred to as a “community property” state, and only a handful of other states follow this type of law. According to the Texas Family Code Sec. 3. 002, community property is any property acquired by either spouse during the marriage. Understanding Community Property vs. Separate Property in Texas Courts will presume that any property owned by either spouse during or at the end of the marriage is community property unless otherwise proven by clear and convincing evidence. Property that is not community property is considered separate property. This includes any property acquired prior to the marriage, received during the marriage through inheritance or as a gift, or money received in recovery from personal injuries sustained during the marriage. https://youtu. be/hIhd-bRg02k? feature=shared How Are Business Assets Divided in Divorce? In a community property state such as Texas, any community property is divided equally between the spouses upon divorce. Unlike in equitable distribution states, where judges have some discretion in how to fairly divide up the property, community property is divided 50/50 between the spouses. Equal Division of Property in Texas Divorces All community property assets, therefore, need to be divided equally, unless otherwise agreed upon. While some assets, like cash and stocks, may be easy to divide between spouses, other property, such as real estate, cars, and businesses, are less straightforward to divide equally. If a business was started during the marriage, and both spouses contributed to it, it is likely going to be treated as community property, and therefore divided equally upon divorce. Below are a few examples of how business assets are divided in divorce. Examples of How Business Assets Are Divided in Divorce First, the court may simply require the business owners to sell the business and divide the proceeds. While this is one way to ensure that the value of the business is split down the middle, it is usually not the owners’ preferred option. It is hard to see your business fall into someone else’s hands, and for many, it is a primary source of income. Therefore, most business owners will try to avoid this route. Another option is that the court might order a buy-out, where one spouse is ordered to sell their interest in the property to another. A third option is that the spouses may continue to own... > On February 16, 2024, Elena Rios was tragically killed in a Walmart forklift accident. If you have information call 817-207-4878. - Published: 2024-04-11 - Modified: 2024-04-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/answers-for-elena-rios/ On February 16, 2024, Elena Rios, a mother of four and grandmother of 13, was tragically killed in a forklift accident at a north Fort Worth Walmart distribution center. Elena was a 10-year employee for Walmart, certified to operate forklifts and other heavy machinery. The family first learned about the accident on the news and was given conflicting information about what occurred. They retained the law firm of Varghese Summersett to investigate the accident and hold any person or corporation accountable whose actions or inactions could have prevented the untimely death of the matriarch of their family. Elena was a devoted mother, grandmother, sister, and friend. On the day of the accident, she was planning to attend her 18-year-old granddaughter's college softball game after she finished her shift at Walmart. Sadly, she never got that chance. To date, the family still doesn't know exactly what caused Elena's death, as the autopsy hasn't been released. The family has more questions than answers. If you or someone you know has a tip or lead regarding this case, please email answersforelena@versusinjury. com or call 817-207-4878. You may remain anonymous. Elena Rios with her grandkids > If you have suffered a loss, you may be wondering what a personal injury case timeline looks like. In this article we discuss the factors that affect this. - Published: 2024-03-17 - Modified: 2025-12-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-case-timeline/ How Long Does a Personal Injury Case Take in Texas? Most personal injury cases in Texas settle within 12 to 18 months, though complex cases involving catastrophic injuries or disputed liability can take two to three years or longer. The timeline depends on factors like the severity of your injuries, how long your medical treatment lasts, and whether the case goes to trial. Under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code § 16. 003, you have two years from the date of injury to file a lawsuit, so understanding each phase helps you plan accordingly. Watch this video from attorney Ty Stimpson, who leads our Personal Injury Division, for an overview of what to expect as he explains the personal injury case timeline. https://youtu. be/qIcuFCk786g The Phases of a Texas Personal Injury Case A personal injury case moves through distinct stages, each building on the last. Some phases run concurrently. For example, your attorney investigates while you receive treatment. Others, like settlement negotiations, cannot begin until you reach maximum medical improvement. Here is how a typical case unfolds from the moment of injury through resolution. The Loss: When Your Claim Begins Every personal injury case starts with a loss. This could be a car accident on I-35, a slip and fall at a Dallas grocery store, a defective product that caused harm, or medical malpractice at a Houston hospital. In wrongful death cases, the loss is the death of a loved one. The circumstances of this incident form the foundation of your claim. Texas follows a fault-based system, meaning the person or entity whose negligence caused your injury bears financial responsibility. The strength of your case depends on establishing that negligence clearly, which is why documenting everything from day one matters. Emergency Treatment: The First 72 Hours After an accident, your health comes first. Emergency rooms treat patients regardless of payment arrangements, focusing solely on stabilizing your condition. This immediate medical care creates the first records linking your injuries to the incident. Here is where many injured Texans run into an unexpected problem. Once emergency treatment ends, some doctors and specialists refuse to treat accident victims on a lien basis. They do not want to wait months or years for payment while your case resolves. If you have been turned away by a medical provider after an accident, our personal injury team can connect you with physicians who will treat you now and wait for payment until your case settles. Initial Consultation with a Personal Injury Attorney Whether you contact an attorney immediately after the accident or weeks later when medical bills start piling up, this consultation sets the direction of your case. At Varghese Summersett, initial consultations are free. During this meeting, we review the facts of your case, explain your legal options under Texas law, and discuss whether you have grounds for a claim. We also explain our contingency fee arrangement. You pay nothing upfront. Our fee comes from the settlement or verdict we obtain for you. If we... > What to do if a detective calls? This article outlines what you should and should not do. (Hint: Call a defense attorney ASAP). - Published: 2024-03-16 - Modified: 2025-12-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-if-a-detective-calls/ A detective just called. What should you do? Do not talk to the detective. Whether you're innocent, guilty, or being told you're "just a witness," you should never speak with a detective without consulting a criminal defense attorney first. The only exception is if you are the victim of a crime. Ask for the detective's name, badge number, and callback number, then hang up and call a lawyer immediately. Police officers and detectives are trained to take advantage of the fact that most people have never planned for this moment. Human nature makes us want to cooperate, explain ourselves, and clear things up. Detectives know this and use it against you. At Varghese Summersett, our criminal defense attorneys have spent years on both sides of these conversations. We know exactly how detectives operate and how to protect you. Watch this video from attorney Tiffany Burks explaining why you should never speak without a lawyer present. https://youtu. be/OQwiUpQ_xSg Why do detectives call people? Detectives contact people for several reasons. You might be a witness to a crime, a person of interest, or an actual suspect. You might have information valuable to an investigation without even realizing it. Sometimes detectives call to "rule someone out" as a suspect. Regardless of what they tell you, their job is to build cases and gather evidence. Being contacted by a detective does not automatically mean you're suspected of a crime. But it doesn't matter. Anything you say can become evidence, and even innocent statements can be twisted or misunderstood. The safest response is the same whether you're a witness or a target: get a lawyer involved before you say anything. What should you do immediately when a detective calls? Stay calm. Your first instinct might be to explain yourself or ask what's going on. Resist that urge. Instead, follow these steps: First, verify the caller's identity. Scammers sometimes impersonate police to intimidate people into revealing information. Ask for the detective's full name, badge number, and a phone number where you can reach them. A real detective will provide this information without hesitation. Second, assume you're being recorded. Many jurisdictions allow one-party consent recording. The detective may be recording the call without telling you. Every word you say could end up as evidence. Third, end the conversation politely. Say something like: "I'd like to help, but I need to speak with an attorney first. My lawyer will be in touch. " Then hang up and call a criminal defense attorney immediately. Do not answer any questions about where you were, who you were with, or what you know. Even seemingly harmless details can place you at a scene or connect you to evidence you didn't know existed. Can detectives lie to you? Yes. Detectives can legally lie to you during an investigation. This is one of the most important facts to understand. Under Texas and federal law, police have no obligation to tell you the truth during questioning. They can claim they have evidence they don't... > Referral fees in Texas can be paid under the right set of circumstances. - Published: 2024-03-15 - Modified: 2024-03-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/referral-fees-in-texas/ How to Ethically Accept Referral Fees, Fee Splits, or Co-Counsel Fees We take attorney referrals as the highest compliment. When you call our firm and entrust a case with one of our attorneys, we know it is critically important for you that the client receive the white glove treatment we have become known for. We also recognize that as a fellow attorney, you have many relationships to choose from, and selecting Varghese Summersett as your trusted partner is not something we take lightly. As an attorney, there is also an opportunity to be compensated for your involvement in the case you refer. In this article we will discuss how we are able to ethically share attorneys fees, or fee split in Texas, without running afoul of the prohibition of referral fees in the true sense of that phrase. This article aims to provide an overview of the key considerations and best practices for engaging in co-counsel opportunities and referral fee arrangements in Texas personal injury cases in compliance with the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct. Understanding Referral Fees and Co-Counsel Arrangements Referral fees in Texas are governed by Rule 1. 04(f) of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, which allows for the division of fees between lawyers who are not in the same firm under certain conditions. To comply with Texas ethics rules, referral fees must be based on either a “proportion of services” basis or a “joint responsibility” basis, ensuring that each lawyer involved plays a significant role in the case beyond just referring it. We make either of these propositions straightforward. How to Share Joint Responsibility The comments to Texas Rule of Professional Conduct 1. 04 emphasize the importance of ensuring adequate representation and maintaining communication. Ensuring Adequate Representation: Before referring a case, attorneys must assess the client’s legal needs and be confident that the attorney they are referring the case to is competent to handle it. The team at Varghese Summersett is made up of seasoned trial attorneys. We have recovered millions for our personal injury clients and have handled everything from car accidents to wrongful death cases that garnered nationwide attention. Maintaining Communication: The comment to Rule 1. 04 notes the referring attorney should keep track of the case and ensure that the client is informed about important issues throughout the representation. We make this a very straightforward proposition by giving access to case updates and our case management portal so there’s never a doubt the client is receiving the highest level of communication. We leverage the power of our case management system to keep you informed about every aspect of the case. When we take on something as a joint responsibility, we understand your obligation to the client as well as ours. Our job is to use our expertise to move the case forward, and we recognize your need and desire to ensure we are doing all the things that you entrusted us to do. As the referring attorney, you have a vested... > Adultery in military marriages isn't a private matter - it's a crime. Find out the consequences of engaging in extramarital sexual conduct. - Published: 2024-03-01 - Modified: 2024-03-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-in-military-marriages/ Marriage is hard, but marriages in the military can be even more difficult. Between the relocations, long deployments, and the stress of the job, it’s not uncommon for service members to seek comfort and companionship outside their marriage. But in the military, adultery is not just a marital issue. It is also a crime. In this article, we discuss adultery in military marriages, including possible consequences for the service member involved and how that differs from infidelity in a “regular” divorce in Texas. Understanding Adultery in the Military When someone joins the military, they agree to hold themselves to a higher moral standard. This includes not only obeying state and federal laws but also following the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The UCMJ is a set of laws passed by Congress to govern the military justice system. It applies to all members of the United States Armed Forces and outlines legal standards, procedures, and punishments for various offenses. One of the offenses in the code is “Extramarital Sexual Conduct” under Article 134, formerly known as “Adultery. ” Article 134 makes it a crime for military personnel to engage in sexual conduct with another person of the same or opposite sex who is not their spouse. Sexual conduct includes: (a) genital to genital sexual intercourse; (b) oral to genital sexual intercourse; (c) anal to genital sexual intercourse; and (d) oral to anal sexual intercourse. For it to be criminal, the conduct must also be “prejudicial to good order and discipline or of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces. ” In other words, the conduct must have a negative impact on the military, injuring its reputation or undermining its authority. > On January 1, 2024, a new law went into effect in Texas preventing patients from recieving a surprise ambulance bill. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-02-26 - Modified: 2024-02-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/surprise-ambulance-bills/ When a patient is rushed by ambulance to the hospital, chances are they aren’t thinking about the cost of the ride or whether the ambulance provider is “in-network. ” Their immediate concern is receiving emergency care. Weeks or months later, they get hit with a surprise ambulance bill, usually thousands of dollars. The pain and stress of the initial emergency now have an added layer: financial hardship. Fortunately, Texas has made it tougher for ambulance providers to blindside you with a surprise bill. On January 1, 2024, a new law went into effect preventing surprise ambulance bills for patients with state health insurance plans. During the 88th Texas Legislature, lawmakers passed Senate Bill 2476, which prohibits out-of-network ambulance providers from sending patients surprise bills and requires insurers to cover the costs based on local rates set by counties and cities. If there isn’t a local ambulance rate, the insurers will pay the lesser of the 325 percent of the Medicare reimbursement rate or the full bill charged. In this article, the personal injury team at Varghese Summersett explain the problem with surprise billing, the new law, and what it means for Texans. Surprise Medical Bills A surprise medical bill, often referred to as “balance billing,” occurs when patients receive care from a hospital, clinic, or medical provider that is not within their health insurance network, and then get billed the difference between what their insurer is willing to pay and what the healthcare provider charges. This situation typically arises in emergency situations where patients do not have the ability to choose an in-network provider, such as emergency room visits, ambulance rides, or when receiving treatment from out-of-network specialists at in-network facilities. The result can be an unexpectedly high bill that the patient is responsible for, often amounting to thousands of dollars, adding financial stress to the patient’s recovery process. Surprise Ambulance Bills A surprise ambulance bill in Texas refers to an unexpected and usually costly bill that patients receive after relying on ambulance services during an emergency. This type of billing occurs when the ambulance service provider is not part of the patient’s health insurance network, leading to a situation where the insurance covers only a portion of the cost or none at all. As a result, the patient is left covering the significant difference between what the insurance pays and the total charge from the ambulance service. These bills can be particularly shocking and burdensome, as individuals in need of emergency medical attention rarely have the opportunity to choose their ambulance provider or verify network status in the midst of a crisis. Senate Bill 2476: Texas Puts the Breaks on Surprise Ambulance Bills In 2019, Texas enacted the Surprise Billing Act to protect consumers from surprise medical billing. A similar federal mandate, the “No Surprises Act,” was enacted in 2022. Unfortunately, neither mandate applied to ground ambulance services. Texas Senate Bill 2746, authored by Judith Zaffirini (D-Larado), sought to close that gap by prohibiting municipalities from engaging in balance... > Our Personal Injury lawyer explains how to prove wrongful death in Texas. - Published: 2024-02-22 - Modified: 2024-11-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-prove-wrongful-death/ When Is a Wrongful Death Claim Appropriate? It's never easy losing a loved one. The mounting bills, funeral planning, and financial adjustment can be challenging — but none of this equals the devastation of the personal loss. Sadly, these situations are made even worse when another person's negligence leads to the tragedy. This can leave survivors wondering how to prove wrongful death in Texas. The first step in this process is realizing when it's appropriate to file such a case. While there are many complexities involved — some of which may need to be settled in court — there's a basic way to access a case. Consider the incident that led to your loved one's death. Had they survived, would they have had a valid Fort Worth personal injury case? If the answer to this is "yes," then it's likely that you have a valid wrongful death claim. However, proving your case could be difficult. The Elements of a Wrongful Death Claim To prove wrongful death in a Fort Worth legal case, it's necessary to establish that another party is liable for your tragic loss. There are many strategies for doing this, but they all depend on proving three specific elements in court. These include: Duty of Care A duty of care is simply a responsibility to avoid acts that could harm others. For instance, motorists have a duty of care to drive safely. Doctors have a similar duty to follow best practices in the field. Establishing that a duty of care existed is paramount. Violation of Duty It's also necessary to show that the responsible party violated their duty of care. This means that proving wrongful death in a Fort Worth case requires presenting evidence that the other party did something wrong. For instance, maybe a motorist was speeding or a store owner failed to clean up a spill. Harm Causation People violate duties of care almost constantly. Anyone you see going faster than the speed limit is violating this duty. However, this only results in liability if harm results. In nearly all cases, the loss of a loved one easily meets this threshold. Steps for Proving Liability in a Wrongful Death Case Showing that the elements of liability exist in a case is a solid way to secure a settlement from the insurance company. However, adjusters will not always offer what you're entitled to — or they may try to avoid paying anything at all. In such cases, litigation may be necessary. If you find yourself in this situation, there are a few important steps in proving liability: Gather and preserve evidence Document the scene (if possible) Consult experts (e. g. , medical, legal, accident reconstructionists, etc. ) Establish that the person violated a duty of care and that this caused harm Utilize eyewitness testimony Depose opposing parties — ranging from the defendant to any of their witnesses Focus on causal links between the wrongful act and harm In cases involving negligence, highlight the fact that reasonable care... > Varghese Summersett was honored to host two legal legends - retired Judge Louis Sturns and renowned Defense Attorney Mike Heiskell - to commemorate Black History Month. - Published: 2024-02-22 - Modified: 2024-02-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-legends-share-wisdom-stories/ Varghese Summersett was honored to host two legal legends – retired Judge Louis Sturns and renowned Defense Attorney Mike Heiskell – to commemorate Black History Month during the firm’s weekly training session. “You are all in for a treat,” VS Partner Tiffany Burks told the firm’s attorneys and staff as she introduced her distinguished guests. “You are sitting in a room with greatness and history. ” Greatness and history, indeed! Sturns and Heiskell have left a lasting impact on the Tarrant County legal community and beyond. They’ve accomplished numerous “firsts” in their careers, which Burks touted during their introductions. The Honorable Judge Louis Sturns First African American Criminal Court Judge in Tarrant County First African American Judge to Serve on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals First African American President of the Tarrant County Bar Association Defense Attorney Mike Heiskell First African American President of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers First President of the Tarrant County Black Bar Association First African American to Graduate Baylor Law School After sharing their long list of achievements and accolades, Burks turned the floor over to Sturns and Heiskell, who candidly shared their advice, wisdom, and stories with the audience. They spoke about the challenges they faced as minority attorneys in a predominately white legal profession and how they overcame obstacles with determination, hard work, and professionalism. Judge Sturns came to Fort Worth in 1976 after serving three years as a captain in the United States Army Judge Advocate General Corps. He started a private practice with legal and civil rights legend L. Clifford Davis in the “heart of the hood” and represented poor people in all aspects of law – criminal, civil, and probate. “We basically took everything that came through the door,” Sturns said. Sturns said he learned a lot in those early years working alongside Davis, who taught him to treat everybody in the courtroom fairly, from the client and the judge to the bailiffs and clerks – advice that he has carried through his career and has served him well including when he was later on the bench. “I can tell you that I have seen a lot of things in the last 50-plus years,” he said. Some of the experiences that stand out, he said, include not having a single minority on any of his juries from 1976 to 1986 because prosecutors used their preemptory strike to dismiss minority jurors – a practice now unconstitutional thanks in part to the Batson v. Kentucky decision. Heiskell – who started a law practice in Fort Worth in 1984 after working as an Assistant United States Attorney in Dallas – recalled how people were often surprised when they first met him; they assumed he was white because of his German last name. “I would routinely have people come to my office, thinking I was a white guy and, when they found out I was a black guy, they turned around to leave,” he said. Heiskell recalled a family who retained... > A false accusation of domestic violence can ruin a person's life. Our law firm can help you understand how to respond to wrongful allegation. - Published: 2024-02-20 - Modified: 2024-04-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/false-accusation-of-domestic-violence/ False Accusations of Domestic Violence: A Serious Problem Prosecutors love talking about domestic violence. Tarrant County put up billboards and signs that say "not in my community. " No one will fault a person for being a domestic violence advocate, and rightly so. Yet, an overlooked fact is that false allegations of domestic violence happen every day for a myriad of reasons. It wasn't that long ago that Amber Heard agreed to pay Johnny Depp a million dollars for making a false accusation of domestic violence against him. People lie for money, attention, and even the ability to stay in the United States through special visas granted to victims of abuse. The Center for Prosecutor Integrity reports that 8% of over 2,400 Americans say they have been falsely accused of abuse. What to Do When Falsely Accused of Domestic Violence In a perfect world, there would be no such thing as false allegations. The system would have to deal with cases of mistaken identity every so often, but there would never be an instance where an alleged victim outright lied in order to harm someone. Unfortunately, we don't live in a perfect world. And if you're one of the thousands of innocent people who face these untrue allegations yearly in America, it's important that you know how to respond. Remain Calm Most people have no idea what to do when falsely accused of domestic violence. However, your first step should be to remain calm. Getting angry or responding aggressively will likely only make your situation worse. Understand Your Rights Understanding your legal rights and obligations is critical for fighting false accusations of domestic abuse. Most importantly, you have the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. These are the most critical freedoms you have when accused of a crime — and your attorney can explain any other rights and responsibilities you may have. Document and Preserve Everything Whether you're facing misdemeanor or felony charges, the consequences of a wrongful domestic violence conviction can be devastating. To avoid such an outcome, it's important to document and preserve any evidence that supports your innocence. Save call logs, text messages, social media screenshots, any communications with the alleged victim, and anything else that may prove useful in your case. Gather Witness Information There are two types of witnesses that can prove invaluable when a person is falsely accused of domestic violence in Fort Worth. First, anyone who can attest to what really happened is critical for establishing that abuse never occurred. Additionally, character witnesses can testify to the type of person you are and help the court understand that the allegations against you are false. Stay Patient The wheels of justice turn slowly. This is true for legitimate victims and the wrongfully accused alike. Domestic violence is a serious problem in our country, and actual victims lose their lives every day. The system must be thorough when handling these cases to avoid tragic outcomes. Trust the legal system to uncover... > Texas has set a goal of having no deaths on Texas roadways by 2050. How are we doing? Here's a look at car crash statistics from 2022 and 2023. - Published: 2024-02-19 - Modified: 2024-02-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/crash-statistics-in-texas/ More than a thousand people move to Texas daily, which means more drivers are traveling on our 200,000 miles of state-maintained roadways. To keep up with the influx, state officials have invested billions of dollars to make our roads safer. Still, it’s been 23 years since a day went by without a traffic fatality in Texas. And while this is a very stark statistic, Texas envisions a future with zero traffic fatalities and serious injuries. It has adopted a “Road to Zero” plan to reduce traffic fatalities on Texas roads to zero by 2050, and half by 2035. So, how are we doing? Let’s look at car crash statistics from the past two years. Texas Crash Data Have you ever wondered what happens to Texas crash reports after an accident? Where do they go from your local police department? These reports – whether filed by police or drivers through blue forms – are submitted to the Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). Those reports are then entered into the Crash Records Information System (CRIS), an extensive database maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation. It contains data from every crash report filed in Texas. It is an exhaustive database from which useful information can be mined. In this post, we will share our findings after doing just that – analyzing data from CRIS and other government agencies. You’ll find information here you won’t find anywhere else. For example, it’s easy to track the increase or decrease in accidents based on crash type, but the information tells a much more helpful story when combined with other sources of information, such as data on population growth in Texas over the same period. So, let’s jump right in and compare 2022 against 2023, the most recent years complete car crash statistics are available. The Number of Crashes in Texas Held Steady in 2023 Overall, there were 3,367 more accidents reported in 2023 than in 2022. That is less than a 1 percent increase in the total number of crashes. There were 555,586 accidents in 2022 and 558,953 accidents in 2023. That translates to: 1,531 accidents per day in Texas in 2023 46,579 accidents per month; 10,748 accidents per week. That’s just over 1 accident per minute in Texas in 2023. 2022 2023 Total Crash Count 555,586 558,953 Population 30,026,547 30,500,000 Non-Injury, Non-Fatal Crashes with Property Damage 50,654 48,355 Non-Fatal Crashes With Injury 165,973 169,203 Fatal Crashes 3,965 3,855 Total Number of Fatalities 4,407 4,268 Total Number of Injuries 244,325 250,182 Texas Population Growth Against Crash Data Let’s compare this against population growth. Texas, the second-largest state in the U. S. by both area and population, sees a vast amount of traffic on its roads each day. Texas grew in population by 1. 6 percent last year, adding more people than any other state in the nation last year, according to the United States Census Bureau. Although there were more crashes in Texas last year, the rate at which crashes increased was less than the... > Suffering from delayed pain after a car accident? Symptoms often don't appear until days later. Call for a free consultation with a Texas injury lawyer. 817-207-4878 (HURT). - Published: 2024-02-14 - Modified: 2024-02-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/delayed-pain-after-a-car-accident/ It’s a story we hear far too often from clients: “I got into a car accident and thought I was okay, but the next day, I could hardly move. ” Delayed pain after a car accident is extremely common. After a traumatic event, our bodies release adrenaline and endorphins that can mask pain and symptoms. These natural responses help us act quickly in dangerous situations but can also delay the recognition of injuries. https://youtu. be/n0aAME156rk If you or a loved one is experiencing delayed pain after a car accident caused by another driver, there are two things you should do next: Seek immediate medical attention and contact an experienced personal injury lawyer. In this article, the team at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explains the hidden impact of delayed pain after a car accident, what steps you should take if you have been injured in a wreck, and how our Texas law firm can help. Common Delayed Injury Symptoms After a car accident, feeling shaken up and sore is normal. However, many people don’t realize the full extent of their injuries until days or even weeks later. This is referred to as delayed pain or “invisible injuries. ” Some of the most common delayed pain symptoms and affiliated injuries after a car accident include: Headaches, which could be a symptom of whiplash, brain injury, or blood clots; Neck and Shoulder Pain, which could be due to whiplash, a herniated disc, or spinal injuries; Back Pain, which could be due to spine or ligament injuries; Abdominal Pain or Swelling, which could be a symptom of internal bleeding; Memory, Vision, or Hearing Loss, which could be indicative of a head or traumatic brain injury; Dizziness or Vertigo, which could be a sign of a concussion, whiplash, or even a traumatic brain injury; Numbness or Tingling sensations in Extremities, which could be a symptom of nerve damage or spinal injury; Mood Swings or Irritability, which could be attributed to the emotional stress and trauma of the accident, potential head injuries, or the strain of coping with pain and disruption in daily life. These types of symptoms can be severe and, if left untreated, they can lead to chronic pain and long-term health complications. What Steps Should You Take After Experiencing Delayed Pain after a Car Accident? If you’re experiencing delayed pain after a car accident, it’s crucial to take immediate and appropriate steps to safeguard your health and legal rights. Delayed pain can signify underlying injuries that weren’t apparent immediately following the accident. Here’s what you should do: Seek Immediate Medical Attention: If you are experiencing any delayed pain after a car accident, you must get checked out by a healthcare professional as soon as possible. Something very serious could be wrong. Certain injuries, like whiplash, concussions or internal bleeding, may not show until hours or days later. Document Your Symptoms, Injuries, and Treatment: Keep a detailed record of all your symptoms as they develop, including their intensity, frequency, and impact on your... > Whether you want to know "What is my car accident worth" or you are looking for a car accident settlement value calculator, here is what you need to know. - Published: 2024-02-11 - Modified: 2024-02-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-my-car-accident-worth/ Assessing Your Damages: What Is My Car Accident Case Worth? Determining the worth of a car accident case depends on numerous variables specific to each incident. This guide looks at the crucial factors that influence your claim’s value, offering clarity without complex legal jargon. From economic damages to pain and suffering, we outline the pivotal information needed to gauge ‘what is my car accident case worth? ’, ensuring you have the necessary insights to navigate the settlement process. Car Accident Settlement Calculator – What is My Car Accident Worth? There’s a great deal of debate as to whether you should rely on an online “what is my accident worth” calculator. That’s for good reason. Every case is unique. While it is true that insurance adjusters use software like Colossus to estimate the value of a claim, it’s a dangerous pathway to go down as an individual who is injured or has had a family member who was injured or lost their life due to an accident. So why create this calculator? For this very simple reason: regardless of the actual amounts, you should be able to educate yourself on the factors that an insurance adjustor or a judge or jury might consider in determining what your case is worth. So that’s what this calculator does. It walks you through a series of questions that an insurance adjuster is looking at. It is also important to remember that knowing what your case is “worth” doesn’t tell you anything about the insurance coverage that’s available. For example, a catastrophic injury may be worth seven figures or more, but if the person responsible has minimum coverage, you may only be able to collect $30,000 from their insurance company. Car Accident Settlement Value Calculator Understanding Car Accident Settlements A car accident settlement is a legal resolution that usually involves the payment of car accident compensation to a person who has been injured in an auto accident. This compensation, which is typically provided by the at-fault party’s insurance company, covers damages that the injured party may have suffered. These damages generally fall into two categories: economic damages, such as medical bills and lost wages, and non-economic damages, such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Types of Damages In a car accident case, you may be entitled to three types of damages: Economic damages: These are the quantifiable costs resulting from the accident, such as medical expenses and lost wages. Non-economic damages: These account for the subjective impact of the accident, like pain and suffering. Punitive damages: These are awarded in cases where the defendant’s conduct was particularly reckless or malicious, and are meant to punish the defendant and deter similar behavior in the future. As for punitive damages, they are awarded in cases of egregious behavior to punish the defendant and deter future misconduct. Role of Insurance Companies Insurance companies have a significant part in car accident settlements. They assess liability and the policyholder’s degree of fault when determining compensation to car accident victims,... > If you're going through a divorce or family law case in Texas, you'll likely hear many legal terms and phrases that are unfamiliar to you. Check out our Texas family law glossary. - Published: 2024-02-08 - Modified: 2024-02-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-family-law-glossary/ If you are going through a divorce or family law case in Texas, you will likely hear many legal terms and phrases that are unfamiliar to you. To help you better understand the terminology, we have compiled this Texas family law glossary. Texas Family Law Glossary Admissable Evidence Evidence or testimony that is allowed to be presented in a court. Attorney Ad Litem A lawyer appointed by the court to represent the interests of a minor in legal proceedings, ensuring their rights and preferences are considered in decisions affecting them. Admissable Evidence Evidence or testimony that is allowed to be presented in a court. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Methods used to resolve legal disputes outside of the traditional court setting, such as mediation, arbitration or negotiation. Alimony Referred to as “spousal maintenance” in Texas, this is financial support paid by one spouse to the other after a divorce. Annulment? A legal declaration that a marriage is null and void, as if it never occurred, due to certain conditions existing at the time of the marriage. Written Answer A formal written response to a lawsuit filed by the respondent (the party being sued) to the petitioner’s (the party initiating the suit) allegations, filed with the court within a specified time frame. Arrears Past-due or unpaid child support, alimony, or other financial obligations. Best Interest of the Child This is the standard that Texas courts use to decide issues involving children, such as custody, and visitation. It focuses on the safety of the child and their emotional and physical needs now and in the future. Child Custody Legally referred to as “conservatorship,” child custody refers to the court’s determination of who has the legal right to make decisions about a child’s life, including where they live, go to school, and receive healthcare. Child Support Guidelines A set of rules and calculations used to determine the amount of child support a parent must pay, based on factors such as income and number of children. Common Law Marriage A marriage recognized in the eyes of the law, even though no formal marriage ceremony has occurred. In Texas, a common law marriage is established when the parties live together as husband and wife and hold themselves out to others as married. Community Property A principle in Texas law where most property and debts acquired by either spouse during the marriage are considered jointly owned and are subject to division upon divorce or annulment. Contempt of Court A legal finding that someone has disobeyed a court order or has shown disrespect to the court process, potentially leading to penalties such as fines or jail time. Conservatorship The legal term in Texas for custody of a child. It can be “joint managing conservatorship (JMC), also referred to as joining custody; “sole managing conservatorship (SMC), also referred to as sole custody; or possessory conservatorship, often referred to as visitation. Custodial Parent The parent with whom the child primarily resides. The other parent is called the non-custodial parent. Discovery... > Most people will crash a car 3 to 4 times in their lifetime, filing a collission claim once every 18 years. Here's a look at some other interesting car crash statistics. - Published: 2024-02-05 - Modified: 2024-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-many-times-will-you-crash-a-car/ If you've never been in a car accident before, count yourself lucky. But chances are, you probably won't remain accident-free your entire life. Car insurance industry statistics suggest that an average driver will crash a car 3 to 4 times in their life - or about once every 18 years. Of course, the frequency of car crashes varies from person to person and is influenced by various factors, including age and experience, gender, location, and driving conditions. Research conducted by renowned traffic safety organizations and studies published in reputable articles provide valuable insights into these factors and their impact on car crash frequency. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group provide an overview of the top risk factors associated with car accidents and tips on reducing your chances of being in a crash. If you are injured in a car accident - whether it's your first or not - it's imperative to contact an experienced personal injury lawyer. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for your injuries and losses. Factors Affecting Car Crash Frequency People of all ages, genders, and backgrounds can be involved in car accidents. However, certain risk factors make some people more prone to crashing their cars than others. In this section, we will explore some key factors that impact car crash frequency. From age and gender to driving habits and even location, these elements all play a role in determining the likelihood of being involved in a car accident. Age and Experience Age is a significant factor in car crashes. The younger and less experienced you are, the higher your chances of being in a car accident. However, it's not just young and inexperienced drivers who are at risk. Older drivers who may have a vision or hearing loss or delayed reaction times are also more likely to crash a car. These two groups of drivers make up a large percentage of car accidents each year, making it crucial for them to drive defensively and take extra precautions. Teenage drivers (16 to 19 years old) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the risk of motor vehicle crashes is higher among teens, ages 16 to 19, than any other age group. In fact, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for American teens. Teen drivers in this age group have a fatal crash rate almost three times as high as drivers ages 20 and older per mile driven. Factors that contribute to teen drivers' increased crash risk include lack of experience, nighttime driving, not wearing seatbelts, underestimating dangerous situations, intoxicated driving, and distracted driving. Older Drivers (over age 65 years old) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 48 million drivers are 65 years and older in the U. S. And while driving helps them stay mobile and independent, the risk of being injured or killed increases as people age. Consider this: in 2020, about 7,500 older adults were killed in traffic... > Surviving Valentine’s Day during divorce can be emotionally challenging, especially when reminders of love and romance are everywhere. Here's 10 tips to get you through the day. - Published: 2024-02-02 - Modified: 2024-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/valentines-day-during-divorce/ Surviving Valentine’s Day during divorce can be emotionally challenging and isolating, especially when reminders of love and romance are everywhere. In this article, our experienced divorce attorneys offer 10 tips to help get you through the day, focusing on self-care, new traditions, and the support of friends and family. Whether you’re navigating this day alone or surrounded by loved ones, these strategies are designed to empower you, transform your perspective, and encourage you to embrace this time as an opportunity for hope and renewal. 1. Acknowledge Your Feelings Valentine’s Day can often amplify feelings of sadness, anger, or loneliness, especially when you’re going through a divorce. It’s perfectly normal to feel a mix of emotions during this time. Acknowledging these feelings rather than suppressing them is a healthy way to cope. It’s alright to feel left out amidst the celebration of romantic love. The key here is to realize that even without a partner, you can still celebrate love – the love of your family, friends and, most importantly, yourself. 2. Plan Ahead Preparation can ease the intimidation of Valentine’s Day. By deciding to spend the day doing things you enjoy, you can shift the focus away from the day’s romantic connotations. Engaging in activities that make you happy – such as a spa day, movie marathon, or volunteering – is the key. These actions help you break away from the world’s expectations of what Valentine’s Day should be and allow you to redefine it on your terms. Having something to look forward to can be a powerful antidote to sadness. 3. Practice Self-Care Don’t let Valentine’s Day during divorce take a toll on your emotional well-being. Take this day to pamper yourself in ways that make you feel good. Whether it’s a spa day, engaging in a favorite hobby, or simply relaxing with a good book, do something that nurtures your soul. Consider it an opportunity to recharge and focus on your happiness, away from the pressures of daily life. Treat yourself to something special that you might not usually do, like a gourmet meal, a scenic hike, or a creative project that sparks joy. Remember, self-care is not selfish; it’s an essential part of maintaining your mental and emotional health, especially during transition and change. 4. Surround Yourself with Support Spend time with people who uplift you. Friends and family can provide much-needed support and distraction. If you’re comfortable, share your feelings with them; sometimes, just talking about it can be incredibly healing. Surrounding yourself with positive and understanding individuals can remind you that you’re not alone in this journey. Additionally, engaging in group activities or simply having meaningful conversations can foster a sense of belonging and help mitigate feelings of isolation or sadness that might be more pronounced during this time. 5. Limit Social Media For some, the flood of romantic posts on social media during Valentine’s Day can be a trigger. Seeing others celebrate their love may exacerbate feelings of loneliness or sadness. One way to... > These are the top Mistakes Men Make in Divorce and how to avoid them. - Published: 2024-02-02 - Modified: 2024-02-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mistakes-men-make-in-divorce/ Are you concerned about making costly mistakes in your divorce? Men often face unique pitfalls in the divorce process. In this article, we’ll identify the top mistakes men make in divorces and provide strategies to help you avoid them, ensuring you’re well-prepared to handle this complex journey. Top Mitsakes Men Make in Divorce From rushing into decisions to neglecting emotional well-being, there are numerous pitfalls and mistakes men make in divorce. Divorce men can fall into these pitfalls when going through this process, which can exacerbate the already stressful and emotionally charged atmosphere of a divorce, leading to unfavorable outcomes and damaging relationships. Comprehending these frequent missteps paves the way to a less turbulent divorce process. Subsequent sections offer an in-depth exploration of each mistake, equipping you with the necessary insights to confidently steer through your divorce. Mistake 1: Moving Out Prematurely Relocating from the marital home prematurely during a divorce can have serious implications, especially when it comes to child custody and property division outcomes. Often, men might feel compelled to move out to avoid conflict or out of guilt. However, doing so can set a precedent that could disadvantage you in future custody decisions. Additionally, moving out may result in financial difficulties, as maintaining two households is invariably more expensive than one. To avoid these potential pitfalls, consult with your attorney before making any decisions about moving out, especially when it comes to separate property. Mistake 2: Neglecting Involvement with Children During the Divorce One of the most common mistakes men make during a divorce is neglecting their involvement with their children, which means not keeping the children involved. This mistake can have far-reaching consequences, not just on the outcome of the custody arrangements, but also on the emotional well-being of the children themselves. Sustaining a robust relationship with your children and placing their needs at the forefront during the divorce process is paramount. This involvement shows the court that you are committed to your role as a father and can lead to more favorable custody arrangements. Mistake 3: Mishandling Financial Records Mishandling financial records during a divorce can be a significant mistake with serious repercussions. If you’re ordered by a court to produce certain financial documents and you fail to do so, or if you falsify them, you could be held in contempt of court. This can lead to fines or even jail time. Deliberately hiding assets, understating your income, overstating debts, or otherwise manipulating financial records can lead to charges of fraud. Further, if it’s discovered that you’ve mishandled financial records, the court may award a more favorable settlement to your spouse, potentially granting them a larger portion of assets or requiring you to pay more in alimony or child support. Mistake 4: Poor Communication with the Attorney Communication is the cornerstone of any successful attorney-client relationship. Having clear, honest, and regular communication with your attorney can make a significant difference in your case. Unfortunately, many men fail to maintain effective communication with their attorneys, leading... > Texans with two or more convictions for family violence will be entered into a database maintained by DPS. Learn more about the Texas family violence offender database. - Published: 2024-01-31 - Modified: 2024-02-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-family-violence-offender-database/ If you live in Texas, you are probably aware that you can look up registered sex offenders in your area through an online database managed by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS). Now, another database – for repeat family violence offenders – is now accessible to the public. Last summer, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 5202, which mandates that the Texas Department of Public Safety create and maintain a database of people with two or more intimate partner violence convictions. In this article, the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett will explain the new law, what information will be contained in the family violence offender database, and what it means for people who have been convicted of repeat family violence in Texas. HB 5202: History of the Texas Family Violence Offender Database The idea to create a Texas family violence offender database that contains information about repeat domestic abusers stemmed from a 2015 murder case in San Jose. , California, where Dallas Police Eddie Garica served before coming to Texas. In 2015, Alessandra Barlas, 27, was killed by an ex-boyfriend in San Jose. After her death, her parents learned her ex-boyfriend had served time in prison for attempting to murder another former girlfriend. The family believed that if Barlas knew his history of domestic violence, she would have gotten out before it was too late. They started the Allesandra Foundation and worked with Chief Garcia to get a law passed to establish an offender database to identify convicted abusers. Chief Garcia and the family couldn’t get the intimate partner violence database law passed in California, but Garcia pursued the legislation when he moved to Texas. He took the idea to State Rep. Victoria Neave Criado (D-Dallas), who authored HB 5202 during the 88th Texas Legislature. Gov. Gregg Abbott signed it into law on June 11, 2023. The New Law: Central Database of Offenders Who Have Committed Certain Offenses The new law, which can be found in Section 411. 1355 of the Texas Penal Code, creates a central database of offenders who have committed certain violent offenses. It specifies that DPS must maintain a computerized central database containing information about people who, on two or more occasions, have been convicted of any of the following offenses: assault, sexual assault, aggravated assault, or aggravated sexual assault for which an affirmative finding of family violence was made; continues violence against the family or stalking; or any combination of such offenses The database contains the following information, to the extent it is available: The person’s full name, each alias used by the person, and the person’s date of birth; A physical description and a recent photograph of the person; A list of the applicable offenses of which the person was convicted, the date of conviction of each offense, and the punishment for each offense; and An indication as to whether the person was discharged, placed on community supervision, or released on parole or to mandatory supervision following conviction of each offense https://www. tiktok.... > What happens when multiple people are injured in an accident and there are not enough funds to pay for everyone? The Soriano Rule in Texas. - Published: 2024-01-30 - Modified: 2024-01-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/multiple-people-are-injured-in-an-accident/ What Happens When Multiple People Are Injured in an Accident If multiple people, or even an entire family, are injured or killed in an accident or due to the fault of another person, one very real concern is whether the other person’s insurance has enough coverage to resolve all the claims. This is particularly true when the individual claims are completely independent. In other words, if one driver causes injuries to passengers in two vehicles and the injuries in each vehicle could independently exceed policy limits, who gets the settlement? In this article, we will explain what happens when multiple people or family members are injured in an accident based on developments in Texas law and the Texas Supreme Court “Soriano” case. What is the Soriano Rule in Texas? The Soriano Rule in Texas establishes that insurers cannot be held liable for reasonably settling claims in any order even when that exhausts the policy leaving insufficient funds to resolve claims without claimants as long as it does so reasonably. What is the Soriano Case in Texas? The Soriano case, which refers to “Farmers Insurance Company v. Soriano,” established the Soriano Rule – an important legal principle regarding how insurance companies should handle situations involving multiple claims or claimants, particularly when the claims exceed the policy limits. In the context of multi-litigant cases, the Soriano case highlights the concept of “reasonableness” in the actions of insurance companies. Here’s how it applies: Priority of Settlement Offers The Soriano decision does not mandate that an insurer must settle claims in the order they are received (“first come, first served”). Instead, the insurer must consider all settlement demands and make a judicious decision on whether and how to settle these claims, keeping in mind the policy limits and the best interests of all insured parties. Reasonableness Standard in Settling Multiple Claims The key takeaway from Soriano is that an insurance company’s actions are evaluated based on a standard of reasonableness. This means the insurer must act in a manner that a reasonably prudent insurer or businessman would under similar circumstances. This involves fair and balanced decision-making, especially when distributing limited policy funds among multiple claims. To show that a settlement was unreasonable, a plaintiff must show that a reasonably prudent insurer would not have settled a companion claim when considering solely the merits of the companion claim and the liability of its insured on the claim. It does not require the settlement to be “fair” in light of any other claims that could be made for reasonable settlement. Protection for Reasonable Actions Insurers who act reasonably in handling multiple claims are generally protected under Texas law, as established by Soriano. Even when faced with difficult decisions due to policy limits being inadequate to cover all claims for multiple injuries, as long as the insurer’s actions can be deemed reasonable, courts tend to uphold their decisions. Avoidance of Bad Faith in Settling Multiple Claims By adhering to the principles set forth in Soriano, insurers can... > Avoid mistakes after an accident. Learn essential steps to protect your rights and secure a just outcome. Stay informed & safe. - Published: 2024-01-28 - Modified: 2024-01-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/mistakes-after-an-accident/ https://youtu. be/TMyKuiXSQo0 As a seasoned Texas lawyer, I’ve seen my fair share of car accident cases unfold. In the wake of an accident, the steps you take—or fail to take—can have significant legal implications. Here’s a rundown of common mistakes after an accident you should avoid to protect your legal rights after a car accident in Texas. Mistake #1: Moving Your Vehicle Without Taking a Quick Video Not leaving the scene of an accident before documenting it, especially by making a quick video, is important for several reasons. Filming immediately captures the exact condition and positions of the vehicles and surroundings. This initial state can be crucial for understanding how and why the accident happened. A video provides independently verifiable evidence. It’s more objective than memory or verbal accounts, which can be influenced by stress or differing perspectives. It prevents any misunderstandings or misrepresentations of the accident’s circumstances by any involved party. Mistake #2: Not Continuing to Document Even After Moving the Vehicles After securing everyone’s safety, shift your focus to documenting the scene. Here are some important steps to follow: Capture detailed photos of the scene, including all vehicles involved, visible damage, road conditions, and street signs. If there are any visible injuries, photograph them as well. Take notes on any important details, such as the time of the accident, weather conditions, and any witness statements. In this digital age, various apps can be handy in documenting the accident scene. Mistake #3: Thinking the Police Will Come Out One of the first things a lot of people do after an accident is to call the police. The reality is the police generally won’t come out to the scene of an auto accident unless someone has been injured. Know that in Texas, you can fill out a blue form and turn it into the police department to report the accident yourself. Mistake #4: Not Knowing When to Call the Police Just as much as the police are unlikely to come out to the scene of an everyday accident, you do need to know what to communicate to the dispatcher or call-taker when there’s a situation that warrants the police coming out – and it isn’t just when someone has been injured. Those instances are: there is reason to believe the other driver had been drinking there is reason to believe the other driver was under the influence of drugs the other driver left the scene without stopping the other driver left the scene without giving you their information Mistake After an Accident #5: Not Exchanging Information While you can’t control what the other person does, you should always leave your information with the other driver. This includes your name and your insurance policy number. The other driver should do the same. If they don’t, you should let the police know. Mistake #6: Apologizing to Anyone While it’s a human instinct to express concern, saying “I’m sorry” can be misconstrued as an admission of guilt. In the eyes of the law,... > We begin by discussing the cardinal role of an auto accident lawyer: legal expertise. Car accident cases aren’t just about who was right or wrong on the road. - Published: 2024-01-21 - Modified: 2024-01-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/auto-accident-lawyer/ Navigating the complex legal landscape after an auto accident can be daunting. How do you ensure fair treatment and proper compensation for your losses? In this article our experienced auto accident attorney explains how to best deal with insurance companies, and the steps involved in maximizing your claim—equipping you with the knowledge to make informed decisions. Why Hiring an Auto Accident Lawyer is Crucial A car accident can turn your life upside down in seconds. Amid the chaos, it’s easy to feel lost and overwhelmed. This is where a car accident lawyer comes in. These legal professionals offer a lifeline, steering you through the maze of legal complexities that inevitably follow a car accident. But what makes the involvement of a car accident lawyer so significant? First, car accident cases often involve a range of intricate legal challenges. These can include interactions with insurance companies, multiple parties involved, and the convergence of medical, insurance, and legal elements. An experienced car accident lawyer can navigate these challenges, conducting thorough investigations, scrutinizing evidence such as witness statements, police reports, and medical records, and seeking guidance from expert opinions in a car accident case. Legal Expertise We begin by discussing the cardinal role of an auto accident lawyer: legal expertise. Car accident cases aren’t just about who was right or wrong on the road. They’re about navigating a complex legal system, understanding nuanced car accident laws, and fighting for your rights. That’s where a car accident lawyer’s legal expertise comes into play. Car accident lawyers, also known as car accident attorneys, have the legal prowess to help clients understand their rights and navigate the legal process. We can offer insight into intricate car accident laws, allowing us to offer essential legal guidance. The specific legal expertise required in auto accident cases includes obtaining expert testimony from subject matter experts to explain the severity of injuries and establishing liability with witness testimonies. Insurance Negotiations Insurance companies are a double-edged sword. On one hand, they provide essential coverage in the event of an accident. On the other hand, they can be tough negotiators when it comes to settling claims. At this point, a car accident lawyer’s negotiation expertise proves invaluable. Our lawyers engage in negotiations with insurance companies on behalf of car accident victims to secure equitable compensation, adeptly representing their client’s interests and advocating for the most favorable resolution. Legal representation is vital during insurance negotiations after an auto accident as we: Effectively handle car accident claims; Leverage evidence to bolster the case; Alleviate the injured party from the intricacies and pressures of claim settlements; and Ultimately aim to optimize the client’s compensation. Maximizing Compensation Getting into an auto accident is stressful enough without the added worry of how you’re going to pay for medical bills, car repairs, and other expenses. Our seasoned car accident attorney proves invaluable at this juncture, helping to maximize compensation for clients by: Building a strong case; Gathering evidence; Negotiating with insurance companies; and Representing clients in court if... > In Texas, Halloween visitation is not included in the Standard Possession Order. That means the parent who has regular visitation on the day Halloween falls will have the kids. - Published: 2024-01-19 - Modified: 2024-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/halloween-visitation/ Halloween can be a spooktacular holiday, marked by trick-or-treating, haunted houses, and pumpkin-themed parties. For many kids, it’s a magical night filled with costumes, candy, and cherished childhood memories. However, for separated or divorced parents, Halloween is often more complicated than trying to decide between a witch’s hat or a superhero cape. The question haunting many parents is, “Who gets the kids? ” A Spooky Oversight in the Standard Possession Order? Child visitation can be one of the most contentious issues in divorce and custody cases. That’s why the Texas legislature created a visitation schedule – called the Standard Possession Order (SPO) – for parents to follow if they can’t come to a mutual agreement on possession times and days. The only problem is that Halloween is not included in Texas’ Standard Possession Order. You would think every holiday – especially ones as child-centric as Halloween – would have a clear provision in custody agreements but, unfortunately, Halloween visitation is not addressed in the SPO. This lack of clarity is partly because Halloween doesn’t fall on a fixed day like Christmas or Thanksgiving — it can be on a weekday, a weekend, or even intersect with other scheduled visitation periods. So, what happens when October 31 rolls around, and both parents want to take their little ghouls out for a night of trick-or-treating? All Hallow’s Eve Compromises Unless you and your ex have a custom custody agreement that addresses Halloween, the parent who would normally have the child on that specific day or night would be the one to have the child for Halloween. So, in 2025, Halloween falls on a Friday during the last week of the month. If this is the day that you usually have visitation, then you’re in luck! You should have your little witch or wizard on Halloween. However, this means that the other parent might miss out on sharing this fun holiday with their child. That brings us to our next point: finding a middle ground for Halloween visitation. Fortunately, there are some ways to compromise and create an arrangement that won’t leave anyone ghosted. Halloween is all about sharing treats, and when it comes to parenting, perhaps it’s time to carve out a new tradition that ensures both parents get a slice of the pumpkin pie. Below, the family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group offer some tips for peacefully navigating Halloween visitation in Texas. Tips for Treating Your Kids to a Happy Halloween Navigating Halloween as a split family doesn’t have to be a nightmare. With a sprinkle of communication and a dash of compromise, you can conjure up a Halloween experience that’s magical for your kids. Read on for some spellbinding strategies: Communication is Key Before any skeletons come out of the closet, talk with your ex-partner. Open a dialogue about Halloween visitation plans well in advance to avoid any sudden scares. Early dialogue provides ample time for both parties to voice their desires, concerns, and boundaries. Waiting until... > In Texas, most divorced or separated parents alternate years for Christmas visitation in Texas. Here's what you need to know for 2023. - Published: 2024-01-19 - Modified: 2024-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-christmas-visitation-schedule/ As the holiday season approaches, families across Texas are busy preparing for Christmas – deciding what gifts to buy, meals to make, and halls to deck. But for divorced or separated parents, this time of year brings about a more pressing challenge: figuring out exactly when and how long they get to spend time with their kids. In this article, our Fort Worth family law attorneys explain Texas’ 2025 standard Christmas visitation schedule and offer tips for successful co-parenting during the holidays. But first, please take a moment to watch this video by Senior Associate Attorney Kristen Carr. https://youtu. be/ZFkh6kp1brc Key Takeaways Understanding the 2025 Texas Christmas Visitation Schedule for even and odd-year possession. Parents can craft a custom holiday schedule if they agree, but get it in writing. Prioritize children’s happiness by communicating effectively. Contact an experienced family law attorney if disputes arise. Understanding the 2025 Texas Christmas Visitation Schedule Child visitation can be one of the most contentious issues in divorce and child custody cases, and unfortunately, the stress of the holidays tends to make things worse. That’s why the Texas Legislature created a visitation schedule – called the Standard Possession Order – for parents to follow if they don’t have a customized court order that specifically addresses the Christmas holiday. Texas Christmas visitation schedule can be found in Section 153. 314 of the Texas Family Code, which is designed to ensure that children enjoy the holiday season with both of their parents. It designates that children spend alternate years with each parent during major holidays, including Christmas and Thanksgiving. An alternating schedule aims to provide a fair and balanced approach to holiday visitation, allowing both parents to create special memories with their children during this special time of year. Below we explain the parenting schedule further and also look at the 2025 Texas Christmas visitation schedule. The Even-Year, Odd-Year Schedule for Divorce or Separated Parents During the child’s winter break, the custodial parent – also referred to as the primary parent – will have the second half of the break during even years, while the non-custodial parent, or non-primary parent, will have the first half of the child’s Christmas break. The next year, during an odd-numbered year, their schedules will flip. So, for example, in 2025 – because it is an odd-numbered year – Texas non-custodial parents will have possession of the child during the second half of Christmas break, while the custodial parents will have the first half of the break. Texas Christmas Child Visitation Schedule Dates and Times In Texas, the parent with the first half of the Christmas break is entitled to possession of the child beginning from the time the child is released from school for Christmas vacation until noon on December 28. The parent with the second half of the Christmas break is entitled to possession of the child from noon on December 28 until the child goes back to school after their winter break. One way of looking at this schedule... > If you’re questioning, ‘is my spouse addicted to pornography,’ you are likely confronting difficult emotions and seeking concrete answers. Pornography - Published: 2024-01-16 - Modified: 2024-01-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-addicted-to-pornography/ If you’re questioning, ‘is my spouse addicted to pornography,’ you are likely confronting difficult emotions and seeking concrete answers. Pornography addiction is a real and challenging issue that can hide in plain sight, affecting intimacy, trust, and overall relationship dynamics. In this article, we dive into the signs that may indicate your spouse is struggling with this addiction—from changes in sexual behavior to emotional withdrawal and secretive internet use. If there’s not a pathway to recovery and reconciliation, our attorneys can talk to you about what divorcing an addict looks like. Recognizing Pornography Addiction in Your Spouse The signs of online porn addiction, also known as pornography addiction, can be difficult to recognize. However, being aware of porn addiction signs is crucial in identifying and addressing this issue, especially considering the potentially pornography addictive nature of the content. These signs are multifaceted, often weaving a complex tapestry of behavioral, emotional, and psychological shifts. These changes can manifest in four key areas: Sexual behavior and desires Emotional distance Excessive internet usage and secretive behavior Criticism and unrealistic expectations Let’s delve deeper into these signs to empower you with the knowledge to make a difference. Changes in Sexual Behavior and Desires The bedroom, once a sanctuary of love and intimacy, may become an arena for unfamiliar and uncomfortable demands, affecting one’s sex life. A spouse entangled in the web of pornography addiction might display noticeable shifts in sexual desires and behaviors, which could be indicative of sex addiction. These changes could encompass an increased interest in sexual acts that mimic those seen in pornography or a growing desire for sexual images that depart from the norm. Remember, while sexual exploration within a relationship can be part of mutual discovery, certain behavior changes may signal a deeper issue. Open communication and mutual consent should prevail in the face of such changes. Your comfort and safety must never be compromised due to a spouse’s escalating addiction. Emotional Distance and Disconnection As pornography begins to seep into the fabric of a relationship, it often sows seeds of emotional disconnection. The tender bond of shared intimacy might be gradually replaced by a silent chasm of emotional distance. A spouse addicted to porn may exhibit an increasing focus on self-pleasure, often at the expense of emotional connection. This emotional disconnection can take various forms. It might manifest as: a growing detachment during intimate moments a noticeable decrease in relationship satisfaction an unusual interest in demeaning or out-of-the-norm sexual acts These behaviors can lead to a loss of trust and shaken self-esteem, and the emotional intimacy that once held the relationship together may start to fray, leaving behind a trail of confusion and hurt. Excessive Internet Usage and Secretive Behavior In today’s digital world, the internet often serves as the main conduit for pornography consumption. Therefore, noticeable changes in a spouse’s internet habits can be a red flag for a potential addiction. Some signs to look out for include: Excessive internet usage Secretive behavior Spending long periods of... > Is your spouse addicted to gambling? Learn if it is time for intervention. Take the quiz to find out if your spouse is a gambling addict. - Published: 2024-01-14 - Modified: 2024-01-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-addicted-to-gambling/ Asking yourself ‘is my spouse addicted to gambling’ can be a troubling and uncertain experience. You’re seeking answers, and rightfully so. In this article, we’ll explore clear signs of gambling addiction, the impact it can have on your family, and action steps to address the issue. We’ll tackle these tough questions with straightforward guidance to support you on this challenging journey even when the marriage becomes insupportable. Recognizing the Signs: Is Your Spouse Addicted to Gambling? The first step towards addressing a gambling addiction in your spouse is to identify the signs. A gambling addiction, much like addiction to drugs or alcohol, alters the brain chemistry of the addict. It can manifest in various emotional and behavioral changes, which can affect family members. Financial red flags are often a significant indicator of a spouse’s gambling problem. These can include unexplained gambling debts, missing funds, and secretive financial behavior. Identifying these signs allows for timely intervention and support. There are also times when your life path cannot continue with the person in need of intervention – because the willingness to change is something only they can bring to the table. In those instances, divorcing a gambling addict may be the only thing you can do to save your family and protect their financial well-being. Emotional and Behavioral Changes Emotional changes like heightened stress, anxiety, and depression may be exhibited by a spouse struggling with gambling addiction. These emotional changes are frequently linked to compulsive gamblers, as gambling activates the brain’s reward system similarly to addictive drugs. Behavioral changes may also be indicative of a gambling addiction. These can include: uncontrollable urges to gamble despite negative consequences and mental health problems, often experienced by a gambling addict potential resultant financial difficulties relationship problems legal issues Irritability and restlessness may be symptoms indicating your spouse’s gambling addiction. Compulsive gamblers may also resort to dishonest behavior, such as lying or concealing their gambling habits to sustain their addiction. Financial Red Flags: Is Your Spuse a Gambling Addict There is a significant link between unexplained debts and gambling addiction. Gambling addiction can result in substantial financial losses, leading to severe repercussions that may be camouflaged by unexplained or hidden debts. The absence of funds could serve as a red flag for gambling problems, indicating that an individual with a gambling addiction may persist in gambling despite jeopardizing their financial stability by continuing to spend money. Recognizing these signs can help one to quit gambling before it’s too late. Individuals with a gambling addiction may exhibit the following secretive financial behavior: Compulsive gambling Neglecting responsibilities Chasing losses Being dishonest or concealing the extent of their gambling problems This behavior can contribute to broader financial difficulties, leading to increased debt and financial instability. The Impact of Gambling Addiction on Relationships and Family Life The effects of gambling addiction on trust within a marriage can be significant. Financial instability, emotional turmoil, and social isolation can strain the relationship. Trust can be eroded as the addicted individual may resort... > We're just a few blocks from where the Fort Worth hotel explosion took place yesterday. We're keeping a close eye on developments. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2024-01-09 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fort-worth-hotel-explosion/ Fort Worth Hotel Explosion It has been nearly two months since a Fort Worth hotel explosion rocked Fort Worth. The Sandman Signature Hotel and Musume remain shuttered as the cause of the blast remains under investigation. Twenty-one people were injured, one critically, and four more were seriously injured. There have been reports of people smelling gas before the explosion, and there was a strong smell of gas after the blast. Fort Worth Fire Department’s Arson Unit, the ATF, the FBI, and technicians with gas company Atmos Energy and the Railroad Commission are among the agencies investigating. If you or a loved one were injured in this explosion, you have more questions than answers. We are here to help you through this journey and get you the help and answers you need – now and in the future. Our Fort Worth explosion lawyer has the experience and the investigative skills it takes to make sure that something like this does not happen again, and that those responsible for your injuries are held responsible. The Aftermath: Emergency Response and Injured Victims As the echoes of the blast subsided, emergency crews were on the scene in minutes. Our attorneys and staff watched from the 7th floor of our downtown Fort Worth office as emergency vehicles traveled the wrong way down one-way streets to get to the scene quickly. The Fort Worth Fire Department, Police Department, and Emergency Medical Services were some of the first to respond, with the ATF, FBI, and Railroad Commission arriving later in the day. It is now believed a gas explosion rocked the Sandman Signature Hotel, injuring 21 people. A few were critically injured, with one in a life-threatening state. The blast was so powerful it blew the front off the hotel and trapped some victims in the basement. Within the hotel, the Musume restaurant may have been the epicenter of the blast’s impact. Three of its employees were among the injured. Fortunately, the restaurant was not open yet, and the hotel only had 26 of its rooms occupied. The nearby Fort Worth Convention Center was quickly converted into a temporary shelter for the guests, ensuring their well-being and safety. Investigating The Cause: Gas Leak And Safety Concerns As the dust settled and the injured were attended, the focus shifted to understanding the cause of the explosion. An explosion occurred, and preliminary investigations by fire officials pointed toward a gas leak as the potential trigger. This gas leak raised alarms about the safety measures in place and the need for stringent checks to prevent such incidents. Gas leaks are a prevalent factor contributing to gas explosions in commercial establishments. The fire department initiated a thorough investigation, looking for visible signs of damage to gas pipes, fittings, and transmission equipment, as well as unusual sounds. Identifying Potential Liability In the case of a gas explosion at a hotel, multiple parties might be held liable: Hotel: Hotels are obligated to ensure the safety and well-being of their guests and employees. This... > Texas passed an age verification law last year requiring visitors to porn sites to verify they are over age 18. Pornhub responded by blocking Texas users. Learn more. - Published: 2024-01-04 - Modified: 2024-03-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/age-verification-law-texas/ Texans seeking online adult entertainment won’t find it anymore at Pornhub, one of the most popular websites in the world. In March, Pornhub suspended its services in the Lone Star State over objections to the Texas’ new age verification law. The new Texas law requires porn sites to check visitors’ ages to ensure they are at least 18 years old and to display a health warning that porn impairs “human brain development. ” Rather than comply, Pornhub has pulled its services to Texas. Other sites are also pulling out. Hundreds of users on the r/texas subreddit have commented that the adult GIF website RedGifs is down for Texans. Message I get when logging on to redgifs now byu/Spongey_ankles intexas The Age Verification Law in Texas On June 2, 23, Texas lawmakers passed House Bill 1181, which requires adult websites to use “reasonable age verification methods” to ensure that a person accessing their website is at least 18 years old. The new law requires users to prove their age with a government-issued identification or by using a “commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data” to verify the age of the visitor. The law further required the websites to post a dubious warning that pornography is addictive, that exposure to pornography could result in body image and mental health issues, and increase the demand for child exploitation. Age Verification Law Challenged A challenge to the law was successful, at least initially. The law was challenged in federal court by the Free Speech Coalition, which is a nonprofit trade association made up of performers, producers, distributors, and retailers of adult content. The Coalition is supported adult websites such as PornHub and Xnxx. The basis for the challenge was the law was overboard and failed the strict scrutiny test applied to free speech. The federal district court granted the injunction and prevented the Texas Attorney General from enforcing the newly enacted law. Appeals Court Rules Texas Age Verification Law is Currently Enforceable On November 14, 2023, the United States Fifth Circuit vacated the injunction. In other words, the court of appeals disagreed with the district court so Texas can now enforce the new law. Distributing adult content without complying with the new law is punishable by a fine of up to $10,000 daily for failing to verify the age of users and a fine of up to $250,000 per day if at least one child is exposed to pornographic material. Fast forward to February 2024. Texas Attorney General announced that his office is suing Aylo Global Entertainment, which owns Pornhub and other sites. Paxton sought an injunction against the company for requiring age-appropriate age verification safeguards and potentially millions of dollars in civil penalties. On March 7, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the law's age verification component could stand, but the law’s required health warning was unconstitutional because it compelled speech. In response, Pornhub stopped serving content to Texas users rather than forcing visitors to verify their... > Discover Retrograde Extrapolation: Calculate past BAC in DWI cases with our guide and interactive calculator. Understand its legal impact. - Published: 2023-12-30 - Modified: 2023-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/retrograde-extrapolation/ Understanding retrograde extrapolation is essential for grasping how DUI or DWI cases hinge on past BAC estimates. “Retrograde extrapolation” is routinely used to infer a driver’s BAC at the time of driving based on a blood or breath specimen obtained some time after the driving ceased. Through this article, we discuss retrograde extrapolation’s role, the principles it relies upon, and the controversies it ignites, all pivotal for anyone navigating intoxication charges. Retrograde Extrapolation Calculator Retrograde Extrapolation Calculator Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) from Test Enter the BAC measured from blood or breath test Time from Stop to Blood Draw Hours Minutes How much time elapsed between the traffic stop/incident and the blood test Time from Last Drink to Stop (Optional) Hours Minutes If known, this helps determine if alcohol was still being absorbed Average Elimination Rate (per hour) 0. 015 (Conservative) 0. 018 (Moderate) 0. 020 (Average) 0. 015 is typically used as a conservative estimate in legal contexts Calculate Estimated BAC Estimated BAC at Time of Stop Key Notes About Retrograde Extrapolation Retrograde extrapolation is a method used to estimate a suspect’s BAC at the time of driving by considering factors like the elimination rate of alcohol, absorbing time, and metabolic rate, but its accuracy is reliant on various individual and consumption factors. While often used in DUI or DWI cases with expert testimony as vital evidence, retrograde extrapolation faces legal challenges due to questions about its reliability, precision, and the assumptions taken into account for its calculation. The effectiveness of retrograde extrapolation in court can be compromised by inherent limitations, including the variability of individual alcohol metabolism and potential errors in the assumptions, and defense strategies often involve contesting its methodology and presenting alternative evidence. The Science Behind Retrograde Extrapolation Retrograde extrapolation is a process that estimates a DUI or DWI suspect’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at a particular point in the past based on current BAC levels and other relevant factors. This method involves a specific formula that multiplies the elimination rate of alcohol by the number of hours since the person stopped drinking and absorbing alcohol, and then applies this calculation to the BAC results from a chemical test. The aim of retrograde extrapolation in DUI or DWI cases is to determine the suspect’s BAC at the time of driving, rather than when the blood sample was taken. A variety of factors contribute significantly to this calculation, including the timing and quantity of the last drink, the period of alcohol consumption, and the person’s alcohol metabolic rate. The Retrograde Extrapolation Formula Initially, the retrograde extrapolation formula utilizes the BAC test results, followed by the incorporation of the alcohol absorption rate into the bloodstream, and finally, the BAC decline rate over time. Generally, the standard rate of BAC decrease is between 0. 015 to 0. 02 percent per hour. This rate is significant in establishing whether a person was over the legal limit at the time they were driving. By considering both absorption and elimination rates, the accuracy... > Accused of issuing or possessing fake vehicle inspections in North Texas? Call for a free consultation with an experienced defense attorney. - Published: 2023-12-21 - Modified: 2023-12-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fake-vehicle-inspections/ If you have been paying attention to the news lately, you’ve probably heard about Texas law enforcement cracking down on fake vehicle inspections, or the so-called “Clean Scanned” scam. This scam involves issuing fraudulent motor vehicle inspections to allow vehicles to pass inspection even if they do not meet Texas’ safety and emissions requirements. This scam is widespread in Texas, with reports suggesting that tens of thousands of cars may be on the road with fake vehicle inspections. Those caught issuing fraudulent motor vehicle inspections in Texas can face serious charges, including the felony charge of tampering with a government document. In this article, our experienced North Texas defense attorneys explain the clean scanned scam, including possible offenses that stem from this illegal practice, the potential punishment range, and the collateral consequences of faking vehicle inspections. It’s important to note that during the 2023 Texas legislature, lawmakers passed a bill to end the requirement for mandatory vehicle safety inspections. However, 17 counties in Texas will still require annual emissions testing, including Tarrant, Dallas, Denton and Colling counties. Texas “Clean Scan” Scam Clean Scanning is a term used to describe the practice of issuing fake vehicle inspections to vehicles that otherwise would not meet safety or emission standards. Basically, an inspection station/inspector issues a passing inspection certificate to a vehicle that has not actually been inspected. This is typically done by plugging an analyzer, which is used to check a vehicle emissions system, into a car that will pass the inspection. The passing result is then attached to the vehicle that has previously failed or showed equipment malfunctions. In most cases, the car needing an emissions test does not have to be physically present at the inspection station in order for the fraudulent inspection to be issued. These days, inspectors obtain the necessary identifying vehicle information and then use a simulator device, similar to a flash drive, and plug it into the emissions analyzer instead of the vehicle. The device imitates the vehicle’s onboard diagnostic system and can be programmed to ensure that the vehicle will pass inspection – that is, get a “clean scan. ” Fraudulent emissions certificates are then uploaded into the state’s system. Texas Vehicle Safety and Emission Standards in Texas Even though legislation was passed in 2023 eliminating inspections, the law does not go into effect until January 1, 2025. And even when it does go into effect, it will not apply to vehicles in 17 Texas counties – including Tarrant, Dallas, Johnson, Denton and Collin counties. They are still required to comply with federally mandated clean air requirements. Vehicle inspections are performed at official Vehicle Inspection Stations licensed by the Department of Public Safety and must have a passing vehicle inspection in order to renew the vehicle’s annual registration and obtain a vehicle registrations sticker. Texas DPS is responsible for regulating and enforcing the state’s vehicle inspection program, while the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) is responsible for regulating and enforcing emission standards. Vehicle Safety... > If you're convicted of DWI in Texas, you’ll be required to file an SR-22 Insurance Certificate with DPS to retain your license. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2023-12-21 - Modified: 2023-12-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sr-22-insurance/ In the wake of a criminal offense such as Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), many individuals face unexpected challenges affecting their driving privileges. One often overlooked consequence is the need to obtain SR-22 vehicle liability insurance. This requirement is imposed by the Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) for specific offenses, ensuring that high-risk drivers meet the state’s minimum liability insurance standards. Understanding SR-22 Insurance SR-22 is not your typical car insurance. In fact, it’s not actually a type of insurance. Rather, it’s a form that an insurance company files with the state to certify that an individual has purchased a policy meeting the state’s required minimum amounts of liability coverage. It serves as proof of financial responsibility. The DPS often mandates it for individuals convicted of certain offenses, like DWI, to ensure that they have the financial responsibility to cover any potential future incidents. Here’s a brief overview of SR-22 in Texas: Reasons For Needing An SR-22 In Texas: Driving Without Insurance: If you’re caught driving without valid insurance in Texas, you might be required to carry an SR-22 certification. Driving While Intoxicated: Convictions for DUI or DWI can lead to a requirement for an SR-22 filing. Accumulation of Traffic Violations: Repeated traffic offenses within a short timeframe can trigger the SR-22 requirement. License Suspension or Revocation: If your license gets suspended or revoked, you might be required to get SR-22 to have your driving privileges reinstated. Serious at-fault Accidents: If you’re at fault in a serious accident and don’t have adequate insurance, you might be required to carry SR-22 insurance. Duration: Duration Of SR-22 Insurance Typically, in Texas, drivers are required to maintain their SR-22 certification for a period of 2 to 3 years, depending on the specific offense. If your policy lapses or gets canceled during this period, your insurer is obligated to notify the state, which can result in further penalties or an extended period for the SR-22 requirement. Cost Of SR-22 Insurance The filing fee for an SR-22 is generally low. However, the reason you need an SR-22 (e. g. , DUI or multiple traffic violations) often means your insurance premiums will be higher than someone with a clean driving record. Non-Vehicle Owner SR-22 If you don’t own a vehicle but need to file an SR-22 in Texas, you can purchase a non-owner’s SR-22 policy. This provides coverage when you drive vehicles not owned by you or vehicles that are not available for your regular use. If you find yourself in a situation where you need an SR-22, it’s essential to shop around. While having an SR-22 will likely increase your insurance rates, different insurance providers might offer varying rates for the same coverage. Obtaining SR-22 Insurance: What You Should Know You may purchase coverage through any provider you’d like. However, adding SR-22 insurance to your family’s regular car insurance can have a negative effect on your car insurance rates, making an already difficult situation even more financially burdensome. Getting SR-22 insurance from an insurance provider... > Varghese Summersett, one of the fastest-growing personal injury, criminal defense, and family law practices in North Texas, has acquired The Griffin Firm. - Published: 2023-12-18 - Modified: 2024-01-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/varghese-summersett-acquires-griffin-firm/ Varghese Summersett Acquires The Griffin Firm Varghese Summersett, one of the fastest-growing personal injury, criminal defense, and family law practices in North Texas, has acquired The Griffin Firm, known for its outstanding reputation in Southlake and Keller. The acquisition, effective immediately, allows Varghese Summersett to expand its reach and serve more clients facing complex family law issues. Wade Griffin, founder of the Griffin Firm, on joining Varghese Summersett The Griffin Firm, founded by attorney Wade Griffin, has been a leading family law practice for more than two decades. The firm is known for its compassionate, results-driven approach to resolving family law matters, including divorce, asset division, and child custody disputes. The firm will continue serving its existing clients under the Varghese Summersett banner, ensuring a seamless transition and uninterrupted legal services. “We are incredibly proud of the work we have done at The Griffin Firm,” said Wade Griffin, who joins Varghese Summersett as a partner. “We are excited to join forces with Varghese Summersett and continue providing superior representation to our clients, backed by the resources and expertise of one of the most dynamic and progressive law firms in North Texas. ” A Greater Presence in Southlake and Keller “We are thrilled to add this outstanding team to our family law division,” said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. “The Griffin Law Firm has a reputation for excellence and dedication to its clients, particularly in the Southlake and Keller area. We look forward to integrating their expertise with ours, strengthening our ability to provide exceptional legal representation to more North Texas individuals and families. ” Varghese Summersett Continues Expansion This acquisition marks another milestone for Varghese Summersett as it continues to expand its offerings and reach in the legal industry. The firm has seen tremendous growth since its inception in 2014 as a criminal defense practice. Since then, Varghese Summersett has added family law and personal injury divisions – all of which have dedicated attorneys and staff with proven records of success. The firm, named a fastest-growing company by Inc. 5000 magazine, has nearly 50 employees and offices in Fort Worth and Dallas, with plans to add more in the immediate future. “We are committed to providing exceptional legal representation to our clients and growing strategically to better serve their needs,” said Partner Anna Summersett. “The acquisition of The Griffin Firm is a testament to that commitment and reinforces our dedication to achieving the best possible outcomes for clients throughout North Texas. ” About Varghese Summersett Headquartered in downtown Fort Worth, Varghese Summersett is a premiere criminal defense, personal injury, and family law practice dedicated to helping people through life’s greatest challenges. The firm’s roster is full of highly experienced, award-winning attorneys committed to providing exceptional legal services. Varghese Summersett has more than 725 5-star Google reviews and has been named a “DFW Favorite,” a “Best Place to Work,” and a “Best Place for Working Parents,” among numerous other accolades. Learn more about Varghese Summersett at versustexas. com. > In Texas, public urination is illegal and can result in fines and community service. Here's what you need to know before you about the Class C misdemeanor. - Published: 2023-12-08 - Modified: 2023-12-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/public-urination/ When nature calls, it can be tempting to answer it in the most convenient way possible. However, urinating in public can have serious consequences in Texas. While taking a leak may seem like a minor indiscretion, public urination is actually illegal, and it can result in fines, community service, and possibly a criminal record. What is Public Urination in the Eyes of the Law? Public urination, in the eyes of the law, falls under the category of Disorderly Conduct in the state of Texas. Specifically, Section 42. 01 of the Texas Penal Code defines disorderly conduct as the act of “exposing his anus or genitals in a public place and is reckless about whether another may be present who will be offended or alarmed by his act. ” This offense is typically considered a Class C misdemeanor in Texas, the lowest misdemeanor offense in the state. However, don’t let that classification fool you. The consequences of a Class C misdemeanor can be more significant than you might think. If you’re found guilty, you could possibly face a fine of up to $500 and a final conviction on your record. That’s a substantial financial and long-term burden to bear for a few moments of convenience. Graver Consequences: Indecent Exposure and Lewdness Depending on the circumstances, the location, if a minor is present, and the prosecutor’s discretion, a public urination could be charged as a more severe offense, such as Indecent Exposure or Lewdness. These charges carry significantly harsher consequences and may even lead to sex offender registration. Indecent Exposure: Under the Texas Penal Code, 21. 08, a person commits an offense if he exposes his anus or any part of his genitals with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, and he is reckless about whether another is present who will be offended or alarmed by his act. Consequences for this crime can land you up to six months in jail and a $2,000 fine. Lewdness: Penal Code 21. 07 defines this as an offense where a person knowingly engages in any of the following acts in a public place or, if not in a public place, he or she is reckless about whether another is present who will be offended or alarmed by his or her: Act of sexual intercourse; Act of deviate sexual intercourse; OR Act of sexual contact. Avoiding the Consequences The best way to avoid the serious consequences of public urination in Texas is to plan ahead. Here are some tips to help you navigate these situations: Use Public Restrooms: Whenever possible, use designated public restrooms. Most public places, like parks, shopping centers, and restaurants, provide restroom facilities. Plan Ahead: If you know you’ll be in an area without accessible restrooms, plan accordingly. Try to use the facilities before leaving home or seek out restrooms at nearby businesses. Ask for Assistance: If you find yourself in a situation without restroom access, consider seeking help from a local business owner or law enforcement officer... > When you meet with a divorce attorney for the first time, it's important to have a list of questions ready to go. Here's some important divorce consultation questions. - Published: 2023-11-22 - Modified: 2023-11-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-consultation-questions/ Going through a divorce can be a challenging and emotional journey, especially in Texas, where the laws and regulations surrounding divorce can be complex. That’s why finding the right attorney for your case is so important. So how do you do this? By asking the right questions during your initial consultation. Meeting with an attorney for the first time can be intimidating, but with this list of divorce consultation questions, you can be sure that you’re gathering all the necessary information to make an informed decision. Remember, your attorney will play a crucial role in your divorce proceedings, so it’s important to choose someone who has legal expertise, understands your unique situation, and with whom you feel comfortable working long-term. In this article, we offer important questions to ask during your initial consultation, but please also take a moment to watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton, who explains what you can expect during an initial consultation at Varghese Summersett. Important Attorney Questions During the divorce process, your attorney’s expertise and approach can significantly impact your case’s outcome. As you prepare for a divorce consultation, it’s vital to ask specific questions that will help you understand the attorney’s experience, approach, and how they will handle your unique situation. These questions provide insight into the attorney’s proficiency in family law and familiarity with the specific legal landscape of Texas, including the county where your case will be filed. Here are some critical divorce consultation questions that will help you assess the suitability of an attorney for your case. How long have you been practicing family law? Do you actively practice in the county where my case will be filed? What is your experience handling divorce cases in Texas? What is your approach to divorce cases – do you prefer to resolve them outside of court or go to trial? How do you tailor your strategy to individual client needs? Have you handled cases with issues similar to mine before? What was the outcome? How will we communicate about my case and how often? Can I reach you after hours? How will I have access to my file? Who will be working on my case? Will other attorneys at your firm or paralegals be handling aspects of it? Who makes court appearances on my case? Do you have time to handle my case? How much will it cost for you to represent me? When is payment due? Other than attorney fees, will there be additional costs and expenses? What can I do to control the cost of my divorce? Can I get my spouse to pay your attorney’s fees? What is your success rate in divorce cases? Can you provide references or reviews from past clients? What are my next steps after this consultation? Asking these questions will not only help you understand the attorney’s experience and skills but also give you a sense of their communication style and transparency. It’s crucial to choose an attorney who not only... > No one wants to spend the holidays in the hospital due to an unexpected accident and injury. Here's some holiday safety tips to keep you out of the emergency room. - Published: 2023-11-20 - Modified: 2023-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/holiday-safety-tips/ The holidays are supposed to be a time of joy and togetherness, but they can also bring unexpected accidents and injuries. With so many people traveling, cooking, decorating, and celebrating, there are plenty of opportunities for accidents – some of which may be catastrophic or even tragic. The personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett know all too well that accidents can occur at any time, but the best way to avoid them is to try to keep them from happening in the first place. In this article, we have compiled holiday safety tips that will hopefully keep you and your loved ones out of the emergency room and make this holiday memorable for all the right reasons. Key Takeaways To avoid holiday accidents, follow safety guidelines when decorating, traveling, and cooking. Wear appropriate footwear and use correct carving techniques for added protection against slip and fall injuries. Ensure electrical decorations are in good working condition, wear helmets while riding Christmas toys, practice fire safety measures, and plan ahead to reduce the risk of intoxication accidents during the holidays. Tips to Avoid Holiday Decorating Accidents The holiday season is synonymous with beautiful decorations, but being festive comes with its fair share of hazards. During the 2023 holiday season, a staggering 14,900 individuals ended up in the emergency room with injuries related to holiday decorating. Some common injuries associated with Christmas decorations include: Slip and falls, which account for around 40 percent of injuries and are often caused by falls while putting up decorations Cuts and lacerations from broken ornaments or decorations Burns from candles, kitchen fires or faulty electrical wiring Eye injuries from flying debris or broken ornaments To prevent these accidents, it is important to adhere to ladder safety guidelines, wear appropriate footwear, handle decorations with care, and ensure that electrical decorations are in good working condition. Safety measures should be closely followed when setting up holiday decorations. Here are some tips to keep in mind: Keep decorations away from open flames, such as burning candles, fireplaces, or heaters Ensure the correct wattage for light bulbs is used Unplug lights when they are not in use Keep decorations away from children and pets Exercise caution when using ladders and other tools Wear protective gear when using sharp objects When hanging decorations, make sure they are secure and will not easily fall or become loose Slip and Falls Slip and fall accidents during the holidays can be attributed to various factors, including icy or slippery sidewalks, inadequate maintenance of walkways and entryways, and falling from ladders while decorating. Wearing shoes with grips and rubber soles can minimize the risk of slip and fall accidents. Maintaining cleanliness in high-traffic areas can help prevent slip-and-fall accidents during the holidays by reducing the potential of tripping over objects or obstacles. Keeping these areas organized and clean allows for spills to be quickly addressed, which can help avoid slippery surfaces that can lead to falls. It is also important not to leave cooking food unattended... > Varghese Summersett celebrated its relocation to a larger, gorgeous new space with a ribbon cutting ceremony on November 14, 2023. - Published: 2023-11-15 - Modified: 2023-11-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ribbon-cutting/ More than 100 friends, family, and community members gathered for a ceremonial ribbon cutting on Tuesday at Varghese Summersett, marking the firm’s relocation to a larger, gorgeous new space. Last month, the firm relocated from the 16th to the 7th floor of the One City Place Building, now occupying a newly renovated 15,000-square-foot space. The move, necessitated by the firm’s remarkable growth, reflects its commitment to providing unparalleled legal services to clients for years to come. “As we celebrate this new chapter, I am reminded that our journey to this point has truly been a collective effort,” said Benson Varghese, founder and managing partner of the firm. “The success and growth of Varghese Summersett is attributed to the hard work and dedication of our entire team. From those who have been with us since the firm’s inception to the new faces who have recently joined the VS family, each person has played an integral part on this path. I am grateful for all of you – and for the confidence and support of our clients who continue to trust us to handle the greatest challenges in their lives. ” The ribbon cutting event was sponsored, in part, by the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce, which earlier this year named Varghese Summersett a “Small Business of the Year. ” Guests enjoyed champagne and hors d’oeuvres as they toured the modern, exquisitely decorated space, which features 36 glass offices, four gorgeous conference rooms, a state-of-the-art courtroom, collaborative workspaces, and stunning views of downtown Fort Worth. The new space houses three separate law divisions – Personal Injury, Family Law, and Criminal Defense – with room to expand. The renovations for the sleek new space – which were designed by the firm’s co-owner, Anna Summersett – took six months to complete and involved a lot of thoughtful planning and meticulous attention to detail. Every aspect of the space was carefully curated to create an inviting, modern atmosphere that reflects the firm’s commitment to innovative legal strategies and exceptional client service. “This space is a reflection of our team and our culture – modern, dynamic, and forward-thinking,” Summersett said. “We wanted to create a space that not only inspires our team to do their best work, but also provides a comfortable and calming environment for our clients. We are proud of what we have accomplished so far and excited about the future of Varghese Summersett. The sky truly is the limit. ” > Christmas tree accidents send hundreds of people to the hospital each year. Here's some safety tips to keep you and your family safe. Injured? Call 817-207-4878 for free consult. - Published: 2023-11-08 - Modified: 2023-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/christmas-tree-accidents/ While Christmas trees bring joy and a festive spirit, they can also be the cause of severe accidents and catastrophic injuries. Fires, falls, electrocutions, and lacerations from Christmas tree accidents can quickly turn holiday cheer into tears. Each year, hundreds of people end up in the hospital due to Christmas tree mishaps and mistakes – often through no fault of their own. Some injuries, such as cuts from broken ornaments, may be relatively minor, while others may be life-altering, including burns from electrical fires or crushing injuries from falls or toppling trees. If you or a loved one has been injured in a Christmas tree accident due to someone else’s negligence, you may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. In this article, the Texas personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain common Christmas tree accidents, the process for recovering compensation if you have been injured, and how our law firm can help. We also offer 15 important Christmas tree safety tips that we hope will help keep you, your family, and your pets injury-free this holiday season. Key Takeaways Christmas tree accidents and injuries may be prevented by following safety protocols. Reduce fire hazards by correctly placing lights, ensuring electrical safety, and using fire-resistant decorations. Electrical malfunctions, faulty wiring, overloaded circuits, and defective holiday lights are the primary causes of Christmas tree fires. Homeowners, property owners, manufacturers, and retailers could be held liable for Christmas tree accidents. If you or a loved one has been injured in a Christmas tree accident, contacting an experienced personal injury lawyer is essential. Common Christmas Tree Accidents Every year, families around the world partake in the time-honored tradition of setting up a Christmas tree. While these trees bring festive cheer into our homes, they also come with potential risks. Understanding the most common types of Christmas tree accidents is crucial in taking preventative measures to ensure that the season remains merry and bright for everyone. Here’s a look at the most common causes of Christmas tree accidents: Fires: Christmas tree fires are among the most serious accidents. These can occur due to electrical faults in lights, overloaded sockets, or trees being placed too near heat sources. Particularly for dry, real trees, the risk of a tiny spark turning into a major fire is significant. Falls: Falls while decorating, assembling or dissembling Christmas trees are another common cause of tree accidents. Falls can also occur from the improper or unaccompanied use of ladders or step stools. Awareness of potential hazards and taking necessary precautions can prevent many of these tree accidents. Electrocutions: Damaged electrical cords or faulty Christmas lights can cause electrocutions, a risk that increases with the use of real trees with metallic ornaments or metallic trees. Lacerations and cuts: Sharp edges of decorations or broken bulbs, especially glass ones, can lead to cuts and lacerations, sometimes requiring medical attention. Ingestion Injuries: Pets and small children might be tempted to chew on or... > Considering adoption in Texas? Here are nine signs that you're ready to adopt and how Varghese Summersett can guide you through the process. Call (817) 203-2220. - Published: 2023-11-06 - Modified: 2023-11-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ready-to-adopt/ If you’ve faced challenges in your journey toward parenthood, you’re not alone. Whether it’s infertility, waiting for the right partner, or just questioning if being a parent is right for you, many find themselves in a similar spot. But if you’re reading this right now, you’re likely thinking about adoption. That’s a significant step. How do you know you're ready to adopt? Adopting a child is a huge decision. Two out of five adults have considered adoption, but only 1 in 10 have adopted. While there’s plenty of professional advice out there, the final call is yours. So, how do you know if you’re genuinely ready to adopt? Here are nine signs that you’re ready to take this life-changing step: 1. You’re Financially Stable In the Lone Star State, having the financial resources to provide for a child is crucial. But it’s not just about checking a box. It’s about ensuring you can meet the child’s needs, from basic essentials like food and shelter to educational opportunities and extracurricular activities. If you can confidently say that you’re financially stable and able to adequately provide for a child for the next 18 years (or longer), then you’re one step closer to being ready to adopt. 2. You’re Emotionally Prepared Adopting a child is not just a legal process; it’s an emotional journey. Ask yourself: Are you prepared for the joys, challenges, highs, and lows of the adoption process – and parenthood? Emotional preparedness also involves understanding and empathizing with the child’s unique background and experiences. If you feel ready to take on this emotional responsibility, then you’re on the right track. 3. Your Relationship with Your Partner is Solid Whether you’re married or in a committed partnership, having a stable and supportive relationship with your significant other is essential when considering adoption. Adoption can bring significant changes to your life and your partner’s life. Make sure that you are both ready for these changes and have a strong foundation of trust and communication before embarking on the adoption journey. 4. You Have a Strong Support System It truly does take a village. Having friends and family who back your decision is indispensable. This support can come in many forms: advice, babysitting, or simply a listening ear during challenging times. A solid support network can make the journey smoother and more fulfilling. If you have a supportive community, you’re already ahead of the game. 5. You’ve Done Your Research Adoption is a complex process with many different paths and options. It’s essential to educate yourself on the various types of adoption, the legal requirements in your state, and the potential challenges that may arise. Doing thorough research shows that you’re invested in making informed decisions and are ready to tackle obstacles that may come your way. Seeking guidance from an adoption attorney at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help navigate this process. 6. You’re Committed The adoption process can be long and challenging at times. It’s crucial to be committed to... > Support National Adoption Month! Donate a stuffed animal for every child adopted in Tarrant County. Find out how. - Published: 2023-11-01 - Modified: 2023-11-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/national-adoption-month/ It’s said that home is where the heart is. But for the more than 113,000 kids in foster care, finding a forever home can be a difficult journey. That’s why November – National Adoption Month – is a special time for adoption communities across the country. National Adoption Month is an annual initiative dedicated to raising awareness about adoption and finalizing the adoptions of children who have found families to call their own. Varghese Summersett is a proud supporter of National Adoption Month and the adoption community in Tarrant County. We believe every child deserves a loving and permanent home, and we are committed to doing our part to make that happen. In addition to volunteering legal services to help facilitate adoptions on Tarrant County’s designated adoption day this year, we’re hosting a teddy drive so every child can go to their new home with a cherished and comforting companion. We invite you to join us in supporting this cause by donating a bear or stuffed animal. Keep reading to learn more about National Adoption Month, Tarrant County Adoption Day, and how you can help. The History of National Adoption Month National Adoption Month has its roots in 1976 when Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis initiated Adoption Week. The primary objective? To promote the awareness of children in foster care awaiting their forever homes. This local effort didn’t stay confined to Massachusetts for long. Its success inspired then-President Ronald Reagan to proclaim the first National Adoption Week in 1984. By 1995, due to increasing awareness and activities, President Bill Clinton expanded the recognition to encompass the entire month of November. Who Participates in National Adoption Month? Every November, an altruistic group of organizations and individuals rally around a shared mission: raising awareness for the thousands of children in foster care awaiting forever homes and facilitating adoptions nationwide. National Adoption Month unites them with his heartfelt cause and includes: Adoptive families: Those who have adopted children or are in the process of adopting. Children in foster care: Children who are waiting for a loving family to call their own. Adoption professionals: Agencies, attorneys, caseworkers, and counselors who facilitate adoptions. Advocacy groups: Organizations that promote adoption awareness and provide resources for families. Government officials: Officials at local, state, and federal levels who support adoption initiatives. Courts: Courts that participate in finalizing adoptions during special ceremonies in November. Schools and educators: School districts often host programs or events highlighting adoption stories. Community organizations: Local groups may host events or provide resources related to adoption. Religious organizations: Many churches, synagogues, mosques, and other religious institutions promote adoption within their communities. General public: Many people, whether directly connected to adoption or not, participate in events, support adoptive families, or use the month as an opportunity to learn more about adoption. All these participants work collectively during National Adoption Month to spread the message about the importance of adoption and the difference it can make in a child’s life. National Adoption Day National Adoption Day is an... > Is your marriage headed for divorce? Understand the six stages of marital crisis. Reach out to Varghese Summersett's experienced divorce attorneys at 817-900-3220. - Published: 2023-10-23 - Modified: 2023-10-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-crisis/ When couples marry, it’s usually because they’re madly in love and want to spend the rest of their lives with each other. Unfortunately, not all marriages have a fairy tale ending. In fact, half of all U. S. marriages end in divorce. Of course, most people don’t just wake up one day and decide they want out. Usually, their marriage has been sick and in a state of deterioration for a long time. In this article, we take a look at the six stages of marital crisis. Recognizing these signs could make a difference between salvaging your relationship or ending up in divorce court. 1. “Honeymoon” Stage This stage marks a beautiful beginning when both partners are hopelessly in love and completely in tune with one another. They see each other as partners, best friends, and confidants. They share common goals, enjoy spending time together, and resolve conflict healthily. Their future is bright and their dreams are big. They are building a foundation that they know will withstand the tests of time. This stage is both a gift and a responsibility, setting the tone for the journey ahead. It’s a time that partners should cherish and actively work to maintain throughout their marriage. 2. Disillusionment Stage The second stage is when life becomes real. It’s when the happy couple realizes that their partner isn’t perfect and that love alone cannot solve all of their problems. They may start to feel disappointed, annoyed, or irritated because their spouse is not fulfilling their expectations. Small quirks or idiosyncrasies that were once endearing might start to grate on nerves. This stage is sometimes referred to as an “Uh-oh” phase, where one or both partners start to question whether they made a mistake. Communication is often the first casualty in this stage. Instead of open dialogues and empathetic understanding, criticism, contempt, and defensiveness might emerge. Small disagreements can ignite significant conflicts, and how couples navigate these disputes is crucial. This stage should not be viewed as a sign of doom but an opportunity. It’s a time to recommit to the partnership through actions and words, to address issues head-on rather than letting them fester, and to find ways to reconnect with the reasons you fell in love in the first place. 3. Constant Conflict Stage When disillusionment and discontent fester, it can lead to the third stage of marital crisis: constant conflict. In this stage, problems may start to feel insurmountable. The couple is in constant conflict and disagreements over finances, parenting, or trivial matters become commonplace. Criticism may become personal, trust may erode, and in the heat of an argument, couples might say or do things that are difficult to take back. This stage, if left unchecked, can cause severe damage to marital bonds, and separation or divorce may cross the mind of the disillusioned spouse(s). This is the phase where external support, such as marriage counseling, can make a big difference in helping couples identify and address deeper issues. The willingness to... > What is a prosecutor? We explain a prosecutor's role, responsibilities and what makes a prosecutor great. - Published: 2023-10-21 - Modified: 2023-10-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-prosecutor/ I started my career as a prosecutor. I’ve seen great prosecutors and unfortunately known a few prosecutors who should considered other career paths. That’s of course true in every profession; there are usually lots of great ones but also commonly a few bad apples. So if you’re reading this, I’m hoping you are a young prosecutor or soon to be prosecutor who hopes to be one of the greats. You may also be here to learn the answer to “what is a prosecutor? ”All of the partners at my firm are former state and federal prosecutors. Between us we have over 100 years of experience prosecuting every level of offense you could conceieve. At the core of a prosecutor’s job is a seemingly simple, yet profound mission: to seek justice. They’re not just out to win cases. Instead, they’re tasked with making sure the right thing happens, whether that’s pursuing a conviction, dropping charges, or offering a fair plea deal. It’s about getting to the truth and ensuring everyone gets a fair shake in the system. In essence, a prosecutor’s role is all about balancing the scales and making sure justice is served Duties and Responsibilities of a Prosecutor Case Evaluation Before a case even reaches the courtroom, a prosecutor plays a pivotal role in assessing the evidence gathered from police investigations. This isn’t just a cursory glance; it involves a meticulous examination of witness statements, forensic findings, surveillance footage, and any other pertinent data. The goal is to determine if there’s a solid foundation to believe a crime has been committed and by whom. Charging Decisions Based on their evaluation, prosecutors decide the next steps. Should they file charges? If so, which specific ones? This decision isn’t made lightly. It’s a balance of ensuring the accused’s rights are upheld while also seeking justice for victims and the community. Representing The State In the legal arena, the prosecutor stands as the voice of the community or the government. Their primary task is to present a coherent and compelling case against the defendant, showcasing evidence and arguing its significance to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Plea Bargaining Trials are lengthy and can be resource-intensive. In some situations, it might be more pragmatic for a prosecutor to offer a plea deal to the accused. This could involve reducing charges or suggesting a milder sentence in return for a guilty plea. Such decisions are made after weighing the strength of the evidence, the nature of the crime, potential risks in trial, and the interests of the victim and society. Witness Examination A significant portion of a trial revolves around witnesses. A prosecutor meticulously prepares to question them, aiming to extract and highlight information that supports the state’s case. This isn’t just about their own witnesses; they also cross-examine those brought by the defense, challenging their credibility and narrative. Sentencing Recommendations When a defendant is convicted, the journey doesn’t end. Prosecutors have a say in the aftermath, often suggesting suitable sentences... > Check out this state-by-state breakdown of trucking accidents in the U.S., including common crash causes and peak danger times, with a spotlight on Texas. - Published: 2023-10-12 - Modified: 2023-10-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/trucking-accidents/ Trucking plays a vital role in the U. S. economy, ensuring everyday goods are transported across the nation efficiently. However, with the increasing number of big rigs on the road, trucking accidents have become a huge concern for the trucking industry, public safety officials, and every motorist behind the wheel. Each year, there are tens of thousands of trucking accidents, ranging from minor collisions to fatal crashes. Due to the sheer size and weight of these vehicles, these accidents not only result in significant property damage but also lead to catastrophic injuries and loss of life. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group compiled and analyzed 2022 data from numerous state and federal agencies to assess the level of danger posed by 18-wheelers and other large trucks. We put together a state-by-state breakdown of trucking accidents, including the deadliest states in America for large truck crashes, the most dangerous time of day for truck accidents, and the most common causes of crashes involving large trucks. We took an even closer look Texas, where we represent people who have been injured or a loved one killed in a collision with a commercial truck. These alarming truck accident statistics underscore the need for stricter safety measures, better road infrastructure, and increased training for truck drivers. Victims of trucking accidents may be entitled to substantial compensation for funeral expenses, medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. Big Rig Accidents in the United States In the United States, trucking accidents are notoriously dangerous. Large trucks - including 18-wheelers, tractor-trailers, semi-trucks, and big rigs - have a gross weight of more than 10,000 pounds but can weigh up to 80,000 pounds when fully loaded. The sheer momentum when they collide with another vehicle can result in devastating consequences. In 2022, there were more than 160,000 large truck crashes nationwide, resulting in more than 5,100 deaths and 73,000 injuries. When a crash occurs, both the truck drivers and their employing companies can be held liable. Victims or their affected family members should contact an experienced truck accident attorney if they have been injured or their loved one killed in a collision involving large trucks. Trucking Terrors: Top 5 States with the Most Trucking Accidents Texas Takes the Lead Topping the list in both big truck wrecks and fatalities is Texas. With an astounding 18,607 large truck accidents and 784 fatalities, the Lone Star State's vast expanse of highways and bustling industrial sectors make it a hub for dangerous trucking. The state's vast and sometimes remote highways, combined with its economic prowess, contribute to a high volume of semi trucks and other big rigs, making accidents more probable. California's Congested Highways Coming in second, California's bustling cities and ports have contributed to a total of 13,292 large truck accidents. With 489 fatalities, the state's scenic yet congested corridors, especially around cities like Los Angeles and San Francisco, have proven perilous for truck drivers and commuters alike. Florida's Freight Flow... > Our Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer answers How Long Does It Take To Get Child Support in Texas - Published: 2023-10-10 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-long-does-it-take-to-get-child-support-in-texas/ The timeline for receiving child support after filing in Texas can vary significantly, influenced by numerous factors such as the cooperation of the noncustodial parent, the efficiency of the legal system, and the specifics of your individual case. With that said, most child support payments begin around two months after filing. This article explains the process of getting child support and the reasons why it can take even more than a couple of months to get child support. Let’s get right into, “how long does it take to get child support in Texas? ” Understanding the Child Support Process in Texas Initial Filing and Service of Process Upon filing for child support, the noncustodial parent must be officially notified of the case – a process known as “service of process. ” This step can take anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the ease of locating and serving the noncustodial parent. Court Proceedings and Order Establishment Once served, the noncustodial parent is required to respond on or before 10:00 a. m. on the Monday after the expiration of twenty days after the date of service according to Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 99. Subsequent court dates, mediations, and potential negotiations extend the timeline further. The duration of this phase hinges heavily on the complexity of the case and the willingness of both parties to reach an agreement. Enforcement of Child Support Orders After the child support order is established, the noncustodial parent is mandated to adhere to it. In instances of non-compliance, enforcement actions, which may include wage garnishments or contempt of court proceedings, can be initiated. The Texas Family Code § 158. 001 mandates employers to commence with wage withholding no later than the first pay period after receiving the order. Learn more about enforcement of child support. How Long Does a Non-Custodial Parent Pay Child Support in Texas? In Texas, the non-custodial parent is typically obligated to pay child support until the child reaches 18 years of age or graduates from high school, whichever occurs later, according to Texas Family Code § 154. 001. However, like any rule, exceptions exist. Emancipation is one; joining the military is another. Extended Support for Special Circumstances In instances where a child has a physical or mental disability, the court may order that child support continues indefinitely, even beyond the age of 18, to ensure the child’s needs are met. College and Beyond: A Parental Agreement While Texas law doesn’t mandate parents to provide support beyond high school, parents can mutually agree to extend support through college and, potentially, graduate school. How should child support be paid in Texas? In Texas, there are several methods through which child support can be paid and tracked by the Attorney General’s Office: Direct Deposit or Texas Payment Card: You can receive child support payments through direct deposit to your bank account or with the Texas Payment Card. More details can be found on the Office of the Attorney General’s website. State Disbursement... > Getting pulled over is nervewracking, but what if you have marijuanna, a gun or open container in the car? Here's a look at Texas traffic stop scenarios and consequences. - Published: 2023-10-09 - Modified: 2023-10-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-traffic-stop/ Getting pulled over by police is nerve-wracking under any circumstance, but what happens if you get stopped and you have marijuana, a gun, or an open container of alcohol in the vehicle? In this article, the board certified criminal attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain the potential consequences of a Texas traffic stop if you have if you have prohibited substances, firearms, or alcohol in your possession. Scenario 1: Texas Traffic Stop and the Smell of Marijuana If you are stopped by police in Texas, and the officer smells marijuana, they have the right to search your vehicle - even without a warrant or consent of the owner. Legal Basis and Implications In Texas, marijuana is still illegal. That means if an officer smells marijuana, they have probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and can search your vehicle. People sometimes wrongly believe that an officer has to have a warrant to search your property. This is true if it is your home, but it does not apply to your vehicle. Officers have the ability to search your vehicle under what is commonly referred to as the "automobile exception" to the 4th Amendment. This exception is predicated on the rationale that because drivers can take off, securing a warrant is often impractical and could potentially allow for the destruction or removal of evidence. Therefore, when there is probable cause—such as the smell of marijuana emanating from the vehicle—officers in Texas have the legal authority to perform a search promptly and without a warrant, aligning with the stipulations of the "automobile exception. " If marijuana is discovered during the search, the individual can be charged with possession of marijuana, which can range from a Class B misdemeanor to a felony, depending on the amount found. If any other incriminating evidence or illegal items are discovered during the search, such as unlawful firearms, drugs or stolen property, additional charges can be brought. Odor of Marijuana (vs. Hemp) as Reasonable Suspicion for a Stop Challenging reasonable suspicion based on the odor of marijuana in Texas, particularly after the enactment of House Bill 1325 on June 10, 2019, involves a nuanced legal argument that underscores the inherent difficulty in distinguishing between legal hemp and illegal marijuana without specific laboratory testing. The pivotal aspect of HB 1325, which differentiates hemp from marijuana based on a THC concentration threshold of 0. 3 percent, becomes a crucial point of contention in establishing the legitimacy of reasonable suspicion solely based on odor. Given that both hemp and marijuana emanate a similar scent, officers are unable to definitively ascertain the legality of the substance in question merely through smell. This inability to differentiate between the odors of hemp and marijuana, and thereby determine the legality of the substance, brings the constitutionality of searches and seizures based on such suspicion into question, invoking considerations related to the Fourth Amendment. Scenario 2: Unlawful Carrying of a Weapon During a Texas Traffic Stop In Texas, having a gun in your... > Protect your assets. Contact us for legal assistance with marital property agreements in Texas and learn how they protect you in the event of divorce. 817-900-3220. - Published: 2023-10-04 - Modified: 2023-10-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-property-agreements-in-texas/ Martial Property Agreements in Texas A marital property agreement in Texas, also known as a prenuptial (before marriage) or postnuptial (after marriage) agreement, is a legal document that specifies how a couple will divide their assets and debts in the event of a divorce, death, or sometimes even during the marriage. Texas follows a community property law system. This means that, without a marital property agreement, any property acquired by either spouse during the marriage (with some exceptions such as gifts and inheritances) is generally considered community property and is typically divided equally between the spouses in the event of a divorce. However, a couple may choose to modify the community property rules by entering into a marital property agreement. This agreement can define what property is to be considered separate property (which belongs solely to one spouse) and what is to be considered community property. Of course, nobody ever wants to consider the prospect of divorce, but there are benefits to coming to an agreement regarding marital property before or during the marriage. An agreement made while a couple is in a good place allows them to consider what is best for each other without emotions affecting their decisions. In this article, our experienced divorce and family law attorneys at Varghese Summersestt explain marital property agreements in Texas, the various types of marital agreements, and how our attorneys can assist you and your fiance or spouse are interested in drafting, reviewing, or understanding such agreements to ensure your assets are protected and your rights are upheld in the future. https://youtu. be/Bb_DYmFbroA Community Property vs. Separate Property In Texas, the law classifies marital property into two main categories: community property and separate property Community Property in Texas Community property refers to all income, assets, and debts acquired by either spouse during the marriage, regardless of whose name they are in. This includes real estate, retirement accounts, and personal property. Texas is a community property state, meaning that, in the absence of a marital property agreement, all community property will be divided equally between spouses in the event of a divorce. Separate Property in Texas Separate property, on the other hand, refers to assets and debts that a spouse acquired before marriage or received during the marriage as a gift or inheritance. Separate property is not subject to division in a divorce. Types of Marital Property Agreements in Texas There are two main types of marital property agreements in Texas that can help you protect your assets and avoid disputes during divorce: Prenuptial Agreement A prenuptial agreement is a legal contract entered into by a couple before marriage. It outlines the division of assets and debts in case of divorce or the death of a spouse. Couples can use a prenuptial agreement to establish separate property rights and protect their premarital assets. Postnuptial Agreement A postnuptial agreement is similar to a prenuptial agreement, but it's signed after the couple is married. This type of agreement can be used to modify the... > Divorce for first responders comes with its own unique set of challenges. We can help. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with an experienced Fort Worth divorce laywer. - Published: 2023-09-26 - Modified: 2023-09-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-for-first-responders/ Divorce is never easy. But for the brave men and women serving as first responders, this process is often exacerbated by the demands and stress of their professions. At Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, we understand the unique hurdles our first responders face. From complicated child visitation schedules to intricate child support calculations, divorce presents unique challenges for those on the front lines in Fort Worth and the surrounding areas. In this article, our attorneys explain the most common obstacles in a divorce for first responders and offer strategies for getting them through this process with as little stress as possible. We appreciate everything that our first responders do, and we’re here to help them navigate the difficult waters of divorce. First Responders in Texas First responders are the brave men and women who are the first to arrive and provide assistance at the scene of emergencies. This group typically includes: Firefighters: They are primarily responsible for responding to fires, rescues, and incidents that require protection of life or property. Police officers: This includes members of city police departments, county sheriff's offices, and state troopers who are tasked with upholding and enforcing the law. Paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs): They provide basic and advanced life support and are responsible for medical care during emergency situations. 911 dispatchers: Although not always in the field like the other first responders, dispatchers play a critical role in emergency response, coordinating resources and being the first point of contact in emergencies. Certain other groups: Depending on the specific context and local definitions, other groups such as search and rescue teams, emergency management personnel, and even some public health workers may also be considered as first responders. For first responders, the nature of their job exposes them to traumatic events, long and unpredictable work hours, and life-and-death situations regularly. These factors, combined with the inherent stress of the profession, can strain personal relationships. High Divorce Rate Among First Responders Several studies indicate that the divorce rate among first responders is significantly higher than the national average. For example, according to the First Responder's Initiative, the divorce rate for first responders averages between 60-75 percent - compared to 50 percent on average. The unpredictable hours, recurring trauma exposure, and the emotional toll of their job can create a wedge between them and their spouses. These unique work-related challenges often spill over into personal lives, making marital harmony harder to maintain. First Responders and Child Custody Matters & Visitation Navigating child custody arrangements is a trying ordeal for any parent navigating a divorce. The decisions made can affect not only the immediate dynamics of the family but also the long-term emotional and developmental well-being of the child. For those serving as first responders, these arrangements can be further complicated due to the inherent demands and unpredictabilities of their professions. Irregular Schedules and Their Impact A primary concern for many first responders is their unpredictable and often irregular work schedules. Unlike a 9-to-5 job, first responders may... > Personal injury depositions in Texas are an important part of the litigation process. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2023-09-24 - Modified: 2023-09-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-depositions/ Personal injury depositions are an integral part of the litigation process in Texas, shedding light on the facts and helping determine the outcome of a case. But what exactly happens during one? Is it mandatory for all personal injury cases? Let’s dive into the world of personal injury depositions and equip you with the necessary information. But before you read on, please take a moment to watch this informative video by experienced personal injury lawyer Ty Stimpson. https://youtu. be/tKDEh0CwRVw The Personal Injury Deposition A personal injury deposition is a formal process where witnesses, including the plaintiff and defendant, provide sworn testimony about the case. It holds the same weight as if the parties were testifying in court. This testimony is typically given before the trial and is recorded by a court reporter. The deposition's purpose is to gather information, pin down facts, and identify any potential inconsistencies in the stories presented by various parties. Are Depositions Required in All Personal Injury Cases? No, not all personal injury cases in Texas require depositions. However, they are common in cases where: The facts are disputed. The liability is not clear. Significant compensation is at stake. Depositions can be instrumental in helping both sides evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of their respective positions, facilitating settlements, or preparing for trial. Where Will the Deposition Take Place? In Texas, most personal injury depositions are conducted at the office of one of the attorneys involved. The location is typically neutral and is selected to ensure the comfort and convenience of all parties. Preparing for a Personal Injury Deposition Understand the Process Firstly, familiarize yourself with the deposition process. While the attorneys at Varghese Summersett can guide you, it's beneficial to know what to expect. Review Your Facts Go over all the pertinent details of the accident or incident. Consistency is key. Make sure your testimony aligns with any previous statements you've made. Stay Calm and Composed You may face challenging or pressing questions. Remember to stay calm, take your time, and answer honestly. Avoid guessing or speculating. Consult with Your Attorney Always consult with your attorney from Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group before the deposition. They will provide invaluable guidance, ensuring you are well-prepared. How Will the Deposition Be Used? The deposition can serve several purposes: Evidence: If the case goes to trial, the deposition can be used as evidence, particularly if discrepancies arise in the witness's testimonies. Case Evaluation: Both sides can use the deposition to gauge the strengths and weaknesses of their case. Settlement Negotiations: A deposition can facilitate settlement discussions by clarifying uncertainties. Why Personal Injury Depositions are Important Personal injury depositions play a pivotal role in Texas litigation. They ensure a thorough examination of all facts and help the court in delivering justice. Moreover, they serve as a tool to evaluate the merits of the case, potentially saving time, costs, and resources by facilitating out-of-court settlements. Personal Injury Deposition Questions In a personal injury deposition, various questions are posed to understand the... > Get expert guidance on enforcement of Texas family court orders. Whether you're enforcing or defending, our law firm can help. 817-900-3220 - Published: 2023-09-19 - Modified: 2023-09-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/enforcement-of-texas-family-court-orders/ In Texas, court orders are an essential part of all divorce and family law cases, establishing clear guidelines on child custody, support, and visitation, as well as property division and spousal support. These legally binding documents, issued by the court, are designed to provide a clear path forward for families in transition and minimize potential conflicts in the future. Court orders take into account the best interests of the children, the financial circumstances of both parties, and a multitude of other factors, ensuring a just and equitable resolution for everyone involved. So, when one of the parties doesn't follow a court order, it usually doesn't sit well with the other party - or the judge. They can face serious consequences, including loss of certain rights, fines, or even jail time. In this article, our experienced family law attorneys explain the enforcement of Texas family court orders, including an overview of common family orders and what can happen when someone doesn't comply. Texas Family Court Orders A court order is an official written directive issued by the court in connection with a family law case. It can be used to resolve both major issues and minor disputes, such as child custody, support, visitation rights, division of assets or debts, property ownership and more. Here's a quick overview of different types of orders and common examples of non-compliance: Child Custody and Visitation Orders These outline where a child will live, visitation schedules for the non-custodial parent, and other custody arrangements. Example: Sarah was supposed to drop off her son with John, the father, for the weekend as per their custody agreement. However, she decided to take a spontaneous trip out of town instead, preventing John from seeing their son. This denied visitation has occurred on numerous occassions. Child Support Orders This details the amount of money a non-custodial parent must provide to support their child or children. Example: Mike was ordered to pay $800 a month in child support to help Lisa care for their two children. For the past three months, he has not made any payments, leaving Lisa struggling with additional financial burdens. Alimony or Spousal Maintenance Orders These indicate whether one party must provide financial support to the other after a divorce and how much money they must pay. Example: After their divorce, Robert was ordered pay his ex-wife, Michelle, $600 in monthly spousal support. Robert has failed to pay her a penny. Property Division Orders These decide how a couple's assets and debts will be divided following a divorce. Example: Emma and Lucas had a joint bank account. A court order stated that Lucas was to receive 60 percent of the funds and Emma 40 percnet. Lucas withdrew the entire amount without giving Emma her share. If your ex-spouse or co-parent has failed to follow the divorce decree or court order, he or she may be subject to legal consequences. It's important to know that the court has the power to enforce family court orders and take action... > Non-economic damages in Texas personal injury cases refer to compensation for intangible losses, such as pain and suffering and emotional distress. Learn more. - Published: 2023-09-17 - Modified: 2023-09-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/non-economic-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/ When you've been injured in an accident, the physical pain is just the beginning. The aftermath can leave a lasting imprint on your life, going far beyond medical bills and lost wages. The pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of companionship can be substantial and heart-wrenching. In Texas, victims who have been hurt due to someone's negligence can seek damages - monetary compensation - for the harm they have suffered. This includes non-economic damages, which are designed to compensate victims for losses that cannot be measured in terms of money. In this article, the experienced attorneys at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain non-economic damages in personal injury cases, including what they cover, how they are calculated, and how our law firm can help get you the maximum compensation you deserve. Please take a moment to watch this video by seasoned personal injury lawyer Ty Stimpson who gives an overview of the types of damages in Texas personal injury cases. https://youtu. be/fkgae0Vt7eI? list=PLwKVUzTK6028Bco6q5mYt0MKLSqUjKWyk Types of Non-Economic Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases Non-economic damages in Texas are codified in Section 41. 001 (12) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. It defines non-economic damages as damages awarded for the purpose of compensating a claimant for physical pain and suffering, mental or emotional pain or anguish, loss of consortium, disfigurement, physical impairment, loss of companionship and society, inconvenience, loss of enjoyment of life, injury to reputation, and all other nonpecuniary losses of any kind other than exemplary damages. Unlike economic damages, which cover calculable losses such as medical expenses or lost income, non-economic damages are intangible losses that can't be easily quantified. Non-economic damages in Texas personal injury cases include: Pain and Suffering Pain and suffering pertains to the discomfort and distress that stems directly from the physical injuries sustained. This includes not only the immediate pain from the injury but also any potential ongoing pain that is anticipated to continue in the future. Chronic pain conditions, lasting physical disabilities, or the long-term effects of injuries like reduced mobility, fall under this umbrella. The severity and duration of the pain play crucial roles in determining the amount of compensation awarded. For instance, a severe injury causing excruciating pain or long-lasting discomfort can significantly increase the amount of pain and suffering damages. Mental or Emotional Pain and Anguish Emotional distress refers to the psychological impact resulting from physical injuries. This can include a range of conditions such as anxiety, depression, loss of enjoyment of life, fear, anger, humiliation, and even more severe mental health conditions like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Emotional distress can be debilitating. For example, an individual might develop a fear of driving after a serious car accident or may experience a decrease in self-esteem due to scarring or disfigurement. It's important to note that while these damages may seem subjective, they are very real to those who experience them, and therefore, can be included in a personal injury claim. Loss of Consortium Traditionally, loss of consortium... > Punitive damages in Texas personal injury cases are awarded to victims who were injured due to another person or company's fraud, malice or gross negligence. Learn more. - Published: 2023-09-15 - Modified: 2023-09-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/punitive-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/ What are punitive damages in Texas? Punitive damages in Texas, also known as exemplary damages, are monetary awards given in civil lawsuits as a punishment to the defendant and to deter others from engaging in similar conduct. According to Chapter 41 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, these damages are awarded when the defendant's actions are proven to be fraudulent, malicious, or grossly negligent. The intent behind punitive damages is not to compensate the plaintiff, but rather to penalize wrongful actions and discourage future similar behavior. When someone is injured in an accident, it's often caused by another party's negligence - that is, a careless mistake or reckless act. But what if it goes beyond that and turns out the behavior was intentional or malicious? That is when punitive damages come in. Punitive damages are a type of monetary compensation awarded to victims who were injured due to another person or company's fraud, malice or gross negligence. They are designed to punish the defendant for their egregious actions and to deter others from engaging in similar conduct in the future. In this article, the experienced attorneys at Varghese Summesett Injury Law Group explain punitive damages in Texas personal injury cases, including when they are sought, how they are proven, and how our law firm can help if you've been injured in an accident. Please take a moment to watch this short video by an experienced personal injury lawyer Ty Stimpson who gives an overview of the types of damages in personal injury cases in Texas. https://youtu. be/fkgae0Vt7eI? list=PLwKVUzTK6028Bco6q5mYt0MKLSqUjKWyk Punitive Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases The most common type of damages in Texas personal injury cases are economic and non-economic damages - also referred to as "compensatory damages. " They are designed to compensate a victim for the losses they have suffered, such as medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Punitive damages, meanwhile, are not awarded in every personal injury case. In fact, they are considered an exception rather than the rule, reserved for cases where the defendant's conduct was especially reprehensible. Also referred to as "exemplary damages," punitive damages are a special form of relief intended to punish the wrongdoer for their gross negligence and discourage similar behavior in the future. Under Section 41. 003 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Act, exemplary damages may be awarded only if the claimant proves by clear and convincing evidence that the harm with respect to which the claimant seeks recovery of exemplary damages results from: 1) fraud; 2) malice; or 3) gross negligence. This is a relatively high standard of proof, and as a result, the awarding of punitive damages is less frequent than compensatory damages. Proving Fraud, Malice, or Gross Negligence in a Punitive Damages Claim In Texas, punitive damages, or exemplary damages, provide a unique layer to the personal injury litigation process. Unlike compensatory damages aimed at making the victim whole again, punitive damages serve to penalize or punish the defendant for exceptionally harmful... > There's a lot of confusion about open in carry in Texas. Here's a look at the law and answers to some frequently asked questions regarding license to carry. - Published: 2023-09-15 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/open-carry-texas/ Since January 1, 2016, Texas has allowed “open carry” — or wearing weapons in plain view in belt or shoulder holsters. That law was passed even though 75 percent of Texas police chiefs expressed opposition to open carry. Since then, lawmakers have passed more gun-related laws, several of which went into effect on September 1, 2019, and further loosened restrictions on open carry in Texas. Now most Texans can carry a handgun in public without a special license to carry. Texans can also get a License to Carry (LTC) for additional benefits. Who Can Open Carry in Texas? Generally, Texans can carry in Texas if they meet the following requirements Be at least 21 years old Not have a prior felony conviction for which the punishment ended in the last five years and even after five years only at the person's residence Not be a member of a criminal street gang Not have a conviction for family violence for which the punishment ended in the last five years Not be subject to a protective order Not be prohibited from carrying a firearm under federal law Not be intoxicated other than inside one's residence or inside one's vehicle. (If you drive while intoxicated, that is unlawful carry of a weapon. ) 18-year-olds and Open Carry in Texas A federal judge has ruled that it is unconstitutional for Texas to make it illegal for 18-20-year-olds to open carry in Texas. Texas has decided not to appeal that decision, so although Texas law says you have to be 21 to open carry, 18-20-year-olds are not going to be prosecuted under the current state of the law. Read the entire opinion here: Learn about: Campus Carry in Texas Open Carry Laws that went in effect September 2019 Here's a quick rundown of new laws that went into effect on Sept. 1, 2019, in Texas. Senate Bill 535: allows Texans to carry guns in churches and other places of worship unless banned by those places with proper signage Senate Bill 741: prohibits property owners' associations from banning storage of guns on rental properties House Bill 121: provides a legal defense for licensed handgun owners who unknowingly enter an establishment that bans firearms as long as they leave when asked House Bill 302: prohibits landlords from banning renters and their guests from carrying firearms in lease agreements House Bill 1387: loosens restrictions on the number of school marshals who can carry guns at public and private schools in Texas House Bill 1177: allows Texans to carry handguns without a license during a state of disaster House Bill 1143: prohibits school districts from banning licensed gun owners from storing guns in their vehicle in parking lots House Bill 2363: allows certain foster homes to store guns in locked locations. Who Can Get a License to Carry in Texas? A license to carry gives you additional rights, such as the ability to carry in a secured area like an airport, on a college campus, at a government meeting... > If successful, a motion to suppress evidence in Texas is often a game-changer for the defendant. Find out why in this article and video. - Published: 2023-09-14 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/motion-to-suppress-evidence-in-texas/ A motion to suppress evidence in Texas is a legal challenge brought by a defendant in a criminal case, asking the court to prevent prosecutors from introducing certain evidence against them at trial. If the motion is granted, it is often a game-changer for the defense because the evidence is thrown out (i. e. suppressed). In this article, Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese explains how a motion to suppress evidence in Texas works, common scenarios when it might be filed, and the impact it can have on the outcome of a criminal case. First, please watch this informative video: https://youtu. be/c4vgeJHZGd8 Motion to Suppress Evidence in Texas: Texas Code of Criminal Procedure 38. 23 A motion to suppress evidence in Texas is a formal legal request made by a defendant or their attorney. This request seeks to prohibit certain evidence from being presented in court, on the grounds that it was obtained illegally or in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights. Article 38. 23 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states that "no evidence obtained by an officer or another person in violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the State of Texas, or of the Constitution or laws of the United States of America, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on the trial of any criminal case. " A motion to suppress is usually based on the grounds that: 1) the police obtained the evidence unlawfully or unconstitutionally; 2) there was an improper or illegal search, seizure, arrest, or interrogation; 3) the evidence was obtained in violation of a defendant's right to remain silent; 4) the evidence was obtained in violation of the defendant's Fourth Amendment rights; or 5) any other type of legal error associated with obtaining the evidence. To prevail on a motion to suppress evidence in Texas, the defendant must prove there is a substantial likelihood that the evidence was obtained in a manner that is not allowed by either Texas law or the United States Constitution. If successful in proving this, then the court will grant the motion and suppress (exclude) any evidence that was obtained as part of an unlawful search or seizure. Any further use of such evidence for trial purposes would be considered illegal and unconstitutional. The Legal Standard for a Motion to Suppress in Texas While the concept is straightforward—keep illegally obtained evidence out of court—Texas law applies a specific framework that governs how a motion to suppress is decided at trial and reviewed on appeal. Understanding this framework helps explain why some motions succeed and others fail. The Exclusionary Rule: Article 38. 23 The substantive rule comes directly from Article 38. 23(a) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure: no evidence obtained in violation of the Texas or U. S. Constitutions, or the laws of Texas or the United States, may be admitted against the accused in a criminal case. Texas’s exclusionary rule is actually broader than its federal counterpart because it... > If Texas CPS takes your child, it means they suspect abuse or neglect. Learn more about CPS investigations and what happens after CPS removes a child. - Published: 2023-09-11 - Modified: 2023-09-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-cps/ The Role of Child Protective Services in Texas Child Protective Services (CPS), a division of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS), is a government agency tasked with ensuring the safety and welfare of children. When Texas CPS removes a child from their home, it is a drastic step that means they suspect abuse or neglect and that the child may be in danger. This can be a frightening and overwhelming experience for the child and the parent, and it's important to understand the process and your rights as a parent. In this article, our Fort Worth family law attorneys explain CPS investigations, the CPS removal process, and what happens after removal. Texas CPS Investigations Child Protective Services (CPS) investigations in Texas typically begin when someone reports a concern about the welfare of a child. Here is an outline of the process: Reporting Any person who suspects that a child is being abused or neglected can report their concerns to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. This can be done via a phone call, online, or in some instances, in person. Texas law mandates that professionals such as teachers, doctors, and police officers, who have regular contact with children, must report suspected abuse or neglect within 48 hours. However, anyone can make a report if they suspect abuse or neglect. By law, the person who makes the report must remain anonymous. Screening Once a report is received, CPS determines whether the reported information meets the legal definition of abuse or neglect and whether it falls within their jurisdiction. If the case is accepted, it is classified based on its severity and urgency. Investigation If the case is accepted for investigation, a CPS caseworker is assigned to the case. They are responsible for gathering more information about the reported abuse or neglect. This often includes visiting the child's home, interviewing the child, the parents or caregivers, and other people who might have relevant information (like neighbors, teachers, or relatives). The caseworker may also review related documents, like medical records or school reports. Assessment and Plan If the investigation determines that the child was abused or neglected, the caseworker develops a plan to ensure the child's safety. This could involve providing services to the family, or in more severe cases, removing the child from the home. Legal Proceedings If a child is removed from their home, a court hearing must be held within 14 days. At this hearing, a judge reviews the evidence and decides whether the child should remain in CPS custody or be returned home. Every report of suspected child abuse or neglect is taken seriously by CPS in Texas. They work in the best interests of the child, aiming to ensure their safety and well-being while striving to keep families together whenever it is safe and possible to do so. Types of CPS Removal in Texas In Texas, Child Protective Services (CPS) can remove a child from a home if they believe the child's immediate... > Divorce trials are not very common, but they can be nerve-wracking if you aren't prepared. Here's what to expect when a divorce goes to trial in Texas. - Published: 2023-09-09 - Modified: 2023-09-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/when-a-divorce-goes-to-trial/ Many people think divorces in Texas end in big courtroom drama. But in reality, most cases get settled, often through mediation, before they ever reach trial. It's more often about finding common ground than fighting it out in court. Having said that, a small percentage of divorces can and do go to trial in North Texas. In this article, we explain what to expect if your divorce goes to trial in Texas. We'll discuss the two types of trials, the process, and how long it usually takes for a decision to be reached. By understanding what's involved in a Texas divorce trial, you can better prepare yourself if you decide to go down this path. Types of Trials in Texas Divorce Cases In Texas, there are two types of divorce trials: a trial before a jury and a trial before a judge (referred to as a bench trial). Most divorce trials in Texas are heard by a judge, rather than a jury. This is because juries in divorce cases are limited in what issues they can decide. Here's an overview of a bench trial and jury trial in Texas family court cases: Jury Trial This type of trial involves a jury of peers who listen to the evidence and make certain decisions about the case. In a Texas divorce, a jury can decide issues such as: Child Custody: The jury can decide which parent should have the primary physical custody of the child or children and the right to designate the child's primary residence. Grounds for Divorce: If one spouse alleges fault-based grounds for divorce (e. g. , cruelty, adultery), the jury can determine if those grounds are valid. Characterization of Property: The jury can decide whether certain property is community property (owned jointly by both spouses) or separate property (owned solely by one spouse). As mentioned, a jury cannot decide on many issues, such as child support, spousal support, and division of property. These will be left for a judge to decide. Bench Trial In a bench trial, a judge hears the case and makes all the decisions. There's no jury involved. The parties present their evidence and arguments directly to the judge, who then issues a ruling based on the law and the facts presented. In a bench trial, the judge decides issues such as: Child Support: Determining the amount and terms of child support is a decision for the judge. Visitation: The specific terms of visitation or possession of and access to the child are decided by the judge. Division of Property: While the jury can characterize property as community or separate, the judge ultimately decides how the community property is divided between the spouses. Spousal Support (Alimony): Decisions about whether a spouse will receive maintenance, how much, and for how long are left to the judge. Protective Orders and Injunctions: If there are issues of family violence or other concerns that require protective orders or injunctions, the judge will make those determinations. Any Other Matters Not... > Determining fault in a car accident is a critical part of the legal process. Learn about comparative modified liability in Texas. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2025-12-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/determining-fault-in-a-car-accident/ How Is Fault Determined in a Texas Car Accident? In Texas, fault in a car accident is determined by identifying which driver failed to use reasonable care. Texas follows a modified comparative negligence rule under Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code § 33. 001, meaning each driver can be assigned a percentage of fault. If you're 50% or less at fault, you can recover damages reduced by your percentage of responsibility. If you're 51% or more at fault, you recover nothing. Insurance adjusters, police officers, and ultimately courts look at evidence like police reports, witness statements, photos, and traffic violations to assign fault percentages. Understanding this process matters because it directly affects how much compensation you can receive. What Is Comparative Negligence in Texas? Texas uses a "proportionate responsibility" system, commonly called modified comparative negligence. Under Chapter 33 of the Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code, fault is divided among everyone involved in an accident based on their contribution to the crash. Here's how it works: If you're found 20% at fault and your damages total $100,000, you'd receive $80,000 (your damages minus your share of fault). But Texas has a critical cutoff. If you're 51% or more responsible, you're barred from recovering any compensation. This is sometimes called the "51% bar rule. " This system differs from states that follow "pure" comparative negligence, where you can recover something even if you're 99% at fault. It also differs from "contributory negligence" states, where any fault on your part bars recovery entirely. Texas strikes a middle ground, but that 51% threshold makes proving the other driver was primarily at fault essential to your case. What Evidence Is Used to Determine Fault? Several types of evidence help establish who caused an accident. The more documentation you have, the stronger your case. Police reports carry significant weight because officers arrive at the scene, interview witnesses, observe damage patterns, and sometimes issue citations. You can obtain your Texas crash report online through the Texas Department of Transportation. While police reports aren't definitive proof of fault, insurance companies and courts consider them carefully. Photos and videos from the scene document vehicle positions, damage, road conditions, traffic signals, and skid marks. Dashcam footage or nearby security cameras can be particularly valuable. Take photos immediately if you're able to do so safely. Witness statements from people who saw the collision provide independent accounts of what happened. Get contact information from anyone who stopped to help or observed the crash. Traffic violations such as running a red light, speeding, or failing to yield create strong evidence of negligence. A citation doesn't automatically prove fault in a civil case, but it's persuasive evidence. Expert analysis becomes important in disputed cases. Accident reconstruction specialists use physics, engineering, and evidence from the scene to determine how a collision occurred. Medical experts can connect injuries to the crash mechanics. What Are the Most Common Types of Driver Negligence? Negligence means failing to act with the care a reasonable person would use. In... > If you've wondered "do you need an attorney for a truck accident case" we answer the question definitively. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/do-you-need-an-attorney-for-a-truck-accident-case/ Having represented clients who have been hurt in truck accident cases, and those who experienced the loss of a family member, I have seen first-hand the answer to the common question, “Do you need an attorney for a truck accident case? ” It’s a fair question and one that deserves a thorough answer. Quick answer: Absolutely, these cases can be daunting, and having someone knowledgeable by your side can make a significant difference. In this article, I’ll discuss why having legal representation in these situations is essential. Achieving a Fair Settlement: More Than Just Compensation Our seasoned attorneys understand what a just resolution entails. With a proven track record in the courtroom, we’re prepared to take your case to trial if necessary. Trucking companies and their insurers often aim to reduce claims, but our fight extends beyond mere compensation. We advocate for systemic changes to ensure safer roads for all. Understanding the Intricacies: Why Truck Accidents Are Different The aftermath of a truck accident can be overwhelming due to the intricate legal challenges and potential for severe injuries. With our expertise, we guide you through these complexities, ensuring your rights remain at the forefront. Unraveling the Web: Identifying Responsible Parties Multiple entities, from the driver to the trucking company, maintenance teams, and even manufacturers, can play a role in a truck accident. Our role is to meticulously investigate, amass evidence, and pinpoint liability, tasks that demand seasoned legal acumen. Navigating Insurance Hurdles: Advocating for Your Rights Insurance companies often aim to curtail their payouts or outright reject claims. With an attorney by your side, you’re equipped to negotiate effectively, ensuring you’re adequately compensated for injuries, medical bills, lost income, and other consequential damages. Why Courtroom Representation Matters Sometimes, negotiations might not yield a satisfactory outcome. In such instances, our attorneys are primed to represent you in court, leveraging their deep understanding of legal protocols, persuasive argumentation skills, and the ability to present compelling evidence in your favor. When to Engage a Truck Accident Attorney Delving deeper into the intricacies of truck accident cases, it becomes evident that the expertise of an attorney is invaluable. Let’s explore the reasons why. The Multifaceted Nature of Truck Accidents Truck accidents are not just collisions; they encompass a myriad of complexities, from the involvement of several parties to the maze of regulations and the potential for grave damages. Diverse Stakeholders: From the truck driver to the trucking company, vehicle manufacturers, and sometimes even governmental bodies, the web of involved parties can be vast. Each might attempt to deflect responsibility, making the task of pinpointing liability intricate. Navigating Regulatory Waters: The trucking sector is bound by a plethora of federal and state regulations. A seasoned truck accident attorney can adeptly discern if any regulations were breached, which can be pivotal for the case. Assessing the Aftermath: The repercussions of truck accidents can be dire, leading to grievous injuries and substantial property damage. An attorney’s role extends to meticulously calculating the comprehensive damages, factoring in medical... > Texas is known for it's crazy weather, which is why it's important to be prepared for anything. Here's some tips for driving in bad weather in the Lone Star State. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2026-04-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/driving-in-bad-weather/ Texas weather can shift from sunny to freezing in hours, making hazardous driving conditions a year-round reality. According to the Texas Department of Insurance, 10 percent of all motor vehicle crashes in Texas are caused by poor weather. With a crash occurring roughly every 56 seconds statewide, knowing how to handle rain, ice, fog, and extreme heat isn't just helpful. It can save your life. Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Team has represented hundreds of Texans injured in weather-related accidents across Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. While we're always ready to fight for maximum compensation when things go wrong, we'd rather help you avoid a crash altogether. Here's what you need to know about driving safely in every type of Texas weather. What Are the Best Practices for Driving in Rain? Rain is the most common weather hazard Texas drivers face. Wet roads reduce traction and increase stopping distances. The first 10 minutes of rain are often the most dangerous, as oil residue on the road mixes with water to create slick conditions. Slow down and increase your following distance. Turn on your headlights, even during daylight, to improve visibility. Use your windshield wipers and defroster to maintain a clear view. Never use cruise control in rain. You need full control of your speed to react to changing conditions. Stay in the middle lane when possible, as water tends to pool in outer lanes near road shoulders. If you start to hydroplane, ease off the gas pedal gradually. Don't brake suddenly. Steer straight until your tires regain contact with the road. Never drive through flooded roads. Just six inches of moving water can knock a person down, and twelve inches can sweep away a vehicle. If you can't see the road surface through standing water, turn around and find another route. Drowning is the leading cause of flash flood deaths in Texas. What Do You Do If Caught Driving in a Hailstorm? Hail can damage your vehicle and injure you if it breaks through windows. When hail starts falling, find shelter immediately. Gas stations, parking garages, and covered areas offer protection. Don't stop under bridges or overpasses. This creates traffic hazards and offers less protection than you might think. If no shelter is available, pull over safely, turn on your hazard lights, and stay inside your vehicle with your seatbelt fastened. Turn away from windows and cover yourself with a blanket or coat to protect against broken glass. Keep your back to windows if possible. Once the storm passes, inspect your vehicle for damage and take photos for your insurance claim. If you must continue driving during hail, slow down significantly, increase following distance, and use hazard lights so other drivers can see you. Make gentle steering and braking movements to maintain control on potentially slick roads. Can You Outrun a Tornado While Driving? No. Never try to outrun a tornado. Tornadoes can change direction unpredictably and travel faster than highway speeds. They can also lift vehicles off the ground.... > The Good Samaritan Law in Texas provides legal protection to people who voluntarily help someone who is injured or in danger. Learn more. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-09-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/good-samaritan-law/ The Good Samaritan Law in Texas provides legal protection to people who voluntarily help someone who is injured or in danger. The intention behind this law is to encourage people to help others in emergency situations without the fear of legal repercussions (being sued), should their efforts unintentionally cause harm. Specifically, the Texas Good Samaritan Law states that a person who in good faith administers emergency care is not liable for civil damages for an act performed during the emergency. This includes providing assistance at the scene of an emergency, such as a traffic accident, choking incident, or drowning scare. https://youtu. be/e_mhKr1G-e0 However, it's important to understand that this protection does not apply universally. For example, the law does not protect individuals if they expect to be remunerated (paid) for their assistance, or if they fall into another exception outlined in the statute. In this article, our experienced Texas personal injury attorneys explain the Good Samaritan Law in general, as well as the specific Good Samaritan Law in Texas and exceptions to the general rule. We also offer examples of good samaritan acts and how people who act in good faith can avoid financial liability for any harm done. Quick Summary The Good Samaritan Law encourages assistance in emergencies, providing legal protection to individuals, medical professionals, and organizations. It covers medical assistance and emergency situations, protecting individuals from negligence and liability in their efforts to help others. However, limitations exist, such as cases of gross negligence, reckless misconduct, and providing care beyond one's level of training. Variations in the Good Samaritan Law exist across jurisdictions, including state-specific laws and variations in immunity and liability protection. In Texas, the exemptions from the Good Samaritan law are: Emergency personnel working in the scope of their employment Individuals assisting for payment or expected payment A person who regularly provides medical care such as ER workers, and hospital workers Treating or admitting physicians Individuals who are grossly negligent. What is the Good Samaritan Law in General? The Good Samaritan Law, broadly speaking, offers legal protection to people who voluntarily provide assistance to those who are injured, ill, in danger, or otherwise incapacitated. The main purpose of these laws is to encourage bystanders to assist others in emergency situations without fear of being sued for unintentional injury or wrongful death. Key points about Good Samaritan Laws in general: Intent: These laws are designed to protect well-meaning individuals who are trying to help, not those who may cause harm due to gross negligence or malicious intent. Good Samaritan Law offers protection from legal liability to individuals who provide aid in emergency situations. This means that if someone attempts to help in good faith, they cannot be held legally responsible for any harm that may occur as a result of their actions. Medical Professionals: In some jurisdictions, Good Samaritan Laws may have specific provisions regarding off-duty medical professionals. While they might be held to a higher standard given their training, they often still receive protection when providing... > If you have been injured in an accident, don't try and handle your personal injury claim alone. Maximize your settlement with a personal injury lawyer. Call 817-203-2220. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-09-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-your-settlement/ Injured in an accident and thinking about pursuing personal injury compensation on your own? That's probably the biggest mistake you could make. The insurance company is going to delay, defend, and deny your claims and then give you a lowball offer that won't even come close to covering your medical bills, let alone your pain and suffering. Without the right legal representation, you could be left footing the bill for an accident that wasn't your fault. At Varghese Summersett, we've stood up to countless insurance companies, ensuring our clients receive the compensation they deserve. In this article, we explain how you can maximize your settlement with an experienced personal injury lawyer and why partnering with a seasoned professional can be a game-changer for your case. https://youtu. be/WNIMv64dEz0 Quick Summary: How a Personal Injury Lawyer Can Help Knowing how a personal injury case is proven is crucial in maximizing your settlement money. Maximize Your Settlement: Hiring a personal injury lawyer can help gather evidence, calculate the value of your claim, negotiate with insurance companies, and prepare for trial if necessary, ensuring you receive the maximum settlement. Find the Best Personal Injury Lawyer for Your Case: Researching and evaluating potential lawyers, as well as understanding their fee structures, is important in finding a qualified personal injury lawyer who can assist you in maximizing your settlement. Understanding Personal Injury Claims Understanding Personal Injury Cases If you have been injured or a loved one killed due to another person's negligence, you may be entitled to compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. Personal injury law in Texas, like in other states, is primarily governed by a combination of case law and statutes. That's why it's so important to work with an experienced personal injury lawyer for the best chance at maximizing your settlement. Here are some key points to understand about personal injury cases: Legal Basis: In Texas, personal injury claims are based on the concept of negligence. To successfully pursue a claim and secure compensation, the injured party must prove that the other failed to fulfill their duty of care, resulting in injury. For instance, if a store owner failed to clean up a spill and you slipped and fell and broke your hip, the owner's negligence could be the legal basis for your claim. Types of Personal Injury Cases: Personal injury in Texas encompasses various incidents, from car accidents, slip and falls, and medical malpractice, to product liability, premise liability, and dog bites, among others. It's important to understand that each case is unique and requires specific evidence to support the claim. Burden of Proof: In a personal injury case, the burden of proof lies with the injured party. They must provide evidence showing that the defendant's negligence or misconduct caused their injuries. This is usually proven by the "preponderance of the evidence" – meaning it's more likely than not that the defendant's negligence led to the injury. Duty to Mitigate: In Texas, injured parties have a duty... > Injured in an accident due to another person's negligence? Here's 5 effective ways to strengthen your personal injury case. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-09-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/strengthen-your-personal-injury-case/ Personal injury cases can be complex and challenging, but there are steps you can take to strengthen your personal injury case and increase your chances of receiving fair and just compensation. By following these five key strategies, you can build a strong foundation for a successful personal injury claim. 1. Gather Strong Evidence Strong evidence is crucial in any personal injury case. Document the incident by taking photographs, videos, or notes of the accident scene, injuries, and any hazardous conditions. Collect witness statements from individuals who saw the incident, and preserve any physical evidence that could support your claim. 2. Seek Prompt Medical Treatment Seeking medical treatment promptly after an injury is not only crucial for your well-being but also for your case. Visit a healthcare professional to assess your injuries and provide necessary treatment. Be sure to follow through with any recommended treatment plans, attend follow-up appointments, and keep records of all medical procedures and expenses. 3. Keep a Detailed Record of Damages To strengthen your case, meticulously document all damages resulting from the incident. This includes documenting medical expenses, such as hospital bills, prescription costs, and rehabilitation fees. Track any lost wages due to time off work, as well as potential future income loss. Document any property damage resulting from the incident and record the physical and emotional pain and suffering you have endured. 4. Be Wary of Insurance Companies: Insurance companies often try to minimize their liability and offer low settlements early on in the claims process. To protect your rights, be cautious when dealing with insurance companies. Avoid providing recorded statements without legal advice, and be wary of early settlement offers. In fact, it's best to consult with your attorney before engaging in any discussions with insurance representatives. 5. Hire an Experienced Personal Injury Attorney ASAP To navigate the complexities of a personal injury case, it's imperative to hire an experienced personal injury attorney as quickly as possible. They will help you understand your legal rights, assess the strengths and weaknesses of your case, and guide you through the entire legal process so you can focus on recovery. Having legal representation can significantly increase your chances of a successful outcome. By following these steps, you can strengthen your personal injury case and position yourself for the most favorable outcome possible. In this article, our legal team will elaborate on each of these tips in detail, but first, please watch this video by our experienced injury paralegal Shantae Haymer. https://youtu. be/tjgxq_wo_wY Quick Summary: Gather evidence: Document the incident, collect witness statements, and preserve physical evidence to strengthen your personal injury case. Seek prompt medical treatment: Visit a healthcare professional and follow through with treatment to establish a link between your injuries and the accident. Keep a detailed record of damages: Document medical expenses, track lost wages and future income loss, record property damage, and document pain and suffering to strengthen your case. Be wary of insurance companies: Don't provide recorded statements and be wary of early settlement... > If you lost a loved one due to someone else's negligence, you may be able to pursue legal action for compensation and justice. Learn about wrongful death claims. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-09-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/wrongful-death-claims/ Wrongful death is a term used to describe a situation where an individual dies as a result of someone else's wrongful actions, negligence, or misconduct. It is a legal concept that allows the surviving family members or beneficiaries to seek compensation for their loss. Wrongful death can arise from various situations, including motor vehicle accidents, workplace accidents, product liability cases, and medical malpractice. Each of these scenarios may involve different factors that contributed to the death and may require different approaches when pursuing legal action. Generally, immediate family members such as spouses, children, and parents have the right to file a wrongful death lawsuit. However, this can vary depending on the jurisdiction and specific circumstances. Navigating the wrongful death claim process involves considering factors such as the statute of limitations - the time limit within which a lawsuit must be filed, burden of proof - establishing negligence or wrongful conduct, and understanding the types of compensation that may be available to the surviving family members. It is also important to distinguish between wrongful death cases and criminal charges. While a wrongful death claim seeks to compensate the family for their loss, criminal charges are brought by the state to hold the responsible party criminally accountable for their actions. The outcomes of both cases are separate and distinct from each other. Given the complexity of wrongful death cases, it's imperative to seek legal help from experienced personal attorneys who specialize in this area. They can provide guidance, navigate the legal system, and advocate for the rights of the surviving family members throughout the legal process. In this article, our Texas wrongful death attorneys explain wrongful death claims and how families can seek justice and compensation after a tragic loss. https://youtu. be/keyfTbmJ5Qg Quick Summary: Wrongful death defined: Wrongful death refers to a situation where a person dies due to the negligence, recklessness, or intentional misconduct of another individual or entity. Understanding the legal definition: It is crucial to understand what constitutes wrongful death and the elements required to file a wrongful death claim legally. This ensures that justice can be sought for the victim and their loved ones. Filing a wrongful death lawsuit: In order to file a wrongful death lawsuit, certain criteria must be met, and specific individuals, such as immediate family members or dependents, are eligible to be plaintiffs in these cases Understanding the Legal Definition of Wrongful Death Understanding the legal definition of wrongful death is crucial when it comes to seeking justice and compensation for the loss of a loved one. Wrongful death refers to a situation where someone's death is caused by the negligence, misconduct, or wrongful act of another person or entity. It is important to note that wrongful death is a civil matter, not a criminal one, and the burden of proof is lower than in a criminal case. In order to establish a claim for wrongful death, certain elements must be met. First, there must be a death of a person. Second, this death... > Need to hire a personal injury lawyer, but don't know where to start? This article will guide you when and how to hire a personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-hire-a-personal-injury-lawyer/ If you or a loved one has been injured in an accident due to someone else’s negligence, it’s important to contact a personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. A personal injury lawyer can help you receive just compensation for your injuries and losses by meticulously evaluating the circumstances of your case, skillfully negotiating with insurance companies, and fighting for you in court if necessary. A personal injury lawyer will work to ensure that all aspects of your claim, including medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and any long-term care needs, are fully addressed. With their expertise, you can obtain the maximum compensation you deserve so that you can focus on your recovery and rehabilitation without the added stress of financial burden. They will handle the legal complexities and negotiations on your behalf, allowing you to concentrate on healing and getting your life back on track after the incident. So, exactly when and how do you hire a personal injury lawyer? This article will guide you through the process, explaining when it’s necessary, how to prove negligence in personal injury cases, and the key steps to finding the right lawyer for you in Texas. When You Need to Hire a Personal Injury Lawyer in Texas If you or a loved one has been injured in Texas due to the negligence of another party, you should consider hiring a personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. The quicker you act, the quicker you can secure expert legal representation to guide you through the claims process, gather crucial evidence, and build a strong case to protect your rights and interests, ensuring you receive the full compensation you’re entitled to for your injuries and losses. In Texas, negligence is a fundamental concept in all personal injury cases. It is a legal term that refers to the failure to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would have exercised in a similar situation, leading to harm or injury to another person. It serves as the basis for holding individuals or organizations legally accountable for the damages they cause. In Texas, an injury victim must prove four elements, which are listed below, to receive monetary compensation. If you think your accident meets these elements, that’s when when you know you need to pick up the phone and contact a PI attorney. Duty of Care: This is the first step in proving negligence. It requires showing that the person who caused the injury had a legal obligation to act in a certain way toward the injured person. For example, drivers have a duty to follow traffic laws and operate their vehicles safely. Breach of Duty: Once a duty of care is established, you must demonstrate that there was a breach of this duty. This means showing that the person who owed the duty of care failed to fulfill it. Continuing with the driving example, running a red light or driving recklessly would be considered a breach of the duty of care. Causation: This... > When it comes to accident claims, insurance companies try to pay as little as possible. Here's a look at common insurance company tactics to avoid paying full compensation. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-11-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/insurance-company-tactics/ When people are injured in an accident, they anticipate the insurance company to cover their losses and provide financial support for repairs, medical expenses, and other related costs without unnecessary delay or dispute. Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case, as many insurers are taught to protect their bottom line by paying out as little as they can, often engaging in tactics like disputing the claim’s validity, delaying communication, and offering low settlement amounts in the hope that claimants will settle quickly to avoid a protracted process. In this article, we discuss common unscrupulous insurance company tactics, including denial of claims, delaying claim processing, underestimating the value of claims, offering low settlement offers, and applying pressure and intimidation tactics. To avoid being taken advantage of and protect your rights as an accident victim, it is important to understand your insurance coverage, document everything related to the accident, and seek help from an experienced personal injury attorney who will advocate on your behalf, negotiate with insurance companies, and ensure that you receive the full compensation you deserve. Please take a moment to watch this video by experienced Texas personal injury attorney Ty Stimpson, who discusses the value of a personal injury case and why you should never settle for less. Why Insurance is Important in Accident Injury Claims Insurance plays a pivotal role in accident claims by providing a safety net and financial protection for individuals involved in accidents. The importance of insurance in accident claims cannot be overstated. Here are eight reasons why it is important for everyone to carry it: Financial Security: Insurance provides critical support to cover medical expenses, property damage, and other unforeseen costs that can arise from an accident, shielding individuals from the financial strain that could otherwise be devastating. Legal Compliance: In many places, carrying certain types of insurance is legally required for drivers and owners of vehicles. This legal safeguard ensures that all parties have some form of financial backup in the event of an accident, thereby upholding the law and avoiding potential fines or legal actions. Compensation for Losses: Insurance allows for the compensation of losses without the need to directly pursue the responsible party, which can be a lengthy and uncertain process. It can cover a variety of costs, from tangible losses like vehicle repairs to intangible ones like pain and suffering. Prompt Claims Settlement: The structured process that insurance companies have in place for handling accident claims can lead to a more efficient resolution and prompt financial assistance, helping victims focus on their recovery rather than on how to afford it. Peace of Mind: Knowing that you have insurance provides peace of mind that, should an accident occur, you have a plan in place to handle the financial repercussions, allowing for a less stressful recovery period. Protection Against Lawsuits: If you are at fault in an accident, your insurance can cover the costs up to your policy’s limit, protecting your personal assets from being used to pay for damages in a lawsuit.... > Texas is known for it's diverse land and diverse seasons. Here are the best safe driving tips for different seasons in Texas. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-11-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/safe-driving-tips-for-different-seasons-in-texas/ Texas is known for its diverse landscapes and weather conditions. As seasons change in Texas, so do the challenges drivers face. From spring showers to winter snowstorms, adapting your driving habits is essential for ensuring safety behind the wheel. This comprehensive guide provides top safe driving tips for different seasons, helping you stay secure and confident on the road year-round. Let’s dive right into our best safe driving tips for different seasons in Texas! Spring Driving Safety Spring in Texas is generally mild. Yet intermittent rain on otherwise dry or dirty roadways can present dangers. So too does the temperature change from the winter call for a review of tire pressure. While you’re at it, spring is a great time to check your tread depth. Spring is also the time we see the most potholes in Texas. Tackling Rainy Conditions Spring showers may bring flowers, but they also create treacherous driving conditions. Ensuring a tire tread depth of at least 6/32 inch is fundamental for safe rainy weather driving. Worn tires can compromise your vehicle’s grip on slippery roads, increasing the risk of hydroplaning. Make sure to replace worn tires and maintain the recommended tire pressure for your vehicle. Avoid using cruise control during heavy rain, as it can increase the likelihood of hydroplaning. Clear visibility is vital during a downpour, so clean your windows and ensure your windshield wipers are in optimal condition. Be prepared for sudden changes in weather and road surface conditions by maintaining a safe following distance and slowing down when necessary. Dealing with Sun Glare Sun glare can be a dangerous and often overlooked driving hazard during spring. To combat the blinding effects of glare, wear polarized sunglasses that can help reduce the intensity of the sun’s rays and improve visibility. Utilize your vehicle’s sun visors to shield direct sunlight, improving your road and vehicle visibility. For added protection, consider window tinting, which can reduce sunlight entering your car and minimize discomfort caused by sun glare while driving. Navigating Road Hazards Springtime also brings an increase in road hazards, such as potholes and construction zones. To avoid encountering potholes, stay focused on the road, maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front of you, and reduce your speed when approaching a pothole. If you can’t avoid a pothole, gently release your brakes before driving over it to minimize potential damage. Construction zones can also pose challenges during spring. Safely navigate these areas by: Heeding signs Complying with posted instructions Reducing speed Adhering to the directions of flaggers or workers Moreover, increased pedestrian activity on roads requires extra vigilance. Keep an eye out for pedestrians near crosswalks and adjust your driving habits to ensure their safety. Summer Driving Precautions As temperatures rise, summer driving precautions take center stage. Maintaining your vehicle and being aware of heat-related dangers is fundamental for a safe and pleasant driving experience. Let’s explore the essential steps to prepare your vehicle for the summer season and stay cool on the road.... > PIP Coverage and MedPay are two types of insurance that can pay for medical bills after an accident that too few people really know about or understand. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pip-coverage/ Personal Injury Protection (PIP Coverage) and Medical Payments (MedPay Coverage) in Texas Understanding the nuances of auto insurance can be a daunting task for many drivers in Texas. Among the myriad of options and coverages, Personal Injury Protection coverage (PIP) and Medical Payments (MedPay) stand out as crucial components of a well-rounded auto insurance policy. This article aims to demystify these two types of coverage, providing Texas drivers with the knowledge they need to make informed decisions about their insurance needs. In the Lone Star State, where the open road beckons and the highways stretch endlessly, the unexpected can happen at any moment. Whether you’re navigating the bustling streets of Houston, the scenic routes of the Hill Country, or the busy corridors of Dallas-Fort Worth, being prepared for any eventuality is not just a recommendation, it’s a necessity. This is where PIP and MedPay come into play, offering a safety net that can make a significant difference in the aftermath of an auto accident. PIP vs. MedPay in Texas Personal Injury Protection, commonly known as PIP, is an extension of car insurance that covers medical expenses and, in many cases, lost wages. It is designed to be used regardless of who is at fault in an accident. This aspect of PIP makes it a vital component of your insurance policy, providing a layer of financial security that goes beyond the limitations of fault-based coverage. On the other hand, Medical Payments coverage, or MedPay, is a form of car insurance that specifically covers medical expenses resulting from a car accident. While similar to PIP in some respects, MedPay has its own unique features and limitations. It’s a no-fault coverage, meaning it pays out irrespective of who caused the accident, but unlike PIP, MedPay does not cover non-medical expenses like lost wages. Feature Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Medical Payments (MedPay) Coverage Medical expenses, 80% of lost income, caregiver costs Medical expenses only Fault No-fault coverage No-fault coverage Requirement At least $2,500 must be offered by insurers, can be rejected in writing Optional coverage Deductible Usually no deductible Usually no deductible Feature Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Medical Payments (MedPay) Coverage Medical expenses, 80% of lost income, caregiver costs Medical expenses only Fault No-fault coverage No-fault coverage Requirement At least $2,500 must be offered by insurers, and can be rejected in writing Optional coverage Deductible Usually no deductible Usually no deductible In Texas, where the roads are as diverse as its people, understanding and choosing the right kind of auto insurance coverage can seem overwhelming. However, with the right information and guidance, you can navigate these choices with confidence. This article will delve deep into the world of PIP and MedPay, examining their features, differences, and the role they play in your overall insurance strategy. Whether you’re a new driver, a seasoned road veteran, or somewhere in between, this guide will provide you with the essential knowledge to understand how PIP and MedPay function in Texas, and how to determine the right level of... > Is it worth getting a lawyer for a car accident? Here are the factors you should consider. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-worth-getting-a-lawyer-for-a-car-accident/ When involved in a car accident, one of the crucial considerations is whether it’s worth seeking legal representation. Hiring a lawyer can significantly impact the outcome of your case and ensure that your rights and interests are protected. You may wonder, "Is it worth getting a lawyer for a car accident? " Here are a few instances to consider based on years of experience: Injuries: If you or your passengers are grappling with injuries that demand extensive medical care or even result in disability, don't go it alone. Seek our counsel, and we'll ensure you receive the rightful compensation you deserve. Liability Disputes: When fingers start pointing and fault becomes a battleground, we become your strategic ally. We're adept at untangling the legal intricacies and piecing together evidence to establish who should be held accountable. Complex Legal Procedures: The legal landscape post-accident can feel like a labyrinth, but fear not—we are your expert navigators. We'll demystify the process, ensuring every T is crossed and every I dotted to safeguard your rights. Insurance Company Denials: Denied claims or undervalued damages? It's a frustrating reality for many. But with us by your side, you gain staunch advocates who won't let your rights be trampled. We'll stand toe-to-toe with insurance companies, fighting for the fair compensation you're entitled to. When selecting a car accident lawyer, consider their experience, expertise, reputation, and track record. Effective communication skills and a clear fee structure are also crucial factors to evaluate. The costs and fees associated with hiring a car accident lawyer usually vary, with common payment structures being contingency fees, hourly fees, or flat fees. Understanding the fee arrangement is essential to make an informed decision. Ultimately, the decision to hire a lawyer for a car accident depends on the specific circumstances of your case. Consulting with a legal professional can help you determine the best course of action and ensure that your rights are protected throughout the process. When Should You Consider Hiring a Lawyer for a Car Accident? When it comes to car accidents, knowing when to hire a lawyer can make all the difference. In this section, we’ll dive into the factors that may signal the need for legal representation. From the severity of injuries to liability disputes, complex legal procedures, and insurance company denials, we’ll explore the situations where seeking the expertise of a lawyer becomes crucial. Unravel the complexities and discover why having a legal advocate by your side is more than just a wise choice—it could be the key to securing the compensation you deserve. Injuries Here are some points to keep in mind: Extent of Injuries: The severity of your injuries plays a pivotal role in determining whether legal representation is necessary. While minor bruises or scratches might be manageable on your own, more severe injuries like broken bones or permanent disability demand the expertise of a car accident lawyer to ensure you're rightfully compensated. Medical Expenses: The financial burden of medical treatment can escalate rapidly, especially for serious... > Learn about Negligence In Wrongful Death cases and why that matters in claims and cases brought for wrongful death. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-11-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/negligence-in-wrongful-death-cases/ Establishing Negligence in a Wrongful Death Claim Wrongful death cases are legal claims that arise when a person’s death occurs due to the negligent, reckless, or intentional actions of another individual or entity. Understanding the elements required to prove negligence in wrongful death claims is crucial. The key elements to establish negligence in wrongful death cases are as follows: Duty of Care The responsible party must owe a legal duty of care towards the deceased person. This duty varies depending on the relationship between the parties, such as a doctor and patient or driver and pedestrian. Breach of Duty It must be demonstrated that the responsible party breached their duty of care. This involves showing that they acted in a way that deviated from the standard of care expected in similar circumstances. To establish negligence and prove a breach of duty, it is necessary to consider several factors: Standard of care It is essential to establish the standard of care that was owed to the victim. This refers to the level of caution and prudence that a reasonable person would exercise in similar circumstances. Negligent action It must be demonstrated that the defendant’s actions or lack thereof fell short of the expected standard of care. This could involve acts of negligence, such as reckless driving, medical malpractice, or failure to maintain a safe environment. Foreseeability The breach of duty must have been reasonably foreseeable, meaning that a reasonable person could have anticipated the potential harm or injury resulting from the defendant’s actions or inaction. Causation There must be a direct link between the responsible party’s breach of duty and the death of the individual. It needs to be established that their actions or negligence directly caused or significantly contributed to the fatal outcome. To prove causation, it must be demonstrated that the defendant’s negligence directly led to the death. Establishing a Link In order to establish causation, it is necessary to show that the defendant’s actions or omissions were a direct cause of the victim’s death. This can be done by presenting evidence that demonstrates how the defendant’s negligence directly led to the fatal incident. But-for Test One commonly used test to establish causation is the “but-for” test. This test asks whether the victim’s death would have occurred “but for” the defendant’s negligence. If it can be shown that the death would not have occurred without the defendant’s actions, causation can be proven. Proximate Cause Another aspect of causation is proximate cause, which considers whether the defendant’s actions were a foreseeable consequence of their negligence. If the defendant’s actions were reasonably foreseeable to result in harm or death, then causation can be established. Eliminating Other Causes It is important to eliminate other potential causes of death to establish that the defendant’s actions were the sole cause. This can be done by presenting evidence that rules out other possible causes and demonstrates that it was the defendant’s negligence that directly caused the death. Damages Lastly, it must be proven that the... > The length of a personal injury case in Texas - or anywhere - can vary widely based on a number of variables. Find out what can make a case settle fast or prolong it. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/length-of-a-personal-injury-case/ Personal injury claims are legal actions that allow an individual to seek monetary compensation for damages resulting from an accident caused by another party’s negligence or wrongdoing. The length of a personal injury case in Texas can vary depending on numerous factors. In some cases, a personal injury case may settle in a few months if it’s relatively straightforward and both parties are eager to resolve it. However, if a lawsuit is filed and a case goes to trial, it may take several years to reach a conclusion. According to studies conducted by the National Center for State Courts and the U. S. Department of Justice, most personal injury cases are resolved within 1 to 3 years. In this article, the experienced personal injury attorneys at Varghese Summersett's Personal Injury Division explain the factors that can affect the length of a personal injury case, including the complexity of the accident, the severity of the injuries, liability issues, uncooperative insurance companies, settlement discussions, if multiple vehicles were involved, and if the case goes to trial. Each case is unique, and the time taken can vary accordingly. We also provide tips to help expedite the personal injury claims process. https://youtu. be/qIcuFCk786g Quick takeaways: The duration of a personal injury claim can vary based on several factors such as the complexity of the case, severity of the injury, liability and legal issues, and negotiations for settlement. The stages of a personal injury claim involve: consultation with an attorney, investigation and gathering evidence, filing a complaint and legal process, discovery and pre-trial proceedings, mediation or settlement negotiations, trial process, and the resolution and closing of the claim. Factors that may cause delays in the personal injury claim process include lack of cooperation from insurance companies, disputes over liability, the need for extensive medical treatment and recovery, and the involvement of multiple defendants or complex legal issues. To expedite the personal injury claim process, it is important to seek immediate medical attention, document and preserve evidence, consult with an experienced personal injury attorney, communicate clearly and promptly with your attorney, and consider alternate dispute resolution methods. Understanding the timelines of personal injury claims can help individuals navigate the process more effectively and achieve timely resolutions. Factors Affecting the Length of a Personal Injury Case When it comes to personal injury claims, the duration of the process can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the complexity of the accident, severity and extent of the injuries, liability and legal issues, and negotiations and settlement. If you have been injured and are facing financial hardship, you are obviously hoping to reach a resolution sooner rather than later. Here’s a look at what can slow down the process. Complexity of the Accident The complexity of an accident significantly influences the length of a personal injury case, potentially making the resolution more prolonged and intricate. Here’s how: Multiple Parties Involved Cases involving multiple parties typically require extensive investigation to determine liability. Each party’s role and contribution to the... > If you've been injured in car accident, you may be wondering how your medical bills paid after a car accident. In this post we answer that. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/personal-injury/medical-bills/ Car accidents can be traumatic, and dealing with medical bills afterward can be a daunting experience. The financial burden can be overwhelming, especially if you’re uncertain how medical bills are paid after an accident and who is responsible for covering the costs. You might try to go to your doctor and find yourself being turned away. Fortunately, understanding the different types of insurance coverage, the distinctions between at-fault and no-fault states can provide you with a clearer path to financial recovery. Beyond that, we can help you navigate through any injury case in Texas where someone else was at fault. Just give us a call at (817) 207-4878. This guide will shed light on the process of paying medical bills after an accident and empower you to make informed decisions. Understanding Insurance Coverage After a Car Accident Insurance coverage plays a key role in settling medical bills after a car accident. Each injured individual is responsible for their own medical bills, regardless of who is at fault for the accident. Grasping the differences between Personal Injury Protection (PIP), Medical Payment Insurance (Med Pay), and insurance is vital for navigating this process. These three types of coverage can provide a financial safety net, ensuring that you receive the medical treatment you need. Different states have different regulations governing the process of covering medical bills after a car accident. In at-fault states, the responsible party compensates the victim for any losses, including medical bills. In contrast, no-fault states require drivers to rely on their own auto insurance to cover medical expenses, regardless of who caused the accident. Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Personal Injury Protection (PIP) insurance provides coverage for a predetermined sum of medical expenses and lost wages in the event of an automobile accident. PIP insurance usually covers medical expenses incurred by the injured party, regardless of who was responsible for the accident. In the event of minor injuries from an auto accident, PIP insurance may be sufficient to cover all associated medical expenses. However, medical bills can accumulate quickly, surpassing the minimum PIP coverage, even for minor injuries, potentially leading to a personal injury claim. Medical Payment Insurance (Med Pay) Medical Payment Insurance (Med Pay) is another type of coverage that compensates for medical bills up to the limit of the auto insurance policy. Med Pay covers medical expenses resulting from car accidents, regardless of fault, and typically does not have a deductible. This type of insurance can be particularly helpful for those with high deductible health insurance plans or co-payments, especially when dealing with a health insurance co. In the absence of Med Pay coverage, the victim would be responsible for covering medical bills from their own resources. Med Pay can offer a much-needed financial safety net, allowing you to concentrate on recovery rather than fretting over escalating medical bills. Paying your medical bills becomes less of a burden with the help of Med Pay. Insurance While doctors and health insurance companies in Texas routinely reject the treatment of... > Do you know the most dangerous highways in Dallas? This articles cover them so you know where to take extra precautions. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2024-01-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/most-dangerous-highways-in-dallas/ Dallas, Texas is a bustling city with a vast network of highways. We have an impressive infrastructure of roads and highways. While these highways form the backbone of some of the fastest-growing communities in the country, they are not without their dangers. You cannot get through rush hour traffic on any of our major highways without seeing a wreck. So what are the most dangerous highways in Dallas? Here’s a summary from our Dallas car accident lawyer: Most Dangerous Highways in Dallas LBJ Freeway (I-635): Encircles Dallas with heavy traffic flow, high speeds, and frequent lane changes, especially where it intersects with I-35E. Woodall Rodgers Freeway (from Stemmons to Central Expressway, Dallas County): Known for its high crash rate, this freeway is particularly dangerous due to its heavy traffic and complex interchanges in a densely populated area. I-30 (from I-35W west to Loop 820, Tarrant County): This section is notorious for heavy congestion and a mix of high-speed and slow-moving vehicles, making it prone to accidents. State Highway 360 (from I-30 to I-20, Tarrant County): High traffic volume and frequent lane changes contribute to its dangerous nature. I-35W (from Loop 820 to I-30, Tarrant County): Known for its heavy traffic flow and complex interchanges, especially near downtown Dallas. I-45 (from I-30 to Lamar, Dallas County): This highway experiences a high number of accidents due to factors like tailgating, reckless driving, and impaired driving. East Loop 820 (from I-30 to I-20, Tarrant County): Its high crash rate is attributed to heavy traffic and complex road designs. Central Expressway (from LBJ Freeway to I-30, Dallas County): The high volume of traffic and complex interchanges contribute to its dangerous conditions. I-35E: A major north-south highway with high traffic volume and complex interchanges, particularly prone to collisions due to distracted driving and speeding. LBJ Freeway (from I-35E to Dallas North Tollway, Dallas County): This section is known for its high crash rate due to heavy traffic and complex road designs. Among the highways in Dallas, certain routes have gained a reputation for being particularly dangerous. Interstate 635 (LBJ Freeway) is notorious for its high accident rates, primarily due to heavy traffic and complex interchanges. Interstate 30, which runs through the heart of Dallas, also experiences a high number of accidents, often caused by speeding and reckless driving. Interstate 35E, Loop 12 (Walton Walker Boulevard), and President George Bush Turnpike are other highways known for their potential dangers. Factors Contributing to Highway Danger When it comes to the most dangerous highways in Dallas, TX, several factors contribute to the elevated risk on the roads. From the relentless traffic congestion to the hazardous conditions caused by poor road maintenance, and even the unpredictable weather conditions that can quickly turn a peaceful drive into a treacherous journey. In this section, we will delve into the various elements that make these highways perilous, shedding light on the challenges faced by drivers in Dallas, TX. So fasten your seatbelts and join us on this eye-opening exploration of highway danger.... > ATV accidents are on the rise in Texas. Here are some of the most common ATV injuries and what you should do if you or a loved one is injured. - Published: 2023-09-08 - Modified: 2023-11-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/atv-injuries/ ATV accidents in Texas have become an increasing concern, with the state witnessing a growing number of injuries and fatalities related to these off-road vehicles. With the thrill of adventure comes the responsibility to prioritize safety and understand the legal processes that come into play when accidents occur. In this blog post, we will discuss common ATV injuries, the steps to take after an accident, the importance of hiring an ATV accident lawyer in Texas, and the various safety measures that can help prevent such accidents. By being informed about the potential dangers of ATV riding and the legal processes surrounding ATV accidents in Texas, you can better protect yourself and your loved ones while enjoying the excitement of off-road adventures. So let’s dive into the world of ATV accidents, understand the risks, and learn how to navigate the legal landscape if an unfortunate event occurs. Key Takeaways ATV accidents in Texas can cause severe, long-term injuries. Victims of ATV accidents should seek medical attention and legal guidance to ensure successful navigation of the legal process and pursuit of justice. Safety precautions such as wearing helmets, using protective gear, following age restrictions & capacity limits are essential for reducing risk & ensuring fair compensation. Common ATV Injuries ATV accidents in Texas can result in a variety of injuries, with some of the most common being: Traumatic brain injuries Spinal injuries Fractures Internal injuries These injuries, often referred to as ATV-related injuries, can lead to severe, long-term consequences. Therefore, ATV riders should familiarize themselves with potential risks and implement safety measures to avoid accidents ATV injuries. 1. 1. Traumatic Brain Injuries Traumatic brain injuries, often caused by head injuries, are a serious concern in ATV accidents, as they can lead to long-term cognitive and physical impairments or even death. The risk of sustaining a traumatic brain injury can be significantly reduced by: wearing a helmet following safety guidelines, such as not riding under the influence of alcohol adhering to age restrictions receiving proper safety training 1. 2. Spinal Injuries Spinal injuries are another common consequence of ATV accidents, with the potential to cause paralysis, chronic pain, and a significant impact on the victim’s quality of life. To minimize the risk of spinal injuries, ATV riders should use adequate protective gear, avoid carrying passengers on single-rider ATVs, and adhere to local laws and safety recommendations. What to do after an ATV Accident Following an ATV accident, the primary concern should be safety, ensuring all those involved are provided with immediate medical care. After attending to immediate safety concerns, documenting the scene of the accident, capturing photographs, and gathering witness contact information is a necessary step. Such documentation can aid significantly when making an insurance claim or pursuing a lawsuit. Seeking medical attention for any injuries sustained during the accident should be followed by reporting the incident to your insurance company and consulting an experienced personal injury attorney. An experienced lawyer can assess the legitimacy of your personal injury claim and provide guidance... > Our Fort Worth personal injury attorneys explain Texas car accident policy limits and how we fight to get maximum compensation. - Published: 2023-09-05 - Modified: 2023-09-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-car-accident-policy-limits/ If you were recently injured in a car accident in Texas due to another person's negligence, you may be entitled to monetary compensation for vehicle damage, medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and more. But how much the insurance company is willing to pay out is largely dependent on their policy limits - and how hard you are willing to fight for the compensation you deserve. That's where Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group comes in. Our Fort Worth car accident attorneys won't let big insurance companies push you around. We will do everything in our power to get the at-fault driver's insurance company to "tender their policy limits" - that is, offer the maximum amount available under an insurance policy to resolve a claim. In this article, our Fort Worth personal injury attorneys explain Texas car accident policy limits, what happens if your losses exceed the insurance company's policy limits, and how our experienced legal team can help get you maximum compensation. Texas Car Accident Policy Limits In the state of Texas, as with other states, policy limits refer to the maximum amount of money that an insurance company will pay out for a specific type of claim on an auto insurance policy. This limit is pre-set when the policyholder purchases their insurance policy and will be documented in a driver's auto insurance policy. These limits can have a significant impact on car accident cases because they often determine the maximum amount of compensation that a person can receive from an insurance company following an accident. There are generally three types of Texas car accident policy limits in car insurance policies: Bodily Injury Liability per Person: This is the maximum amount insurance will pay for one person injured in an accident. The minimum required limit in Texas is $30,000. Bodily Injury Liability per Accident: This is the maximum amount insurance will pay, in total, for all people injured in a single accident. In Texas, the minimum required limit is $60,000. Property Damage Liability: This is the maximum amount insurance will pay for property damage caused in an accident. The minimum required limit in Texas is $25,000. This is for the damage to the property of another person, not your own vehicle. Again, these are just the minimum requirements. Drivers often have the option to purchase insurance with higher limits, which can provide additional protection in the event of a serious accident. If the cost of an accident exceeds the policy limits, the at-fault party could potentially be held personally liable for the excess amount. That's why many attorneys and insurance professionals advise carrying more than the minimum required insurance. It's crucial to be aware that policy limits will often set the ceiling for what you can recover from the at-fault driver's insurance. If your damages exceed their policy limits, and the at-fault driver does not have substantial personal assets, it could be challenging to recover the full amount of your losses. That's why it is important to contact a... > In Texas, a child cannot refuse visitation in Texas until they turn 18. Here's what to do if your child doesn't want to go with mom or dad. - Published: 2023-09-04 - Modified: 2023-09-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-refuse-visitation-in-texas/ When parents divorce or separate, it's not uncommon for children - especially teenagers - not to want to visit mom or dad at some point. Maybe they are upset with them, don't like the rules at their house, or have other plans. But can a child refuse visitation in Texas? The short answer to this question is, no. Children do not have the legal right to refuse visitation in Texas if it's court-ordered. It's simply not their choice. In this article, our experienced family law attorneys explain court-ordered visitation, what to do if a child refuses to see a parent, and at what age they can make their own decisions. Court-Ordered Visitation in Texas In Texas, a family court judge orders child visitation as part of a divorce, child custody proceeding, or Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship (SAPCR. ) The order lays out a possession and access schedule that both parents are supposed to follow, based on what the judge believes is in the best interests of the child. The primary goal of court-ordered visitation is to ensure that the child maintains a meaningful relationship with both parents, even if they are no longer together. In Texas, most parents follow the Standard Possession Order (SPO), which is a guide that establishes the day and times that the noncustodial parent has the right to see the child. The SPO also specifies when the noncustodial parent can take the child for an extended period, such as a summer vacation or holidays. What To Do if a Child Refuses Visitation in Texas If a child doesn't want to visit a parent, it is the responsibility of the other parent to make a genuine effort to comply with the court order. In other words, the other parent should do everything in their power to make their child go with the other parent - or else they themselves may face consequences for violating the court order. So, what are potential courses of action if a child refuses visitation in Texas? Open a Dialogue: First and foremost, both parents should attempt to understand the child's reservations. Engage in open communication to discern the root of the reluctance and try to resolve it outside of court. For example, if a teenager just has something else they would rather do on the non-custodial parent's weekend, an appropriate solution might be for the parties to agree to a different schedule. If the teenager's reluctance is rooted in something deeper, such as a strained relationship with the other parent, counseling or therapy may be necessary to help resolve the issue. Seek Mediation: If the underlying issues can't be resolved through direct communication, mediation might help. A neutral third-party mediator can assist parents in reaching a mutual understanding and possibly adjusting the visitation schedule to suit the child's needs and concerns. Modify the Court Order: Either parent can approach the court to request a modification of the existing custody or visitation order based on the child's consistent refusal and underlying reasons.... > DWI Open Container in Texas explained. Understand the charge, enhanced punishment, and defenses. - Published: 2023-09-03 - Modified: 2025-12-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/dwi-open-container-in-texas/ A DWI with an open container in Texas doubles the minimum jail time from 72 hours to six days. Under Texas Penal Code § 49. 04 and § 49. 031, if police find an open alcoholic beverage in your vehicle during a DWI arrest, you face enhanced penalties even for a first offense. Both charges remain Class B misdemeanors, but the open container triggers mandatory additional jail time that cannot be waived. What Qualifies as an "Open Container" Under Texas Law? Texas Penal Code § 49. 031 defines an open container as any bottle, can, or receptacle containing any amount of alcohol and located in the passenger area of a motor vehicle. The container must be open, have been previously opened, have a broken seal, or have contents partially removed. The passenger area includes every space designed for seating, plus any area within the driver's reach. This covers the front and back seats, center console, floor areas, and unlocked glove compartments. The law applies whether the vehicle is moving or parked on a public road. Penalties for DWI with Open Container in Texas A first-time DWI with open container carries a minimum of six days in county jail. Without the open container, first-time DWI carries only a 72-hour minimum. This distinction matters because judges cannot reduce the minimum below six days when an open container is involved. Additional penalties include fines up to $2,000, driver's license suspension for 90 days to one year, mandatory alcohol education through the Texas DWI Intervention Program, possible community service hours, and an ignition interlock device requirement. Your auto insurance rates will also increase significantly, and the conviction stays on your criminal record permanently. Charge Classification Minimum Jail Maximum Fine Standard First DWI Class B Misdemeanor 72 hours $2,000 First DWI with Open Container Class B Misdemeanor 6 days $2,000 Open Container Only (no DWI) Class C Misdemeanor None $500 Where Can You Legally Store an Open Container? Texas law permits open containers in specific locations within your vehicle. The trunk is always legal. For SUVs, hatchbacks, and vehicles without a traditional trunk, the area behind the last upright row of seats qualifies as a trunk equivalent under the statute. The living quarters of a motorhome or RV are also exempt. Passengers can possess open containers in the sleeping and living areas, though the driver's compartment must remain free of alcohol. Commercial vehicles with physical barriers between driver and passenger sections (limousines, charter buses, taxis) allow open containers in the passenger area only. A locked glove compartment may qualify as a legal storage location in some circumstances, but relying on this exception carries risk. The safer choice is always the trunk or rear cargo area. Can You Get Charged with Open Container Without a DWI? Yes. Texas Transportation Code § 49. 031 makes possessing an open container in a vehicle a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500. Police do not need to prove intoxication. Simply having an accessible open container while... > Pets are treated as property under Texas law. While this may not align with how we feel about pets, here's what you need to know about Pet Custody Agreements in Texas. - Published: 2023-09-02 - Modified: 2023-09-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pet-custody-agreements-in-texas/ Pet Custody Agreements in Texas: Navigating Texas Family Law Pets in the Eyes of Texas Law According to Texas law, pets are classified as personal property, which may come as a surprise to many pet owners who view their beloved pets as members of the family. As a result, pets are subject to the same division process as other marital assets, such as cars, furniture, and bank accounts. Understanding Texas Property Division in Divorce In the state of Texas, property division during divorce follows a system called "community property. " This means that most property acquired by either spouse during the marriage is considered community property and is subject to division between both parties. However, separate property, such as property owned before the marriage or acquired by gift or inheritance, is not subject to division. When it comes to pets, Texas courts treat them as property. Here's what you need to know about pet custody agreements in Texas. Crafting a Pet Custody Agreement Although pets are considered property under Texas law, divorcing couples can work together to create a pet custody agreement that addresses the emotional aspects and well-being of the pet. By doing so, they can avoid the courts deciding on who gets the dog or pet's ownership without taking into account the unique bond between the pet and each party. For example, couples may consider factors such as: Primary caretaker: The court may consider which spouse has primarily taken care of the dog, such as feeding, grooming, walking, and taking the dog to veterinary appointments. Living situation: The court may take into account each spouse's living arrangements and choose the environment best suited for the dog's well-being. Financial ability: The court may consider the financial ability of each spouse to provide for the dog's needs, including food, grooming, and veterinary care. Children's attachment: If there are children involved in the divorce, the court may consider the dog's attachment to the children and which parent has primary custody of the children. Unique Challenges and Solutions for Divorcing Pet Owners Mediation for Pet Custody Disputes If the divorcing couple cannot agree on a pet custody arrangement, they may consider using mediation as a way to resolve the issue. Mediation involves a neutral third party who helps facilitate negotiation and communication between the parties regarding pet custody laws, often leading to a mutually agreeable solution. Addressing Pet Custody in Prenuptial and Postnuptial Agreements To avoid disputes about pet ownership who gets the dog in a divorce in the event of a divorce, couples may opt to include pet custody provisions in prenuptial or postnuptial agreements. These agreements can outline the specific terms of pet custody and care, ensuring that the interests of the pet and the parties are protected. Considerations for Pet Custody in Texas Divorces Best Interest of the Pet Although Texas law does not specifically address the best interest of family dog or the pet, couples are encouraged to prioritize the pet's well-being when creating a pet custody agreement.... > For some DWI offenses in Texas, there are days as a condition of DWI probation. Learn about Days as a Condition of DWI Probation. - Published: 2023-09-02 - Modified: 2023-09-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/days-as-a-condition-of-dwi-probation/ How many days as a condition of DWI probation are required in Texas? It seems counterintuitive, but it is true – for some DWI offenses in Texas, there are days as a condition of DWI probation. It’s counterintuitive because why would you sit in jail on a probation sentence instead of just sitting those days out in jail and have no probation sentence? So let’s break down what it means to have days as a condition of probation in Texas. Days as a Condition of DWI Probation is Sometimes Mandated First, for certain DWI offenses, jail time is mandatory as a condition of probation. For example, on a DWI-Second (aka DWI-Misdemeanor Repetition), you have to spend at least 72 hours in jail as a condition of probation. While I would be very hard-pressed ever to recommend accepting a plea to probation that involves jail time as a condition, let’s first look at why you might. To use the DWI Second as an example, if you were to get a straight jail sentence, the jail time begins at a minimum of 30 days and goes up to a year. So in most cases, the jail time as a condition is much less than the actual jail time you’d likely get on a straight jail sentence. The example because even easier to understand on felonies. For example, you must serve 120 days in jail as a condition of probation for an Intoxication Manslaughter charge. The flip side of that is a 2-20 year sentence for straight time. Even applying the most favorable parole terms (which is never a guarantee) someone is looking at 6 months in prison versus 120 days in a county jail. Almost everyone would pick the county jail time. So there are instances in which days as a condition makes sense. Offense Minimum Days in Jail as COP Maximum Days in Jail as COP DWI 0 30 DWI BAC ≥ . 15 0 30 DWI with Open Container 0 30 DWI Second 72 30 DWI Child Passenger 0 180 DWI Felony Repetition 0 180 Intoxication Assault 30 180 Intoxication Manslaughter 120 180 Statutory Provisions Regarding Days on DWI Probation The statutory provisions regarding the number of days an individual must complete as part of DWI probation can vary based on the specific circumstances of the case and the offender’s criminal history. The Texas Code of Criminal Procedure and the Texas Penal Code outline the guidelines for DWI probation, including the conditions related to days served. For example, under Section 42A of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, the judge can impose certain conditions of probation on a DWI offender. These conditions may include: Days in Jail The judge may order a certain number of days in county jail or a jail treatment program as part of the probation sentence. This can range from a few days to a more substantial period, depending on factors such as blood alcohol concentration (BAC), prior convictions, and the judge’s discretion. Ignition Interlock Device... > Attorney Ty Stimpson was named the 2023 Young Professional of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber. Read more about Ty and this prestigous honor. - Published: 2023-09-01 - Modified: 2023-09-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/young-professional-of-the-year/ Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, has been named the 2023 Young Professional of the Year by the Fort Worth Chamber. The award, presented on August 31 at the Chamber’s annual Young Professionals Summit at TX Whiskey Ranch, recognizes young professionals who are trailblazing a path forward in Fort Worth. The recipient exemplifies leadership in their industry, organization, and community. "I am honored and deeply appreciative of this recognition," Stimpson said. "I would like to thank everyone who has mentored me, challenged me, and given me an opportunity to lead and to serve. Every day I am surrounded by amazing leaders who are making a meaningful impact in their profession and in their community. It’s a privilege to serve alongside them. " The Young Professional of the Year Award is not just about individual achievements. It celebrates a professional who stands as a beacon of leadership across multiple spheres — their industry, their organization, and the larger Fort Worth community. It speaks to a person who not only excels in their chosen field but uplifts those around them, fostering growth, innovation, and unity. "We are truly honored to recognize Ty Stimpson as the 2023 Young Professional of the Year," said Steve Montgomery, President and CEO of the Fort Worth Chamber. "His outstanding contributions to both the legal field and our community exemplify the spirit of leadership and dedication that we hold dear in Fort Worth. " Stimpson is a highly-regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, where he combines his passion for the law with his compassion for helping people who have had their lives shattered through no fault of their own. He holds a Master of Law Degree in International and Comparative Sports from St. John’s University School of Law; a Juris Doctor Degree from Thurgood Marshall School of Law at Texas Southern University; and a Bachelor of Business Administration and Marketing from Baylor University. Stimpson's commitment to community service shines through his active engagement on numerous boards and his role as a member of various organizations. His dedication is evident in his contributions to the following prominent organizations: Tarrant Area Food Bank, Board Chair-Elect Boys and Girls Club of Greater Tarrant County, Board Member LTV Rise, Board Chair (a project dedicated to serving Fort Worth’s Las Vegas Trail community) Young Men’s Leadership Academy, Advisory Board Member L. Clifford Davis Legal Association, Immediate Past-President Stimpson's exceptional achievements have garnered him a collection of prestigious awards and recognitions, including: LeaderPrime, Class of 2023 LeadershipSBOT, State Bar of Texas, Class of 2022-2023 Legend in the Making for Law, Beta Tau Lambda Charitable Foundation and the Beta Tau Lambda Chapter of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. Top Attorney, Fort Worth Magazine Top Attorney, 360 West Magazine Top 40 Under 40, National Trial Lawyer Ty Stimpson and Jennifer Trevino During the award presentation, Stimpson was introduced by Jennifer Trevino, Executive Director of Leadership Fort Worth - a non-profit organization dedicated to educating, empowering, and connecting... > Need expert guidance with adoption evaluation in Texas? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group for help navigating the adoption process with confidence. - Published: 2023-08-29 - Modified: 2023-08-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-evaluation-in-texas/ Texas Adoption Evaluation Guide Adoption is a life-changing decision for both the child and the adopting family. In the state of Texas, the process is governed by the Texas Family Code and aims to ensure the best interests of the child. Before delving into the adoption evaluation process, it's crucial to understand the types of adoption available, including private adoption, agency adoption, and adoption through the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Navigating the adoption process in Texas can be complex and emotionally challenging. The knowledgeable attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can guide you through the process, ensuring your adoption journey is as smooth as possible. Don't wait to secure the best outcome for your family. Call Varghese Summersett today at 817-900-3220 or contact us online. Please also take a moment to explore our guide on Texas adoption laws, the adoption process, adoption professionals, and how Varghese Summersett can help you navigate your adoption journey. Texas Adoption Laws and Requirements Before beginning the adoption process in Texas, it's important to familiarize yourself with the state's adoption laws and requirements. Some key aspects of Texas adoption laws include: Prospective adoptive parents must be at least 21 years old. Adoptive parents must undergo a criminal background check. A home study is mandatory, evaluating the family's living situation and stability. There is a mandatory waiting period of six months after filing the petition for adoption before the adoption can be finalized. The Adoption Evaluation Process in Texas Home Study Assessment One of the most critical steps in the adoption process in Texas is the home study. This adoption evaluation assesses the prospective adoptive family's suitability, including their living environment, financial stability, and emotional readiness. The home study consists of interviews, home visits, background checks, and a review of personal and financial documents. Finding a Child After completing the home study, prospective adoptive parents can find a child through various means, including state agencies, private adoption agencies, or independent adoption. Private adoption laws in Texas regulate the process when adoptive parents work directly with the birth parents or a facilitator. Children 12 years or older must consent to the adoption. Terminate Parental Rights To proceed with an adoption in the state of Texas, the biological parent's rights must be terminated. This can be done voluntarily or, in some cases, through a court order. The termination of parental rights clears the way for the adoptive parents to legally assume the role of the child's parents. Texas Petition for Adoption and Waiting Period Once the home study has been completed and approved, the next step in the adoption process is filing a Texas Petition for Adoption with the court. This legal document formally requests the court to grant the adoption and establishes the adoptive parent's rights and responsibilities. After filing the petition, Texas adoption laws require a waiting period before the finalization of the adoption. The waiting period can range from 30 to 90 days, depending on the specific circumstances of the... > Facing federal gun charges? A Board Certified criminal lawyer explains every federal firearms charge under 18 U.S.C. §§ 922 & 924, penalties, and defenses. - Published: 2023-08-29 - Modified: 2023-08-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-firearm-charges/ Federal firearms charges are prosecuted under Title 18 of the U. S. Code — primarily 18 U. S. C. §§ 922 and 924 — and they carry some of the harshest penalties in American criminal law, including mandatory minimum prison sentences that judges cannot reduce. If you or a loved one is under federal investigation or has been indicted on a federal gun charge, the stakes are different from state court: longer sentences, no parole in the federal system, and prosecutors who rarely dismiss cases once charges are filed. This guide, written by Board Certified Criminal Lawyer Benson Varghese, breaks down every major federal firearms offense — the statute, what the government must prove, the punishment range (including mandatory minimums), and the defenses that actually work in federal court. Quick Answer: What Are Federal Firearms Charges? Federal firearms charges are criminal offenses involving the possession, sale, transfer, manufacture, or use of firearms or ammunition in violation of federal law. The most commonly charged federal gun offenses are: Felon in possession of a firearm — 18 U. S. C. § 922(g)(1), up to 10 years (15-year minimum under ACCA) Possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime or crime of violence — 18 U. S. C. § 924(c), 5-year mandatory minimum, consecutive to any other sentence Possession of an unregistered NFA firearm (machine gun, suppressor, short-barreled rifle or shotgun) — up to 10 years Straw purchasing / lying on ATF Form 4473 — up to 15 years under the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Firearms trafficking — up to 15 years under 18 U. S. C. § 933 A federal gun case almost always involves the FBI, ATF, DEA, or Homeland Security, a grand jury indictment, and a U. S. Attorney's Office that wins the overwhelming majority of cases that go to trial. The right time to hire experienced counsel is the moment you know you are a target — not after indictment. Why You Should Listen to Us Benson Varghese is the founder and Managing Partner of Varghese Summersett, a Texas law firm with offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Southlake, and Houston. He is Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization — a distinction held by fewer than 1% of Texas attorneys. He began his career as a felony prosecutor in the Tarrant County District Attorney's Office and has spent the last decade defending people in state and federal court, including in the Northern District of Texas. He has tried more than 100 jury trials and has represented clients on the full range of federal gun charges discussed below. This guide is written for people who want a clear, accurate explanation of federal firearms law. Every statute below is current as of 2026 and reflects post-Bruen, post-Rahimi, and post-Bipartisan Safer Communities Act developments. Nothing here is legal advice; if you are facing federal gun charges, talk to a federal criminal defense lawyer immediately. Federal Gun Charges vs. State Gun Charges: What's the Difference?... > Amendment 821 brought a two level reduction that applies retroactively for some federal inmates. - Published: 2023-08-26 - Modified: 2024-04-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/retroactivity-of-amendment-821/ In a landmark decision, the United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) has voted 4-to-3 in favor of the delayed retroactive application of Amendment 821, which pertains to criminal history. This significant move makes specific inmates eligible for a two level reduction, with the retroactive changes becoming effective from February 1, 2024. Amendment 821 itself introduces newly created Section 4C1. 1 of the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines that goes into effect on November 1, 2023 and will apply to current cases as well as retroactively. Jump to the Amendment 821 Eligibility Quiz. Understanding the Amendment 821 Two Level Decrease for Zero Point Offenders Amendment 821 introduces a new guideline in Chapter Four at §4C1. 1 titled “Adjustment for Certain Zero-Point Offenders. ” This guideline offers a two-level decrease from the offense level determined under Chapters Two and Three. It’s applicable to defendants who: Didn’t receive any criminal history points and Whose immediate offense didn’t involve certain aggravating factors. Most white-collar defendants have no criminal history, so this amendment could lead to reduced sentences for many white-collar crimes. It is also expected to impact a large number of lower-level drug offenses. Who cannot benefit from Amendment 821’s Two Level Reduction for Zero Point Offenders? An individual cannot benefit from Amendment 821 if they: Had any prior criminal history points; Used violence or credible threats of violence in connection with the offense; Caused death or serious bodily injury because of the offense; Committed a sex offense; Personally caused substantial financial hardship; Received a terrorism adjustment under § 3A1. 4; Possessed, received, purchased, transported, transferred, sold, or disposed of a firearm or other dangerous weapon (or induced another person to) in connection with the offense; Committed a civil rights offense covered under § 2H1. 1 (Offenses Involving Individual Rights); Committed a hate crime; Received an adjustment under § 3A1. 1 (Hate Crime Motivation or Vulnerable Victim), § 3A1. 5 (Serious Human Rights Offense), or § 3B1. 1 (Aggravating Role); or Engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise, as defined in 21 U. S. C. § 848. Status Points Changes in Amendment 821 “Status Points” Amendment 821 also specifically targets the impact of providing additional criminal history points for offenders under a criminal justice sentence, commonly known as “status points”. In the existing Guidelines Manual, an offender is assigned two criminal history points, known as “status points,” if they committed the current offense while under any form of criminal justice sentence. This includes situations where the offender was on probation, parole, supervised release, imprisonment, work release, or even escape status. Who Qualifies for the Status Point Adjustment? This applies to individuals whose sentences included status points, which is an increase in sentencing because at the time of the offense they were serving some other sentence, such as probation or parole. Changes to the Application of Status Points under 4C1. 1 The 2023 amendment aims to limit the impact of these “status points”. The changes are as follows: The “status points” provision will now only apply to offenders... > Under a new Texas law, drunk drivers must pay child support if a parent is killed in a crash. Learn about the new law. - Published: 2023-08-25 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drunk-drivers-must-pay-child-support/ Texas already has some of the harshest drunk driving laws in the country, and now, lawmakers have taken it one step further. Governor Greg Abbott recently signed a law that requires drunk drivers who cause a crash that kills a parent to pay child support until the surviving child (or children) turn 18 or graduate high school. The new law takes effect on September 1, 2023. In this article, Board Certified Criminal Defense Lawyer Benson Varghese explains the new law, the legislative intent behind it, and how civil restitution (in addition to criminal punishment) applies to a defendant convicted of intoxication manslaughter in the death of a parent in Texas. Mandatory Restitution for Child of Victim of Intoxication Manslaughter Beginning September 1, 2023, anyone convicted of intoxication manslaughter in Texas will be required to pay monthly child support if they caused a crash that resulted in the death of a parent with minor children. The new law - passed in the 88th Texas legislative session as House Bill 393 - amends Chapter 42 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure by adding Section 42. 9375 titled: "Mandatory Restitution for Child of Victim of Intoxication. " This statute states that: The court shall order a defendant convicted of intoxication manslaughter to pay monthly restitution for a child whose parent or guardian was killed until the child reaches age 18 or has graduated from high school, whichever is later. The defendant is not required to pay restitution to an individual who is 19 years or older. The court shall determine the amount of restitution based on what is reasonable and necessary to support the child after considering all relevant factors including: the financial needs and resources of the child; the surviving parent or guardian or other current guardian of the child or, if applicable, the financial resources of the state if the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) has been appointed as a temporary or permanent managing conservator of the child; the standard of living to which the child is accustomed; the physical and emotional condition of the child and his or her educational needs; the child's physical and legal custody arrangments; the reasonable work-related child care expenses of the surviving parent or guardian or other current guardian if applicable; and the financial resources of the defendant. If the defendant is unable to pay due to incarceration, he or she shall begin payments within one year of being released in a payment plan agreed by the court. The state has the authority to remit these payments. Bentley's Law: The Legislative Intent Texas' new child support intoxication manslaughter law is also referred to as "Bentley's Law. " Like a lot of legislation, it stemmed out of a tragedy, which attracted nationwide attention. On April 13, 2021, a mother, father, and their 4-year-old son were killed in a drunk driving fatality in Missouri. They left behind two other sons, Bentley and Mason, who went to live with their grandmother, Cecilia Williams. Over the... > Discovery in Texas family law can be confusing. In this articles, our attorneys the expain the the forms of discovery in Texas family law cases. - Published: 2023-08-23 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/forms-of-discovery-in-texas-family-law/ Forms of Discovery in Family Law Cases "Discovery" is a legal term that refers to the formal process by which parties in a lawsuit exchange information and evidence relevant to the case. In the context of Texas family law cases, discovery is used to gather information about a wide variety of issues such as income, property, children, debts, and any other issues relevant to the case. In this article, we will cover the forms of discovery in family law and divorce cases in Texas. The purpose of family law discovery is to prevent "trial by ambush," where one side doesn't learn about the other side's evidence or arguments until the trial, which can prevent a fair hearing. Discovery ensures both parties have access to the same information, which can promote settlement or help prepare for trial. Discovery in Texas family law cases can be complex, time-consuming, and costly. The rules are strict and there can be serious consequences for failing to comply, so it's important to have legal counsel guide you through it. In this article, we explain discovery in Texas family law cases, the governing rules, and the overall process, but first please take a moment to watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton. Discovery Documents in Texas Family Law During the discovery process in Texas family law cases, various types of documents are exchanged between parties to gather relevant information and evidence. At a minimum, both parties should be prepared to gather and receive: Financial Records Real Estate Documents Employment Records Medical Records School records Communication Records (emails, texts, etc. ) Forms of Discovery in Family Law Cases In any legal proceeding, having comprehensive, accurate information is paramount to building a successful case. In Texas, like in most jurisdictions, the discovery process plays an essential role in this, allowing the parties involved to gather crucial evidence and information before trial. The various methods of discovery—interrogatories, requests for production, requests for admissions, depositions, subpoenas, and disclosures—each offer unique opportunities to acquire the necessary details that will shape the course of the proceedings. From uncovering financial records in a contentious divorce to obtaining expert witness testimonies in a child custody case, the strategic use of these discovery tools can have a significant impact on the outcome of your Texas family law case. Here's an overview of the methods used to obtain various types of discovery in Texas family law case: Interrogatories These are written questions posed by one party to another, requiring the receiving party to provide written answers under oath. Interrogatories often cover various topics. Common questions in family law interrogatories may include: Information about income and employment Details about property and debts Questions about child custody and visitation Information about marital misconduct or fault grounds Requests for Production These are formal requests for the other party to produce specific documents or tangible items related to the case. Examples include bank statements, tax returns, real estate documents, emails, text messages, photographs, and other relevant evidence. Requests... > Donald Trump and 18 of his allies have been indicted in Georgia on accusations they tried to overturn the state's 2020 election returns. Learn about Trump's Georgia indictment - Published: 2023-08-15 - Modified: 2023-08-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/trumps-georgia-indictment/ Former President Donald J. Trump and 18 others were indicted in Georgia on Monday on accusations that they tried to overturn the state's 2020 election returns. The Georgia indictment marks the fourth time in as many months that a grand jury has handed up an indictment against Trump - all in different jurisdictions and stemming from different accusations. In this article, Board Certified Criminal Attorney Benson Varghese explains Trump's Georgia indictment and recaps his pending cases. Trump's Georgia Indictment: What You Need to Know Trump's Georiga indictment, returned on August 14, 2023, by a grand jury in Fulton County, includes 13 charges against Trump, as well as charges against 18 other Trump allies. They are alleged to be part of a "criminal enterprise" seeking to overturn the Georgia election results. All face charges under Georgia's Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act, a charge usually reserved for organized crime. Trump and his co-defendants have until August 25 to turn themselves in. What is Racketeering? Racketeering refers to the act of operating an illegal business or scheme in order to make a profit, perpetrated by a structured group. It is most commonly associated with organized crime. The term "racket" originally referred to a scam or deception, and over time, it came to encompass a broader range of illegal activities. The Allegation in Georgia Against Trump The 98-page indictment details an alleged plan that commenced after Trump's defeat in the 2020 presidential race. It alleges that those charged "refused to accept that Trump lost, and they knowingly and willfully joined a conspiracy to unlawfully change the outcome of the election in favor of Trump. "That conspiracy contained a common plan and purpose to commit two or more acts of racketeering activity in Fulton County, Georgia, elsewhere in the state of Georgia, and in other states. " The indictment alleges that Trump and his co-defendants used several schemes to try and reverse the electoral loss, including: Making false statements to state legislators and other top state officials; Generating fake Electoral College documents and recruiting supporters to cast false votes at the Georgia Capitol; Harassing Fulton County election worker Ruby Freeman; Corruptly soliciting senior Justice Department officials and then-Vice President Mike Pence; Tampering with voting machines in Coffee County and stealing data. Read the full 92-page indictment against Trump and his co-defendants here. The Charges Against Trump In total, Trump's Georgia indictment accuses him of a total of 13 felony counts, including violating Georgia's racketeering act, three counts of solicitation of violation of oath by a public officer; conspiracy to commit impersonating a public officer; two counts of conspiracy to commit forgery in the first degree; two counts of conspiracy to commit false statements and writings; conspiracy to commit filing false documents; filing false documents; and two counts of making false statements and writings. Will the Indictment Stand? Georgia's RICO Act, GA Code § 16-14-4, makes it a crime through racketeering activity to acquire or maintain any interest or control of any enterprise. Prosecutors... > What happens if your spouse dies during divorce in Texas? This article provides guidance on property, custody, support, and more. - Published: 2023-08-14 - Modified: 2023-08-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/spouse-dies-during-divorce/ What Happens if Your Spouse Dies During Divorce in Texas? When a spouse dies during divorce proceedings in Texas, the divorce process is halted, and the case is typically dismissed. In such a scenario, the surviving spouse is considered a widow or widower, and the marriage is deemed legally valid until the moment of the deceased spouse's death. Consequently, the deceased spouse's estate will be subject to Texas probate law, which governs how property and assets are distributed after death. In this article, the family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what happens if your spouse dies during the divorce process in Texas. It's important to point out that Varghese Summesett Family Law Group does not handle probate matters, but can provide general information on property division, child support and child custody in the wake of a spouse's death during the divorce process. Property Division and the Deceased Spouse's Estate In Texas, property acquired during the marriage is classified as community property, which means it is owned equally by both spouses. If a spouse dies before the divorce is finalized, the community property will be divided according to Texas probate law, regardless of what the divorce agreement might have stipulated. For example, under Texas Estates Code § 201. 002, if the deceased spouse dies without a will and has no children, the surviving spouse inherits the entire community estate. However, if the deceased spouse has children, the surviving spouse is entitled to half of the community property, while the other half is distributed among the children. Child Custody and Support in the Wake of a Spouse's Death During Divorce Child Custody Arrangements If a spouse dies during divorce in Texas, any child custody arrangements previously established no longer apply. The surviving spouse typically becomes the sole managing conservator of the children, assuming full legal and physical custody. In some cases, the deceased spouse's family may petition the court for visitation rights or joint managing conservatorship, but the court will ultimately decide based on the best interests of the child. Child Support Obligations Child support obligations of the deceased spouse may be enforced against their estate, ensuring that the surviving spouse and children receive the financial support they need. The court will consider factors such as the deceased spouse's income, the needs of the child, and the financial resources of the surviving spouse when determining child support payments from the estate. Life Insurance and Retirement Benefits After a Spouse's Death During Divorce The surviving spouse may be entitled to claim life insurance benefits or retirement accounts, depending on the terms of the policy or account and the stage of the divorce proceedings. It's crucial to review and update beneficiary designations on such accounts to ensure the intended beneficiaries receive the proceeds. Spousal Support and the Impact of a Spouse's Death In cases where the deceased spouse was ordered to pay spousal support, the surviving spouse may have a claim against the estate for the unpaid support. The amount and duration of... > The comprehensive campus carry guide for Texas colleges and universities. - Published: 2023-08-13 - Modified: 2023-10-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/campus-carry-explained/ Campus Carry in Texas Campus Carry in Texas refers to the legal provision that allows licensed individuals to carry concealed handguns on public college campuses. For campus carry, the handgun must be concealed and the person carrying the gun must have a license to carry. Understanding the laws that apply to individuals on public university grounds is vital for students, educators, and the general public in Texas. The article is a comprehensive guide to gun laws as they apply to college and university campuses in Texas. History of Campus Carry in Texas Campus carry became legal in Texas on August 1, 2016. Originally this law allowed individuals 21 and older to legally possess handguns on college campuses with a license to carry. However, a federal lawsuit in Fort Worth extended that right to individuals 18 and older. Does Campus Carry Apply to All Texas Colleges and Universities? No. Campus carry applies to all public universities. It does not apply to private universities, although private colleges and universities may opt-in. Campus Carry Status for Major Texas Colleges and Universities Institution Public/Private Opted into Campus Carry (if private) University of Texas System Public Campus Carry Texas A&M University System Public Campus Carry Texas State University System Public Campus Carry University of Houston System Public Campus Carry Texas Tech University System Public Campus Carry University of North Texas System Public Campus Carry Baylor University Private No Southern Methodist University Private No Rice University Private No Texas Christian University Private No St. Edward's University Private No Trinity University Private No In fact, no major private college or university has opted into Campus Carry in Texas. The only private college to have opted in is Amberton University, a small nonprofit school in Garland. Understanding Campus Carry in Texas Campus Carry allows license-holders to have concealed handguns at public universities. A recent federal court decision found no basis to prevent 18, 19, and 20-year-olds from not being able to do the same, so now individuals over 18 who have a license to carry may conceal a handgun on their person at public colleges and universities in Texas. Still a very small fraction of university students have a license to carry in Texas. Campus Carry Concepts What is the Campus? For purposes of Campus carry, “campus” means all the land and buildings owned or leased by the institution. This includes junior colleges, senior colleges, and universities. Campus carry does not include primary, middle, or high schools. It includes buildings and recreational vehicles, trailers, and campers that are being used as living quarters. When did campus carry become legal? In 2015, Governor Abbott signed Senate Bill 11 which codified the campus carry law into Section 411. 2031 of the Government Code. What rules can a public university or college set in regard to campus carry in Texas? The college or university can set rules regarding the carrying of concealed handguns by license holders and the storage of handguns in dormitories and residential facilities – as long as they... > Who can file a wrongful death suit in Texas? The answer might surprise you. Check out this comprehensive guide. - Published: 2023-08-11 - Modified: 2023-08-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/who-can-file-a-wrongful-death-suit-in-texas/ Who can file a wrongful death suit in Texas? The answer might surprise you. Check out this comprehensive guide. Who can bring a wrongful death lawsuit in Texas? In Texas, the legal right to bring a wrongful death lawsuit is reserved for the surviving spouse, children (including adopted), and parents of the deceased. Executors or personal representatives may also file under specific circumstances. This article provides a comprehensive guide to understanding wrongful death in Texas and who can file a wrongful death suit in Texas. What Constitutes a Wrongful Death in Texas? A wrongful death in Texas is defined as a death caused by the "wrongful act, neglect, carelessness, unskillfulness, or default" of another person. This broad definition encompasses various scenarios, from fatal car accidents caused by reckless driving to medical malpractice leading to a patient's demise. Who Can File a Wrongful Death Lawsuit in Texas? Surviving Family Members Spouse Whether minor or adult, a surviving spouse has the legal right to bring a wrongful death lawsuit in Texas. Children Children, including adopted children whose adoption was finalized before the date of death, can seek compensation. Parents Parents, including adoptive parents, have the right to seek damages for the wrongful death of a child. Executors and Personal Representatives The executor or personal representative of the deceased's estate may file a wrongful death claim if no eligible family member does so within 90 days after the person's death. Ineligible Parties Siblings and distant relatives do not have the right to file a wrongful death claim in Texas individually. However, they can potentially recover benefits through a claim filed by a personal representative. Examples of Wrongful Acts Motor Vehicle Accidents A driver's reckless or negligent behavior, such as speeding, drunk driving, or texting while driving, can lead to fatal accidents. The surviving family members of the victim of a motor vehicle accident may file a wrongful death claim against the responsible driver. Workplace Accidents Fatal accidents can occur in various workplaces, especially in high-risk industries like construction, oil and gas, or manufacturing. Employers' failure to provide proper safety equipment or adhere to safety regulations may lead to a wrongful death claim. Defective Products Manufacturers, distributors, or retailers may be held liable if a defective product, such as a faulty vehicle part or a dangerous pharmaceutical drug, leads to a person's death. Premises Liability Property owners have a duty to maintain safe premises. If a person dies due to hazardous conditions on the property, such as a slip and fall on a wet floor or an attack due to inadequate security, the property owner may be held responsible. Pedestrian Accidents Pedestrians struck and killed by motor vehicles may have a wrongful death claim if the driver was negligent, such as failing to yield the right of way or driving under the influence. Recreational Accidents Fatal accidents can occur during recreational activities, such as boating, swimming, or hiking. Operators or property owners may be held liable if they failed to provide proper safety measures or warnings. Exposure to Toxic Substances Long-term exposure to toxic substances, such as asbestos or harmful chemicals, can lead... > Supervised visitation in Texas is a court-ordered arrangement in which a non-custodial parent can only visit their child in the presence of a designated supervisor. Learn more. - Published: 2023-08-09 - Modified: 2023-08-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/supervised-visitation-in-texas/ When parents decide to separate or divorce, the underlying reasons can sometimes lead a judge to mandate supervised visitation for the non-custodial parent. The court's primary concern is always the child's safety and well-being. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth family law attorneys explain supervised visitation in Texas, when it is ordered, how it works, and whether a friend or family member can supervise visitation between a parent and a child. We also answer some frequently asked questions about supervised child visitation. Court-Ordered Supervised Visitation in Texas Supervised visitation in Texas is a court-ordered arrangement in which a non-custodial parent is only allowed to visit their child in the presence of a designated supervisor. This arrangement is typically implemented in cases where the court believes it is in the best interest of the child to have contact with the non-custodial parent but has concerns about the child's safety, well-being, or the parent's ability to provide appropriate care during the visitation. The goal of supervised visitation is to maintain and support the parent-child relationship while prioritizing the health and safety of the child. Over time, if the non-custodial parent demonstrates consistent, responsible behavior, the court may consider modifying the visitation order to allow for less restrictive or unsupervised visits. Reasons for Supervised Visitation in Texas There are several reasons why a court may order supervised visitation for the non-custodial parent including: Domestic Violence Court-ordered supervised visitation may be necessary when there is a history of domestic violence, as it ensures the safety of the child and the non-offending parent. Supervised visitation allows the child to maintain a relationship with the parent who committed the violence, while also providing a controlled and secure environment where abuse is less likely to occur. During these visits, a neutral third party or a professional is present to monitor interactions and intervene if necessary. Child Neglect or Abuse When a parent has a history of child neglect or abuse, supervised visitation is essential to protect the child from further harm. The court prioritizes the child's safety and well-being, and will only allow contact with the abusive parent under close supervision. This arrangement allows the parent to maintain a relationship with the child, while also ensuring that the child's safety and emotional needs are met. Substance Abuse Parents struggling with substance abuse or addiction may pose a risk to their child's safety and well-being. Supervised visitation can help protect the child from potential harm or exposure to drugs and alcohol. It also provides an opportunity for the parent to demonstrate their commitment to recovery and their desire to maintain a relationship with their child, while under the watchful eye of a supervisor. Mental Health Issues Parents with mental health issues may require supervised visitation to ensure the child's safety and well-being. Depending on the severity of the mental health issue, a parent may not be able to provide appropriate care and support for the child. Supervised visitation allows the parent to maintain a relationship with the... > Are your parental rights affected by drug use accusations? Contact the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group today. Our experienced team of attorneys can help. - Published: 2023-08-07 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-rights-affected-by-drug-use/ Are Parental Rights Affected by Drug Use? Parental rights in Texas are a serious matter, and the state prioritizes the best interests of the child above all else. Drug use can indeed play a significant role in parental rights and child custody cases. In this article, we will discuss the possible outcomes for parents who engage in substance abuse, and when termination of parental rights may occur. If your parental rights are being threatened because of drug or alcohol accusations, or you are concerned because the other parent is engaging in substance abuse, contact Varghese Summerset Family Law Group. We can explain your legal options, provide support, and guide you through the process to ensure the safety and well-being of your children, while also helping to protect your parental rights. https://youtu. be/-rX8gLkx92k? feature=shared Non-Custodial Parent Using Drugs: What Happens? If a non-custodial parent is found to be using drugs, Texas law may limit their visitation rights or mandate supervised visitation to protect the child's well-being. Courts may also require the non-custodial parent to undergo drug testing, treatment, or counseling. Can a Mother Lose Custody for Drugs? Parental rights affected by drug use can occur regardless of gender. Any parent found to be using drugs can lose custody if the court determines it is in the child's best interests. Substance abuse poses a significant risk to the child's safety, and Texas courts will prioritize child safety and well-being. Does Rehab Affect Custody in Texas? Voluntarily entering rehab may be viewed positively by the court. Demonstrating a commitment to recovery can show a parent is taking steps to address their substance abuse issue and provide a stable environment for their child. However, courts will still assess the child's best interests and the parent's ability to provide a safe home. Co-Parenting with an Addict: Risks and Concerns Co-parenting with a partner who struggles with addiction can be challenging. Texas courts may modify custody agreements to protect the child, which may include requiring supervised visitation, substance abuse treatment, or random drug testing for the child welfare of the addicted parent. Regaining Custody After Drugs: Is It Possible? It is possible to regain custody after having your parental rights affected by drug use. If the parent addresses their substance abuse issue, the court will consider factors such as the parent's sustained recovery, compliance with court orders, and the child's best interests. Joint Legal Custody and Medications: Navigating Complex Situations Texas courts may be concerned about the child's safety if a parent under joint legal custody misuses prescription medications. Courts may modify the agreement or award a joint legal custody agreement to protect the child, potentially requiring supervised visitation or drug testing for the parent in question. Custody and Alcoholic Parents: How Does the Court Decide? When determining custody, courts consider a parent's history of alcohol abuse and its impact on their ability to provide a safe and nurturing environment. A parent's commitment to recovery, such as attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings or completing a treatment program,... > A federal grand jury has indicted former President Trump on accusations he tried to overturn 2020 election results. Learn about the Trump election interference indictment. - Published: 2023-08-02 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/trump-election-interference-indictment/ A federal grand jury has indicted former President Donald J. Trump in the 2020 election interference probe, marking the third time this year that Trump has been criminally charged - all in different jurisdictions and stemming from different criminal accusations. The latest indictment accuses Trump of conspiring to overturn the results of his unsuccessful 2020 election and block the peaceful transfer of power. The federal indictment, which was returned on Aug. 1, 2023, by a grand jury in Washington D. C. , may be the most consequential. In this article, Board Certified Criminal Attorney Benson Varghese Varghese explains the latest Trump election interference indictment, recaps all of his pending criminal cases, and answers frequently asked questions about these historic and unprecedented developments. Trump Election Interference Indictment On August 1, 2023, a federal grand jury in Washington D. C. handed up a four-count indictment centered on Trump's alleged efforts to discount legitimate votes in the 2020 presidential election and prevent the peaceful transfer of power. The 45-page election interference indictment charges Trump with: Conspiracy to Defraud the United States This charge stems from allegations made by prosectuors that Trump repeatedly spread false claims about the November 2020 election knowing they weren't true and allegedly attempted to discount legitimate votes. Prosecutors allege that Trump conspired with six others to "overturn the legitimate results of the 2020 president election. " The co-conspirators are not named or charged - as of yet. Conspiracy to Obstruct an Official Proceeding This charge stems from accusations that Trump and his allies had an organized plan to obstruct the congressional confirmation of President Joe Biden's election on January 6. Obstruction of and Attempt to Obstruct an Official Proceedings This charge stems from accusations that Trump and his co-conspirators attempted to block Congress from confirming President Joe Biden's election on January 6. This is the same charge brought against numerous rioters who stormed the U. S. Capitol. Conspiracy Against Rights This charge stems from allegations that Trump and his co-conspirators attempted to "injure, oppress, threaten, or intimidate" people to stop them from enjoying their constitutional rights. Read the 45-page indictment filed by Special Counsel Jack Smith in the U. S. District Court for the District of Columbia. What Led to the Trump Election Interference Indictment? In November 2020, Trump lost the presidential election to Joe Biden. Prosecutors allege that he refused to accept his loss and pronounced that the victory was stolen from him. The turmoil resulted in a riot at the Capitol when Trump supporters stormed into the building and disrupted the congressional counting of electoral votes. In between the election and the riot, Trump allegedly urged local election officials to undo voting results in their states, pressured Mike Pence to halt the certification of electoral votes, and falsely claimed that the election had been stolen. Among the lies, prosecutors allege, Trump claimed that more than 10,000 dead voters had voted in Georgia along with tens of thousands of double votes in Nevada. Who is Special Counsel Jack... > Divorce isn't easy, especially for children. These 6 co-parenting tips can help bridge the gap between separated parents and help ensure your children feel secure and loved. - Published: 2023-07-31 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/co-parenting-tips/ Divorce can be challenging for everyone involved, but it's crucial to try to maintain a healthy and stable environment for your children. As time goes on, both parents may enter into other relationships or remarry, creating blended families. That makes co-parenting all that more important. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth family law attorneys discuss co-parenting tips for divorced parents that can help create a positive and successful relationship for everyone. By working together, you can minimize the impact of divorce on your children and foster their emotional well-being. 1. Communication is Key Establishing open lines of communication Good communication is the foundation of any successful co-parenting relationship. It's essential to maintain open and honest lines of communication with your ex-spouse to ensure the best interests of your children are met. This might include regular check-ins, discussing schedules, sharing records and receipts, and addressing any concerns that may arise. Using Technology to Facilitate Communication Many online tools and apps can help facilitate communication between co-parents. These resources can help keep everyone on the same page, especially when it comes to scheduling and important updates. For example, you can use apps like Our Family Wizard, Talking Parents, and Cozi to manage schedules, share information, and communicate effectively. In fact, it's not uncommon for some judges to order parents to use a co-parenting app to communicate. https://youtu. be/g4U8zIogFHc? feature=shared How to Communication with a Difficult Ex If you're struggling to communicate with a difficult ex, consider seeking help from a professional, like a mediator or an experienced family law attorney. They can help facilitate conversations, resolve conflicts, and offer solutions. If your ex continues to be difficult long-term, perhaps there is a neutral third party that will agree to serve as an intermediary between the two parents. 2. Be Consistent Establishing routines and schedules Children thrive on routine and consistency. Work together with your ex to establish consistent routines and schedules for your children. This includes coordinating mealtimes, bedtimes, and extracurricular activities to provide stability and predictability in their lives. Coordinating rules and expectations It's important for both parents to be on the same page when it comes to rules and expectations. Discuss and agree on consistent guidelines for behavior, discipline, and rewards. This can help prevent confusion and ensure your children feel secure and supported. 3. Set Boundaries Respecting personal boundaries Maintaining personal boundaries is essential for successful co-parenting. This means respecting each other's privacy, personal space, and parenting time. Avoid discussing personal issues or using your children as a means of communication with your ex. Keeping children out of conflicts It's important to shield your children from any conflicts or disagreements between you and your ex. If you need to address a contentious issue, do so privately and away from your children. Children do not want to be in the middle of disagreements between their parents. 4. Be Flexible Adapting to changes in schedules and circumstances Life can be unpredictable, and sometimes changes to schedules or circumstances are unavoidable.... > Garrity warnings play a critical role in protecting law enforcement, if you know how to use the warnings. - Published: 2023-07-29 - Modified: 2023-07-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/garrity-warnings/ Understanding Garrity Warnings and Their Role in Criminal Investigations Garrity warnings play a crucial role in protecting the rights of public employees during internal investigations. This article delves into the nature of these warnings, their implications, and their role in criminal investigations. Understanding Garrity Warnings Garrity warnings are named after the landmark Supreme Court case, Garrity v. New Jersey (1967). They are designed to protect public employees from being compelled to incriminate themselves during job-related investigations. The typical Garrity warning informs the employee of their right to remain silent, but also that their silence could lead to job termination. The Garrity Rule is Not Automatic Unlike Miranda rights, Garrity rights are not automatically invoked. While some investigative agencies make it a point to provide them, they are not required to. As such, it is prudent for an attorney to request the warning on behalf of the person being questioned. It's crucial for public employees to understand the nature of the inquiry they're facing. If it's a criminal investigation, they have the right to remain silent without fear of job loss. However, in an administrative investigation, refusal to answer could lead to disciplinary action, including termination. Implications of Garrity Warnings The implications of Garrity warnings are significant for public employees. By invoking Garrity rights, employees protect themselves from self-incrimination in criminal proceedings. However, they must also understand that refusal to answer in an administrative inquiry could lead to job loss. The balance between these two outcomes is a delicate one, and understanding one's rights is paramount. Garrity Warnings and Criminal Investigations In criminal investigations, Garrity warnings serve to protect the evidentiary value of an employee's statements. By ensuring that statements are not compelled, investigators preserve their ability to use other evidence in a criminal proceeding. Garrity Warnings vs. Miranda Warnings While both Garrity and Miranda warnings serve to protect an individual's Fifth Amendment rights, they are used in different contexts. Miranda warnings are given to suspects in criminal investigations, while Garrity warnings are given to public employees during internal, job-related investigations. Context and Broader Implications of Garrity Warnings The inception of Garrity warnings in the legal landscape marked a significant shift in the rights of public employees. It acknowledged the unique position these employees hold, straddling the line between public duty and personal rights. Garrity warnings underscore the principle that no job requirement should force an individual to forfeit their constitutional rights. They serve as a reminder that while public employees have obligations to their roles, these obligations do not extend to self-incrimination. Moreover, Garrity warnings have implications beyond the individual. They shape the conduct of internal investigations, guiding how investigators approach questioning and how they handle the information obtained. They also influence organizational policies, encouraging transparency and respect for individual rights within public institutions. In essence, Garrity warnings are not just about protecting public employees; they're about upholding the principles of justice and fairness in our public institutions. They reflect the delicate balance between serving the public and preserving individual... > Intentional underemployment in Texas divorce can affect child and spousal support payments. The Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help. Contact us today. - Published: 2023-07-28 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/intentional-underemployment/ What is Intentional Underemployment in Texas Divorce? Intentional underemployment occurs when an individual deliberately reduces their income to avoid paying a higher amount of child or spousal support. Texas courts may impute income to an individual who is found to be intentionally underemployed or unemployed to ensure that child support payments are made according to the Texas Family Code guidelines. Imputation of Income in Texas Family Law Imputation of income, or imputed income, refers to the process where a court attributes income to a person who is intentionally underemployed or unemployed, considering their potential earning capacity. This is done to calculate a more accurate child or spousal support amount. Imputed income considers factors like the individual’s education, work experience, and the local job market to determine the income that they could be earning if they were fully employed. Impute Income Meaning and Application When a court imputes income, it means they are attributing a certain amount of income to a person for the purpose of calculating child or spousal support. This can be either good or bad, depending on the situation. If the person is genuinely unable to work or find employment, imputing income could lead to unjust financial strain. However, if it’s a case of intentional underemployment or the person is avoiding work, imputing income can help ensure that they meet their financial obligations to their children or former spouse. How to Get a Judge to Impute Income To convince a judge to impute income, you need to provide sufficient evidence that the other party is engaged in intentional underemployment or unemployed. This may include documentation of their work history, education, job offers, or other factors indicating their potential earning capacity. A family law attorney can help gather and present this evidence to the court. Imputing Income for Spousal Support and Child Support Imputing income can be applied to both spousal support and child support cases in Texas. The process for imputing income is similar for both types of support, as the court will assess the individual’s earning capacity and job market conditions to determine an appropriate amount of imputed income. How Does Imputed Income Work? Once the court determines that intentional underemployment is involved or other person is unemployed, they will analyze various factors to estimate the person’s potential income. This imputed income is then used to calculate child support and the appropriate amount of child or spousal support the individual is responsible for paying. FAQs: Intentional Underemployment & Imputed Income What is the purpose of imputing income? The primary purpose of imputing income is to ensure that a parent or former spouse meets their financial obligations for child or spousal support, even if they are intentionally underemployed or unemployed. Can imputed income be challenged? Yes, imputed income can be challenged by providing evidence that demonstrates the individual’s inability to earn the imputed income due to legitimate reasons beyond tax imputed income, such as disability, job market conditions, or other extenuating circumstances. How is imputed income calculated? Imputed... > TCU officials invited attorneys from Varghese Summersett to speak to the TCU football team about common criminal mistakes and how to stay on the right side of the law. - Published: 2023-07-27 - Modified: 2023-07-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tcu-football-team/ The first hand shot up. "What are the laws about having a firearm in your car? " Then another. "If you refuse a field sobriety test, doesn't your license get suspended? " A question from the other side of the room: "Do you have to call the cops if you get into an accident and someone is injured? " Attorneys Benson Varghese and Ty Stimpson fielded these questions and more from TCU football players Wednesday morning after speaking to the team about staying on the right side of the law. TCU officials invited Varghese Summersett to come and talk to the team about mistakes that can potentially lead to legal trouble and the consequences of an arrest. "You have to be more careful than the average Joe," Varghese told about 100 players, which were gathered in the team room of the indoor practice facility on TCU's campus. "You have a lot more at stake. " Varghese, a Board Certified Criminal Lawyer, discussed a wide variety of topics that he has seen first-hand from collegiate and professional athletes, including drug possession, intoxication offenses, gun crimes, and sexual assault allegations. Varghese said one of the purposes of the talk was to make sure the players understand the law and their rights if they're ever stopped or investigated by police. For example, he told them that they don't have to consent to a field sobriety test, which are intentionally difficult to pass, just because the police ask. "If they ask you to do a field sobriety test, you can politely decline," Varghese said. "Put it on me. You can say, 'Hey an attorney came and talked to the team and recommended I don't do these tests. Sorry, I can’t. '" Stimpson, who heads up the personal injury division of the firm, took a moment to talk to the team about how he was once in their shoes. A former linebacker at Baylor University, he said student-athletes often have "bullseyes on their backs. " "There are a lot of people who cheer for you on Saturdays, but there are also a handful of people who want to see you fail,” Stimpson said. “That is why it’s important to be cognizant of your surroundings and appreciate the opportunities that are presented to you each and every day. " Afterward, Varghese and Stimpson opened the floor for questions, which ran the gamut. They discussed everything from the legality of having bullets in a vehicle to steps to starting a law firm. They were open to any and all questions by the athletes. The meeting closed with both attorneys emphasizing the importance of making smart choices and avoiding situations and circumstances that could lead to potential legal trouble. "You guys are already public figures," Varghese said. "People are going to be paying attention to you. I hope you'll never need us - that is a true sentiment. " Varghese Summersett is a Proud Supporter of TCU Football (from left to right: Attorney Ty Stimpson, Intake Director Bresha... > The AI in Medicine Scholarship, sponsored by Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is designed to support the next generation of healthcare professionals who - Published: 2023-07-24 - Modified: 2023-08-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ai-in-medicine-scholarship/ The AI in Medicine Scholarship, sponsored by Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is designed to support the next generation of healthcare professionals who are committed to integrating artificial intelligence technology in the field of personal injury medicine. This scholarship aims to encourage research and innovation in AI applications, such as diagnostics, treatment plans, patient monitoring, and rehabilitation strategies, that can dramatically improve the care and recovery of personal injury patients. This AI in Medicine Scholarship for $1,000 will be awarded to one undergraduate or graduate student enrolled in an accredited U. S. university or college. The student should be pursuing a degree in a healthcare-related field such as medicine, nursing, physical therapy, or biomedical engineering and should have a demonstrated interest in artificial intelligence and its application in personal injury medicine. Applicants are required to submit a 2 to 5 minute YouTube discussion of an innovative idea on how AI could be used to enhance the treatment and rehabilitation process in personal injury cases. The video description must contain a link to versusinjury. com and contain the hashtag #personalinjury. The video should address how their proposed AI solution could improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency in care, and tackle any potential ethical considerations. Please send your video to info@versustexas. com. We believe in the power of AI to revolutionize personal injury medicine, and through this scholarship, we hope to inspire students to become part of this exciting and impactful journey. > PPP fraud investigations are picking up speed. If you are the target of a PPP or Covid-19 investigation, contact us immediately. - Published: 2023-07-21 - Modified: 2023-12-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ppp-fraud-investigations/ As the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic gets further away, more and more cases of Covid-19 Fraud are beginning to pop up. In May 2021, US Attorney General Merrick Garland created the Covid-19 Fraud Enforcement Task Force to enhance efforts to fight against Covid-19-related fraud. Today we are seeing more and more PPP fraud investigations. Federal prosecutions move slowly, so as time passes, we are more likely to see prosecution proceedings. What is Covid-19 Fraud? During the COVID-19 pandemic, the American government sought to help citizens throughout the United States by implementing a number of programs and benefits that would assist citizens during the course of the pandemic. While the programs aimed to offer relief and support, they became an attractive target for fraudulent activities. Touted as the “Biggest fraud in a generation,” PPP Fraud has become the most notorious type of fraud resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Prosecution of PPP Fraud During Covid-19, the Paycheck Protection Program was an SBA-backed loan that helped businesses keep their workforce employed during the COVID-19 crisis. The purpose of the program was to provide financial assistance to small businesses, nonprofits, self-employed individuals, and independent contractors that were adversely affected by the economic impacts of the pandemic. The allegations of PPP Fraud include identity theft, overinflating loan documents to receive higher payouts, and even, creating fake companies in order to receive funds from the program. The program authorized banks and other financial institutions to make government-backed loans to businesses, loans that were to be forgiven if the companies spent the money on business expenses. Other Types of Covid-19 Fraud In addition to PPP Fraud, during the COVID-19 pandemic, other types of white-collar fraud became prevalent, such as unemployment fraud, identity theft, misuse of social security numbers, and even stealing and selling COVID-19 vaccination cards. In addition to restitution being a consequence of these fraud allegations, many of those convicted of COVID-19 fraud face time in prison. For example, in May 2023, a former Seattle resident who defrauded federal COVID-19 benefits programs of more than $1 million was sentenced to 100 months in prison for wire fraud and aggravated identity theft. Call a Fort Worth Federal Fraud Attorney for Help A person being targeted by a federal agency for any white-collar crime, particularly COVID-19 fraud, should seek legal representation from a Fort Worth federal mail fraud lawyer before speaking with an agent. If you believe you might be under investigation for any type of COVID-19-related fraud, call our firm to speak with an experienced attorney who will give you a confidential analysis of your situation and what might occur. Our team of attorneys are former state and federal prosecutors. We also have former federal agents who assist us in our own defense investigations. We have the expertise and skillset to defend even the most complex white-collar criminal cases. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced white-collar crimes attorney with Varghese Summersett. FAQs About Covid-19 Fraud What is COVID-19 fraud? COVID-19 fraud refers to... > Get prepared for divorce with our comprehensive Texas divorce checklist. First step? Call an experienced Fort Worth divorce attorney at (817) 900-3220. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2023-07-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-checklist/ Facing a divorce can be overwhelming, but arming yourself with the right knowledge and tools can make all the difference. Our ultimate Texas divorce checklist, which was created by our team of experienced Fort Worth divorce attorneys, will help you stay organized and informed throughout the process. After all, knowledge is power. Your Divorce Action Plan If you are headed for divorce, it's important to have a game plan. You want to have all of your ducks in a row so the process can go as smoothly as possible. If you follow this Texas divorce checklist, you will feel less stressed and be better prepared for the long and emotional road ahead. Get an Experienced Divorce Attorney The first item on our Texas divorce checklist is the most important. It's imperative to enlist the help of an experienced and skilled family law attorney. Do not try and go it alone. An experienced divorce attorney will help you navigate the divorce process, inform you of your rights and legal obligations, provide valuable advice, and work to obtain the most favorable outcome possible for you and your children. The professionals at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group are here to guide you through this life-changing decision with expertise and empathy. Call us at 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation today. Decide Where to Live Determine whether you'll stay in the marital home, move to a new residence, or stay with family or friends during the divorce process. Consider both the financial and emotional implications of each option and start making necessary arrangements. If both you and your spouse want to stay in the marital home, it could get contentious. It's definitely important to consult with an experienced divorce attorney to find out your options. We can help. Open New Accounts, Credit Card in Your Name Opening a new checking and savings account in your name is crucial to ensure you have control over your finances during the divorce process. As soon as the divorce petition is filed, start a retirement account by having your paychecks direct deposited to your account. Likewise, if you don't have a credit card solely in your name, now is the time to apply for one. Having a credit card solely in your name will provide you with financial independence, especially during an emergency. It can also help to build your credit score, which is very important when you're starting out on your own. Take Pictures If you are getting a divorce, it is essential to gather evidence that can support your case in court, particularly if you anticipate disputes over assets, custody, or alimony. Here are some suggestions for what documents related to you may want to take pictures of: Property and assets: Take photographs of all shared and personal property, including real estate, vehicles, furniture, jewelry, art, and other valuable items. This will help establish the value and condition of these assets at the time of separation. Personal belongings: Take pictures of your personal belongings, especially if you... > Pleas in federal criminal court are very different than pleas in state court. Here's what happens during a federal plea proceeding or re-arraignment hearing. - Published: 2023-07-19 - Modified: 2023-08-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-plea/ If you have been arrested for a federal crime, you will be asked to enter an initial plea of “guilty” or “not guilty” very early in the process. This can be confusing and overwhelming, especially if this is your first time in the federal justice system. In this article, we are going to explain when you enter a federal plea and what happens during that proceeding, which is referred to as an arraignment or re-arraignment. Please also take a moment to watch the informative videos by Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese, who provides valuable information about the criminal process in the federal system. When do you enter a federal plea? Shortly after you are arrested for a federal offense, you will have an initial appearance before a magistrate who will inform you of your charges and advise you or your rights – including your right to an attorney, right to a preliminary and detention hearing; and right to remain silent. If you already have an attorney at the initial appearance, it’s possible that you could also be arraigned at that time and asked to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. If you do not have an attorney, the arraignment will be scheduled later but still very quickly after your arrest. During the arraignment, the judge will read the criminal complaint or indictment and ask you to enter a plea of “guilty” or “not guilty. ” During a federal plea proceeding, the judge is required to make sure you: understand your rights; understands the rights you are giving up; are competent to proceed; and are entering a plea voluntarily. During the initial arraignment, most defendants enter a plea of “not guilty. ” A “not guilty” plea is standard at this stage in the process, as the defendant needs time to receive and review the government’s evidence and consult with their attorney at length before making a final decision on how to proceed or plead. Why are federal pleas sometimes called re-arraignments? After federal defendants review evidence, consult with attorneys, and negotiate with the government, they often decide to change their “not guilty” plea to “guilty” as part of a plea bargain to take advantage of any benefits offered by the government. To change their plea, another hearing will be held, which is often referred to as a “re-arraignment. ” At re-arraignments, the judge will often take guilty pleas from numerous defendants at the same time. This is because most of the plea colloquy is the same and, if the judge were to handle each defendant’s re-arraignment separately, it would tie up hours of the courts valuable time. In the federal system, it’s important to understand that most cases do not end up in a jury trial where citizens listen to evidence and decide if someone is guilty or innocent. Most federal defendants plead guilty as part of a plea bargain with the government and then proceed to sentencing before a federal judge. This is a big difference... > Parents sometimes wonder if gifts count toward child support payments in Texas? The answer is no. Find out why in this article. - Published: 2023-07-18 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/gifts-count-toward-child-support/ Do Gifts Count Toward Child Support Payments in Texas? https://youtu. be/35AUisUERow Many parents wonder if gifts count toward child support payments in Texas. The short answer is no. In Texas, child support payments are based on a formula that considers the non-custodial parent's income and the number of children they have. Gifts are not considered part of this calculation, as they are not regular, ongoing expenses. Child support is meant to cover the day-to-day expenses of raising a child, such as food, housing, clothing and health insurance. While your children probably appreciate gifts, they do not go toward the ongoing costs of raising a child. That said, if you are struggling to make your child support payments, you may have legal options. You may be able to modify your child support order if your financial situation has changed since the original order was issued. A modification may be granted if there has been a "material and substantial change" in circumstances, such as a job loss or reduction in income. Ultimately, the most important thing is to ensure your children are cared for, even if that means making sacrifices in other areas of your life to pay child support. If you have concerns about your child support payments or need help modifying your child support order, it's important t speak with an experienced family law attorney. Our team has extensive experience handling child support cases in Texas. We can help you understand your legal rights and options and work to ensure that your children's needs are being met and your obligations are being fulfilled. https://youtu. be/-TeD8ei6WJo? feature=shared How Are Child Support Payments Calculated in Texas? Under the Texas Family Code, child support payments are calculated using a formula based on the income of both parents and the number of children they have. The formula considers the parent's gross income, which includes all income before taxes and other deductions. The calculation also considers any Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, and other deductions required by law. Additionally, certain expenses, such as health insurance premiums and childcare costs, may be factored into the calculation. The formula used to calculate child support in Texas is as follows: For one child: 20 percent of the non-custodial parent's net income For two children: 25 percent of the non-custodial parent's net income For three children: 30 percent of the non-custodial parent's net income For four children: 35 percent of the non-custodial parent's net income For five or more children: 40 percent of the non-custodial parent's net income The calculation is based on the non-custodial parent's income, meaning the parent with primary custody of the child is not factored into the calculation. However, the custodial parent's income may be considered if the non-custodial parent can demonstrate that the custodial parent's income is significantly higher than their own. How Child Support is Paid in Texas? According to the Texas Attorney General, there are six ways to pay child support including: Electronically Online By Mail Cash or Money Order Kiosk Locations... > Who foots the bill for Texas private school expenses after divorce? Texas law doesn't say. Our Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain in this article. - Published: 2023-07-18 - Modified: 2023-07-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/private-school-expenses-after-divorce/ Who Pays for Private School Expenses After Divorce in Texas? Thousands of parents send their children to expensive private schools in North Texas, but what happens when they get a divorce? Who foots the bill for private education? While the Texas Family Code has guidelines in place to help divorced parents navigate the child support process, it doesn't explicitly mandate coverage for private school tuition. Child support is generally intended to cover basic necessities such as food, clothing, and healthcare. Unfortunately, private school expenses after divorce fall into a gray area. And while the absence of clear-cut guidelines can complicate matters, it doesn't mean that a resolution can't be reached. Judges can order additional child support if the child was enrolled in private school before the divorce or, in some cases, even if the child has yet to enroll - but the parents agreed to provide a private education while married. In this post, our experienced Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain how private school expenses are generally handled in a Texas divorce, how some Texas judges have ruled in the past, and how Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help if you believe your child's private school tuition should be a part of the child support agreement. Child Support and Private School Expense After Divorce Child support in Texas is typically required until a child turns 18 or graduates from high school, whichever comes later. However, Texas child support laws do not explicitly cover private school expenses after divorce. That's why it's crucial for parents to address this issue during the divorce process. If possible, parents should try and reach an agreement - with the help of their attorneys and possibly a mediator - regarding who will be responsible for private school expenses after divorce or how they will be split up. If an agreement cannot be reached, then the issue may be settled in court - if the judge agrees to take up the matter. If so, the judge will review the facts of the case, consider the arguments from both sides, and make a decision based on the child's best interests. Factors such as the child's educational history, the parents' financial abilities, and any agreements made during the marriage about private education could play a significant role in the judge's decision. Private School Education Costs When discussing private school expenses after divorce, it's essential to consider the various costs associated with post-secondary education. These may include: Tuition and fees Books and supplies Transportation Divorced parents should determine each of their contributions to these costs, either through negotiation or mediation. Remembering that each parent's financial situation may change over time is essential, so flexibility and open communication are key. During the divorce process, the parents may negotiate and agree upon a division of costs for their child's private school education. This agreement should be included in the divorce decree or a separate written agreement. If the parents cannot agree, a court may determine who should pay for the private... > Our attorneys explain initial disclosures in Texas divorce and family law cases and why you have to turn over important documents and information. - Published: 2023-07-18 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/initial-disclosures-in-texas-family-law/ Understanding Initial Disclosures in Texas Family Law Cases Going through a Texas family court case can be an extremely stressful time - and also a seemingly invasive process. Under Texas law, the parties involved in a divorce or other family law case are required to exchange certain documents or information - which are called "initial disclosures" and are often personal. Initial disclosures in Texas family law cases are part of the discovery process and play a crucial role in ensuring fair and transparent proceedings. The goal is to prevent surprises later in the legal process and it also helps both parties and their attorneys prepare for negotiations, mediation, or trial. In this article, the experienced attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group explain initial disclosures in Texas family law cases and answer some frequently asked questions about this process. But first, please watch this informative video by Fort Worth family law attorney Laura Richardson. https://youtu. be/LAdkQ-EMuSo? feature=shared Initial Disclosures in Texas Family Law Cases Initial disclosures in Texas family law cases are a mandatory exchange of certain information between spouses or parties. Their primary purpose is to provide both parties with a clear understanding of each other's wishes, as well as income, assets, liabilities, expenses, and health coverage to help avoid surprises as the case progresses. These disclosures help facilitate negotiations, property division, spousal support, and decisions regarding child custody, visitation, and support. Initial disclosures are required under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. These rules ensure that each party has access to relevant information, enabling them to make informed decisions and negotiate settlements and agreements efficiently and effectively. Initial disclosures weren't always "required. " But that changed on Jan. 1, 2021, when Texas lawmakers modified Rule 194 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which includes Texas family law. The title of the rule was changed from "Requests" for Disclosure to "Required" Disclosures. In doing so, it required all parties in suits filed after Jan. 1, 2021, to provide specific information and documents to the other parties during the outset of a civil case. Cases filed before January 1, 2021, are governed by the old rule, which only requires information to be provided if properly requested in writing by another party. Required Initial Disclosures in Texas Family Law Cases The initial disclosures in Texas family law cases that are required are as follows: Names of the parties to the lawsuit (husband and wife or mother and father if the parties are unmarried); The name, address, and telephone number of any potential parties who might have a right to participate in the lawsuit, such as grandparents. The legal theories and, in general, the factual bases of the responding party's claims or defenses (our attorneys will prepare this). The amount and method of calculating support or damages (our attorneys will prepare this). The name, address, and telephone number of persons with knowledge of relevant facts and a brief statement of each identified person's connection to the case (people with knowledge of... > The federal safety valve could offer hope for a reduced sentence for someone facing a federal conviction. Call the Dallas office of Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2023-07-17 - Modified: 2023-07-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-safety-valve/ What is a federal safety valve in criminal cases? The federal safety valve refers to federal law 18 U. S. C. § 3553(f), which allows a sentencing court to disregard a statutory minimum sentence if a defendant meets specific criteria. The law benefits nonviolent offenders who cooperate with prosecutors. In theory, the federal safety valve provision was created to ensure low-level offenders in criminal drug organizations are not punished disproportionately. As we discuss in this article, exclusions can sometimes swallow the rule. Our federal defense team at Varghese Summersett has extensive experience using the safety valve provision. If you or a loved one is facing a federal charge, particularly in the Northern or Eastern Districts of Texas, we are here to help. Who qualifies for a federal safety valve sentence? Federal safety valves are an exception to mandatory minimum sentencing laws available per 18 U. S. C. 3553(f). If the defendant meets the requirements, they are exempt from the statutory minimum sentence of imprisonment and the statutory minimum term of supervised release. The safety valve option applies to convictions under specific U. S. code sections as long as the offender meets particular conditions. Safety valve requirements include: The defendant did not use violence or credible threats of violence or possess a firearm or other dangerous weapon (or induce another participant to do so) in connection with the offense; The offense did not result in death or serious bodily injury to any person; The defendant was not an organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor of others in the offense, as determined under the sentencing guidelines, and was not engaged in a continuing criminal enterprise, as defined in the Controlled Substances Act; and At a time no later than the sentencing hearing, the defendant has truthfully provided the government with all information and evidence concerning the offense(s) that was part of the same course of conduct, common scheme, or plan. What are the benefits of the federal safety valve provision in Dallas drug cases? Generally, the federal safety valve is geared towards drug crimes with mandatory minimum sentences, and the option provides two significant benefits to defendants convicted of these crimes. Lesser sentences The federal safety valve allows for sentences below a mandatory minimum on certain types of drug cases that carry mandatory minimum sentences. Mandatory sentences prevented judges from issuing lesser penalties even if the defendant’s guidelines were lower than the required minimum. The safety valve allows the judge to give a sentence less than the mandatory minimum. Two-point reduction The federal safety valve provision allows for a two-point reduction in total offense conduct. Federal sentencing guidelines act as a judge’s starting point when determining an appropriate sentence. Suggested sentencing ranges correspond to the defendant’s total offense score, and a two-point reduction in the score can significantly reduce the full sentence term. Which criminal offenses are eligible for safety valve sentences? Not all offenses with mandatory minimums qualify for Dallas federal safety valve relief. The criminal charges that qualify under 18 U.... > Have you wondered what the open container laws are in Texas? How to they apply in different situations? - Published: 2023-07-17 - Modified: 2023-07-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/open-container-laws/ What are the open container laws in Texas? Open container laws in Texas refer to statutes prohibiting the possession of open containers of alcohol in certain areas, most commonly within motor vehicles. An open container violation can be confirmed if the individual has an open container of alcohol in the passenger area of a vehicle, the vehicle is located on a public highway, and the vehicle is in operation or the person is in physical control of the vehicle. Implications of Open Container Laws The open container laws have direct implications for drivers and passengers. For drivers, having an open container in the vehicle could be suggestive of drinking and driving, even if their blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is below the legal limit. Passengers, while they are not in control of the vehicle, can still be charged if an open container is in their possession. What is an Open Container? Texas considers an open container to be a bottle, can, or other receptacle containing any amount of alcoholic beverage that is open, has a broken seal, or the contents of the container are partially removed. Corked bottles of wine and half-empty bottles of liquor would be considered open containers in Texas. Additionally, flasks or cups with lids, such as Yeti cups containing alcohol, would be considered open containers. OPEN CONTAINER ENHANCEMENT FOR DWIS IN TEXAS In Texas, the presence of an open container can significantly influence Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) charges. If a person is arrested for a DWI and has an open container in their vehicle, this could result in enhanced penalties, including an increased minimum jail sentence. Keep in mind, an officer is not required to add the enhancement, even if an open container was found in the vehicle. If an open container enhancement is added to a Driving While Intoxicated charge, it will increase the minimum time in jail from three to six days on a Class B misdemeanor. MUNICIPAL LAWS ON OPEN CONTAINERS IN TEXAS Aside from statewide laws, municipalities may enact their own laws regarding open containers in public areas. Some cities, for instance, might permit open containers in designated spaces, while others might impose stricter rules. It’s critical to understand the specific laws of the municipality where you are present. PENALTIES FOR VIOLATION OF OPEN CONTAINER LAWS IN TEXAS Driver Violation: If the driver of a vehicle is found to have an open container of alcohol in their immediate possession, the offense is considered a Class C misdemeanor for the driver. The punishment for a first-time violation is a fine of up to $500. Passenger Violation: If a passenger in a vehicle has an open container of alcohol, but the driver is not in violation, the offense is considered a Class C misdemeanor. The penalties for the passenger can include a fine of up to $500. Exceptions to the Rule There are certain situations where the open container law doesn’t apply, such as when the container is in a locked glove compartment, trunk, or... > Road rage is one the rise and Texas is a leading state for road rage incidents. Can you sue for road rage injuries or death? Find out in this article - Published: 2023-07-16 - Modified: 2023-07-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-you-sue-for-road-rage/ Road rage is a serious issue that can lead to devastating accidents and injuries. It's not just about angry drivers honking their horns or shouting obscenities. Road rage can escalate to dangerous driving behaviors that put everyone on the road at risk. But what happens when you're the victim of such an incident? Can you sue for road rage injuries arising out of a road rage incident? Let's delve into this topic. Defining Road Rage According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), road rage is defined as when a driver "commits moving traffic offenses so as to endanger other persons or property; an assault with a motor vehicle or other dangerous weapon by the operator or passenger of one motor vehicle on the operator or passengers of another motor vehicle. " This definition clearly distinguishes road rage from aggressive driving, with the former being a criminal charge and the latter a traffic offense. What is a Road Rage Accident? A road rage accident is a traffic incident that occurs due to aggressive behaviors exhibited by a driver. This could involve tailgating, speeding, weaving in and out of traffic, or even physical altercations. These actions can lead to serious accidents causing injuries or even fatalities. This article covers what you should know if you are wondering if you can sue for road rage injuries. Common Characteristics of Enraged Drivers Enraged drivers often exhibit behaviors such as excessive honking, tailgating, making rude gestures, or verbal abuse. They may also engage in dangerous driving behaviors such as speeding, running red lights, or cutting off other drivers. These actions not only put themselves at risk but also endanger other road users. How Common is Road Rage? Road rage is unfortunately a common occurrence on our roads. According to the NHTSA, 66% of traffic fatalities are caused by aggressive driving, and males under the age of 19 are the most likely to exhibit road rage. Injuries in Road Rage Accidents Road rage accidents can result in a wide range of injuries, from minor cuts and bruises to serious conditions like broken bones, traumatic brain injuries, and spinal cord injuries. In the worst cases, road rage incidents can lead to fatalities. Recent Examples of Road Rage Injuries and Accidents in Texas News Woman fatally shot after husband flipped off driver in road-rage event: In July 2023, a woman named Paola Núñez Linares was fatally shot in a road rage incident in Texas after her husband flipped off another driver. Threat of road rage lingers in North Texas after recent shootings: At least three people have died in suspected road rage shootings across North Texas since March 2023. Woman fatally shot in an apparent road-rage incident in Texas: A woman was fatally shot in the head on a Fort Worth, Texas, area road in a reported road rage incident in July 2023. Texas has more fatal road rage shootings than any other state: According to a report by Jerry, the car insurance savings app, Texas... > A sexless marriage is a tough place to be and can lead to thoughts of divorce. We explore sexless marriage and divorce as wells as ways to avoid a divorce. - Published: 2023-07-11 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sexless-marriage-and-divorce/ A sexless marriage alone is not grounds for divorce in Texas, but it can contribute to the overall discord that makes your marriage unsupportable. If you have tried therapy, honest communication, and genuine effort to reconnect but nothing has changed, it may be time to consider your options. Texas is a no-fault divorce state, meaning you can end your marriage by simply stating it has become insupportable due to conflict or personality differences. The decision to leave a marriage due to lack of intimacy is deeply personal. This article explains how Texas law treats sexless marriages, when divorce might be the right choice, and what steps to take if you decide to move forward. What Is a Sexless Marriage? Researchers typically define a sexless marriage as one with fewer than 10 sexual encounters per year. However, this definition does not account for each partner's individual needs and desires, which vary greatly from couple to couple. For some, a decrease in frequency may not cause concern. For others, it leads to deep frustration and emotional pain. Studies suggest that 15 to 20 percent of marriages fall into this category. While this number may seem high, a sexless marriage does not automatically mean an unhappy relationship. Many couples in sexless marriages report strong emotional connections and mutual respect. The issue becomes problematic when one or both partners feel rejected, lonely, or dissatisfied because of the lack of physical intimacy. What Causes a Sexless Marriage? Several factors can lead to a sexless marriage. Medical issues such as hormonal imbalances, chronic illness, or medication side effects can decrease sexual desire. Emotional disconnection from unresolved conflicts, poor communication, or past trauma also plays a significant role. Stress from work, financial pressures, or the demands of raising children can create physical and emotional exhaustion that leaves little energy for intimacy. Differences in sexual desire between partners can further contribute to the problem. One spouse may want intimacy more frequently than the other, leading to feelings of rejection on one side and pressure on the other. When couples cannot openly discuss their needs and desires, the gap between them often widens over time. How Does a Sexless Marriage Affect Mental Health? The impact of a sexless marriage extends beyond the bedroom. It can lead to feelings of rejection, low self-esteem, and deep relationship dissatisfaction. The lack of physical intimacy often creates emotional distance between partners, breaking down communication and connection. This can result in loneliness, isolation, and in some cases, depression or anxiety. Both men and women may question their attractiveness or desirability when intimacy disappears from their relationship. This can damage self-image and create resentment that spills into other areas of the marriage. Regular sexual activity has also been linked to health benefits including reduced stress, better sleep, and improved cardiovascular health, meaning the absence of intimacy may affect overall well-being. Is a Sexless Marriage Grounds for Divorce in Texas? Texas does not recognize a sexless marriage as specific grounds for divorce. Unlike some states that... > If you voluntarily terminate parental rights in Texas, it does not erase past-due child support. Learn more. - Published: 2023-07-11 - Modified: 2023-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/voluntarily-terminate-parental-rights/ What Does it Mean to Voluntarily Terminate Parental Rights? Terminating parental rights is a legal process that permanently severs the legal relationship between a parent and their child. This means the parent no longer has any rights or responsibilities towards the child, including the right to make decisions about their upbringing, education, or medical care. Additionally, the parent will no longer have the right to visitation or custody. From time to time, we have cases where a parent wants to voluntarily terminate parental rights because they are behind on child support. It's important to understand that while terminating parental rights will end child support obligations, it will not erase any debt or past-due child support that are already owed. In this article, our Fort Worth family law attorneys explain the voluntary termination of parental rights in Texas, including answering some frequently asked questions about this process which can have lasting implications that should be carefully considered. Can You Voluntarily Terminate Parental Rights in Texas? In Texas, a parent can voluntarily relinquish their parental rights, but this process is not as simple as just signing a form. The Texas Family Code requires that certain conditions be met before a court will consider accepting a voluntary termination of parental rights. Requirements to Voluntarily Terminate Parental Rights in Texas A petition must be filed with the court The parent seeking to relinquish their rights must file a petition in the appropriate court, explaining the reasons for the request and demonstrating that it is in the child's best interest. Best interest of the child The court must find that the termination of parental rights is in the child's best interest. This may involve considering factors such as the child's emotional and physical well-being, the parent's ability to provide care and support, and the stability of the child's current living situation. Adoption In many cases, voluntary termination of parental rights in Texas is only granted if a prospective adoptive parent is willing to assume the relinquishing parent's legal responsibilities. Parental consent Both parents must consent to the termination unless the other parent's rights have already been terminated or the court has determined that the other parent's consent is not necessary. What Happens When You Sign Over Parental Rights in Texas? When a parent's rights are terminated, they lose all legal rights and responsibilities towards the child. This means they are no longer responsible for child support, and they cannot make decisions about the child's upbringing, education, or medical care. However, it is important to understand that terminating parental rights does not erase any past-due child support owed by the parent. The debt remains, and the parent is still responsible for paying it off. Can I Voluntarily Terminate Parental Rights If I Owe Child Support in Texas? Again, while it is possible to voluntarily terminate parental rights in Texas, doing so will not eliminate any child support obligations that are already owed. Texas law views child support as a right of the child, not the parent.... > Contact Varghese Summersett's Family Law Group to learn more about the Holley Factors in Texas parental termination cases, what they are, and their importance. - Published: 2023-07-11 - Modified: 2023-07-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/holley-factors-in-texas-parental-termination-cases/ Understanding the Holley Factors in Texas Parental Termination Cases In Texas, a parent can have their parental rights terminated, but this is a serious matter that judges take extremely seriously. To guide them in their decision, the court must consider the "best interests of the child. " For guidance, they turn to the "Holley Factors" - a set of criteria established in the 1976 Texas Supreme Court case, Holley v. Adams, which are used to determine the best interests of the child in parental termination proceedings. Holley factors in Texas parental termination cases provide a framework for judges to use while weighing their decisions. In this article, the experienced attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group explain the origin of the Holley Factors in Texas parental termination cases and how Texas courts use them to determine whether or not to terminate a parent's rights. Background and History of Holley v. Adams Holley v. Adams, 544 S. W. 2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976), is a landmark case in Texas family law that established the Holley factors in Texas parental termination cases. In that case, David Adams attempted to have the parental rights terminated for the mother of his son, Nanci Holley, who he had divorced. Adams wanted his second wife to have custody in the event that he died, not the child's biological mother. The Texas Supreme Court found there wasn't significant evidence supporting the termination of the rights of the child's mother. Additionally, the court found that termination was not in the best interest of the child. The "best interest" standard is the reason this case is important. The court recognized the need to create a list of factors to help determine the best interests of the child in parental termination cases. (See the list below. ) The Court also held that its list of standards for what constitutes the best interest of the child is not exhaustive. Holley Factors: Best Interests of the Child The Holley factors in parental termination cases are a list of considerations the court uses to determine the best interests of the child. These factors include: The desires of the child The emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future The emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future The parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody The programs available to assist these individuals to promote the best interest of the child The plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency seeking custody The stability of the home or proposed placement The acts or omissions of the parent that may indicate the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one Any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent These factors are used in conjunction with Texas child custody law to determine the outcome of parental termination cases. The "Holley factors" and "best interests of the child" are related but not identical. The "best interest of the child" is a legal principle used... > The main role of the Texas Attorney General in Child Support Cases is to ensure that financial support is being provided to the child. Learn more. - Published: 2023-07-09 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-attorney-general-in-child-support-cases/ When a parent has issues with child support in Texas, they often turn to the Texas Attorney General's Office for help. The Texas Attorney General is the state's chief law enforcement officer and is responsible for establishing and enforcing child support orders and ensuring that parents are providing financial support for their children. In this article, we discuss the role of the Office of the Texas Attorney General in child support cases, what they will (and will not do), and the advantages of hiring a private attorney in a child support case. The Role of the Texas Attorney General - in General The Office of the Attorney General (OAG) in Texas serves as the chief legal and law enforcement office for the state. Led by the Texas Attorney General, the OAG has various responsibilities and functions that help protect and serve the citizens of Texas. While the primary purpose of this article is to explain the role of the Texas Attorney General in child support cases, we thought it was important to first give you an overview of the OAG in general. In Texas, the OAG:Represents the state in civil litigationThe OAG defends the state's legal interests in civil lawsuits, either by representing state agencies or officials or by initiating legal action on behalf of the state. Provides legal advice to state agencies and officialsThe Attorney General issues legal opinions to guide state agencies, officials, and, in some cases, local governments on matters related to Texas law and the Constitution. Criminal prosecutions and appealsThe OAG assists local prosecutors in handling complex criminal cases and represents the state in criminal appeals, particularly in death penalty cases. Enforcing consumer protection lawsThe OAG investigates and takes legal action against individuals or businesses engaged in fraudulent, deceptive, or unlawful practices that harm Texas consumers. Protecting the rights of vulnerable citizensThe OAG works to safeguard the rights and well-being of vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, disabled, and victims of human trafficking. Environmental protectionThe Attorney General's office enforces environmental laws and regulations to protect the state's natural resources and public health. Child support enforcementThe Texas Attorney General's Child Support Division helps parents establish, enforce, and modify child support orders to ensure that children receive the financial support they need. These are just a few examples of the wide range of responsibilities and duties performed by the Office of the Attorney General in Texas. The OAG works closely with federal, state, and local authorities to uphold the law and ensure the safety and well-being of all Texans. As mentioned, this article will deal primarily with the role of the attorney general in child support cases. The Role of the Texas Attorney General in Child Support CasesThe Texas Attorney General's office has a Child Support Division, which is responsible for helping parents establish and enforce child support orders. The Division's primary goal is to ensure that children receive the financial support they need from their parents. This is achieved by working with parents to establish paternity, calculate... > Divorcing a mentally ill spouse in Texas has its own unique challenges. Here's what you need to know about child custody, property division, and support. - Published: 2023-07-06 - Modified: 2023-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorcing-a-mentally-ill-spouse-in-texas/ Divorce is difficult for everyone involved, but when a spouse is suffering from mental illness, it can be even more challenging. It's important to understand how mental illness can affect divorce in Texas - emotionally, financially, and legally. Mental illness can cause significant problems in any marriage. The spouse with the mental health issue may have difficulty communicating effectively or maintaining relationships with their spouse, children, or other family members. They may experience mood swings, changes in behavior, and difficulty with decision-making and stability. These issues can lead to conflict, which can be difficult to resolve and lead to divorce. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain the process of divorcing a mentally ill spouse in Texas and how mental health can affect child custody, property division, and child support. We will also answer some frequently asked questions about this difficult, but very important, family law matter. Mental Illness and Grounds for Divorce in Texas Texas is a no-fault divorce state, which means one spouse does not have to show the other did anything wrong to be granted a divorce. They can cite "insupportability," which is just a fancy way of saying that the marriage has become insupportable due to conflict or discord and that the marriage can't be repaired. Some people also refer to this as "irreconcilable differences. " However, Texas does also recognize fault-based grounds for divorce, which can be found in Chapter 6 of the Texas Family Code and includes: Cruelty Adultery Conviction of a Felony Abandonment Living Apart Confinement in a Mental Hospital As you can see, "mental illness" is not specifically listed as a grounds for divorce in Texas, however, it can be the root cause of an actual ground. For example, people suffering from mental illness may be convicted of a crime, exhibit cruel behavior, or be confined to a mental hospital. If a judge grants a divorce based on one of these grounds, it can impact child custody, property division, and other matters. The spouse who proves the "ground" for divorce may receive a more favorable outcome, as the court has a reason to deviate from the standard equal division of marital property. Similarly, the court may consider the conduct of the at-fault spouse when determining spousal support and child custody arrangements. That's why if you a divorcing a mentally ill spouse in Texas, it may be beneficial to cite specific grounds for divorce. At the very least, it should be a discussion between you and your divorce attorney. Confinement in a Mental Hospital and Divorcing a Mentally Ill Spouse in Texas As mentioned, confinement in a state or private mental hospital is a possible grounds for divorce in Texas. According to Section 6. 007 of the Texas the Texas Family Code, if a spouse has been confined in a mental hospital for at least three years and it appears that their mental disorder is of such a degree and nature that adjustment is unlikely or that, if adjustment occurs,... > Learn about living together in the marital home during divorce proceedings in Texas and how Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help. Call us at 817-900-3220. - Published: 2023-07-05 - Modified: 2026-07-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/marital-home-during-divorce/ The Texas Divorce Process and Staying in the Marital Home The marital home is often one of the most contested assets in a Texas divorce. Under Texas divorce laws, the marital home is usually considered community property and, therefore, subject to division. But what if both spouses want to live in the marital home during divorce proceedings? In this post, we'll explain how the marital home is viewed under Texas law, your options if you and your spouse want to remain living in the marital home during Texas divorce proceedings, and how our team at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help you through this time in your life. But first, please watch this informative video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton regarding what happens to the marital home during a divorce. https://youtu. be/m8mNKBkaRnA? si=G5lfw4WyWpzna_Lq Living Together During Texas Divorce There are various reasons why spouses may choose to live together during a Texas divorce, such as financial constraints or for the sake of their children. However, it is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of cohabitating in the marital home during Texas divorce proceedings. One advantage is the potential cost savings of maintaining a single household. Conversely, living together during a divorce can be emotionally challenging and may lead to increased conflicts. In some cases, the court may grant exclusive possession of the marital home to one spouse if there is a history of family violence or if living together is not in the children's best interest. How Can Spouses Stay in the Marital Home During Divorce Proceedings in Texas? If both spouses want to remain in the marital home during divorce proceedings, they may face some challenges. However, it's not impossible. Here are some potential options: Reach an agreement The spouses can try to discuss and reach a mutual agreement about how to share the marital home during the divorce process. This could involve establishing boundaries, allocating responsibilities, and creating schedules for shared spaces. They should put any agreed-upon terms in writing. Nesting arrangement A "nesting" arrangement is an alternative solution where the children remain in the marital home, and the parents take turns living there with the children. This allows for minimal disruption to the children's lives during the divorce process. The parents need to agree on a schedule and any rules or expectations for this arrangement. Temporary orders If the spouses cannot reach an agreement, they may request the court to issue temporary orders. These orders can address matters like possession of the marital home, child custody, and financial support. When making these decisions, the court will consider the children's best interests and the parties' needs. Mediation If the spouses cannot agree, they can participate in mediation. A neutral third party (the mediator) will help them negotiate and find a solution that works for both parties. Court intervention If all else fails and the parties are unable to reach an agreement, they may need to bring the issue before the court. The judge will... > Car accident injuries can vary in severity and type. Our personal injury lawyer explains the types of injuries a person might have after a car wreck. - Published: 2023-07-05 - Modified: 2023-07-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/car-accident-injuries/ Car accident injuries are a far too common reality of our fast-paced world. Car accidents often leave behind not just damaged vehicles and property but also a myriad of physical injuries and emotional trauma. The aftermath can be a whirlwind of stress, pain, and confusion. In this comprehensive guide, we aim to shed light on the most common injuries that can occur after a car accident, from immediate physical harm to the less visible but equally impactful emotional distress. Beyond the most common car accident injuries, we will also discuss how to get help after an accident. It might come as a surprise that your primary care provider won't be able to see you as a covered patient if the injuries stem from a car accident. Whether you've been in an accident yourself or know someone who has, understanding these potential injuries can be a crucial part of the recovery process. Abdominal Injuries Abdominal injuries are a serious concern following a car accident. They can involve damage to organs such as the liver, spleen, kidneys, or intestines. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and internal bleeding. It's crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience any discomfort or pain in the abdominal area after an accident, as internal injuries may not be immediately apparent. Treatment can range from medication and rest to surgery, depending on the severity of the injury. It's also important to follow all medical advice and take time to heal, as rushing recovery can lead to complications. Amputations Car accidents can sometimes result in traumatic amputations, where a limb is severed during the accident itself, or surgical amputations, where a limb is so severely damaged that it must be surgically removed. This is a life-changing event that requires immediate medical attention, followed by a period of physical and psychological rehabilitation. Prosthetic limbs and physical therapy can help amputees regain mobility and independence. Support groups and mental health professionals can also provide emotional support during this challenging time. Ankle Injuries Ankle injuries can occur in car accidents due to the force of the impact or the twisting motion during the crash. These injuries can range from sprains and strains to fractures. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and difficulty walking. Immediate medical attention is necessary to properly diagnose and treat the injury. Treatment may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy, or in severe cases, surgery. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions for recovery to prevent long-term damage. Arm Injuries Arm injuries in car accidents can include fractures, dislocations, sprains, and cuts. These injuries can result from the impact of the crash or from being hit by debris. Immediate medical attention is necessary to treat these injuries and prevent further complications. Treatment may involve setting the bone, wearing a cast or splint, taking pain medication, and undergoing physical therapy. It's important to rest the injured arm and follow all medical advice to ensure a full recovery. Back Injuries Back injuries are common in car accidents... > There is a meaningful distinction between Public Lewdness vs. Indecent Exposure in Texas. Learn about the charges and your best defense. - Published: 2023-06-30 - Modified: 2023-06-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/public-lewdness-vs-indecent-exposure/ Is it Illegal to Have Sex in Public in Texas? Understanding Texas Public Lewdness and Indecent Exposure Laws In Texas, having sex in public is illegal under the provisions of public lewdness and indecent exposure laws. Public lewdness is defined in the Texas Penal Code Section 21. 07 as knowingly engaging in any of the following acts in a public place or where others are present and could be offended or alarmed: An act of sexual intercourse An act of deviate sexual intercourse An act of sexual contact An act involving contact between the person's mouth or genitals and the anus or genitals of an animal or fowl Texas public lewdness and indecent exposure offenses carry different but serious penalties. Public Lewdness Charges and Penalties in Texas Public lewdness charges are typically filed as Class A misdemeanors in Texas. If convicted, you could face up to one year in jail and a fine of up to $4,000. Additionally, a conviction can result in a permanent criminal record, potentially affecting your employment, housing, and other aspects of your life. Defenses Against Public Lewdness Charges in Texas Although facing public lewdness charges can be stressful, potential defenses are available. Some possible defenses include: Insufficient evidence to prove the elements of the offense; Mistaken identity or false accusation; The act occurred in a private setting where others would not reasonably be expected to observe it. Each case is unique, and a skilled attorney at Varghese Summersett can assess the circumstances and develop a strong defense strategy tailored to your specific situation. What is Indecent Exposure under Texas law? Indecent exposure, defined under Texas Penal Code Section 21. 08, is another relevant law when discussing sex in public. It covers several acts, including exposure of one's genitals with the intent to arouse or gratify sexual desire and engaging in sexual contact in the presence of a minor (under 17 years of age) or a person who is unaware of the conduct. Indecent exposure (or public indecency) is classified as a Class B misdemeanor, with penalties that include up to 180 days in jail, a fine of up to $2,000, or both. Examples of Public Lewdness and Indecent Exposure Cases Example 1: A couple is caught having sex in a public park. They could be charged with public lewdness due to engaging in sexual intercourse in a public place. Example 2: An individual exposes their genitals to another person in a public restroom with the intent to arouse sexual desire. This act could lead to indecent exposure charges.   Defending Against Public Lewdness Charges A skilled criminal defense attorney can help you fight public lewdness charges by examining the evidence and developing a strong defense strategy. Potential defenses include: Insufficient evidence to prove the act occurred in a public place or within view of others; Lack of intent or knowledge of the act being visible or offensive to others; Mistaken identity or false accusations. At Varghese Summersett, our experienced attorneys will vigorously defend your rights... > Attorney Ty Stimpson was honored by the State Bar of Texas for his yearlong role in LeadershipSBOT. Learn more about this prestigous recognition. - Published: 2023-06-27 - Modified: 2023-06-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ty-stimpson-honored-by-state-bar-of-texas/ Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, was recently honored by the State Bar of Texas for his yearlong role in LeadershipSBOT – a prominent program that recruits, trains, and retains lawyers for leadership positions in the legal community and beyond. Stimpson was recognized on June 22 during the State Bar of Texas Annual Meeting in Austin along with 19 other lawyers who were selected to represent the 2022-2023 LeadershipSBOT Class. Each year, the State Bar of Texas identifies leaders from across the state who are committed to serving their communities and the profession and reflect the diversity of the state. "It was such an honor to serve in the 2022-2023 Leadership SBOT Class," Stimpson said. "I am grateful for the opportunity to collaborate with colleagues from different practice areas and diverse cultural, ethnic, and geographic backgrounds. We were challenged to examine what is expected of leaders and discover how to best engage in public involvement and be effective in the community and in the profession. I look forward to continuing the conversations and connecting with new leaders in this program for years to come. " Throughout his yearlong tenure, Stimpson attended meetings with classmates from across Texas and collaborated to create a service project that he presented at the State Bar of Texas Annual Meeting. This year's service project focused on engaging with students from across the state to discuss various topics, including becoming first-generation attorneys and widening the pathway to the legal profession. The 2022-2023 SBOT Leadership Class presented to 656 students in the state, including 10 schools, 8 school districts, and 2 universities. "Sharing our knowledge and experience with students, many of whom have never met or encountered a lawyer, is always rewarding," Stimpson said. "My hope is that our message of professionalism and commitment to helping others resonates with them and inspires future generations. " Stimpson is a highly regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, where he focuses on complex, catastrophic injury cases. He seeks justice for victims who have been wrongfully injured or killed due to the negligence of an individual or corporation. He is equally passionate outside the courtroom, where he is actively involved in the legal and local community. He serves on numerous boards, committees, task forces, and commissions and has made significant contributions to the North Texas community. Earlier this month, he received the 2023 Dr. Marion J. Brooks “Legend in the Making” Award for Law - a prestigious award that honors civic and community leaders who are making their mark in Tarrant County. "Ty has a passion for justice and helping others, which is evident in his work inside and outside the courtroom," said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. "He goes above and beyond for his clients, his colleagues, and the community. He is the epitome of a leader. " > Attorney Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is the recipient of the 2023 Dr. Marion J. Brooks Legend in the Making Award for Law. - Published: 2023-06-20 - Modified: 2023-06-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/ty-stimpson-receives-legend-in-the-making-award/ Ty Stimpson, a partner at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, is the recipient of the 2023 Dr. Marion J. Brooks Legend in the Making Award for Law — a prestigious award that honors civic and community leaders who are making their mark in Tarrant County. Stimpson was honored with five other award recipients on Friday, June 17, at the 29th Annual Dr. Marion J. Brooks Living Legends Award Ceremony at the Palmwood Event Center in downtown Fort Worth. The awards — presented by the Beta Tau Lambda Charitable Foundation and the Beta Tau Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity — honor Tarrant County leaders who have exemplified excellence in their chosen vocation and provided great service to the community. “I work each day to serve my community, to serve my clients, and to serve my family — so to be honored for that truly means a lot,” Stimpson said during his acceptance speech. “To be in a room with so many esteemed community members and civic leaders is, in and of itself, an honor. ” Named after the legendary physician Dr. Marion J. Brooks, the event highlights the accomplishments and contributions of members of the Tarrant County community across various fields. The “Living Legend” award honors deserving individuals 65 and older who have spent a lifetime achieving excellence and have earned legendary status. The “Legend in the Making” award recognizes young professionals who are well on their way. The 2023 Living Legends honorees were Dr. Barbara Odom-Wesley (Health Education); Dr. John L. Barnett Jr. (Medicine and Philanthropy); and Dr. Arlene Barnett (Medicine and Philanthropy). The 2023 Legend in the Making honorees were Kandice Boutte (Government); Crystal Brown (Health); and Ty Stimpson (Law). Stimpson is a highly regarded trial attorney who leads Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, where he combines his passion for the law with his passion for helping people who have had their lives shattered through no fault of their own. He seeks justice for victims who have been wrongfully injured or killed and works tirelessly to ensure that their rights are protected, and voices are heard. Stimpson is equally passionate outside the legal arena, where he is devoted to a life of service to others. He serves on numerous boards, committees, task forces, and commissions and has made significant contributions to the North Texas community. Ty and Jordan Stimpson “When Ty is not in the office or the courtroom, you will find him out in his community, giving back in any way he can,” said Benson Varghese, managing partner of Varghese Summersett. “He is the epitome of a servant leader, and I cannot think of anyone more deserving of the ‘Legend in the Making’ award. ” During his acceptance speech, Stimpson thanked his wife, Jordan, and his mother, Linda, for their sacrifices and contributions to his success. He then left the audience with a charge. "Let’s push each other to excel to new levels and reach greater heights as individuals and as a community," Stimpson said. "Let... > Both the AMBER Alert and Athena Alert save children's lives, but there are distinct differences between the two. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2023-06-14 - Modified: 2023-06-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-between-amber-alert-and-athena-alert/ Both the AMBER Alert and Athena Alert help save children’s lives. Both alerts started in Texas and stemmed from tragic events. Yet, the AMBER Alert and Athena Alert accomplish very different things. In this article, we will look at the differences between the two alerts and why we need them both. The AMBER Alert Amber Hagerman (Image Via Unseen/YouTube) The AMBER Alert is named after Amber Rene Hagerman. Amber was just 9 years old when she went missing while riding her bike on a chilly January day in 1996 in Arlington, Texas, a busy suburb between Dallas and Fort Worth. Despite the community’s best efforts to locate her, Amber was found murdered two days later. Her case remains unsolved, but her legacy lives on through the AMBER Alert. The AMBER Alert is a state-wide alert that is issued when a child is known to have been abducted. The state’s AMBER coordinator can extend the alert to other states if there is reason to believe the child may be taken outside of the state where he or she was kidnapped. Although it started in Texas, the AMBER Alert has been implemented nationwide, extending across all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Indian territories. The alert system is designed to mobilize communities when a child is abducted, broadcasting alerts through various channels, including radio, television, road signs, cell phones, and other data-enabled devices. The AMBER Alert has saved hundreds of children’s lives, turning a heartbreaking event into a beacon of hope for the families of other missing children. The Athena Alert The Athena Alert is named after Athena Presley Monroe Strand. On November 30, 2022, police were alerted that Athena was missing from her father’s driveway in Paradise, Texas – a rural community in Wise County. Because it was not yet known that Athena had been abducted, an AMBER Alert could not be issued. It was not until nearly 24 hours later when law enforcement was able to issue the AMBER Alert – but by then, it was too late. Tragically, on December 2, 2022, Athena’s body was found nine miles away. She has been kidnapped and murdered by a FedEx driver who had been to her father’s home to deliver what would have been her Christmas present – a box of “You Can Be Anything” Barbies. That distinction between a child who is missing and a child who is known to have been abducted is an important one. The AMBER Alert has an intentionally high threshold because the alert is issued state-wide. The Athena Alert was born out of the need for a more immediate alert to be sent to a smaller geographic area – without confirmation of an abduction. In fact, the idea was conceived by Athena’s mother, Maitlyn Gandy, in her moment of greatest despair. An Athena Alert is an immediate and localized alert that can go out as soon as law enforcement knows a child is missing. The threshold for the Athena Alert is only that the... > Former President Donald Trump has been indicted over his handling of classified documents after he left the White House. Learn about the Trump federal indictment. - Published: 2023-06-12 - Modified: 2023-07-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/donald-trump-federal-indictment/ The classified documents case against former President Donald Trump has been dismissed by the presiding federal judge. U. S. District Judge Aileen Cannon dismissed the case on July 15, 2024, after ruling that the appointment of special counsel, Jack Smith, had violated the Constitution. Judge Aileen M. Cannon found that because Smith had not been named to the post of special counsel by the president or confirmed by the Senate, his appointment violated the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution. This ruling came after a hearing where Trump and his supporters pressed this argument. The dismissal of the case is a significant development in the legal proceedings against former President Donald Trump. Judge Cannon, who was appointed by Trump, cited Justice Clarence Thomas' separate opinion in a recent Supreme Court immunity ruling, which raised questions about the lawfulness of Smith's appointment. This decision has immediate implications for the case, as it effectively halts the prosecution of Trump for allegedly mishandling classified documents after leaving the White House. However, it's important to note that this may not be the end of the matter. Special counsel Jack Smith has the option to appeal the dismissal, and the Supreme Court may ultimately be called upon to determine the constitutionality of Smith's appointment. The ruling has sparked debate in legal circles and could have far-reaching consequences for the authority of special counsels in future cases. What federal crimes was Trump charged with in the Classified Documents Case? Former U. S. President Donald Trump was federally indicted on June 8, 2023, over his handling of classified documents after he left the White House, marking the first time in history that an ex-president faces federal criminal charges. The indictment came two months after Trump was indicted on state charges by a New York grand jury for allegedly falsifying business records in connection with hush money paid to an adult film actress. The federal charges differed in many respects from the New York charges and carried more severe legal consequences. The former president has denied wrongdoing in both cases and maintains that he is the victim of political persecution. The 44-page indictment was filed in U. S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida. It lists 37 counts against Trump and also names Waltine Nauta, a Trump aide who worked as a White House valet and later served as his "body man," as a co-conspirator. The charges include: 31 counts of willful retention of classified documents, a violation of the Espionage Act; 1 count of conspiracy to obstruct justice; 1 count of withholding a document or record; 1 count of corruptly concealing a document or record; 1 count of concealing a document in a federal investigation; 1 count of a scheme to conceal; and 1 count of making false statements and representations. The charges carry various maximum penalties - ranging from 5 years in prison to 20 years in prison. What led to the Trump federal indictment? Shortly after Trump left office in January 2021,... > Child custody evaluations in Texas help courts make informed decisions about child custody and visitation. Lean more about this extremely important process. - Published: 2023-06-02 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-custody-evaluations-in-texas/ A child custody evaluation in Texas is a professional assessment conducted by a licensed social worker or mental health expert to help the court determine what custody arrangement serves the child's best interests. The evaluator interviews both parents, observes parent-child interactions, reviews records, and conducts home visits before submitting a report with recommendations to the judge. Child custody disputes can be difficult for everyone involved. When deciding which parent should be granted legal custody, Texas courts must consider the "best interest" of the child. But how does the judge get a full and impartial picture of both parents, their living situations, and the child's needs? This is where a custody evaluator comes in. In Texas, a judge can appoint a child custody evaluator, or the parties can hire a private evaluator, to conduct a thorough assessment of both parents, their home environment, and anyone involved in the child's life. The goal is to give the judge an accurate and unbiased view of both parties to help in the decision-making process. In this article, our Fort Worth attorneys discuss child custody evaluations in Texas, their importance, and what to expect if you're facing one. But first, please watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton. Why Are Child Custody Evaluations Important in Texas? Custody evaluations provide an unbiased, professional assessment of what arrangement serves the child's best interests. Conducted by a neutral third party, they help the court make informed decisions about child custody and visitation. Their purpose is to give the judge a complete picture of the family situation. The custody evaluation can play a significant role in determining the outcome of your case. If an evaluator is involved in your case and coming to your home, it's essential to put your best foot forward. What Does a Child Custody Evaluator Do? Custody evaluators are social workers or mental health professionals who specialize in child and family dynamics. Their primary responsibility is to assess the best interests of the child and provide recommendations to the court. Their duties include: Observing parent-child interactions during home visits Reviewing medical records, school records, and financial documents Conducting background checks on both parents Interviewing parents, children, and other significant people in the child's life Assessing the mental and emotional health of all parties Evaluating the stability and safety of each parent's home Completing detailed reports with their findings and recommendations Testifying in family court hearings about their findings What Qualifications Must a Texas Custody Evaluator Have? Child custody evaluators in Texas must meet specific qualifications under Section 107. 104 of the Texas Family Code. These requirements ensure evaluators have the expertise to perform thorough assessments. Education: A custody evaluator must have at least a master's degree in counseling, family therapy, psychology, social work, or another related field from an accredited institution. Licensure: The evaluator must be licensed or certified by the appropriate state agency, such as the Texas State Board of Examiners of Psychologists, Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors,... > Economic damages in Texas personal injury cases cover the injured party's medical bills, lost wages and more. Learn more. - Published: 2023-06-01 - Modified: 2023-07-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/economic-damages-in-texas-personal-injury-cases/ Every day people are injured in serious, even catastrophic, accidents in Texas. Wrecks, falls, fires, explosions, animal bites... the list of unexpected tragedies is endless. One minute someone is healthy and carefree, the next they are in the emergency room wondering what happened and if their life will ever be the same. Fortunately, Texas law allows victims who have been hurt due to someone else's negligence to seek damages - that is, monetary compensation - for the harm they have suffered. There are different types of damages in Texas personal injury cases, but the most common are economic damages - and that's the type that will be the focus of this article. Our experienced attorneys at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group will explain economic damages in Texas personal injury cases, including what they cover, how they are calculated, and how our law firm can help get you the maximum compensation you deserve. Types of Economic Damages in Texas Personal Injury Cases Economic damages in Texas personal injury cases are codified in Section 41. 001 (4) of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code. It defines economic damages as "compensatory damages intended to compensate a claimant for actual economic or pecuniary loss. " In layman's terms, economic damages in Texas personal injury cases are intended to compensate a plaintiff (the injured person) for financial losses caused by someone else's negligence, recklessness, or intentional wrongdoing. Economic damages are tangible, quantifiable losses - in other words, they can be accurately measured, such as lost wages or medical bills. Economic damages in Texas personal injury cases include: Medical Expenses These can involve costs for ambulance services, hospital stays, surgeries, physical therapy, rehabilitation, medication, and any necessary medical equipment like wheelchairs or prosthetics. Future Medical Costs If the injury requires ongoing medical treatment or long-term care, those future costs are also considered. Lost Wages If the injury causes the victim to miss work, the wages lost during that time are recoverable. Loss of Earning Capacity If the injury results in a long-term or permanent disability that reduces the victim's ability to earn as much as they did before the accident, they can claim compensation for this loss. Property Damage If the incident caused damage to the victim's property, such as a vehicle in a car accident, the cost of repair or replacement is included. Other Out-of-Pocket Expenses This can include any other costs directly related to the injury, such as transportation to medical appointments or hiring help for household duties the victim can't perform due to the injury. If you are pursuing a personal injury claim, it is essential to have an experienced attorney handle your case so that you can receive the full amount of compensation for which you are entitled. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we will calculate all of your economic damages, including past and future medical costs, lost wages, and loss of earning capacity to ensure you are adequately compensated for your losses now. You only get one chance to... > If you were injured in a crash caused by a negligent or reckless driver's lane change, call 817-207-4878 for a free consultation with a Fort Worth lane change crash attorney. - Published: 2023-05-31 - Modified: 2023-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-lane-change-laws/ It’s a daily occurrence on North Texas freeways: Drivers weaving in and out of traffic by abruptly changing lanes without looking or signaling appropriately. Unfortunately, these careless lane changes often lead to serious accidents that can cause catastrophic injuries and, even fatalities. If you or a loved one has been injured in a crash due to another driver’s abrupt lane change, it’s imperative to contact an experienced Fort Worth personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. You may be entitled to substantial compensation for medical bills, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, our attorneys have a deep understanding of the complexities involved in lane change crashes. In these types of cases, it’s not uncommon for both drivers to try and claim the other was at fault. We will get to the truth of your accident by thoroughly investigating, reviewing all available evidence, and working to build a strong case on your behalf. We will fight for the justice and compensation you deserve. In this article, our Fort Worth lane change crash attorney explains Texas lane change laws, how we establish fault in these types of cases, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. Importantly, we work on contingency, which means you will not owe any legal fees unless we secure a successful outcome. We will never add to your financial or emotional burden. Texas Lane Change Laws Texas lane-changing laws are designed to ensure the safety of drivers and passengers on the road. These laws can be found in the Texas Transportation Code, specifically in Chapter 545, which deals with the operation and movement of vehicles. Here’s a detailed explanation of Texas lane-changing laws: Signaling the intention to change lanes (§ 545. 104): When a driver intends to change lanes, they must signal their intention using their vehicle’s turn signal or by giving a hand signal as required by law. The signal must be given continuously for at least 100 feet before the lane change. Safely changing lanes (§ 545. 060): Drivers should ensure enough space between their vehicle and the vehicles in the lane they wish to enter. They should not move into another lane if doing so would create an unsafe distance between their car and the other vehicles in that lane. Checking mirrors and blind spots: While not explicitly mentioned in the Texas Transportation Code, it’s a best practice for drivers to check their mirrors and blind spots before changing lanes. This ensures they have a clear view of the traffic around them and can safely change lanes without causing an accident. Yielding to oncoming traffic (§ 545. 061): When changing lanes, drivers must yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the lane they are entering. This means that if there is oncoming traffic in the lane a driver wishes to enter, they must wait until it is safe before changing lanes. Avoiding unsafe lane changes (§ 545. 062): Drivers should not change lanes... > If you are facing a criminal charge in Dallas, consult with a probation and deferred adjudication lawyer. Call the experienced team at Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-05-27 - Modified: 2025-12-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/probation-and-deferred-adjudication/ The key difference: Straight probation results in a conviction on your record. Deferred adjudication does not. If you successfully complete deferred adjudication, your case is dismissed and no conviction is entered. This distinction affects your employment prospects, housing applications, professional licenses, and more for years to come. Both probation and deferred adjudication are forms of community supervision in Texas. They allow you to remain in your community rather than serving time behind bars. You'll report to a probation officer, follow court-ordered conditions, and avoid new arrests. But only one of these options gives you a path to keeping a conviction off your record entirely. If you're facing criminal charges in Dallas, understanding this difference could shape the rest of your life. The defense team at Varghese Summersett includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys and former prosecutors who have handled thousands of probation and deferred adjudication cases across Texas. What is straight probation in Texas? Straight probation (also called "regular" or "conventional" probation) is community supervision ordered after a person pleads guilty, pleads no contest, or is found guilty at trial. A conviction is immediately entered on your criminal record. You serve your sentence in the community under supervision rather than in jail or prison. Under Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Chapter 42A, judges can order probation for most misdemeanors and many felonies. The conviction remains on your record permanently unless you later become eligible for an expunction or order of nondisclosure, which is rare after a conviction. What is deferred adjudication in Texas? Deferred adjudication is a special type of community supervision where the judge delays entering a finding of guilt. You plead guilty or no contest, but the judge "defers" the adjudication of guilt. If you successfully complete all the terms, the case is dismissed. No conviction is ever entered. This matters because many employers, landlords, and licensing boards ask whether you've been "convicted" of a crime. With deferred adjudication, you can honestly answer "no" to that question. The arrest will still appear on your record, but you may be eligible to seal it through a petition for nondisclosure under Texas Government Code Section 411. 0715. One limitation: juries cannot grant deferred adjudication. Only a judge can offer this option, which is one reason many defendants choose to accept a plea offer rather than go to trial. How long can probation or deferred adjudication last? Texas law sets maximum supervision periods based on the offense level. For misdemeanors punishable by jail time, the maximum is two years. For felonies, supervision can last up to 10 years. The length of your supervision depends on the offense, your criminal history, and the negotiations between your attorney and the prosecutor. In many cases, a skilled defense lawyer can negotiate a shorter term than the maximum allowed. Can you get early release from probation in Dallas? Yes, in most cases. Texas law allows judges to release someone from probation or deferred adjudication after they've served at least one-third of their term, if the... > Understanding the challenges associated with divorcing an alcoholic is the first step in navigating this difficult process. It's important to educate yourself - Published: 2023-05-25 - Modified: 2023-05-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorcing-an-alcoholic/ Understanding the Complexity of Divorcing an Alcoholic Divorcing a spouse who struggles with alcoholism is a complex process that requires careful consideration and planning. Alcoholism is a chronic disease characterized by an inability to control or quit drinking despite its negative effects on a person's life. When one spouse in a marriage is an alcoholic, it can lead to a host of problems, including financial instability, emotional distress, and even physical harm. In a divorce, these issues become even more pronounced. The alcoholic spouse may be unable to participate fully in the divorce process due to their addiction, leading to delays and complications. They may also be more likely to engage in destructive behaviors, such as hiding assets or becoming confrontational. Furthermore, if children are will need to consider their safety and well-being when making custody and visitation decisions. Understanding the challenges associated with divorcing an alcoholic is the first step in navigating this difficult process. It's important to educate yourself about alcoholism and its effects, both on the individual and on their relationships. This knowledge can help you make informed decisions and prepare for potential obstacles. It's also crucial to seek professional advice from legal and mental health professionals who can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation. Recognizing the Signs of Alcoholism Recognizing the signs of alcoholism is crucial when considering divorce. Alcoholism is a progressive disease, meaning it tends to worsen over time. Early recognition can lead to earlier intervention, potentially preventing some of the more severe consequences of the disease. Common signs of alcoholism: Frequent intoxication This is often the most obvious sign. If your spouse is regularly drunk or spends a lot of time recovering from drinking, they may have a problem. Neglect of responsibilities Alcoholics often struggle to keep up with their responsibilities, both at home and at work. This can lead to job loss, financial problems, and neglect of household duties. Changes in behavior Alcoholism can cause significant changes in a person's behavior. This can include increased aggression, mood swings, and a lack of interest in activities they once enjoyed. Physical symptoms Over time, heavy drinking can lead to a range of physical health problems, including liver disease, heart problems, and an increased risk of cancer. If you notice these signs in your spouse, it's important to seek professional help. There are many resources available for people dealing with alcoholism, including therapists, support groups, and treatment programs. Remember, alcoholism is a disease, and like any disease, it requires appropriate treatment. The Impact of Alcoholism on the Family Alcoholism doesn't just affect the individual struggling with the disease; it impacts the entire family. Children are particularly vulnerable to the effects of a parent's alcoholism. They may experience a range of emotional and psychological issues, including feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear. They may also be more likely to develop alcohol problems themselves later in life. In addition to the emotional impact, alcoholism can also lead to practical problems for the family. These can include... > In Texas, you do not have to have an attorney to get divorced, but it's generally not a good idea to go it alone. Here's why a pro-se divorce is not advisable. - Published: 2023-05-25 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pro-se-divorce-in-texas/ In Texas, you do not have to have an attorney to get divorced. The law allows you to go "pro se," which is a legal term that basically means you are representing yourself in divorce proceedings. But just because a DIY divorce is allowed, doesn't mean it's advisable. In fact, a pro se divorce in Texas can be incredibly complicated and problematic. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth family law attorneys explain pro se divorce in Texas, the process, and 5 reasons why you shouldn't try to go it alone. Pro Se Divorce in Texas A "pro se" divorce in Texas refers to a process whereby one or both parties choose to represent themselves in the proceedings without the assistance of an attorney. Pro se is a Latin term that means "for oneself" or "one's own behalf. " This type of divorce is also sometimes referred to as a "do-it-yourself" or "DIY" divorce. The pro se party must handle all aspects of the divorce, from filing the initial paperwork to negotiating property division and any other contentious issues such as child custody, spousal support, and child support. While a pro se divorce might seem like a cost-effective, simpler option, especially in cases where the divorce is uncontested and there are no complex assets or issues involved, it can be anything but. The legal process can be intricate and confusing for those not trained in law. Mistakes made in the filing process can lead to delays or even long-term legal and financial consequences. Reasons People Pursue a Pro-Se Divorce in Texas There are several reasons why individuals might choose to pursue a pro se divorce in Texas. Here are a few of the most common: Financial Hiring a divorce lawyer can be expensive, and many people want to try and cut costs by attempting to do it themselves. Pursuing a divorce pro se may seem like a way to save money on attorney fees, but it actually can end up costing you more if you make mistakes during the process. Convenience If a marriage is relatively short, there are no children involved, and few assets to divide, a couple might believe they can navigate the divorce process on their own. However, even in these cases, the process can be more complicated than it appears at first glance. Mutual Agreement If both parties are in total agreement regarding the terms of the divorce, they might feel a lawyer is unnecessary. However, it is important to make sure all the legal paperwork required for a divorce is properly completed and filed in a timely manner or else the divorce may be delayed. Control Some people may want to have direct control over their divorce proceedings and feel more comfortable handling everything themselves. But divorce can be a very emotional and stressful process, which can actually make you feel very out of control without guidance. Privacy Handling a divorce pro se can provide a degree of privacy, as fewer people are involved in... > During the summer, the non-custodial parent gets 30 days of continuous possession. Here's what you need to know about summer visitation in Texas. - Published: 2023-05-23 - Modified: 2024-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/summer-visitation-in-texas/ Summer is a time for children to enjoy their school break, spend time with friends and family, and create lasting memories. However, for parents who are divorced or separated, summer can bring a new set of challenges, especially when it comes to child visitation in Texas. In this article, our Fort Worth family law attorneys discuss the standard summer visitation schedule in Texas, offer insights and tips for parents to navigate this process, and answer some frequently asked questions. Remember: the goal of summer vacation is to provide quality time for both parents while keeping the best interests of the child in mind. How Do I Find Out When I Get the Kids for Summer Visitation in Texas? To find out when you get the kids during the summer, the first thing you should do is turn to your child custody agreement. If there is nothing specific about summer visitation, you must then follow the Standard Possession Order (SPO), which you should have received at the conclusion of your family law matter. The SPO is a guide that establishes visitation. The language can be found in Texas Family Code Sections 153. 312 and 153. 313. For your convenience, here’s a 2026 SPO calendar, which we recommend printing out so you can refer to it easily. What is Texas Standard Summer Visitation Schedule? The Texas standard summer child visitation schedule allows the non-custodial parent to have extended visitation with their child during the summer months. According to the Texas Family Code, the standard summer visitation schedule is as follows for the non-custodial parent: Thirty days during the summer months, beginning on July 1st and ending on July 31st, unless otherwise agreed upon by the parents. If the non-custodial parent gives written notice to the custodial parent by April 1st, the non-custodial parent may choose to split the thirty days into two periods of at least seven consecutive days. The standard summer visitation in Texas is in addition to the non-custodial parent's regular first, third and fifth weekends of the month and Thursday visitation. It is important to note that the standard summer child visitation schedule is just that – a standard. Parents are free to make their own agreements, as long as they do not interfere with the best interests of the child. What is the April 1 Summer Visitation Deadline in Texas? The non-custodial parent is given 30 consecutive days of possession of their children during the summer and has until April 1 to provide written notice of their chosen dates to the other parent. If the non-custodial parent fails to provide notice, the default period is July 1st through July 31st. How Do I Notify the Other Parent if I Plan to Deviate from the Default Summer Schedule? If you plan to deviate from the standard summer possession schedule, you must notify the other parent in writing by the April 1 deadline. This notice should include the dates and times when you plan to exercise your summer visitation rights,... > Varghese Summersett was honored to team up for the Tylan Wallace Football Camp for youth. - Published: 2023-05-23 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tylan-wallace-football-camp/ Varghese Summersett was honored to sponsor the Tylan Wallace Football Camp again this year at South Hills High School. Wallace, a wide receiver for the Baltimore Ravens, hosted his camp on Saturday, May 25, at his high school alma mater in Fort Worth. This was the third year Wallace has hosted the free camp for youth ages 6 to 12. "I host a free camp because I want the kids to come out and have fun and to see someone who grew up in Fort Worth, just like them, and achieved his dreams," Wallace has said. "I want to show them that if you work hard and believe in yourself, you can achieve anything—no matter where you come from. " Athlete's First, a premier NFL management firm, contacted Varghese Summersett last year to see if it would partner with Wallace and help sponsor the free camp for about 150 young athletes. "Tylan provides mentorship, opportunity, inspiration, and a memorable experience to the campers," the agency's representative wrote. "We would love for you to be part of it. " Benson Varghese, managing partner at Varghese Summersett, didn't hesitate. Like Wallace, he and his team are passionate about giving back to the local community. "We jumped at the chance again this year," Varghese said. "It's a great opportunity to partner with an NFL star who grew up in Fort Worth, while also supporting young athletes in our community. " Ty Stimpson, a partner in Varghese Summersett's personal injury division, was on-site last year to get to know the campers and their families. This year, several of the firm's marketing team - Melody Lanier, Mary Ellen Pratt and Olivia Parker - stopped by to hand out backpacks and water bottles for the kids. "The passion and commitment Tylan has for his community is inspiring, and we're happy to play a small part in that," said Stimpson, a former linebacker at Baylor University. Wallace and his identical twin brother, Tracin, were born in Fort Worth, where they displayed amazing athletic athleticism and leadership at a young age. They attended Westcreek and Bruce Shulkey elementary schools and Wedgwood Middle School before graduating from South Hills High School, where the receiver-quarterback twins were one of the most highly touted duos in the state. The brothers both committed to Oklahoma State University, where Wallace established himself as one of college football's elite wide receivers. Unfortunately, his brother suffered an injury that ended his football career. In 2021, Wallace was selected by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round of the NFL draft. Wallace went viral during last year's football season when he returned a thrilling 76-yard punt return for a touchdown in overtime to secure at 37-31 victory for the Baltimore Ravens against the Los Angeles Rams. https://versustexas. com/wp-content/uploads/Personal-Injury-Instagram-2023-. mp4 In addition to being a star on the field, Wallace is also a leader off of it. He is passionate about giving back to the community that supported him and his family since childhood. "It's important to... > The important of an adoption evaluator can't be overstated. They evaluate the prospective parent and report their findings to the court. Learn more. - Published: 2023-05-16 - Modified: 2023-05-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-evaluator-in-texas/ If you have filed a petition to adopt a child in Texas, you will soon become acquainted with an "adoption evaluator. " This is an extremely important person in the adoption process because they have the ability to make or break a successful adoption. In this article, we will explain the role of an adoption evaluator in Texas, their impact on the adoption process, and answer some frequently asked questions about adoption evaluations in Texas. What is an Adoption Evaluator in Texas? An adoption evaluator is a specially-trained, qualified professional who assesses prospective adoptive parents to determine their suitability to adopt a child. They play a crucial role in the adoption process by providing unbiased evaluations of the adoptive parents while keeping the child's best interests at heart. What is an Adoption Evaluation in Texas? In Texas, an adoption evaluation is a court-ordered assessment of the prospective adoptive parent(s) and their ability to provide a safe, stable, and nurturing home for a child. It is conducted by a licensed social worker or counselor - referred to as an adoption evaluator - and includes a home study, background checks, and interviews with the adoptive parent(s) and other individuals who are in regular contact with the family. After a thorough adoption evaluation, the adoption evaluator will write a report and submit it to the court and your attorney. The court will use this report to make a final determination on whether an adoption should be granted. The purpose of the adoption evaluation is to determine if the adoptive parent(s) are capable of providing for the child's physical, emotional, financial, and developmental needs. The evaluation is a critical step in the adoption process, as it also helps to identify any potential risks or concerns. In most cases, the State of Texas requires that an Adoption Evaluation be filed and conducted even if family members are already involved with the child's life. What are the Qualifications of an Adoption Evaluator in Texas? In Texas, adoption evaluators must meet certain minimum qualifications. Under Section 107. 154 of the Texas Family Code, an adoption evaluation must: have a degree in a human services field of study and be licensed in Texas as a social worker, professional counselor, marriage and family therapist, or psychologist; andhave at least one year of full-time experience working at a child-placing agency conducting child-placing activities; or be practicing under the direct supervision of a person qualified to conduct adoption evaluations be employed by or under contract with a domestic relations office, provided that the person conducts adoption evaluations relating only to families ordered to participate in adoption evaluations conducted by the domestic relations office; or be qualified as a child custody evaluator under Section 107. 104 of the Texas Family Code. ** In addition to these minimum qualifications, adoption evaluators must also complete at least eight hours of family violence dynamics training. These minimum qualifications ensure that the adoption evaluator has the appropriate education, professional credentials, and expertise to assess the suitability... > Ready to file an auto injury claim against USAA insurance? Call 817-297-4878 (HURT) for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth personal injury lawyer. - Published: 2023-05-16 - Modified: 2023-05-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/claim-against-usaa/ When it comes to big players in the auto insurance industry, the United Services Automobile Association (USAA) ranks eighth in the nation. In Texas alone, USAA collects over $583 million in auto insurance premiums annually. With such vast resources, you might assume that obtaining a fair settlement for an auto accident injury would be straightforward. However, this is not always the case. Like all insurance companies, USAA is in the business of making money. This means they often prioritize their bottom line over paying out claims. If you've been injured in a car wreck, this can make getting a fair settlement challenging. That’s where Varghese Summersett comes in. Our Fort Worth car accident attorneys will thoroughly investigate your accident, establish the true value of your injury case, and fight for the maximum compensation you deserve. In this guide, we explain how to maximize an auto accident injury claim against USAA and the steps you should take to help ensure a successful outcome. Understanding USAA Insurance and Their Role in Your Accident Case USAA (United Services Automobile Association) is a major nationwide insurance provider serving military members and their families. Based in San Antonio, USAA generates billions in revenue annually by offering a range of insurance products, including auto insurance. If you’re involved in an auto accident with a USAA policyholder or if you’re a USAA policyholder yourself, the company plays a crucial role in your injury case. They are responsible for processing your claim, negotiating settlements, and providing compensation for damages and injuries sustained. Processing Your Claim with USAA After an injury accident, you'll need to file a claim with USAA - either as a first-party or a third-party claimant. Here’s a breakdown of the two types: First-Party Claims First-party claims are filed by USAA policyholders. Even in a "fault" system like Texas, where the responsible party is liable for damages, your policy may include Personal Injury Protection (PIP) or Medical Payments (MedPay) coverage. This can help cover medical expenses and lost wages, regardless of fault. Third-Party Claims Third-party claims are filed against USAA when you are not a policyholder but were involved in an accident with someone who is. You’ll need to prove the other party's negligence and establish the extent of your damages. Negotiating a fair settlement with USAA may be challenging, as they will likely try to minimize payouts. This is why it’s crucial to have a skilled personal injury attorney handle all correspondence with USAA. Maximizing Your Claim Against USAA: What to Do After an Accident To maximize your auto accident injury claim against USAA, it's essential to take certain steps immediately following the accident, as well as in the weeks and months afterward. These actions will help strengthen your case and improve your chances of receiving fair compensation: Call the Police Report the accident and obtain an official police report. This document is critical for establishing the facts of the incident and may be used as evidence in your claim. Document the Scene Take photographs... > Here's what you need to know about violation of protective order in Texas. - Published: 2023-05-16 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/protective-order-violation-in-dallas/ If you've been charged with a protective order violation in Dallas, you're facing a Class A misdemeanor punishable by up to one year in jail and a $4,000 fine. In some cases, it can be elevated to a third-degree felony with 2 to 10 years in prison. Understanding what you're up against and acting quickly with an experienced attorney can make all the difference in your case. Texas uses protective orders to shield victims of family violence and others in harm's way from further abuse or contact. Violating one of these orders is a separate criminal offense that carries serious consequences beyond the underlying case. This article explains the three types of protective orders in Texas, what happens if you violate one, and what defenses may be available. What Is a Protective Order Violation in Texas? A protective order violation occurs when someone disobeys the terms of a court-issued order designed to protect another person. Under Texas Penal Code § 25. 07, this is typically charged as a Class A misdemeanor. Common violations include contacting the protected person by phone, text, email, or social media, going near their home or workplace, or possessing a firearm when the order prohibits it. The order itself usually prohibits all communication and contact between the respondent (the person the order is against) and the applicant (the person seeking protection). This includes direct contact, contact through third parties, and any form of social media interaction. What Is the Difference Between a Protective Order and a Restraining Order? Many people confuse protective orders with restraining orders, but they are different legal tools. A protective order is a criminal matter issued because family violence or another qualifying offense has been alleged. Violating it results in criminal charges. A restraining order is a civil matter used in lawsuits like divorce or custody disputes. Violating a restraining order can result in contempt of court but not separate criminal charges. What Are the Penalties for Violating a Protective Order in Dallas? The penalties for a protective order violation depend on your criminal history and the nature of the alleged violation. Class A Misdemeanor (First Offense): Up to 1 year in jail and a maximum fine of $4,000. Third-Degree Felony: 2 to 10 years in prison and up to a $10,000 fine. Your case can be elevated to a felony if: You have two or more prior convictions for violating a protective order You allegedly violated the order by committing assault or stalking You allegedly violated an active protective order twice within the past year Even violating a temporary ex parte protective order, while it may not always result in separate criminal charges, can still lead to contempt of court findings with fines and jail time. What Is Family Violence Under Texas Law? Because most protective orders stem from allegations of family violence, understanding this legal term is essential. Under Texas law, family violence occurs when a member of a family or household commits an act against another family or household... > Civil statute of limitations Texas govern how long a person has to bring a claim. Understand the reasons why we have a civil statute of limitations. - Published: 2023-05-15 - Modified: 2026-05-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/civil-statute-of-limitations-texas/ What is a Civil Statute of Limitation in a Texas Civil Case? The statute of limitations is essentially a deadline for filing a lawsuit. The purpose of these statutes is to ensure that legal actions are initiated while evidence is still fresh and available. In Texas, as in other states, the length of this period varies depending on the type of civil case. Civil Statute of Limitations Texas can generally be found under Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code 16. 002(a). Common Civil Statute of Limitations in Texas Cause of Action Length of Statute of Limitations Code Section Citation Personal Injury 2 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 003(a) Libel/Slander 1 year Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 002 Fraud 4 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 004(a)(4) Injury to Personal Property 2 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 003(a) Professional Malpractice 2 years from the occurrence Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 74. 251 Trespass 2 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 003(a) Collection of Rents 4 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 004(a)(3) Written Contracts 4 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 004(a)(3) Collection of Debt on Account 4 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 004(a)(3) Judgments 10 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 066 Sexual Abuse of a Child 30 years from the 18th birthday Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 0045 Sex Crimes 5 years Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16. 0045 Why does Texas have a statute of limitations in civil cases? The statute of limitations plays a crucial role in civil cases, creating a time limit for initiating legal action. But why does Texas, like other states, have a statute of limitations for civil cases? Let's explore the reasons behind this important legal principle. Preservation of Evidence One of the primary reasons for the statute of limitations is the preservation of evidence. As time passes, evidence may be lost, destroyed, or become less reliable. Witnesses' memories may fade, documents may be discarded, and physical evidence may deteriorate. By setting a deadline for filing a lawsuit, the statute of limitations helps to ensure that cases are based on evidence that is as accurate and reliable as possible. Certainty and Stability The statute of limitations provides a degree of certainty and stability for potential defendants. It would be difficult to live in constant fear of being sued for an indefinite period. By setting a time limit for legal action, the statute of limitations allows individuals and businesses to move forward without the perpetual threat of litigation for past events. Promptness in Seeking Redress The statute of limitations encourages plaintiffs to pursue their claims diligently and promptly. This timeliness can lead to more efficient resolution of disputes and help to ensure that those who are negligent or at fault are held accountable within a reasonable time... > Fort Worth's most dangerous roads and intersections require caution and safety tips to avoid accidents. Learn how Varghese Summersett can help if you're injured - Published: 2023-04-27 - Modified: 2024-01-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/most-dangerous-roads-and-intersections/ Fort Worth's Most Dangerous Roads and Intersections We get on the roads in Fort Worth every day. Have you ever stopped to wonder what the most dangerous roads in Fort Worth are? Certainly, the 133-car pile-up on I-35 comes to mind, but is that the most dangerous road in Fort Worth? This article takes a look at the area's most dangerous roads and intersections. We will discuss high-risk locations, provide tips for avoiding accidents, and explain how our personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett can help if you're involved in an accident. There were 229 fatal accidents on Tarrant County roads in 2021. That's a rate of more than 10 deaths per 100,000 residents. Texas experienced an increase in the number of motor vehicle traffic fatalities. The 2021 death toll of 4,489 was an increase of 15. 22% from the 3,896 deaths recorded in 2020. Tarrant County Traffic Accidents Tarrant County has seen its share of traffic accidents, with many occurring at high-risk locations. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, there were 3,720 accidents in Tarrant County in 2020. High-Risk Locations in Fort Worth High-risk locations are areas where accidents are more likely to occur due to factors such as poor visibility, high traffic volume, or inadequate road infrastructure. Things are even worse when these become multi-vehicle accidents. Some of these locations include: I-35W and I-30 interchange Loop 820 and Rufe Snow Drive East Lancaster Avenue and Riverside Drive Worst Intersections in Fort Worth A 2019 report by DPS listed the following as the most dangerous intersections in Fort Worth: East Loop 820 at Meadowbrook Drive East Loop 820 at John T. White Road East Loop 820 at Randol Mill Road East Loop 820 at Brentwood Stair Road East Loop 820 at Ramey Avenue Some of the other worst intersections in Fort Worth are: Eastchase Parkway and I-30 McCart Avenue and Sycamore School Road Hulen Street and I-20 These intersections are notorious for their high number of accidents, often resulting from congestion and poor road design. The 10 Most Dangerous Intersections in Texas Tarrant County has a relatively high number of dangerous intersections compared to other locations in Texas. However, Tarrant County roads don't crack the top 10 most dangerous intersections in Texas, which include three in the Houston area, three in the Dallas area, and two in San Antonio. The 10 most dangerous intersections in Texas, based on the frequency and severity of accidents: Bissonnet Street and Sam Houston Parkway, Houston: This intersection is considered the most dangerous in Texas due to its high number of accidents, congestion, and complex layout. Loop 410 and Culebra Road, San Antonio: This busy intersection is known for its multiple lanes and high traffic volume, making it prone to accidents. U. S. 290 and FM 1960, Houston: With a high traffic volume and complex traffic patterns, this intersection has a history of severe accidents. I-10 and Loop 1604, San Antonio: This major interchange experiences frequent accidents due to high-speed traffic and merging... > Injured due to a defective or faulty seatbelt? Suffering from seatbelt injuries due to a negligent driver? Talk to Fort Worth seatbelt injury lawyer: 817-207-4878 (HURT) - Published: 2023-04-24 - Modified: 2023-05-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/common-seatbelt-injuries/ Seatbelts are a vital safety feature in every vehicle, designed to protect drivers and passengers in the event of a collision. However, seatbelts can also cause serious, sometimes catastrophic, injuries. In some cases, seatbelts may be defective or malfunction but, even when they work as intended, they can often cause secondary injuries. By way of example, you may recall in 2016, Toyota recalled nearly 3 million RAV4s after seatbelt separations caused 10 deaths and more than 100 injuries. In 2023, Honda recalled half a million vehicles over seatbelts that were not properly latching. If you or a loved one has been seriously injured in a car wreck by a faulty seatbelt or received secondary injuries in a wreck caused by another driver, you may be entitled to financial compensation. Our Fort Worth seatbelt lawyer at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group can assess your case and determine if you have a valid claim for seatbelt injury compensation. In this article, our Fort Worth seatbelt lawyer explains seatbelt injuries, the process for recovering compensation, and how our law firm can help. We offer free consultations and, if we take your case, we only get paid if and when recover compensation. You will never pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket. Seatbelt Syndrome: Common Types of Seatbelt Injuries Seat belt injuries are so common and specific that there is a term for it: seatbelt syndrome. Seatbelt syndrome refers to a combination of injuries that are caused by seatbelts during a vehicle collision. Seat belt syndrome typically involves injuries to the abdomen, chest, and spine. Injuries associated with seat belt syndrome include: Abdominal injuries The force exerted by the lap belt during a collision can cause bruising, lacerations, or rupture of the abdominal organs, such as the spleen, liver, or intestines. In some cases, the pressure on the abdomen can also lead to injury to major blood vessels, causing internal bleeding. Chest injuries The shoulder strap of the seat belt can exert force on the chest, potentially causing contusions, rib fractures, or injuries to the lungs or heart. In severe cases, the pressure from the shoulder strap can lead to a collapsed lung or traumatic cardiac injury. Spinal injuries Seat belt syndrome can also cause injuries to the spine, particularly in the lumbar and thoracic regions. The sudden deceleration during a collision can lead to compression and flexion injuries, which can result in fractures, dislocations, or damage to the spinal cord. Soft tissue injuries The force of the seat belt on the body can cause bruises, abrasions, or lacerations to the skin and underlying tissues. These injuries may be more pronounced if the seatbelt is not positioned correctly or is too tight. To minimize the risk of seat belt syndrome, seat belts must be worn correctly. The lap belt should be positioned low across the hips, and the shoulder strap should be across the chest without cutting into the neck. Proper positioning and use of seat belts can help reduce the severity of injuries in the... > Chubb adjusters have been trained to pay out as little as possible. Here's what you should know and do if you have a claim against Chubb. - Published: 2023-04-23 - Modified: 2023-04-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/maximize-a-claim-against-chubb-insurance/ Chubb as an Insurer Chubb is a global insurance company known for its wide range of insurance products and services, including auto insurance. The size of Chubb's auto insurance division is substantial. Chubb's total net premiums written in 2020 amounted to $34. 7 billion. In the same year, the company's net claims and claim expenses amounted to $22. 5 billion. The company was worth $79. 7 billion as of September 2021. What does that mean for you? Chubb is a large insurer with plenty of funds to pay claims with, but insurers exist to create profit for their shareholders at least as much as they exist to provide coverage for their insureds. In this article, we will explore ways to maximize your claim against Chubb. Understanding Chubb's Role in Your Accident Case Car accidents are far too common in Texas. According to the Texas Department of Transportation, there were 239,539 persons injured in motor vehicle traffic crashes in 2021. If the person responsible for your loss is insured with Chubb, you will want to know how to maximize your claim. Chubb may be responsible for compensating you for damages such as medical expenses, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Navigating the Claims Process with Chubb First and foremost, file your claim with Chubb as soon as possible after the accident. Keep in mind that insurance companies, including Chubb, may try to minimize their payouts. A personal injury attorney can help you deal with Chubb effectively and maximize your compensation. Gather necessary documentation, such as police reports and any notes or photos you took at the scene and provide them to your attorney. Why do you need a Personal Injury Lawyer to Fight Chubb? Chubb, like any other insurance company, wants to protect their financial interests. While many claims are settled fairly, there are instances where insurance companies may employ tactics to deny claims or reduce payments. Some of these tactics include: Delaying the claims process Insurance companies may use delaying tactics, such as taking an extended time to process paperwork, respond to inquiries, or investigate the claim. These delays can be frustrating for claimants and may lead to them accepting lower settlement offers. Requesting excessive documentation Insurers may request excessive documentation or information that is difficult to obtain in an attempt to discourage claimants from pursuing their claims or cause them to miss filing deadlines. Disputing liability Insurance companies may dispute liability for the accident, arguing that their policyholder was not at fault, or that the claimant was partially or entirely responsible for the accident. Denying coverage Insurers might claim that the policy does not cover the specific incident or that the policyholder failed to meet specific conditions, such as not reporting the accident in a timely manner. Offering a low initial settlement Insurance companies may offer a low initial settlement in the hope that claimants, who may be under financial pressure, will accept the offer without further negotiation. Minimizing injuries or damages Insurers may attempt to minimize the extent... > Learn about car inspection laws in Texas, the safety requirements, inspection costs, and how Varghese Summersett can help with legal issues. Call 817-207-4878. - Published: 2023-04-22 - Modified: 2023-04-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/car-inspection-laws-in-texas/ Car inspection laws in Texas are enforced to ensure the safety of drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. A vehicle being out of inspection in an accident can have significant consequences if the vehicle is involved in an accident. For example, if it is determined that a vehicle's failure to meet safety standards directly contributed to the accident, the driver of that vehicle could be found negligent and held responsible for any damages, injuries, or fatalities that resulted. Understanding Vehicle Inspection and Texas DPS The Texas Department of Public Safety (DPS) is responsible for overseeing vehicle inspections in the state. The goal is to ensure that all vehicles on Texas roads meet minimum safety standards. This includes checking essential components such as brakes, tires, lights, and more. Implications of Driving Without Current Inspection or Registration in an Accident Impact on Insurance Claims Driving without a current inspection or registration can also have a detrimental effect on your insurance claim. Insurance companies may argue that your vehicle was not roadworthy due to the expired inspection, which could lead to a denial of your claim or a reduction in the amount of compensation you receive. Moreover, if your vehicle was not properly registered, your insurance company may refuse to cover the accident altogether. Fines and Penalties If you are involved in an accident and it is discovered that your vehicle does not have a current inspection or registration, you may face fines and penalties for these violations. In Texas, driving without a valid inspection can result in fines of up to $200, while driving without a valid registration can lead to fines of up to $350. These fines may be imposed in addition to any other penalties or consequences stemming from the accident. Potential for Criminal Charges In some cases, driving without current inspection or registration may result in criminal charges. If you are found to have knowingly operated an unsafe vehicle, you could be charged with reckless driving or even vehicular manslaughter in the event of a fatal accident. These charges carry severe penalties, including significant fines and possible imprisonment. The Importance of Annual Car Inspections in Texas Most vehicles in Texas are required to undergo an annual inspection. This process ensures that your vehicle is safe to operate and complies with state regulations. Annual inspections can also help you identify and address potential issues before they become major problems, saving you time and money in the long run. Safety Inspection Requirements in Texas Car inspection laws in Texas require a certified inspector to check various components of your vehicle during an annual safety inspection, such as: Brakes Lights and signals Exhaust system Tires Steering Windshield wipers What Fails a Car Inspection in Texas? One of the most prevalent causes for failing an inspection in Texas is related to malfunctioning or missing lights and signals. This includes issues with headlights, taillights, brake lights, turn signals, and license plate lights. Ensuring that all lights and signals are functioning properly is crucial for vehicle safety,... > Suffering from back pain after a car accident in Texas? Call Varghese Summersett at (817) 207-4878 for a free consultation with an experienced car accident lawyer. - Published: 2023-04-19 - Modified: 2023-05-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/back-pain-after-a-car-accident-in-texas/ When people are involved in a car accident, it’s not uncommon to experience severe back pain afterward. The force of impact can cause the spine to compress or twist, leading to injuries such as whiplash, herniated discs, and spinal cord injuries. Back pain – no matter the cause – can be debilitating, making it difficult to work and carry out everyday activities. In fact, back pain is one of the most common reasons for missed work in the U. S. , accounting for more than 264 million lost work days in one year – that’s two days for every full-time worker in the country. If you are suffering from back pain after a car accident in Texas and it’s impacted your life and livelihood, you may be able to entitled to monetary compensation for medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering. Your next call needs to be to an experienced car accident injury lawyer — especially if the accident was due, in part, to another driver’s negligence. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain back pain after a car accident in Texas, the process for recovering compensation, and how our Fort Worth law firm can help. Our attorneys offer no-cost, no-obligation consultations – and if we take your case, we only get paid if we win it. That means you will never pay anything upfront or out-of-pocket. You’ve suffered enough. We are here to help you, not add to your financial burden or emotional turmoil. Common Causes of Back Pain After a Car Accident in Texas Whiplash Injury According to the American Chiropractic Association, whiplash is the most common injury sustained in car accidents and can cause significant back and neck pain. Whiplash occurs when the head and neck are suddenly jolted forward and then backward, causing damage to the soft tissues of the neck and spine. Symptoms of whiplash may not appear immediately after an accident and may include neck pain, stiffness, headaches, and back pain. Herniated Disc A herniated disc is another common injury that can cause back pain after a car accident in Texas. It happens when one of the discs between the vertebrae in the spine is damaged, causing the inner material of the disc to leak out and put pressure on nearby nerves. Symptoms of a herniated disc may include back pain, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs, and weakness in the muscles. Spinal Cord Injury A spinal cord injury can occur if the spinal cord is damaged during a car accident. This type of injury can be very serious and can cause paralysis or even death. Symptoms of a spinal cord injury may include loss of sensation, loss of movement, and difficulty breathing. Soft Tissue Injury Soft tissue injuries are another common type of injury that can cause back pain after a car accident in Texas. This type of injury involves damage to the muscles, tendons, or ligaments in the back. Symptoms of a... > Injured in a car wreck and want to pursue a personal injury claim? Here are 11 crucial questions you should ask during a car accident lawyer consultation. - Published: 2023-04-19 - Modified: 2023-04-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/car-accident-lawyer-consultation/ If you have been injured in a car wreck due to someone else's negligence, your next call needs to be to an experienced personal injury lawyer. But how do you know who to call and what to ask? Deciding which attorney to contact is a very personal decision, but Google reviews and recommendations from friends, family, and co-workers are a great place to start. Once you have narrowed down your list of potential lawyers, it's time to start asking questions. In this article, we offer 11 important questions to ask in car accident lawyer consultation to help you understand the process for obtaining compensation and choosing the best lawyer for your case. 1. What is your experience handling car accident cases? One of the most important factors to consider when hiring a lawyer after a car accident is their experience in handling similar cases. You want a lawyer who has a proven track record of success in negotiating and litigating car accident claims. Ask a Fort Worth car accident lawyer about their experience and results in handling cases like yours, and whether they have any special expertise in dealing with specific types of car accidents, such as rear-end collisions or drunk driving accidents. 2. How will you communicate with me about my case? Effective communication is crucial in any legal case, and you want a lawyer who will keep you informed and updated about your case every step of the way. Ask a car accident lawyer how they will communicate with you, how often you can expect to hear from them, and whether you will have a direct line of communication with your lawyer or a paralegal. Make sure you feel comfortable with the level and frequency of communication that your lawyer provides. 3. How much do you cost? Most people think that hiring a lawyer is very costly - and this is certainly true in criminal, family law, and business litigation. However, many personal injury lawyers - including the ones at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group - work on a contingency fee basis, which means you don't pay anything upfront. You only pay if and win the attorney wins or settles your case. If the attorney works on contingency, be sure and ask what percentage of the recovery they will take as a fee. Also, ask a Fort Worth accident lawyer about any other costs associated with your case, such as expert witness fees and how those will be paid. At Varghese Summersett, we have the resources to handle even the toughest, most complex case and we front all the costs associated with the investigation and litigation. 4. What is my case worth and what damages can I recover? If you were injured in a car accident due to negligence by another driver or entity, you may be entitled to compensation for medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and property damage. Ask a Fort Worth car accident lawyer about possible damages you can recover, based on your specific... > What are the factors that influence a Fort Worth car accident settlement timeline? Contact a Varghese Summersett attorney for a complimentary consultation. - Published: 2023-04-14 - Modified: 2023-04-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/average-time-to-settle-a-car-accident/ What's the Timeline for a Texas Car Accident Settlement? Car accidents can be a traumatic experience, and dealing with the aftermath can be stressful and time-consuming. One of the most common questions we get from personal injury clients at Varghese Summersett is, "What's the average time to settle a car accident lawsuit? " If you are wondering how long your Texas car accident settlement case will take to settle, you're not alone. Multiple factors contribute to the timeline of a case, and understanding these factors can help you better manage your expectations. At Varghese Summersett, we keep our clients informed. From our first meeting, we will let you know what to expect with every aspect of your case. Call us today. In this post, we'll explain the personal injury case process, how long it could take to resolve, dealing with insurance companies, and how we can help you receive the compensation you deserve. Car Wreck Settlement Timeline The timeline for settling a Fort Worth car accident settlement case can vary depending on several factors. Generally, reaching a settlement takes a few months to a few years. On average, a car accident case in Fort Worth takes about 12 to 18 months to settle. Remember that this is only an estimate and that each case is unique, with its timeline influenced by various factors. What Are the Stages of Fort Worth Car Accident Settlement Cases? Investigation and evidence gathering - This stage includes gathering police reports, medical records, and other relevant evidence to support your claim. Filing a claim - Our attorney will file a claim with the at-fault party's insurance company and provide them with the necessary documentation to support your case. Negotiations - Both parties will engage in negotiations to reach a fair settlement. Your attorney may recommend filing a lawsuit if an agreement cannot be reached. Litigation and trial (if necessary) - If a settlement cannot be reached through negotiations, your case may proceed to trial. The litigation process can be lengthy and may extend the overall timeline of your case. What Factors Affect a Fort Worth Car Accident Settlement Timeline? The complexity of the case - Cases with straightforward facts and liability may settle more quickly than those involving complex legal issues or multiple parties. The severity of injuries - Cases involving severe or catastrophic injuries may require extensive medical treatment, which can prolong the settlement process as you and your attorney wait for a clearer understanding of the long-term effects of your injuries. Amount of damages - Higher amounts of damages, such as lost wages and medical expenses, can lead to more extended negotiations and potentially delay the settlement. Negotiations with insurance companies - The negotiation process with insurance adjusters can be lengthy, especially if they are disputing liability or the value of your claim. How Can I Speed Up My Fort Worth Car Accident Settlement Case? Consulting with a Varghese Summrsett personal injury attorney for advice specific to your situation will give you a better... > Appealing property division in Texas divorce cases can be a challenged. Here's an overview of the process. - Published: 2023-04-13 - Modified: 2023-09-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/appealing-property-division-in-texas/ Appealing Property Division in a Texas Divorce Going through a divorce is challenging, and sometimes, the division of property may not seem fair. If you are unhappy about the outcome of your case, there is a process in place that allows a party to appeal a decision in a family law case. However, it's often an uphill challenge, mostly because appellate courts give broad discretion to trial courts when making decisions on the division of property and assets in divorce cases. In this article, we provide an overview of possible grounds for appeal in Texas, the process of appealing a divorce ruling, and how to increase your chances of winning an appeal. Grounds for Appealing Property Division in Texas As mentioned, appealing a property division in a divorce case in Texas can be arduous because appellate courts often provide broad discretion to trial courts in their decisions regarding the division of marital property. However, there are several grounds that might be used to appeal the division of property. These can include: Legal errors Legal errors may occur when the court misinterprets the law, applies the incorrect legal standard, or improperly admits or excludes evidence. If the court made a legal error that affected your case's outcome, you might have grounds for an appeal. Misapplication of the law A misapplication of the law happens when the court correctly identifies the applicable law but applies it incorrectly to the facts of the case. To appeal on these grounds, you must show that the court's misapplication of the law had a material impact on the outcome of the property division. Abuse of discretion Abuse of discretion occurs when the court's decision is arbitrary or unreasonable, considering the facts and circumstances of the case. Proving abuse of discretion requires demonstrating that the court made a clear error in judgment, resulting in an unjust division of property. Remember, each case is unique and the success of an appeal depends on the specifics of the case and the reason for the appeal. Appealing a case can be a complex process with strict rules and deadlines, so it's always best to consult with an attorney experienced in family law appeals in Texas if you are considering this step. Legal advice should be sought from a professional who can provide guidance based on all the facts and circumstances of your specific case. Unfair Division of Property Ruling An unfair division of property ruling can leave you feeling cheated. To challenge the ruling, you must identify signs of an unfair division and gather evidence supporting your claim. In Texas, the standard for property division in a divorce is a "just and right" division. This doesn't necessarily mean a 50/50 split, but rather what the court considers fair after considering the circumstances of the case. However, there might be signs that the property division was unfair. Some of these signs could include: Disregarding Separate Property: In Texas, property owned before the marriage or acquired during the marriage by gift or... > Juror misconduct in Texas can force mistrials and lead to criminal charges or even jail time. Contact Varghese Summersett if you need help with jury misconduct. - Published: 2023-04-09 - Modified: 2023-04-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/juror-misconduct-in-texas/ Juror misconduct occurs when a juror engages in conduct that violates the rules or ethical standards of a court, compromising the integrity of a fair trial. This behavior can take several forms, from improper communication to outside influence, potentially affecting the outcome of a case. Types of Juror Misconduct Communication with external parties: Jurors may engage in unauthorized communication about the case with friends, family, or the media, compromising the integrity of the trial. Independent research: Jurors are expected to base their decisions solely on the evidence presented in court. Conducting independent research on the case or the parties involved may lead to the introduction of external information that could influence their decision. Inappropriate interactions with parties involved: Jurors may engage in improper interactions with defendants, attorneys, or witnesses, leading to potential bias or the appearance of impropriety. Social media misconduct: Jurors may post details or opinions about the case on social media platforms, research the parties involved, or attempt to connect with them online, which can affect the trial’s fairness. Violation of jury instructions: Jurors are expected to follow the judge’s instructions throughout the trial. Failure to do so, such as discussing the case with other jurors before deliberations, can constitute misconduct. Jury tampering involves attempting to influence a juror’s decision through threats, bribery, or any other form of coercion. This is a criminal offense punishable under Texas Penal Code § 36. 05. Examples of Juror Misconduct in Texas Jury Misconduct Cases A juror communicates with a party involved in the case or their attorney, discussing trial details. A juror shares their opinion on social media, revealing their bias towards the case. Jury Tampering Examples A defendant’s family member offers a juror money in exchange for a not-guilty verdict. A witness threatens a juror, demanding they vote in favor of the prosecution. Consequences of Juror Misconduct Juror misconduct can result in a mistrial or a new trial, depending on the severity and impact of the misconduct. Additionally, the offending juror may face penalties, including fines or imprisonment. Juror Misconduct and Social Media: Risks and Consequences Juror misconduct related to social media use is a growing concern in today’s digital age. This type of misconduct can occur in various ways, potentially impacting the fairness of a trial. Forms Of Social Media Misconduct Sharing case details: A juror may post details or opinions about the case on their social media profiles, violating the confidentiality of jury deliberations and potentially influencing other jurors or the public. Researching parties involved: Jurors might search for information on the parties involved in the case, including the defendant, witnesses, or attorneys. This independent research can lead to jurors forming opinions based on information not presented in court. Connecting with parties involved: Jurors may attempt to connect with or follow the defendant, attorneys, witnesses, or even other jurors on social media platforms. This behavior can lead to inappropriate interactions or the exchange of information that could influence the juror’s decision-making. Consequences Of Social Media-Related Misconduct Mistrial or... > Find out how Texas courts handle child custody preferences, mandatory interviews at age 12+, and the role of children in custody cases. - Published: 2023-04-07 - Modified: 2023-04-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/role-of-children-in-custody-cases/ When Children Have a Voice: Understanding Their Role in Texas Custody Decisions Picture this: A 14-year-old sits nervously in a judge's chambers, knowing that what she says in the next few minutes could reshape where she calls home. It's a scene that plays out in Texas courtrooms every day, and one that reveals a fundamental tension in family law—how much should children's preferences matter when their parents can't agree on custody? At Varghese Summersett, we've guided hundreds of families through this delicate process. What we've learned might surprise you: The role children play in custody decisions is both more limited and more nuanced than most parents expect. Understanding these nuances isn't just legally important—it can make the difference between a custody arrangement that helps children thrive and one that deepens their trauma. The Texas Paradox: When "Must" Doesn't Mean "Will" Here's what catches most parents off guard: Texas Family Code Section 153. 009 mandates that judges "shall interview in chambers a child 12 years of age or older" when either party requests it. That word "shall" is legal speak for "must"—it's not optional. Yet this mandatory interview doesn't translate into mandatory compliance with the child's wishes. Think of it this way: Texas law guarantees older children a voice, not a vote. This distinction matters enormously. In 2024, Texas continues to focus on ensuring that child custody arrangements serve the best interests of the child while balancing the rights and responsibilities of both parents. The interview requirement ensures children aren't silenced in proceedings that fundamentally affect their lives, but it stops short of handing them decision-making power that could harm their own futures. What Really Happens When Your Child Meets the Judge Let's demystify what actually occurs during these pivotal conversations. Unlike the dramatic courtroom scenes portrayed on television, child interviews typically occur in the judge's chambers rather than in open court. Parents and their attorneys must wait outside—a requirement that serves a crucial purpose. The Setting: Most judges consciously work to transform their chambers from intimidating legal spaces into more comfortable environments. They might: Remove their judicial robes to appear less formal Sit in regular chairs rather than behind their imposing desk Start with casual conversation about school or hobbies Use age-appropriate language rather than legal jargon The Questions: Contrary to popular belief, judges rarely ask children point-blank where they want to live. Instead, they explore the child's daily life through questions like: "Tell me about a typical week at Mom's house" "What do you and Dad usually do together? " "How do you feel about your current schedule? " "Is there anything that would make things easier for you? " The Record: Here's a critical detail many parents overlook: For children 12 and older, the court must make a record of the interview if any party requests it. This recording becomes part of the case file, though Texas appellate courts have made clear that judges cannot seal these records from parents. https://youtu. be/j82XKQd2604 The Weight of Words: How Much... > Knowing the common car accident scenarios in Texas can help prevent a wreck. If you or a family member has been injured, call Varghese Summersett today. - Published: 2023-04-07 - Modified: 2023-07-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/common-car-accident-scenarios/ Common Car Accident Scenarios in Texas Car accidents are an unfortunate reality of modern life. Understanding common car accident scenarios can help drivers be more vigilant on the roads, potentially avoiding accidents altogether. In this article, we will discuss the most common types of car accidents and their contributing factors, as well as provide valuable insights into prevention and legal implications. This post will examine Texas's most common car accident scenarios, how fault is determined, and how our personal injury attorneys can help you receive the compensation you deserve. What are the Most Common Types of Car Accidents? Rear-End Collisions: One of the most common car accident scenarios are rear-end collisions, which occur when one vehicle strikes the back of another. These accidents are often the result of tailgating or distracted driving. In most cases, the driver of the vehicle that rear-ends another car is considered at fault. T-Bone Accidents: T-bone accidents, also known as side-impact collisions, occur when the front of one vehicle collides with the side of another. These accidents often happen at intersections when a driver fails to yield or runs a red light. Head-On Collisions: Head-on collisions are among the most dangerous types of car accidents, as they typically involve high speeds and severe impacts. These accidents can result from a driver veering into oncoming traffic or driving the wrong way on a roadway. Common Car Accident Scenarios Rear-End Collisions Rear-end collisions are one of the most frequent car accident scenarios. These accidents often occur when the following vehicle fails to maintain a safe distance or reacts too slowly to a sudden stop. Causes Distracted driving Tailgating Sudden stops Poor weather conditions Mechanical failure Prevention Maintain a safe following distance Stay focused on the road Regular vehicle maintenance Legal Implications The driver of the following vehicle is typically found at fault. The primary reason for this is the general expectation that drivers should maintain a safe following distance, allowing ample time and space to react to sudden stops or changes in traffic conditions. Safe Following Distance: The key to avoiding rear-end accidents is to maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle in front. This distance allows drivers enough time to react and brake in case the leading vehicle comes to an abrupt stop. By maintaining a safe distance, the rear driver can prevent collisions caused by sudden stops, congestion, or unexpected obstacles on the road. Reaction Time: Human reaction time plays a significant role in rear-end accidents. Even if the rear driver is paying attention, it takes time to process the need to brake and take action. A safe following distance gives the rear driver extra time to react, which is essential for preventing accidents. Legal Presumptions: In many jurisdictions, there is a legal presumption that the rear driver is at fault in a rear-end collision. This presumption is based on the idea that, had the rear driver maintained a safe following distance and paid attention to the road, they would have been able to... > Suffering from chest pain after a car wreck in Texas? Call Varghese Summersett at (817) 207-4878 for a free consultation with an experienced car accident lawyer. - Published: 2023-04-05 - Modified: 2026-07-08 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/chest-pain-after-a-car-wreck-in-texas/ Can chest pain after a car wreck in Texas be serious? Yes. While chest pain sometimes results from minor bruising or muscle strain, it can also signal life-threatening conditions such as fractured ribs, internal bleeding, or damage to your heart or lungs. You should seek emergency medical care immediately if you experience chest pain or difficulty breathing after a collision. A car accident happens in seconds, but the injuries can last a lifetime. When your chest slams against the steering wheel, dashboard, or seatbelt, the force can cause damage you cannot see from the outside. Some injuries show up right away. Others take hours or even days to develop. That is why medical attention should never wait, and why you need a legal team that understands exactly what you are facing. Why Clients Trust Varghese Summersett for Car Accident Injuries At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, our personal injury team brings decades of combined experience fighting for accident victims across Texas. Partner Ty Stimpson, a graduate of Texas Southern University's Thurgood Marshall School of Law, leads our injury practice with a focus on securing maximum compensation for clients who have suffered serious harm through no fault of their own. Our firm includes more than 70 legal professionals working from offices in Fort Worth, Dallas, Houston, and Southlake. We have recovered millions for Texas families dealing with medical bills, lost wages, and pain and suffering after devastating car accidents. Several of our attorneys are former prosecutors who understand exactly how insurance companies build their cases to minimize what they pay you. When you call us, you speak directly with an attorney who can evaluate your claim. We work on contingency, which means you pay nothing unless we win your case. There are no upfront costs and no out-of-pocket fees. If another driver's negligence caused your accident and injuries, you deserve compensation, and we fight to get it. You've Seen Us On What Causes Chest Pain After a Car Accident? Chest pain following a collision can result from several different types of trauma. Understanding what may have caused your injury helps doctors treat you effectively and helps your legal team build a stronger case for compensation. Seatbelt Injuries Seatbelts save lives, but the same restraining force that keeps you from flying through the windshield can also cause significant chest injuries. When your body lurches forward at high speed and the seatbelt locks across your chest and shoulder, the pressure can bruise your chest wall, fracture ribs, or cause internal damage. The severity depends on the force of impact, your seating position, and your body type. Airbag Deployment Injuries According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), airbags reduce crash fatalities by nearly 30 percent. However, airbags deploy at speeds up to 200 miles per hour. That explosive force can cause chest bruising, abrasions, and even rib fractures. If the airbag strikes your chest at the wrong angle, the injuries can be severe. Steering Wheel and Dashboard Impact In frontal collisions and... > Our attorneys have become adept at maximizing a claim against Amica insurance. here is what you need to know if you have a claim against Amica. - Published: 2023-04-05 - Modified: 2023-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/claim-against-amica-insurance/ Handling a Car Accident Case with Amica Amica has served its policyholders for decades. However, like any other insurance company, they seek to minimize payments on claims. Understanding the tactics used by insurance adjusters can help you maximize your claim and ensure a fair settlement. In this article we will discuss how we handle a claim against Amica Insurance. Tactics Amica Adjusters Use to Minimize Payments Offering a Quick Settlement Insurance adjusters often try to offer a quick settlement to close the claim before the full extent of your damages is known. This tactic can leave you with a lower settlement than you deserve. Requesting a Recorded Statement Adjusters may ask for a recorded statement, but you are not obligated to provide one. They may use your words against you later to minimize the claim payout. Delaying the Claims Process By delaying the process, adjusters can wear you down and pressure you into accepting a lower settlement. Shifting the Blame Adjusters might try to shift the blame to you, even partially, in order to reduce the settlement amount based on comparative negligence. Underestimating Damages Adjusters may underestimate the cost of repairs or the extent of your injuries to minimize the payout. How to Maximize Your Claim against Amica Insurance Consult with Our Personal Injury Attorney To protect your rights and interests, consult a skilled attorney at Varghese Summersett who can help you navigate the claims process and counter adjuster tactics. As a leading Fort Worth law firm, Varghese Summersett provides expert guidance on navigating the often-challenging insurance claims process. Call us today at (817) 207-4878 or contact us online. Document Your Damages Keep detailed records of your damages, medical bills, lost wages, and other expenses to support your claim. Understand the Claim Process Once you've reported the accident, Amica will assign a claims adjuster to your case. The adjuster will investigate the accident, assess damages, and determine liability. It's crucial to be honest and provide accurate information to the adjuster. You can file a claim against Amica at 800-242-6422 or report your claim online. Dealing with Adjusters Insurance adjusters may try to minimize the payout, so it's essential to be cautious when speaking with them. If you've brought us on to pursue your claim, we will handle all of this for you. Keep detailed records of all your accident-related expenses, and don't sign any documents without consulting an attorney. Negotiating with Amica Your attorney will negotiate with Amica on your behalf to reach a fair settlement. They will use their knowledge of Texas car accident laws and your case's specifics to argue for the compensation you deserve. Reject Low Settlement Offers Don't feel pressured to accept a low settlement offer. Your attorney will negotiate on your behalf to obtain the fair compensation you deserve. Be Cautious with Recorded Statements If you decide to provide a recorded statement, consult with your attorney first to avoid saying anything that could be used against you. Be Patient Allow time to fully assess your... > Teen driver safety is every parent's concern. Our tips for parents of teenage drivers should help. Need legal help for a teen driver? Call Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-04-04 - Modified: 2023-04-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tips-for-parents-of-teenage-drivers/ Tips For Parents of Teenage Drivers: Statistics, Risks, and Legal Implications As teenagers get their driver's licenses, they look forward to the freedom and independence that comes with it. However, with this freedom comes great responsibility. According to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), teenage drivers are more likely to be involved in car accidents than any other age group. This article explores the risks and legal implications of teenage driving in Texas and provides helpful tips for parents of teenage drivers. Statistics on Teenage Driving in Texas Teenage drivers are responsible for a significant number of car accidents in Texas. In 2020, there were 314,886 total crashes involving motor vehicles in Texas. Of those, 67,648 involved drivers under the age of 21. In those accidents, 441 people were killed, and 4,223 were seriously injured. Furthermore, TxDOT reports that in 2020, there were 119,885 crashes in Texas involving drivers under the age of 25, resulting in 748 deaths and 6,343 serious injuries. The risk of being involved in a car accident is highest for 16-year-olds, who are nearly three times more likely to be involved in a fatal crash than drivers between the ages of 20 and 24. Risks Associated with Teenage Driving Several factors contribute to the higher risk of car accidents among teenage drivers. These include: Inexperience: Teenage drivers lack experience and are less able to recognize and react to potential hazards on the road. Distracted driving: Many teenage drivers are easily distracted by friends, cell phones, or other devices while driving, which increases the risk of an accident. Speeding: Teenage drivers are more likely to speed and engage in other risky driving behaviors. Impaired driving: Teenagers are more likely to drive under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Legal Implications of Teenage Driving Accidents When teenage drivers are involved in a car accident, they may face legal consequences. In Texas, a teenage driver who causes an accident may be liable for damages and injuries. If the accident resulted in a fatality, the driver could face criminal charges, including manslaughter or vehicular homicide. Parents of teenage drivers may also face legal consequences if their child causes an accident. Under Texas law, parents can be held liable for their child's actions if they knew or should have known that their child was likely to engage in the activity that caused the accident. Tips for Parents of Teenage Drivers Parents are essential in helping their teenagers become safe and responsible drivers. Here are some tips for parents of teenage drivers: Enroll your teen in a driver education course to teach them the rules of the road and safe driving techniques. Limit your teen's driving to daytime hours until they gain more experience. Prohibit your teen from using their cell phone or other devices while driving. Emphasize the importance of wearing seat belts and obeying speed limits and other traffic laws. Consider installing a tracking device on your teen's car to monitor their driving habits. As a parent, it's natural to... > Explore the link between car colors and crash risks, and discover the safest and most dangerous car colors for drivers. - Published: 2023-04-03 - Modified: 2023-07-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/car-colors-and-crash-risks/ Ever wondered if your car's color could impact your chances of getting into an accident? It may sound far-fetched, but there's a surprising connection between car colors and crash risks. In this article, our car accident lawyer will delve into the world of car colors, uncover which hues have the highest and lowest accident rates, and discuss additional factors that contribute to car crashes. What are the Safest Car Colors? When it comes to picking the safest car color to drive, research points towards lighter shades, such as white, silver, and yellow. These colors tend to be more visible on the road, particularly during nighttime or in low-light conditions. White Cars White is often considered the safest car color, as it reflects light and stands out against various backgrounds. This high visibility translates to a lower risk of accidents. In fact, white cars are associated with the lowest accident rates. According to past research by Monash University Accident Research Centre in Australia, white cars are 12 percent less likely to get into an accident than black vehicles during daylight hours. If you are concerned about visibility and safety, consider choosing a car color that is more easily visible in various lighting conditions, such as white or a bright color. Additionally, always practice safe driving habits, maintain your vehicle properly, and ensure that your car's lights are functioning correctly to minimize the risk of accidents. Yellow Cars Yellow is a unique car color with one of the highest visibility ratings. This is particularly true during low-light conditions, making it easier for other drivers to see yellow vehicles from farther away. Yellow cars also stand out against complex backgrounds and can help reduce the risk of accidents. Silver Cars Silver is another contender for the safest car color, as it also has strong visibility, especially during daylight hours. Silver cars are less likely to blend in with their surroundings, making them easier for other drivers to spot. What are the Most Dangerous Car Colors? On the flip side, some car colors are linked to higher accident rates due to their lack of visibility. When it comes to car colors and crash risks, black and red have been found to be the riskiest. Black Cars Black cars' safety concerns stem from their low visibility, especially at night or during poor weather conditions. This lack of visibility can make black car accidents more likely compared to their lighter counterparts. Black cars have been found to have the highest accident rates. Red Cars While not as dangerous as black cars, red car accidents are still relatively common due to the color's lack of visibility during certain lighting conditions and against particular backgrounds. Red cars generally have a higher accident risk than light colors. Dark Blue or Dark Green Cars Dark blue or dark green cars are also considered more dangerous due to their reduced visibility compared to lighter-colored vehicles. While there is an association between car colors and crash risks, it is essential to remember... > Understand home ownership and community property laws and how they apply to homes purchased before marriage. Consult with Varghese Summersett today - Published: 2023-04-01 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/community-property-and-home-ownership/ Is a House Purchased Before Marriage Considered Community Property in Texas? Texas follows community property laws during a divorce, which means that all assets and debts acquired during a marriage are divided equally between the spouses. However, property acquired before the marriage, also known as separate property, is not subject to division. Homeownership and community property laws in Texas can be complicated. If you are facing a divorce in Texas and have concerns about property division, such as the status of a house purchased before marriage, the Family Law Group at Varghese Summersett is here to help. Our team has the experience and knowledge to provide the guidance and representation you need. In this post, we'll examine home ownership and community property laws in Texas and how you can best protect your rights during a divorce. https://youtu. be/m8mNKBkaRnA? feature=shared Separate Property Versus Community Property Separate property includes any assets acquired before marriage, gifts, or inheritances. For example, if you ask, "Is a house bought before marriage marital property in Texas? " the answer is generally no. A house purchased before marriage is considered separate property, and the owning spouse retains full ownership in the event of a divorce. Community property, on the other hand, includes assets acquired during the marriage, such as income, real estate, and personal property. For example, if your husband bought a house before you were married in Texas, it would be considered separate property. However, if you both purchased a house after getting married, the home would be considered community property and subject to division. Texas home ownership and community property during a divorce requires the guidance of a dedicated family law attorney with Varghese Summersett. Factors That Can Change the Status of Property In some cases, the status of separate property can change during the marriage, making it subject to division under Texas community property divorce laws. Examples include: Commingling of Assets If the separate property is mixed with community property, it may become difficult to trace and could be considered community property in a divorce. For instance, if your husband had a house before you got married and both of your incomes were used to pay the mortgage, the house could be considered commingled and subject to division. Improvements Made During Marriage If significant improvements were made to the property during the marriage using community funds, a portion of the property's value might be considered community property. For example, if your husband owned a house before marriage in Texas and you both contributed to a major renovation, the increased value of the house may be subject to division. Reimbursement Claims In cases where community funds were used to pay the mortgage or improve separate property, the non-owning spouse may have a reimbursement claim. For instance, if your husband bought the house before marriage in Texas and you used marital funds to pay the mortgage, you might be entitled to reimbursement for your contributions. What if my wife and I both put money down on... > How do you get lost wages after a car accident that resulted in injuries in Texas? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how we can protect your rights. - Published: 2023-03-31 - Modified: 2023-03-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/lost-wages-after-a-car-accident/ Recovering Lost Wages After a Car Accident in Texas Car accidents can be life-changing events, and the financial consequences can be devastating. In addition to property damage and medical expenses, lost wages are a significant concern for many Texans. If you’ve been in a car accident in Fort Worth or anywhere else in Texas, it’s essential to understand your rights and the process of recovering lost wage compensation. This article provides a comprehensive guide on recovering lost wages after a car accident in Texas, with expert insight from Varghese Summersett’s experienced personal injury attorneys. https://youtu. be/XkFdHyUykdw What are Lost Wages in Texas? Lost earnings potential or wages refer to the income a person misses out on due to an inability to work after a car accident. This may include: Salary or hourly wages Overtime pay Bonuses and commissions Self-employment income Vacation or sick leave used during recovery How to Claim Lost Wage compensation from a Car Accident in Texas To claim lost wages in Texas, you’ll need to follow these steps: Report the accident: Inform your employer and the at-fault driver’s insurance company of your injuries and your intention to claim lost wages. Gather documentation: Collect evidence to support your claim, including medical records, pay stubs, tax returns, and a letter from your employer confirming your absence from work. Calculate your lost wages: Determine the total amount of wages you’ve lost as a result of the accident, including any benefits or other income sources. File a claim: Submit your lost wages claim to the at-fault driver’s insurance company or, if necessary, file a lawsuit against the responsible party. Proving Lost Wages in Texas To successfully recover lost wages in Texas, you must provide evidence to prove your claim. This may include: Medical documentation: Records of your injuries and treatment, along with a doctor’s note explaining your inability to work. Employment documentation: Pay stubs, tax returns, and a letter from your employer detailing your job, hours, and pay rate. Testimony: Statements from coworkers or clients attesting to your inability to work. Who Pays for Lost Wages in a Car Accident in Texas? In Texas, the at-fault driver’s insurance company is typically responsible for paying lost wage compensation. However, if the driver is uninsured or underinsured, you may need to file a claim with your insurance company or pursue a personal injury lawsuit. Insurance for lost wages in Texas Texas law does not require drivers to carry insurance specifically for lost wages. However, you may have optional personal injury protection (PIP) coverage, which can help cover lost wage compensation and medical expenses regardless of fault. If you don’t have PIP coverage, you may still recover lost wages through the at-fault driver’s liability insurance or by filing a lawsuit. What if the at-fault driver has no insurance? How am I compensated for lost wages? If the at-fault driver has no insurance, you have a few options to seek compensation for your lost income: Uninsured Motorist (UM) coverage: Check your own auto insurance policy... > Accused of parental kidnapping? Did your spouse take your child? Call Varghese Summersett Family Law Group for a top Fort Worth parental kidnapping lawyer. - Published: 2023-03-31 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-kidnapping/ How Does Texas Define Parental Kidnapping? It’s against Texas law for a noncustodial parent to knowingly entice or persuade a child to leave the custody of the custodial parent, guardian, or person standing in the stead of the custodial parent or guardian. Even if you’re the biological parent and the child wants to be with you, it’s still illegal, and you could face felony kidnapping charges. Parental Kidnapping - Penal Code Sec. 25. 03 Parental kidnapping, also known as interference with child custody, occurs in Texas under the following conditions: If a parent takes or keeps a child under 18 years old and knows that this action goes against a court order or judgment regarding the child's custody. If a parent who doesn't have custody of the child, and knows there is an ongoing divorce or custody case, takes the child out of the designated area without the court's permission, intending to avoid the court's authority. If a parent takes the child out of the country without the other parent's permission, intending to prevent the other parent from having access to or custody of the child. It's illegal in Texas for a non-custodial parent to knowingly persuade or entice a child to leave the custodial parent or guardian. Even if you're the biological parent and the child wants to be with you, it's still illegal, and you could face felony kidnapping charges. Even if you're the biological parent and the child wants to be with you, it's still illegal, and you could face felony kidnapping charges. If you're in this situation, consult with a skilled Fort Worth divorce lawyer. What Should You Do If the Other Parent Has Kidnapped Your Child in Texas? If you believe that the other parent has kidnapped your child in Texas, take the following steps immediately: Contact Law Enforcement: Call your local police department or sheriff's office right away. Provide them with any court orders related to custody, a description of your child, and any information about the other parent and their possible whereabouts. Contact a Family Law Attorney: Reach out to a skilled family law attorney who has experience with parental kidnapping cases. They can guide you through the legal process and help you understand your rights and options. Obtain a Court Order: If you do not already have one, obtain a custody order from the court. If you have a custody order, inform the court about the violation and seek enforcement of the order. Notify the Court: Your attorney will file a report with the court that issued your custody order. The court can take legal action against the parent who violated the order. Document Everything: Keep detailed records of all communication, actions taken, and any relevant information about the kidnapping. This can be crucial evidence in court. Seek Support: Consider contacting organizations that specialize in parental kidnapping and abduction cases. They can offer support and resources to help you navigate this difficult situation. Remember, parental kidnapping is a serious crime, and taking... > Have questions about updating your will after divorce in Texas? Don't delay. Contact the Family Law Group at Varghese Summersett to set up a consultation. - Published: 2023-03-31 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/updating-your-will-after-divorce/ Why you should update your will after a divorce in Texas In Texas, divorce automatically revokes any provisions in your will that name your former spouse. Under Texas Estates Code § 123. 001, any part of your will that designates your ex-spouse as a beneficiary, executor, or trustee is treated as if your ex-spouse died before you. But that automatic revocation only goes so far. You still need to update your will to protect your children, name new fiduciaries, and make sure your estate plan reflects your new reality. At Varghese Summersett, our family law team has guided hundreds of clients through divorce and the legal steps that follow. With more than 70 team members and four offices across Texas, including attorneys who handle estate planning alongside family law, we understand how divorce changes your entire legal picture. You've Seen Us On What Does Texas Law Automatically Change in Your Will After Divorce? When your divorce is finalized, Texas law steps in and revokes specific parts of your will that involve your former spouse. Under Texas Estates Code § 123. 001, the following provisions are treated as though your ex-spouse predeceased you: Any designation of your ex-spouse as a beneficiary of your estate Any appointment of your ex-spouse as the executor of your will Any appointment of your ex-spouse as a trustee of a trust created under your will Any grant of a general or special power of appointment to your ex-spouse This revocation happens automatically. You do not need to file any paperwork or appear in court for it to take effect. However, this only applies to your will. It does not automatically change beneficiary designations on life insurance policies, retirement accounts, or other financial instruments. Why Should You Still Update Your Will After Divorce? Even though Texas law removes your ex-spouse from your will, that alone does not create a complete estate plan. Several gaps remain that only a new or amended will can address. Protect Your Children's Inheritance If your will left everything to your ex-spouse with the expectation they would provide for your children, that plan no longer works. You may want to establish a trust for your children to provide financial stability and appoint a trusted person to manage those assets until your children reach adulthood. Name a New Executor and Trustee Your ex-spouse can no longer serve as your executor or trustee. If you do not name a replacement, the court will appoint someone. That person may not be who you would have chosen. Updating your will lets you decide who manages your estate and carries out your wishes. Update Your Beneficiaries Divorce often changes who you want to inherit from your estate. You may want to add new beneficiaries, adjust how assets are distributed, or ensure certain people are provided for. A new will makes your intentions clear. Prevent Legal Challenges An outdated will is easier to challenge in court. Family members or your ex-spouse could argue about your true intentions. A clearly... > Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese explains the Donald Trump indictment, including what's ahead for the former president. - Published: 2023-03-31 - Modified: 2023-08-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/donald-trump-indictment/ President-elect Donald Trump was sentenced today in the New York hush money case, marking a historic moment in U. S. history. Judge Juan M. Merchan imposed an "unconditional discharge," meaning Trump received no jail time, no probation, and no fines. This sentencing comes just 10 days before Trump is due to be sworn in for a second nonconsecutive term as President. Trump was convicted in May of 34 felony counts related to falsifying business records to conceal a $130,000 payment to adult film actress Stormy Daniels. This conviction makes Trump the first person with a felony conviction to assume the presidency. Despite the sentencing, Trump maintains his innocence and has indicated he plans to appeal the verdict19. The case has been ongoing since 2018, with Trump and his lawyers challenging prosecutors at every turn. In this article, which has been updated during the pendency of the case, Board Certified Criminal Attorney Benson Varghese explains what's the behind the prosecution, the criminal process, and answers questions about this precedent-setting prosecution. What was Donald Trump convicted of? Donald Trump was convicted on May 31, 2024, by a jury in Manhattan. The jury found him guilty on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records related to hush money payments made during his 2016 presidential campaign. The verdict came after approximately a day and a half of deliberations, making Trump the first former U. S. president to be convicted of felony crimes in the nation's history. The 34 counts specifically pertained to: 11 invoices from Michael Cohen 9 general ledger entries for Donald J. Trump 9 checks from Donald J. Trump 3 general ledger entries for the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust 2 checks from the Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust The case centered around a $130,000 payment made to adult film actress Stormy Daniels to keep her quiet about an alleged sexual encounter with Trump. Prosecutors argued that Trump falsified business records to disguise the reimbursement of this payment to his former lawyer, Michael Cohen, as legal expenses. What about the Donald Trump Indictment? Trump was indicted on March 30, 2023, by a Manhattan grand jury on 34 counts of falsifying business records, becoming the first current or former president to face criminal charges in the last century. A count can be any unique manner and means to commit an offense. In other words, it is not that the indictment alleges 34 unique offenses in the way most people would understand an offense. Instead, each ledger entry and check has been made its own "count. " Click Here to Read The Donald-J-Trump-Indictment Falsifying a business record is a misdemeanor in New York, but it becomes a felony if the intent of falsifying the business record was to commit or conceal another crime. The purpose of the indictment is to give notice to the accused what he is being charged with. If faced with this type of indictment in state court, Varghese Summersett would assuredly respond with a Motion to Quash the indictment. Is... > Have you wondered how pre-existing conditions affect car accident claims? Contact Varghese Summersett today to learn how we'll protect your rights. - Published: 2023-03-31 - Modified: 2023-07-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pre-existing-conditions-affect-car-accident-claims/ Yes! You can be compensated for a pre-existing condition after a car accident in Texas. However, the process of obtaining compensation for your car accident settlement pre-existing condition in Texas can be more complex than a typical personal injury claim. If you are seeking compensation for pre-existing conditions after a car accident in Texas, consult with a Varghese Summersett personal injury attorney today. https://youtu. be/EV_N7nb6htY Understanding Pre-Existing Conditions and Texas Law A pre-existing condition is an injury, illness, or medical issue that you had before the accident. In Texas, the law allows individuals to seek compensation for pre-existing conditions if a car accident aggravated their condition. The key is to establish that the accident worsened or caused additional harm to the pre-existing condition. The "Eggshell Plaintiff" Rule Under the "eggshell plaintiff" rule, defendants must take their victims as they find them. This means that if a car accident aggravated a pre-existing condition, the at-fault party is still responsible for compensating you for the aggravation of that condition. The "Eggshell Plaintiff" Rule is a well-established legal principle applied in personal injury cases across the United States, including Texas. It is a commonly-used rule in Texas courts when handling cases involving victims with pre-existing conditions or vulnerabilities. The rule means defendants are responsible for the full extent of any injuries sustained by the victim, even if the victim had a pre-existing condition or vulnerability that made them more susceptible to injury. This rule ensures that compensation for pre-existing conditions isn't unfairly denied to victims simply because they were more fragile or susceptible to injury than an average person. Attorneys representing plaintiffs in Texas personal injury cases are likely to rely on the "Eggshell Plaintiff" Rule when arguing for compensation for their clients with pre-existing conditions. They will use this rule, along with supporting medical evidence, to demonstrate that the defendant is responsible for compensating the plaintiff for the full extent of their injuries, including any exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. Proving Your Car Accident Aggravated a Pre-Existing Condition To secure a fair settlement for compensation for pre-existing conditions after a car accident, you'll need to prove that the accident made your pre-existing condition worse. Some common examples of aggravated injuries include: Pre-existing back injury settlement: A car accident can worsen a pre-existing back injury, leading to more severe pain or limitations in mobility. Whiplash injury with a pre-existing condition:If you already had a neck issue before the accident, a whiplash injury can exacerbate your condition, causing additional pain and suffering. To prove your pre-existing injury was aggravated in car accident, our attorneys at Varghese Summersett will gather evidence, such as medical records and expert testimony, to demonstrate the connection between the accident and the worsening of your condition. How insurance companies evaluate personal injury claims with pre-existing conditions Insurance companies often use pre-existing conditions as a reason to deny or reduce compensation. They may argue that your condition existed before the accident and is not their responsibility. This is why it's crucial to... > Ever wonder what should you never say to an insurance company? Here are our top tips to keep you out of trouble with your insurance adjuster. - Published: 2023-03-29 - Modified: 2023-03-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-should-you-never-say-to-an-insurance-company/ The Importance of Guarding Your Words After a traffic accident, dealing with insurance companies can be a daunting task. It is essential to understand how to protect your rights and avoid jeopardizing your claim. This article offers valuable insights into the top five things you should never disclose to insurance companies after a traffic accident. By following these guidelines, you can increase your chances of receiving fair compensation for your losses. Let's dive right into, "What Should You Never Say to an Insurance Company? " 1. Don't Admit Fault or Apologize Why admitting fault is a bad idea In the aftermath of an accident, it's natural to feel guilty or want to apologize. However, doing so can have significant consequences for your insurance claim. Admitting fault or apologizing can be misconstrued as accepting liability for the accident, which may lead to a reduced or denied claim. It is a common mistake, which is why it is number 1 on our list for what should you never say to an insurance company. How to handle conversations without admitting fault Instead of admitting fault, focus on providing accurate information about the accident. Describe the events factually and avoid giving personal opinions. Let the insurance adjusters and investigators determine who is at fault based on the evidence. 2. Avoid Speculating on the Cause of the Accident The risks of making assumptions Speculating on the cause of the accident can hurt your claim. Your assumptions may not be accurate and could be used against you by the insurance company. If they can show that your speculation contradicts the facts, they may attempt to discredit your account or deny your claim altogether. How to stick to the facts Instead of speculating, focus on providing a detailed and factual account of the events leading up to and during the accident. Mention the time, location, weather conditions, and any other relevant details. Leave the determination of the accident's cause to the experts, such as the police and the insurance company's investigators. 3. Do Not Discuss Your Injuries in Detail The danger of providing incomplete or inaccurate information Discussing your injuries in detail with the insurance company before you have a comprehensive medical evaluation can be detrimental to your claim. You may unintentionally minimize the severity of your injuries or fail to mention symptoms that develop later. The insurance company could use this information to argue that your injuries are not as severe as you claim. The importance of seeking medical attention Instead, seek medical attention as soon as possible after the accident and follow your healthcare provider's recommendations. Once you have a complete understanding of your injuries and their potential long-term effects, consult with your attorney before discussing your injuries with the insurance company. 4. Refrain from Providing a Recorded Statement Why recorded statements can be problematic Insurance companies may request a recorded statement to gather information about the accident Insurance companies may request a recorded statement to gather information about the accident. However, these recorded statements... > A recent AMA on Reddit featured an insurance adjuster who welcomed questions about the claim process. The most upvoted question and answer established what - Published: 2023-03-29 - Modified: 2023-03-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-scare-an-insurance-adjuster/ A recent AMA on Reddit featured an insurance adjuster who welcomed questions about the claim process. The most upvoted question and answer established what any good personal injury lawyer would tell you about how to scare an insurance adjuster. Here's how to scare an insurance adjuster: The number one way to scare an insurance adjuster is to hire an attorney. Hire an Experienced Personal Injury Attorney Why? First and foremost, many trial lawyers like the ones at Varghese Summersett operate on a contingency fee basis - which means there are not out of pocket costs. Moreover, personal injury lawyers develop trust relationships with medical providers so that you can get the medical care you need without coming out of pocket for those expenses. Something that might be counterintuitive is the fact that when a lawyer is on a claim, the claim gets assigned to a more senior adjuster - the senior adjuster will in turn have far more authority to settle a claim at a higher value than the front line adjuster would have. Finally, to quote the insurance adjuster, "We do pay out on more on attorney-represented claims. Otherwise they wouldn't settle and it would cost us a lot more in litigation. " Additional Tips on How to Scare Insurance Adjusters Understand the Role of Insurance Adjusters An insurance adjuster's job is to assess the value of an insurance claim and make a settlement offer to the claimant. While they may seem friendly and helpful, their primary goal is to save their company money by offering the lowest possible settlement. Understand they are taught to Deny, Defend, and Delay. Deny, Defend, and Delay is an Adjuster's Mantra Deny Adjusters may outright deny a claim by disputing the insured's coverage, arguing that the incident falls outside the scope of the policy. They may also assert that the claimant's damages are not covered or question the claimant's injuries. Defend Insurance adjusters may aggressively defend their company's position by challenging the claimant's account of the accident or the severity of their injuries. They may also enlist the help of experts to discredit the claimant's case, creating doubt and reducing the potential settlement. Delay Insurance adjusters may use delaying tactics to wear down claimants, hoping they'll accept a lower settlement or abandon their claim altogether. Delays can include requests for additional documentation, slow response times, or drawn-out negotiations. Strategies to Scare Insurance Adjusters into Offering Fair Settlements Know the Value of Your Claim Your attorney's knowledge about the value of your claim can intimidate insurance adjusters. We have experience and research that covers similar cases. Consult with a Varghese Summersett attorney to determine an appropriate settlement range. This knowledge will signal to the adjuster that lowball offers won't be tolerated. Document Everything Thoroughly We gather and organize all relevant documents, including medical records, bills, witness statements, and photos of the scene or injury. Detailed documentation shows the adjuster that you have a strong case. Avoid Giving Recorded Statements Insurance adjusters may ask for... > We prepared this glossary of Personal Injury terms to help you navigate through a personal injury or wrongful death claim in Texas. - Published: 2023-03-27 - Modified: 2023-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/personal-injury-glossary/ What is an Accident Report An accident report is a report prepared by law enforcement officers following an accident, which documents the details of the incident. What are Actual Damages? The compensation awarded for the actual loss incurred by the injured party. What is an Affidavit A written statement made under oath. What is Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)? ADR refers to methods of resolving disputes outside of court, such as mediation or arbitration. What is Arbitration? A process in which a neutral third party listens to the arguments of both sides and makes a binding decision. What is Assumption of Risk? A defense asserting that the injured party voluntarily accepted the risk associated with the activity that caused the injury. What is the At-Fault Party The person or entity responsible for causing an accident or injury. What is Attorney-Client Privilege? The confidentiality of communication between a lawyer and a client. What is Bad Faith? When an insurance company fails to deal fairly and honestly with an insured party. What is a Bench Trial? A trial where a judge, rather than a jury, hears the case and makes a decision. What is the Burden of Proof? The responsibility of a party to prove the truth of their claims in a legal proceeding. What is Causation? The act or process that produces an effect or result. What is a Civil Lawsuit? A legal action filed by one party against another for monetary damages or other relief. What is a Claim? A demand for compensation made by an injured party. What is Comparative Negligence? A legal doctrine that apportions fault between parties based on their level of responsibility for an accident or injury. What is a Complaint? The initial document filed by a plaintiff in a lawsuit, which sets forth the facts and legal basis for their claims. What are Compensatory Damages? Monetary compensation awarded to a plaintiff for their actual losses. What is a Contingency Fee? A fee arrangement where a lawyer is paid a percentage of the recovery if the case is successful. What is Contributory Negligence? A legal doctrine that bars a plaintiff from recovering damages if they contributed to their own injury. What is a Counterclaim? A claim filed by a defendant against a plaintiff in response to the plaintiff’s original claim. What is Cross-Examination? The questioning of a witness by the opposing party during a trial or deposition. What are Damages? Damages refer to monetary compensation awarded to a plaintiff in a lawsuit. Who is the Defendant in a Civil Lawsuit? The defendant is the party against whom a lawsuit is filed. What is a Deposition? A pretrial process where a witness provides sworn testimony under oath, which can be used as evidence in a trial. What is Discovery in a Civil Lawsuit The pretrial process of obtaining evidence from the opposing party. What is the Dram Shop Act? A law that holds establishments liable for serving alcohol to intoxicated patrons who subsequently cause injury to others. What... > There are a number of reasons why it is hard to get treatment after an accident. Find out why and how Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group can help. 817-207-HURT. - Published: 2023-03-26 - Modified: 2023-03-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/treatment-after-an-accident/ If you've been injured in an accident in Texas, it's important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. In most cases, the nearest emergency room is the obvious and best choice. But some people elect to wait and see their primary care physician - only to find out getting treatment after an accident is harder than they would have imagined and their primary care physician is unlikely to treat them. Unfortunately, it's not uncommon for some primary care doctors - even ones you've been seeing for years - to turn away accident victims. For them, it's not worth the time or hassle to wait for their bills to be paid through a settlement or trial - or take on the risk that attorneys do - that they may not be paid at all. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law group explain why doctors refuse to see accident victims and what you should do if your doctor won't treat you after an accident. Can Your Primary Doctor Legally Refuse to Treat You After an Accident in Texas? In short, yes. Although it's disappointing when your primary doctor won't treat you after an accident, it is within their rights. Under Texas law, general healthcare providers are allowed to refuse care as long as it is done without discrimination. This means the doctor cannot refuse to treat you because of your race, gender, or sexual orientation. However, they can refuse to see you for just about any other reason, including if your injury was caused by someone's else's negligence and may result in legal action. Having said that, the rules are different for hospital emergency room doctors. Under federal law, hospitals are required to provide emergency care. This means that emergency room doctors cannot legally refuse to treat accident victims or turn them away. 5 Reasons Why You're Doctor Won't Treat You After an Accident Car wrecks or slip-and-fall accidents are extremely common, and they can lead to various injuries, which may require significant long-term treatment. It's natural to assume that you can just make an appointment with your doctor and receive the necessary medical care after an accident. However, it's not always the case, and you may find that your doctor won't treat you after an accident or car crash. Here are five main reasons why primary care doctors refuse accident victims: 1. The Doctor Doesn't Want to Deal with Attorneys and Insurance Companies Doctors are extremely busy, and the last thing they want to do is deal with injury attorneys and insurance agents. They don't have time to become drawn into a legal battle as an expert witness and to have their notes and opinions analyzed or otherwise be involved in a bitter dispute over a patient's injuries and treatment. To avoid the legal process, they will just decline to see the patient altogether. If doctors wanted to be in court, they would have become lawyers. 2. The Doctor Doesn't Want to Fight to... > World turned upside down due to an accident? You may be able to entitled compensation for pain and suffering. Call 817-207-4878 (HURT) - Published: 2023-03-25 - Modified: 2023-03-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/pain-and-suffering-in-texas/ https://youtu. be/nMbCjdF9uso Pain and suffering. Those words are very common - and powerful - in personal injury cases. That's because every person who is injured in an accident due to someone else's negligence is going to experience some level of pain and suffering - and they deserve to be compensated for it. But what exactly qualifies as pain and suffering and how do you quantify it? How do you put a price on physical and emotional trauma? In this article, our North Texas personal injury attorneys explain pain and suffering in Texas, the types of medical conditions that may qualify, how to calculate it, and how our team can help maximize your financial recovery. Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group is dedicated to fighting for the injured and the wronged - people whose lives have been upended through no fault of their own. If you or someone you love has suffered an injury or died due to someone else's negligence in Fort Worth, Dallas, or the surrounding areas we encourage you to contact us today for a free consultation. What is Pain and Suffering in Texas? In Texas, pain and suffering is a legal term that refers to the physical and emotional distress that an individual experiences as a result of an accident caused by someone else's negligence. It is a type of non-economic damage that cannot be easily quantified. Pain and suffering can stem from car wrecks, slip and falls, defective products, animal bites, the list goes on. Most people understand the tangible aspect of personal injury cases. For example, if you broke your leg and arm in a wreck caused by a wrong-way driver, you would expect the driver's insurance company to pay for your medical bills, damaged vehicle, and lost wages due to time off from work. But what about the excruciating pain you feel every time you have to move your body? Or the nightmares you have every night? Or the crippling fear of being in a car again? That's where pain and suffering come in. Pain and suffering is a type of non-economic damage and can include physical pain, psychological trauma, loss of enjoyment of life, embarrassment, humiliation, or any other type of non-monetary damage. What Types of Physical Medical Conditions Qualify as Pain and Suffering? Physical pain is the most common type of pain and suffering that people experience in personal injury cases. This type of pain and suffering refers to any physical discomfort that you endure as a result of the accident. In some cases, the pain may be chronic, or even, permanent. Examples of medical conditions that may qualify for physical pain and suffering compensation include: Broken bones Spinal Injuries Neck Injuries Burns Traumatic Brain Injuries Internal injuries Loss of limb or Amputation Paralysis Headaches Nerve Damage Dislocated Joints What Types of Emotional Conditions May Qualify as Pain and Suffering? Emotional pain and suffering - also known as mental or emotional pain or anguish - refers to any emotional distress or trauma that... > Don't think you can afford a personal injury lawyer? We work on a contingency fee, which means we don't get paid unless you get paid. Call 817-203-2220 for free consult. - Published: 2023-03-25 - Modified: 2024-01-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/contingency-fee-agreements/ If you've been seriously injured in an accident due to someone else's negligence, life may seem pretty unfair right now. You're too hurt to work. Bills are piling up. Adjusters, collectors, and doctors keep calling. You have no idea how you're going to get back on your feet - physically or financially. You would like legal help but have no way to pay for a personal injury lawyer - and no one to turn to for assistance. Fortunately, there is light at the end of the tunnel. Many personal injury attorneys - including the ones at Varghese Summersett - work on a contingency fee basis, which means you don't pay anything upfront. You only pay if - and when - the attorney wins or settles your case. In this article, our attorneys explain contingency fees, the benefits of hiring an attorney who works on a contingency fee basis, and why you won't owe us a penny unless we win. https://youtu. be/1LLfNHdDPQI   What is a Contingency Fee? A contingency fee is a type of payment arrangement between an injured party and their lawyer, in which the lawyer only collects payment if they successfully settle or win the case on behalf of their client. Contingency fees are common in personal injury cases because they allow clients who are struggling financially the ability to hire an experienced attorney. Personal injury attorneys who work on a contingency fee basis take on the financial risk of the case and only get paid if they are successful in recovering compensation for their client. Their fee is a predetermined percentage of the amount that the client is awarded. For example, if a client is awarded $100,000, and the contingency fee is 33 percent, then the lawyer would receive $33,000. How are Contingency Fees Determined? Contingency fees are determined at the time of the contingency fee agreement contract. The percentage is usually 33 to 40 percent of the settlement or the award at trial. The percentage may vary depending on the complexity of the case and the extent of work and expertise of the attorney. Under Section 1. 04 of the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct, the contingency fee percentage and agreement must be determined before representation begins and be in writing. How Do Contingency Fees Benefit Clients? There are several key advantages: No Upfront Cost: This is a huge relief for many clients. Personal injury cases often come during difficult times – maybe after a car accident or a workplace injury. The last thing you want to worry about is how to afford a lawyer. With a contingency fee, there's no financial barrier to seeking legal help. Risk-Sharing: The lawyer takes on significant risk because if the case is lost, they don't get paid. This aligns the lawyer’s interests with yours – they are motivated to win or secure the best possible settlement. Accessibility: It democratizes access to legal services. Even if you don't have the means to pay a lawyer hourly, you can still... > Is it illegal to.... in Texas? In this post, we answer commonly asked questions about the legality of common situations. - Published: 2023-03-24 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-illegal/ Texas has some laws that are well known and others that may surprise you. Whether you are wondering about driving rules, weapons, recording laws, or property rights, this guide answers more than 50 of the most commonly Googled "Is it illegal to... " questions about Texas law, with the specific statutes that apply. At Varghese Summersett, we have handled thousands of criminal cases across Texas and have a unique perspective on the questions people ask most. Our team of over 70 attorneys and legal professionals, including board-certified specialists in criminal law, has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800 charge reductions. Below, we tackle real questions with real answers. Grab a cup of coffee and join us as we cover everything from driving barefoot to recording conversations, sleeping in your car to tracking someone with an AirTag. You've Seen Us On Watch: 10 Weird Texas Laws You Won't Believe Still Exist https://youtu. be/x1O7Osug-Dc Driving Questions Is it illegal to drive without insurance in Texas? YesTexas law requires all drivers to carry minimum liability insurance. Driving without insurance could result in a $350 fine for a first offense and up to $1,000 for later offenses. Your license and vehicle registration could also be suspended, and you may need to file an SR-22 form with Texas DPS. Texas requires at least 30/60/25 coverage: $30,000 for bodily injury per person, $60,000 per accident, and $25,000 for property damage per accident. Learn more: Minimum car insurance in Texas Is it illegal to text while driving in Texas? YesTexting while driving is illegal under Texas Transportation Code § 545. 4251. Drivers may not read, write, or send electronic messages while operating a motor vehicle unless stopped. Exceptions include navigation, reporting illegal activity, or calling for emergency help. Is it illegal to drive barefoot in Texas? NoNo Texas law prohibits driving barefoot. In fact, no state in the U. S. outlaws it. Some cities may have local ordinances, but it is not a state violation. Learn more: Is it illegal to drive barefoot in Texas? Is it illegal to drive with headphones on in Texas? NoNo Texas law specifically prohibits wearing headphones while driving. However, if headphones cause distracted driving that leads to an accident, other charges could apply. Texas also prohibits texting while driving, and some of those statutes can be applied broadly to electronic distractions. Is it illegal to drive with a broken tail light in Texas? YesUnder Texas Transportation Code § 547. 322, vehicles must have at least two red taillights visible from at least 1,000 feet. A broken or non-functioning taillight can result in a traffic stop and citation. Is it illegal to not use a turn signal in Texas? YesTexas Transportation Code § 545. 104 requires drivers to signal at least 100 feet before turning or changing lanes. Failing to signal can lead to accidents and traffic citations. Is it illegal to drive through a red light when turning right? It dependsUnder Texas Transportation Code § 544. 007, right turns on... > Ready to start the adoption process in Texas? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consulation with an experienced Fort Worth adoption lawyer today. - Published: 2023-03-23 - Modified: 2023-03-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adoption-process-in-texas/ Adoption is a beautiful journey that brings joy and forever homes to countless children. But the road to adoption in Texas can also be an emotional roller coaster. With so many twists and turns, it’s easy to get overwhelmed. That's why it's so important to have the right legal guidance. Whether you’re a stepparent, grandparent, or just someone with love to share understanding the adoption process in Texas is crucial. At Varghese Summersett, our experienced adoption attorneys can help you navigate this exciting time and ensure a successful adoption. In this article, our Fort Worth adoption lawyers will explain the adoption process in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions. What is an Adoption in Texas? Adoption in Texas is a legal process through which an individual or a couple assumes parental rights and responsibilities for a child, permanently severing the legal relationship between the child and their biological parents. This process results in the formation of a new, legally recognized family unit. The adoptive parents take on all legal, financial, and emotional responsibilities for the child, and the child gains the same legal rights and benefits as if they were the biological child of the adoptive parents. To complete an adoption in Texas, prospective adoptive parents must comply with state laws and regulations. These laws are designed to ensure the best interests of the child and protect the rights of all parties involved in the adoption process in Texas. When Can a Child Be Adopted in Texas? In Texas, any adult may adopt a child as long as specific conditions are met, and the adoption process is successfully completed. Here are some of the primary requirements and situations in which a child can be adopted: Termination of parental rights: The biological parent's rights must be terminated, either voluntarily or involuntarily, before an adoption can take place. This ensures that the adoptive parents can assume full legal, financial, and emotional responsibility for the child. Consent: In some cases, consent is required from the child, the child's legal guardian, or the managing conservator before proceeding with the adoption. In Texas, a child who is 12 years old or older must provide their consent for the adoption, unless the court determines that it is not in the child's best interest to obtain their consent. Home study: Prospective adoptive parents must complete a home study conducted by a licensed caseworker. The home study evaluates the prospective parents' ability to provide a stable, loving, and supportive environment for the child. Eligibility: Adoptive parents must meet certain eligibility requirements, such as being at least 21 years old, financially stable, and able to pass a criminal background check. Waiting period: There may be a waiting period or legal requirements related to when a child can be adopted. For example, in Texas, a birth mother cannot sign the affidavit of voluntary relinquishment until 48 hours after the birth of the child. Also, a child can be adopted after living with the petitioner for six months, but this... > Intensive Day Treatment (IDT) programs offer an alternative sentencing option for eligible individuals charged with certain criminal offenses. - Published: 2023-03-22 - Modified: 2023-03-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/intensive-day-treatment/ Understanding Intensive Day Treatment Programs Intensive Day Treatment (IDT) programs in Tarrant County provide an alternative sentencing option for eligible individuals charged with certain criminal offenses. These programs are designed to rehabilitate and reintegrate individuals into society by addressing underlying issues such as substance abuse, mental and behavioral health, and behavioral problems. IDT programs are typically court-ordered and involve a structured, daily schedule of counseling, education, and therapy sessions. Eligibility Requirements for Intensive Day Treatment To be eligible for an IDT program, individuals must meet the following criteria: Tarrant County resident History of mental health and/or substance abuse issues At risk of reoffending without intervention Willing to participate in the program Non-violent criminal charges No prior felony drug convictions Demonstrated need for treatment services Approval by the judge overseeing the case Benefits of Intensive Day Treatment in Tarrant County Reduced Incarceration and Recidivism Rates IDT programs aim to reduce the likelihood of future criminal behavior by addressing the root causes of criminal conduct. Participants who successfully complete the program may avoid jail time, have their charges reduced, or receive a more lenient sentence. Improved Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment IDT programs focus on both mental health services and substance abuse treatment, providing participants with resources and support to address their underlying issues. This holistic approach promotes personal growth and long-term recovery. Increased Employment and Educational Opportunities By participating in an IDT program, individuals and youth can gain valuable life skills training, education, and employment training. These opportunities can help participants achieve self-sufficiency and establish a stable, productive future. Components of the Intensive Day Treatment Program The IDT program in Tarrant County comprises the following: Group therapy sessions Substance abuse treatment Mental health counseling Life skills training Case management services Organizations offering IDT or similar programs in Tarrant County Many Tarrant County organizations offer mental health, substance abuse, or developmental disability services. These organizations may have IDT programs or other intensive outpatient programs. Among those most prominent are: My Health My Resources (MHMR) of Tarrant County: MHMR is a prominent provider of mental health, substance abuse, and developmental disability services in Tarrant County. They offer various programs, which may include IDT or similar intensive services. Lena Pope: Lena Pope is a non-profit organization that provides mental health services, including counseling and therapy, for children, adolescents, and their families in Tarrant County. Their services may include intensive day treatment programs or other intensive outpatient programs. Excel Center of Fort Worth: The Excel Center is a part of the Mental Health America of Greater Tarrant County and offers an intensive outpatient program (IOP) for adults experiencing mental health issues. While this is not an IDT program, it does provide a higher level of care than traditional outpatient services. Recovery Resource Council: This organization provides substance abuse treatment and mental health services, including intensive outpatient programs for adults and adolescents. What is Tarrant County MHMR? Tarrant County MHMR (Mental Health My Resources) is a community-based organization providing mental health, intellectual and developmental disability,... > Legally, it doesn't matter who files for divorce first in Texas - but there may be advantages to making the first move. Learn more. - Published: 2023-03-20 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/files-for-divorce-first-in-texas/ If you absolutely, unequivocally know that your marriage is over, you may be wondering if you should file for divorce first – or wait for your spouse to make the first move. Legally, it doesn’t matter who files for divorce first in Texas, but there may be some advantages to one spouse striking first. In this article, we’ll explain the pros and cons of filing for divorce first in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions by divorce attorneys. Please also watch this informative video by Fort Worth divorce attorney Turner Thornton who offers his insights on the matter. If you absolutely, unequivocally know that your marriage is over, you may be wondering if you should file for divorce first – or wait for your spouse to make the first move. Legally, it doesn’t matter who files for divorce first in Texas, but there may be some advantages to one spouse striking first. In this article, we’ll explain the pros and cons of filing for divorce first in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions by divorce attorneys. Please also watch this informative video by Fort Worth divorce attorney Turner Thornton who offers his insights on the matter. https://youtu. be/c1oCXPQSP7A So, how exactly does someone “file for divorce” in Texas? In Texas, the divorce process begins when a spouse files something called an “original petition for divorce” with the clerk’s office in the county where one or more control both of the parties reside. The spouse who files the divorce petition is known as “the Petitioner,” while the other spouse is known as “the Respondent. ” The original petition for divorce doesn’t have to be complex or lengthy but must contain some basic information and state that the petitioner is seeking a divorce from the respondent. Once filed with the clerk, a case number will be issued, and a judge will be assigned to the case. When people say they have “filed for divorce,” this is the process to which they are referring. Is it better to file for divorce first? Every divorce case is different, so what may be advantageous for one person may not be for another. That said, there are a few potential benefits to the party who files for divorce first: You Choose the Venue. In Texas, the original petition for divorce must be filed in the county where either the petitioner or respondent has lived for at least 90 days. So, if you and your spouse are already separated and live in different counties, you may prefer to have proceedings in the county where you live. If your spouse files for divorce first, he or she may opt to have proceedings occur in court location in the county where he or she lives, which may be inconvenient for you. We have had clients who have had to make long drives – or even fly – to attend hearings. Choosing the county in which you live may also be favorable in terms of local rules and... > In Texas family law, emergency custody orders can play a critical role in ensuring the safety and well-being of children involved in a family dispute. Whether - Published: 2023-03-20 - Modified: 2023-04-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/emergency-custody-orders/ In Texas family law, emergency custody orders can play a critical role in ensuring the safety and well-being of children involved in a family dispute. Whether you are seeking to protect your own children or seeking custody of someone else's children, it is important to understand the legal process for obtaining an emergency custody order in Texas. What is an Emergency Custody Order in Texas? An emergency custody order is a court order issued by a Texas judge that temporarily awards custody of a child to one party while a full custody hearing is pending. This type of temporary injunction order is typically sought in urgent situations, such as when a child is in immediate danger or when there is a risk of the child being removed from the state. Understanding Emergency Custody Orders Emergency custody orders, also known as temporary restraining orders (TROs) with orders of protection, are temporary court orders that can be issued without notice to the other parent in situations where a child's immediate safety or well-being is at risk. These temporary orders can grant temporary custody to one parent or place restrictions on the other parent's access to the child. Some common situations in custody cases that may warrant an emergency custody order include: Physical, emotional, or sexual abuse Child abandonment or neglect Parental kidnapping or threats to remove the child from the state or country Substance abuse or mental health issues posing an imminent danger to the child Other urgent circumstances that jeopardize the child's safety or well-being The Process of Obtaining an Emergency Custody Order Prepare the necessary documents: To request an emergency custody order, you must file a sworn affidavit with the court detailing the specific facts and circumstances that demonstrate the immediate danger to the child. Additionally, you need to complete a Petition for Temporary Restraining Order and a Proposed Order. These documents should be filed along with your divorce or modification petition. Ex parte hearing: An ex parte hearing is a court proceeding where only one party is present. The judge will review your affidavit and other documents to determine if there is enough evidence to warrant an emergency order. If the judge agrees, they will issue a temporary order without the other parent's input. Serve the order: Once the emergency custody order has been granted, it must be served on the other parent by a process server or law enforcement officer. This ensures that the other parent is aware of the order and its restrictions. Full hearing: Texas law requires that a full hearing be held within 14 days of issuing an ex parte emergency custody order. Both parties will have the opportunity to present their case, and the judge will decide whether to extend the temporary order, modify it, or dismiss it. If the emergency order is extended or modified, it will remain in effect until a final custody order is issued as part of the divorce or modification process. When Can You Request an Emergency Custody Order... > January and August are popular months for divorce. Call 817-203-2220 for a consultation with an experienced North Texas divorce lawyer. - Published: 2023-03-19 - Modified: 2024-01-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/popular-months-for-divorce/ If you've been considering divorce lately, you are not alone. January is one of the popular months for divorce inquiries and filings in Texas. There are a number of reasons why people choose to wait until after the holidays to end their marriages. In this article, we'll explore the most popular months for divorce in Texas and why these trends may occur. The Most Popular Months for Divorce in Texas According to research, August and January are the most popular months for divorce filings in Texas. January sees a spike in filings after the holiday season, while August sees a surge before the start of the school year. In fact, January has been dubbed "Divorce Month. " Why are August and January Popular Months for Divorce? There are several reasons why January and August may be popular months for divorce filings in Texas. In January, couples may be more likely to file for divorce after the holiday season. The holiday season can be a stressful time for couples, and the added pressure of family gatherings and gift-giving can exacerbate existing issues. Once the holidays are over, couples may feel more motivated to start the divorce process. In August, couples may be more likely to file for divorce before the start of the school year. This timing allows children to start the school year with some stability, and gives parents time to adjust to new routines before the school year begins. It's worth noting that while January and August are popular months for divorce filings, divorces can occur at any time of year. Some couples may choose to file for divorce during other months for a variety of reasons. What to Consider When Filing for Divorce If you're considering filing for divorce in Texas, it's important to understand the process and your options. Working with an experienced family law attorney can help ensure that your rights and interests are protected throughout the divorce process. In Texas, divorce proceedings can be complex, with a range of issues to consider, including property division, child custody, and spousal support. An attorney can help you navigate these issues and develop a strategy that works for your unique situation. It's also important to understand the emotional toll that divorce can take on you and your family. Seeking support from family, friends, or a therapist can be helpful during this difficult time. Here's a look at some of the most common reasons why January and August are popular months for divorce in Texas. The Holidays Are Over: The holidays are a difficult time for many couples considering divorce. In fact, spouses often choose to stay together until after the holidays to avoid the stress, pain, and disruption that comes with filing for divorce during a season of celebration. After all, who wants to ruin Christmas for the kids? Once the New Year rolls around, couples are often more ready to finally part ways for good. New Year's Resolutions: Many individuals want to start the new year with... > Adultery and Property Division in Texas Divorce, understanding the impact. - Published: 2023-03-19 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-and-property-division/ What is adultery in Texas? Adultery in Texas is voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than their spouse. Under Texas law, kissing, sexting, and other sexual contact do not meet the legal definition. If you can prove adultery occurred, it can affect property division, spousal maintenance, and other parts of your divorce. If you're reading this, you're probably dealing with something incredibly painful. Discovering a spouse's infidelity shakes everything you thought you knew about your marriage and your future. You deserve answers, and you deserve to know where you stand legally. The family law team at Varghese Summersett includes experienced trial lawyers, licensed mediators, and attorneys recognized by Best Lawyers in America and Super Lawyers. Our team has guided hundreds of individuals and families through complex divorce matters, including cases involving adultery, contested property division, and high-net-worth estates. With four Texas offices and more than 70 team members, we have the resources to protect your interests at every stage of the process. You've Seen Us On Texas Family Code § 6. 003 lists adultery as grounds for divorce but doesn't define it. The legal definition comes from decades of Texas case law. Courts have consistently held that "adultery" means actual sexual intercourse, not just romantic or physical contact. We know that distinction might feel frustrating when you're hurting, but understanding exactly what the law says will help you make informed decisions about your next steps. How Do You Prove Adultery in a Texas Divorce? Proving adultery in Texas requires showing by a preponderance of the evidence that your spouse had sexual intercourse with someone other than you during your marriage. A preponderance of the evidence means it is more likely than not that the adultery occurred. Rumors, suspicions, and gut feelings aren't enough, even when you know in your heart what happened. We understand how difficult this is. You're being asked to document and prove something deeply personal and painful. But gathering evidence now protects you later. Texas courts accept both direct and circumstantial evidence of adultery. Evidence that can help prove adultery includes text messages, emails, and direct messages showing a romantic or sexual relationship; photos or videos documenting the affair; hotel receipts, credit card statements, or financial records showing unexplained expenses; social media posts, check-ins, or tagged photos; GPS or location data showing visits to the other person's home; and testimony from people who witnessed the relationship. If you're seeking a larger share of property because of the adultery, you'll also need to show that the affair caused your divorce or that your spouse spent marital money on the relationship. Gifts, trips, dinners, and rent payments all count as "waste" of community assets under Texas law. We know it's painful to add up what your spouse spent on someone else, but those numbers matter in court. What Must Be Proven in an Adultery-Based Divorce? When you file for divorce on fault grounds of adultery, the burden falls on you as the petitioner. You must... > Our Fort Worth divorce attorneys explain if and when you need the co-parent's permission to sign your child up for sports. Call 817-900-3220. - Published: 2023-03-19 - Modified: 2025-12-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/co-parents-permission-to-sign-up-kid-for-sports/ In Texas, you generally do not need your co-parent's permission to sign your child up for sports or extracurricular activities unless your court order specifically requires it. If your divorce decree or custody order is silent on extracurriculars, each parent can make activity decisions during their own possession time. That said, reviewing your specific court order is essential. Some orders require mutual agreement, advance notice, or cost-sharing provisions that change the rules entirely. Below, Fort Worth family law attorneys explain how Texas handles extracurricular decisions after divorce and what to do when parents disagree. How Does Texas Allocate Decision-Making Authority Between Divorced Parents? Texas courts divide parental rights and responsibilities through a conservatorship order (also called a parenting plan). Under Texas Family Code § 153. 002, the child's best interest governs every custody decision. Texas recognizes two conservatorship types under Texas Family Code § 153. 131: Joint Managing Conservatorship (JMC): Both parents share rights and duties, including decisions about education, medical care, and extracurricular activities. Texas courts presume JMC serves the child's best interest unless evidence suggests otherwise. Sole Managing Conservatorship (SMC): One parent holds exclusive decision-making authority. Courts typically reserve SMC for situations involving domestic violence, substance abuse, or other safety concerns. Your conservatorship type directly affects whether you need permission for activity signups. What Does Texas Law Say About Extracurricular Activities? The Texas Family Code does not specifically address extracurricular activities. This means your divorce decree or custody order controls. If your order includes provisions about sports, camps, or other activities, those terms are legally binding. Common court order provisions include: Mutual agreement requirements: Both parents must consent before enrolling the child in any activity. Advance notice provisions: The enrolling parent must notify the other parent a set number of days (often 14 to 30 days) before signup. Activity limits: Each parent may select one or two activities per year at their own expense. Transportation duties: If one parent cannot transport the child to practice or games, they must notify the other parent immediately and make the child available. If your order says nothing about extracurriculars, Texas law allows each parent to make activity decisions during their possession time without the other's permission. What Happens If My Co-Parent Schedules Activities During My Visitation? This is one of the most common co-parenting disputes. If your co-parent enrolls your child in an activity that conflicts with your court-ordered possession time, you are not obligated to accommodate it. For example, if mom signs up your son for summer camp during dad's summer possession, dad has no legal duty to take the child to camp. However, refusing could create conflict if the child genuinely wants to participate. Conversely, if mom physically takes the child to camp during dad's court-ordered time without permission, she may be violating the custody order. Repeated violations can result in enforcement actions, including contempt of court. The practical solution is communication. When possible, discuss activity schedules before enrollment. Many parents successfully alternate weekends or divide transportation duties to... > Long-lasting couples often share similar advice for healthy, happy marriages. Varghese Summersett Family Law Group presents 9 tips for a successful marriage. - Published: 2023-03-19 - Modified: 2023-03-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/tips-for-a-successful-marriage/ Marriage Tips Marriage is a beautiful journey that can bring immense joy and fulfillment — but it’s not without challenges. Every couple hopes to go the distance, yet the reality is that about 45% of marriages end in divorce. According to divorce. com, the average marriage lasts just over eight years. So, what helps couples stay together? Over the years, relationship experts, therapists, and long-married couples have shared countless insights on what makes a marriage work. You’ve probably heard some of these tips on talk shows, read them in self-help books, or received them from trusted friends. While many seem like common sense, they can be surprisingly difficult to apply in the heat of conflict or during stressful times. The key is to start early — to practice these principles before serious issues arise. Doing so lays the foundation for a strong, lasting relationship built on mutual love, trust, and respect. The following marriage tips draw from reputable sources, including the University of Rochester Medical Center, Psychology Today, and WebMD. . They’re designed to help you nurture a healthy, happy, and enduring partnership. If you have questions about marriage or divorce, the Varghese Summersett is here to help. https://youtu. be/tyi36K3niSo 9 Tips for a Successful Marriage Talk and listen, clearly and oftenCommunicating clearly with your partner is one of the easiest and most reliable ways to stay married forever. Have honest communication but keep it respectful and loving. Good communication includes being assertive about what you want and need from your partner but also listening to their needs and desires. Talk often, too. Express your thoughts and feelings with your spouse, and be receptive to theirs. Your conversations shouldn’t only be about money and parenting. Appreciate your partner and your relationship. Treat your union like the sacred team it’s meant to be. Make sure your partner feels heard. This means sometimes biting our tongues and letting them express themselves without their spouse offering advice. Communication experts often extol the virtues of “mirroring,” which is repeating back what the other person is saying. Of course, “mirroring” is supposed to be heartfelt, not condescending. So be careful with parroting back word-for-word your partner’s concern or issue. Respectful communication in a relationship is arguably the most important of the tips for a successful marriage. Keep couple time a priority Take time to plan outings and special dates. Whether you spend the night binging a favorite TV series, going out to eat, or attending a show, it’s important to plan nights for you and your partner. Although keeping the romance alive in your relationship is wonderful, don’t feel forced to kindle up an extravagant night of intimacy. Our careers and children can often become the focus of our daily lives, and caring for our relationships gets put on the back burner. Prevent losing the sense of fun you had as a young couple. Again, it doesn’t have to be a weekend away at a resort. Exercising, watching a movie, or making a day trip... > Dealing with child support issues - receiving or paying? For help with Uniform Interstate Family Support Act cases, call Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - Published: 2023-03-19 - Modified: 2023-03-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/uniform-interstate-family-support-act/ Introduction to the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) The Uniform Interstate Family Support Act (UIFSA) is a significant piece of legislation that aims to streamline the enforcement and establishment of child support orders across state lines. The act was first drafted in 1992 by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) and has since been adopted by all 50 states, including Texas. The main objective of UIFSA is to eliminate any jurisdictional confusion, ensure consistency in child support orders, and prevent multiple orders from being issued for the same case. How UIFSA Works in Texas Establishing Jurisdiction A crucial aspect of the UIFSA is its clear guidelines on how to establish jurisdiction in interstate child support cases. In Texas, the court may exercise jurisdiction over a non-resident party if one of the following criteria is met: The non-resident party is personally served with process within Texas. The non-resident party submits to the jurisdiction of Texas by consent, entering a general appearance, or filing a responsive document with the Texas court. The non-resident party resided with the child in Texas. The non-resident party resided in Texas and provided prenatal expenses or support for the child. The child resides in Texas due to the acts or directives of the non-resident party. The non-resident party engaged in sexual intercourse in Texas, which may have resulted in the conception of the child. The non-resident party asserted parentage in the Texas paternity registry. One Order, One Court The UIFSA emphasizes the "one order, one court" rule, which means that only one valid child support order can be enforced and modified at any given time. This provision ensures that both parents have a clear understanding of their responsibilities and prevents conflicting orders from being issued in different states. Enforcement and Modification of Child Support Orders Under the UIFSA, Texas courts can enforce child support orders issued by other states. If a non-custodial parent resides in another state, the custodial parent may seek enforcement of the existing order through the Texas Attorney General's Child Support Division. The Texas court can use various enforcement tools, such as wage garnishment, interception of tax refunds, and suspension of licenses. When it comes to modifying a child support order, the UIFSA allows the court with continuing exclusive jurisdiction (CEJ) to modify the order. However, both parents can agree in writing to transfer jurisdiction to another state if they no longer reside in the state with CEJ. How Varghese Summersett Can Help with UIFSA Cases The UIFSA is a complex piece of legislation, and navigating interstate child support cases can be challenging. At Varghese Summersett, our experienced family law attorneys can help you understand your rights and obligations under the UIFSA. We can assist you in enforcing or modifying child support orders in Texas and guide you through the process with compassion and expertise. If you are facing an interstate child support issue, don't wait to seek legal assistance. Call Varghese Summersett today at (817) 900-3220 or contact... > What is Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision? Hear from a Board Certified Juvenile Specialist. - Published: 2023-03-18 - Modified: 2023-03-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/conduct-indicating-a-need-for-supervision/ What is Conduct Indicating a Need for Supervision in Texas? Conduct indicating a need for supervision, or CINS, involves a fine-only offense other than a traffic violation. If your child is facing a juvenile violation in Tarrant County, contact an experienced Fort Worth CINS juvenile attorney. CINS violations often require varying levels of probation but don’t include juvenile detention, jail, or prison. These cases are tried in juvenile court. It’s essential to consult with an experienced Fort Worth CINS juvenile attorney as soon as possible. Varghese Summersett’s Lisa Herrick is one of three Board Certified juvenile defense attorneys in Tarrant County. In this post, we'll explain what Texas considers conduct indicating a need for supervision, the potential consequences, and how CINS are different than delinquent conduct. What happens if my child is accused of a CINS violation in Fort Worth? Juveniles accused of a CINS violation or delinquent conduct are usually referred to juvenile court. Depending on the alleged violation, the child could be returned home or be charged with an offense. CINS violations are less serious offenses than delinquent behavior, but could still result in probation or other actions required by Tarrant County Juvenile Services. Having a dedicated Fort Worth CINS juvenile attorney guiding you and your child through the process is indispensable. Call Varghese Summersett to discuss your case with Lisa. What are the major CINS violations in Texas? Conduct indicating a need for supervision offenses are less serious types of juvenile offenses. CINS are offenses that would not force adults to jail or prison if they committed the same offense, and adults would likely only receive a fine if convicted. Although offenses such as truancy, alcohol or tobacco use, or violations of certain court orders could require a CINS designation, Texas classifies the following six behaviors as CINS offenses for juveniles in the Juvenile Justice Code: Any fineable offenseRunning awayInhalant abuseexpulsion from schoolProstitutionSextingConduct violating a court order for a child declared at risk What are the consequences of CINS in Fort Worth? CINS are not criminal offenses. However, juveniles do face legal consequences if adjudicated. The state has a wide range of options if a juvenile is charged with conduct indicating a need for supervision. A judge can issue probation but can’t send a juvenile to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department for detention for a CINS violation. Probation restrictions set by the judge typically depend on the seriousness of the infraction. For offenses involving emotional, sexual, or behavioral issues, juveniles can be required to complete a diversionary program. If drugs or alcohol are involved, they could be required to enroll in a substance abuse treatment program. To better understand the type of consequences for your child, consult with a top Fort Worth CINS juvenile attorney. How is delinquent conduct different than CINS? Texas law describes delinquent conduct as any state or federal law violation that is punishable by jail or prison for adults other than traffic offenses. A juvenile offense classified as delinquent conduct is comparable to... > If you are pulled over on suspicion of DWI, stay calm, polite and decline all sobriety tests. Here are 7 things you should never do if stopped for DWI. - Published: 2023-03-18 - Modified: 2023-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/things-you-should-never-do-if-stopped-for-dwi/ According to the Texas Department of Public Safety, nearly 90,000 Texas drivers were pulled over on suspicion of driving while intoxicated in 2021. Of those cases, nearly 12,000 were convicted of a crime, including more than 8,000 of DWI. That leaves about 75,000 DWI cases without a conviction. Many of those drivers either proved they weren’t inebriated or handled the incident properly from the moment they saw the police lights in their rearview mirror. In this post, we’ll go over the 7 Things You Should Never Do If Stopped for DWI (or any other offense, for that matter). Of course, you should never try to operate a moving vehicle if intoxicated. In fact, even if you weigh 300 pounds and consumed only one beer in over two hours, it’s not worth the headache, especially in this day and age when we have such easy ride-sharing apps at our fingertips to get us home safely and relatively cheaply. If you’re facing a DWI offense, it’s important to consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney as soon as possible. The sooner a Varghese Summersett defense team member takes on your case, the better the chances for the most favorable outcome. 7 Things You Should Never Do If Stopped for DWI Pull Over and Be Polite Once you see a law enforcement officer pulling you over, put on your blinker to let them know you are complying and pull over at the soonest safe area, preferably off a major road or highway. Remember, a smile and kindness go a long way. Have your license, registration, and insurance ready. It will look better if you’re not shuffling through paperwork in the glove compartment or frantically rifling through your car looking for the documents when a law enforcement officer asks to see them. If you haven’t yet gathered your documents, ask the officer if it’s OK for you to move to grab them. You should move slowly and deliberately. Don’t act annoyed or defensive to the officer. Be curt but courteous. Heads up: Remember that in most cases, the entire incident is being caught on video and audio. Being difficult or having an attitude toward the officer will not play well with a jury. If your case ends up in a trial, a video showing you being polite to the officer will make it much easier for the jurors to put themselves in your shoes. No, You Don’t Know Why You Were Pulled Over If the officer asks, “Do you know why I pulled you over? ” your answer should be no. Don’t guess or assume the officer knows anything. Politely tell the officer, “No, sir (or ma’am). ”This open question by the officer is often a way to get a driver to admit to something, perhaps even something the officer wasn’t aware of. Don’t offer up a reason to arrest you to the officer. In DWI cases, the state of Texas must show the officer had a good reason for pulling you over in... > When a child is taken into custody, parents want to know why and see proof. Unfortunately, parents don't usually have access to evidence in juvenile cases. - Published: 2023-03-18 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/evidence-in-juvenile-cases/ The most interesting part about any case is the evidence. This is especially true when a child is facing juvenile delinquency charges. The first question on the minds of most parents, guardians, or loved ones of a juvenile facing charges is: What evidence is there and what proof exists that the juvenile committed the offense for which they are charged? The law regarding what constitutes evidence, who must be given access to the evidence in juvenile cases, who may not be given access to the evidence in juvenile cases, and when evidence must be made available is found in several different legal sources. The US and Texas Constitutions, Texas Juvenile Justice Code, Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, Texas Rules of Evidence, and even rulings from prior appeals courts, including the United States Supreme Court, all have a say in these important questions. This article explains the duties placed on the prosecuting attorney to produce evidence, the rights of the juvenile and their attorney to access evidence, and the limitations on the juvenile's attorney when it comes to sharing evidence in juvenile cases. Attorney Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law and has extensive experience obtaining and reviewing evidence in juvenile cases. She believes in the importance of adhering to the law in order to get your child the best possible outcome while taking every step to protect their future. Please take a moment to watch this video by Lisa in which she gives an overview of the usual procedure she follows when receiving and reviewing evidence in juvenile matters. What is Considered Evidence in Juvenile Cases? Anytime a police officer refers an allegation of juvenile delinquency to the juvenile probation intake department, that referral will include evidence supporting the officer's belief that probable cause exists to find that the juvenile committed the offense or offenses alleged. The evidence in juvenile cases may include 911 calls; officer body camera or in-car video recordings; written or recorded statements by witnesses, an alleged victim, or the accused juvenile; or forensic evidence like DNA tests, fingerprint analysis, toxicology analysis, or ballistics comparisons. The police officer or detective may continue the investigation after the referral is made, in which case all additional evidence would also be provided to the juvenile department. Once the juvenile intake probation department gets the referral, the intake officer will conduct different evaluations, assessments, and interviews that become part of the juvenile's file. When the intake officer refers the case to the prosecutor's office, the evidence gathered by the police department and the intake officer will be part of the file the prosecutor receives. After the prosecutor reviews all the evidence, including anything the prosecutor receives as a result of subpoenas or search warrants, the prosecutor will decide what charges, if any, should be filed against the juvenile. Who Has a Right to Access the Evidence in Juvenile Cases? Any juvenile who has a case against them filed in the juvenile court has a right to have an attorney represent... > Confused about the difference between a determinate and indeterminate sentence in Texas' juvenile justice system? This article is for you. - Published: 2023-03-18 - Modified: 2026-03-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/determinate-and-indeterminate-sentence/ When a juvenile is adjudicated delinquent in Texas, the court will impose either a determinate or indeterminate sentence. Understanding the difference between determinate and indeterminate sentencing is critical for parents whose children face juvenile charges, as these two sentencing structures carry vastly different consequences for a child's future. What is Determinate Sentencing in Texas Juvenile Court? Determinate sentencing in Texas juvenile cases involves a fixed period of confinement that can extend into the adult prison system. This type of sentence is reserved for serious felony offenses committed by juveniles. What is Indeterminate Sentencing for Texas Juveniles? Indeterminate sentencing, by contrast, does not specify a fixed term. Instead, juveniles receive indeterminate sentences that typically last until they turn 19, though the Texas Juvenile Justice Department can release them earlier based on rehabilitation progress. At Varghese Summersett, we are fortunate to have one of the foremost experts in Texas juvenile law on our team. Attorney Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law - one of only a handful of attorneys in North Texas who holds this distinction. In this article, we will explore the key differences between determinate and indeterminate sentences in Texas juvenile justice system and answer some frequently asked questions. But first please, take a moment to watch this video by Lisa in which she gives an overview of determinate and indeterminate sentencing in Texas. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ihUSoOOYnwg&t=2s What are the Main Differences Between a Determinate and Indeterminate Sentence for Texas Juveniles? It's important for juveniles and their parents to understand the differences between a determinate and indeterminate sentence because it dictates how long the justice system will have jurisdiction over the youth. Determinate Sentence A determinate sentence is a fixed length, meaning the juvenile offender will be placed on probation or incarcerated for a specified period of time. For example, if a 16-year-old boy is sentenced to 10 years in prison for aggravated robbery, he will be under court supervision for 10 years. The teen would start the sentence at the Texas Juvenile Justice Department (TJJD), which is juvenile prison. Just before his 19th birthday, a hearing will be conducted to determine whether the youth will be transferred to the adult prison to complete his sentence or discharged. If the judge does transfer him, he will be eligble for parole under the normal parole rules for adult offenders. A determinate sentence typically applies to older juveniles or repeat offenders who committed a very serious felony offense, such as murder, aggravated robbery, and sexual assault. In fact, a determinate sentence can only be used for certain felony offenses, which we explain below. Indeterminate Sentence An indeterminate sentence is not a set prison sentence. A number of years or months is not attached to a conviction, which is referred to as "adjudication" in the juvenile system. Instead, juvenile authorities at TJJD will determine how long a youth will be incarcerated based on how well they "work the program. " The sentence depends on the youth's progress, behavior, commitment to... > In this article we discuss what happens to child support after death in Texas. - Published: 2023-03-17 - Modified: 2023-03-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-after-death/ Does child support continue if my ex-spouse dies in Texas? The death of an ex-spouse who paid child support could devastate a child and the parent receiving support in Texas. Before Texas changed its laws in 2007, it was even worse. Before the change, child support payments ended with the payee’s death, often leaving the children and the other parent in financial turmoil. Now, outstanding child support must be paid despite a death. Consult with an experienced Fort Worth child support attorney as soon as possible if you’re facing such a situation. In child support parlance, the paying parent is called the obligor, and the parent receiving the payment is the obligee. The obligor is also known as the non-custodial parent. Typically, the court calculates how much outstanding child support remains and requires the amount be paid in a lump sum from the deceased parent’s estate. Are you going through a divorce or dealing with child support issues in Tarrant County? The Varghese Summersett Family Law Group has more than three decades of combined experience handling the intricacies of child support, property division, and divorce. Call us to set up a consultation with a top Fort Worth child support attorney. In this post, we’ll explain what happens when the child support provider dies, how the court determines what is owed, and the importance of estate planning. What happens to child support if my ex-spouse dies in Texas? Texas law requires that child support continues through the obligated term even if the person paying dies. It doesn’t matter if the Final Divorce Decree expressly covers this event. Texas Family Code provides this protection for the spouse entitled to receive those payments on behalf of the child. Your Fort Worth child support attorney will review the circumstances of your case before advising on the best way to proceed. Texas Family Code 154. 015 states that a lump sum is required equaling “the total amount of monthly periodic child support payments that would become due between the month in which the obligor dies and the month in which the child turns 18 years of age, based on the amount of the periodic monthly child support payments under the child support order in effect on the date of the obligor’s death. ” Until 2007, child support payments ended if the payee died, even if the child was still a minor. How is child support paid after the death of the payee? If the obligor (the payee) dies, the amount of child support to be paid over the remainder of the child’s minority is accelerated. The estate must pay a liquidated amount on behalf of the child. A skilled Fort Worth child support attorney will make sure the state stays on top of your case to prevent undue stress on the child. How do you claim child support if your ex-spouse dies in Texas? If a child support obligor dies, the obligee must file suit in family court to reduce the child support arrearages or... > Texas does not recognize legal separation. In the eyes of the law, couple are either separated or married. Learn more. - Published: 2023-03-17 - Modified: 2023-03-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/legal-separation-in-texas/ From time to time, our attorneys get calls from couples who want to "legally separate" but not divorce. They usually have a valid reason for wanting this type of dissolution of their marriage, but in Texas, this is not an option. The Lone Star state does not recognize legal separation. Here, you are either divorced or you are married - at least in the eyes of the law. In this article, our Fort Worth divorce lawyers explain the concept of legal separation, the reasons why it's appealing to some couples, and why having a separation agreement drawn up could be a good idea in lieu of a divorce. What is Legal Separation? Legal separation is a process by which a married couple formally separates but does not end their marriage. It is different from a divorce because the couple remains legally married but lives apart without marital obligations. Legal separation is recognized in some states, but Texas is not one of them. Why Do Couples Want a Legal Separation Rather than Divorce? While every couple's situation is unique, there are several reasons why Texas couples may choose to separate rather than divorce. Here are five possible reasons: Trial Separation: Sometimes couples want to take time apart to decide if they want to stay together or throw in the towel. A legal separation can provide a trial period during which the couple can live apart, work on their issues, and decide if they're better off together or apart. Religious or Personal Beliefs: Many couples don't believe in divorce for religious, cultural, or personal reasons. A legal separation is a way to live apart while still remaining married and, therefore, not sacrificing their personal, religious, or moral beliefs. Financial Reasons: Some couples decide to separate, rather than divorce, for financial protection. For example, couples who are legally separated can still file joint tax returns, which can result in lower taxes. Staying married also allows health insurance benefits to continue. Child Support: A couple may choose to separate, but stay married, to avoid child support and child custody implications. They may think it's easier to have an informal agreement than court orders. Immigration Issues: Many couples choose to stay married but live separately due to immigration consequences. If one spouse is undocumented, they could be deported upon divorce. Can You Separate Informally in Texas? Yes, even though Texas doesn't recognize legal separation, there is nothing that prohibits married couples from living apart. If a couple wants to live separate lives and still be married on paper, that is certainly their prerogative. We would highly recommend consulting with an experienced family law attorney, however, before entering into this type of relationship. How long Can You Be Separated in Texas? In Texas, a couple can be separated indefinitely. We've heard of couples who have been living apart for 5, 10 or even 15 years. However, the marriage is not officially over until the divorce is finalized or a spouse dies. What are the Alternatives to... > Interrogatories in Texas family law can make or break your case. Are you in need of a Texas family lawyer? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/interrogatories-in-texas-family-law/ What are Interrogatories in Texas Family Law Cases? In the context of a Texas family law proceeding, such as a divorce, interrogatories serve as a crucial instrument during the discovery phase of the trial. This phase is pivotal, as it facilitates the collection of pertinent facts and evidence for both parties involved. Interrogatories, specifically tailored to Texas family law matters, comprise a series of inquiries crafted by one party for the other. These questions delve into various aspects relevant to the case, aiming to elucidate key points and gather essential information. Upon receipt of these interrogatories, the responding party is obligated to provide written answers within a timeframe typically set at 30 days. However, the gravity of this task is underscored by the requirement that these responses be sworn to under oath. This solemn affirmation, expressed through a signed verification, attests to the veracity and accuracy of the provided answers. Moreover, it emphasizes that the responses are grounded in the responding party's personal knowledge. Importantly, the responding party retains the prerogative to object to any interrogatory question deemed objectionable for valid reasons. Additionally, they may assert privilege claims where appropriate. These provisions ensure a fair and judicious interrogation process, safeguarding the rights and interests of all parties involved in the proceedings. If you need a family law attorney, contact the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. We have an unparalleled track record of providing our clients with dedicated legal services. Why do we have interrogatories in Texas family law? Interrogatories are a cost-effective way of handling discovery and are typically straightforward. The questions are used to find out facts about a case. Typically, in Texas divorce cases, interrogatories involve lists. Common lists used in interrogatories are both spouses' assets and the details, including mileage, year, make, and model of all vehicles each party owns. When is an interrogatory irrelevant in Texas? If the interrogatory isn’t relevant to the case, it will be deemed irrelevant. One party cannot ask the other party for information about anything irrelevant to the case. For example, in a divorce case, a party could not ask for the names and contact information of all the medical doctors of the other party’s father. The request is not relevant to the divorce at hand and wouldn’t require an answer if part of interrogatories in Texas family law. How are interrogatories used in custody cases in Texas? Interrogatories in Texas family law case are often used during custody fights to attempt to uncover what the other side is planning or thinking. For example, one party could ask the other through an interrogatory: Why do you think living in Tarrant County is in your child's best interest? OR Why do you think it's not in your child's best interest that your spouse be appointed a Joint Managing Conservator? How many interrogatories can be requested? Each party can typically request the opposition answer 25 interrogatories in Texas family law cases. If more than 25 interrogatories are requested, the other party can ignore... > Is throwing away your ex's stuff allowed? What do you need to be aware of? What about before you've filed for divorce? Fort Worth divorce lawyer explains. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/throwing-away-your-exs-stuff/ Fort Worth Divorce Attorney, serving Tarrant and surrounding counties Breakups and divorces can be messy affairs, both emotionally and legally. When it comes to dividing property during a divorce, things can get even more complicated. It’s not uncommon for people to wonder if they can simply throw away their ex’s belongings after a split. So is throwing away your ex’s stuff a good idea? In short, the answer is no. During a divorce: Can I sell my ex’s property? Can I donate my ex’s property? Can I throw away my ex’s stuff in Texas? All of the answers depend on where you are in the divorce process. If divorce paperwork has yet to be filed with the court, nothing prevents you or your partner from doing whatever they want with marital property. Texas is a community property state, which means that all property acquired during the course of the marriage is considered community property. This includes everything from real estate and vehicles to bank accounts and personal belongings. The only property that is not considered community property is separate property, which is property that was owned by one spouse before the marriage or was acquired by gift or inheritance during the marriage. Once the divorce paperwork is filed, however, many Texas counties have standing orders that go into effect restricting how money is spent and the disposing of or selling of property. That means once divorce proceedings are instigated, the answer to “Can I throw away my ex’s property in Texas? ” is no. It could come back to bite you in court. If you are in need of a divorce attorney, contact the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. What should I do if I’m worried about my property during a Texas divorce? If your county doesn’t have a standing order, your attorney can request a temporary restraining order. These orders are similar to standing orders, and if requested, they’re usually granted by Texas family law judges. How does Texas divide marital Property during a divorce? In general, community property in Texas is any property acquired by either spouse during the marriage. All property, debts, and income acquired during the marriage are potentially subject to division during a divorce. To refute this presumption in Texas court, a spouse must show clear and convincing evidence that the Property is separately owned. What is considered separate property in a Texas divorce? * Property acquired before marriage * Property acquired during marriage by gift, devise (will), or descent * Property acquired during marriage but purchased with separate property funds * Family Heirlooms When is a family heirloom no longer your separate property in Texas? Typically, family heirlooms can easily be shown to be separate Property. But it’s not always that cut and dried. For instance, if a man gives his bride his grandmother’s wedding ring for sentimental reasons, the ring may no longer be the man’s separate Property. In fact, the wife could claim it’s now her separate property. In general, wedding rings... > Divorces involving high-powered Texas couples can be high-stakes, high-stress affairs. Here's a look at some high-profile Texas divorces. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/high-profile-texas-divorces/ As they say, everything is bigger in Texas - and that includes breakups. The Lone Star State is home to some of the most successful and wealthy couples in the country. So, when there is trouble in paradise, it often makes headlines. Divorces involving high-powered Texas couples can be high-stakes, high-stress affairs. The prominence of the individuals, the complexity of the case, and the large sums of money and assets involved all contribute to a high-profile divorce. Both parties often lean on experienced legal teams and public relations specialists in an effort to preserve their privacy and protect their interests. Here's a look at some high-profile Texas divorces and how they played out under the spotlight.   Deion Sanders vs. Pilar Sanders In 2012, former NFL star and Dallas Cowboy Deion Sanders and his wife, Pilar Sanders, made headlines for their messy and highly-publicized divorce. The two were married for 13 years and had three children together. Allegations of domestic violence, infidelity, and financial impropriety marked the divorce proceedings in Collin County. The trial lasted for several months and was scandalous, with many of the details and allegations made public in news reports and through social media. In the end, a judge awarded NFL Hall of Famer Deion Sanders primary custody of their children. Jim Crane vs. Franci Neely In 2015, Houston Astros Owner Jim Crane and his wife of 21 years, Franci Neely, finalized their divorce. But not before reaching a settlement that required Crane to pay Neely $30 million over five years, according to the Houston Chronicle. Neely, meanwhile, received no interest in the Astros and the settlement reportedly had no effect on the financial impact of the team. Tina Knowles v. Mathew Knowles In 2011, Tina and Mathew Knowles, the parents of superstar Beyonce, finalized their divorce in Harris County after more than 30 years of marriage. At the time of the divorce filing two years earlier, the couple said their decision to end their marriage was an amicable one and issued a statement that said, "If anyone is expecting an ugly messy fight, they will be sadly disappointed. " By the time it was finalized, however, it was revealed that Mathew had fathered a son with another woman while still married to Beyonce's mother. Neil Bush v. Sharon Bush In 2003, Neil Bush, the brother of former president George Bush, and his wife, Sharon, finalized their divorce after a 23-year-marriage. The highly-publicized divorce revealed that Neil Bush had been unfaithful, including several times during business trips in the Far East. In the end, the couple entered into a mediated settlement agreement in which Sharon was to receive $2500 a month in alimony for the next four years, $1500 a month in child support, and 75 percent of proceeds from the sale of the house and half of all other property, according to an article in Vanity Fair. T. Boone Pickens v. Madeleine Pickens In 2012, Texas billionaire T. Boone Pickens and his fourth wife, Madeline, announced... > When a parent wants to modify an existing child support, visitation or custody order, they must show there's been a "material and substantial change in circumstances." - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2024-02-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/material-and-substantial-change-in-circumstances/ In life, parents' circumstances change. They may change jobs, move away, get remarried, or fall on hard times. Major changes can affect a parent's ability to pay child support, care for, or even visit their kids. In the family law arena, changes that affect the family dynamic are referred to as a "material and substantial change in circumstances" and can warrant a change, or modification, to an existing court order. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group explain what constitutes a material and substantial change in circumstances in Texas and how you can use them to modify an existing child custody or child support order. Please take a moment to watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/adn-Q_CTS2Y What is a Material and Substantial Change in Circumstances? The Texas Family Code does not specifically define what qualifies as a material or substantial change in circumstances, so the judge has wide discretion in making this determination. Generally speaking, it is a significant change in the circumstances of any of the parents or the child since the date of the last order. This change can be related to the child's needs, the parent's abilities, or any other factors that affect the child's well-being. The judge will compare the family dynamic when the current order was signed to the current circumstances to determine if a change, or modification, to child support, visitation, or custody is in order. Examples of a Material and Substantial Change in Circumstances Examples of a material and substantial change in circumstances that could warrant a modification of an existing child custody or child support order in Texas may include: A parent remarries and has another child(s); A parent changes or loses their job (sudden change in finances); A parent moves away; A parent goes to jail; A parent has a drug or alcohol problem; A parent is abusive or neglectful. A parent gets deployed for military duty; A parent suffers from a serious illness; A parent dies. This is not an exhaustive list but offers common examples that may arise to the level of a substantial and material change in circumstances. Here are a few other hypothetical examples: A father (non-custodial parent) loses his job and has to settle for a lower wage at a different job. He can no longer afford child support at its current rate and petitions the court to lower his child support due to a material and substantial change in circumstances. A mother (non-custodial parent) gets remarried and has another child four years later. She petitions the court for lower child support due to a material and substantial change in circumstances. A mother (custodial parent) is offered a higher-paying job in another state and wants to move. She seeks to modify the original court order to change the geographic restrictions so she can take her child with her, citing a material and substantial change in circumstances. A father (custodial parent) sufferers from a serious illness and... > Need to modify child support? Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced Fort Worth child support lawyer. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-14 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/when-can-you-modify-child-support/ Grounds for Modification of Child Support Parents' circumstances change in life. They may change jobs, move away, get remarried, or fall on hard times. Major changes can affect a parent's ability to pay child support, care for, or even visit their kids. In the family law arena, changes that affect the family dynamic are referred to as a "material and substantial change in circumstances" and can warrant a change or modification to an existing court order. Under What Circumstances Can You Change or Modify Child Support in Texas? In Texas, child support can only be modified if one (or more) of the following proves true: 1. It has been at least three years since the last child support order was established or modified AND the monthly amount of child support owed, calculated under the Texas Family Code Child Support Guidelines, has changed by at least 20 percent or $100. In other words, if the non-custodial parent's net income has changed and the amount of child support owed will increase or decrease by at least $100 or 20 percent per month, then either parent can make a request to modify child support. 2. A material and substantial change in circumstances have occurred since the last child support order. If a parent can show a significant change in circumstances (such as job loss or birth of another child), then they can circumvent the three-year requirement and seek modification at any time. What Constitutes a Material and Substantial Change in Circumstances? The law recognizes that life is unpredictable and that changes can happen that make the current child support order no longer workable. Generally speaking, a material and substantial change in circumstances that could warrant a modification of child support include: The non-custodial parent's income has either increased or decreased. A job loss, a pay cut, or a promotion with a much higher salary would qualify as a material and substantial change. The non-custodial parent is now legally responsible for other additional children. Getting remarried and having another child would qualify as a material and substantial change. The child's medical insurance coverage has changed. If the non-custodial parent lost their job and the child's medical insurance, it could qualify as a material and substantial change. The child's living arrangements have changed. If the child is now living with a new guardian or custodial parent, it would qualify as a material and substantial change. How Can I Change a Child Support Order in Texas? In Texas, there are two ways to change a child support order in Texas: * The Child Support Review Process (CSRP) with the Texas Attorney General's Office; or* A Court Hearing (Usually with a Private Attorney) We give an overview of each process below. What is the Child Support Review Process (CSRP? ) In Texas, the Child Support Review Process (CSRP) is a way for parents to request a review of their child support order to determine if it should be modified based on the parent's current financial circumstances. To... > In contentious child custody cases, the court may appoint an amicus attorney and/or an attorney ad litem. Find out the difference between the two. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/amicus-attorney-and-an-attorney-ad-litem/ When parents are embroiled in a bitter dispute about child custody, visitation, or support, they sometimes lose sight of what's in the best interest of the child. To make sure this doesn't happen, Texas courts often appoint an amicus attorney and/or an attorney ad litem to advocate on behalf of the child. While both amicus attorneys and attorneys ad litem share some similarities, they actually have very different roles and responsibilities. Still, it's easy to get the two confused. In this article, we will discuss the roles of an amicus attorney and an attorney ad litem and their importance in contentious Texas family law cases. Perhaps the easiest way to remember the difference between the two is that an amicus attorney assists the court, while an attorney ad litem represents the child. Still perplexed? Keep reading. What is an amicus attorney in a Texas family case? Under Section 107. 001 of the Texas Family Code, an amicus attorney is appointed by the court to "provide legal services necessary to assist the court in protecting the child's best interests rather than to provide legal services to the child. " Put simply, an amicus attorney serves as the eyes and ears of the judge. An amicus attorney is a lawyer appointed by the court to provide impartial and objective information to the court on issues related to the child. Their primary responsibility is to investigate and evaluate the circumstances surrounding the child and report back to the judge presiding over the case. Their independent investigation may include interviewing the child and parents, reviewing documents and records, and speaking with experts such as psychologists, social workers, and medical professionals. Once their investigation is complete, the amicus attorney reports their findings and makes recommendations to the court based on protecting the best interests of the child or children involved. It is up to the judge to make the final decision about what would be most beneficial for the child. It's important to point out that the amicus attorney does not represent either party in the case, nor can they provide legal advice to the parties involved. What is an attorney ad litem in a Texas family case? Under Section 107. 001 of the Texas Family Code, an attorney ad litem is defined as an attorney who provides legal services to a person, including a child, and gives their “undivided loyalty, confidentiality, and competent representation. ” Put simply, an attorney ad litem – also referred to as an AAL – is the child’s lawyer. An attorney ad litem is a lawyer appointed by the court to independently represent the child and his or her wishes. The attorney’s loyalty is to the child, not to their parents or anyone else. As such, the attorney must keep the child’s interests in mind at all times – and also abide by attorney-client privilege, and keep information shared by the child confidential. The attorney ad litem is responsible for interviewing the child and relevant parties; conducting home visits; reviewing... > Thinking about divorce in the Lone Star State? You're not alone. Texas' divorce rate is 1.4 in every 1000 people. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with a divorce lawyer. - Published: 2023-03-12 - Modified: 2023-03-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-rates-in-texas/ Marriage is supposed to last forever, but well, things don't always work out as planned. Every year, tens of thousands of people are divorced in Texas. The same is true for every state in the nation. So, if your thinking about getting a divorce - or you have already filed for divorce - you can take solace in the fact that you are not alone. In this article, we'll take a look at Texas' divorce rate, as well as the national divorce rate, and offer some common reasons for divorce. What is the Divorce Rate in Texas? According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Texas' divorce rate, which also includes annulments, was 1. 4 divorces for every 1000 people in 2021, the most recent year statistics are available. While this may not seem like a high percentage, it's important to remember that Texas is the biggest state in the country with a huge population. So, if Texas' population was roughly 29 million people in 2021, then an estimated 40,600 people got divorced in the Lone Star State in 2021. That's a lot of broken hearts. Having said that, Texas' divorce rate is the lowest it has been since 1990. That year, Texas' divorce rate was 5. 5 divorces for every 1000 people. What is the Divorce Rate Nationwide? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the national divorce rate, which also includes annulments, was 2. 5 for every 1000 people in 2021, the most recent year statistics are available. To break that down further, 689,308 people got divorced nationwide in 2021. That number is slightly down from the year before, when 630,505 got divorced nationwide. And while that's a lot of marriages that reached an unfortunate end, it's still a much lower divorce rate than the early 2000 and 2001 when the divorce rate was 4 divorces for every 1000 people. That comes out to 944,000 and 940,000 people, respectively. So why are fewer marriages ending in divorce on a state and national level? One reason is that fewer people are getting married. For example, 2,315,000 people got married in the year 2000, compared to 1,985,072 in 2021. There are a lot of other factors that could contribute to the decrease in divorces, including an increased emphasis on counseling and mediation services and people waiting until later in life to tie the knot. What Factors Affect Texas' Divorce Rates? Several factors can contribute to Texas' divorce rate. Here are some of the most significant: Age at Marriage Research shows couples who get married at a younger age are more likely to get divorced. In Texas, the average age for a first marriage is around 27 for women and 29 for men. However, many couples get married much younger, which may contribute to immaturity and higher divorce rates. Education Level Higher levels of education are associated with lower divorce rates. In Texas, the divorce rate for people with a college degree is significantly lower than for... > How to obtain a Texas Crash Report, who makes the report, and how do you order a completed crash report in Texas. - Published: 2023-03-02 - Modified: 2023-04-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-crash-report/ Texas Crash Report Use in Personal Injury Cases If you are injured in an accident, it is important to make sure an accident report (also referred to as a Texas crash report) is completed. If you’re injured in an accident, the police should come out and complete a Texas crash report – but that doesn’t always happen. This is particularly true when the injuries are not immediately apparent. Very serious injuries – to the spine and brain – may be hidden by the rush of adrenaline that comes after an accident. Types of Crash Reports in Texas In Texas, there are two types of crash reports: the CR-2 and the CR-3. CR-2 Crash Reports in Texas The CR-2 is a blue form that drivers involved in a crash must fill out and submit to your local police department within 10 days if there was any injury, death, or property damage of $1,000 or more. This form collects basic information about the drivers, passengers, and vehicles involved in the crash, as well as details about the location, weather, and contributing factors. As of September 1, 2017 the Texas Department of Public Safety does not keep these forms. That means you can’t obtain a blank CR-2 form from a local DPS office and you don’t submit the completed application to DPS. Instead, you will submit the CR-2 crash report to local law enforcement. Free Fillable Texas Blue Form Texas Driver's Crash Report Form Blue Form CR-3 Crash Reports in Texas The CR-3, on the other hand, is a more detailed report completed by law enforcement officers for all crashes occurring on public roads and highways, regardless of the severity. This report is submitted to TxDOT and contains much more comprehensive information about the crash, including statements from witnesses and involved parties, diagrams of the accident scene, and a narrative description of what happened. Texas Peace Officer's Crash Report CR3 Accident Report What is the difference between a CR-2 and a CR-3 Texas Crash Report? CR-3 Crash Report CR-2 Crash Report Purpose To report a crash involving injuries or death To report a crash involving property damage (or injuries that were not readily apparent) Who Files Law enforcement Individuals involved in the accident Applicability Required when there is a crash resulting in injury or death, or when requested by law enforcement Required when there is a crash involving property damage of $1,000 or more, or when requested by law enforcement Filing Deadline Must be filed within 10 days of the crash Must be filed within 10 days of the crash Information Collected Driver information, vehicle information, insurance information, witness information, details of the crash, and any injuries or fatalities Driver information, vehicle information, insurance information, details of the crash, and any injuries or fatalities Filing Location Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Local law enforcement How to Understand a Texas Crash Report: CR3 Code Sheet Texas Crash Reports use a number of short codes and abbreviations. Here’s the official decoder for Texas Crash Reports.... > Drowning accidents often lead to the loss of life. Our drowning accident lawyer explains how you can seek recovery if the drowning was due to negligence. - Published: 2023-02-16 - Modified: 2023-02-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drowning-accidents-texas/ Drowning accidents have tragically impacted many families in Texas, resulting in 76 fatalities last year. Sadly, within the first month of 2023 alone there have already been 3 deaths due to drowning – a startling reminder that it can take mere seconds for tragedy to strike. Of those reported deaths from 2022 and thus far this year, an alarming amount occurred at pools - both public and private - as well as bathtubs; Tarrant County sadly held second place with 9 drownings making up part of what is surely an unwelcome statistic statewide. Our drowning accident lawyer helps individuals across Texas seek justice when a drowning death was caused by someone else's negligence. Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Claims in Drowning Cases If someone is unfortunately involved in a drowning incident, the legal system can hold them accountable if evidence shows it was preventable. Depending on where and how such an event happened — like if negligence or faulty products were to blame — specific laws may be used for accountability. But any way you look at it, these tragedies are unfortunate losses of life that could have been avoided with proper care. Negligence laws are designed to protect people from harm due to another's inattention or carelessness. A property owner, for instance, has a duty of reasonable maintenance - if they don't fulfill it and someone is injured as the result, legal consequences may follow. In such cases, even drowning accidents could lead them into hot water with law enforcement! Laws that Apply to Drowning Cases in Texas Premises Liability: Property owners have a responsibility to keep their premises safe for visitors. Failing to address an obvious hazard can result in compliance with premises liability laws if someone is injured on the property as a consequence. Product Liability: Product liability laws apply when a product is defectively designed or manufactured, or when the manufacturer fails to provide adequate warnings or instructions. For example, if a pool manufacturer produces a pool with a defect that leads to a drowning accident, they may be held liable for the injury. Public Pools: The Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act (VGBA) of 2007 is a law intended to protect swimmers from the dangers posed by powerful suction drains in public pools and spas. The VGBA requires all such facilities to be fitted with anti-entrapment drain covers that meet stringent standards laid out by the Consumer Product Safety Commission, thereby guarding against hair entanglement or body part obstruction - two serious risks associated with drowning accidents. Public Nuisance: In Texas, having a pool can be more than just attractive – it could also represent an inviting risk. The state defines 'attractive nuisances' as elements on properties that draw in children and may put them in harm's way. It pays to keep pools secure so they don't become potential hazards for the little ones! Negligence: Property owners in Texas are expected to take steps to ensure that their pools remain secure and off-limits... > A Stowers Demand is a powerful legal tool used by Texas personal injury lawyers to pressure insurance companies into offering reasonable settlements. Learn more. - Published: 2023-02-16 - Modified: 2023-04-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/stowers-demand-in-texas/ If you’ve been injured in an accident in Texas due to another person's negligence, you have the right to be fully compensated for your medical bills, property damage, lost wages, and other costs. But what if the other party and their insurance company do not want to pay up? Enter the Stowers Demand. The Stowers Demand is a powerful legal tool that Texas personal injury lawyers use to pressure insurance companies to offer reasonable settlement payments to victims. This time-sensitive demand letter is sent to the insurance company informing them of their responsibility to make a reasonable settlement offer - or face legal action - ie, a lawsuit. In this article, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group explain the Stowers Doctrine in Texas and how this tool may help you get the just compensation you deserve. What is the Stowers Doctrine in Texas? The Stowers Doctrine is a legal principle that originated in Texas. In essence, it requires an insurance company to act in good faith when handling a settlement demand from an injured party. If the insurance company fails to do so and the case proceeds to trial, the insurance company can be held liable for any damages in excess of the policy limits. For example, let's say you were injured in a car accident, and the at-fault driver's insurance policy has a limit of $50,000. If you make a settlement demand for $50,000, and the insurance company rejects it without a reasonable basis, they may be liable for any damages awarded at a subsequent trial that exceed $50,000. So, if a jury awards you $75,000 in damages, the insurance company may have to pay the full $75,000, even though it's more than their policy limit. Why is it Called a "Stowers" Demand? Stowers Demands are named after a 1929 case, G. A. Stowers Furniture Co. v. American Indemnity, in which the Texas Supreme Court held that an insurance company could be held liable for an excess judgment if it refused to settle a case within its policy limits when it could have done so. What is the Purpose of a Stowers demand? The purpose of a Stowers Demand is to settle a case for the policy limits of the insurance policy, and to hold the insurance company liable for an excess judgment if it refuses to settle the case within its policy limits when it could have done so. How Does a Stowers Demand Work? Under the Stowers Doctrine, an injured party or their attorney must make a settlement demand that is within the insurance policy limits. The demand letter must be clear, specific, and unambiguous. If the insurance company receives a valid settlement demand that complies with the necessary requirements, they have a duty to respond in good faith. This means they must conduct a reasonable investigation into the claim, evaluate the demand, and either accept it or reject it for a valid reason. If the insurance company rejects a valid settlement demand... > How much does a private investigator cost in a family law case? We breakdown the cost and potential benefits to hiring one in this article. - Published: 2023-02-11 - Modified: 2024-07-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/private-investigator-cost/ The Role of Investigators in Family Law Cases Family law cases, particularly divorces and child custody disputes, are often emotionally charged and financially draining experiences. The complexities of these cases become even more challenging when one party attempts to hide assets or misrepresent their circumstances. At Varghese Summersett, our experienced family lawyers understand the crucial role that professional investigators can play in uncovering favorable evidence and ensuring a fair resolution. This comprehensive guide will explore the various aspects of using investigators in family law cases, including their roles, benefits, how much a private investigator costs, and how they can be effectively leveraged to strengthen your legal position. The Rise of Investigators in Family Law Cases In recent years, the use of investigators in family law and divorce cases has become increasingly prevalent. These professionals can play a pivotal role in gathering evidence and uncovering information that can significantly impact the outcome of a case. Having a comprehensive understanding of all assets, financials, and relevant facts can be the difference between achieving a fair settlement and enduring a protracted legal battle. Types of Investigators Used in Family Law Cases 1. Private Investigators Private investigators are versatile professionals who gather information and evidence for a wide range of purposes. In family law cases, they can be instrumental in: Uncovering extramarital relationships Verifying witness testimony Conducting surveillance to document behavior and activities Locating missing persons or those avoiding court contact Conducting background checks Utilizing technology and databases to uncover hidden information 2. Financial Forensic Analysts In more complex cases involving asset concealment or financial misconduct, financial forensic analysts play a crucial role. These specialists, often certified public accountants, conduct in-depth financial investigations to: Uncover fraud or embezzlement Identify hidden assets Analyze financial records and contracts Track the movement or concealment of assets The Importance of Investigators in High-Net-Worth Divorces In high-net-worth divorces, it's not uncommon for one spouse to attempt to hide assets. Financial forensic analysts are particularly adept at constructing an accurate picture of a spouse's or ex-spouse's actual assets. Their expertise can be invaluable in ensuring a fair division of property and appropriate support arrangements. Benefits of Using Investigators in Family Law Cases The use of investigators in family law proceedings offers numerous advantages: Admissible Evidence: Unlike attorneys representing clients, investigators can testify in court about their findings, making their evidence particularly valuable. Surveillance: Investigators can document a spouse's behavior and activities, which is especially useful in cases involving suspected infidelity or violations of prenuptial agreements. Asset Discovery: Investigators can uncover hidden assets that a spouse may be concealing to avoid fair settlement or support payments. Witness Verification: By interviewing witnesses and gathering corroborating evidence, investigators can verify or challenge witness testimony, which is crucial in child custody cases. Protection of Client Interests: Investigators can uncover information that might otherwise be overlooked, helping to protect a client's rights and interests. Technological Expertise: Skilled investigators can leverage advanced technology and databases to track financial transactions, locate hidden assets, and gather digital evidence.... > Learn what qualifies as emotional distress in Texas and how to prove it in a personal injury case. Contact Varghese Summersett for a free consultation today. - Published: 2023-02-06 - Modified: 2023-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/emotional-distress-in-texas/ When you suffer a personal injury, the physical pain and financial burden can be overwhelming. However, it’s not uncommon for victims to also experience emotional distress as a result of their injury. In Texas, you may be able to sue for emotional distress if it’s the result of a physical injury. This article will help you understand what constitutes emotional distress, how to prove it, and how much you may be able to recover in a personal injury case. Intentional infliction of emotional distress Intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) in Texas refers to a type of intentional tort where one person intentionally causes severe emotional distress to another person through extreme or outrageous behavior. For a successful claim, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant's conduct was intentional or reckless, that the conduct was extreme and outrageous, and that the conduct caused severe emotional distress. Negligent infliction of emotional distress Negligent infliction of emotional distress (NIED) in Texas refers to a type of negligence where one person causes emotional distress to another person through careless or reckless behavior. For a successful claim, the plaintiff must prove that the defendant owed them a duty of care, that the defendant breached that duty of care, that the breach caused the plaintiff to experience emotional distress, and that the emotional distress was foreseeable. It is important to note that both IIED and NIED claims can be difficult to prove and may require the testimony of mental health professionals. Proving Emotional Distress in Texas Emotional distress refers to the mental and emotional suffering you experience as a result of another party’s actions. To prove emotional distress in a personal injury case, you must show that: The defendant’s actions were intentional or reckless The defendant’s actions caused you to experience severe emotional distress Your distress was a direct result of the defendant’s actions In a personal injury case, the defendant’s actions must have directly caused your injury and the emotional distress that followed. If you can’t link the two, you won’t be able to recover compensation for your emotional distress. Qualifying as Emotional Distress in Texas Not all emotional distress is considered severe enough to be compensable in a personal injury case. In Texas, you must experience severe emotional distress that is beyond what a reasonable person would experience under similar circumstances. Examples of severe emotional distress include: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Depression Anxiety Nightmares Flashbacks If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms as a result of your injury, you may be able to recover compensation for your emotional distress. How Much Can You Sue for Emotional Distress in Texas? There is no specific formula for calculating the amount of compensation you can recover for emotional distress in a personal injury case. The amount you can recover will depend on several factors, including the severity of your emotional distress and the impact it has had on your life. In general, you can recover compensation for any medical expenses you’ve incurred as a result of... > What happens when you're hit by someone driving without a license in Texas? Get the recovery you deserve - Published: 2023-02-06 - Modified: 2023-03-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/driving-without-a-license-tx/ Car accidents involving unlicensed drivers can be complex and stressful situations. Texas law requires drivers to be licensed to drive on public roads - but for a variety of reasons the number of individuals driving without a license continues to grow. Almost unbelievably, nearly one in every five fatal car crashes involves an unlicensed driver. Understanding the legalities and potential consequences of these types of accidents is crucial for ensuring that you are protected and that your rights are upheld. In this article, we will explore the key elements of unlicensed driver car accidents, including what to do if you are involved in an accident with an unlicensed driver and the steps you can take to protect your rights. What is an Unlicensed Driver? An unlicensed driver is someone who is operating a vehicle without a valid driver's license. This can include individuals who have never been licensed to drive, as well as individuals who have had their license suspended or revoked. Operating a vehicle without a valid driver's license is illegal and can result in serious consequences, both for the unlicensed driver and for any individuals involved in an accident with the unlicensed driver. What to Do if You Are Involved in an Accident with an Unlicensed Driver If you are involved in an accident with an unlicensed driver, it is important to take several steps to protect yourself and your rights. These steps include: Contact the police. It is important to call the police to report the accident as soon as possible. The police will be able to provide you with a report of the accident, which can be used as evidence in any subsequent legal proceedings. Exchange information with the other driver. Be sure to exchange contact and insurance information with the other driver, including their name, phone number, and insurance company. We recommend taking pictures of all the documentation as well as a photo of the other driver, so there's no question later who was driving and what information they provided you with. Take photos of the damage. If possible, take photos of the damage to both vehicles, as well as any other relevant evidence, such as skid marks or road signs. Seek medical attention. If you are injured, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. This will ensure that your injuries are properly treated and documented, and it can also help to strengthen any potential insurance claims. Contact your insurance company. If you have insurance, be sure to contact your insurance company to report the accident. Your insurance company will be able to provide you with guidance on the next steps to take. The Consequences of an Accident with an Unlicensed Driver Although Texas law requires drivers to be licensed, it generally does not recognize the lack of a license (or a suspended license) to factor into liability evaluations. Instead, the fact that the person was unlicsed Accidents involving unlicensed drivers can result in a range of consequences, including: Criminal charges.... > A nunc pro tunc judgment is a legal term used to describe a retroactive correction of a previously entered court order. It is a Latin term that means “now for - Published: 2023-02-06 - Modified: 2023-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/understanding-nunc-pro-tunc-judgments-in-texas/ A nunc pro tunc judgment is a legal term used to describe a retroactive correction of a previously entered court order. It is a Latin term that means “now for then” and is used to correct errors or omissions in a judgment that has already been entered. In Texas, nunc pro tunc judgments are used to correct minor errors in a court order that do not affect the substantive rights of the parties involved, in any case including custody cases. What is a Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment in Texas? A nunc pro tunc judgment is a court order that is entered after the fact to correct a mistake or error in a previous judgment. This type of judgment is used to clarify or correct a mistake in a court order without having to go through the entire process of a new trial or appeal. In Texas, nunc pro tunc judgments are typically used to correct minor errors in a court order such as a typographical error or a mistake in the date of the order. When Can a Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment be Issued in Texas? In Texas, a nunc pro tunc judgment can only be issued if there was an error or mistake in the original judgment and the error does not affect the substantive rights of the parties involved. The error must be apparent on the face of the record and cannot be based on new evidence or arguments that were not presented during the original trial. Additionally, a nunc pro tunc judgment cannot be used to correct an error in the substance of the judgment, such as a mistake in the amount of damages awarded. If the error affects the substantive rights of the parties, a new trial or appeal must be pursued. How is a Nunc Pro Tunc Judgment Requested in Texas? In Texas, a nunc pro tunc judgment can be requested by either party to the case or by the court itself. The request must be made in writing and must specify the error that is being corrected. The request must also be filed within a reasonable time after the error is discovered. The court will then review the request and the original judgment to determine if the error is apparent on the face of the record and does not affect the substantive rights of the parties. If the court determines that a nunc pro tunc judgment is appropriate, it will issue an order correcting the error. Nunc Pro Tunc in Texas: Understanding Judicial and Clerical Errors In the state of Texas, a nunc pro tunc is a legal term that refers to the correction of a judgment or order after it has been entered into the court's record. This legal tool is used to correct errors or omissions in the original judgment and ensure that the order accurately reflects the intentions of the court. However, the process of obtaining a nunc pro tunc can be complex, especially when it comes to the distinction between... > UM/UIM coverage can cover your damages and injuries if your are hit by an unisured or underinsured motorist in Texas. Learn more. - Published: 2023-02-05 - Modified: 2023-05-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/um-uim-coverage/ Getting injured in a car wreck is bad enough — but what if the other at-fault driver doesn’t have insurance or not enough insurance to pay for your vehicle damage, medical bills, and other costs? Unfortunately, you could be left holding the bag. To protect yourself from uninsured or underinsured drivers on Texas roads, the personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group recommend adding UM/UIM coverage to your insurance policy if you don’t already have it. In this article, we will explain UM/UIM coverage and how it can help if you (or your passengers) are injured in a wreck caused by an uninsured or underinsured motorist. But first, please watch this short video by Fort Worth personal injury lawyer Ty Stimpson, who has devoted his life to helping people who have been injured due to other people’s negligence. https://youtu. be/tvNu_S8KcT4 What is UM/UIM coverage? UM/UIM coverage is a type of insurance policy that pays for injuries and damages caused by a motorist who: flees the scene of an accident – also known as a hit and run driver. is underinsured – meaning they don’t have enough coverage to pay for your damages or injuries. is uninsured – meaning they don’t have insurance at all. UM/UIM insurance covers expenses, up to your policy limit, for medical bills, lost wages, vehicle repairs, rental car, etc. Think of it as back-up coverage that provides an extra layer of protection in the event of the unthinkable. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we understand car accidents can be sudden and stressful events. That’s why we want to make sure you have the information you need about uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage. What does UM/UIM stand for? UM stands for uninsured motorist; UIM stands for underinsured motorist. Who is covered under a UM/UIM policy? Your UM/UIM policy can cover you, the named insured, your family members, passengers in your car at the time of the accident and anyone driving with your consent. Aren’t Texans required to carry auto insurance? Yes, Texans are required to at least have liability coverage, which pays to repair the other’s driver’s vehicle if they are at fault for the accident, as well as their medical bills and other expenses. According to Section 601. 072 of the Texas Insurance Code, drivers are required to have at least $30,000 worth of coverage for injuries per person, up to a total of $60,000 per accident, and $25,000 for property damage. This is commonly referred to as 30/65/25 coverage. Unfortunately, millions of Texans don’t carry any insurance at all. How many uninsured drivers are in Texas? Even though Texas drivers are required by law to carry liability automobile insurance, millions of people have chosen to ignore this mandate. An estimated 20 percent of drivers are currently uninsured in the Lone Star State, according to TexasSure, a program designed to reduce the number of insured motorists in Texas. Texans pay nearly $900 million a year for protection against uninsured or underinsured motorists. If you’ve ever... > Get the legal support you need for a military divorce. Learn about the unique laws and regulations affecting military personnel and their spouses. - Published: 2023-02-05 - Modified: 2023-02-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/military-divorce/ Getting a divorce is never an easy process, but military divorce in Texas brings its own unique challenges. When one or both spouses are in active military service, the rules and regulations that govern the divorce proceedings can be confusing and difficult to navigate. This is where the expertise of a highly qualified military divorce attorney comes in. At Varghese Summersett, we understand the complexities of military divorce and are committed to helping our clients navigate the process with confidence. Our team of experienced attorneys has a thorough understanding of Texas law and the specific legal challenges that come with military divorce. We are here to provide guidance, support, and representation every step of the way. Understanding Jurisdiction in Military Divorce in Texas One of the most important factors in a military divorce is jurisdiction. This refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a case. In a military divorce, jurisdiction is determined by several factors, including the residency of the parties, the location of the marital property, and the location of the military installation where the service member is stationed. Texas law requires that one spouse must have been a resident of the state for at least six months prior to filing for divorce. If both parties are residents of Texas, the divorce may be filed in the county where either spouse resides. If one spouse is a resident of Texas and the other is not, the divorce must be filed in the county where the Texas resident resides. When a military service member is stationed in Texas, the divorce may be filed in the county where the service member is stationed, regardless of the residency of the other spouse. This is because the military installation is considered to be the legal residence of the service member while they are on active duty. The Impact of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (SCRA) is a federal law that provides protection to active duty military service members in various legal proceedings, including divorce. The SCRA provides a stay of proceedings, which means that a divorce cannot be finalized while the service member is on active duty, unless the service member agrees to the divorce. This means that a military service member who is on active duty has the right to postpone a divorce proceeding until they are no longer on active duty. The purpose of this protection is to ensure that service members are not distracted from their duties by the stress of a legal proceeding. Understanding Military Divorce Military divorce is governed by both state and federal laws, which can make the process more complex than a typical civilian divorce. In addition to standard divorce proceedings, military divorce also involves a number of unique issues, such as the division of military pensions, access to military benefits, and the impact of deployment on the divorce process. Division of Military Pensions: Military pensions are an important asset in any divorce, and in a military... > If you sustained injuries in an accident due to someone's negligence, you need an attorney. Call 817-207-HURT for a free consultation. - Published: 2023-02-05 - Modified: 2023-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/do-i-need-an-attorney-if-i-was-hurt-in-accident/ If you sustained injuries in an accident due to someone else's negligence, you need an attorney. Call 817-207-4878. If you've been hurt in an accident, you may be wondering if you need an attorney. The answer depends on a number of factors, including the type of accident, the severity of your injuries, and whether the other party was at fault. But in most instances, the general rule is this: if you sustained damage or injuries due to someone's negligence, then it's worth picking up the phone and contacting a personal injury lawyer. In this blog post, the experienced personal injury lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group will further explain when you should consider hiring a personal injury lawyer, what they can do for you, and how much it will cost (hint: not a dime out of pocket at our law firm). When You Need an Attorney: 4 Tell-Tale Signs Being hurt in an accident can be a terrifying experience. Not only are you worried about your health and safety, but at the same time, you may be concerned about the financial implications of your injury. This is where an experienced personal injury attorney comes in. Here are 4 tell-tale signs that you need a lawyer: 1) You Sustained Injury: If you sustained an injury that required medical attention, it's important to consult with a personal injury attorney as soon as possible. This is especially true if the injury has caused you to suffer financial losses due to lost wages from time off from work, medical bills, or property damage. 2) The Other Party Was At Fault: If you believe another person or entity was at fault for the accident that left you injured, it’s important to contact an experienced personal injury lawyer. A lawyer can help identify who is liable and seek damages to fully compensate you. 3) The Accident is Complex: If the accident that left you injured is particularly complicated, it's important to contact a lawyer. Personal injury cases often involve multiple parties, multiple insurers, and a lot of paperwork. A qualified personal injury attorney can help navigate the complexities of such situations and ensure that you are protected throughout the process. 4) You're Being Offered a Quick Settlement: If the other party or their insurance company offers you a quick settlement, it's important to speak with an attorney before accepting any money. It's not uncommon for insurance companies to try and resolve claims involving injury as quickly as possible - usually with a low or unfair offer. A knowledgeable personal injury lawyer can evaluate the settlement offer and advise you on whether or not it's in your best interest to accept it. They can also negotiate a better settlement. What types of accidents does a personal injury lawyer handle? Personal injury claims cover a wide variety of situations and different types of accidents. At Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, we handle: Wrongful Death Car Accidents Trucking Accidents Motorcycle Accidents DWI Wrecks Bus Accidents Hit and Run Accidents Premise Liability Claims Slip and Falls Dog Bite Claims It's important to point out that this list... > Nolo contendere pleas are rare but a wise move in certain criminal cases. For a consultation about a Dallas nolo contendere plea, contact Varghese Summersett. - Published: 2023-02-02 - Modified: 2023-07-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/nolo-contendere-plea/ What is a nolo contendere plea in Texas? Nolo contendere is a relatively rare plea from a criminal defendant in Texas. Nolo contendere is often referred to as no contest, and means the defendant neither accepts nor denies responsibility for the crime but accepts any punishment as if they pleaded guilty. The critical point to remember about a nolo contendere plea is that they can’t be used against the defendant in another case, unlike guilty pleas. Judges are typically allowed to accept nolo contendere pleas but are authorized to rule and allocate the punishment just as if the defendant pleads guilty. A nolo contendere plea does not admit guilt to the offense but indicates that the defendant won’t fight the charge. Are you facing a criminal charge and considering pleading nolo contendere? You need to consult with an experienced criminal defense attorney at Varghese Summesett. What does a nolo contendere plea mean? Nolo contendere is Latin for “I do not wish to contend. ” It is most commonly referred to as no contest. Pleading nolo contendere in Texas court means a defendant accepts a conviction but doesn’t admit guilt for the alleged crime. In short, a person pleading nolo contendere accepts the punishment for a conviction but never actually admits guilt to the offense. The defendant also isn’t denying responsibility for the alleged criminal offense when pleading nolo contendere. It doesn’t change the consequences of a guilty verdict for a criminal charge, but the defendant never admits guilt and is spared going through a lengthy trial. You should consult with an experienced Dallas nolo contendere plea lawyer to have a complete understanding of its ramifications. What does pleading nolo contendere accomplish? Pleading no contest allows a defendant to avoid admitting guilt in a criminal case. A nolo contendere plea is an option for anyone who caused serious personal injuries or substantial property damage. This could be a wise move for a defendant in a criminal case because the victim of the crime could file a personal injury or property damage suit against the defendant, claiming to recover medical expenses, damages, and other related compensation. The victim could use a guilty plea in a criminal case in their civil lawsuit as evidence of the defendant’s liability. A no-contest plea, however, can’t be used as evidence in a civil case. This scenario is the main reason a defendant would plead nolo contendere in a criminal case. How do you use a nolo contendere plea in plea bargains? Pleading no contest may also be a condition agreed upon with the prosecutor in which the defendant accepts the charge in exchange for a softer sentence. In some cases, a prosecutor might even offer to charge a defendant with a lesser offense if they agree to a no-contest plea. If a person pleads no contest in a misdemeanor case, the plea can’t be used against them as an admission of guilt in a civil lawsuit arising from the same incident on which the criminal prosecution... > Are you facing assault charges in Dallas, Texas? Here are the best ways to beat Dallas assault charges. Contact the Varghese Summersett criminal defense team. - Published: 2023-02-01 - Modified: 2023-07-21 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/beat-dallas-assault-charges/ How do you beat Dallas assault charges? All is not lost if you face a first-time assault charge in Dallas. You have options, but you need to act fast. This post will look at the five best ways to beat Dallas assault charges, the penalties for a conviction, and the different types of assault. The 5 Best Ways to Beat Dallas Assault Charges 1. Leverage specifics in domestic assault cases Family and domestic violence assault cases have different rules than almost any other type of assault case. Texas has the “nature of the relationship” rule. It means both sides can enter evidence regarding the nature of the relationship that could help the jury better understand whether or not an assault occurred. For example, if the alleged victim has been the aggressor, instigator, or abuser in the past, those details could be relevant to the current case. Typically, these cases don’t reach a jury trial, allowing a defense attorney to leverage this history during negotiations with prosecutors. Also, officers make arrests based on probable cause, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt. When officers arrive on the scene of an alleged assault, their main objective is to preserve the peace and protect public safety. They often issue an arrest to diffuse a situation and leave it to the prosecutors to determine whether to press charges. Good officers and prosecutors can make incorrect assumptions. 2. Alleged victims who no longer wish to press charges In many domestic disputes, the alleged victim often regrets the accusation and wishes not to prosecute. An adept defense attorney will understand how to use this for their client. An affidavit of non-prosecution is a document filed by the alleged victim telling the court they no longer want to prosecute and will not hold the district attorney’s office responsible for dropping the charges. In some instances, the affidavit includes the alleged victim recanting or denying the offense happened. In most major Texas counties, this isn’t enough to get a case dismissed. Prosecutors are often skeptical of affidavits of non-prosecution from victims. Prosecutors will question their motives, be it love, financial dependence, or reconciliation. Prosecutors won’t dismiss a case for these reasons. Knowledgeable attorneys, however, will use the best ways to beat Dallas assault charges by creating a record of the information to help leverage their client’s defense during negotiations with the prosecution and in the event of a trial. It’s important to remember that prosecutors decide when and if a case is dismissed, not the alleged victim. It’s not unheard of to have a case go to trial without the support of the alleged victim. 3. Mitigation A mitigation packet helps establish the person accused as something more than a file docket number in the eyes of a prosecutor. The defense attorney gathers information to show the defendant’s redeeming qualities and give the prosecutor potential reasons to dismiss the case or reduce the charge. Examples of background information include volunteer work, academic achievements, work achievements, and character letters from... > Provide comprehensive legal support to attorneys as well as guidance to clients going through divorce child custody, other family matters - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/6-reasons-attorneys-have-family-law-paralegals/ Behind every successful family law attorney is an exceptional family law paralegal. They are the attorney's right hand, second set of eyes, and sounding board. They are the engine that helps move their cases forward. At Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, we have five amazing paralegals on our team. They play a huge role in helping our attorneys deliver the best results possible for our clients. Here are six reasons why successful divorce and child custody attorneys have family law paralegals: Increased Efficiency. Family law paralegals free up attorneys' time, allowing them to focus on providing legal advice and representing clients in court rather than pushing paperwork and fielding phone calls. Family law paralegals draft documents, file pleadings, conduct research, and help prepare cases for court. They also provide administrative support, including managing attorneys' calendars and scheduling client meetings. Client Support. Paralegals often communicate directly with clients to explain the process and help guide them through the complexities of family law. At Varghese Summersett Family Law Group, the first point of contact for a potential new client is usually one of our paralegals. They understand the sensitivities of family law matters and are trained to provide compassionate support while receiving and conveying information. Please take a moment to watch this video by senior paralegal Julie Lystad about what clients can expect during their first call. https://youtu. be/V67EEEL0OJw? feature=shared Saves Time and Money. An experienced family law paralegal can help reduce clients’ legal fees by preparing documents quickly and efficiently. They also have a thorough understanding of the process, so they can anticipate potential issues that may arise. Paralegals also help keep clients' cases on track by being a second set of eyes to review documents, ensure deadlines are met, and follow up with clients if necessary. This extra layer of oversight reduces mistakes and ensures that nothing is overlooked in the process. It also allows for smoother filings and quicker case resolutions. Experience and Expertise. Family law paralegals have a deep understanding of the Texas Family Code and all related rules, statutes, requirements, procedures, and deadlines associated with divorce, child custody cases and other family-related matters. Their experience and knowledge allow them to provide a higher level of service than law firms that don't have dedicated paralegals. 5. Precedent and Procedural Knowledge. A great family law paralegal knows the local court system, filing procedures, and even some of the judges’ preferences. This institutional knowledge helps cases maneuver through the system more quickly and accurately. Judges and court staff also appreciate a well-prepared attorney with a knowledgeable paralegal. 6. Client Satisfaction. Family law paralegals play a vital role in delivering positive outcomes for clients. They provide much-needed support and understanding throughout the process, which helps build trust between clients and attorneys. Their attention to detail, time management skills, and organization help cases move forward quickly and efficiently, resulting in satisfied clients who feel confident and prepared to embark on the next chapter of their lives. The Role of Paralegals Paralegals play... > Criminal defense attorneys write federal sentencing memorandum to persuade judges the lowest-possible sentence is appropriate at federal sentencing hearings. - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2023-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-sentencing-memorandum/ What is a Federal Sentencing Memorandum? Criminal defense attorneys write a federal sentencing memorandum to help persuade the judge that the lowest-possible sentence is appropriate at a federal sentencing hearing. It can be one of the most impactful things a federal practitioner does and often carries a lot of weight with the judge. The memorandum, also called a sentencing memo, aims to present a fuller picture of the defendant’s circumstances, including biographical history, personal hardships, and factors that may have led to poor decisions, including the offense at hand. The document also includes positive attributes and redeeming qualities, relevant background on the defendant’s health, mental health, substance abuse history, and dysfunctional family dynamics. The court will use three reports when determining the appropriate sentence. The others are the probation department’s presentence investigation report and the prosecutor’s sentencing memorandum. All three documents describe the offense, nature, and circumstances surrounding the events. The defense frames the offense in the most favorable light for the defendant. The probation officer’s presentence investigation report (PSR or PSI report) and the prosecutor’s memorandum oppositely frame the offense. The judge reviews the PSR, the memorandums from both sides, and any character testimonials for the defendant before sentencing. If you’re facing a federal sentence, legal representation is vital. Varghese Summersett’s team of federal defense attorneys includes former federal and state prosecutors. This blog post explains federal sentencing memorandums, their importance, and how judges use them. What information is included in a federal sentencing memorandum? Federal sentencing guidelines limit much of what the judge can consider. Savvy federal defense attorneys, however, can ensure the judge is aware of background information that better reflects on their client in a well-written federal sentencing memorandum. These areas include, but are not limited to: Highlighting improvements in the defendant’s behavior and mindset; Outlining the defendant’s future goals and aspirations; Defining and emphasizing the defendant’s redeeming qualities; Contrasting their sentencing with other defendants’ or co-conspirators’ sentences; Emphasizing the defendant’s lack of danger to society; Making specific requests about where the defendant should be housed – and why. The defense’s memorandum typically challenges any incorrect claims made by the prosecutor or the probation officer. What is the reason for a federal sentencing memorandum? A federal sentencing memorandum allows the defense to persuade the judge why a lighter sentence would be appropriate. The defense typically argues reasons for a sentence lower than the advisory guidelines in the memorandum. For instance, if the sentencing guidelines call for an advisory 60-month sentence, the defense memorandum would argue why it should instead be a 24-month sentence. Letters of support from family members, friends, and other members of the community help testify to the defendant’s moral character and reputation. What is the federal probation officer’s interview with the defendant? During the presentence investigation process, the federal probation officer typically interviews the defendant for about an hour. The interview often occurs immediately following the change of plea hearing or after a guilty verdict if the defendant goes to trial. If not,... > Can your social media be used as evidence in Texas criminal cases by police and prosecutors? Yes. Call Varghese Summersett for the best defense in North Texas. - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2023-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/social-media-be-used-as-evidence/ Can social media be used as evidence in Texas criminal cases? Most of us have heard the famous Miranda Rights line "anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law" from film and television. That includes just about anything you've posted on social media. Law enforcement and prosecutors can use your social media history as evidence against you in Texas criminal cases in multiple ways. The comments, images, videos, likes, and shares on social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram can easily be searched by investigators, and the information can be used in court. Furthermore, investigators can request access to certain restricted social media data using a judge-approved search warrant, subpoena, or other court order. It's not just the content of your social media accounts that could hurt your case. The embedded information connected to online apps can help prosecutors build an incriminating timeline against you. The Varghese Summerset criminal defense team is adept at working with clients to minimize any potential social media issues. Our firm includes Board Certified criminal defense attorneys and former prosecutors who will proactively defend your rights. In this post, we'll examine how social media can be used as evidence, whether deleting posts and accounts is helpful, and how to handle your social media history during a criminal case in Texas. How can social media posts harm my Texas criminal case? Prosecutors can use any incriminating social media information in court. Examples of social media posts that could harm your case include: Threatening messages Comments or images that contradict an alibi Anything that contradicts your previous testimony during an investigation Information that identifies your location before, during, and after an alleged crime Comments by family or friends that could be misinterpreted Are my private social media communications safe from investigators? Not really. Even if you use the highest privacy settings on your social media accounts, prosecutors and investigators could obtain a search warrant to explore your electronic devices for incriminating data, including: Records of deleted social media posts; Private posts shared with friends, and Private messages, including emails. Should I delete social media accounts if I'm facing criminal charges? If you're facing criminal charges, you might think it's a smart move to delete social media posts or entire accounts with potentially incriminating information. Not necessarily. You should consult your criminal defense attorney before deleting anything. Prosecutors and investigators could view any deletions as an attempt to erase evidence. Even worse, it could open you to criminal liability for tampering with evidence. Either way, it could hurt your defense. A skilled defense attorney will have a strong understanding of how you should handle your online history. It's not just about the content on your social media feeds The content of your social media feeds is not the only thing you need to be concerned about. Prosecutors and law enforcement can use information such as your location, time stamps, and other encrypted data to help make their case against you.... > Can police search my phone during a traffic stop? Usually not. Call Varghese Summersett to speak with a defense attorney if your phone was searched illegally. - Published: 2023-01-31 - Modified: 2023-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-police-search-my-phone/ Can police search my phone during a Texas traffic stop? Technology continues to change our world at lightning speed. The emergence of smartphones, for example, has put the power of a computer in nearly every adult’s hands worldwide. While technology has often led to alterations and updates to our laws, one important tenant remains unchanged: the Fourth Amendment. The Bill of Rights prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of cell phones during traffic stops without a judge-issued warrant. However, there are rare circumstances in which officials can search someone’s phone without a warrant, which we’ll detail later in this post. Do you believe police illegally searched your phone during a traffic stop? You need to protect your rights. The criminal defense team at Varghese Summersett has more than 150 years of combined experience protecting the rights of its clients in North Texas. What are my rights if the police ask to search my phone? The U. S. Supreme Court held in Riley v. California in 2014 that a person’s cell phone can’t be searched by law enforcement without a valid warrant. The court said citizens have a reasonable expectation of privacy with their cell phones and the personal information typically stored on such devices. An officer can ask to look at your phone, but you can deny the request. If an officer views any contents on your phone without consent or a valid search warrant, the potential evidence gathered from the phone is inadmissible in court. What should you do during a Texas traffic stop? If the police pull you over in Texas, remember to remain calm. Give the officer your driver’s license and proof of registration, and keep your hands visible, perhaps on the steering wheel. It’s important to be courteous, regardless of the officer’s demeanor. Can police search my phone? Generally, no. You can refuse if an officer asks to search your phone. If you consent to a search, the police can use any found evidence against you. This is why it’s important to exercise your right to privacy. If you don’t consent to the search, the officer has no option but to stop. If the officer believes the search is necessary, they’ll obtain a warrant. Judges don’t typically grant warrants unless there is a substantial reason for the request. When can police search my phone during a traffic stop in Texas? There are a few rare circumstances in which an officer can conduct a warrantless search of your cell phone without consent. According to the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, if exigent circumstances exist at the moment, an officer is allowed to search a cell phone. Exigent circumstances occur when an officer reasonably believes that entry or other relevant prompt action is necessary to prevent physical harm to officers or others, the destruction of evidence, or the escape of a suspected felon. What does “exigent circumstances” mean in Texas? There are no Texas or federal laws that specifically define what exigent circumstances are or what is meant by... > Winter driving tips for Texans - a look at driving in inclement weather in the Lone Star State. - Published: 2023-01-30 - Modified: 2023-01-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/winter-driving-tips/ Winter Driving Tips - Texas Edition If you live in Texas and you are driving during winter weather, it's hard not to think about the massive ice storm that took place in February of 2021 where over 100 vehicles piled up and six people died. https://youtu. be/gwsf7VdoFHo In this article, we will discuss how to stay safe on the ice and what to do if you're involved in an accident during inclement weather. Texas Roads are Difficult to Traverse During the Winter Ice is particularly dangerous on the roadways in Texas, and hence the reasons for these winter driving tips for Texans, for several reasons: Rare Occurrence: Ice is not a common occurrence in Texas, and drivers may not be familiar with how to handle their vehicles on ice. Lack of Winter Preparation: Many locations in Texas lack proper winter road preparation infrastructure, such as de-icing trucks or salt trucks, to clear the roads of ice. Unexpected Conditions: Ice storms in Texas can occur unexpectedly, making it difficult for drivers to react and adjust their driving to the hazardous conditions. Unprepared Vehicles: Many vehicles in Texas may not be equipped with winter tires or chains, which can make it difficult to maintain traction on the icy roads. Poor Visibility: Ice storms can result in low visibility, making it difficult for drivers to see the road ahead, leading to accidents. The Dangers of 18 Wheelers on Ice As the winter months approach, many parts of the country are at risk of encountering freezing temperatures, snow, and ice. While these conditions can make driving difficult for all vehicles, they can be particularly dangerous for 18-wheelers. These large vehicles, also known as semi-trucks, are essential for transporting goods across the country but can also pose significant risks to other drivers on the road. Decreased Traction and Increased Braking Distance One of the biggest challenges for 18 wheelers on ice is decreased traction. This can make it difficult for the driver to control the vehicle, especially when braking or turning. Additionally, the increased weight of an 18 wheeler requires a longer braking distance, meaning that the vehicle will take longer to stop than a passenger car. This can be especially dangerous in icy conditions, as the driver may not be able to stop in time to avoid an accident. Difficulty in Steering and Maintaining Lane Control Another issue with 18 wheelers on ice is the difficulty in steering and maintaining lane control. The large size of the vehicle and its trailer can make it more challenging to navigate on slippery roads. This can increase the risk of the vehicle drifting into other lanes or veering off the road, which can be dangerous for other drivers. Higher Chance of Jackknifing and Rolling Over One of the most serious risks associated with 18 wheelers on ice is the higher chance of jackknifing and rolling over. A jackknife occurs when the trailer of the truck folds in on itself, creating a V shape. This can be caused... > Mattel donates 2000 Barbies and other toys to Cook Children’s Medical Center in Fort Worth on Thursday in memory of Athena Strand. - Published: 2023-01-25 - Modified: 2023-01-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/matel-donates-barbies-in-memory-of-athena-strand/ Mattel donated 2000 Barbies and other toys to Cook Children’s Medical Center in Fort Worth on Thursday in memory of Athena Strand. Athena, 7, was kidnapped and killed by a FedEx driver delivering a package of “You Can Be Anything" Barbies to her father’s home in Wise County. After hearing about the tragedy, Mattel contacted Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group, which is representing Athena’s mother, Maitlyn Gandy. “Mattel wanted to make a Barbie donation in honor of Athena,” said Benson Varghese, Managing Partner of Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group. “We asked Maitlyn if she had someplace in mind, and she immediately said ‘Cook Children’s Medical Center. ’ Of course, it made perfect sense when she told us her reason. ” In September, Athena became ill and was hospitalized for three days at Cook Children’s Medical Center. During her time there, she was given a pink “Prayer Bear. ” The Prayer Bear brought her joy and quickly became her favorite stuffed animal. The Prayer Bear was in Athena’s pink coffin during her funeral service last month. By selecting Cook Children’s as the recipient of Mattel’s Barbie and toy donation, Maitlyn hopes thousands of children will feel the same joy the Prayer Bear gave her daughter. On Thursday, Maitlyn and her legal team helped a six-person group from Mattel set up barbies and toys for a “You Can Be Anything” event organized by Cook Children’s Medical Center. Afterward, Maitlyn interacted with the patients as they came down to select a toy, have a snack, and complete crafts that focused on the children’s future and goals. “This was a special event in memory of my daughter,” Maitlyn said. “I’m grateful for everyone who helped make it happen. ” Megan Hodges Cook, Community Program Coordinator at Cook Children’s, said Thursday’s event was incredibly important to the emotional well-being of the patients and families they serve. “The generosity of Maitlyn and Mattel is overwhelming,” said Hodges Cook. “Mattel provided all of our patient’s favorite toys, including Barbies that represent all of the different patients we serve, Little People, Imaginext dinosaurs, Hot Wheels and even a Fisher Price cell phone toy for infants and toddlers! “They did not leave a single child’s age or interests unaccounted for, and they brought our most needed toys. In serving our patients, it is not unusual for us to distribute 50-100 Barbies every month, hundreds of Hot Wheels cars, and 40 or more hand-held infant toys every month. I can’t even imagine the number of patients that will be touched by the donation Mattel made in honor of Athena. It is truly amazing. ” Nancy Molenda, Executive Director of the Mattel Children’s Foundation, said their purpose is to empower the next generation to explore the wonder of childhood and “reach their full potential. ” “We are honored to be part of this event and to help bring the power of play to the patients of Cook Children’s,” she said. Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group is a Fort Worth-based personal injury... > Do you need your spouse to leave your home before the divorce is final? Is your spouse asking you to leave? Call the Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. - Published: 2023-01-24 - Modified: 2025-12-29 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-do-i-get-my-spouse-to-leave/ In Texas, you cannot force your spouse to leave the marital home without a court order, even if your name is the only one on the mortgage or lease. The exception is family violence: if you can prove your spouse committed violence against you or your children within the past 30 days, a judge can issue a protective order that removes them from the home. Whether you've been locked out, want your spouse to leave, or need protection from a violent partner, understanding your legal options is critical. The family law attorneys at Varghese Summersett have helped hundreds of North Texas families through these exact situations. Here's what you need to know about living arrangements during a Texas divorce. Can My Spouse Force Me to Move Out During a Divorce in Texas? No. Neither spouse can force the other to leave the marital home without court intervention. Under Texas law, both parties have a legal right to remain in the residence until a judge orders otherwise, regardless of whose name appears on the deed or lease. Texas is a community property state, which means most assets acquired during the marriage belong to both spouses equally. This includes the family home. Even if you purchased the house before the marriage or only your name is on the title, the property is presumed to be community property until a court determines otherwise during divorce proceedings. The only way to legally remove a spouse from the marital home is through a protective order based on family violence allegations. Simply wanting your spouse gone, or even owning the house outright, does not give you the right to kick them out. What Should I Do If My Spouse Locked Me Out of the House? If your spouse locks you out and your name is on the lease or mortgage, you have every right to re-enter your home. Here's what to do: Call the police. Officers can help facilitate your entry and document the incident. Having law enforcement present often prevents the situation from escalating. Bring a witness. Ask a friend or family member to accompany you. Their testimony could be valuable if the matter goes before a judge. Record everything. Use your phone to document the locked doors, any confrontation, and your peaceful re-entry. Video evidence protects you against false accusations. Call a locksmith if needed. You are legally permitted to have the locks changed or call a locksmith to gain entry to your own home. In urgent situations, breaking a window or door to enter your residence is also within your rights. Whatever you do, remain calm. Avoid physical confrontation. Your goal is to document your spouse's attempt to illegally exclude you from your home while demonstrating that you acted reasonably. Can My Spouse Cancel the Lease Without My Consent? It depends on whose name is on the lease. If only your spouse's name appears on the rental agreement, they may have the legal ability to terminate it, which could force you to find... > From time to time, parents want to agree to no child support. However, the agreement is not legally binding unless a judge approves it. Learn more. - Published: 2023-01-24 - Modified: 2023-07-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/can-parents-agree-to-no-child-support-in-texas/ From time to time, parents will ask if they can agree to no child support in Texas. In other words, both parties would like child support to be waived so that no one is required to pay. The simple answer to this question is: it's possible, but only if the agreement is approved by a judge. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth child support attorneys will explain what happens if parents want to forgo child support and answer some frequently asked questions about this arrangement. Why would parents agree to no child support in Texas? In some cases, parents agree that child support isn't needed. Often, in such circumstances, the parties have a good relationship, comparable high incomes, and share parenting time and resources equitably. They feel child support isn't necessary and agree that it shouldn't be part of their divorce or child agreement. Sometimes we also see requests for waiver of child support when the non-custodial parent is struggling financially, and the other parent is well-off and doesn't need child support to afford the child's expenses. What does Texas law say if parents agree to no child support? Texas Family Code 154. 124 states that parties may enter into a written agreement concerning child support, but a court must find that the agreement is in the "best interest of the child. " If the court doesn't find the agreement in the child's best interest, the judge may order child support anyway. Ultimately, it's up to the judge. Even after an agreement is reached and signed off on by both parties, it must still be approved by a judge before it is legally binding. The judge doesn't have to go along with it - and often will not. So, what is the process if parents agree they don't want child support? Generally speaking, under Texas law, both parents are required to contribute financially to the support of the child. This includes providing for the child’s food, clothing, health care, and other basic needs. To have a no-child support agreement approved, the agreement must be in writing and signed by both parties. It should include a provision that the agreement will remain in effect until there is a material change in circumstances. The agreement should also state that either party may go back to court and request modification of the agreement if necessary. It's important to have an experienced family law attorney guide you through this process, prepare the required documentation, and argue for the agreement to be approved by a judge after careful consideration by everyone involved. Why would a judge agree to no child support in Texas? A judge may agree to no child support in Texas if the agreement serves the best interest of the child or children involved. These factors include: emotional stability, the child's physical health and safety, financial security, and social development. The agreement must also prove that both parents are financially capable of fully providing for the child's basic needs without relying on... > A Diminished Value Claim in Texas recognizes a vehicle invovled in an accident is not going to be as valuable as one that was not - even if repaired. - Published: 2023-01-24 - Modified: 2023-01-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/diminished-value-claim-in-texas/ What is a diminished value claim in Texas? A diminished value claim in Texas is a type of claim that a vehicle owner can make when their vehicle has been in an accident and has been repaired, but the vehicle's value has been diminished as a result of the accident. This can occur even if the repairs were done properly, as the fact that the vehicle has been in an accident can still negatively impact its value. To pursue a diminished value claim in Texas, the vehicle owner will need to first determine if their insurance policy covers such claims. If it does, they will need to file a claim with their insurance company. The vehicle owner will need to provide evidence of the diminished value, such as a pre-accident valuation of the vehicle and a post-accident valuation. They may also need to provide documentation of the repairs that were done to the vehicle. Establishing a Diminished Value Claim in Texas The type of evidence that a person will need to make a diminished value claim in Texas will depend on the specific circumstances of the case. However, some common types of evidence that may be required include: A pre-accident valuation of the vehicle, such as a Kelley Blue Book or NADA valuation A post-accident valuation of the vehicle, such as a professional appraisal Documentation of the repairs that were done to the vehicle, such as repair invoices and photos of the repairs Any documentation of the accident itself, such as a police report or accident report It is difficult to find specific statistics on the frequency and success rate of diminished value claims in Texas, as this information is not typically tracked by the state government or insurance companies. However, the National Association of Automobile Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) reports that only a small percentage of policyholders file diminished value claims, and that these claims are often denied by insurance companies. Laws regarding diminished value claims in Texas can be complex, and it is always recommended to consult with an attorney or other professional who is experienced in handling these types of claims. What are the types of diminished value claims? There are two main types of diminished value claims: inherent diminished value and repair-related diminished value. Inherent diminished value refers to the loss of value that a vehicle experiences simply as a result of being in an accident, regardless of whether or not it was repaired. This type of diminished value can result from factors such as the vehicle's history of accidents, the severity of the accident, and the specific make and model of the vehicle. Repair-related diminished value refers to the loss of value that a vehicle experiences as a result of poor or incomplete repairs. This type of diminished value can result from factors such as the use of aftermarket or used parts, substandard repair techniques, or the failure to properly align or calibrate the vehicle's systems. Some states only recognize one of the two types, that... > This article answers, "when can a child sit in the front seat in Texas?" - Published: 2023-01-15 - Modified: 2023-01-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/when-can-a-child-sit-in-the-front-seat-in-texas/ Lots of people wonder whether there is a law that answers, "When can a child sit in the front seat in Texas? " There is no law in Texas that sets out a specific age at which a child can sit in the front seat. However, there are a number of safety considerations that affect when a child can sit in the front seat. In combination with laws that affect the ages at which a child must be in a child seat, this does create some practical restrictions. When is a child required to be in a child seat or booster seat in Texas? Texas Transportation Code Section Sec. 545. 412 requires: Anyone under the age of 8 to be in an "infant or child passenger restraint system. " This includes child seats and booster seats. There are some important exceptions: for a child who is taller than 4 feet 9 inches, an emergency, or for law enforcement purposes. Once a child reaches the age of 8, they are no longer required to use a booster seat or a car seat, regardless of their age. What are the stages for infant or child passenger restraint system? Stage 1: Rear-facing car seats are recommended to be used as long as possible up to the weigh limit of the harness. Children should always be in a rear-facing child seat up until they are either 1 year old or 22 pounds. Stage 2: Forward-facing child seats are appropriate after a child is 1 or at least 22 pounds until they weigh between 40-65 pounds. Stage 3: Booster seat. A child who has outgrown the Stage 2 child seat (generally around age 4) should use a booster seat until they are 4 feet 9 inches tall. Stage 4: Adult Safety Belt: Once a child is 4 feet 9 inches tall or has reached the age of 8, they can use just an adult safety belt. Child seat requirements and whether a child sit in the front seat in Texas You generally cannot put a rear-facing child seat in the front seat if there is an airbag in the vehicle. The only exception is if you are able to turn the airbag off, which some single-cab vehicles allow. It is otherwise recommended to use front-facing child seats In Texas, there are no specific requirements for sitting in the front seat of a vehicle. However, there are certain laws and regulations that apply to all passengers in a vehicle, regardless of where they are seated. If a child safety seat must be used in the front seat, it is important to ensure that the airbags are turned off, or that the seat is positioned in a way that the child will not be injured by the deployment of the airbags. The manual for the child safety seat and the vehicle should be consulted for specific instructions on how to safely use the seat in the front seat. It is generally recommended that children under the age... > The laws regarding same-sex marriages and divorce have changed. Here are some tips for a same sex divorce in Texas. - Published: 2023-01-09 - Modified: 2023-03-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/same-sex-divorce-in-texas/ Same-sex divorce in Texas is a complex process that can be emotionally and financially difficult for couples who have decided to end their marriage. While Texas has recognized same-sex marriage since 2015, it has a long history of banning and restricting these unions, which can create additional challenges for same-sex couples seeking to divorce. In this article, we will provide an overview of the laws and processes related to same sex divorce in Texas, as well as some tips for navigating this process. History of same sex marriage and divorce in Texas Same-sex marriage has been a controversial issue in Texas for decades. It was not until the United States Supreme Court's 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex marriage became legal throughout the United States, including in Texas. Prior to this ruling, same-sex couples in Texas were not allowed to marry or divorce, and many were forced to travel to other states in order to legally end their relationships. This created a complex and often confusing situation for couples who were seeking to divorce, as they were often not sure how to proceed or where to turn for help. Current laws related to same-sex divorce in Texas Since the Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges, same-sex couples in Texas have been able to marry and divorce just like opposite-sex couples. This means that they are subject to the same laws and processes as opposite-sex couples when it comes to divorce, including issues related to property division, child custody, and spousal support. Here are some provisions that same-sex couples should be aware of when it comes to divorce in Texas. Residency requirements for Divorce in Texas In order to file for divorce in Texas, one spouse must have lived in the state for at least six months, and in the county where the divorce is being filed for at least 90 days. This can be a particular challenge for same-sex couples who have moved to Texas from other states, as they may not have lived in the state long enough to meet these requirements. Property Division in Same Sex Divorce in Texas Texas is a community property state, which means that all property and debts acquired during the marriage are considered to be owned equally by both spouses. This includes both assets and debts, and they must be divided equitably (though not necessarily equally) during the divorce process. For same-sex couples, this can be particularly complicated if one spouse owned property or had debts prior to the marriage, as these assets may not be subject to community property laws. Out-of-State Marriages Recognition of same-sex marriages from other states: Texas will recognize same-sex marriages that were legally performed in other states, even if those marriages would not have been recognized in Texas at the time they were performed. This means that same-sex couples who were married in other states but now live in Texas can divorce in the state, even if they were not able to marry there. Process... > A guardian ad litem in Texas is appointed by the court to represent the best interest of a child in a family law matters. - Published: 2023-01-06 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-guardian-ad-litem-in-texas-family-cases/ A guardian ad litem (guardian ad litem) is a court-appointed advocate whose only job is to represent what is best for your child — not either parent. In Texas divorce and child custody cases, a judge may appoint a guardian ad litem when parents are in serious dispute and the child's welfare could be lost in the conflict. The Varghese Summersett Family Law Group has guided hundreds of Texas families through some of the most difficult moments of their lives. Led by Partner J. Turner Thornton — a skilled litigator, negotiator, and licensed mediator — our team includes experienced attorneys who understand every dimension of Texas child custody law, including what happens when a guardian ad litem enters the picture. With four offices across Texas and over 1,100 five-star reviews, we are here to protect what matters most: your child and your family. You've Seen Us On What Is a Guardian Ad Litem in Texas? The phrase "ad litem" is Latin for "for the suit. " Under Section 107. 001 of the Texas Family Code, a guardian ad litem is defined as "a person appointed to represent the best interests of a child. " The court appoints a guardian ad litem when it determines that having a neutral, child-focused advocate in the case will help the judge make a better decision. This is not the same as having a lawyer. The guardian ad litem does not represent either parent. They do not fight for what your child wants — they advocate for what your child needs. That distinction matters enormously when parents are in bitter conflict and a child's voice might otherwise go unheard. Texas family courts take the best interest of the child seriously. Under Texas Family Code Section 153. 002, the best interest of the child is the primary consideration in any custody or conservatorship determination. The guardian ad litem is the court's tool for making sure that standard is genuinely met. Who Can Serve as a Guardian Ad Litem in Texas? A guardian ad litem does not have to be an attorney. According to Section 107. 001 of the Texas Family Code, the following people may serve in this role: A volunteer advocate from a court-approved charitable organization (such as CASA — Court Appointed Special Advocates) A licensed professional whose training relates to determining a child's best interests (such as a social worker or psychologist) Any adult the court finds has sufficient competence, training, and expertise An attorney ad litem serving in a dual role In practice, Texas courts frequently appoint CASA volunteers in child custody and CPS cases. In more complex or high-conflict situations, a licensed professional or attorney may be appointed instead. What Does the Texas Family Code Say About the guardian ad litem's Role? The guardian ad litem is an officer of the court. That title carries real weight. It means the guardian ad litem must remain neutral, act in good faith, and perform their duties with respect for the judge, the parties, and... > Opposing attorneys will try to admit your social media in divorce court - and use it against you. That's why its important to be mindful of what's on your accounts. - Published: 2023-01-05 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/social-media-in-divorce/ If you’re facing a divorce or child custody dispute, the last thing on your mind is what you’ve posted on Facebook or Twitter lately. But as the role of social mediaand the Internet continues to rise, so does its use as evidence in the courtroom. In this article, we take a look at the effects of social media in divorce cases in Texas. To be sure, attorneys don’t have to try very hard to access your publicly available posts, including comments, images, and videos shared on social media sites. It's usually at their fingertips and this information could be used as evidence against you in court. And it’s not just the content of your social media feeds that is important. It’s also the embedded information that connected to online apps. We’ll examine some examples and explain how social media in family court can negatively impact your case. But first please, take a moment to watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/BwmG9LrxHdc? feature=shared How can social media posts harm my divorce or family court case? Anything incriminating can be used by the opposing party in Texas family court. Examples of social media posts that could harm your case include offensive comments, images, and hostility. Just as character witnesses can be called into family court for testimony, the contents of a person’s social media accounts can similarly help define their character to a judge. Even posts by children connected to a case could be used as evidence. Should I delete social media accounts or posts? If you’re facing a family law dispute, you might think it’s a smart move to delete social media posts or entire accounts with potentially incriminating information. Not necessarily. You should consult your attorney before deleting anything. Opposing lawyers could view any deletions as an attempt to erase evidence. A skilled family law attorney will have a strategy for how to best handle your online history. What else should I be concerned about? The content of your social media feeds is not the only thing you need to be concerned about. The opposing attorney can use information such as your location, time stamps, and other encrypted data to help make their case against you. It’s not just about what is on your feed, either. The social media feeds of friends and family that include photos or information about you or that could place you somewhere at a certain time could be detrimental. Social media evidence gives attorneys specific details about their client and the opposing party. Be candid about your social media history with your attorney so they can properly prepare your case. No family law attorney wants to be caught by surprise by the opposing attorney because you didn’t divulge it to them beforehand. Does attorney-client privilege include social media and email? Written and verbal communication about a case between an attorney and their client is protected under attorney-client privilege. This includes email exchanges and private messages through social media apps. Remember,... > State Farm is notorious for trying to deny, delay, and defend against legitimate personal injury claims. Learn these secrets to successful State Farm claims. - Published: 2023-01-03 - Modified: 2023-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/state-farm-claims/ According to the most recent annual report published by State Farm for its stockholders, State Farm had over 214 billion dollars of assets, and its combined claims and claim expenses amounted to only 34 billion. That means the amount it expected to pay out, including everything it is paying its adjusters and attorneys. State Farm has long been criticized for its approach to claims, and this article will tell you the secrets to filing a successful claim against State Farm. State Farm Claims Tactics State Farm has a long-held reputation for aggressively defending even legitimate claims. For example, CNN's Anderson Cooper did an exposé on the "Deny, Delay, and Defend" tactic used by State Farm. While State Farm claims to be a "good neighbor," its tactics in personal injury cases can hardly be described as neighborly. https://youtu. be/pSj3FLO3IXA? t=100 Secrets to Filing State Farm Claims State farm has been called out for denying valid claims, delaying payments, and aggressively defending legitimate claims to discourage lawsuits. Yet, these practices still continue today. Here are some things you should know about State Farm when it comes to holding them accountable. State Farm Seeks to Deny, Delay, and Defend. This 3-D Technique was covered by Anderson Cooper on CNN. By fighting as hard as they can against people making legitimate claims, they are doing everything in their power to reduce the amount the company pays out. State Farms seeks to Deny Claims It probably comes as no surprise that State Farm is incentivized to collect as many premiums as possible while denying as many claims as possible. State Farm writes about 17% of all the policies in the United States, making them the largest auto insurer in the country. What may not be as apparent, though, is State Farm does not want to have to defend itself against a Bad Faith Insurance claim - a claim that it didn't pay for something it should have - thereby exposing its insured. There are a couple of practical takeaways here. First, State Farm is more likely to offer a reduced settlement amount rather than outright denying a claim where they think liability might stick. Second, they are looking for ways to deny a claim. As we will talk about later, you should not give State Farm any information as a claimant without if coming through your attorney. A personal injury attorney can assist you in making sure you are not providing information to State Farm that should not be provided and to which they are not legally entitled. Your attorney can also help frame the information that is turned over. State Farm Claims Adjusters Want to Pay as Little as Possible State Farm wants to reduce its payout in every case. Imagine they save just $1,000 on each of the next 100,000 claims. They've saved $100 million dollars. Reducing payouts is big business for State Farm. State Farm puts junior adjustors on cases with low amounts of property damage. In fact, they will often assign... > If a spouse has been served with divorce papers and doesn't file a response within a specific time period, the other party could be granted a default judgment. Learn more. - Published: 2023-01-02 - Modified: 2023-09-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-is-a-default-judgment-in-a-texas-divorce/ Divorce can be stressful for anyone. This is especially true for the person on the receiving end of divorce papers, especially if it was unexpected. Sometimes, they are so surprised by the dissolution of their marriage that they just ignore it. This can be problematic because the served spouse must respond to the divorce papers within a certain amount of time. If they don't answer, the Texas Family Court can grant a default judgment and finalize the divorce without their say in the matter. A default judgment means the divorce will be finalized without the other party's input regarding asset division, child custody, child support, spousal support, and other important issues. In this blog post, we’ll explain default judgment, what is required of the person seeking a divorce, the timeline, and why it’s important to have legal representation. What is a default judgment in a Texas divorce? A default judgment in a Texas divorce occurs when the person served with the divorce petition declines to file a written answer as directed within the required time, per Texas Rules of Civil Procedure 99. Texas requires the petition to state the following:"You have been sued. You may employ an attorney. If you or your attorney do not file a written answer with the clerk who issued this citation by 10 a. m. on the Monday next following the expiration of twenty days after you were served this citation and petition, a default judgment may be taken against you. In addition to filing a written answer with the clerk, you may be required to make initial disclosures to the other parties of this suit. These disclosures generally must be made no later than 30 days after you file your answer with the clerk. "The failure to respond gives the party who filed for divorce the opportunity for a default judgment from the divorce court. Typically, this default judgment includes whatever the person filing for divorce requests, within reason before the judge. In this scenario, the filing party still must show the judge that the property division is fair and, if child custody is involved, why their wishes are in the child's best interest. If the party receiving the divorce petition files a written answer with the court, a default judgment is not possible, and the divorce process will continue. How long does a default judgment take in a Texas divorce? There is a mandatory 60-day waiting period before a divorce can be finalized in Texas. That means 61 days after the Original Petition for Divorce was filed is the earliest a divorce can be finalized. That is also the earliest that a default judgment can be granted. However, it is also important to note the timeline for a default judgment. Once the divorce petition is served, the party must answer in writing and file with the court within a specific timeframe. If the person is served in person or by certified mail, they must submit their answer by 10 a. m. on the... > Temporary orders can be extremely important in divorce or family law cases. Here's what you need to know if you are set for a temporary orders hearing. - Published: 2022-12-30 - Modified: 2022-12-30 - URL: https://versustexas.com/family/temporary-orders/ What are Temporary Orders in a Divorce? Temporary orders are a type of legal protection that can help decide family and property-related matters while a divorce is being finalized. Temporary orders are put in place after a hearing but before the final trial or settlement of the case. Hearings regarding temporary orders are critically important because, in many cases, it might be the only hearing a person has in their divorce case if it is resolved by mediation or settlement. How are Temporary Orders Used in a Divorce? There are many reasons for temporary orders. Temporary orders can help balance the relationship of the parties or maintain a “status quo” while court proceedings are underway. The temporary order will control the lives of the parents and children for months before the divorce is final. Once a person files for divorce or is served with divorce papers, temporary orders can address issues like: conservatorship (custody), geographic restrictions for the children, possession and access, visitation, temporary possession of assets, temporary injunctions, child support, spousal support, interim attorneys fees etc. The temporary orders often, but not always, maintain the status quo. Similarly, in Suits Affecting Parent-Child Relationships (SAPCR), temporary orders may be used to modify an existing court order. Temporary orders are granted after one side files a petition or motion for temporary orders and the court has a hearing on the issues. Temporary Protective Order vs. Temporary Restraining Orders There are a few types of temporary orders that can be confusing. Temporary Protective Orders (TPO) and Temporary Restraining Orders (TRO) are two types of temporary orders that sometimes come up in, or have overlap with, family law cases. Temporary Protective Order Temporary Protective Orders are often used in cases of domestic violence. Texas Family Code Section 81. 001 requires a court to issue a protective order in cases of proven family violence, where violence is probably going to occur again in the future. Another instance when Temporary Protective Orders may be used is in cases of stalking, human trafficking, or for sexual assault. In cases of domestic or family violence, the order is intended to keep the abuser away from the survivor or the survivor’s kids. Think of a Temporary Protective Order as a type of shield, because it can prevent repeat violence. This type of order can also prohibit contact, including in-person contact, electronic contact and contact through third parties. Though the names sound similar, a Temporary Protective Order is different than a Temporary Restraining Order. Temporary Restraining Order A Temporary Restraining Order operates as a short-term injunction or prohibition against a certain behavior. For a Temporary Restraining Order to be granted, one party must show the judge that a failure to grant the order would lead to immediate and permanent harm if no order is issued. If a TRO is in place, the temporary orders hearing will generally happen in the first two weeks. Is a Temporary Order Required in Divorce Proceedings? No. The need for one is entirely dependent... > You may have heard it is illegal to drive barefoot in Texas. Is this actually true? Here's the answer to "is it illegal to drive barefoot in Texas." - Published: 2022-12-27 - Modified: 2024-06-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-it-illegal-to-drive-barefoot-in-texas/ There is a common misconception that it is illegal to drive barefoot in Texas or other states. This may be due to the fact that some people believe that barefoot driving is inherently unsafe and that it should be prohibited by law. Our Fort Worth car accident lawyer takes a look at how footwear affects driving. Many Texans wonder if driving barefoot is illegal due to common misconceptions about safety and legality. This article clarifies the legal standing of barefoot driving in Texas and addresses related safety concerns. TL;DR: It is not illegal to drive barefoot in Texas. Despite this common misbelief, there is no state law in Texas that specifically prohibits or allows barefoot driving. In fact, none of the 50 states outlaw driving barefoot. While some cities or counties in Texas may have local ordinances that address barefoot driving, it is not a violation of state law. Tracing the Origins of "Is it Illegal to Drive Barefoot in Texas? " The myth is so popular the Texas Monthly covered this and traced it back to the Great Depression, when people associated driving without shoes as something individuals who lived in poverty would do. Today it is more likely that someone would slip off their heels or work boots before getting in the driver's seat. Footwear that may be dangerous while driving In fact, there are certain types of footwear that may be dangerous to wear while driving. Here are a few examples: High heels: High heels can impair your ability to operate the pedals effectively and may increase the risk of foot or ankle injuries in the event of an accident. Sandals: Sandals or flip-flops can slip off the pedals easily and may not provide enough support or traction while driving. Slippers: Slippers may not provide enough grip or support to allow you to control the pedals effectively. Loose-fitting shoes: Shoes that are too loose or too big can also interfere with your ability to operate the pedals properly. Shoes that are too tight or too small can be problematic, as they may cause discomfort or inhibit your ability to move your feet freely. Choosing appropriate footwear for driving is crucial for safety and legal compliance, emphasizing the need to wear suitable footwear that provides good grip, offers protection, and does not hinder pedal control. Closed-toe shoes with a sturdy sole that provides good grip and support while driving is often the safest choice. To ensure safety and minimize risks, it's important to wear suitable footwear that meets these criteria. Car and Driver did an entire article on what to look for in a good driving shoe. Proper footwear plays a critical role in ensuring safety and minimizing the risk of accidents and potential legal issues. Common Misconceptions Many people think driving barefoot is unsafe and should be illegal. This myth dates back to the Great Depression, when barefoot driving was associated with poverty. Legal Standpoint in Texas There is no Texas state law prohibiting barefoot driving. None... > Is everything split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas? Learn more about the factors that divorce courts in Texas consider. - Published: 2022-12-26 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/is-everything-split-50-50-in-a-divorce-in-texas/ Is everything split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas? Learn more about asset division in a divorce in Texas. In the state of Texas, the general concept of "50/50" division of assets and debts in a divorce is not necessarily the rule that is always followed. Instead, Texas follows the principle of "equitable distribution," which means that the division of assets and debts should be fair and reasonable but not necessarily equal. Many people ask themselves, is everything split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas? Courts strive to create a just and right division of community property. In a community property state like Texas, assets and debts acquired during the marriage are generally considered to be owned equally by both spouses, regardless of whose name is on the title or account. This means that in the event of a divorce, the court will generally divide the couple's assets and debts equally between them, unless there is a valid prenuptial or postnuptial agreement that provides otherwise. There are certain exceptions to the general rule of equal division in a community property state like Texas. For example, separate property (property that is owned by one spouse before the marriage or acquired after the date of separation) is not subject to division in a divorce. Additionally, the court may consider factors such as the length of the marriage, the earning capacity of each spouse, and the relative needs of each spouse when determining how to divide the couple's assets and debts. If everything is not split 50/50 in a divorce in Texas, what factors are considered? Under Texas law, the court will consider a number of factors when determining how to divide the property and debts of a divorcing couple. These factors may include: The length of the marriage: The longer the marriage, the more likely it is that the couple has accumulated a significant amount of property and debts. The earning capacity of each spouse: The court may consider each spouse's ability to support themselves financially after the divorce when dividing property and debts. The relative needs of each spouse: The court may consider the relative needs of each spouse, including any medical or educational needs, when determining how to divide property and debts. The contribution of each spouse to the marriage: The court may consider the contribution of each spouse to the marriage, including financial and non-financial contributions, when dividing property and debts. The conduct of each spouse during the marriage: In some cases, the court may consider the conduct of each spouse during the marriage, such as infidelity or financial misconduct, when determining how to divide property and debts. Any other factors deemed relevant by the court What forms does property take in Texas divorces? One of the key considerations in a Texas divorce is the classification of the property and debts as either "community" or "separate. " Community property refers to assets and debts that were acquired or incurred during the marriage, while separate property refers to assets and debts that were owned by one spouse prior to the marriage or were acquired or incurred during the marriage... > Wonder what does child support cover in Texas legally? Can you go after your spouse if they use child support for something else? - Published: 2022-12-18 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-does-child-support-cover-in-texas/ When a parent is ordered to pay child support, they often think they get a say in exactly how the money will be spent on the child. This is not the case. In Texas, the custodial parent basically has the discretion to use child support money as he or she sees fit, as long as the childs basic needs are being met. Many wonder what does child support cover legally? In this article, our Fort Worth family law attorney explains the basics of child support in Texas. We'll start by discussing what child support covers and then move on to what it doesn't, such as medical and dental insurance. What is child support in Texas? In Texas, child support is money that a non-custodial parent (or the visitation parent) pays to the custodial parent to help cover the cost of raising their child. Simply stated, if you have the child more often than not, you will likely receive child support. If you spend less time with the child than the other parent, you will likely pay child support. Most of the time, child support is ordered by a family court judge after a divorce or separation, in which case it is non-voluntary and non-negotiable. Child support is generally paid until the child turns 18 or graduates high school (whichever occurs later). How much do you have to pay in child support? The Texas Family Code, Chapter 154, outlines how child support is calculated. It uses a formula, which is based on the non-custodial parent's net monthly income and how many children that in need. Here's the breakdown:* 1 child: 20 percent of the non-custodial parent's net monthly income* 2 children: 25 percent of the non-custodial parent's net monthly income* 3 children: 30 percent of the non-custodial parent's net monthly income* 4 children: 35 percent of the non-custodial parent's net monthly income * 5 or more children: 40 percent of the non-custodial parent's net monthly incomeIt's important to note that a judge can order the non-custodial parent to pay above or below the guidelines. For example, if a child has extraordinary needs (such as a disability or special needs), the court can order more child support than what the guideline dictates. Likewise, the court can order less than the guideline if the non-custodial parent has extenuating financial hardships. What does child support cover in Texas? The Texas Family Code does not specify exactly what child support is supposed to cover other than minimum basic needs. This would include:* Food;* Clothing and shoes;* Housing and Utilities (rent or mortgage payments);* Education costs, including school supplies, lunch money, etc. However, nothing says child support cannot be used to cover other things, such as the child's extracurricular activities, vacations, or sports programs. No government agency watches or dictates how child support money is spent. As long as the money is benefitting the child, it is generally not considered a misuse of funds What does child support not cover? In Texas, child support does not... > Here's what to do after a car accident: 10-steps to getting your life back on track. - Published: 2022-12-06 - Modified: 2023-01-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-to-do-after-a-car-accident/ Almost everyone will be involved in a car accident at some point in their life. Whether it is a fender bender or a major collision, it is important to know what to do so you can protect your health and legal rights going forward. If you suffered injuries in a car wreck, you might have the right to seek compensation for your medical bills, lost wages, vehicle damage, and other losses. The Fort Worth accident lawyers at Varghese Summersett Injury Law Group have handled countless auto accident insurance claims. We put together this 10-step checklist to help you make important, critical decisions amid all the chaos and confusion after a car accident. If you follow it exactly, you will be in a much better position to protect your rights and interests when pursuing an injury claim. In fact, we recommend keeping this car accident checklist in your vehicle should you ever, unfortunately, find yourself in an accident. 1. STOP The first thing you should do after a car accident is stop your vehicle. Pull over to a safe location so you can assess the situation and check on the safety of everyone involved. If you cannot move your vehicle, put on your hazard lights to warn other drivers of the danger. *In Texas, leaving the scene of an accident involving death, injury, or property damage is a crime. 2. CHECK FOR INJURIES Once you have stopped, check on the well-being of everyone in your vehicle, as well as any passengers in the other car. If you or anyone is injured, call 911 immediately or ask a bystander or passing motorist to make the call. Do not try to move an injured person unless they are in immediate danger. 3. REPORT THE ACCIDENT Under Texas law, you must report an accident involving injury, death, or damage to a vehicle that renders it unsafe to drive. The statute requires contacting authorities through the "quickest means of communication," so 911 is always the best option. When police and emergency officials arrive, they will generate official reports that will be useful later. When filing a claim with your insurance company, a report from law enforcement will carry more weight than your word alone. If no one was injured and there is limited damage to the vehicle, you may not feel the need to call 911, but you should still contact police. If the police don't come to the scene after a car accident, you can go to the nearest police station and request to make a report. The police may tell you to fill out a CR-2, which is commonly known as a "Blue Form" - this is basically a form that you complete yourself and file with the Texas Department of Transportation (TDOT) detailing the crash. 4. DOCUMENT THE SCENE Once you have called for medical assistance and law enforcement, it is time to start gathering evidence about the accident and documenting the scene. You cannot rely on your memory alone - accidents... > Check this page regularly for the latest happenings in the murder trial of ex-Fort Worth officer Aaron Dean murder trial in Fort Worth, Texas. He is accused in the death of Atatiana Jefferson. - Published: 2022-12-01 - Modified: 2022-12-20 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/atatiana-jefferson-aaron-dean-trial/ Check back regularly for updates on the murder trial of ex-Fort Worth Police Officer Aaron Dean, who is accused of fatally shooting Atatiana Jefferson. On Oct. 12, 2019, Jefferson's neighbor called a non-emergency number about 2:25 a. m. to report an open door at Jefferson's home. Officer Dean and his partner arrived and went around the back of the house. Dean shot Jefferson through the window of the home after she raised a handgun and pointed it toward the backyard. Dean was later arrested and charged with murder in Jefferson's death. Jury selection in his trial wrapped up on Friday, December 2, in state District Judge George Gallagher's Court in Fort Worth, Texas. Testimony is scheduled to begin Monday morning. Follow Board Certified Criminal Defense Attorney Benson Varghese at @tx-lawyer on TikTok for the latest developments in this high-profile trial. @tx_lawyer #question from @tx_lawyer The jury has not returned a verdict on punishment. What would you do? #atatianajefferson #verdictwatch #verdict Time After Time - Cyndi Lauper @tx_lawyer We are in day two of jury deliberations in the Aaron Dean #atatianajefferson case. Here's one of the most compelling moments from closing. What do you think the jury is going to do? #verdictwatch #verdict #selfdefense #2ndadmendment #GenshinImpact33#fyp original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer The #jury in the #atatianajefferson case is about to get the case. What is your prediction for the #verdict? #verdictwatch #selfdefense #fyp #news #blm #backtheblue original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Defense expert on #useofforce testifies in Aaron Dean #atatianajefferson case. Here's his conclusion. #2a original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Here's why Aaron Dean took the stand. #atatianajefferson #criminaltrial #fortworth #prediction #tornado original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Unexpected witness called in the Aaron Dean #jurytrial. What's your #prediction ? Guilty or #selfdefense Tag someone in #fortworth for their prediction. #2ndadmendment #GenshinImpact33#fyp original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Aaron Dean testifies in #atatianajefferson trial. #jurytrial #news #tarrantcounty original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Aaron Dean is taking the stand in the #atatianajefferson case. Will he be found guilty or not guilty based on #selfdefense. #fortworth original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Will Aaron Dean take the stand in the #atatianajefferson case to establish #selfdefense original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Testimony continues in the jury trial of Aaron Dean after he fatally shot #atatianajefferson. What will the jury do? #news #criminaljustice #selfdefense #homedefense original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Was this #selfdefense? #jurytrial of #atatianajefferson is underway. This trial is being watched nationwide by people who #backtheblue, endorse #blm, watch #crimaljustice, and are calling for the community to #sayhername @tx_lawyer @tarrantcountyTX original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer The jury in the #atatianajefferson Aaron Dean trial has been selected. What do you think about the makeup of the #jury? @lawandcrime @Jenna Lynn @Kat @Feed The Funk @Angel @Dom @Uncle Paul @Angel original sound - Texas Lawyer @tx_lawyer Why are prosecutors asking potential jurors about manslaughter in the #AtatianaJefferson Aaron Dean jury trial on murder? There were also lots of... > Don't know how to tell your spouse you want a divorce? Here's 8 tips from Fort Worth divorce attorney to help you through this difficult process. - Published: 2022-11-28 - Modified: 2022-11-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/how-to-tell-your-spouse-you-want-a-divorce/ Telling your spouse you want a divorce is not easy. Delivering hurtful news never is. It's important to approach the conversation with a clear head and an open heart, even if you feel scared, sad or angry. Before having "the talk," it's important to prepare for what might happen afterward. Schedule a meeting with a divorce lawyer, who can advise you on your legal rights and next steps. In this blog post, our family law attorneys offer some tips on how to tell your spouse you want a divorce without making an already difficult situation worse or triggering an all-out war. 1. Be Sure No matter how long you've been thinking about divorce, it's important to make sure it's what you really want. This is not a decision to make lightly or in haste. Consider talking to a professional counselor or therapist who can help you sort through your feelings before breaking the news to your spouse. Once you tell your spouse you want a divorce, you cannot take those words back. It will change the trajectory of your relationship forever. Divorce is a huge, life-altering decision that will impact you emotionally and financially so just make sure you are sure. 2. Choose a Time and Place Carefully Choosing the time and place to have a difficult conversation is critical. Make sure there are no distractions or external pressures. This may require making arrangements in advance for childcare or taking time off work to have the conversation. Pick a day and time when you both have the emotional energy and mental stamina to discuss your divorce and the logistics of separation. Ambushing your spouse when they come home from work or after a long or stressful day will make it more difficult for them to process the news. Avoid holidays, anniversaries, and other special occasions. Above all, try to make sure the conversation takes place in a safe and private space where you can both feel comfortable expressing yourselves without fear of interruption or judgment. 3. Plan Out What To Say Before you tell your spouse you want a divorce, it's important to think through what you want to say and how to say it. It may help to write down what you want to say beforehand so that there is less room for misinterpretation. When you tell your spouse you want a divorce, avoid pointing fingers or blaming them. Focus on how you feel and why this is the right decision. It's important to be open, honest, and direct. Make sure that he or she understands that is your decision, and it is not reversible. 4. Be Prepared for Negative Reactions No matter how carefully and clearly you deliver the message it will probably still come as a shock to your spouse. Be prepared for your partner to be hurt, angry, or overwhelmed. Even if everything goes according to plan, they may still feel blindsided. Give them space and time to process the news without passing judgment or offering... > Are eight-liners legal in Texas? For years there has been a grey area surrounding eight-liners. Now a Texas court offers a clear answer. - Published: 2022-11-21 - Modified: 2026-06-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/are-eight-liners-legal-in-texas/ Court Ruling: Are Eight-Liners Legal in Texas? The Second Court of Appeals in Fort Worth addressed the issue of eight-liners in Texas in City of Fort Worth v. Rylie, No. 02-17-00185-CV (Tex. App. —Fort Worth Mar. 17, 2022) (op. on remand). The issue was whether eight-liner gambling machines are unconstitutional or illegal. Short Answer: Eight-Liners are illegal in Texas. The Second Court of Appeals held they are unconstitutional lotteries, and in 2024 the Texas Supreme Court declined to review that ruling—leaving it in place. What are Eight-Liner Machines? An eight-liner machine is an electronic gaming machine that resembles a slot machine. Depending on the type of machine, a player generally ‘wins’ if a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row of objects line up. Texas law forbids gambling devices such as eight-liners from awarding cash prizes. However, an exception commonly referred to as the ‘fuzzy animal’ exception allows operators to award certain non-cash prizes of limited value. The Texas Constitution commands that the legislature pass laws that prohibit lotteries. Since 1845 the Texas Constitution has continuously prohibited lotteries. The word ‘lottery’ includes various activities that involve (at minimum) the payment of consideration for a chance to win a prize. Case law has stated that the activity’s name itself makes no difference—an activity can be considered a lottery when the element of chance is connected with or enters into the distribution of its prizes. Even with the best of intentions, the state legislature cannot sanction a lottery of any type; a constitutional amendment is necessary. This has happened before. For instance, the legislature proposed and voters approved a 1980 constitutional amendment to allow charitable bingo. This authorized the legislature to allow and regulate “bingo games conducted by a church, synagogue, religious society, volunteer fire department, nonprofit veterans’ organization, fraternal organization, or a nonprofit organization supporting medical research or treatment programs. ” Later amendments allowed ‘charitable raffles’ to be held by the same types of organizations and authorized the state lottery. As it currently stands, these are the only types of lotteries the Texas Constitution allows. The Fuzzy-Animal Exclusion Texas authorities have concluded that slot machines or eight-liners constitute lotteries; in Queen v. State the court held as a matter of law that such machines are lotteries. Eight-liners generally operate as video slot machines. In 1995, the legislature enacted an exclusion by adding Section 47. 01(4)(B) to the Penal Code. This was aimed at amusement centers such as Chuck E. Cheese, Dave & Buster’s, and others with electronic and mechanical games that could arguably constitute lotteries or gambling devices. The exclusion applies to a contrivance “designed, made, and adapted solely for amusement purposes if the contrivance rewards the player exclusively with noncash merchandise prizes, toys, or novelties, or a representation of value redeemable for those items, that have a wholesale value available from a single play of the game or device of not more than 10 times the amount charged to play the game or device once or $5, whichever is less. ” Eight-liner... > Has your child been accused of a violent juvenile crime in Tarrant County? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an Board Certified Juvenile Lawyer. - Published: 2022-11-21 - Modified: 2024-04-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/violent-juvenile-crimes-lawyer/ Violent juvenile crimes in Texas are on the rise, and in Tarrant County, that’s especially true with homicides. In fact, homicides increased 80 percent from 2020 to 2021, the most recent year statistics were available. This increase in violent juvenile offenses has led to a need for experienced, highly-skilled juvenile defense attorneys. Fortunately, the law firm of Varghese Summersett has one of the best violent juvenile crimes attorneys in Texas. Lisa Herrick is Board Certified in Juvenile Law – a designation held by only 65 attorneys in the state and three in Tarrant County. She is widely considered to be the area’s foremost expert in defending juveniles accused of violent crimes. If your child is between the ages of 10 and 16 and has been accused of a violent offense in Fort Worth, Arlington, or the surrounding area, it is imperative to contact an attorney specializing in juvenile law. In this article, we will discuss Tarrant County’s increase in violent juvenile crime and why Lisa is the go-to attorney for serious juvenile felony cases, including murder and capital murder. Please be sure to watch all of Lisa’s informative videos on this webpage. What violent juvenile crimes have increased in Tarrant County? In Tarrant County, 473 juveniles were taken into custody last year for violent juvenile offenses, including homicide, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault, according to the 2021 Tarrant County Juvenile Services annual report. This is a 19. 7 percent increase from the year before, when 395 juveniles were referred to the county’s juvenile services department for violent offenses. Homicide: In 2021, 18 juveniles were accused of homicide in Tarrant County, compared to 10 juveniles the year before. That’s an 80 percent increase in one year and more than a 100 percent increase from five years prior. In 2017, five juveniles were accused of homicide in Tarrant County. Sexual Assault: In 2021, 124 juveniles were accused of sexual assault in Tarrant County – a 93. 8 percent increase from the year before when 64 juveniles were accused of sexual assault. Robbery: In 2021, 91 juveniles were referred to juvenile authorities for robbery, slightly up from 86 the year before. Aggravated Assault: In 2021, 236 juveniles were referred to Tarrant County’s juvenile services department for aggravated robbery, slightly up from 233 the year before. What should you do if your child has been accused of a violent juvenile offense? Lisa Herrick, Board Certified in Juvenile Law. If your child has been accused of a violent juvenile offense in Tarrant County, one of the first things you should do is contact an experienced juvenile defense attorney. The consequences of a violent juvenile crime can be life-altering, and it is imperative to have an attorney who specializes in this area of law, practices daily in juvenile court, and knows the process and the players. Things move fast in the juvenile system, and you need an attorney who will hit the ground running immediately. What happens to a minor who has been accused of... > A family law pretrial conference can help the parties iron out issues ahead of trial in divorce or child custody cases. Learn more. - Published: 2022-11-17 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/family-law-pretrial-conference/ A pretrial conference in a Texas family law court is a common way to move along your case. Basically, it is meeting between the judge and opposing lawyers ahead of a trial. The purpose is to give the judge an understanding of the contested issues in the case and approximately how long the trial is expected to last. Both attorneys must be present at the pre-trial conference, but clients aren’t always required to attend. Family law pretrial conferences – sometimes referred to as pretrial hearings – are not required in every Texas or Tarrant County case, but each court can decide on its pretrial procedures under Rule 166 of Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. In this article, we answer common questions about pre-trial conferences, but first, please take a moment to watch this informative video by Senior Associate Attorney Kristen Carr. What are Tarrant County’s rules for a family law pretrial conference? The policy of Texas family law courts, including in Tarrant County, is to encourage amicable resolution of litigation. This often involves alternative dispute resolution. A Tarrant County court can set a family law pretrial conference, or an attorney can request one. If a pretrial conference is set, attorneys for both sides are required and expected to discuss the points of dispute with the court and the expected length of the trial. Tarrant County procedural rules state that both sides must be represented by the lead attorney or an attorney “familiar with the case and the party’s position on the law and facts, and authorized to make stipulations of fact. ” Of course, someone representing themselves in the case is required to attend the conference. The court may refer a case to alternative dispute resolution under Chapter 154, Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, and 6. 602 and 153. 0071 of the Texas Family Code. This is commonly referred to as ADR in Texas and is often facilitated by an agreed-upon third party in mediation. Decisions and deadlines about mediation are often made during a pretrial conference. What does mediation mean in Texas family court? In mediation, both sides agree to use an impartial mediator to help facilitate communication between two parties “to promote reconciliation, settlement, or understanding among them,” according to Civil Practice and Remedies Code Section 154. 023. A mediator doesn’t offer their judgment on the issues between the parties. If a resolution can be reached, the mediator will draft a Mediated Settlement Agreement, which is irrevocable. That agreement will be used to create a final order and signed by a family court judge. https://youtu. be/wRjuXnEwjC8 What happens if a lawyer misses a pretrial conference? If an attorney or someone representing themselves misses a pretrial conference, the judge could move forward with important decisions and deadlines in the case anyway. The moves the Tarrant County Family court could make include: 1. Rule on all motions, dilatory pleas, and exceptions in the absence of suchperson, including declaring such to be waived2. Advance or delay the trial setting according... > The first thing you should do if denied child visitation by your ex? Start documenting - and call an attorney at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group. 817-900-3220. - Published: 2022-11-17 - Modified: 2023-12-22 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/denied-child-visitation/ If your ex has denied you child visitation, you probably feel angry, frustrated, and helpless. What was supposed to be fun, quality time with your child has now become a source of stress and conflict. The good news is that you can take steps to enforce your visitation rights. In this blog post, we will discuss what happens if you are denied child visitation by your ex in Tarrant County and how you can access your child again. But first, please take a moment to watch this informative video by family law attorney Stephanie Sabelhaus. https://youtu. be/vLTWNuv4CkY? rel=0 What is court-ordered child visitation in Texas? In Texas, a family court judge typically orders child visitation as part of a divorce or child custody proceeding. The order sets out a possession schedule that both parents are required to follow, which is typically based on the child's best interest. In Texas, most families follow the Standard Possession Order (SPO), which is a guide that establishes the days and times that the noncustodial parent has the right to possess the child. What should I do if the other parent denies my visitation? If you go to pick up your child and the other parent denies you visitation - or isn't even there to hand over the child - it's important to stay calm and document the denial. To do this, we recommend the following steps: Check your visitation order and confirm that you are picking up your child at the right time, date, and location. Take pictures or videos of you at the location of the attempted visitation, even if the child is not present. Purchase something at a nearby store and keep the receipt showing the date, time, and location. If you knew or had an indication that your ex would deny your visitation, bring a witness with you who may be willing to testify at a later date. Start a visitation journal. Each time there is a denied child visitation, document the date, time, and location of the attempted visitation, as well as any other relevant details. If you have pictures or videos, keep them in a safe place. This journal will be helpful if you need to take legal action to enforce your visitation rights. ** It's important for you to physically go to the correct address on the correct day and time - even if the other parent has told you over the phone that the child will not be there. This is to show that you followed the order, made a good faith effort to see your child, and were denied access. Should I contact the police if I was denied visitation with my child in Texas? When your ex prevents you from seeing your child at the designated time, your first instinct may be to call the police. In Texas, court orders are enforceable by police and, in egregious situations, could even constitute interference with child custody. However, many police departments aren't willing to get involved and... > Is your ex seriously behind on child support? We can help you collect child support arrears. Call 817-900-3220 for help with back child support in Fort Worth. - Published: 2022-11-16 - Modified: 2024-07-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-arrears/ Back Child Support in Texas Raising children costs money, and both parents must share financial responsibility. That responsibility remains even if the parents are no longer a couple. And the obligation remains, in most cases, until the child turns 18. If your ex-spouse has stopped paying their court-ordered child support – or never started – you are entitled to retroactive child support. What Happens if My Ex Owes Back Child Support? Back child support, called arrears in legal terms, is any money that should have been paid earlier and has yet to be paid. This could include child support, medical support, or interest owed to the state on unpaid amounts. Texas family law courts determine how much and in what way child support arrears are paid. The support-seeking spouse or the Texas Attorney General’s office can file enforcement against the other parent. If the judge so determines, each child support payment missed could be a separate violation of the underlying support order. This process of determining what is owed and requiring payment by court order is called Confirmation of Arrearages in Texas Family Code 157. 263. In this blog post, we’ll explain back child support arrears, how the Texas courts handle it, the punishment for failure to pay and how payment amounts are calculated. But first, please watch this video by Fort Worth family law attorney Turner Thornton who explains what happens when a party gets behind on child support. What does arrears mean in Texas child support? Arrears is the legal term for unpaid or past-due child support payments. Child support arrears result from a failure to pay current child support established by an existing child support order. They can also be assessed when an order is established to cover for the time when payment was not made, which is known as retroactive support or back child support. Child support arrears can’t be modified and are on top of any currently-owed payments. The court is unlikely to force someone to make one large payment of child support arrears. Instead, the judge is likely to add a monthly increase to what is owed to the already established monthly payment amount. What is the punishment for not paying child support in Texas? The Texas Penal Code 25. 05 allows a parent to be arrested for failing to pay child support. The offense is called “criminal nonsupport” if the ex-spouse intentionally or knowingly declines to financially support their child. Criminal nonsupport is a state jail felony punishable by up to two years and a maximum fine of $10,000. Do child support orders stop if the parent is incarcerated in Texas? Child support orders do not automatically stop because of incarceration, and the arrears might have substantially increased if the order was not modified during incarceration. Child support arrears remain until paid, even if you file for bankruptcy. How does Texas collect child support arrears? Texas law allows authorities to enforce child support arrears in multiple ways, including: placing a lien on bank... > If you want to change your name after a divorce or other family law matter, we can help. Call 817-900-3220 for a consultation with a Fort Worth family attorney. - Published: 2022-11-16 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/change-your-name-in-texas/ Want to change your name or the name of your child? In this post, our family law attorneys explore the three most common types of name changes in Texas and explain the process for each. We also examine why a judge may reject a name change. Common Reasons for a Name Change There are three main reasons people seek name changes in Texas: A woman wants to return to her maiden name after divorce A parent wants to change their child's name, often during a paternity or adoption case An adult doesn't want to use their birth name If you want to change your name, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can help you through the process and ensure all the I’s are dotted, and T’s are crossed. Watch this video by Senior Associate Kristen Carr for a quick overview regarding name changes in Texas. https://youtu. be/XTj_zuUX4yc? feature=shared How do you restore your maiden name after divorce in Fort Worth? In Texas, you can't automatically restore your maiden name after divorce. You have to request it in a petition for divorce or in another filing during the divorce. It's also important to note that you can only change your name back to your maiden name during the divorce process - not to a new name. Any time you change your last name, a court order is necessary. So, even though you can start the process before the divorce is final, your name change won't be official until the final decree of divorce. The decree will list the exact name you are changing to and can be used to obtain official identification documents such as a driver's license and social security cards. If you decide to change your name after the divorce is settled, the process is a little different. So, how do you legally change your name in Texas without a divorce? In Texas, if you want to restore your maiden name months or years after your divorce is final, you must file an Original Petition for a Change of Name in your county of residence. You will be scheduled to appear before a judge, who must approve the request and sign a court order. If you're changing your name to a new name altogether and you are at least 18 years old, you will also need to petition the courts for a name change. Your reasons for the change must be lawful, meaning you can't make the change in an attempt to avoid criminal prosecution or escape debts. You will be asked about your reasons for the change in court, which usually requires a "prove up" hearing in which you give the judge a short testimony about the reasons for the name change. After a judge has granted the name change, you'll need to update your name with the appropriate agencies, including the Texas Department of Public Safety, the Social Security Administration, and the Bureau of Vital Statistics. What information is required for adult name changes in... > What's the difference between choking and strangulation in Texas? A deep dive into Penal Code 22.01. - Published: 2022-11-06 - Modified: 2023-07-19 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/choking-and-strangulation/ What is the difference between choking and strangulation in Texas? The Texas Penal Code Section 22. 01 defines assault by choking as intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of blood of a person by applying pressure to a person’s throat or neck or by blocking the person’s nose or mouth. Choking allegations can range from manual strangulation (hands) to strangulation using an object, such as a rope or cord. If someone is accused of impeding the breath or circulation of a family member or romantic partner, the case will be filed as an assault family violence – impeding breath charge. The Domestic Violence Unit generally handles these cases in Dallas. Assault by Strangulation Not so long ago, strangulation cases in Texas were often treated like a slap in the face. Things have changed. Since the law was changed in 2009, police officers and prosecutors have taken choking cases extremely seriously. Family violence assault charges can be elevated by the allegation that it was strangulation, which means choking or “impeding breath or circulation,” according to the Texas Penal Code. Allegations of choking, however, can be challenging to prove and defend against because these types of cases are often prosecuted in Texas, even when there are no visible injuries to the alleged victim. Like most other Texas counties, Dallas County often prosecutes choking cases even when the alleged victim declines to press charges. Are you facing Dallas assault by choking charges or assault–family violence charges? A conviction could bring severe penalties and a life-changing mark on your record. An experienced defense attorney should be a priority. Call Varghese Summersett today for a free consultation. Impeding Breath, Choking and Strangulation added to Texas Penal Code In 2001, Penal Code 22. 01 was amended to add the offense of strangulation or impeding breath as the third degree felony we know today. What’s the difference between choking and strangulation in Texas? Choking refers to an internal blockage of the windpipe. Impeding breath includes strangulation and suffocation. Strangulation is the external blockage of another person’s breathing, and it also includes the external blockage of another person’s blood circulation. One type of strangulation is ligature strangulation, which means using a cord-like object, compared to manual strangulation, which means strangulation using a person’s hands. Blocking a person’s nose or mouth would be suffocation. What’s the main challenge in strangulation cases in Texas? The law does not require any visible injury. Prosecutors will commonly call their experts to say there are often no visible injuries in strangulation cases. Prosecutors are taught to call “an expert to explain the absence of visible injuries in a strangulation case makes the jury feel comfortable with convicting a defendant without much visible evidence. ” So a person can be charged with this third degree felony with nothing more than an alleged victim’s uncorroborated claim. Consent as a Defense for Strangulation A consent defense could potentially be raised in specific cases. For example, if the choking occurred during a consensual... > Are you getting divorced from a narcissist? Here are 15 signs you could be married to one and help from our Fort Worth divorce attorneys. - Published: 2022-11-01 - Modified: 2024-07-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/getting-divorced-from-a-narcissist/ Getting Divorced from a Narcissist | Fort Worth Divorce Lawyer breaks down what it means to get a divorce from someone who is a narcissist. Am I married to a narcissist? No one sets out to marry a narcissist, but it can happen more easily than you think. Here's what you need to know about getting divorced from a narcissist. In fact, narcissists are often quite charming when you first meet them. They make you feel special and important, and they seem like the perfect partner. However, over time, their true colors start to show. Sometimes being married to a narcissist is something you live with. Sometimes you need professional intervention. There are also times when the marriage becomes unsustainable. If you're looking for a Fort Worth divorce lawyer, you've come to the right place. If you're looking for helpful advice or a good way to broach the topic, keep reading. We've put together a quick quiz to help you start the conversation. What is narcissism? Before we get to the warning signs, it's important to understand what narcissism is. Narcissism is characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance, a constant need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others. Narcissism can come in varying degrees. On the low end of the spectrum, it's a personality trait. On the other end of the spectrum, it's a personality disorder called Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). In Tarrant County and Ready to Get Divorced? 15 Signs You're Married to a Narcissist Narcissism is often used as a catch-all term for someone selfish or self-absorbed, but it's also important to understand that not everyone who displays some of these qualities is a narcissist. A mental health professional is the only person who can give a true diagnosis of NPD. 1. They're Always Right. Narcissists always have to be right. If you try to argue with them or prove them wrong, they will get defensive and try to make you feel stupid or incompetent. This is because they have a superior sense of self and will rarely admit to a mistake. They believe they are better than everybody else, and they will do whatever it takes to maintain that image. They are always right. 2. They Need to be the Center of Attention. Narcissists crave attention. If you are married to a narcissist, you've noticed that they like to be the life of the party and are always seeking validation and praise from others. Narcissists love to talk about themselves and will frequently interrupt a conversation and redirect it back to themselves if they feel like they are not the focus. They have to be the center of attention. 3. They're Controlling. Narcissists need to control everything in their lives. This includes their spouses, children, and friends. If you're married to a narcissist, you may have noticed that they try and control your behavior, including what to say and how to act in public. If you don't behave the way they want, they become upset or angry and may belittle you. Spouses of narcissists often just "go along to get along" rather than cause a scene or upset them.... > Accused of selling fake drugs in Fort Worth or the surrounding area? Call for a free consultation with an experienced criminal defense lawyer. 817-203-2220 - Published: 2022-10-31 - Modified: 2024-04-13 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/selling-fake-drugs/ What Texas law makes selling fake drugs a crime? Under Chapter 482. 002 of the Texas Health and Safety Code, a person commits the offense of “unlawful delivery or manufacture with intent to deliver” a simulated controlled substance if he or she: (1) expressly represents the substance to be a controlled substance; (2) represents the substance to be a controlled substance in a manner that would lead a reasonable person to believe that the substance is a controlled substance; or (3) states to the person receiving or intended to receive the simulated controlled substance that the person may successfully represent the substance to be a controlled substance to a third party. Selling fake drugs in Texas Tarrant County officials recently announced the county’s largest-ever seizure of fentanyl when more than 2,000 grams were found in a residence. The sheriff’s office claimed it was enough fentanyl to cause more than a million fatal doses. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid often found disguised as something less powerful in counterfeit pills. Unsuspecting buyers, including school-aged children, are accidentally overdosing on spiked pills that look like brand-name drugs such as Oxycontin, Percocet, and Vicodin. Mass-produced fake prescription pills are often falsely marketed as the real deal and sold on social media platforms by criminal drug networks. Selling fake drugs in Texas is illegal, regardless of whether it’s a counterfeit prescription drug or baking flour packed to look like cocaine. And prosecutors aren’t taking these cases lightly. If you have been arrested or under investigation for an alleged simulated substance or counterfeit drug offense, you should retain legal counsel as soon as possible. The criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett have vast experience handling drug cases. How does Texas define fake drugs? The Texas Health and Safety Code defines a simulated controlled substance as any substance “purported to be a controlled substance, but is chemically different from the controlled substance it is purported to be. ” State law makes it a criminal offense to possess, manufacture or deliver a counterfeit substance or any device that can be used to manufacture counterfeit substances. A counterfeit drug in Texas includes the drug, the container, or labeling of a drug that without authorization, resembles the trademark, brand name, or identifying logo of a “drug manufacturer, processor, packer or distributor” other than the actual company that manufactured, processed, packed, or distributed the drug,” and falsely purports or represents to be the real product or to have been packed or distributed by the actual manufacturer, processor, packer, or distributor. How do Texas courts determine fake drug offenses? Texas courts typically consider three main factors when evaluating whether someone represented a simulated controlled substance to be a legitimate controlled substance in a way that could lead a reasonable person to believe the substance was, in fact, a controlled substance. Under Texas law, the court may consider all relevant factors in the case, including: The simulated controlled substance was packaged in a manner generally used for the delivery of a controlled substance.... > Capital murder is the most serious offense that can be charged anywhere in the United States. Learn how a murder can become a capital charge. - Published: 2022-10-24 - Modified: 2023-12-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/murder-versus-capital-murder/ What is Capital Murder in Texas? Capital murder is the most serious criminal charge in Texas. It's murder committed under specific aggravating circumstances, such as killing a police officer, murdering a child under 15, or killing someone during a robbery or kidnapping. A conviction carries only two possible sentences: life in prison without parole or the death penalty. Texas Penal Code § 19. 03 defines capital murder as committing murder under Section 19. 02(b)(1) plus one or more aggravating factors. Unlike standard murder, which allows parole eligibility, capital murder eliminates any possibility of release. Capital Murder vs. Murder: What's the Difference? The core difference comes down to two words: death penalty. Murder in Texas is a first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years or life in prison. Defendants convicted of murder become eligible for parole. Capital murder eliminates parole entirely and introduces the possibility of execution. Element Murder Capital Murder Definition Intentionally or knowingly causing death, or causing death through dangerous conduct intended to cause serious bodily injury Murder plus specific aggravating circumstances under Penal Code § 19. 03 Felony Level First-degree felony Capital felony Prison Sentence 5 to 99 years or life Life without parole or death Parole Eligible Yes No Fine Up to $10,000 None specified Death Penalty No Yes, if state seeks it Why Trust Varghese Summersett on Capital Cases? Capital murder defense requires attorneys who understand what's at stake. Benson Varghese, Anna Summersett, Letty Martinez, and Tanya Dohoney are Board Certified in Criminal Law by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization, a distinction held by fewer than 10% of Texas attorneys. Our team has defended clients in capital cases across Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and throughout Texas. What Makes Murder a Capital Offense in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code § 19. 03(a), murder becomes capital murder when any of these aggravating factors exist: Victim-Based Factors: The victim is a peace officer or firefighter acting in the line of duty, and the defendant knew their status The victim is under 10 years old The victim is 10 years old but younger than 15 (added by Lauren's Law in 2019) The victim is a judge or justice killed in retaliation for their service The victim is a correctional employee killed by an incarcerated person Circumstance-Based Factors: The murder occurs during the commission or attempted commission of kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat The defendant murders for payment or promise of payment (applies to both the killer and the person who hired them) The murder occurs during an escape or attempted escape from a penal institution The defendant kills more than one person in the same criminal transaction or under a common scheme Incarceration-Based Factors: An incarcerated person commits murder in conjunction with organized criminal activity A person serving time for murder, capital murder, aggravated kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, or aggravated robbery commits another murder What Crimes Can Receive the Death Penalty in Texas? Texas is one of 27 states that... > Child support in Texas can be impacted by unexpected events, such as unemployment, jail, or even death. Call 817-203-2220 to schedule an attorney consultation. - Published: 2022-10-14 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/child-support-in-texas/ Child support in Texas can be confusing and controversial on a typical day - so what happens when the unexpected happens? Like when a parent loses a job? Passes away suddenly? Or goes to jail? The Texas Family Code has provisions in place to deal with unexpected situations. In this blog post, our family law attorneys answer some frequently asked questions about child support in Texas when life throws a curveball. What happens to child support in Texas when the non-custodial parent loses their job? If the non-custodial parent loses their job, he or she is still obligated to pay child support. They cannot just stop paying. However, the unemployed parent can seek to have their child support modified (decreased) through a court hearing or a review by the Texas Office of the Attorney General (OAG) due to a "material and substantial change in circumstances. " If you have lost your job or have a significant decrease in income, it's important to contact a family law attorney or the OAG as soon as possible and let them know your circumstances. In the meantime, do everything in your power to continue to pay your child support in full and on time. My ex-spouse passed away unexpectedly. Will I still receive child support? Yes, child support obligations do not end even when the non-custodial parent passes away. According to Texas Family Code Section 154. 013, child support obligations "do not terminate on the death of the obligee but continue as an obligation to the child named in the support order. " When a non-custodial parent dies, future child support payments accelerate and become the responsibility of the deceased's estate. The family court that issued the child support order will calculate the amount of unpaid child support owed in the future for each child. The surviving parent may receive a lump-sum payment from the decedent's estate to cover future child support obligations. A life insurance policy also could be used to secure future child support payments. If the non-custodial parent goes to jail or prison, will they still owe child support? Yes, court-ordered child support does not stop automatically when someone is incarcerated. The only way a parent can stop or change it is by petitioning the court to modify the existing child support order. There are a couple ways to do this while behind bars - either by representing yourself or with the help of a friend or a family member on the outside: * Hire a private attorney to file the necessary documents to modify the child support order; or* Ask the Office of an Attorney General for a "review and adjustment of their order" by completing an "Inquiry Form for Incarcerated Parents. " The OAG can then file the necessary paperwork in family court on behalf of the jailed parent. It is not uncommon for judges to halt or adjust child support payments once the proper paperwork has been filed. Under Section 156. 401(c-1) of the Texas Family Code, incarceration... > In Texas, it's possible to divorce an incarcerated spouse. Here's what you need to know about Texas prison divorce. Call 817-900-3220 for attorney consultation. - Published: 2022-10-06 - Modified: 2023-01-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-prison-divorce/ Incarceration can strain a marriage, especially if someone is behind bars for months or even years. So it's not a surprise when couples decide to throw in the towel and file for divorce in prison. In fact, a felony conviction is a ground for divorce in Texas. In this article, we will explain how to get a Texas prison divorce and answer some frequently asked questions. Can I file for divorce if my spouse is incarcerated? Yes, you can file for divorce in Texas if your spouse is incarcerated. You do not have to wait until they are released. In fact, the process is not that different from a "regular" divorce with both parties in the free world. You will need to file an original petition for divorce and have it served on your incarcerated spouse. To do this, you will need to provide the name and address of the prison facility where they are being held and their inmate identification number. You can then arrange for a constable, sheriff, or process server in the county where your spouse is incarcerated to deliver the divorce petition. If you and your spouse are in communication and are in agreement about the divorce, it is possible for the inmate to "waive" the formal service of divorce papers. At that point, you can send a "waiver of service" to the inmate. The inmate can sign it, have it notarized (there are usually notaries in the prison facility) and send it back, signifying that they do not want to be formally served with divorce papers. It's important for the unincarcerated spouse to have an experienced divorce attorney to ensure that the Texas prison divorce is handled correctly. What if the incarcerated spouse ignores my divorce petition? If the incarcerated spouse is served divorce papers in prison but doesn't respond within 20 days, you will be granted a "default judgment" or "default divorce. " This means you can proceed with the divorce without your spouse's input or participation. Your attorney will still need to prepare a divorce decree, which will later be signed by the judge and entered as an official court order. Can a Texas inmate initiate the divorce process? While the free spouse initiates most Texas prison divorces, it is also possible for an inmate to file for divorce. The process is a bit more complicated, but it can be done. The inmate usually has access to divorce forms in the prison library, which they can access and complete inmate divorce packets. One of the biggest obstacles for an incarcerated person seeking a divorce is the service of process. The inmate will need to have someone outside of prison serve the divorce papers on the free spouse. This can be done by hiring a professional process server or asking a friend or family member to assist on your behalf. Once the papers are served, the divorce process is underway. What if the Texas prison divorce is uncontested? If the divorce is uncontested and... > Do you know if you have the right to a juvenile attorney in Texas? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation. - Published: 2022-10-04 - Modified: 2022-10-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/right-to-a-juvenile-attorney/ Does my child need a juvenile attorney in Texas? If your child has been taken into custody and is charged with an offense, he or she must be represented by a juvenile attorney. That is the law. Whether you hire the attorney – or one is appointed by the court – will depend on your ability to pay for legal representation. In this blog post, we will discuss your child’s right to a juvenile attorney in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions by parents. Can I represent my child in juvenile court in Texas? No, a parent cannot represent their child in juvenile court in Texas, nor can the child represent themself. The youth must be represented by a juvenile attorney who is licensed to practice law in Texas and qualified to handle juvenile cases. How quickly will my child need a juvenile attorney? Within two working days after a child is taken into custody, a detention hearing will be held before a judge to determine whether the youth will be released to a parent or guardian while the case is pending or if they will be detained – that is, remain in the juvenile detention center. Under Section 54. 01 of the Juvenile Justice Code, the court must notify the child and his or her parents of the child’s rights to legal counsel before that first detention hearing. Ideally, your child needs an attorney before the detention hearing – so within two working days after being taken into custody. What if there wasn’t enough time to get an attorney before the detention hearing? Meet our Juvenile Board Certified Specialist Lisa Herrick Because of the strict mandate that requires an initial detention hearing within two working days, occasionally, a juvenile will not be represented by an attorney during the detention hearing. In those instances – if the child is detained – the judge will immediately appoint counsel or order the parents to hire an attorney. Once an attorney is in place, the attorney can request another detention hearing. If the juvenile was released by intake or didn’t have a detention hearing, the juvenile is required to be represented by an attorney within five working days after prosecutors file a petition against the youth – that is, charge the youth with an offense. If you cannot afford an attorney, the court will appoint one for your child. Under Section 51. 101 of the Juvenile Justice Code, if an attorney is appointed at the initial detention hearing and the child is detained, the attorney must continue to represent the child until the case is resolved, the family retains an attorney, or a new attorney is appointed by the juvenile court judge. What if I can’t afford a juvenile attorney? If you can’t afford an attorney, the court will appoint one for your child prior to the initial detention hearing – or within five working days after prosecutors file a petition, or charge, the youth. To determine if you are indigent, the... > Juvenile crime is on the rise in North Texas. Here's a look at the Top 5 juvenile crimes in Tarrant County. Call for a consult with a juvenile attorney. 817-203-222-. - Published: 2022-10-04 - Modified: 2022-10-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/top-five-juvenile-crimes-in-tarrant-county/ Tarrant County's Most Common Juvenile Crimes Juvenile crimes are on the rise in North Texas. In 2023, Tarrant County Juvenile Services saw a 13. 5 percent increase in formal referrals, totaling 3,576 cases — the highest in recent years. These numbers highlight a concerning trend that demands attention from parents, educators, and the legal system alike. In the article below, juvenile defense attorney Lisa Herrick of Varghese Summersett breaks down the data and shares insights into the top five offenses committed by minors in Tarrant County — what they are, why they’re happening, and how families can respond. But first, please watch this informative video. Top 5 Juvenile Crimes in Tarrant County Below are the five most common juvenile offenses in Tarrant County, based on the latest data. While the circumstances vary, these charges share one thing in common: they can have a serious impact on a young person’s future. 1. Misdemeanor Assault Misdemeanor assault was the most common juvenile offense in 2023, with 1067 referrals to Tarrant County Juvenile Services. Varghese Summersett’s juvenile attorney Lisa Herrick was not surprised. Misdemeanor assault has been the most common juvenile case in Tarrant County for years. The two most common misdemeanor assault charges are assault by contact and assault causing bodily injury. In assault by contact charges, someone only needs to allege that you offensively touched them. Assault causing bodily injury includes the other person alleging they feel pain. The person isn’t required to show any visible evidence of injury. “Typically, these cases include fights between students at school or between members of the same household. Somebody might have a black eye or a bloody nose, but hospital visits aren’t terribly common,” Lisa said. 2. Felony Drug Offenses Felony drug offenses have increased in Tarrant County over the past five years. There were 448 felony drug offenses referred to juvenile authorities by police agencies in 2023, compared to 312 the year before. The Texas Health and Safety Code makes the manufacture, delivery, or possession with the intent to deliver Penalty Group 1 controlled substances, such as cocaine, opiates, opioids, heroin, or methamphetamine, felony drug offenses. It also includes drugs classified as Penalty Group 2, such as THC oil, wax, dabs, ecstasy, and Adderall. Penalty Group 3 contains depressants and stimulants. Penalty Group 4 contains prescription medications that are subject to abuse. “Nine times out of 10, these cases are related to a vape pen containing THC,” Lisa said. 3. Aggravated Assault This offense has stayed relatively steady in Tarrant County over the past five years. In 2023, 346 cases of felony assault were referred to juvenile authorities, compared to 315 the year before. Aggravated assault includes causing serious bodily injury. Serious bodily injury means the loss of the use of a body part or permanent disfigurement. You could be charged for this offense if you cause another person injury while using what could be considered a deadly weapon. In this situation, a deadly weapon could be a person’s fist, a knife, a... > When couples divorce with children, conflicts often arise. Here's a look at the top 5 child custody disputes in Fort Worth. - Published: 2022-09-29 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/top-5-custody-disputes/ When couples with children divorce, major decisions must be made regarding custody and the issues that come with it, including child support, possession schedules, and education decisions. As you might imagine, the same contentious issues arise in many family cases - both at the onset of the divorce and even years down the road. In this blog post, our family law attorneys discuss the top 5 custody disputes in Fort Worth. 1. Primary Parent The most common custody disagreement we see at the beginning of the divorce process is who will be named the primary parent - that is, the one who decides where the child lives and makes most of the day-to-day decisions. In many cases, both parents want to be the primary parent, which is also referred to as the custodial parent. When both sides disagree over who should be the primary parent, our attorneys work to help the parties reach an amicable agreement. There are various types of custody arrangements in Texas that can be tailored to fit the unique needs of each family, including specifying specific rights and duties of each parent. For example, a mother might be named the primary parent, but the parties agree to let the father make the child's medical decisions because he is a doctor. Hopefully, a solid custody agreement can be accomplished through negotiations and mediation, but sometimes, the issues need to be resolved through contested hearings before a judge in family court. 2. Child Support This probably will not come as a surprise to anyone. Child support comes in at No. 2 on our list of custody disputes in Fort Worth. In Texas, both parents are required to financially support their children, even if they don't have custody. The non-custodial parent typically pays child support to the custodial parent. The amount of child support is generally based on the Texas Child Support Guidelines, but it is not uncommon for one parent to seek to modify child support payment if circumstances change in the future. For example, a parent may seek to modify the payment if they experience a job loss or a significant decrease in income. Likewise, the custodial parent may seek to modify the child support payment if their other parent appears to have had a lifestyle change due to an increase in income. It's important to understand that child support and custody disputes in Fort Worth can come up at any time until a child turns 18 or is emancipated, meaning child support is no longer required. 3. Education Decisions The third child custody dispute on our list relates to education decisions. What if one parent wants their child to attend a private school, but the other disagrees? What if one parent believes a child should be held back, but the other wants the child to advance to the next grade? As you can see, this type of disagreement can get contentious quickly. In Texas, the parent who makes decisions regarding education depends on the custody order... > A federal proffer allows federal suspects to provide valuable information to the government in exchange for leniency. Learn more. - Published: 2022-09-29 - Modified: 2025-07-26 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-proffer/ What is a federal proffer? A proffer is a written agreement that occurs after a meeting with federal authorities during which the defendant provides valuable information in hopes that this cooperation will result in a more lenient sentence. This process represents one of the most significant decisions a defendant will make in their federal case, as it fundamentally changes the nature of their relationship with the government from adversarial to cooperative. The term "proffer" comes from the Latin word meaning "to bring forward" or "to offer," which accurately describes the process of bringing forward information to federal authorities. A federal proffer can take at least three forms, as discussed below. In the federal system, punishment is often very harsh, even for non-violent or low-level offenses. That's because federal judges often rely on a guideline that recommends a range of punishment that is typically on the high end. The federal sentencing guidelines were created in the 1980s as part of the Sentencing Reform Act, which aimed to create more uniformity in federal sentences. However, this uniformity often came at the cost of judicial discretion and resulted in sentences that many consider disproportionately harsh. Unlike state courts, where judges often have broader discretion in sentencing, federal judges operate within a more rigid framework that can produce sentences measured in decades rather than years. One of the biggest ways to potentially reduce a federal sentence is through something called a "5K Motion. " A 5K Motion – which refers to 5K1. 1 of the United States Sentencing Guideline – is filed by a prosecutor after agreeing to a downward departure from the recommended guideline range. This provision represents one of the few escape valves in the federal sentencing system, allowing judges to impose sentences below the otherwise applicable guideline range when the government certifies that a defendant has provided substantial assistance. The power of a 5K motion cannot be overstated – it can literally mean the difference between decades in prison and a sentence of just a few years. So how do you get such a powerful motion from the very people who are prosecuting you? By providing "valuable information" to the government through a "federal proffer agreement. " This article explains a federal proffer, which is sometimes referred to as being "queen for a day. " Think about a federal proffer as an agreement to cooperate with the government in exchange for an unknown benefit – but one that could substantially lower your sentence. The uncertainty of the benefit is one of the most challenging aspects of the proffer process. Unlike a traditional plea bargain where the parties know the agreed-upon sentence in advance, a proffer requires a leap of faith. The defendant must provide information without knowing exactly how much credit they will receive, trusting that their cooperation will ultimately be rewarded at sentencing. What types of proffer agreements are there in the federal system? General Proffer Most people use the word general proffer to describe a meeting between a defendant,... > Do you think you are the subject of a federal investigation in North Texas? Call 214-903-4000 today to speak with an experienced federal defense attorney. - Published: 2022-09-23 - Modified: 2023-10-11 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-investigations/ Understanding Federal Investigations The federal criminal court system is an intimidating place. Federal investigators have big budgets and can take their time investigating and bringing charges. By the time federal investigators contact a suspect, they usually have already built a strong case against them. If you live in North Texas and have been contacted by federal investigators or believe that you are under federal investigation, you must contact an experienced federal defense attorney as soon as possible. In this article, we will explain federal investigations and what you should do if you think you are a target of a federal investigation. Two Types of Federal Investigations Most federal crimes involve extensive federal investigations before an arrest is made. There are two types of federal criminal cases: reactive and investigative. What are Reactive Federal Cases? Federal reactive criminal cases are those that pose an immediate public threat. Federal agencies act quickly and swiftly to make an arrest. This fast reactionary approach is similar to how most state crimes are handled, but they are investigated by federal agencies and prosecuted in federal courts. The main difference between state and federal reactive cases is that federal cases tend to be more complex, involving multiple jurisdictions and defendants. Federal prosecutors also have more resources at their disposal, including the FBI and other federal agencies. In recent years, the number of federal reactive cases has increased significantly, due to the rise of terrorism and organized crime. What are Investigative Federal Cases? Most federal offenses are the result of extensive investigation. They focus more on details and less on speed. For example, a person who falsely bills Medicaid for work that was never done might be prosecuted for Medicaid Fraud under 18 USC 1035. These investigations can often take a year or longer. Also, unlike in reactive cases, the federal government will often inform suspects that they are the target of prosecution. Let’s say someone is being investigated on suspicion of Embezzlement of a Financial Institution under 18 USC 656 or even Possession of Child Pornography under 18 USC § 2252A or 2260. These are very serious federal crimes that are likely to be conducted through an /fort-worth-federal-criminal-lawyer/fraud/embezzlement/extensive investigation. When a suspect is identified, agents will often knock on the suspect’s door to ask questions well before an arrest. Federal agents may execute search warrants to obtain computer files or anything they deem as evidence. Another classic investigative case is Tax Evasion, officially called an Attempt to Evade or Defeat Taxes under 26 USC § 7201. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) agents almost always investigate these cases, which are intensive and time-consuming. Many of these agents are CPAs and are members of IRS-CI (IRS-Criminal Investigation). These agents are trained to interrogate suspected tax cheats and analyze tax and business data. Even without an arrest, anyone who is contacted by federal agents should seek out a seasoned federal defense lawyer as soon as possible. The Basis for Federal Cases Federal cases are usually designed to prosecute criminal enterprises,... > Are you or a loved one the subject of a CPS criminal investigation in Fort Worth? Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced criminal attorney. - Published: 2022-09-15 - Modified: 2022-09-16 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/cps-criminal-investigation/ It is not uncommon for a CPS investigation to occur at the same time a criminal investigation is taking place in Texas. This is especially true in cases involving allegations of child physical or sexual abuse or neglect. In Texas, CPS is required, by law, to refer all reports of child abuse or neglect to the local police agency, which will then decide whether or not to also initiate a criminal investigation. Likewise, police are required to accompany CPS investigators responding to emergency reports of child abuse or neglect. So, police and CPS often work together. While the criminal defense attorneys at Varghese Summersett are not dedicated CPS attorneys, we routinely advise clients on how to handle CPS inquiries from a criminal perspective. (And only a criminal perspective, so if you’re looking for an attorney to defend you when you don’t have a criminal investigation or case pending, look for a “CPS attorney” specifically. ) In this article, we will explain what happens during a potential CPS criminal investigation, answer some frequently asked questions, and explain your rights. If you or a loved one is contacted by CPS and believe you are facing criminal charges, it is imperative to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney immediately. What is CPS? The Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS) is the state agency tasked with protecting some of the state’s most vulnerable residents, including children, the elderly, and disabled individuals. Under the DFPS umbrella is Child Protective Services (CPS), which investigates all reports of child physical and sexual abuse and neglect by parents, guardians, or other family or household members. CPS investigators are not law enforcement officers, but they have the authority to interview families, children, witnesses, and the alleged perpetrator, as well as to access medical and school records. They can also request random drug screens and conduct home visits. After completing their investigation, CPS will conduct a risk assessment and make a finding, or ruling, to determine whether there is enough evidence to substantiate the claim of abuse or neglect. If so, CPS will take action to protect the child, which may include: offering services to address the problem – i. e. parenting classes, food banks, etc. ; implementing a safety plan that will allow the child to continue to live in the home as long as conditions are met and followed; or taking court action to remove the child from the home. What specific findings can CPS make? At the conclusion of a CPS investigation, the caseworker must issue a finding. Here are the possible outcomes: Reason to Believe: If a CPS investigator makes a “reason to believe” finding, he or she determined that the abuse or neglect occurred. If this finding is made, there is a strong possibility that law enforcement will also be involved. Ruled Out: If a CPS investigator makes a “ruled out” finding, he or she does not believe that abuse or neglect occurred. Unable to Complete: “Unable to complete” is when a report... > Couples often want to know if they can share a divorce lawyer in an uncontested divorce. This creates a conflict of interest for the attorney. Learn more. - Published: 2022-09-14 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/share-a-divorce-lawyer-in-texas/ Just this week, we received an email from someone wanting to know if she and her husband could share a divorce lawyer, as they are in "agreement about everything" and want to cut down on costs and make the divorce process as easy as possible. We get this question a lot. Obviously, most couples would like to end their marriage as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. Unfortunately, sharing a divorce lawyer isn't the way to cut corners. In Texas - or anywhere for that matter - it's a conflict of interest for an attorney to represent both parties in a divorce, child custody case, or any other lawsuit. In this article, we will explain why the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group will not represent both sides in a divorce or family law matter and offer alternative solutions to consider. But first, please watch this video by Fort Worth divorce attorney Turner Thornton. Why is it a conflict for both parties to share a divorce lawyer? Even if spouses say they agree on absolutely everything in a divorce, this is usually not the case. Inevitably, something will come up that one spouse wants and the other does not. If you have the same lawyer, this can put your attorney in a difficult position. Your lawyer is duty-bound to represent both of you to the best of his or her ability, but if you have opposing interests, this is impossible. The attorney cannot recommend something to one party that is adverse to the other party. This is an obvious conflict of interest. It's also against the code of ethics for Texas attorneys to give legal advice to opposing parties of the same lawsuit. That's why it's not possible to share a divorce lawyer - at least not at our law firm. Are there some other options that would keep costs down without sharing a divorce lawyer? If the divorce is truly amicable, there are a couple of alternatives that might work for you and your spouse: * One spouse hires a lawyer, while the other spouse goes unrepresented. One spouse can hire an attorney, who can draft the final agreed, or uncontested, divorce, on behalf of his or her client. It will then be presented to the unrepresented spouse to review and sign. Even if the draft looks good to the unrepresented spouse, it's advisable for the unrepresented party to at least have another attorney review the agreement. * Hire a mediator. If you pursue a divorce through mediation, both parties will meet with a mediator who is a neutral third party. The mediator helps the couple come to an agreement on all aspects of their divorce, from property division, to child custody, visitation and support. The mediator then drafts a Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA), which is filed with the court. With this alternative, there is no need to go to court and you will save on attorneys fees. Ready to Proceed with Divorce in Fort Worth? Contact Us. If... > An attorney ad litem in Texas is appointed by the court to represent a child in contentious or complicated family law matters. Learn more. - Published: 2022-09-12 - Modified: 2022-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/attorney-ad-litem-in-texas/ When divorce, child custody, or other family matters get contentious or complicated, the judge will often appoint an "Attorney Ad Litem" to represent your child. The attorney is to advocate for the child during legal proceedings and protect his or her interests. Simply put, the attorney ad litem is the child's attorney. In this article, we are going to explain the role of an attorney ad litem in Texas family law and answer some frequently asked questions. What is an attorney ad litem in Texas? The Latin phrase "ad litem" means "for the lawsuit" or "for purposes of legal action. " It is a term that is used in the law to describe someone who is appointed by the court to act on behalf of another person in a legal matter. In Texas family law cases, an attorney ad litem - also referred to as an AAL - is typically appointed to represent a child during a divorce, child custody suit, termination of parental rights, adoption, or other family proceeding. Under Section 107. 001 of the Texas Family Code, an attorney ad litem is defined as an attorney who provides legal services to a person, including a child, and gives their "undivided loyalty, confidentiality, and competent representation. " In other words, an AAL is appointed to represent the child and act as his or her lawyer - the same as any lawyer would for a paying, adult client. The attorney ad litem's loyalty is to the child and not to either parent, and he or she must keep the child's confidences confidential - just as in any attorney-client relationship. What are the duties of an attorney ad litem in Texas? According to section 107. 003 of the Texas Family Code, a court-appointed attorney ad litem is required to: interview the child, the parties in the case, and people who have significant knowledge of the child's history and condition; determine the child's wishes and figure out the best way to present them to the court; investigate the facts of the case; obtain and review copies of school, medical, and other relevant records related to the child; represent the child in hearings and court proceedings; take actions on behalf of the child's interest that would expedite proceedings; encourage settlement and alternative forms of dispute resolution; review and sign (or decline to sign) a proposed or agreed order affecting the child; attend all legal proceedings. In short, an attorney ad litem in Texas is appointed to make sure the child is adequately represented in family law proceedings. Divorce and child custody can be extremely hostile and, unfortunately, parents often lose sight of how legal battles are affecting their children. An attorney ad litem can make sure the child's voice is heard. How is an attorney ad litem different from a guardian ad litem? The terms "attorney ad litem" and "guardian ad litem" are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference between the two. An attorney ad litem is required to be an... > Malicious Parent Syndrome occurs when a parent goes to extremes to cast the other parent in a bad light and damage the relationship with their child. Learn more. - Published: 2022-09-09 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/malicious-parent-syndrome/ Divorce and child custody battles can bring out the worst in parents. When tensions run high, divorcing spouses sometimes engage in a type of destructive behavior called "Malicious Parent Syndrome. " In this article, we will answer common questions about Malicious Parent Syndrome and explain how it can cause irreparable damage to parent/child relationships and impact a family law case. What is Malicious Parent Syndrome? Malicious Parent Syndrome (MPS) is a type of vengeful behavior exhibited by some divorcing or separated parents. It occurs when a parent deliberately tries to place the other bad parent in a bad light and harm their child's relationship with them. Malicious Parent Syndrome is not an actual mental disorder, but rather, a type of extreme, harmful behavior. It is also sometimes referred to as parental alienation, but they are not exactly the same. There are four criteria that must be met to qualify as Malicious Parent Syndrome. What are the four characteristics of Malicious Parent Syndrome? Malicious Parent Syndrome was originally described in 1995 by psychologist Ira Turkat, who originally referred to the behavior as "Malicious Mother Syndrome. " While Turkat originally described this behavior as exhibited by mothers, it is now widely recognized that fathers also engage in malicious parent syndrome. To qualify as malicious parent syndrome, four criteria must be met. 1. The parent attempts to punish his or her ex by:* alienating their child from their other parent;* involving others in malicious acts against the other parent; and* engaging in excessive litigation. 2. The parent attempts to deny the other parent:* regular visitation with the other parent;* uninterrupted communication with the other parent; and* participation in the child's school life and other extra-curricular activities. 3. The pattern is pervasive and includes malicious acts including:* repeatedly lying to their child about the other parent;* lying to others about the other parent; and* breaking the law. 4. The malicious parent doesn't suffer from a mental disorder illness which would explain their actions. What are some extreme examples of Malicious Parent Syndrome? As mentioned, malicious parent syndrome is an extreme type of behavior in which the a parent goes to great lengths to disrupt the life of their ex-spouse and create turmoil in the relationship with their children. Some examples of malicious parent syndrome include:* A mother repeatedly telling her young children that their father is a child molester, even though there is no evidence to support this claim. * A mother making her child sleep in a car or believe they are homeless to prove their father bankrupted them. * A father who spreads viscous lies about his ex in an attempt to get her fired from her job. These are just a few examples of the many ways in which a parent can engage in malicious parent syndrome. If you are the target of any of these types behaviors, it is important to seek help from a qualified family law attorney as soon as possible. How does Malicious Parent Syndrome impact divorce... > If your ex calls CPS, it's extremely important to contact a CPS lawyer or a family law attorney as soon as possible. This article helps you decide whom to call. - Published: 2022-09-07 - Modified: 2022-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/what-if-my-ex-calls-cps/ Going through a divorce can be one of the most stressful times in your life. That's especially true if children are involved. Emotions can run high and disagreements about parenting or discipline can blow up and become major obstacles. Nothing will ratchet up the tension more than one spouse calling Child Protective Services on the other. In this blog post, our attorneys will explain what you should do if your ex calls CPS and answer some frequently asked questions. What is CPS? Child Protective Services, which is a division of the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services, becomes involved with children and families when there are allegations of child abuse and neglect. In contentious divorce and child custody cases, it's not uncommon for vengeful spouses to call CPS in hopes of gaining custody or leverage in their family law case. What powers does CPS have? CPS will investigate the safety of the child and any other minors in the home to determine if the environment is safe. If CPS views the home unsafe, it has the authority to take the child into protective custody. CPS has 60 days from the day of the accusation to decide whether the home is safe for the child. If it deems the home unsafe, the court will decide what further action is necessary to ensure the safety of the child. What's the first thing you should do if your ex calls CPS? You need to call an attorney. However, which attorney you call depends on whether you already have a pending family matter. If a family case has not been initiated (divorce, custody, suit affecting parent-child relationship, etc. ) then call an attorney who handles CPS cases, such as Lyndsay Newell in Fort Worth. (817) 877-2872 If you have a pending divorce or family case, you can bring us on to the family law case, and we advise you on how to navigate the waters with CPS with a primary focus on your family case. (817) 900-3220. Do I have to answer CPS questions? No, you don't have to answer CPS questions, nor should you without first consulting with an attorney. Anything you say can be used against you in child custody court, divorce court, and in criminal court. However, it's important to point out that not answering questions can have significant consequences - including the imposition of a Child Safety Plan that will keep you away from your kids. If CPS shows up unexpectedly at your door, do not let them into your home without a warrant and do not allow them to interview your children. Politely tell them that you have an attorney who will intervene on your behalf and then immediately contact an attorney. What if my ex lied to CPS? If you ex calls CPS to make a false report, he or she could be facing arrest. Falsely accusing someone of child abuse is a criminal offense in Texas. Under Texas Family Code § 261. 107, making a false... > If you are common law married and want to end the union, you will need a divorce for common law marriage in Texas. Find out why. - Published: 2022-09-06 - Modified: 2023-10-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-for-common-law-marriage/ Texas recognizes common law marriage, which means you will need a divorce to legally dissolve the union. That's the only way to ensure that your interests are protected and to avoid problems down the road. In this article, we will answer common questions about informal marriages and explain why it's important to obtain a divorce for common law marriage in Texas and how to go about doing so. But first, please watch this video by family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/j3jzKriIFAY What is common law marriage in Texas? A common law marriage, also known as an informal marriage, is not officiated by a clergy member or performed through a civil ceremony and there is no marriage license. However, it is recognized as a valid marriage in Texas as long as certain legal requirements are met. There are two ways to establish a common law marriage in Texas:1. The first way to establish a common law marriage in Texas is to sign a "declaration of informal marriage" with the county clerk's office. Once signed, you and your spouse are considered common law married. 2. The second way to establish a common law marriage is outlined in Section 2. 401 of the Texas Family Code and states that the parties must:* agree to be married;* live together in Texas as husband and wife; and* hold themselves out to the public as husband and wife. Why does it matter if a couple is established as common law married? If a common law marriage is established, then the spouses hold all of the same legal rights as a couple who have a marriage license. These rights become important in the event of a death or a divorce, especially if you share children, property, and assets. If common law marriage is not established and the couple later decides to separate, then they will not have the same legal protections as a married couple. This can cause problems with things like property division, custody arrangements, and spousal support. How do you end a common law marriage in Texas? Because a common law marriage has the same legal status as traditional marriage, common law couples must go through the divorce process to end their union. It is the same divorce process as a traditional divorce, except common law couples will have to prove to the court that they met the requirements to be considered common law married. This is important because, if you are considered common law married, then you are subject to Texas' community property laws, which means all assets and debts are subject to a fair and equitable split. Can't we just go our separate ways and not mess with a divorce? Yes, a common law marriage can end without a divorce if no one pursues it. Both sides can just walk away and act as though the marriage never existed. However, this can be problematic if you share children, property, and assets. If there is no divorce, then there is no written agreement... > A Rule 11 agreement in a divorce or child custody case is basically a settlement agreement made out of court. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-09-05 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/rule-11-agreement/ If you are going through a divorce or custody case, you may have heard your attorney refer to a "Rule 11 Agreement. " In Texas, Rule 11 agreements are common in divorce, child custody, and other family law cases. But what is it and when might you need one? In this blog post, we will break it down for you and answer some frequently asked questions. But first, please take a moment to watch this video by family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/VF-kzpbHSj0? si=ItFt3LAERnW9hHSp   What is a Rule 11 Agreement in a Divorce or Custody Case in Texas? A Rule 11 agreement is basically a settlement agreement made outside of court. Rule 11 agreements are made between the attorneys of both parties, written up, signed by both parties, and then filed with the court or read in open court into the record. It is not uncommon, for example, for lawyers to draft and sign a Rule 11 agreement in the hallway of the courthouse after reaching an agreement on an issue, such as child visitation schedules. Rule 11 agreements are binding and essentially have the effect of a court order, although it is not a court order. Why is it called a Rule 11? It is called a Rule 11 agreement because it refers to Rule No. 11 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which is titled "Agreements to Be in Writing. " The Texas Rules of Civil Procedure contain the rules that must be followed in civil court cases, which include family law cases such as divorce and child custody. What kind of issues can Rule 11 agreements resolve? Rule 11 agreements can be used to resolve a variety of issues in divorce and custody cases, including:- child visitation schedules- child support payment amounts- property division- debt division- alimony/spousal support- medical insuranceFor example, let's say that dad works weekends and he would like to change the visitation schedule so that he has the kids during the week instead of on weekends. Mom initially does not want to agree to this change, but after some negotiation between the attorneys, they are able to reach an agreement that is acceptable to both parties. The attorneys would then draft a Rule 11 agreement regarding the new visitation schedule, sign it, and file it with the court. What else can Rule 11 agreements be used for? In family law, Rule 11 agreements are also often used to extend deadlines for taking certain actions in the case. For example, if the parties need more time to gather discovery, they may enter into a this type of agreement to extend the deadline. What are the pros of a Rule 11 agreement? The biggest benefit to this type of agreement is that it eliminates the need for court involvement. They allow the parties to resolve issues without going to court and having a hearing. It can be a very cost-effective way to resolve issues, since it saves on attorney fees and court costs.... > If a divorce or family case stalls, the judge could put it on the dismissal docket and move for a "dismissal for want of prosecution." Learn more. - Published: 2022-09-01 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/dismissal-for-want-of-prosecution/ It is not uncommon in divorce or family law litigation for cases to stall or drag on. Sometimes it is intentional by one of the parties. Other times, there are valid reasons for the delay. Regardless, if there is no movement on your case, a family law judge can move for a "Dismissal for Want of Prosecution," or DWOP. In this article, we are going to discuss DWOP or "Dismissal for Want of Prosecution. " Please be sure to also watch the informative videos by family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/NhnP29ax7w4? rel=0   What is Dismissal for Want of Prosecution? When a divorce or family law case is filed in Texas, the judge expects that the case will steadily progress toward a resolution. If the case stalls or sits idle for months, the judge may send the parties a notice saying the court is placing the case on a dismissal docket and moving for a "dismissal for want or prosecution. " This notice will give the parties a date to appear in court to explain what is being done on the case and why it is moving slowly (or not at all). If the parties do not show up or don't have a good reason for the delay, the judge may dismiss the case. A dismissal for want of prosecution is different than a voluntary dismissal, which is when both parties agree to dismiss the case. A DWOP is an order by the court. What is the reason for a DWOP? In Texas, divorce and family law cases can take months or even years to resolve. If a case is taking too long, it can bog down the court system and prevent other cases from being heard in a timely manner. Courts do not like having a backlog of cases, and they want to keep their dockets moving. Sending a notice that a case is about to be dismissed for sitting idle is one way to motivate the parties to keep moving toward a resolution. And if they don't react, it's a way for the judge to clear it off the docket. What are common reasons why a court might send a DWOP notice? DWOP notices are fairly common in family law cases, including divorce and child custody cases. There are a number of scenarios that might prompt a judge to move for a dismissal for want of prosecution, including but not limited to: One party failed to serve the other divorce papers; One or both parties failed to appear at a court setting; One or both parties missed a deadline; One or both parties appear to be intentionally delaying the proceedings; Neither side appear to be motivated to engage in alternative dispute resolution, such as mediation, and the case has not been set for trial. The parties' attorneys have not been communicating or cooperating with each other. There has been no activity on the case for an extended period of time. What should I do if I've received... > In Texas, it is a crime to shin laser pointers at aircraft or safety officers. Here's what you need to know about the illegal use of laser pointers in Texas." - Published: 2022-08-25 - Modified: 2022-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/illegal-use-of-laser-pointers/ In Texas, shining a laser pointer at someone is often seen as a prank or harmless fun. However, this behavior can be criminal if it is directed at an aircraft or at a uniformed safety officer, including a police officer, firefighter, or emergency medical worker. In this article, we will explain the illegal use of laser pointers in Texas, including the law and potential consequences – and why authorities take this behavior so seriously. What constitutes the illegal use of laser pointers in Texas? In Texas, there are two state laws that govern the illegal use of laser pointers. One pertains to aircraft and the other pertains to uniformed safety officers. We’ll break down each below. Illegal Use of Laser Pointers at Safety Officers Under Section 42. 13 of the Texas Penal Code – titled “Use of Laser Pointers” – it is a crime to knowingly direct a light from a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer, including a peace officer, security guard, firefighter, emergency medical service worker or other uniformed municipal, state or federal officer. Illegal illumination of Aircraft By Intense Light Under Section 42. 14 of the Texas Penal Code – titled “Illumination of Aircraft by Intense light” – it is a crime to intentionally direct the light from a laser pointer or other light source at an aircraft if light is intense enough to impair the pilot’s ability to control the aircraft. It’s important to point out that it is not a crime, however, if the light was used to send an emergency distress signal. What is the punishment for shining laser pointers at airplanes or safety workers? Safety Officer: In most cases, shining a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. However, if the conduct causes bodily injury to the officer, it is a third-degree felony punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. If the conduct causes serious bodily injury, it is a first-degree felony punishable by 5 to 99 years in prison and a maximum $10,000 fine. Aircraft: In most cases, shining a laser pointer at an aircraft is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine. However, if the laser pointer makes it difficult for the pilot to control the aircraft, the charge can be elevated to a Class A misdemeanor which is punishable by up to a year in the county jail and a maximum $4,000 fine. Class A Misdemeanors in Texas Can you be prosecuted federally for aiming lasers at aircraft? Yes, shining a laser pointer at an aircraft can also be prosecuted federally – and the punishment is more severe in the federal system. Under U. S. C Title 18, Chapter 2, aiming a laser beam at or in the flight path of an aircraft is punishable by up to five years in prison and $250,000 in fines. Why are there laws making laser pointers a crime? The short answer is... > The right of first refusal in Texas custody cases requires parents to give the other parent the opportunity to watch their child before contacting a babysitter or relative. - Published: 2022-08-22 - Modified: 2022-09-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/right-of-first-refusal-in-texas-custody-cases/ When child custody agreements are ironed out, parents sometimes include an optional clause called the "Right of First Refusal. " This requires a parent to offer the other parent the opportunity to watch their child before contacting a babysitter or a relative if they have a child-care issue. On the surface, this seems like a win-win. One parent doesn't have to worry about finding (or paying) a babysitter, while the co-parent gets more time with the child. However, the right of first refusal in Texas custody situations can often cause more problems than it solves. In many cases, it leads to conflict between parents who are already struggling to co-parent effectively. In this blog post, we explain the right of first refusal in Texas custody cases, including the pros and cons of having this clause in your parenting plan. But first, please watch this video by experienced family law attorney Kristen Carr. https://youtu. be/ZgOewB30-rA What is the right of first refusal in Texas custody cases? The right of first refusal - also referred to as the right of first option - is a provision in a parenting plan or custody agreement that requires a parent to contact the co-parent if they are having a child care issue. The purpose of this clause is to offer the co-parent more parenting time instead of using a babysitter, another relative, or daycare. For example, let's say that a mother has to work late or unexpectedly and she needs someone to watch her child for a few hours. Rather than contacting a babysitter or a relative, she would first have to contact the child's father and give him the opportunity to watch the child. It's important to point out that the right of first refusal is not codified in the Texas Family Code, which means that it is not a legal requirement for parents to include this clause in their parenting plan. However, many judges will order the right of first refusal as a way to encourage co-parenting and minimize conflict between parents. How does the right of first refusal in Texas custody agreements work? The right of first refusal in Texas custody cases works like this:* If either parent has a conflict and can't watch their child for any reason, they must first offer the other parent the opportunity to do so. * The other parent can agree to take the child or decline. * Only if the other parent is unavailable or unwilling to take on child-care duties will the first parent be able to contact a babysitter, relative, or seek help elsewhere. What are the advantages of having the right of first refusal in Texas custody situations? The right of first refusal can be a great option for busy parents who live close to each other and have a good relationship. It allows for flexible and additional parenting time - and also peace of mind and convenience. For example, if a parent is going on a business trip or has to... > Leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas is illegal if the child is under age 7 and has been left unattended for more than 5 minutes. Learn more. - Published: 2022-08-15 - Modified: 2023-03-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/leaving-a-child-in-a-vehicle-in-texas/ It’s a hot summer day, and you are out running errands with your toddler. You park in a convenience store parking lot and notice that your baby is asleep in the car seat. You decide to quickly run into the store, leaving your child in the car unattended. Can you be arrested for leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas? In Texas, it is a crime – a misdemeanor – to leave a young child in a vehicle for more than five minutes unattended. If the child is injured or dies as a result of being left in the car – tragedies we sometimes see in the brutal summer heat – you could be charged with a serious felony. In this article, we will discuss the law and the potential consequences of leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas. We will also give some real examples of when this has happened and why police and prosecutors take this offense so seriously. If you or a loved one has been accused of leaving a child in a vehicle, it is essential to contact an experienced defense attorney immediately. Not only could you be facing criminal charges, but Child Protective Service (CPS) could also get involved. Our team has handled dozens of cases involving crimes against children – first as highly-skilled prosecutors and now as highly-coveted defense attorneys. We can help. What does Texas law say about leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas? Under Texas Penal Code 22. 10, a person commits an offense if he or she intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes, knowing that the child is: younger than seven years of age; and not attended by an individual in the vehicle who is 14 years of age or older. As you can see, briefly leaving a child in a vehicle is not always illegal. Still, it is always better to err on the side of caution. If you are leaving a child in the car, even for just a minute, make sure that the child is supervised by someone 14 years of age or older. What is the punishment for leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas? In Texas, it is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a maximum $500 fine for leaving a child in a vehicle in Texas. This offense is classified as neglectful supervision, which means CPS will also likely get notified and may launch their own investigation. If evidence of child abuse or neglect is found, the child could be removed from your home. As we mentioned earlier, if the child suffers bodily injury or dies as a result of being left in the car, you could be facing much more serious charges – including a felony charge of endangering a child. We will discuss that next. When is it a felony to leave a child in a vehicle in Texas? There are several scenarios that could result in a felony... > If you are facing federal sentencing, it's imperative to adequately prepare for your federal presentence interview. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-08-02 - Modified: 2023-07-17 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/federal-presentence-interview/ After someone is convicted in federal court – either by pleading guilty or by a trial – the federal sentencing process begins. Unlike state court, a judge is the only entity that can hand down a sentence in federal court. To arrive at a fair and just punishment, the federal judge relies heavily on something called a “Presentence Report,” or PSR. In this article, we are going to explain the PSR, and how you can prepare for the federal presentence interview, which is a critical part of the sentencing process. What is a federal presentence report (PSR)? A Presentence Report, or PSR, is an extremely important document in the federal sentencing process. It is a voluminous report that is generated by the United States Federal Probation Office, which contains a wealth of information about you – including the severity of your crime, criminal history, family background, employment history, mental and physical health, community ties, etc. One of the primary purposes of the PSR is to provide the judge with recommended sentencing range. While the recommended guideline is not mandatory for the judge to follow, it’s a good starting point. Because federal judges rely heavily on a PSR in coming to a sentencing decision, it’s extremely important to put your best foot forward during your federal presentence interview with the probation officer. It’s also important to make sure all the information contained in the PSR is accurate. The report is also used by the Federal Bureau of Prisons to help classify where a defendant should be housed and it will follow you through your time in federal custody if you are given prison time. Who prepares a federal presentence report? The PSR is prepared by a Federal Probation Officer (FPO), who will gather a plethora of information from a variety of sources, including: the defendant, the victim(s), family members, law enforcement, prosecutors, court documents and records, and other interviews. It’s important to note that the federal probation officer will obtain much of his or her information through an in-person or Zoom interview with you, as well as other relevant parties. What is a federal presentence investigation interview? A presentence investigation interview is a formal question and answer session between a federal defendant and a federal probation officer. The purpose of the interview is to gather information for the court to consider as it relates to sentencing. The interview usually takes place in jail or at the U. S. Probation Office. In recent times, due to the pandemic, interviews have also occurred through Zoom. The interview generally takes 90 minutes to a few hours. Afterward, the probation officer may spend several weeks preparing the report for the United State District Court Judge, who will use it to help him or her decide the appropriate sentence. It is impossible to overemphasize how important it is to take the interview seriously and to prepare appropriately. How can you prepare for a federal presentence interview? The federal presentence interview is a crucial part of the... > In Texas, child support ends when a child turns 18 or graduates high school - but there are exceptions. Learn about terminating child support. - Published: 2022-07-15 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/terminating-child-support/ Will Child Support Automatically at Age 18? No, child support does not automatically stop when your child turns 18 in Texas. While the standard rule under Texas Family Code Section 154. 001 requires support until a child turns 18 or graduates high school (whichever comes later), you must take legal action to formally end the payments. Without filing a motion to terminate, wage withholding will continue taking money from your paycheck. Many Texas parents assume child support payments stop on their own once a child reaches adulthood. This is one of the most common misconceptions in family law. The reality is that court-ordered child support and income withholding require formal court action to end, even when the legal obligation has technically expired. When Does Child Support End in Texas? Texas law sets clear guidelines for when child support obligations terminate. Under Texas Family Code 154. 001, parents must pay support until one of these conditions occurs: The child turns 18 or graduates from high school (whichever happens later) The child becomes legally emancipated The child dies If your child is still in high school at 18, support typically continues until graduation (often no later than age 19). If the child graduates before turning 18, support usually runs until their 18th birthday. What Are the Exceptions That Allow Early Termination of Child Support? A child becomes legally emancipated before age 18 if they meet specific criteria. Emancipation means the child can manage their own affairs and is financially self-supporting. Under Texas law, early termination is allowed when a child: Gets married Joins the U. S. military Successfully petitions the court to be free of parental control (a judge issues an order granting the child the same rights as an adult) In any of these situations, the court requires proof before terminating child support obligations. You cannot simply stop paying. You must file a petition to terminate child support with the court that issued the original order. Can Child Support Be Extended Beyond Age 18? Yes. If a child has a physical or mental disability that requires substantial care and supervision, and the disability existed before they turned 18, a Texas court can order parents to provide indefinite support. This is sometimes called "adult disabled child support" and can continue for the child's entire lifetime. The parent seeking extended support must prove the disability substantially limits the child's ability to support themselves. Courts examine medical records, functional assessments, and expert testimony when making these determinations. Does Child Support Terminate Automatically? No. This is where many parents make costly mistakes. Child support is not automatically terminated when a child turns 18, graduates from high school, or qualifies for early emancipation. The termination must be done legally to stop income withholding. To formally end child support, you or a family law attorney must file a Motion to Terminate Withholding for Child Support in the court that issued the original family court orders. A hearing will be scheduled where the judge reviews the petition. If... > Questions about Texas divorce or family law matters? Check out the top 100 FAQs about Texas divorce. - Published: 2022-07-13 - Modified: 2024-02-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/top-100-faqs-about-texas-divorce/ If you are considering divorce, or have already started the process, you probably have a ton of questions. How long will the process take? How is child custody determined? How will our property be divided? In this blog post, we answer the most common questions about Texas divorce and family law matters. We hope this comprehensive guide – Top 100 FAQs about Texas Divorce – will provide clarity during what is probably a confusing and emotional time. 1. How do I file for divorce in Texas? The first step is to file a petition for divorce with the district clerk in the county where you or your spouse have lived for more than 90 days. Once the petition is filed, your spouse will be served with divorce papers and will have 20 days to respond. A family law attorney can file the petition and start the process on your behalf. 2. What is a divorce petition? A divorce petition is the document that gets the divorce process rolling. The original petition for divorce contains basic information, such as the names and addresses of the parties, the date of marriage, and the grounds for divorce. Once it is filed with the court, it will be served on the other spouse. When people say they have "filed for divorce," they are referring to the divorce petition. 3. Who is the petitioner and who is the respondent? In Texas divorce cases, one spouse is the petitioner and the other is the respondent. The petitioner is the spouse who initiates the divorce by filing a petition for divorce. The respondent is the spouse who receives divorce papers from the petitioner and must then file an answer. The benefit to being the petitioner is that you get to go first in family court, which could set the tone for the case. 4. What is a "no-fault divorce"? Texas is a no-fault divorce state, which means that you do not need to prove that your spouse did anything wrong in order to get a divorce. You can simply state that the marriage has become "insupportable" due to discord or conflict. Insupportability is a divorce ground that simply means the marriage is no longer working and there is no hope for reconciliation. Again, it does not mean that one spouse is at fault, or that either spouse did anything wrong. Image: No fault divorce by Nick Youngson CC BY-SA 3. 0 Pix4free 5. What are the "grounds" for divorce in Texas? Although Texas is a "no-fault divorce" state, it still recognizes numerous grounds for divorce. Grounds for divorce are reasons why the court may grant a divorce and make certain decisions in favor of one spouse over another, including child custody, child support, and property division. The grounds for divorce in Texas are: * insupportability * cruelty * adultery * felony conviction * abandonment * living apart * confinement to a mental hospital 6. What is the divorce process in Texas? Divorce can be a very complicated... > In Texas, the divorce process is officially over when a judge signs the final decree of divorce. Here's what you need to know about Texas divorce decree. - Published: 2022-07-13 - Modified: 2026-04-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-decree/ Understanding Your Texas Divorce Decree: A Comprehensive Guide In Texas, the divorce process is officially over when a judge signs the final decree of divorce. This legal document legally ends your marriage and contains all of the court's decisions about your divorce. In this article, we will explain the Texas divorce decree in more detail, including what is in it and how it will guide you moving forward. A divorce decree is more than just paperwork—it's the roadmap for your post-divorce life. Understanding every aspect of this document is crucial for protecting your rights and ensuring compliance with Texas law. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know about Texas divorce decrees, from their contents to enforcement and modification. What information is contained in a Texas divorce decree? A Texas divorce decree is a binding legal document that contains the court's final decisions on all of the issues in your divorce. This includes decisions about property division, spousal support, child custody, child support, visitation, and possession. The final decree of divorce will also specify who will pay what debts and court costs. Once it is signed by the judge, you are officially divorced and can move on with your life. Property Division Details The decree will specify exactly how your community property and debts are divided. This includes real estate, vehicles, bank accounts, retirement accounts, investments, business interests, and personal property. Each asset will be clearly assigned to either you or your former spouse. The decree will also detail who is responsible for each debt, including mortgages, car loans, credit cards, and other financial obligations. If property needs to be sold or transferred, the decree will include deadlines and procedures for doing so. Child-Related Provisions For divorces involving children, the decree becomes even more detailed. It will establish conservatorship (custody) arrangements, determining whether parents will be joint managing conservators or if one parent will be the sole managing conservator. The document outlines specific rights and duties for each parent, including who makes decisions about education, medical care, and extracurricular activities. The possession and access schedule (visitation) will be spelled out in detail, including regular weekends, holidays, summer vacation, and special occasions. Child support obligations are clearly stated, including the amount, payment frequency, and duration. The decree may also address health insurance coverage, uninsured medical expenses, and educational costs. Spousal Support Provisions If spousal maintenance (alimony) is awarded, the decree will specify the amount, duration, and payment schedule. It will also outline the conditions under which spousal support may terminate, such as remarriage or cohabitation. Tax implications and payment methods are typically addressed as well. Name Change Authorization If either spouse wishes to resume using a former name, the decree will include specific language authorizing this change. This provision can be used to officially change your name on driver's licenses, social security cards, and other legal documents. How does a Texas divorce decree work? Once the judge signs your divorce decree, it is filed with the court... > Over the decades, more people are being charged with "felony murder" in Texas, especially in DWI fatalities. Here's what you need to know about this charge. - Published: 2022-07-09 - Modified: 2026-02-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/felony-murder-in-texas/ In Texas, you can be charged with murder even if you never intended to kill anyone. Under the felony murder rule in Texas Penal Code § 19. 02, a person who commits a felony and, in the process, causes someone's death can face a first-degree murder charge, punishable by 5 years to life in prison. This charge has been used with growing frequency in North Texas, particularly in drunk driving fatalities involving repeat offenders. Varghese Summersett's criminal defense team includes Board Certified specialists and former prosecutors with decades of combined experience handling murder charges across North Texas, from DWI fatalities to drug-related deaths. If you or a loved one is facing a felony murder charge, time is critical. The firm has secured more than 1,600 dismissals and 800+ charge reductions for Texas clients. Our attorneys know how prosecutors build these cases, because many of them once built cases themselves. You've Seen Us On How Does Texas Define Murder? Murder is defined in Texas Penal Code § 19. 02. The statute identifies three separate ways a person can commit murder. Most people are familiar with the first two. The third, commonly called the "felony murder rule," is the focus of this article. Under § 19. 02, a person commits murder if he or she: Intentionally or knowingly causes the death of an individual; or Intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; or Commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course and furtherance of that commission, or in immediate flight from it, commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual. That third definition is felony murder. No intent to kill is required. The only requirements are an underlying felony and a dangerous act that causes death. What Is the Difference Between Murder and Felony Murder? Standard murder requires that the defendant intended to kill or cause serious bodily injury. Felony murder requires no such intent. Instead, it applies when a person is committing a felony and, in the process, performs an act "clearly dangerous to human life" that results in someone's death. A classic example: a getaway driver in a robbery who, fleeing the scene, runs over and kills a pedestrian. The driver didn't intend to kill anyone. But because the driver was committing a felony (robbery) and performed a dangerous act (reckless driving) that caused a death, the state can charge murder. The fact that the death was unintended is no defense. What Must the Prosecution Prove in a Felony Murder Case? The burden of proof in every Texas criminal case falls entirely on the State. The defendant has no obligation to prove innocence. To convict someone of felony murder under Tex. Penal Code § 19. 02(b)(3), prosecutors must establish each of the following elements beyond a reasonable doubt: The defendant committed or attempted to commit a felony (other... > Texas passed a law making it a felony to steal catalytic converters. Here's what you need to know about catalytic converter theft in Texas. - Published: 2022-07-08 - Modified: 2023-07-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/catalytic-converter-theft/ Over the past several years, catalytic converter thefts in Texas have been on the rise. To combat the problem, lawmakers passed legislation in 2021 making it a felony to steal, buy or sell stolen catalytic converters in Texas. In this article, we are going to explain the crime and consequences of catalytic converter theft in Texas, and answer some frequently asked questions about this unusual trend. What is a catalytic converter? A catalytic converter is a muffler-shaped device on the underside of a vehicle that helps reduce harmful emissions from a vehicle's engine. Catalytic converters are required by law on all new vehicles sold in the United States. Why are catalytic converters being stolen? Catalytic converters contain precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium, which makes them attractive to people looking to make quick money. After stealing the catalytic converter, they turn around and sell the car part to junkyards, metal recyclers, or on the black market. Why has there been an increase in catalytic converter thefts in Texas? The price of the precious metals contained in catalytic converters has increased in recent years in Texas and across the county, which has led to an increase in thefts. Platinum, palladium, and rhodium all sell for hundreds to thousands of dollars per ounce. How is catalytic converter theft committed? Most catalytic converter thefts are committed by someone who slides under a vehicle and cuts off the catalytic converter with a small, battery-operated saw with a metal cutting blade. The process takes minutes. Catalytic converters are often stolen from driveways and apartment parking lots. What are the consequences of catalytic converter theft in Texas? Catalytic converter theft in Texas is now a felony offense. In June 2021, Texas Gov. Greg Abbott signed House Bill 4110, which made it a state jail felony to steal, buy or sell stolen catalytic converters. A state felony is punishable by six months to two years in a state jail facility and a maximum $10,00 fine. In 2023, Lawmakers went a step further in addressing catalytic converter theft in Texas by strengthening the penalties and criminalizing the possession of unlawfully removed converters. TX SB 224 states that: if the defendant has a prior conviction for this offense, was involved in organized crime, or possessed a firearm, the charge can be elevated to a third-degree felony, punishable by 2 to 10 years in prison. This legislation is known as the Deputy Darren Almendarez Act, named in honor of the late Harris County Deputy Sheriff Darren Almendarez, who tragically lost his life while trying to prevent a group of thieves from stealing his own catalytic converter. What does the catalytic converter theft law require? Among other things, TX HB 4110 requires people selling catalytic converters to provide the year, make, model, and vehicle identification number from the vehicle in which the part was removed. It also requires metal recycling facilities to take a thumbprint of the person selling them the catalytic converter and mark each catalytic converter with a... > In Texas, a DUI and a DWI are not the same thing. Call 817-203-2220 for a free consultation with an experienced Fort Worth DUI lawyer. - Published: 2022-06-27 - Modified: 2024-03-05 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/difference-dui-dwi/ When clients call our law firm to discuss intoxication offenses, they often use the words DUI and DWI interchangeably. However, these two offenses are not the same thing in Texas. A DUI is reserved solely for people under the age of 21, while a person of any age can be charged DWI as long as certain elements are met. To be sure, both offenses can have long-lasting future implications. That’s why it is so important to contact an experienced criminal defense attorney if you or a loved one has been arrested on a DUI, DWI or any other intoxication offense. In this article, we are going to explain the difference between DUI and DWI in Texas and what you should do if you or a loved one has been arrested for an intoxication crime. But first please take a moment and watch this video by experienced Fort Worth DUI lawyer Anna Summersett, who is also board certified in criminal law. What is a DUI in Texas? In Texas, DUI stands for Driving Under the Influence. A person commits the offense of DUI if he or she is under the age of 21 and drives with any detectible amount of alcohol in their system. This offense only applies to individuals who have not reached the legal drinking age. This can be confusing because “DUI” in many other states means something very different. In most states “DUI” is the equivalent of a DWI in Texas. What is a DWI in Texas? In Texas, DWI stands for Driving While Intoxicated. A person commits the offense of DWI if he or she operates a motor vehicle while intoxicated. Intoxication means the driver has a blood alcohol concentration of a . 08 or greater or has lost the normal use of their mental and physical faculties due to the introduction of any substance into their body, including alcohol, illicit drugs or prescription drugs. A person can be charged with DWI at any age. What are the differences between a DUI and DWI in Texas? In this table, our Fort Worth DUI lawyer breaks down the main differences between a DWI and a DUI in Texas, including the offense, punishment and license suspensions. Show 10 25 50 100 entries Search: Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Applies to drivers under 21 Age is not a factor Charges stem from alcohol use only Charges stem from any intoxicant, including alcohol, illicit drugs and prescription drugs Class C Misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine Class B Misdemeanor, punishable by 3 to 180 days in the county jail 60 day license suspension 90 to 180 day license suspension Section 106. 041 Texas Alcoholic Beverage Code Chapter 49. 04, Texas Penal Code Showing 1 to 5 of 5 entries How much does a Fort Worth DWI attorney cost in Texas? Quality representation for an experienced DWI lawyer will cost between $5,000-$25,000 pre-trial in most cases in Texas. The amount will depend on the quality and experience... > Involved in a child custody case in Fort Worth? You may be ordered to take a drug test. Here's what you need to know about drug testing in child custody cases. - Published: 2022-06-26 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/drug-testing-in-child-custody-cases/ If you are involved in a child custody or visitation case, don't be surprised if you are asked - or ordered - to take a drug test. Drug testing in child custody cases in Texas is increasingly common. The judge must make decisions based on what he or she believes is in the "best interests of the child" and drug testing is often required in cases where there is even a mention or thought of substance abuse - whether it is true or not. In this blog post, our Fort Worth family law attorneys answer some frequently asked questions about drug testing in child custody cases in Texas. https://youtu. be/aH6glihbGoM When is drug testing required in child custody or visitation cases? While drug testing may be ordered in any child custody or visitation case, it is most likely to come up in cases where: * one of the parents has a history of drug abuse; * there have been allegations of drug use; * a parent files a motion requesting the other parent be drug tested; * there is a concern about the child's safety Which type of drug test is most commonly given in North Texas child custody cases? In child custody cases, the most common drug test is a urine drug screen. This type of drug test can detect recent use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates, amphetamines, and PCP. However, the judge could also order hair follicle or nail clipping tests which can detect drug use over a longer period of time. The attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group usually request a hair follicle or nail test because urine tests can be tampered with. Who pays for the drug test in family court? It depends. The court will usually order the parent requesting drug testing to pay for it. However, if the other parent fails the drug test, the court may order that parent to pay for it. Simply put, the court decides who pays. Can you be given a surprise drug test in Fort Worth family court cases? Yes, you could be ordered to submit to a drug test in the middle of a court hearing or within an extremely short period of time. This is often ordered when there are concerns about the child's safety or what is in the best interests of the child. What happens if you refuse to comply with court-ordered drug testing in child custody cases? If you refuse a court order, you can be held in contempt of court. This means you can be fined, jailed, or both. This will also not bode well for child custody or visitation case and the judge will likely rule against you. If you have been ordered to take a drug test or if drug testing is being considered in your child custody case, it is important to speak with an experienced family law attorney. Our attorneys can help explain the drug testing process and what to expect. What if I fail my drug... > Accused of sexual assault? Here's how our team of experienced defense attorneys have helped people beat a sexual assault charge. - Published: 2022-06-20 - Modified: 2022-08-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/beat-a-sexual-assault-charge/ Fort Worth Sexual Assault Defense If you have been accused of sexual assault in Fort Worth or the surrounding areas, what you do (or don't do) next can impact the trajectory of your case and, ultimately, your life. Sexual assault cases are usually built on the word of the alleged victim, often without corroborating evidence, so you will not help yourself by cooperating with police or giving your side of the story. They aren't interested in fairness or getting to the truth. In fact, giving a statement to the police is the worst thing you can do right now. Your next contact needs to be with an experienced sexual assault defense attorney who has a proven record of success and the reputation to back it up. Our team has helped numerous people beat a sexual assault charge and we are prepared to help you, too. Do not underestimate the gravity of your situation. A conviction for sexual assault carries life-altering consequences, including possible prison time, steep fines and sex offender registration. You will need the very best defense team in your corner to beat a sexual assault charge. How to Beat a Sexual Assault Charge At Varghese Summersett, we have a reputation as one of the best sexual assault defense firms in North Texas - and for good reason. We have exceptional results defending rape cases, including sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault and sex allegations involving children. So what's our strategy? We get out in front of the case fast - and leave no stone unturned when looking for weaknesses in the prosecution's case. In this blog post, we share ways to beat a sexual assault charge. But first, please watch this video by Letty Martinez, a board-certified criminal attorney and former prosecutor who has handled dozens of sexual assault cases during her legal career. Advantages of Getting Out in Front of the Case If you have been accused of sexual assault, formally or informally, the first thing you need to do is contact an experienced Fort Worth sexual assault attorney. Do not talk to the police - or anyone else. If you heard through the grapevine that your ex-girlfriend is telling people you sexually assaulted her, you need to contact a defense attorney. If a detective contacts you and asks you to come down to the station to give "your side of the story," you need to contact a defense attorney. If you are arrested on a sexual assault charge, you need to exercise your right to remain silent and contact a defense attorney. By contacting an experienced defense attorney before you do anything else, you can level the playing field and put yourself in a much better position to defend against sexual assault allegations. The attorney will act as the buffer between you and the police, so you are not inadvertently incriminating yourself. The attorney can also start investigating the sexual assault allegations right away and, if necessary, take steps to preserve evidence that may be helpful to... > Most spouses think they automatically get to keep their 401K in divorce. Find out why this isn't the case in Texas, which is a community property state - Published: 2022-06-14 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/401k-in-divorce-in-texas/ When working couples divorce, they often assume each spouse gets to take their respective 401K accounts with them. This is not necessarily the case. Texas is a community property state and all income earned while a couple is married is generally to be divided equally. That includes money in a 401K or retirement savings account. Here’s what you need to know about 401K in divorce and how you may be able to keep your hard-earned nest egg. How is a 401K divided in divorce? Dividing a 401k in divorce can get complicated quickly. Because Texas is a community property state, all marital assets are to be divided 50/50. However, money invested in a 401K prior to marriage does not fall into the “marital asset” category. In other words, money invested in a 401K plan before the marriage is not considered community property, and therefore, not divided. A court must determine how much of the 401K was earned during the marriage and how much was earned separately. This is often a complicated undertaking, especially since interest accumulated by the plan is likely to be considered community property. It’s important to work with a skilled attorney during this process to make sure your rights are protected. Is it possible to keep my 401K in divorce? Yes, it’s possible. If each spouse’s 401K account contains roughly the same amount of savings, the court may not divide either and just award each party their own retirement. If there is only one retirement fund or if the two accounts have a disproportionate amount of savings, you may have to fight for it. Divorce courts have wide discretion in dividing up individual assets by applying the “just and right” standard. To show the court why you should be wholly awarded your 401K, be prepared to show your need for future support and the value of your spouse’s assets and income. Can spouses agree to settle a 401K in divorce? Yes, spouses are free to enter into settlement agreements to resolve issues, such as splitting retirement savings, during the divorce. For example, both spouses could agree that they will each retain their separate 401 accounts, or that one spouse can keep the 401K in exchange for another asset of equal value. It’s important to point out that a family court judge must agree to your joint decision. Still, settlement is often the way to go if it can be accomplished through the attorneys of each spouse or through mediation. Speak with a skilled family law attorney to find out how to settle your divorce fairly and amicably. What is a QDRO? A QDRO is an acronym for Qualified Domestic Relations Order. In simple terms, a QDRO is a signed court order that tells a retirement plan administrator how to distribute retirement benefits to each spouse. It is separate from a divorce decree and must comply with state and federal law. https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ap6_mezsP2Q Questions about 401K in Divorce? Speak to an experienced divorce lawyer Retirement assets,... > Thinking about adopting your stepchild? Here's what you need to know about stepparent adoption in Texas. - Published: 2022-06-14 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/stepparent-adoption-in-texas/ Thinking about adopting your stepchild? This noble gesture will not only cement the deep bond between you and your stepchild, but it will provide lifelong stability and security to a principal member of the family unit. In some cases, stepparent adoption in Texas can be complicated, but with the right preparation and guidance, you can make this dream a reality. In this blog post, we'll go over what you need to know about stepparent adoption in Texas. But first, please watch this video by senior associate attorney, Kristen Carr, who loves helping families through the adoption process. https://youtu. be/AE2vSXO0tek? si=lmqU91sE_GpzRTC3 What is stepparent adoption in Texas? In Texas, stepparent adoption is the legal process by which a stepparent can adopt their spouse's child. Once the adoption is finalized, the stepparent will be the child's legal guardian and share all the parental rights and responsibilities. The child will have a new birth certificate, a new name if desired, and the same legal rights as any other child in the family, including inheritance rights. What criteria must be met for a stepparent adoption in Texas? In order to file a petition for stepparent adoption in Texas, one of the following criteria must be met:* The child only has one living biological parent (the other bio parent is deceased);* The stepchild is a grown adult and can consent to the adoption;* There is only one biological parent present because the other chooses not to be involved, cannot be located, or whose identity is unknown;* The other parent is willing to sign documents releasing them of responsibility What if the other biological parent won't consent to the adoption? If the other biological parent does not consent to the adoption, the stepparent can still adopt their stepchild - but first the other parent's parental rights must be terminated. This is a drastic legal step that a judge would not agree to without careful consideration and only if it is in the best interest of the child. To terminate rights, the court needs to find at least one statutory grounds for termination, such as child abandonment, failure to provide support, incarceration or child abuse. The court must also find that terminating the biological parent's rights is in the best interest of the child, taking into account the child's age, physical and emotional needs, present living situation, and any other relevant factors. If the other parent won't consent to the adoption and you are prepared to fight for your family, it's imperative that you have an attorney who is experienced in family law and stepparent adoption in Texas. What is the stepparent adoption process in Texas? In Texas, the law will not allow a child to have more than two legal parents - so the rights of one of the parents must be terminated in order for a stepparent adoption to occur. Under Texas Family Code 162. 001(b), stepparent adoption is basically a two-step process that requires: Termination of the rights of the biological parent; Adoption by... > Is partner emotionally distant, overly critical, secretive or engaging in risky behavior? These could be signs your spouse is considering divorce - Published: 2022-06-01 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/signs-your-spouse-is-considering-divorce/ If your spouse has become emotionally distant, overly critical, secretive about finances, or suddenly focused on their appearance, these could be warning signs they're considering divorce. Recognizing these red flags early gives you time to address underlying issues, seek counseling, or prepare yourself for what may come next. Most marriages don't collapse overnight. Problems typically build over months or years, leaving a trail of warning signs along the way. At Varghese Summersett, our team has helped hundreds of Texas families through divorce proceedings. Based on that experience, here are ten tell-tale signs your spouse may be thinking about ending the marriage. What Are the Warning Signs Your Spouse Wants a Divorce? Every marriage goes through rough patches. But certain behavior changes suggest something more serious than a temporary slump. If you notice several of these signs occurring together, your spouse may already be mentally preparing to leave the relationship. 1. Emotional Withdrawal and Distance When someone is considering divorce, they often begin pulling away emotionally before taking any legal action. Your spouse may avoid affection, disengage from meaningful conversations, and opt out of activities you once enjoyed together. This emotional detachment is often one of the earliest indicators that something is wrong. Pay attention if your partner seems physically present but mentally elsewhere. They may give short answers, avoid eye contact, or seem uninterested in your day. This withdrawal creates space between you that grows wider over time. 2. Constant Criticism A spouse who suddenly finds fault with everything you do may be building a mental case for leaving. Nitpicking your appearance, questioning your parenting decisions, or criticizing your housekeeping are ways some people justify their desire to end the marriage. This pattern goes beyond normal disagreements. When criticism becomes relentless and nothing you do seems good enough, your spouse may be rationalizing their unhappiness by focusing on your perceived flaws. 3. Sudden Interest in Physical Appearance Has your spouse suddenly started working out, buying new clothes, or paying more attention to their grooming habits? While self-improvement isn't inherently suspicious, a dramatic and unexplained change in appearance can signal they're preparing for life after your marriage or trying to attract someone new. 4. Lack of Physical Intimacy Physical intimacy naturally ebbs and flows in long-term relationships. However, a complete halt to your sex life may indicate deeper problems. When a spouse mentally checks out of a marriage, they often lose interest in physical connection as well. This isn't just about frequency. A spouse considering divorce may also resist casual touching, hugs, or other forms of non-sexual physical affection. The emotional distance translates into physical distance. 5. No Interest in Your Life Couples who are invested in their relationship take interest in each other's daily experiences. If your spouse used to ask about your day but now seems completely indifferent, they may have already begun detaching from the marriage. A partner who doesn't care about your work, friendships, or personal struggles has stopped investing emotionally. This lack of curiosity about your... > Contemplating getting a divorce while pregnant in Texas? Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-05-31 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-while-pregnant-in-texas/ Pregnancy and divorce are not words that are frequently used in the same sentence. But it does happen and, when it does, there are generally a lot of questions that come with this juxtaposition. Can you even get a divorce while pregnant in Texas? What is the process like? How will this affect my child? In this blog post, we will answer some of the most common questions about divorcing while pregnant in Texas. If you are considering this option, it is important to consult with an experienced lawyer who can guide you through this highly-emotional time in your life. Can you get a divorce while pregnant in Texas? The short answer is no. Although you can file for divorce while pregnant in Texas, the divorce will not be finalized until after the baby is born. This is because the court will not have jurisdiction over a child until it is born and, therefore, cannot make final decisions on issues such as child support, child custody, or even paternity. Texas courts will not generally grant a divorce until all aspects are addressed. If a judge quickly granted a divorce, it would have to be reopened after the baby is born. So if you are considering getting a divorce while pregnant in Texas, it is important to understand that you may be waiting a little longer than you anticipated. Do I have to wait to file for divorce until after the baby is born? No, you can go ahead and file for divorce, with the understanding that it just won't be finalized until after the baby is born. There are actually many advantages to filing for divorce now, as you can begin negotiations and may be able to resolve issues through mediation. Mediation is a process that allows divorcing couples to come to an agreement on all aspects of their divorce, without going to trial. This can be a very effective way to resolve complex issues, such as child support, custody, vistiation, and property division. It is also important to note that, if you do file for divorce now, the court can still make temporary orders regarding things like child support and visitation. These orders will remain in place until the divorce is finalized and will control the logistics of the relationship between you and your spouse until then. If you are considering getting a divorce while pregnant in Texas, it is important to consult with an experienced family law attorney who can guide you through this process. There are many advantages to getting the ball rolling now. What is the divorce process like if you're pregnant? The process of getting a divorce while pregnant in Texas is no different than any other divorce - except you may have to wait longer. You will need to file a petition for divorce and have your spouse served with divorce papers. Once this is done, you must undergo a mandatory waiting period, which is 60 days in Texas. If your pregnancy extends beyond... > In Texas, child support obligations end when a child turns 18 or graduates high school. Learn about paying for college after divorce. - Published: 2022-05-31 - Modified: 2022-06-01 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/paying-for-college-after-divorce/ Are you trying to figure out who is responsible for paying for college after divorce? In Texas, child support obligations end when a child turns 18 or graduates high school, whichever comes first. That means child support likely stops about the same time the child is headed off to college. So, who pays for college after divorce in Texas? It depends on if you and your ex-spouse have a binding agreement in writing. In this blog post, we will discuss the basics of child support and college tuition in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions about paying for college after divorce. Aren't college expenses part of the child support obligation? No, Texas law does not require parents to pay for their child's college expenses as part of the child support obligation. Under Section 154. 001 of the Texas Family Code, parents are only required to pay child support until the child reaches age 18 or graduates from high school. However, if you and your ex agree to pay for college as part of your divorce settlement, child support agreement, or a post-nuptial agreement, the court will usually enforce that agreement - which is sometimes referred to as a "college support agreement. " For example, if you and your ex agreed in writing that you would pay 60 percent of the child's college expenses and the other party would pay 40 percent, that agreement can be upheld by a Texas court. What should be included in a "college support agreement? " College support agreements can be included in a divorce decree or it can be a stand-alone contract. At the very least, a college support agreement should contain a definition of what the parties consider "college;" the term of coverage; what expenses qualify (tuition, books, housing); and to whom payments will be made. What if we only had a verbal agreement about paying for college after divorce? Verbal agreements are not enforceable in court. If you and your ex made a verbal agreement about child support and college tuition, it cannot be enforced by a judge. To make sure your agreement is enforceable, it must be in writing. What if we don't have a written agreement and can't agree on who should pay college expenses? If the parents have an agreement in writing that provides for college expenses, then the court will generally enforce that agreement. However, if the parents do not have an agreement, the court does not have the authority to order either parent to pay for the child's college education. Paying for College after Divorce - Recap The Texas Family Code does not address college tuition for good reason. The Code is primarily focused on providing for minors - individuals under the age of 18 (but longer if the child has not graduated from high school).   Texas courts will, however, enforce marital settlement agreements and post-nuptial agreements - so at the time of divorce, this is an important matter to consider and try to resolve. It... > If you are over age 50 and considering a divorce, you are not alone. Here's what you need to know about a so-called "gray divorce." - Published: 2022-05-17 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/gray-divorce/ Gray divorce refers to couples who split after age 50, often after decades of marriage. While the overall U. S. divorce rate has stabilized, divorces among adults over 50 have doubled since 1990, according to the Pew Research Center. Today, 1 out of every 4 divorces involves someone over 50. If you're considering ending a long-term marriage, you're not alone. Later-life divorces present unique challenges that younger couples rarely face. Decades of accumulated assets, retirement accounts, and intertwined finances make property division far more complex. Unlike divorcing in your 30s, you have fewer working years to rebuild financially. Understanding what gray divorce involves can help you protect your future. What Is Gray Divorce? Gray divorce (sometimes called "silver splitting") describes the end of a marriage between spouses who are typically 50 years old or older. The term gained attention as researchers noticed a striking pattern: while overall divorce rates declined, divorces among older Americans doubled. Baby boomers, in particular, have driven this shift. The phenomenon affects millions of families. For couples married 30 or more years, ending a marriage means untangling deeply connected lives, shared histories, and substantial assets. The financial stakes are higher because resources that once supported one household must now support two, often on fixed or declining incomes. Why Are More Couples Divorcing After 50? Research shows that most gray divorces stem from serious violations of marital commitment rather than simply "growing apart. " Understanding the common causes can help you reflect on your own situation. Broken Trust and Commitment Contrary to the popular narrative of couples "drifting apart," studies show that severe breaches of trust drive most gray divorces. Physical infidelity ranks high on the list for both men and women. Mental health problems that go untreated can also erode the foundation of a long marriage over time. Gender Differences in Motivations Men and women often cite different reasons for ending their marriages. Women more frequently point to their spouse's addictions (alcohol, drugs, or pornography) and verbal or emotional abuse as the breaking point. Men more often cite financial disagreements and conflicts over raising children as key factors. Both genders commonly mention growing apart and developing divergent values and lifestyles. The Empty Nest Revelation When children leave home, couples often find themselves face-to-face for the first time in decades. The daily routines of parenting masked underlying disconnection. Without children as a shared focus, some couples discover they've developed into different people with little in common. What they thought was a partnership was actually two people orbiting around their kids. Longer, Healthier Lives Americans are living longer than previous generations. A 50-year-old today may have three or four decades ahead. Staying in an unhappy marriage for another 30+ years feels different than staying for 10. Many people decide they'd rather spend their remaining years pursuing fulfillment, even if that means starting over. Financial Independence More women now have their own careers and retirement savings. Financial dependence once kept many people in unsatisfying marriages. Today, both spouses may... > A gag order prohibits parties in a criminal case from discussing it with the media or the public. Learn more about gag orders in Texas. - Published: 2022-05-10 - Modified: 2022-05-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/gag-orders-in-texas/ In Texas, it is not uncommon for judges to issue gag orders in high-profile criminal cases. But what exactly is a gag order and why are they necessary? In this article, we will discuss gag orders in Texas, their purpose, and the consequences of violating one. What is a gag order? A gag order is a court order that prohibits the parties in a criminal case from publicly discussing the details with the news media or the public. That means those associated with the case, including attorneys, witnesses, and the defendant, cannot make extrajudicial, out-of-court public statements about the case until the trial is over. What’s the purpose of a gag order? The purpose of a gag order is to prevent information about the case from becoming tainted or biased before it reaches the jury. If potential jurors are exposed to statements made by those involved in the case, it could impact their ability to render a fair and impartial verdict. In addition, gag orders help ensure that both the prosecution and defense have a level playing field during trial. Who can request gag orders in Texas? Gag orders in Texas can be requested by the prosecution or defense, but judges can also decide to issue one on their own. In most cases, the decision will be made based on how high-profile the case is and whether there is a risk that public statements could influence the jury. How does a judge determine whether a gag order is appropriate? To justify a gag order, the court must make specific judicial findings, consider less drastic alternatives, and narrowly tailor the order to address the identified harm. For example, in a recent high profile case in Tarrant County involving a police officer accused of fatally shooting a woman inside her home, the gag order contained the following findings: “The court finds that out-of-court statements relating to the investigation and pretrial matters of this cause pose a serious and imminent threat to the Defendant’s constitutional right to a fair trial, the ability of the Court to maintain a fair and impartial jury, and to the fair administration of justice. The court further finds that other less restrictive means will not adequately protect the Defendant’s right to a fair trial and the interest in the State and the Defendant in a fair and impartial jury. ” Who does a gag order in Texas prohibit from talking? The gag order can apply to anyone who is participating in the case, including but not limited to: the defendant witnesses attorneys (the prosecutors and defense attorneys) law enforcement court personnel jurors Let’s look at the same high-profile case in Tarrant County referenced above. A gag order was issued ahead of the trial of Aaron Dean, a former police officer accused of killing Atatiana Jefferson inside her home. The judge issued a gag order that prohibited “any attorney participating in, or any attorney associated with the trial of this cause, their office associates, assistants, staff members, investigators and... > We break down the requirements of the Texas divorce discovery rules, what's discovery, and the common deadlines for discovery in Texas. - Published: 2022-05-09 - Modified: 2025-02-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-divorce-discovery-rules/ If you are in the process of divorce, you may be surprised to learn that the law requires you to turn over voluminous information to your spouse and his or her attorney. This includes financial records, property documents, child insurance information, the list goes on. The good news is that the law works both ways, meaning your ex will also have to disclose their information. In this article, we are going to go over the Texas divorce discovery process and explain the rules and what information must be exchanged between the parties and why. But first, please watch this video by experienced family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/FjVIBKgtTB8? feature=shared What is discovery in a Texas divorce proceeding? Discovery is a process involving the exchange of documents, information and other potential evidence between parties to a lawsuit or, in this case, a divorce or child custody case. The parties must comply with the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure, which govern divorce proceedings. Discovery is a very important part of divorce and child custody proceedings because it allows both parties to have a full and complete picture of the other party's assets, liabilities, income and expenses. This information is critical in negotiating a settlement that is fair to both parties. What information is required to be exchanged in Texas' divorce discovery process? In January 2021, changes were made to the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure which affected the Texas divorce discovery process. The biggest change was that courts now require the exchange of information at the beginning of the process, without having to be requested by the opposing party. The following information is required to be exchanged at the outset without anyone actually formally asking for it: Financial Records: This includes tax returns, pay stubs, bank statements, credit card statements, retirement and investment account statements. Property Documents: This includes deeds, titles and mortgage documents. Persons with Knowledge: This includes the names and contact information of any person who has information relevant to the divorce or child custody case, such as family members, friends, neighbors, co-workers, doctors, financial advisors, accountants, doctors and counselors. Insurance Information: This includes all personal, property, automobile, health, life and insurance documents. Additional Evidence if Children Are Involved: All health insurance documents for the child/children. What types of discovery are common in Texas divorce cases? Here's a breakdown of the three main types of discovery you might encounter: Discovery Type What It Is Time Limits Legal Authority Written Interrogatories Written questions that must be answered under oath. Limited to 25 questions. 30 days to respond Texas Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 197; Texas Family Code § 6. 406; Level 1 Discovery Control Plan Requests for Production Requests for documents, emails, photos, and other evidence 30 days to respond Texas Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 196; Texas Family Code § 6. 406; Level 1 Discovery Control Plan Depositions In-person testimony under oath, recorded by a court reporter 6 hours per witness per side Texas Rules of Civil Procedure Rules... > A divorce case begins with the filing of an original petition for divorce in Texas. Here's what you need to know about this document and starting the process. - Published: 2022-05-09 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/original-petition-for-divorce-in-texas/ In Texas, a divorce case begins with something called an "original petition for divorce. " Basically, this is the document that gets the divorce process rolling. In this article, we are going to explain the original petition for divorce in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions. Be sure to watch the videos on this page by family law attorneys Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/9sfQRGU-HK4? si=GFvzNpK0A7HghL-l What is an original petition for divorce in Texas? The original petition for divorce in Texas is a document that is filed with the court to start the divorce process. It is also known as the "petition for dissolution of marriage. " The person who files the original petition for divorce is known as the "petitioner. " When people say they have "filed for divorce," they are referring to the original petition for divorce. The document is not complex and usually not very lengthy. It simply gives the court some basic information about the petitioner and the spouse (the "respondent"). It also states that the petitioner is seeking a divorce from the respondent. The original petition for divorce must be filed in the county where either the petitioner or respondent has lived for at least 90 days. If neither party lives in Texas, then the original petition can be filed in any county where the petitioner has lived for at least 90 days. What information is included in the original petition for divorce in Texas? The original petition for divorce must include certain information, as required by Texas law. This includes: -The full names of both the petitioner and respondent-The date of marriage and separation-County of residence-Names and ages of any children-Grounds for divorce-Whether a protective order is in place or pending-Information about marital property and debts-A statement that the petitioner is seeking a divorce from the respondent-Whether a name change is requestedThe original petition for divorce must be signed by the petitioner. Once it is filed with the clerk's office where one of both spouses reside, the court will issue a case number and assign a judge to the case. The date on which it is filed is considered the start of the divorce process. A 60-day waiting period will then begin on that date. Even though the document is not very complicated, it's important to get it done right the first time. If you have a divorce attorney, he or she will draft the document for you. What happens after the original petition for divorce is filed in Texas? After the original petition for divorce in Texas is filed, the petitioner must have it "served" on the respondent. This simply means that the respondent must be given a copy of the document. The petitioner can have it served by the sheriff's office or a private process server. Once the respondent has been served, he or she has 20 days to file an answer and counter petition with the court. If the respondent does not file a response, the petitioner can ask the court... > Did you know wives initiate divorce more than husbands? Check out these nine fascinating facts about divorce in Texas. - Published: 2022-05-09 - Modified: 2022-05-09 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/facts-about-divorce-in-texas/ When most people think of Texas, they think of cowboys, cattle, and the Wild West. However, there is another side to Texas that is often overlooked – its divorce rate. Nearly 12 percent of people will be divorced by age 30 in the Lone Star State. In this blog post, we throw out 10 fascinating facts about divorce in Texas and across the country. Keep reading to learn more! 1. The average age for couples going through their first divorce is age 30. Couples who married between the ages are 20 to 25 are 60 percent likely to get a divorce, according to the World Population Review. Those who wait until they are older than 25 to get married are 24 percent less likely to get a divorce. 2. The average cost of divorce in Texas is $15,600. If children aren't involved, the average cost of divorce in Texas is $15,600. If kids are involved, the cost shoots up to $23,500. That makes Texas the fifth costliest state in the country for divorce, according to the USA Today. 3. Wives initiate divorce more than husbands. Nearly 70 percent of divorces are initiated by women, according to a study conducted by the American Sociological Association. Experts theorize that women often initiate the divorce due to unhappiness caused by mismatches between the sexes, such as handling household chores and taking care of the kids while working a full-time job. 4. Money is the one of the most common reasons for divorce. Financial issues are one of the most common reasons for divorce, followed by lack of intimacy and infidelity, according to Survive Divorce. 5. Women earning $75,000 to $100,000 a year have the highest divorce rate. In contrast, men earning over $100,000 a year are the most likely to be married, according to analysts at QuoteWizard. 6. The city of Hudson has the highest divorce rate in Texas. The city of Hudson in Angelina County in east Texas has the highest divorce rate, with 19 percent of people over age 15 divorced, according to RoadSnack. The 10 cities with the highest divorce rates in Texas are: Hudson Krum Crockett Cameron Lacy-Lakeview Beeville Brady Lamesa Seminole Paris 7. January is the most popular month to file for divorce. January is the most popular month to file for divorce in Texas and across the country. In fact, it has been dubbed the "Divorce Month. " Family law attorneys theorize that couples wait to file for divorce until after the busy and stressful holidays, so they can have a new outlook in the new year. 8. Arkansas has the highest divorce rate. Arkansas and Oklahoma have the highest divorce rates, while Maine and the District of Columbia have the lowest divorce rates. 9. Texas divorce rate is relatively low. In 2020, the most recent data available, there were 1. 5 divorces for every 1000 inhabitants in Texas, according to Statista. This represents a steady decrease. In 1990, the divorce rate stood at 5. 5 divorces... > Parental alienation in Texas occurs when a parent intentionally pits the child against the other parent. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-04-14 - Modified: 2024-07-04 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/parental-alienation-in-texas/ What is parental alienation in Texas? Parental alienation, or Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS), occurs when a parent intentionally pits the child against the other parent in an attempt to cause discord or distance in their relationship. The parent does this through a series of strategies, such as brainwashing, manipulation, isolation, or false accusations, to foster a child's rejection of the other parent. The child, in turn, aligns with the alienating parent and may even show hostility or hatred toward the targeted parent. Why would a parent alienate a child from the other parent? Parental alienation in Texas often stems from a bitter divorce or child custody dispute and is motivated by anger, revenge, betrayal or rejection. What are some examples of parental alienation in Texas? There are numerous ways or strategies in which a parent engages in parental alienation in Texas. Common examples include: Badmouthing the other parent, including calling him or her derogatory names. Blaming the other parent for the divorce and giving specific reasons for the breakdown in the marriage, such as financial problems or infidelity. Involving the child in legal proceedings by talking to them about child support or allowing them to read court documents or attend lawyer meetings. Persuading the child to refuse visitation. Interfering with visitation by scheduling an activity that the child wants to do; therefore, making the other parent look "bad" for not allowing the child to go to the fun activity. Buying the child's favor by spoiling them with gifts or giving them more "freedom" by allowing them to do things they can't do at the other parent's house, like stay up late or eat candy. Acting hurt or sad when the child has a good time visiting the other parent. Refusing to allow the other parent access to the child's school report card or schedule of extracurricular activities. Refusing to allow pictures or gifts from the other parent in the home. Telling the child the other parent is dangerous or mentally unstable. Refusing to allow the child to visit with the extended family members on the other side of the family. Lying to the child about the other parent's communication efforts. For example, telling the child the other parent hasn't tried to contact them. Creating the impression that the other parent doesn't care about the child. Is parental alienation harmful to a child? Absolutely. Parental alienation can have a devastating effect on the child. It can cause confusion, anxiety, lack of trust, depression, and self-hatred. These negative emotions are a result of a child growing up distrusting or disliking their other parent because they wrongly believed they were unfit, unloving or uncaring. It's important to remember that parental alienation in Texas is a form of psychological abuse and should be taken seriously. It's always best to keep children out of adult disputes, as they may erroneously believe that they are somehow responsible for the parental conflict or discord. If you suspect parental alienation is occurring in your child's life, it's important... > Terminating parental rights in Texas is the legal process that severs the relationship between a parent and their child. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-04-12 - Modified: 2022-09-23 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/terminating-parental-rights-in-texas/ From time to time, clients ask us about terminating parental rights in Texas. Usually, it's because the other parent is not involved in the child's life or is exhibiting dangerous or abusive behavior. The first thing we tell clients is that terminating parental rights in Texas is not an easy process. It is an expensive process to attempt and it is usually not successful. Courts view termination of parental rights as a drastic step and are often hesitant to grant such a request because it means the child will only have one parent providing support for the rest of his or her life. If your primary goal is to stop paying child support, understand the odds of terminating parental rights are low. In this article, we will discuss the grounds for terminating parental rights in Texas and answer pressing questions about the process, which requires filing a lawsuit. What is the termination of parental rights in Texas? The termination of parental rights in Texas is a process that severs the legal relationship between a parent and their child. This means that the parent no longer has any legal rights or responsibilities to the child, including the right to visit or receive any information about the child. It also terminates child support obligations. Parental rights are terminated in one of two ways: Voluntarily, with the consent of the parent who agrees to relinquish their rights. Involuntarily, by filing a termination lawsuit and convincing a family law court that the other parent's rights should be terminated. It's important to note that termination of parental rights is permanent. Once severed, parental rights cannot be restored. So it's crucial to make sure that this is the right decision before moving forward. What are the grounds for involuntary termination of parental rights in Texas? There are a number grounds for terminating parental rights in Texas, which are enumerated in Section 161. 001 of the Texas Family Code. The most common grounds are: The parent abandoned the child and expressed no intent to return; The parent endangered the child; The parent abused or neglected the child or another child; The parent failed to support the child; The parent has been convicted of a felony involving sex or violence against a child; The parent kept the child out of school or away from home. How does the court decide if a parent's rights should be involuntarily terminated? When a termination lawsuit is filed, the court must hold a hearing to decide if the parent's rights should be terminated. The burden of proof is on the person filing the lawsuit to prove that one or more of the grounds for termination listed above applies. If the court finds that there is clear and convincing evidence that at least one of the grounds for termination exists AND that termination of the parent-child relationship is in the child's best interest then it will order the parent's rights to be terminated. Can a parent voluntarily give up their rights in Texas?... > 2026 Texas Standard Possession Order specifies the noncustodial parent's visitation schedule, including weekends, holidays, and vacations. Learn more. - Published: 2022-03-29 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/texas-standard-possession-order/ Looking for the 2026 Standard Possession Calendar? Click here to view it. The Texas Standard Possession Order (SPO) is the default visitation schedule courts use when parents cannot agree on custody arrangements. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 153, the SPO specifies the exact days and times a noncustodial parent can spend with their child, including weekends, holidays, and summer vacation. Child visitation is often one of the most emotional issues in divorce and child custody cases. When parents cannot reach a mutual agreement, Texas law provides a structured framework designed to protect the child's best interests while giving both parents meaningful time. https://youtu. be/z_1GJjvKdeQ? si=bjw-Sykc8BjiPZiQ What Is a Texas Standard Possession Order? A Texas Standard Possession Order is a court-issued schedule that outlines when the noncustodial parent has the right to possess their child. The SPO serves as the "default" schedule under Texas law when parents cannot agree on their own terms. The order covers specific visitation times for weekends, Thursday evenings, spring break, summer vacation, and major holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas. Parents can also choose an "election" schedule that offers different possession times based on how far apart they live. The three options are: 50 Miles Apart or Less 51 to 100 Miles Apart Over 100 Miles Apart What Is an Expanded Standard Possession Order? An Expanded Standard Possession Order (ESPO) gives the noncustodial parent more time with their child than the basic SPO. The expanded schedule includes more overnight visits, longer summer vacation periods, and possession times that align with school schedules rather than fixed clock times. For example, under an ESPO, weekend visitation begins when school lets out on Friday and ends when school resumes on Monday. This eliminates the need for midday transfers and gives families more flexibility. Fathers and mothers alike benefit from this expanded schedule when circumstances allow. What Is the 50-Mile Visitation Law in Texas? Texas lawmakers passed Senate Bill 1936 in 2021, adding expanded visitation rights for noncustodial parents who live within 50 miles of the custodial parent. This law, sometimes called the "equal parenting" or "shared parenting bill," allows the noncustodial parent to possess the child more than 40 percent of the time. Before this bill, noncustodial parents typically had their children only 20 to 24 percent of the time. The legislature designed this change to give noncustodial parents more meaningful time with their children. If you are considering your custody options, our family law attorneys can help you understand how these schedules apply to your situation. Call (817) 203-2220 for a free consultation. Is the 50-Mile Possession Order Required? No. The 50-mile expanded possession order is optional. If the expanded schedule does not work for the noncustodial parent's circumstances, they can elect not to use it. In that case, the parents would follow the traditional Standard Possession Order that existed before the 2021 changes. This flexibility recognizes that every family situation is different. Work schedules, travel requirements, and other factors may make the traditional schedule more practical for some... > If your spouse has been accused of a crime, you can refuse to testify against them in most cases? Here's what you need to know about spousal immunity in Texas. - Published: 2022-03-24 - Modified: 2022-03-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/spousal-immunity-in-texas/ If your spouse has been accused of a crime in Texas, can you refuse to testify at their trial? In most cases, the answer is yes – but there are some exceptions. Here’s what you need to know about spousal immunity in Texas. What is spousal immunity in Texas? Spousal immunity is a long-standing rule that says an individual cannot be forced to testify against their spouse in a criminal case. The rule, which is defined in 504(b) of the Texas Rules of Evidence, was implemented to preserve the integrity and sanctity of marriage. What does Texas law say about spouses testifying against each other? In Texas, two rules protect couples from possibly incriminating each other: Confidential Communication Privilege and Privilege Not to Testify in a Criminal Case. Together these rules are referred to as “Spousal Privileges” or “Husband-Wife Privileges” and are defined in Rule 504 of the Texas Rules of Evidence. We will break down each rule below. Privilege of a Spouse Not to Testify for the State in a Criminal Case Let’s say your husband or wife was accused of a serious crime and the prosecution wanted to call you to the stand and question you about his or her behavior or verify their whereabouts on the night in question. During questioning, you would be under oath, which means you would be required by law to tell the truth and could be charged with perjury if you did not. Clearly, this scenario creates a unique conflict of interest, which is why spousal immunity exists in Texas. If you invoke your spousal immunity privilege not to testify – which is sometimes referred to as testimonial privilege – the state can’t force you to testify against your spouse in criminal proceedings. A couple of things are worth noting. This only keeps the State from being able to call you against your will if you are the spouse of the accused. The defense could call you. Second, the privilege is yours, not the accused. The accused could not assert the privilege for your or keep you from testifying if you wanted to. Can I Voluntarily Testify For The State In My Spouse’s Trial? Yes, it’s important to understand that it is the defendant’s spouse who holds the spousal immunity privilege in Texas, meaning it is their decision whether or not to invoke it. If a spouse wants to voluntarily testify for the state, he or she can do so, even if the defendant objects. What If My Spouse (The Defendant) Wants Me To Testify For The Defense? Spousal immunity does not prohibit the defendant from calling his or her spouse as a witness. If the defendant wants to call their spouse to the stand, then they will be compelled to testify. What Are The Exceptions To This Privilege In Texas? While spousal immunity in Texas is a broad rule, there are some exceptions to it. Spousal immunity doesn’t apply: if the defendant’s spouse is also their victim. For example, if you... > Were you recently served divorce papers? It may be in your best interest to file an answer and counter petition for divorce. Find out why. - Published: 2022-03-24 - Modified: 2022-03-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/answer-and-counter-petition-for-divorce/ Being unexpectedly served with divorce papers can set off a flood of emotions - anger, sadness, confusion. Most people have no idea what to do next. Do you just accept it - or should you file paperwork of your own? In this article, we are going to discuss your options, including filing an answer and counter petition for divorce. My spouse served me divorce papers. Now what? If you have been served with divorce papers, you essentially have three choices: Do nothing. If you do nothing, the divorce will go on without your input and you will not have a say in matters regarding marital property, debts or even child custody. If you want to weigh in, you must file an answer, a counter petition, or both. File an answer. An “answer” is a legal form that you, the respondent, files with the court indicating that you want to participate in the divorce process. If you file an answer - referred to in Texas as the “respondents original answer” - it serves as a general denial of your spouse’s allegations and entitles you to notice of future proceedings. This is how to ensure you have a voice in the matter. When a respondents original answer is filed by an attorney, it serves as notice that you have counsel and that communication should be directed to your lawyer. File an answer and counter petition for divorce. A counter petition for divorce is basically a countersuit against your spouse. It indicates that you, too, want a divorce and have your own specific requests. It allows you to state your own allegations against your spouse and to tell the judge what you would like to see happen. In other words, it allows you to strike back and present your side to the judge. Is there a deadline to file an answer after being served divorce papers? Yes. In Texas, an answer is due by 10 a. m. on the Monday after 20 days from the date of service. To determine the deadline, find the day you received the petition, count 20 days, including weekends and holidays, and go to the next Monday. That is the day a response is due. What if you miss the deadline to file an answer in a divorce? If you are served with divorce papers and you do not respond on or before the deadline, your spouse can receive a default judgment, also called a default divorce decree, which doesn’t take into account any of your wants or needs. The court can make determinations about child custody, support, debt and property division without your input. Can the petitioner dismiss the case if the respondent has filed a counter petition for divorce? No, if a counter petition has been filed in a divorce case, the spouse who initiated the proceedings can’t dismiss the divorce case - not unless the other party also agrees. This is a benefit to filing a counter petition in a divorce; the case can’t be... > Failing to pay child support in Texas can result in several consequence, including jail time, wage garnishment and license suspensions. Learn more. - Published: 2022-03-24 - Modified: 2026-06-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/failing-to-pay-child-support-in-texas/ Failing to pay child support in Texas can lead to jail time, wage garnishment, license suspensions, passport revocation, and other serious consequences. Texas courts have broad enforcement powers under the Texas Family Code Chapter 157, and they do not hesitate to use them. If you are behind on child support or facing an enforcement action, you need to understand what is at stake. Below, we break down the eight biggest consequences of failing to pay child support in Texas and explain what you can do to protect yourself. At Varghese Summersett, our Family Law Division is led by Turner Thornton, a skilled negotiator, experienced litigator, and licensed mediator who has guided hundreds of families through their most difficult legal challenges. With a robust team of attorneys and paralegals, we handle child support matters on both sides: helping parents who need to modify their support obligations and representing parents who are owed back support through child support enforcement actions. You've Seen Us On What Are the Legal Elements of a Child Support Enforcement Action in Texas? Before diving into the specific consequences, it helps to understand how child support enforcement works from a legal standpoint. Under Texas Family Code Chapter 157, the parent seeking enforcement (the movant) must prove the following by a preponderance of the evidence (meaning more likely than not): First, a valid court order requiring the payment of child support existed. Second, the respondent knew about the order. Third, the respondent failed to comply with the order. If the movant proves these elements, the burden shifts to the respondent to show an inability to pay. A respondent who had the ability to pay but chose not to can be held in contempt of court. It is also worth noting that the other parent cannot legally withhold visitation because of unpaid child support. These are treated as separate legal obligations under Texas law. 1. Can You Go to Jail for Not Paying Child Support in Texas? Yes. If a judge finds that you intentionally failed to pay court-ordered child support, you can be held in contempt of court and sentenced to up to six months in jail for each missed payment. That means months or years of missed payments can stack up quickly. On top of contempt, Texas treats chronic nonpayment as a criminal offense. Under Texas Penal Code Section 25. 05, a person commits the crime of "criminal nonsupport" if they intentionally or knowingly fail to support their child. Criminal nonsupport is a state jail felony, punishable by 180 days to two years in a state jail facility and a fine of up to $10,000. Parents who deliberately dodge their obligations can also end up on the Texas Attorney General's Child Support Evader Program website. The OAG publishes the names and photos of parents who owe more than $5,000 and have an active arrest warrant. Watch: Can You Go to Jail for Unpaid Child Support? https://youtu. be/4gnxPqWUoJ0? feature=shared 2. Can You Lose Your Driver's License for Unpaid Child... > Accused of failure to report child abuse or neglect? Call today for a free consultation with an experienced attorney. 817-203-2220. - Published: 2022-03-24 - Modified: 2022-05-10 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/failure-to-report-child-abuse/ Mandatory Reporting of Child Abuse in Texas In Texas, anyone who suspects a child has been abused or neglected has a legal obligation to report it. Educators are held to an even higher standard and can face harsher punishment for trying to conceal abuse. Here’s an overview of Texas mandatory reporting laws and the crime and consequences of failure to report child abuse or neglect. Who is required to report child abuse and neglect in Texas? In Texas, if you suspect that a child is being abused or neglected, the law requires that you report it to the appropriate agency - this is true for everyday citizens and for professionals who work with children. Where are people supposed to report suspected child abuse? An appropriate agency to report child abuse would be the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services or local law enforcement. Are educators held to a higher standard when it comes to reporting child abuse? Yes, teachers, administrators and other school personnel are classified as mandatory “professional reporters” by the state of Texas. This designation requires that they report suspected mental or physical abuse within 48 hours. By law, they may not delegate their duty to report to another person to make the report. Who is considered a mandatory professional reporter of child abuse and neglect in Texas? According to Texas Family Code Section 261. 101, a mandatory professional reporter is anyone who is licensed or certified by the state or who works for a facility licensed, certified or operated by the state and has contact with children in the normal course of their duties. People who fall into this category are required to report suspected mental or physical abuse within 48 hours and must not delegate that duty to anyone else, such as a co-worker and family member. Professional reporters include but are not limited to: Teachers Nurses Doctors Day-care workers Juvenile probation officers What about people whose communications are considered privileged? Are they also required to report child abuse and neglect? Yes, the reporting requirements apply without exception to individuals whose personal communications may otherwise be privileged, including an attorney, a clergy member, a medical practitioner, a social worker, a mental health professional, an employee or member of a board that licenses or certifies a professional, and an employee of a clinic or health care facility that provides reproductive services. What constitutes failure to report child abuse or neglect in Texas? Under Texas law, a person commits this offense if he or she has reasonable cause to believe that a child’s physical or mental health or welfare has been adversely affected by abuse or neglect and knowingly fails to make a report. What is the punishment for failure to report child abuse or neglect in Texas? The offense is generally a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to a year in jail and a maximum $4000 fine. However, the offense becomes a state jail felony, punishable by six months to two years in a state... > What is a war crime? War crimes are “grave breaches” of international laws designed to hold individuals criminally responsible for actions that take place during an armed conflict. A set of treaties referred to as the Geneva Conventions stem from a series of conventions in Hague that began defining acts prohibited in wartime. The most […] - Published: 2022-03-18 - Modified: 2022-03-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/war-crime/ War crimes are “grave breaches” of international laws designed to hold individuals criminally responsible for actions that take place during an armed conflict. A set of treaties referred to as the Geneva Conventions stem from a series of conventions in Hague that began defining acts prohibited in wartime. The most important of these conventions took place in 1899, 1907, and again in 1949. While the Geneva Conventions contain much of what we consider war crimes today, there are a number of other international treaties and international customary laws that have been adopted by a substantial part of the international community over the years that broaden the definition of war crimes. The Geneva Convention of 1949 stands out among all these treaties, however, because it brought together treaties of past conventions and was ratified by all the member states of the United Nations. What are war crimes, generally? War crimes generally fall into one of the following categories: Crimes against civilians in areas of armed conflict Crimes against persons providing humanitarian aid or peacekeeping Crimes against property rights (confiscation of private property) Prohibited methods of warfare; (terror, causing superfluous and unnecessary injury) Prohibited means of warfare (chemical and biological weapons, weapons that strike civilians and combatants indiscriminately) Where are war crimes generally prosecuted? The International Criminal Court in the Hague prosecutes war crimes. The ICC works closely with the United Nations but is not a part of the UN. War crimes can also be prosecuted through an international war crimes tribunal or a tribunal set up through a formal group of nations such as Nato. What are examples of war crimes? Murder, willful killing not justified by military necessity Deliberately attacking civilians and non-military targets Targeting hospitals or other areas where the sick and wounded have gathered Torture Inhumane treatment Rape, forced prostitution Biological experiments Biological Weapons Chemical Weapons Willfully causing great suffering Forcing someone to serve in another military Taking hostages Intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population Intentionally directing attacks against non-military objectives Intentionally directing attacks against humanitarian assistance or peacekeeping mission Poison, poisonous gasses, or poisoned weapons; Killing combatants who have surrendered Intentionally using starvation of civilians as a method of warfare Aggression - An act of aggression means “the use of armed force by a state against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State” and can include invasion, occupation, and annexation by the use of force, as well as the blockade of ports. Will there be a prosecution based on the Russian invasion of Ukraine? The United Kingdom and 37 other countries have made a referral to the ICC for the attacks in Ukraine. This is the largest referral made in the history of the ICC. The referral - considered a “state party referral” allows the prosecution to move forward with an investigation without judicial approval. The basis of the referral was the indiscriminate targetting of civilians in Ukraine. The court’s chief prosecutor, Karim Khan, said the investigation would include any offenses that have... > Most parents alternate years for spring break visitation in Texas - unless they live more than 100 miles apart. Here's what you need to know. - Published: 2022-03-11 - Modified: 2024-03-07 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/spring-break-visitation-in-texas/ It’s Spring Break for many students in Texas, a time for kiddos to refresh, reset and rejoice over a week with no school. But what does this school holiday mean for separated parents? Who gets the kids for spring break? If you have recently gone through a family law matter, you probably have some questions about spring break visitation in Texas. In this article, we are going to address those questions and hopefully clear up any confusion you may have so everyone can have a relaxing and enjoyable time. But first, please take a moment to watch this video by Kristen Carr, an experienced family law attorney at Varghese Summersett. https://youtu. be/dhK23SEDVWM How do I find out which parent gets the kids for spring break this year in Texas? To find out who gets the kids for spring break this year, the first thing you should do is turn to your child custody agreement. If there is nothing specific about spring break in your child custody agreement, you must then follow the Standard Possession Order (SPO), which you should have received at the conclusion of your family law matter. The SPO is a guide that establishes visitation. The language can be found in Texas Family Code 153. 312 and 153. 313. Here's a 2026 SPO calendar for your convenience. What does the SPO specifically say about spring break in Texas? Under the Standard Possession Order, parents who live within 100 miles of each other alternate years for spring break visitation. Kids stay with the custodial parent in odd-numbered years during spring break. In even-numbered years, the non-custodial parent gets the kids for spring break. So in 2026, the non-custodial parent, or non-possessory conservator, gets the kids. If parents live more than 100 miles apart does that affect spring break visitation? Yes, if parents live more than 100 miles apart, the non-custodial parent, also called the possessory conservator, gets the children every year for spring break. This is because he or she doesn’t get the same parenting time during the year as parents who live closer. If it’s my year for spring break visitation, what time do I pick up and return my child? Spring break visitation or possession begins at 6 p. m. on the day your child is dismissed from school for spring break and ends at 6 p. m. on the day before your child is set to return to school. What if we don’t have any orders and can’t agree about spring break visitation? If the parents can’t come to an agreement about spring break visitation and don’t have a court order, it’s important to contact a family law attorney. If it is contentious now, then it likely will not get easier in the future. It’s best to contact an attorney so that you can get orders in place regarding possession. Can parents agree to a spring break schedule or plans that are not in the court order? Yes, parents can agree to a different schedule or... > Many people wrongly believe a child over age 12 can choose which parent to live with in Texas. Find out the law regarding a child's custody preference . - Published: 2022-03-07 - Modified: 2025-12-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/childs-custody-preference/ In Texas, a child cannot choose which parent to live with until age 18. However, under Texas Family Code § 153. 009, children age 12 or older have the right to meet privately with a judge to express their custody preferences. The judge must consider the child's wishes but is not required to follow them. The court's primary obligation is determining what serves the child's best interest, not simply granting the child's request. https://youtu. be/191T_p2KOKY Can a Child Age 12 or Older Choose Which Parent to Live With? No. This is one of the most common misconceptions in Texas family law. More than a decade ago, Texas Family Code § 153. 008 allowed children age 12 or older to sign a "designation of preference" form specifying the parent with whom they wanted to live. The Texas Legislature repealed that law because both parents would pressure the child to sign conflicting documents, placing the child squarely in the middle of the custody battle. Today, a child of any age cannot unilaterally decide custody arrangements. Only a court order or a written agreement between the parents can establish where the child lives. What Is the Current Law on a Child's Custody Preference in Texas? Texas Family Code § 153. 009 now governs how a child's preference is communicated to the court. Under this statute, a child age 12 or older may meet with the judge in chambers (the judge's private office) to discuss their wishes regarding primary conservatorship, visitation schedules, or any other issue affecting the parent-child relationship. This private interview serves two purposes. First, it gives the child a voice without the pressure of testifying in open court. Second, it allows the judge to assess the child's maturity level and ability to make sound decisions. Is the Judge Required to Interview the Child? It depends on the child's age. If the child is 12 or older and a parent requests the interview, the judge must grant it. Texas law makes this mandatory. If the child is under 12, the interview is discretionary. The judge decides whether speaking with the child would be helpful or appropriate given the circumstances. How Much Weight Does a Child's Preference Carry? A child's stated preference is one factor among many. Texas Family Code § 153. 002 requires courts to make custody decisions based on "the best interest of the child. " To guide this analysis, the Texas Supreme Court established the "Holley factors" in Holley v. Adams, 544 S. W. 2d 367 (Tex. 1976). These factors include: The child's own desires The child's emotional and physical needs now and in the future Any emotional or physical danger to the child now and in the future The parenting abilities of each party seeking custody Programs available to assist each parent Each party's plans for the child The stability of each home environment Any acts or omissions by a parent suggesting the relationship is improper Any excuses for those acts or omissions A teenager who clearly articulates thoughtful... > The Children's Bill of Rights in Texas is basically a list of rules for separated parents to follow to help children living under two roofs. Learn more. - Published: 2022-03-02 - Modified: 2026-07-03 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/childrens-bill-of-rights-in-texas/ In Texas, there is something called the “Children’s Bill of Rights. ” Unless you have been through a divorce or custody dispute, you probably haven’t even heard of this before. The Children’s Bill of Rights is basically a list of rules that parents and other adults are supposed to follow in an effort to protect children who are living under two roofs. It’s designed to keep children front and center during a difficult process. Here’s what you need to know about the Children's Bill of Rights in Texas. What is the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas? The Texas Children’s Bill of Rights is a numbered list of 31 rules or guidelines. Each one is designed to protect a child’s well-being and preserve their relationship with both parents. Simply put, it’s supposed to prevent children from getting caught in the middle of their parent’s drama and live happy lives in two homes. Parents are encouraged to share the Bill of Rights with grandparents, caregivers and other adults who are regularly in the child’s life. What are some of the highlights of the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas? Think of the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas as a list of do’s and don’ts for separated parents. There are several overarching themes including: * Don’t undermine or badmouth the other parent; * Do allow the child to receive communications from the other parent; * Don’t manipulate the child; * Do allow the child to display photographs of the other side of the family; * Don’t let the child hear arguments, negotiations or legal business; * Do acknowledge to the child that he or she has two homes. Read the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas (PDF). What happens if a parent violates the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas? If the Children’s Bill of Rights is part of your divorcee decree or child custody proceedings, the judge can impose penalties for those who intentionally ignore or violate the Children’s Bill of Rights in Texas. Speak to a family law attorney to find out if this is an avenue that may be pursued in your case. Who created the Texas Children's Bill of Rights? The Texas legislature created the Texas Children's Bill of Rights to ensure that the children are the number one priority in his state and that parents are educated regarding their duties under the law as the primary protectors of their children. Contact Us to Protect Your Child’s Rights. If you are concerned about how divorce or a custody dispute is affecting your children, it’s important to contact an experienced attorney to make sure that their rights are being respected and protected. If you think the other parent is in violation of a court order, it’s important to bring those matters to the attention of your lawyer who can appropriately address it with the court. Call 817-900-3220 to schedule a consultation with an experienced North Texas family lawyer and discuss your option. > In Texas, it’s possible to get a divorce without going to court as long its amicable and uncontested. Learn more about divorce without court. - Published: 2022-02-17 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-without-going-to-court/ For many people, divorce is a long, drawn-out battle that requires numerous court appearances and culminates in an emotionally draining trial. But it doesn’t have to be. In Texas, it’s possible to get a divorce without going to court - or by just appearing one time for a final "prove-up" hearing. To achieve this outcome, the divorce has to be uncontested, amicable, and both parties should be represented by attorneys. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group explain how to get a divorce without going to court in Texas. https://youtu. be/GvsN_UjCA9c? si=_PN55CyLKh1VPONz Uncontested Divorce - Final Decree of Divorce To stay out of divorce court, you and your spouse must agree on all divorce-related issues, including property division, asset distribution, child custody, and child visitation. This is known as an “uncontested divorce” or “agreed divorce. ” If couples can resolve issues on their own, their attorneys can draft an agreed final decree of divorce and file it with the court. A judge can then review the agreement and, as long as he or she believes it is fair to both parties, finalize the divorce after the required waiting period is reached. Uncontested Divorce - Mediated Settlement Agreement If couples want to stay out of court but are having difficulty getting on the same page, a mediator can step in to help them iron out their differences. Once an agreement is reached, the mediator will draft a Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA), and the parties and their attorneys sign off on it. Once it’s filed with the court, the parties are entitled to a judgment (decree) based on those mediated agreements. An MSA provides enforceability to the agreement. Is There a Waiting Period for an Uncontested Divorce in Texas? Yes, even if the divorce is uncontested, you still must wait a minimum of 60 days for a divorce to be finalized in Texas. What is a Prove-Up Hearing? A prove-up is a short hearing in an uncontested divorce to finalize the divorce. It is the very last step in a divorce and would likely be the only time you would have to appear in court in an uncontested or agreed divorce. However, since the COVID pandemic, many judges are no longer requiring parties to appear for a final prove-up of the divorce. So, it is possible that your divorce could be finalized without any court appearance at all. It just depends on the judge. If you do have to appear, it is a relatively painless process in which you answer a few short questions from the judge about the agreement. Afterward, your divorce will be granted and you can move forward with a new chapter in your life. Is an Uncontested Divorce Cheaper? An uncontested divorce is definitely going to be cheaper in the long run than a traditional divorce. Because most of the work is done outside of court and there are no adversarial court proceedings or a formal lengthy trial, it can cut down on attorneys... > Can cheating impact divorce proceeds in Texas? The short answer is, it depends. Here's what you need to know about adultery and divorce in Texas. - Published: 2022-02-16 - Modified: 2025-12-15 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/adultery-and-divorce-in-texas/ Cheating is a leading cause of divorce in Texas, but can adultery affect divorce proceedings? The short answer is, it depends. In Texas, there are two types of divorce: fault and no-fault. What type of divorce you pursue determines whether or not infidelity plays a role in the outcome or settlement of your divorce. Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about adultery and divorce in Texas, but first please watch this video from family law attorney Turner Thornton. https://youtu. be/MQoinGYA6zM? si=VstyiWDReUPH6Q5e What is a no-fault divorce in Texas? Texas is considered a no-fault divorce state, which basically means neither spouse has to prove wrongdoing to be granted a divorce. You can get divorced without giving a reason or explanation at all, by just citing “insupportability. Most divorces in Texas fall into this category, which is also referred to as an uncontested divorce. Most judges split marital assets equitably in a no-fault or uncontested divorce. What is a fault-based divorce in Texas? Although Texas allows for no-fault divorces, it also recognizes a number of “grounds” for divorce, including cruelty, felony conviction, abandonment, mental confinement, living apart, and adultery. Citing a reason or a ground for divorce can be advantageous to the wronged party. The court may consider fault when determining how to divide property and assets. What is adultery? Adultery is defined as voluntary sexual intercourse with someone besides your spouse. Adultery and divorce: Can infidelity affect divorce settlements in Texas? Yes. If you are able to convince a judge that your spouse’s cheating is the ground on which your divorce should be based, you could be awarded a greater share of the marital property. So, for example, if your spouse cheated during the marriage and you can prove it, the judge could divide 55/45 or 60/40, especially if there is a disparity in earning capabilities or your spouse spent marital money on their outside love interest. In Texas, the family code requires a “just and right division” of community property which gives the judge discretion when dividing property and assets between divorcing spouses. It’s also not uncommon for a judge to order the cheating spouse to reimburse the innocent spouse for “wasted community assets” - money spent on a paramour for dinners, hotel rooms, trips, jewelry, etc. Can adultery affect child custody in Texas? When determining child custody and visitation, the judge is focused on the children’s best interest and the parenting abilities of each spouse. As a result, infidelity usually does not affect child custody or visitation. However, if the judge believes that your spouse’s adultery was harmful to the children or that the cheating spouse is putting the new relationship over the kids, it could play a role in child custody or visitation decisions. Do you have to prove adultery in divorce proceedings? Yes. Unless your spouse admits to adultery, you will have to prove that the breakdown in the marriage was the result of an affair. You can present circumstantial evidence such as:* Text messages... > A judge could order you to pay your spouse's lawyer fees - or vice versa. Here's what you need to know about who pays divorce attorney fees in Texas. - Published: 2022-02-16 - Modified: 2025-12-02 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/who-pays-divorce-attorney-fees-in-texas/ Divorce is one of the most challenging experiences a person can face—emotionally, mentally, and financially. When clients come to us seeking dissolution of marriage, one of the first questions they ask is: "Who pays divorce attorney fees in Texas? " More specifically, they want to know whether they'll be responsible for their spouse's legal costs, or if there's any way to make their spouse pay for their own divorce lawyer. The short answer: it depends. Texas family courts have broad discretion when allocating attorney fees between divorcing spouses. In some cases, each party pays their own legal costs. In others, a judge may order one spouse to pay all or a substantial portion of the other's fees. This decision hinges on several factors, including income disparity, each spouse's conduct during the divorce, and the overall goal of achieving a "just and right" division of the marital estate. In this guide, family law attorney Turner Thornton answers the most common questions about divorce attorney fees in Texas—including when you can request fee reimbursement, what factors judges consider, and strategies to keep your own costs manageable. First, watch this short but highly informative video: https://youtu. be/lKk0lJHPq5g? si=GGogRwEXlI92klcH Understanding How Divorce Attorney Fees Work in Texas Texas is a community property state, which fundamentally shapes how courts handle everything from asset division to attorney fees during divorce. Unlike equitable distribution states where each spouse might automatically bear their own legal costs, Texas courts aim for what's called a "just and right" division of the marital estate—and that includes how legal expenses are allocated. Under Tex. Fam. Code § 6. 708(c), courts have explicit authority to award reasonable attorney's fees and expenses in any suit for dissolution of marriage. This isn't automatic; it requires a formal request and judicial review. Understanding this framework helps set realistic expectations about whether you might receive—or be ordered to pay—your spouse's legal fees. How Do I Ask My Spouse to Pay for My Divorce Attorney Fees? If you don't ask, you won't receive. To have any chance of recovering your attorney fees from your spouse, you must formally request this relief in your Original Petition for Divorce or in a subsequent pleading. Your divorce attorney should include specific language asking the court to order your spouse to pay reasonable attorney fees and legal expenses. This request should be included from the outset. Under Tex. R. Civ. P. 301, courts generally limit relief to what's been formally requested in the pleadings. Simply assuming the judge will award fees without a written request is a critical mistake that could cost you thousands of dollars. What Factors Does the Judge Consider When Deciding Who Pays? Texas judges weigh multiple factors when determining how to allocate divorce attorney fees. The primary considerations include: Financial disparity between spouses. If one spouse earns significantly more than the other—or if one spouse has substantially greater access to separate property assets—the court may order the higher-earning spouse to contribute to the other's legal fees. This ensures... > What if you file for divorce and change your mind? In Texas, you can dismiss a divorce case if you and your spouse have had a change of heart. Find out how. - Published: 2022-02-16 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/dismiss-a-divorce-case-in-texas/ What if you file for divorce and then change your mind? Can you dismiss a divorce case in Texas? Absolutely, as long as both spouses agree and the divorce hasn’t been finalized. From time to time, couples have a change of heart during divorce proceedings. In this article, we’re going to discuss how to undo a divorce case in Texas. How can you dismiss a divorce case in Texas? If you are the one who filed for divorce and your spouse has not yet filed a response, or counter petition, then you alone can dismiss the suit. You are known as the petitioner and you can file a Notice of Nonsuit without Prejudice. Once the judge signs it, your divorce will be dismissed. However, if you and your spouse have both filed paperwork with the court, then both parties must agree to dismiss a divorce case in Texas. Both spouses will have to sign the motion to dismiss the divorce case. Once the judge signs off on it, the divorce proceedings will cease. What if only one spouse wants to dismiss a divorce case? If one party wants to dismiss a divorce case and the other does not, then the case will not be dismissed. In Texas, a divorce can be granted even if one party doesn't want to go through with it. What is dismissal for want of prosecution? Sometimes couples file for divorce and then don’t pursue it. When there is no movement on a case, the judge will set the case for dismissal, rather than have it sit around on their docket. This is called Dismissal for Want of Prosecution (DWOP) and is actually more common than you might think. Both parties will be notified of the court’s intent for dismissal and given a chance to object. If neither party responds or appears for the dismissal hearing, the divorce case will be dismissed. This means the couple is still married. What if I change my mind yet again and want to go through with the divorce after all? If your divorce case is dismissed, you can file your case again - as long as it was dismissed without prejudice. It is not uncommon for couples to change their minds about divorce several times over during the course of a contentious marriage. Of course, if you refile a new petition, you will have to pay a lawyer and court fees again. What does “dismissed without prejudice” mean in divorce proceedings? If a case is “dismissed without prejudice” it simply means that the parties can refile the divorce case in the future. Likewise, if a case is dismissed “with prejudice,” you can’t refile it at a later date. What is the 60-day waiting period to get divorced? Couples seeking divorce must wait at least 60 days before their divorce can be finalized. The idea behind the waiting period is to make sure that both parties are sure about their decision to end their marriage. This time period gives them... > Divorcing an abusive spouse can be stressful and dangerous. Here's what you need to know about domestic violence and divorce in Texas. - Published: 2022-01-17 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/domestic-violence-and-divorce/ In Texas, more than 170 victims of family violence seek help every day. If you or your child is among them, you may be contemplating how to get out of the abusive relationship once and for all. Divorcing an abusive spouse can be nerve-wracking and dangerous. Fortunately, there are laws in place to protect victims and speed up the process. It’s also not uncommon for family law judges to strip abusers of various rights pertaining to child custody, child visitation, and asset division. In this article, our family law attorneys will explain the laws and answer some of your most pressing questions about domestic violence and divorce in Texas. Is domestic violence grounds for divorce in Texas? "Domestic violence” is not specifically stated as a grounds for divorce in Texas, but “cruelty” is listed. According to the Texas Family Code, a divorce may be granted in one spouse’s favor if the other spouse committed treatment so cruel that living together is insupportable. Physical, emotional or sexual abuse would certainly qualify as cruel. To prove your spouse has engaged in cruelty due to domestic abuse, it will be necessary to show the judge evidence, such as photos of injuries, medical records, or police reports. It’s important to point out, however, that Texas is also a no-fault divorce state, which means spouses can divorce without providing a specific reason or proving who is at fault. If I file for divorce from my abusive spouse, can I get an emergency protective order? Serving your spouse with divorce papers can exacerbate an already volatile situation. If your spouse is threatening you or you are worried about the immediate safety of you and your children, it’s important to seek a temporary emergency protective order, also called a temporary ex parte order. According to Texas Family Code 83. 001, a judge can issue such an order without speaking to the abuser and without a hearing if it is shown that the abuser presents a clear and present danger of family violence to you or a family member. The emergency protective order can last for up to 20 days and may be extended for another 20 days upon request. Before the temporary protective order expires, you should have hearing to ask the judge for a final protective order, which can last up to two years. How will my spouse be notified that I have filed for divorce? In most cases, a constable or process server will deliver divorce papers to your spouse. Because this is a very emotional time for both parties, it is recommended that you stay somewhere safe during this process. The most dangerous time for a survivor of domestic violence is when they try to leave their abuser. The benefit of having an attorney during this entire process is that you will not ever need to speak or interact with your ex once you file for divorce. If my spouse is abusive, do I still have to wait 60 days for the divorce to... > Is delta-8 THC legal in Texas? Here is the answer you are looking for. - Published: 2022-01-17 - Modified: 2025-12-06 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/delta-8-thc/ Delta-8 THC is currently legal to sell as a hemp-derived product in much of Texas, but that status is rapidly changing. A court injunction keeps delta-8 off the Texas controlled substances list for now, but a statewide cannabinoid vape ban that took effect in September 2025 and a new federal law taking effect in November 2026 will likely eliminate most legal delta-8 sales within the next 12 to 24 months. Walk into many smoke shops in Texas today and you'll still find delta-8 gummies, tinctures, and drinks. But the delta-8 vape pens that were once everywhere? Those became illegal for retailers to sell on September 1, 2025, under Texas Senate Bill 2024. And the rest of the delta-8 market is living on borrowed time. In this article, the attorneys at Varghese Summersett explain what delta-8 is, why it exists in a legal gray area, what changed in 2025, and what you need to know if you're arrested for possession. What is Delta-8 THC? Delta-8 is a cannabinoid that can be derived from hemp and produces effects similar to marijuana, including euphoria and relaxation. The chemical structure is nearly identical to delta-9 THC (the primary compound that makes marijuana illegal), with one small difference: the double bond sits on the eighth carbon atom instead of the ninth. That molecular distinction matters legally. Delta-8 on the market is typically synthesized or chemically converted from CBD extracted from hemp plants. Because hemp containing less than 0. 3% delta-9 THC became federally legal under the 2018 Farm Bill, manufacturers argued delta-8 fell into a legal loophole so long as it came from lawful hemp. The result? A somewhat less potent but still intoxicating substance that retailers have sold openly across Texas since 2019. Delta-8 is not CBD. It will get you high, and standard drug tests will detect its metabolites just as they do delta-9 THC. Why Did Delta-8 Become So Popular in Texas? Texas has some of the strictest marijuana laws in the country. Possession of even a small amount of marijuana concentrate can result in felony charges under Texas Health and Safety Code § 481. 116, making alternatives that appear "legal" especially attractive. After Texas passed House Bill 1325 in 2019, which legalized hemp and hemp-derived products containing less than 0. 3% delta-9 THC by dry weight, retailers began selling delta-8 with minimal up-front restrictions. For years, there were no specific statewide age limits, licensing requirements tailored to delta-8, or uniform lab-testing mandates, and the market exploded. Delta-8 gummies, vape cartridges, and tinctures appeared in gas stations, smoke shops, and CBD stores statewide. For consumers in a state where recreational marijuana remains illegal, delta-8 became the accessible alternative that felt legal but produced clearly intoxicating effects. Is Delta-8 Legal in Texas Right Now? Yes, but with significant restrictions and looming changes. Delta-8 edibles, tinctures, and beverages remain generally legal to purchase and possess in Texas as of December 2025, so long as they meet hemp definitions and delta-9 limits. That is largely... > COVID is spreading like wildfire and so are fake covid vaccine cards and related scams. Here are the criminal consequences you might face. - Published: 2022-01-17 - Modified: 2022-01-18 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/fake-covid-vaccine-cards/ COVID is spreading like wildfire - and so are fake covid vaccine cards and related scams. Each week, law enforcement agencies across the state and country put out new warnings about the latest COVID scams. The fraudulent activity ranges from fake tests, to phony vaccination cards, to sham testing sites. Depending on the facts and circumstances, the scams can be prosecuted as a state or federal crime and the punishment could be severe. Here’s a look at the crimes and consequences stemming from COVID scams in Texas and across the country. What are some common COVID scams? Some of the most common COVID scams include: selling or buying fake vaccination cards online; setting up fake testing sites and administering bogus COVID tests; selling fake rapid COVID tests online. In this article, we are going to take a look at three common COVID scams and the potential consequences of each. Fake Vaccination Cards The list of venues, businesses, schools, and government agencies requiring proof of COVID vaccine is growing - and so is vaccination card fraud. Rather than sit out or be turned away for being unvaccinated, some people are turning to the Internet or social media to buy fake vaccination cards. What they might not realize is that they are committing a federal crime. Buying, making, or selling phony vaccination cards can land you in big trouble with the law. What charges are possible for buying or selling fake vaccine records? The FBI has issued several warnings about Texans buying and selling fake vaccines. People who make, sell or possess a fake vaccination card can face federal charges including: Misuse of a Government Seal: Making, selling or possessing a counterfeit vaccination card, which uses the federal seal of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is punishable by up to five years in federal prison. Federal Mail or Wire Fraud: Using the mail or a computer to commit a crime - such as mailing a fake card or using Venmo to pay for a phony card - is punishable by up to 20 years federal prison. Fake Testing Sites As the omicron variant continues to surge, people are scrambling to find testing sites. Scammers are capitalizing on the demand and setting up nefarious pop-up sites offering quick, easy and fast results. The so-called “health care workers” administer a bogus test and walk away with customers’ personal information, including driver’s license number, social security number, credit card number, and medical history. Armed with this information, they can then commit identity theft. What constitutes identity theft in Texas? In Texas, a person commits identity theft if he or she obtains, uses, possesses or transfers personal information of another without consent with the intent to harm or defraud. What is the punishment for identity theft in Texas? The severity of the charge and potential punishment depends on the number of identifying items found in the defendant’s possession. For example, if a defendant is in possession of: 1 to 4 identifying items, they face... > What happens when parents disagree on the Covid vaccine? Who gets to make the decision about the child COVID vaccine after divorce or seperation? - Published: 2022-01-07 - Modified: 2022-01-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/parents-disagree-on-covid-vaccine/ Now that the child COVID vaccine has been given the green light for children ages 5 and up, a new dilemma has emerged in Texas family law among divorced or separated parents. What happens when parents disagree on the COVID Vaccine? Who gets to make the decision? Unfortunately, the answer is not always clear-cut or simple. The first thing we must do is turn to the divorce decree or child custody order for guidance. What kind of child custody agreement, or conservatorship, is in place? In Texas, child custody is referred to as conservatorship. The right to vaccinate your child depends on the type of conservatorship you have. The Texas Family Code recognizes three types of conservatorship:Joint Managing Conservators — parents share rights and duties regarding the child, including health care decisions. Your court order should outline whether decisions are: *Independent to each parent, meaning each parent can make a decision without the consent of the other parent; * By joint agreement, meaning the parents must agree on the decision; or* Exclusive to one parent, meaning that parent is the sole decision-maker. Sole Managing Conservator — one parent has the exclusive right to consent to a child’s medical, dental and surgical treatment. They have the final say about whether the child is vaccinated or not. Possessory Conservator — a person with the right to possess and access a child. This person has visitation rights. If one parent is named sole managing conservator, the other is usually named a possessory conservator. This doesn’t usually apply to medical decisions, only visitation. Joint managing conservators who disagree about the child COVID vaccine in Texas Joint managing conservatorship is the most common custody arrangement in Texas, but when it comes to child COVID vaccinations, it can also be the most confusing. Some orders give one parent final decision-making authority over medical decisions. However, if that right is shared by both parents, the decision could be made by a designated tie-breaker, such as the child’s pediatrician. If the pediatrician doesn’t want to get involved, then you could end up in court. Unfortunately, it could take weeks for the judge to hear the dispute, which would likely involve a request to enforce or modify the current custody order. Since time is a factor, a parent could seek an emergency injunction to stop their ex from vaccinating their child pending that hearing. Mediation is another option. Some court orders require parents to go to mediation when they are unable to agree on parenting or health care decisions. This is often a good alternative that can help parents reach an amicable decision. Hopefully, your court order is clear in regard to medical decisions. If it is not, it is important to speak to a family law attorney and seek guidance as soon as possible. What if I don’t have a court order? (SAPCR). You can then ask the judge to make orders about conservatorship and the rights and duties of each parent. Again, this takes time. If you... > Protecting your professional practice in divorce is something that's often overlooked but shouldn't be. Learn about protecting what you've built. 817-900-3220. - Published: 2022-01-03 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/professional-practice-in-divorce/ Many couples who marry never consider the impact a divorce may have on either spouse’s professional practice; after all, no one expects they will divorce at some point in the future. Most professionals consult with accountants and lawyers while setting up their practice, but give little thought to the dissolution of their business – particularly if that dissolution stems from divorce. Protecting your professional practice in a divorce is important, and can prove legally challenging and complicated. If you’re considering divorce and have a professional practice, give us a call to discuss how to best protect your professional practice in divorce. What Not To Do When Facing Divorce Spouses who have professional practices should never attempt to manipulate marital assets in an effort to keep them from the other spouse. Removing marital estate assets or liquidizing business assets could lead to charges such as “dissipation of marital assets,” and Texas courts regard those who try to do this when divorcing unfavorably. Ultimately, unscrupulous attempts to hide marital assets could negatively affect what happens with the professional practice in a divorce. The professional practice should be operated during the divorce process in the same manner it was prior to divorcing. Prenuptial and Post-Marital Agreements in Divorce In Texas, both spouses are given equal protection by the court when it comes to divorce and property. That said, prenuptial or post-marital agreements may have little impact when it comes to professional practices. The state makes it clear that property is “community,” and a contract between spouses can protect the business’s original value, but increased value of the business during the marriage is considered marital assets. An experienced Texas divorce attorney at Varghese Summersett Family Law Group can provide guidance on how a prenuptial or post-marital agreement may impact your divorce. The Discovery Process During a divorce, attorneys complete what is known as “discovery” to learn about the marriage assets and marital estate. Texas is a community property state, which means the assets and liabilities a couple has are divided in a manner considered “fair and just. ” Essentially, property and debts are divided equally in most cases. When a spouse started or belonged to any kind of professional practice before marriage, a portion of the practice can still be included in the marital estate. Any increases in value during the marriage would also be included in the marital estate. In order to determine the amount of the business belonging in the marital estate, divorce lawyers learn the value of the practice at the marriage date, and separation date. Other than patient information and records, your divorce attorney can check all financial records in the discovery process. https://youtu. be/FjVIBKgtTB8 Valuation of a Professional Practice in a Divorce Divorce cases involving professional practices can be complex. In order to value the practice and determine how property will be divided, the following must be considered: Determining community property. As explained above, Texas is a community property state. However, property acquired by an inheritance, gift, or prior... > Credit score and divorce: There are a number of ways your credit score may be impacted by divorce. Here are the things you should watch out for. - Published: 2021-11-01 - Modified: 2022-05-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/credit-score-and-divorce/ With so many issues to deal with during a divorce, it’s easy to overlook what may be happening with your credit score. While getting divorced does not damage credit directly, the related financial issues that arise could affect a person’s credit. Credit Score and Divorce Although marital status is not a factor in calculating your credit score, there are a number of ways a divorce can impact it. 1. Missing Payments. One spouse may remain in the marital home, taking on a larger (or full) share of expenses. In cases where child support, alimony, or spousal support is in place, there may be a financial dependency on the ex-spouse. All of a sudden, the possibility of a missed payment becomes more of a reality. Missing payments is a leading reason for a credit score to drop. 2. Joint Obligations Change. Creditors are slow to non-responsive when it comes to updating who is obligated on a debt. Mortgage payments, car payments, and many other expenses are commonly considered a joint obligation, regardless of whose name is on the bill or title. Even in the event that a judge orders one spouse to make payments for joint debt, if the responsible spouse fails to do so, the creditor reports the issue for late or non-payment to credit reporting agencies. It is easy to see how joint debts can become substantial problems in terms of someone's credit score upon divorcing. 3. Joint Debts. Even if the judge orders one spouse to make payments on an outstanding debt, if the spouse fails to do so and the debt is still seen by creditors as a joint obligation, both credit scores are going to take a hit. 4. Lack of Independent Credit History. According to the Federal Trade Commission, women are particularly vulnerable losing their credit altogether after a divorce. If most or all of your credit history is built on joint obligations, you may not have any credit history under your own name. For this reason, the FTC reports that women in particular may have more adverse effects on their credit scores following divorce. Check Credit Reports Frequently During and After Divorce Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for one party to open up a new line of credit obligating both spouses during the divorce. It may be prudent to freeze your credit during divorce proceedings. You should also monitor your credit reports and scores. Monitoring credit reports keeps you informed of any changes or unpleasant surprises. You’re able obtain a free credit report once a year from the three credit reporting companies, including Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. The Federal Trade Commission reports that women, in particular, may have more of an impact regarding their credit score after divorce. Protecting Your Credit Score During a Divorce While it may not be possible to maintain a perfect credit score when going through a divorce, there are some things that can be done to protect credit, including: Minimize your debt as much as possible: If you’re going... > In Lange v. California, the Supreme Court declined to endorse warrantless entries in all "hot pursuits" for misdemeanors. - Published: 2021-10-24 - Modified: 2022-03-24 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/hot-pursuit/ Police officers don’t have carte blanche to enter a home without a warrant when pursuing a fleeing suspect for a misdemeanor offense, the U. S. Supreme Court has ruled. In a unanimous ruling in Lange v. California, the high court declined to grant police unlimited authority to enter homes without a warrant when they’re in “hot pursuit” of someone for a misdemeanor crime. Police are generally required to have a warrant to enter someone’s home under the Fourth Amendment’s prohibition on “unreasonable searches. ” However, courts have allowed exceptions when an officer is in pursuit of a suspect believed to have committed a felony. The flight of a suspect for a misdemeanor crime does not always justify a warrantless entry exception, the justices ruled. “An officer must consider all the circumstance in a pursuit case to determine whether there is a law enforcement emergency,” Justice Elena Kagan wrote for a majority of the court. “On many occasions, the officer will have good reason to enter – to prevent imminent harms of violence, destruction of evidence or escape from the home. But when the officer has time to get a warrant, he must do so – even though the misdemeanant fled. “ The Case Before the High Court: Lange v. California The court’s ruling stems from the case of Lange v. California, a California man convicted of driving under the influence. On October 7, 2016, Arthur Lange drove by a California highway patrol officer while playing loud music and honking his horn. The officer believed that was a noise violations and started following Lange. The officer attempted to pull over Lange, who drove a short distance to his home and entered his garage. The officer followed Lange into his garage, where he questioned him and, after observing signs of intoxication, gave him filed sobriety tests. A later blood test showed Lange’s blood alcohol content was three times the legal limit. Lange was arrested and charged with misdemeanor DUI. Lange moved to suppress the evidence obtained after the officer entered his garage, arguing that the warrantless entry violated the Fourth Amendment. The court found that, because the officer was in “hot pursuit” of suspect whom he had probable case to arrest for a law violation, the officer’s warrantless entry into Lange’s driveway and garage were lawful. The court denied Lange’s motion and he was ultimately convicted. The court of appeals affirmed Mr. Lange’s conviction The case was ultimately appealed all the way to the U. S. Supreme Court, where Lange contended that the officer had no right to enter his home without a warrant and the DUI evidence was obtained illegally. The Question in Lange’s Case Since 1976, the Supreme Court has held that police may conduct a warrantless search when pursing a felon. The question in Lange’s case was whether police could do the same when pursuing someone of a minor, or misdemeanor, offense. The justices ruled they could not and sent the case back to the lower courts for another... > The popularity of cryptocurrency has exploded, leading to concerns about hidden assets and fair divisions. Learn about cryptocurrency in divorce. - Published: 2021-10-12 - Modified: 2022-05-31 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/cryptocurrency-in-divorce/ Cryptocurrency and Divorce A growing concern among couples getting divorced is whether one spouse has cryptocurrency, and if so, where is it stored and who gets it? Here's what Texas divorcees need to know about cryptocurrency in divorce - and why it is such a gray area. Understanding Cryptocurrency Cryptocurrency (bitcoin, ethereum, etc. ) refers to digital currency that uses an online blockchain ledger to manage and reconcile transactions. Blockchain is just a fancy way of saying the information is decentralized so that everyone on the connected network has the same, verifiable information. "Crypto" refers to the cryptography that's used to keep everything secure. Cryptocurrency has a number of advantages. First, transactions are settled in minutes, rather than days. Second, transactions are confidential. Although the transactions are verifiable over the network, they do not contain personal identifying information. Third, it allows for transactions without a traditional bank account. As the value of cryptocurrency fluctuates (bitcoin has had months where its price changed by 300 percent), there are real problems with placing a value on cryptocurrency. Divorce attorneys are facing new issues when dealing with bitcoin assets during divorce proceedings. Is Cryptocurrency Considered "Currency" in Texas? Some states recognize cryptocurrency as money, while others do not recognize it as tangible property or currency. Therefore, there does not seem to be any consensus among state legislatures that would suggest how cryptocurrency should be treated in divorce proceedings. Under Texas House Bill HB4474, Texas does recognize cryptocurrency as a form of currency. Therefore, as a marital asset, spouses must consider this as part of the distribution of assets in their divorce. Cryptocurrency in Divorce Whether cryptocurrency is purchased or mined, its existence creates problems for divorcees. For starters, both spouses may not be aware of its existence. And even if the currency is located, valuation is difficult with prices changing every minute. Unlike stocks, the prices can change around the clock, every day of the year. The "markets" never close. Additionally, cryptocurrency can be used to hide marital assets. Cryptocurrency can be stored in online accounts, on hard drives - almost anywhere. The assets are rarely disclosed and are often not reflected in tax returns. This means it might take a forensic accountant or a legal expert to sift through and find where assets are hidden. CNBC reported over 20 million Americans own cryptocurrency. You may not know if your spouse has been squirreling money away in cryptocurrency. There might also be significant tax implications to negotiating cryptocurrency settlements, including liability for failure to report past cryptocurrency income, as well as future implications if the asset sees significant growth. While a divorcing spouse has a duty of candor and disclosure, the reality is some (or many) individuals believe cryptocurrency can be easily hidden. It takes an experienced attorney and often forensic investigations to track transactions and locate cryptocurrency purchases. Cryptocurrency to Pay Child Support and Alimony Courts across the nation are split over whether alimony or child support can be paid using cryptocurrency.... > Have you been served divorce papers? Do you need to serve divorce papers. Here's what you need to know about serving divorce papers in Texas. (817) 900-3220. - Published: 2021-10-01 - Modified: 2023-09-12 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/serving-divorce-papers/ Have you been served divorce papers? Do you need to serve divorce papers? Service of process, or service of citation, is legal notice that provides a spouse with notice that a divorce has been filed. Service is a necessary step in divorce unless the respondent has properly waived formal service. Service of divorce papers is governed by the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. In this article, our legal team explains the process of serving divorce papers in Texas. But first, please watch this informative video. https://youtu. be/3Za3rgJMmV4 What does it mean to serve divorce papers? “Service” or “service of process” is the term for the legal notice you provide to someone when they have been sued in court. Filing a petition for a divorce is initiating a lawsuit, so your spouse is entitled to receive proper notice of the filing and all of the documents that have been filed. This process is necessary so the receiving spouse, or the “respondent,” has the opportunity to respond to the divorce petition with an answer, either accepting your demands, contesting your demands, or requesting an extension to answer. Service is a critical component of all civil litigation, including divorce. How Divorce Papers are Served in Texas In Texas, the rules for service of process are set forth in the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. Although there is some buzz that now you can serve divorce papers online in Texas, it is important to note that personal or mail service is still the preferred method. Under Texas rules, process cannot be served by the party themselves. The petitioner typically must hire a sheriff or constable, or other process server to actually deliver the documents. The two primary methods of service include: Delivering a copy of the petition and citation to the respondent that shows the delivery date, or Mailing a copy of the citation and petition to the defendant by registered or certified mail, requesting a return receipt These methods both require a hard copy of the documents to be delivered to the respondent. In the rare case that neither of these two methods is available, the petitioner (the spouse who is filing the divorce papers) can now serve divorce papers online in Texas. The petitioner must submit a Motion for Substituted Service and an affidavit swearing that they could not successfully serve the respondent. To do this, the process server must list all of the unsuccessful attempts they have made to serve the respondent. If the court is convinced the respondent cannot be reached, they can authorize the petitioner to serve the citation and petition by: Leaving a copy of the citation and petition with someone older than 16 years old who lives at the location where the respondent is likely to be found, or Serving the respondent in any other manner, such as electronically, like email or social media, such that the notification is reasonably likely to give the respondent notice of the divorce. Occasionally, the court may authorize service by posting... > In Texas, there are a number of grounds for divorce, including cruelty, adultery or a felony conviction. Learn about grounds for divorce in Texas. - Published: 2021-09-23 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/grounds-for-divorce-in-texas/ Texas is a “no-fault divorce state,” which means one spouse does not have to show the other did anything wrong in order to get a divorce. However, the Texas Family Code does lay out a number of specific grounds for divorce. In this article, we will discuss each ground for divorce in Texas: The marriage has become insupportable because of discord or conflict (“No Fault Divorce”) Cruelty Adultery Conviction of a Felony Abandonment Living Apart Confinement in a Mental Hospital What are the grounds for divorce in Texas? The grounds for divorce in Texas can be found in Chapter 6 of the Texas Family Code: InsupportabilityInsupportability basically means that you and your spouse will not reconcile because there is too much conflict within the marriage to maintain a marital relationship. For this basis, it must be clear that there is no reasonable expectation that the parties will be able to reconcile. CrueltyCruelty can be cited as the reason for a divorce if one spouse is cruel in a manner that renders living together insupportable. AdulteryAdultery may be a ground for divorce if one spouse has committed adultery. There used to be a rule that if both spouses have committed adultery, it cannot be used as grounds for divorce by one spouse, but that is no longer the case. Felony ConvictionFelony conviction includes a few different nuances. A court can grant a divorce in favor of one spouse if the other spouse has been convicted of a felony, has been imprisoned for more than one year in a federal jail, another state jail, or with the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, and has not been granted a pardon. If the conviction of the other spouse was based on the testimony of the petitioning spouse, the divorce cannot be granted on this ground. AbandonmentAbandonment may be the basis for divorce if one spouse left the petitioning spouse (i. e. the one filing suit) with the intention to abandon them and remained away for a year or more. Living ApartLiving apart for at least three years allows the court to grant the divorce in favor of either spouse. Mental HealthConfinement in a mental hospital allows the court to grant a divorce if, when the petition for divorce is filed, the other spouse has been in a mental hospital (public or private), as defined by the Health and Safety Code, in Texas or another state for more than three years and the disorder for which the spouse is hospitalized is of such a degree and nature that it is unlikely the spouse will adjust or if an adjustment is possible, that relapse is likely. Contact Us If you are considering divorce or have been served with divorce papers in North Texas, give us a call at (817) 900-3220 to set up a consultation. Our team can help get you through this difficult time and will work to protect your interests. > If you are wondering if you should pay a consultation fee for a divorce lawyer, here are some things to consider. - Published: 2021-09-19 - Modified: 2023-09-27 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/consultation-fee/ Consultation Fees in Divorce Cases Some law firms tout “free consultations” as a selling point to attract potential clients, but the reality is most reputable firms charge for a consultation. If you are wondering if you should pay a consultation fee for a divorce lawyer, there are many factors to consider. First and foremost, a paid consultation means you are getting an hour with an attorney who has reviewed preliminary information about your case and is prepared to discuss case-specific strategy and advice. Family law attorneys often charge consultation fees so they can be 100% focused on the client during the visit, and take specific time to prepare for the unique facts and circumstances of each potential client. The attorney will listen to you, the facts of your case, its history, review any existing orders, and discuss a plan for moving forward. Second, paid consultations are not sales sessions. For many, this is the most compelling reason to pay for a consultation. At our firm, you will speak to an attorney who is not pushing divorce or for you to hire us. Sometimes, counseling and reconciliation is what the potential client really wants, not a divorce. A paid consultation ensures the attorney and potential client both have the freedom to consider every option. It is also a meeting to make sure moving forward would be a good fit for both the client and the attorney. You Often Get Legal Advice During a Consultation One reason lawyers sometimes charge consultation fees is that they often must provide legal advice during the initial consultation. When a consultation is free, the firm will most likely take a cursory glance at your case simply to decide whether they want to accept you as a client. On the other hand, a thorough consultation usually requires an attorney to review the facts of the case and do some initial legal analysis about its strengths and weaknesses. For example, during consultations, attorneys often advise the prospective client regarding case- and fact-specific matters. This legal advice is critical to ensuring that the client files their lawsuit on time, and all of the legal options available to the potential client. Providing quality and specific legal advice is at the core of the attorney’s work, and they do not take legal advice lightly, which is why thorough attorneys may charge an initial consultation fee. A Consultation Fee Goes Toward Preparation Time When you go in to meet with an attorney, you want them to have a comprehensive understanding of your situation. Lawyers often need to prepare for meetings with prospective clients so they can spend more time discussing the merits of your case, and less time during the meeting learning all the facts of the case for the first time. When Firms Fail to Charge Consultation Fees, Potential Clients May Not Be Meeting with an Attorney Some firms that do not charge fees do not send an attorney to come meet the prospective client. Instead, you may be meeting with... > In Texas family courts, you will often hear attorneys refer to a SAPCR (pronounced "Sap-sir), which is an acronym for a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child - Published: 2021-09-18 - Modified: 2023-09-28 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/sapcr/ What is a SAPCR in Texas? In Texas family courts, you will often hear attorneys refer to a SAPCR (pronounced "Sap-sir), which is an acronym for a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship. A SAPCR is a legal request, or petition, filed in family court asking a judge to make orders about visitation, child support, child custody, and medical support for a child. SAPCRs are quite common in Texas family law courts, especially in cases where parents are not married and need to address issues related to their children. SAPCRs are essential for establishing and protecting the rights and responsibilities of parents and children in situations where there is no existing court order. In this article, our experienced Fort Worth family law attorneys will explain a suit affecting the parent-child relationship in Texas and answer some frequently asked questions. Standing to File a Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship in Texas While unmarried parents are the most common parties to file a SAPCR, they are not the only ones who can do so. Other individuals who have a significant relationship with the child or a legal interest in the child's welfare may also have standing to file a SAPCR under specific circumstances. Under Section 102. 003 of the Texas Family Code, the following parties have standing to file a SAPCR: A biological or adoptive parent of the child; A prospective adoptive parent; A person, other than a foster parent, who has had actual care, control, and possession of the child for at least six months, ending not more than 90 days preceding the filing of the petition; A person designated as the managing conservator in a revoked or unrevoked affidavit of voluntary relinquishment of parental rights; A person with a court-ordered right of possession of or access to the child; A person who is a party in a pending suit for the dissolution of a marriage with the child's parent; A person who has lived with the child and the child’s parent, guardian, or conservator for at least six months prior to filing the SAPCR and the child’s parent, guardian, or conservator has died; The child’s grandparent, great-grandparent, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, niece, or nephew if both parents are dead; or both parents, the surviving parent, or managing conservator agree; or the child’s present circumstances will harm his or her physical or emotional health; A person who served as the foster parent of the child for at least a year prior to filing the SAPCR. The SAPCR Process in Texas The Suit Affecting the Parent-Child Relationship (SAPCR) process in Texas is a legal procedure that addresses issues related to the rights and responsibilities of parents and the welfare of their children. This process can involve matters such as child custody, visitation, child support, and other aspects of parenting. Here is an overview of the SAPCR process in Texas, starting from the filing of the case to the final decision by a judge: Filing the Case The SAPCR process begins when a party... > Divorce is tough. Here are some divorce do's and don'ts that may make your life easier during the process. - Published: 2021-09-18 - Modified: 2023-08-25 - URL: https://versustexas.com/blog/divorce-dos-and-donts/ Divorce Do's and Don'ts: A Texas Checklist If you're considering divorce in Texas, the decisions you make now will shape your financial future, your relationship with your children, and how quickly you can move forward. This checklist covers what to do (and what to avoid) before and during Texas divorce proceedings. Proper planning can save you thousands of dollars, reduce emotional stress, and protect what matters most. Divorce is not a failure. It does not mean something is wrong with you. What it does mean is that you deserve to feel valued and emotionally fulfilled, and sometimes that requires difficult decisions. By following these do's and don'ts, you can approach your divorce strategically rather than reactively. What Should You Do Before Filing for Divorce in Texas? Texas is a community property state under Texas Family Code Chapter 3. This means most assets acquired during marriage belong equally to both spouses, regardless of who earned the money or whose name is on the account. Understanding this before you file helps you prepare realistically for property division. https://youtu. be/RdPQozeqrxs? si=8-rnyo0qxdV_k49i Evaluate and Document Your Assets Gather records for every asset you own: bank accounts, retirement accounts, investment portfolios, real estate, vehicles, and valuable personal property. Organize these documents in a location your spouse cannot access. Take photographs of important items, especially jewelry, art, or collectibles that could disappear. Identify which assets are community property (acquired during marriage) and which are separate property (owned before marriage, inherited, or received as gifts). Under Texas Family Code § 3. 001, separate property remains yours. Community property gets divided by the court. Note that community property is not automatically split 50-50 in Texas. Courts divide it in a manner they consider "just and right," which can result in unequal splits based on factors like earning capacity, fault in the marriage breakdown, and custody arrangements. Talk to Your Spouse Calmly Even if you know the marriage is over, communicate with your spouse before filing. This conversation is not about reconciliation (unless you want that). It's about setting a tone. Couples who can discuss divorce without hostility spend less money on attorneys and reach agreements faster. If you have children, your ability to communicate calmly now predicts how well co-parenting will work later. Texas courts consider the parents' ability to cooperate when making custody decisions under Texas Family Code Chapter 153. Get Employed or Stay Employed Do not assume your spouse will support you financially during or after divorce. Texas courts may award spousal maintenance (alimony), but only in limited circumstances under Texas Family Code Chapter 8. To qualify, you typically must have been married at least 10 years and lack sufficient property or earning ability to meet your minimum reasonable needs. If you are not working, consider getting a job before filing. Create a realistic budget that includes rent, utilities, food, transporta